IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT  3) 


1.0 


I.I 


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2.0 


HT  i;£ 


18 


1.25     1.4    |i,6 

■9 6"     

► 

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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


^ 

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"'4 


■" 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag6e 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pellicul^e 


D 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□    Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


D 
D 


D 


□ 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distc^rtion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'omore  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film6es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm6  le  meilleur  examplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


I — I   Coloured  pages/ 


El 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  ddcoiortes,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  indgale  de  {'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplAmenteire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I — I  Pages  damaged/ 

I — I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~~l  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I — I  Pages  detached/ 

r^  Showthrough/ 

I — I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I — I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmAes  d  nouveau  de  fagon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Th 
tc 


Th 
po 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
th( 
sic 
oti 
fin 

1.4. 

or 


Th 
sh 
Til 
wl 

Ml 
dif 
en 
be 
rig 
rei 
mi 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


7 


] 


12X 


16X 


20X 


MX 


28X 


32X 


Tha  copy  filmad  her*  has  baan  raproducad  thank* 
tc  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grkcB  h  la 
gintroslf*  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  are  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  laQibllity 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacifications. 


Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  4t4  raproduitas  a^fac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  I'axamplaira  film6,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printad  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  originti  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
t.<3n.  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  e  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sent  filmAs  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shell  contein  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  aopiies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  le  symboie  ^^-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Meps.  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  retios.  Those  too  inrge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  loft  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvant  Atre 
fiimis  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film*  i  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'images  nicessaira.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithoda. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

1 


I 


l/vT.  I"  Q>-«-<-*i  ,^j-cr,/i. 


LL  AROUND 


iK^^!©l(^>||> 


9^  .^ 


THE  WORLD 


AN  IL2LaSTRATED  REGORB 


OF 


Voyages,  Travels  and  Adventures 


IN  ALL  PARTS  OF  TRE  GLOBE. 


Mitb  1f3un6ieb8  of  irilustiations, 


AFTER    DRAWINGS    BY 


/.         / 


(ILSTAVK  Wllili,  l;i:iiAIII),  LVXCKLOI',  JILKS  Nuia,  \_\l)  OTIlKii   UlINKNI  AlillSTS 


Vol.  I. 


NEW  YORK: 

SELMAR    HESS,    Publisher. 


Li       I 


:/Ui.' 

Ms.  4 


PREFACE. 


Th.  object  of  "A,.L  RooNo  „,«  ^^fonvu' is  to  «,t  bofor.  the  Btay-at-Home  TraTeller  .n  ox.ot  i».„ 
.nd  repre«entat.on  of  the  World  whereiu  he  lives;  supplying  him  with  that  ready  meaua  of  .cquaintanoe  wiS 
each  Country  .te  Inhab.tant.,  ita  Scenery,  its  Vegetation,  its  Animals,  and  its  Monuments,  that  can  only  be 
atUmed  by  the  eye,  and  accompanying  each  pictorial  delight  with  graphic  Ulustration.  by  men  of  oelebrity  u,  th. 
career  of  Travel  and  Adventure.  /  •«  "w 

We  propose  u,  taKe  our  readers  "All  Rodnd  th.  Would,"  in  a  long  and  varied  traverse;  opening  to  th«. 
the  great  Books  of  Geography,  of  Science,  and  of  Nature. 

How  necessary  such  a  Work  is  at  the  present  moment;  how  little  we  know  of  ourselves  and  each  other—.f 
those  even  who  hve  almost  in  contact  with  ou,selves_may  be  judged  from  the  fact,  that  the  interior  of  even  our 
own  great  Colonies  is  as  yet  T^a  Ir^ynita.  In  Asia,  the  vast  range  of  the  Hin.alayas,  with  the  health-giving 
brecres  of  a  northern  climate,  looking  down  upon  the  sun-burnt  plains  of  India  on  the  one  side,  and  the  sn.iling  pa.^ 
tures  of  Tartary  on  the  other,  were  until  lately  unvisited  ;  China  and  Cochin  China,  with  their  swarming  milUon. 
of  population,  unfrequented;  and  Japan  a  sealed  country.     In  America,  while  of  the  South-east  w.  stiU  only  know 

"Those  vast  shores  washed  by  the  farthest  sea," 
of  the  Centre  and  the  West  we  were  almost  wholly  ignorant,  except  that  they  were  inhabited  by  untamed  savages.    It 
a^faotha  the  whole  of  a  country,  since  pronounced  to  be  the  n.ost  beautiful  in  the  world  for  scenery  .  weU  as  the 
"nide.   .n  elunate,  whose  valleys  teem  with  fertility,  and  whose  n.ountains  abound  with  gold  and  other  metals   and 

to  the  Pae.ho,  was  left  for  two  centuries  in  the  hands  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  as  being  a  region  of  ice  .^ 
snow,  fit  only  for  the  bear,  the  beaver,  and  the  trapper. 

In  Africa,  we  are  only  just  roused  to  the  importance,  not  of  exploring  merely,  hut  of  trading  with  the  tribes 
a  d  nafons  of  .U,  fert.le  and  heal.hfnl  central  regions;  while  Connnerce  no  longer  brandishes  the  bloody  whip  aod 
clanks  the  iron  fetters  of  the  s  ave.  as  she  sails  im  jl,,,  p      u-     .l     .,  .  ^       ^ 

Hook,  „iH,  »  I  f        i  ^  "^"''  ""*  '^""'"«'  ''"'^  '''°  N'g«^  «f  '•"'ds  her  polluted 

decks  with  a  human  cargo  from  barracoons  on  the  fntni  w.  .    ,  .,,>. 

,,  „  P  ,  V      >     •  Western  coast;  but,  with  Religion  by  her  side,  advances  up 

the  Congo  and  Zambesi,  to  assure  and  cei tifv  a  cim,.,„.  t  j     •        ,  &  J  >  -"'-u'-i-a  up 

,,  f.    .••  .      .  ^         '"i"""' '""'« ^^^""ng  than  arms-intercourse  in  connection  with 

the  precious  gift  ot  instruction  in  the  Religion  of  Peace.  """""o"  wiw 

Wonderful,  indeed,  has  been  the  i)n)in-ps«  nf  h;  «„_„       xr    .    •     ... 
,     ..        ,.,    \,.  ,     r.  '"^'"^  •^'-°''v«''.y  effected  within  the  most  recent  times.    Whilst  the  ex- 

ploration of  the  Ni'er,  the  Benawe.  and  the  Zim]  n^\  ;„  a<-  •  , 

M  J  .,     „  .•  ■'i'linhesi,  in  Africa,  reveal  new  fields  of  inquiry,  the  navigation  of  tha 

Murray  and  the  Marrumbigee  in  Australia,  and  of  the  Aimmr  ;„  n      •  .  "v  j,auon  oi  ine 

that  nf  M,«  V       ,     1,-         ■     ^,  •  ^"'"*'  °P^°'  "P  "«''  ""eg-ons  to  the  colonist,  and 

that  of  the  Yang-tse-kiang  in  China,  and  of  the  Parana    tl,«  Pu...  ,         .i      *  j      , 

o  „,,    A        •  „  .  ,  rarana,  the  Paraguay,  the  Amazon  and  other  great  rivers  ia 

South  America,  equally  extensive  rea  ms  to  comiiicrcial  Pnto,T.,.;=»       m  .l  ,    , ,  . 

,  ,        ,,     \'  •■"o"""iiticiaientoi  prise.     Nor  are  the  remarkable  accessions  made  of  lata 

to  our  knowledge  of  the  interior  of  Australia-more  especially  of  the  discovery  of  a  vast  extent  of  land  available  for 
pas  urage  or  tillage_of  less  import  to  the  future.  The  discovery  of  a  whole  district  of  lakes,  and  of  a  region  of  snow- 
clad  mountains  .n  intertropical  Africa,  with  the  exploration  of  the  upper  affluents  of  the  White  Nile,  solves  the 
great  problem  of  all  ages     the  source  of  the  Nile ;  nor  ought  it  to  be  omitted,  that  the  determination  of  the  existence 

ne  iUIvbe  [  b^  T  f  .J  ^""'^"^  '^  "'^  '"^  ''''  ""'  '"  ""^  ^^^  ""^  °^  communication,  which  will 
inevitably  be  established  with  the  lapse  of  time,  between  the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacific  through  British  America. 

Every  care  h^  been  bestowed  in  making  "All  Ron«o  th.  Worlo"  a  work  of  intrinsic  value,  not  only  as  a 

ett^bvl        :  r    ,^''*^7''«'™-'  — '^  landscapes,  but  drawings  by  traveUe^s  themivea, 
executed  by  the  most  able  artists  and  engravers. 


r^'^?^) 


Pnrlfio  N,  W.  H^orv  Dept. 

VlQTOf^»A.  8.  G. 


i  i 


\ 


Q 


CONTK.YTS.  VOL.  I  k  II. 


«■■■» 

FIVE  DAYS  AT  JERUSALEM. 

I. — Jaffa  to  Jkrusalrh.  v 

II. — OvKB  Jeuusai.km,       .... 
III. — In  tub  Footstei'S  ok  odr  Saviopr, 
IV. — Mount  Zion  and  tiik  Jews, 
V. — TiiK  Via  Doi.okosa, 

VI. '''lIK   CllUUCIl    ok  TllK    IIoi.v    SkI'IILOIIIIK. 

VII. — The  Tkmi'i.e  and  tiik  Mosyi'i:  ok  Omah 
VIII. — Round  and  About  Jeuusai.km, 
IX. — To  IJkthi.eiiem  and  to  IIkhkon, 

X. — ^TO  JOUDAN   AND  to   NaZAKKTH, 

SICILY  AS  IT  IS. 

I. — In  and  About  Pai.kkmo,  . 

II. — Ai.oNo  SiiouK  TO  Mkssina, 
III. — Stisomboi.i  and  the  Lii-aki  Isi.kb, 
IV. — Messina, 

V. — Round  and  up  Mount  Etna,   . 

CHINA,  COCHIN-CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 

I. IIONO    KONO,         .... 

II. — Macao, 

III. — Up  the  Canton  River,    . 

IV.— Canton, 

V. — The  First  ok  th.    .Min-gs, 
VI. — The  Last  of  the  i>]  n   s, 
VII. — The  Rebels  ok  China,     . 
VIII. — The  Great  Rivers  of  China, 
IX. — The  Maritime  Cities  ok  China. 

X. SlIANOIlAI,  .... 

XL — Tien-tsin,  "The  City  ok  FBUcnT,' 
XII. — The  Great  Wai.i,  ok  China,  . 
XIll. — Across  China  to  Pekin, 

COCHIN-CHINA, 

JAPAN 

H. — Bay  and  Harbour  of  Nagasaki, 
HI. — Environs  ok  Nagasaki,    . 
IV. — Japani:8k  Domestic  Like, 

V. — A  Japanksk  Lady,    . 
VI. — The  Intkuior  ok  Japan,  . 
VII. — Arts  and  Lndustry  ok  the  Japanese, 
VIII. — Japanese  Litkhature  and  Art, 

IX. SlMODA, 

X. — A-N  Excursion  Round  Simoda, 
XI. — Approach  to  Yeddo, 
XII. — Landing  at  Yeddo,  . 
XIH. — Interior  ok  Yeddo,  . 
XIV. — Tea  Gardens,  .... 
XV. — Round  Kanaqawa,   . 
XVI. — Harikari — THE  Happy  Despatch, 
XVII. — Hakodaki,         .... 

KVIII. — GOVKBNMEKI'   AND   MaNNKKS, 


1 
« 

15 


29 
38 
44 
51 
59 


67 

76 
78 
79 
83 


89 
91 
99 
102 
107 
119 
125 
131 
134 
139 
147 
151 
152 

156 

178 

180 
184 
185 
188 
190 
192 
196 
197 
200 
202 
204 
206 
206 
208 
210 
212 
215 


CONTENTS. 


THE  ISLANDS  OF  THE  FNDTAN  AND  EASTERN  SEAS. 

'• — An    AlHTIllAN     VojAOK    liolNI)    Tlllt    WOKIO), 

II. — Ckylon,      ...  .        , 

III. — NiKUHAK    I8I.ANIIS, 

IV. — TiiK  Anuauan  Ibi.andb 

V, — SiNOAI'OUK, 

VL — An  ExciinsioN  in  Java 

VII. — TllK    I'llll.llTINK    Isl.ANUtI, 

VIII. — TllK  Knciianti;i>  I.aki: 

IX. — TllF    ,Sn,-Ll-UA-ll(l()    1.-<I.A>I1>KK8,    .... 

UP  AND  DOWN  THE  xjJIOOH, 

With  Scknks  in  Ckntrai.  Aj'ia.  Tautauy.  ani»  Sihkuia. 

I. — TllK    CotNTUy    OK   TllK    IvAl.KA^, 
II. MONOOMA, 

ni. — The  Sui.tanh  of  the  Steppks,  .... 

IV. — Tub  Lakk  Haikai., 

V. — Down  tiik  Amook, 

VI. — Ul-   TllK    A.MOOIt, 

VII. SlIIKlilA 

VIII. — LlKK    A.M(IN(i    TllK    YaKUTS,  .... 

FKOM  ASIA  TO  AMERICA. 

Land  ok  tiik  Tchuktoiii,  .... 


219 
230 
280 
285 
248 
244 
247 
2M 
258 


360 

264 
269 
276 
282 
294 
801 
808 

838 


VANCOUVER  ISLAND 826 

FROM  THE  ATLANTIC  TO  THE  PACIFIC 

I. — TllK  Rocky  Mouniain.-^ ,  880 

II. — The  Way  to  tiik  Kucm    Moi  ntains, 888 

IH. ''"llltOLGll    THE    COUNII'.Y    OK     IIIK    Hl.ACKFEET   TO    TIIK    RoCKY    MOUNIAINH,  .  .  .  353 

IV.— The  CoiNTKY  bktwi;i  n  Canada  ani>  15uiTiaii  Columbia, 366 

V. — The  WiNii'Kc;  anu  li;  d  Rivki:   Disiiiict, 890 

VI. AdVENTLHKS    in   the    Ii'diKY    MolMAIN.I   OK   THE    Hauon    DE    W0(JAN,  .  .  .  395 

VII. — The  MiNKK  anu  tiik  IIinikk, 898 

VIII. DeI'AUTUHE    KO'i    TllK    iNlKKlOli, 899 

IX. — Mr  Adventuuks, 400 

CREMATION  GHAT  AT  CALCUTTA. 

BUIINING    AND    E.M'OSUUE    OK    HODIKS    IN    I.MIIA, 


. 


CUHA  AND  THE  CUHANS. 

I. — IIisTOUY — Desckii'iion  ok  Havana — Govkknment — Aumy  and  Navy — Revenuk,    , 

II. — Mannehs  and  Customs — I'lui.ic  N'khici.e.s — A(iuicui,Tuui;,  Tuaue,  and  Commerce, 

III. — Climate,  Scknkuy — VwiKTAiii.K  I'uudlctions — Kiveks — Mountains — Domkstio  and 

Wii.i)    Animals — .Miniiuai.    Riches — CAriiKnuAL — Chukch    ok    San    Dominuo — 

ViCEKEOAi,  1'alack — CiiAi'Ki.  OK  Coi  iMiius — Plaza  dkl  Toitos,  OK  CoLusaicuii 

FOR  Bull  Fiouts, 

TO  CUBA  AND  BACK. 

I. — The  Voyage, '.        , 

II. — Havana, 

Ul. MaIANZAS    and   THK    SugAK    Pl.ANlATlONS,  

IV. — Slavery  in  Ciha, 

V. — Fauewell  to  CuiiA,  ............ 

VI. ClKN    FUEGOS SrclAK    i'l.ANTATIONS — CONDITION    OK    Sl.AVES,       ... 

VII. — The  Havana — lis  Hotki.s — The  Pasko — The  Harbouu  and  the  Quay,       .        . 

THE  SEARCH  FOR  TIHi  I'UANKLIN  EXPEDITK  i.\. 

I. — The    Discovkhy    Vaimii    "Fox"    at  tiik    Danish    SKrri.EMENTS   in    GREENr.ANi>^ 
An    Ahctic    Wim'eii — Ciioss    1!ai  kin's    1!ay — Erect   a    Monumknp — Sail   uowm 
Peel's  Strait — Make  Rkgknt's   Inlet  a.nd   Hki.lot   Sikait — Winier  Quakteus, 
n. — Interview  WITH  the  Uooihian  Esyui.MAi  x — Kklus  ok  Franklin — Captain  Siu  F. 
L.  M'Ci.iNTocK   examines  Ea.st  Coast  ok  King   \Villiam  Island  and  Mouth  of 
Back's  1{ivku — Return  uy  Solth  and  West  Coast  ok  KiN(i  William  Isla.ni> — 
Note  kkum  Lieuienant  IIouson,   .......... 

m. — Return  to  the  "F'ox" — A  Navkjaui.e   Nokih-West  Passage? — Hobson's  Jouk- 
NEY — Cai'tain  Allen  YouN(i's  ■Journev — Discovers  M'Clintock  Channel — ^Thk 

Exi'EDlTIOh     RETURNS    HoME GENERAL    CoNCLUSiONa, 


409 


418 
419 


427 


437 
487 
440 
443 
444 
446 
447 


451 


455 


463 


i 


319 
230 
380 
236 
248 
244 
247 
251 
258 


CONTKXTS 
DALMATIA. 

I.— First  Vikw  ok  Dai.matia— Dalmatian   NAiioNAi.rrv— Ciiuhciik.s  avu  Convknth— 

hoitTs — Kaih'man  SoriKiv, 

II.— Envihon.s  oi    Ka(h;.sa— Ti'uki.sii  I.siands  ok  St.  .Maiik  anh  St.  Maiihaka— Ni  aniI 

11*""  ''^''"**'"""^  •"'  '■*   CiiLosiA— Hay  ok  St.   IIii.Aitv      IU.ii;,sa    Vkc.ima. 
IV      '•^'^''*  ""^   (ii.'AvosA,    (III  Santa  (Jiiock -Vai,  d'Omhi.a     Siiiti:iiI!ankan  Hivkii, 

^^' '^'"K    ''^'"N    •>!•■  TIIK     lilAlK     .Mol  STAINS    -.MoNTKNK.fiKINKS,    Ol;      rcilKICNAIJOUl-  I'llOTKC- 


TOIIATK    Oh     KiSSIA       ('(.NXKCTION     WITH     A ISTUIA-  CoMllATS    WITH    TIIK     FlIKNI.II, 

V. — HoccA    1)1    Caitaiio— I'oiiT    OI     .MuNiKNKoiio— Town    oi-    C 

CaITAUO  -FkHOCITV    ok    TIIK.    MoNnNK.OUINKH. 
VI. MONTKNKOHINI;   Ha/.AA  It  — To  WN  OK  .N  l:i(il«ll  — MoNTKNKOKINK    III" 

tai.  ok  .MoNTKNKduo -.Mi  liiiKU  OI    l'uiN(.'K   Danii.o 

VU.— IlKltZKOOVINA— TkKIIIONH     A.M)     THK     TkkIUNIT/A  -A.SCKNT    OK   TIIK    VkI.I.I:HI0I1  "  KKOM 
RAdf.SA— Vll.I.AOK  OK    UKIKiATO— FOUT    T/.A  HINK— VaI.  1)1     UuiNO        KlMUAfl 

Oi.u  Uaoisa.  .... 

VIII. — A    Dalmatian    Cakk — Kkudai.   Town 
Tkebinuza,  a  Si  ihkuuankan  Rivku 


AITAIIO        .MaKMONT      at 

I  T.s     Tzktinii;,  Capi- 

lOII    KROM 
fUlIS,    OK 


.a 


OK   TiiKiiKiNR— Casti.k   ok   Giiadina— Tiir 
-An  Intbumittknt  Lakk-Tiik  Omhi.a. 

GALAPAGO.S  AKCIIII'IiLAGO. 

1. — Chatham  Islands — Iouanas — Chahlks  Isi  and     Ai.iik.mahlk  I.si.avu, 
II.— Nakbohouoh   I.si.anu— Taci'.s  Covk— Jamks  Island— Hood's  IIai.hoijk,  '         .         '. 
III. — Islands  VoLC'ANio— Colony  at  CiiAUi.K.s  Island — I  am  ks  Island  -SaltLakV.inCiiatk.u, 
IV- — Imi'outance  ok  Ref'tilks  in  the  Aitciiu'ELAiio— Falkland  Islands,       .        .         ] 

CORAL  ISLANDS. 

I.— Atolls  oh   Aiollons-  Litiiotypes   ok  " CoNSTHUCToiis  ok   Wohi.ds"     Submakink 
Would     '  •     al  Rlki.s— IvKKLiNr;   Islands— Cokai.   Fokma  itons, 

II. BOULDKI;    ON    A       "oliAI.    Isi.AND  -  GlJKAT    CUAIl— StKI  CTl  UK    OF    l.AdOON     IsLAND.S, 

II^- — Genehai     I'lioci.    ok   Slusidence  IN  the    I'acikk— Siii  .Iamks    Kmkkson  Tennant 

ON    CuKAl     W.LLS,    AND    TIIK    CoNVEKSION    OK    SaLT    WatEU    INTO    FuESII, 

MALDIVA  ISLANDS. 

Thousand   Islands— P:oi)L'ctions—Atoli„s    ok    Atollons— Fisiiiwi    Blocks   of 
CoKAL— Iniiauitants  and  Lanouaoe.-*— Island  ok  Dieoo  Gakcia  — Comouo  Island, 
SOCIETY  ISLANDS. 

I.— Gknehai    Aspect  of  Tahiti,  on  Otaheite-  Commerce— Lake  ok  Vaihiria-  Gueat 

Mokai  ok  1'apaka— I.si.and  ok  Raiatea— .Macauia— Smam.eu  Islands,      . 
II. — Population— I'lJODicTioNs — Su«ak-can;.  i'i.antations— Co    on— Cattle — Huts  or 
Natives — Chieks — Timber  Trees — Rei.ioion  and  .Morals,  .... 

MOUNT  ATHOS  AND  ITS  iMONASTERIES. 

'• — Ancient   Atiios — Canal  ok  Xerxes — Monasteries — Monastei«t  ok  Lavha  ob  St. 

Laura — Ascent  ok  Mount  Athos, 

n.— Monastery  ok  Caracalla — The  Ciuirch— Monastery  of  Piiilotues,  . 
^' — The  Great  Monastery  ok  Iverox — The  .Munastkry  ok  Stavroniketa — Splendid 

MSS.  ok  St  Chrvsostom — The  .Monasteuv  ov  I'antocraioras, 
^' — The  Great  Monastery  ok  Vatopkdi; — .M(jnastkry  ok  SpiiKiMENoi; — Monasteries 

OF    KiLIAKTARl.    Zo(!RAIMIOr,    C AM  A.MDNETA.     DoTIlEIROU,    AND    XeNOPHOU,        . 

V. — Monasteries   ok    Russilo    and    \.r.i;oporA.MA — .Monasieries  ok  St.  Nicholas  and 
St.  DioNisius — MoNAsiKHiKs  OK  ,St.  I'ait.  and  Simoi'etra — Excursion  t'>  Karyks, 
*!• — Caracalla — Thk  Acoumenus — Curioub  Cross — The  Nuts  of  Caracalla,  . 

THE  GREAT  PLAINS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

I. — Movement  ok   Population   ok  United   .States   Westward — Division   ok  Unitkd 

States — Line  ok  Watershed — Most  Available  Line  ok  Communication, 
n. — Routes  across  the   "Plains" — Fort  .Smith — Sculleville — Choctaw  Indians — 

ClllCKSAWS    AND    CkEKK     INDIANS— ThE    ShAWNEES, 

nX- — Old  Fort  Aruicki.e     Delaware  Indians  -Wakos  Indians— Buffalo  Hunting,  . 

IV. — The  Cro.,o  Timp.kus — I'rairik  Doos — Comanche  Indians — Catching  Wild  Horses, 

V". — The  Dry  River — A  Cknienary  Cotton  Wood  Tree — The  Kioway  Indians, 

VL — Pueblo,  "Town  or  Villaije"  Indians — Ei.  Llano  Hstacado— Indian  Paintings, 

Vn. — New  iMexico — Cerro  de  Tuclmcari — Froniter  Mexican  Town  ok  Anton  Chico, 

Vni. — Valley    ok    Cue.sia — ('anon    Blanco     (Jai.isiko  — Orijan    Rock — Vallkt   of   the 

Ilio  Grakde — PiEiii.o  OK  Santo  Dominco — Pueblo  I.xdian  Church, 

IX' — Arrival  ok  the  E.ypeuition  at  Ai.Br^juERgrK— The  Americans  in  New  Mexico. 

X. — Society  at  Ai  iiiquekque — liuitiiER    Race.s  ok   Apache  a.xd   Navahoe   Indians — 

Pueblo  ouVillage1ndian.s — Hispano- Indian  P.heeds     Valleyofthe  Rio  Grande. 


ptiiii 

4(!9 

476 
47'J 

4H0 

486 

488 

494 

495 


499 
502 
504 
509 


516 
520 

525 


6.S3 

587 
689 


649 
657 

560 

665 

671 

679 


686 

689 
697 
603 
606 
611 
618 

615 
618 

622 


CONTENTS. 


THE  GREAT  PLAINS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA— Continued. 

XI. — The  Indian  Town  ok  Isi.eta — Pueblo  Laguna — TriE  Mono  Rock — Tiir  Ruins  ok 
New  Mexico  and  tiieiii  Okioin,  ......... 

XII. — The  Uesoi.atk  City — The  Camp  bekoke  Zlni— Ruins  ok  Old  Zuni,     . 
XIII. — Salt    Pool — The    Rio    Secco     Petrified    Kouest — UiiNS    on    the    Coi.ohado 

Chiquito, 

XIV. — Defautuhe    kuom    the    Coi.ohado  Chiquito — Volcanic   Cones — Tiik    Woods   of 
THE    San    Francisco    Mountains — Subteruanean    Abode    ok    tiik    Natives — 

Squirrels, 

XV. — Bill  Wii.lia.ms'  Mountains — Grey  Bears- Partriixse  Creek — Turkey  Si'rino — 

Pass  of  the  Aztec  Mountains — Yami'AY  and  Canon  Creeks,  .... 

XVI. — ToNTO  Indians — Cactus  Pass — Giant  Cactus— The  Hkaveu  Vii,i.A<iE, 

XVII.— Valley   ok    Bill    Williams'    Fork— Mountain    Si-rino   and   Indian    Paintings — 

Arrival  at  the  Ilio  Colorado — The  Moiiaves,  Ciiimbhwhuebes,  Cutciianas, 

and  Pah-Utahs, 

XVTn. — Village  ok  the  Moiiaves— Passage  ok  the  Colorado, 

XIX. — ^Tiie    Rio    Colorado — Desert— Dry    Salt   Lake — Arrival    at    Pueblo   dk    Los 
Angeles, 

TRAVEL  AND  SPORTING  ADVENTURES  IN  TROPICAL  SOUTH  AFRICA. 

I. — Walkisch  Bay — Missionary  Station— A  Lion  Hunt — Dkath  ok  the  First  Girakfb, 
II. — ^A  Lion  Hunt — Dkath  ok  the  Leopard — The  Ovamuo  and  Ovamboi.and.   . 
III. — The  Kino  ok  the  OvAMno»— Enormous  Quantities  ok  Game — A  Night  Adventure, 
IV. — Mr.    Andersson    Visits    Cape   Town — Returns    to    Walklscii    Bay — Mutilated 

Hya:na, 

V. — The  Pool  ok  Kobis — Lions  and  Gikakkk — A  Black  Rhinoceros, 
VI. — Siioois  A  White  Rhinocehos — Is  desperately  Woindkd  uy  a  IIi.ack  Rhinoceros, 
VII. — First  View  ok  Lake  NciAMi — Animals,  Birds,  and  Fishes  -  Nakong  and  Lache — 
Ascent  ok  the  Teoge — Harpooning  the  Hippopotamus — A  Lion   kor  a  Bed- 
partner,         

THE  STEPPES  OF  RUSSIA  AND  THE  CAUCASUS. 

I. — Russian  Tendency  to  Colonization — Zapokoc! 

AND  Voi.ua, 

II. — The  Steppes — Fields  ok  Haihat— Classes  ok  Steppes — Ravines 

Nomades — Future  I.mportance  ok  the  Steppes  to  Commerce,  .... 
III. — TheKai.muks  necessarily  Nomades — Kalmuk  Encampment — Kai.muk  Horsemanship, 
IV. — City  ok  Astrakhan — Armenians,  Tartars — Singular    Rksii.i'  ok  a    Mixiure  ok 
Races  -Commkrciai.  Position  ok  Astrakhan, 

V. KiSSLAR      ON     THE     Tl'.UEK A      CAUCASIAN     CaPUA       TiIE      TcHETCHENSKS      AND      THE 

t'lls^A^:KS — Kasakiiuta — Encampments  ok  Tai!iai!s — Ravine  ok  Kaiianv. 

VI. — Derbend  AND  Baku — Caspian  Gates — Pyl«  Ai.uani.k — Scytiiivn  Ai.uanians  and 
Ai.ANi  —  I)a<;hi.stan  —  Peter  the  Great's  Resting-place —Great  Wall  ok 
Caucasus 

VII. — Steppes  ok  Cape  Ap-cihron — Baku,  the  City  ok  Fire- Worshippers — Sanctuary 

OK  Atasikjah — Great  Fire  Te.mpi.e — Islands  ok  Vnu: — Paiisi   I'ii.hrims,  . 
VIII. — From  Baku  to  Tiklis — The  Leschhans — Peter  the  tiiiKAi's  Campaigns — Opera- 
tions OK  Catherine  II. — Visit  to  a  Circassian  Prin<'k  and  Princess, 

IX. — Town  ok  Shumakhi — Miskortunes  ok   its  Iniiaiiitants — Bayaderes  or  Dancing 

Giiu.s, 

X. — Valley  and  Town  ok  Nukiia — Castle  of  Queen  Tiiamara- -Mount  Ei.ias, 

XL — Tiklis — Aqueduct  near  Tiklis — Ca.mels  in  I'ersia — Agriculture  in  Georgia,   . 

Xll. Ivl'IINOIiRAPIIICAl,    AlU.HIVES    IN    TiKI.IS TlIE    NaTZVAL CrOWN    PEASANTS, 

XIII. — 'I'liE  Houses  in  Tiklis — Persian  Ambassador  -State  ok  the    Army — Jermalow, 
XIV.— Georgian  Nobles — Journey  to  Martukphi — Guilds  in  Persia  and  Georgia,     . 

MOROCCO  OR  MAROC  CO. 

I. — Mauretania   .Mugihribu-l-aksa  —  Morocco   Physically   Contemplated — Moors, 
Arabs,  15erbei(s,  .Jews,  and  Negroes — Morocco  Army — Ceuta — Tetuan, 

II. — TAN(ilER    AND    TlN(ilS — DESCRIPTION    OK   THE    ToWER    AND    CasM.E — ClIIEK    MoSQUE, 

III. — Port  ok  Arzii.la — Larache — Al  Kasr  Kebir — Port  ok  Meiidiyah — Description 

OK  Sai.ke  and  Rahat — .Superstitions — .Snake  Char.mkr.s,    . 
IV. — The  Jews  ok  Mohocco-^Wedding  and  othku  I''e.stivities — Renegades, 
V. — Old  Capital  ok  .Mekinez — City  ok  Fez — Coast-way  to  Azamor — Across  Countrt 

to  Morocco — Descrh-iion  ot   Monoci  o — Mount  Ati.as.     ... 
VI. — Port  of  Mo(;ador — The  Moorish  Cemetery — I.mperial  Cjuahd  ok  Negroes, 
VII. — The  Recent  Spanish  Campakin  in  .Moiiot.co — Final  Aciion  in  Front  ok  Tetuan — 
Stubborn  Dkkiunck  of  the  Moors — Retrospect  of  the  Campaign,   . 


IAN  Cossack.i — Cossacks  of  the  Don 
-The  Land  of 


629 
636 

638 


642 

644 
650 


658 
659 


675 

681 
685 

687 
688 
692 


694 


707 

709 
714 

723 

727 

733 

739 

745 

755 
757 
760 
766 
775 
779 


782 
787 

791 
794 

798 
800 

810 


629 
636 

638 


TLLTTSTRATT0]^8.  YOL.  I  k  1 1 


642 


644 
650 


658 
659 


675 
681 

685 

687 
688 
692 


694 


707 

709 
714 

723 

727 

733 

739 

745 

755 
757 
760 
766 
775 
779 


782 
787 

791 
794 

798 
800 

810 


(■SALEM. 

Jkuusai.km, 


THE  Tkmim.e 

I'.lil'SAI.KM, 

HIE  lloi.v  Si;ri  i.ciiuE, 


OK    Si  I 


ViKw  OK  Jehusai-em,  from  over  the  Pool  ok  Hezekiaii 
.IaI'I'a, ' 

LVDDA,  •••.....' 

Rama  (Arimatiika),  and  Kumatimeahim,  .... 

Sakacenic  Fountain,  near  the  Coincil  House.  Jeki 

The  Cmurch  ok  the  Holy  .Skiti.oiike,  a 

Vallev  ok  Gihon,  •         .         .         . 

The  DAMA.-iCirs  Gate.  .Ierisalem.     .....' 

The  Imei.d  ok  Blood,  in  the  Valley  ok  IIinnom,  .'         ]         ' 

Gate  ok  the  IIosimtai.  ok  the  KNKiins  ok  St.  Johv,  at  Jeiusalkm 
Garden  ok  Gethse.maxe.  and  Mount  ok  Olive.s  krom  Jerusaikm, 

Bethany,  

Isaiah's  Grave, . 

Valley  ok  Jehosiiai-hat, !         .'         * 

The  Tomb  ok  David, .         .         ' 

Absalom's  Tomh,  and  Pool  ok  Siloam,    ...... 

Jkw.s'  (Quarter,  Jerusalem, !         !         ! 

Tower  ok  David,  Jerusalem,  ......', 

Via  Dolorosa, .         '. 

The  WAiLiN(i  Place— .Jews  Prayino  at  Wail  o    " 

The  Mosque  ok  Omar — Si-v:  ok  the  Tkmui.e  at  J 

The  Holy  Sepulciirk,  and  Intjijior  ok 

Cave  under  the  Temple  Hill, 

Pool  ok  Betiiksda,    ......' 

Jews  at  Jerusalem.  .         .         .         .' 

Vestiiiule  within  the  Golden  Gate,        .         !         .         . 

Vaults  Beneath  Solomon's  Tkmklk,  and  Remains  ok  Ancient  Temi-'le  H 

Castle  ok  /ion,  .... 

Jakka  Gate,  Jerusalem,  and  Tomb  ok  Kincs, 

A  Pillar  in  the  Vaults  ok  the  Temple  ok  Soi 

The  River  Jordan 

Anotiiek  Pillar  in  the  Vaults  ok  the  Tempi.e,     '. 

Pools  ok  Solomon,  and  Church  ok  the  Nativity, 

Hebron,  with  the  Cave  ok  JIaoiipki.ah, 

The  Dead  Sea,  and  Plain  ok  Jericho,  .         .         '. 

Rachel's  Grave, 

Bethlehem,  

Inhabmants  ok  Bethlehem.       .         .         .         .         . 

Interior  ok  Convent  Mar  Saba.      ."         '. 

The  Jordan  Leavin.;  the  Sea  ok  Tibkuias,     '. 

Nabi.ou.s,  the  Ancient  Siiixhkm.  and   Bethel, 

Mount  Tauor,  and  JIounts  Hbal  and  Gkki/.im, 

Tiberias,     ...... 

Nain, 

Nazareti.,  .... 

Mount  Etna  (viewed  krom  Taurominium),  in  Sicii  y 

The  Chapel  ok  Si.  Rosalia,  near  Paleumo,  in  Sicily, 

liiE  Rock  and  Town  ok  Scvli.a,  Coast  ok  Sicily, 

SlROilliOLl,    ONE    ok    the    LiPAUI     IsIKS.    NEAR    SlCILY 

The  Marina,  or  Sea  view  at  Messina,  in  Sicily', 
Costumes  and   Inhauitanis  ok  Sicily. 
Ruins  ok  AiiuioK.NTUM  ((iiRoENri),  in  Sicily,    '. 
View  ok  Syracuse,  in  Sicily,  .         .         .         . 

Chinese  Boat '        ' 

Paooda  at  Whampoa,       ....  [ 

Hong  Kong,       •        .        .        .        ! 
Tub  Pagoda  or  tub  Rooks,  at  Macao, 


I.OMON  AT  Jerusalem, 


)MON. 


DBAWW  BT 

PAoa 

Th&rond, 

1 

Photo., 

4 

Pliolo.,  Cramb, 

4 

Photo., 

5 

Therond, 

8 

Theroml, 

9 

Photo.,  <  'lamli. 

12 

Therond, 

13 

Lancelot, 

16 

TJieriind, 

17 

I'holo., 

20 

Photo., 

21 

s.r/>,  . 

22 

Sr/iji,    . 

23 

Scfp,    . 

25 

I'lioto., 

25 

I'hoto.,  Cnimli. 

26 

I'holo., 

28 

Photo., 

29 

Iiida, 

;V2 

l.oncelot, 

;i;{ 

Miller, 

36 

&-pi>. 

40 

Photo., 

40 

Hid  II , 

41 

*77', 

44 

Sepj), 

44 

•^epp, 

45 

Fholo., 

45 

liido, 

48 

Ihtiiliiiiin/,     . 

49 

/>'/</«, 

51 

Photo., 

52 

Photo.,  ( 'niitdi. 

53 

Photo., 

53 

Sepp, 

54 

Soviet, 

56 

Ilida, 

57 

Sepp, 

59 

Photo., 

60 

Photo.,  Cramli, 

60 

I'holo., 

61 

I'lioto.,  <  'nimli. 

61 

Pholo., 

61 

Therond, 

64 

Uouiiniiie,     . 

65 

Iloiinrijiie, 

69 

Rouarijiie, 

73 

RoHiirijiie,     . 

80 

Uomiriine,     . 

81 

Huiiiiri/iir,     . 

85 

Iwiiiiri/iie,     . 

85 

Hoiiarqiie,     . 

88 

Dore,   . 

89 

Orandaire,    . 

92 

Sabatier, 

93 

Dori,  . 

96 

X  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Tiijc  Landing  Pi.acb  at  Macao,  .... 

CiiiNKSK  Boat  Wo.>ian, 

CiiiNKSK  Mkhchant,    ....... 

ClIlNKSK    IvADV, 

Tartau  C'avai.ky  (Cminksk  Taejtai!  Armv), 

Night  Scknk  in  A.mov, 

Chinese  War  Sui, ducks  (War  Tigkrs),     . 

A  Chinese  Woman,    ....... 

Chinese  Opium  S.mokkrs.   ...... 

Flower  (I'i.ea.sdrk)  Boat  at  Shanghai,  . 

Cusro.M  Ilor.sE  at  Siianoiiai 

A  Chinese  Travkm.in';  Wiieki.-Harkow,  . 

The  Great  Wai.i,  of  China 

Tub  E.Mi'ERuu  oi-  Cochin-China  and  his  Ministers, 

Residence  of  the  French  and  Kngi.ish  A.mbassadors  at  Tien-tsin. 

Mouth  ok   the  River  Sakjon,  Cochin-China, 

Banks  of  the  River  Sakjon,    ..... 

KiCE, 

Subterranean   Hudiiist  Temple   near  Touraine,  in  Cochin-Chin 
Japanese  Tea  Gardens,    ...... 

Gardens  of   i'he  Fmperor  of  Japan  at  Yeddo, 
Japanese  Ladv,  ....... 

Toilet  of  a  Japanese  Ladv, 

Enirance  to   i'iie  Hav  of  Yeddo,     .... 

White  .Mii.iikrry  Tree,  and  Raising  Water, 

A  Poi-icK-MAN  OF  Yeddo,  ...... 

V^ii.i.aije  in  Jaffa,      ....... 

The  Austrian  Frkjate  "  No\ara  "  off  the  Island  of  St.  1'aul 
Working  Elephant  in  Cevi.on,  .... 

A  Forest  in  Ceylon,  ...... 

iNTKUlOli    of    a    IIli-    in    THE    Isi.AND    OF    IVAR-NlKOHAR, 

ViR(;iN  KoREsi   in  Kar-Niivomar  (Indian  Ocean),     . 
Palm  Tree  in  (inFAr    '  ndaman,        .... 

Volcano  in  .Java,       ....... 

The  Enchanted  Lake  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  . 

AlTACK    ON    A     HrITLSII     W \H    StEAMER    BY    THE    NATIVES    OF    AnDAMA 

A  Native  of  the  Andaman  Islands. 

UlVF.R    AmOOR    and    KlN(i-(;AN    MOUNTAINS, 

A  KiiAi.KAs  Family  on  the  Upper  Amoor, 
View  of  Ai.exandrovsk,  on  the  Hay  of  Castries, 
HuKiAT  Temple  on   Lake  iKEuiiUN,  Mongolia, 
Lake  Baikal,      ........ 

Frontier  Post  between  China  and  Russia,     . 
Yakuts  on  a  Journey,       ...... 

Fort  of  Okhotsk,      ....... 

Si.EixiE  AND  Dogs  on  the  Amoor,     .... 

The  Aiii'.Ai.i  (Ovis  AmmoxV  or  Wild  Sheep  of  Siberia 
Bazaar  and  Fair  at  NEiirciiiNSK — Russia   in  Asia, 
TuNGUSE  Sorceress  and  Naiives.      .... 

Mantchurians  and  Tungusians  of  the  Ti'.ans-baikal  Disiiiicr, 
Yakut  Colony  ok  Village,       ..... 

TuNGUSE  Encami'ment, 

Yakut  Wo.man 

Y'akut  Shamails,  or  Demon  Dispellkus,  . 

Official  Travelling — Russia  in  Asia,     . 

The  City  of  Victoria,   Vancouver  Island, 

The  First  Shot  at  a  (Jriz/.ly  Bear, 

Fight  between  a  r>L..:.  and  a   Bison,       ... 

Indian  Sepulchre  in  the  Long  Grass  Praikif.,  on  the  Saskatchewan  R 

Sai.teau.x   Indians  Fire-fisiiing,         .         .         .         . 

A    PolM'AGE    ON    THE    WlllTE    MuD    RiVER,    . 

Fort  Edmonidn,  on  the  Upper  Saskatchewan  River, 

Rocky  Moi mains 

Chimney  T<ii(  ks  on  the  Banks  of  the  Columbia   River, 
Indian  Slpm. cures  on  the  Banks  of  the  Cowlitz  River, 
A  Canon,  or   Mountain   Pass,  in  the  Sierra  Wah, 
The  Giant  Pink  Trees  of  Sonora,          .... 
Bkaii,  .        .        .     ' 


DRAWN  BT 

Dore,  . 
Ihrt,  . 
D<.  ^  . 

Dore,  . 
Dore,  . 
Franqait, 
Dore,  . 
Dore,  . 
Moriii, 
Granthire,    . 
(jrandsire,    . 
Dore,  . 
Dore,  . 
Tlierotid, 
Dure,  . 
Jules  '.'./t;/,  . 
Lancelot, 
Miller, 
Tlierund, 
De  Bar, 
Morin, 
Morin, 
Morin, 
Jules  Xoiel,  . 
Miller, 
Dore,  . 
De  Bar, 
Jules  Noiil,  , 
Ther^ntl, 
De  Bar, 
Tlierou'l, 
De  Bar, 
De  Bar, 
De  Bar, 
Lainelal, 
De  liar, 
(t.  h'alli, 
(iranilsire,    . 
Luncehit, 
Lancelot, 
Salialier, 
Salialier, 
Victor  Ailiiiii, 
Victor  Adani, 
Victor  Adam, 
Saliatier, 
Victor  Adam, 
Victor  Adam, 
Victor  Adam, 
Valentin, 
Victor  Adam, 
Victor  Adam, 
Victor  Adam, 
Victor  Adam, 
Victor  Adam, 
A.  de  Berard, 
Dore',  . 
Morin,  . 

Dore,  . 
Saliatitr, 
Saliatier, 
Belcoq, 
Felcoq, 
Saliatier, 
Saliatier, 
Lancelot, 
l<inc*U)t,      , 
MiUtr, 


rAQi 
97 
101 
104 
108 
112 
113 
120 
12i 
128 
129 
137 
144 
144 
145 
153 
160 
161 
165 
168 
173 
173 
176 
177 
186 
193 
201 
214 
217 
224 
225 
233 
240 
241 
244 
249 
256 
256 
257 
262 
268 
273 
278 
285 
286 
289 
295 
302 
302 
304 
304 
305 
312 
313 
320 
320 
321 
329 
336 
337 
339 
345 
348 
353 
357 
853 
865 
869 
874 


f 


VAoa 
P7 
101 
104 
108 
112 
113 
120 
12.i 
128 
129 
137 
144 
144 
145 
153 
160 
161 
165 
168 
173 
173 
176 
177 
186 
193 

201 

214 

217 

224 

225 

233 

240 

241 

244 

249 

256 

256 

257 

262 

268 

273 

278 

285 

286 

289 

295 

302 

302 

304 

304 

305 

312 

313 

320 

320 

321 

329 

336 

337 

839 

345 

348 

353 

357 

858 

865 

869 

874 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


The  Baron  de  Wogan  at  the  Council  of  Judgment, 

Group  ov  Indians, 

The  Bauon  m:  Woijan, 

A  "Claim"  in  Caukoknia,        .... 

Gkass  Valley  DnioiNcs, 

The  Baron  de  Wocjan  at  the  Wau-post, 
Indians  of  the  Rio  Colouado, 
The  Cremation  Ghat  at  Calcutta, 

Inhabitants  of  Havana, 

The  V^olantk  (IIikkd  Carriage)  ok  the  Havana, 
Avenue  of  Palm  Thicks,  Lkadixo  to  a  Residence  in 
The  Cathedual  of  IIavan,       .        .        .        . 
Chinese  Cooi.iks  in  the  Havana,     . 
ViKw  of  Havana,  the  Capital  of  Cuba 

View  of  Matan/.as, 

Landscape  in  the  Island  of  Cuba, 

The  Arctic  Rk(;ions — the  "Erebus"  and  "Terro 

Mouth  of  Hack's  River,  .         .         .         .         . 

Opening  of  a  Cairn,  .... 

Relics  of  Franklin's  Exi-kdition,    . 

Snow  Huts  of  the  Esquimaux, 

The  "Fox"  in  Hki.i.ut's  Strait, 

TzETiNiE,  Capital  of  MuNTENKiiuo,  . 

Palace  of  tiik  Ancient  Do(iEs  at  Ka(;usa, 

Harbour  of  Ghavosa,  nkar  Racusa, 

Capital  in  tiik  Palace  at  Ragusa. 

MoSTKNKGRINS,      ...... 

Castlk  of  Trkbignf;,  .... 

GUADINA,       ....... 

RiVKR    TrKBINITZA, 

View  of  Racusa 

Chatham  Island. 

Charles  Island, 

Post-Offick  Hav 

Waterixi;  Pi.ack, 

Birds,  Rkpiti.ks,  and  Vkgetation, 

Albemahlk  Island, 

Whitsundav  Island, 

Bay  of  Mankvai,  Island  of  Vaxikoro,   - 

Oeno   in   the    Pomotu    Ai!CIIIPK1.A(;0, 

Village  of  Vanu,  Island  of  N'anikoro,  '. 

Pinnacle  and  Coral  Rkef,  Bora-bora,  . 

The  Confession, 

High   Peak  at  Bora-bora,        .         .         .         . 

Distant  Vikw  of  Mount  Athos,       .         '.         ', 
The  Agoumknos  of  Ivekon,      .        .        .        , 

Baptisty,  or  Phiai.k  of  Saint  Laura,      '.         '. 

Fresco  of  the  Trapkza  at  Saint  Laura, 
Monastery  of  Iveron,       .         .        .         .        ' 
Bas-relief  in  the  Convent  of  Vatopkdi",  Mount 
Nut-gathering  on  Mount  Athos,     . 
Monastery  of  Spiikjmknou,       •        .        .        . 
F'rksco  of  Saint  Gkohgk,  ■        .         .        ', 

Albanian  Soldikr  of  the  Guard  of  the  Epistat 

Cyprus  Tree, 

Coffee  Plant, \ 

Sculptured  Cross  in  the  Treasitry  of  Karyes, 
Chief  Court  of  the  Monastkry  of  Kiliantari, 
Scu'iTURED  Cabinet  in  the  Trkasury  of  Kaiives. 
Council-gkneral  of  tiik  Epistates, 
The  Prairie  on  Fire,        •■..'. 
Fort  Smith  on  the  Arkansas,  .        [        ', 

Ball-playing  amoncs  the  Choctaw  Indians,    . 
Camp  of  Comanche  Indians,     .... 
Buffalo  Hunting  among  the  Dklawares, 
Camp  of  Kiowa y  I>i>ian8,         .... 
Comanchk  Indiank,     .  .        .        .        '. 

Indian  Hibkoulyfus,  .        .        .        .* 


Charli'.s  or  Fi.oriana  Island, 
Charles  Island,  . 


tios 


IIA. 


I'll 


Ici 


DBAWW  BT 

PAOh: 

.     Petciiq, 

.      381 

.     Pelcoq, 

.      385 

.     Pelcoq, 

.       393 

.     Pelcoq, 

.      397 

Pelcoq, 

.      897 

Pelcoq, 

.      401 

Pelcoq, 

.       405 

T/ienmil, 

.       412 

I'otill, 

413 

Victiir  Adam, 

417 

/■'.  de  lie  mill. 

420 

Xurlel, 

425 

I'elcoi/, 

42!) 

1  .iiiicrliit, 

433 

t.aiicflut, 

44.'i 

I'aiil  Hiiet,  . 

449 

(Tiiiiiilsiri',    . 

453 

Laiici'liil, 

456 

I.aiiceliil, 

457 

Liiiircliit, 

457 

Lanieliit, 

461 

Valentin, 

464 

A.  de  liar,    . 

4(19 

Lniueliil, 

472 

■  lilies  Xiirl,  . 

473 

I.aiicehit, 

4H0 

Marc,  . 

4K1 

A.  de  liar,   . 

4.S8 

Urn  ml  aire,    . 

489 

A.  de  Bar,  . 

493 

f.inicelot. 

497 

/'.'.  '/(•  lU'rard, 

505 

/'.'.  de  Btrard, 

50(i 

/•;.  de  Bvrard. 

510 

K.jle  Bcraiii, 

512 

Riiuijer, 

513 

PI.  de  I'icrard, 

521 

/•'.  de  lleraiil. 

524 

/','.  de  Bviiird, 

529 

/'.'.  de  Bi'raid. 

533 

/•.'.  de  Bcrard, 

536 

/•'.  de  Bcrard, 

540 

IJida,  . 

541 

K.  de  Bcrard, 

545 

Villevicille,   . 

551 

Pelcoq, 

555 

Lancelot, 

558 

Tliemnd, 

559 

Karl  (iirardel, 

561 

A.  Praiisi,    . 

564 

Villerieille,    . 

568 

Karl  (iirardet, 

569 

Pelcoq, 

574 

I  'illerieille,    . 

575 

Miller, 

575 

Miller, 

575 

'I'lu'roiid, 

.'176 

I  aiiceliil. 

577 

'I'll  croud,       , 

580 

liiiiilanijer,  . 

584 

]h,re,  . 

593 

Lancelot, 

598 

Dare,  . 

601 

J.  Ihivaujc,  . 

(i07 

Dore,  . 

609 

Lancelot, 

616 

./.  Ihmiiut,  . 

620 

Lamelot, 

623 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 


H  I 


MooNTAiN3  OK  San  Francisco,  . 
Organ  Rock  near  San  Dominoo, 
Inscriition  Rock  or  *'  Mono,"  . 

Town  ok  Zuni, 

Pueblo,  or  To^vN-DWELLINo  Indians, 
Alcalde  of  Santo  Domingo,     . 
Holy  Well  at  Zuni, 
Altar  and  Ruins  at  Zuni, 
The  Giant  Ckkkus,    . 
MoiiAVK  Indians, 

M  VK    IIOHSKMAN,     .... 

HUl    JK  CiiiMKiiwiiuKB  Indians, 

Ferry  on  tiik  Rio  Colorado,  . 

Bill  Williams'   Fork, 

Game  ok  Rinc  amon<j  the  Moiiaves, 

Arms,  Oknamk.nts,  and  Utensils  ok  the 

GiRAFi'K  AND   Lions,  . 

Pueblo  dk  i.os  Angeles,  . 

Hunter  and  Rhinoceros,  . 

A  Pond  in  Ai-hica  at  Nioiit, 

HipporoTAMUs  Harpooned, 

Hunter  and  Lk^ns,    . 

Hunter  and  Ei.kimiant, 

View  ok  Dekbexd,     . 

View  ok  Astrakhan, 

Tent  ok  a  Kai.mi-k   Princess, 

Peter   iiie  Great's  Hut,  near  Dkrbend, 

Georgian   Hayaperks, 

FiRE-WOU.SHlPPKRS    AT    AtASH-GAH, 

Fire  Tempi. e,  near   Baku, 
View  ok  Haku, 
Valley  ok  Nukha,    . 
View  of  Tiki. is, 
CosTu.iiEs  OK  Baku,    . 

V^IEW   OK   Shi'makhi,   : 
Castle  and  T<j\vn  ok  Gori, 

PoiiCH    OK    LES(iHIAN     HoUSE, 

QuKEN  Tiiamaua'.s  Casti.e, 

LeSGHIAN     \'ll,I.A(iE    OK    UeOIITA, 

Georgian  Costumes,  . 
The  River  1'iiasis,     . 
Acclivity  ok  Mount  Surham, 
Crest  ok  Mount  Surham, 
Mouth  ok  the  Phasis  at  Poti, 
City  ok  Morocco, 
The  Port  ok  Tangier, 
Port  ok  Mogador,     , 
Mountains  ok  Iron,    . 
Serpent  Charmers,    . 
View  ok  Salee  and  Rabat, 
Cemetery  at  Mogador, 
Staist  of  a  Caravan. 


Indians, 


DRil  WN  BT 

Lanceiol, 

Laneel  ')t, 

Lancet  it, 

Jjancf'Ot, 

J.  Divaux, 

J.  LuvatiXy 

Lanceht, 

Lancelot, 

l.uiicelot, 

J.  Diivaiir. 

Lancelot, 

J.  Duvanx, 

Do  re,  . 

])oie,  . 

Lancelot, 

Lancelot, 

Dore,  . 

A.  lie  Berard, 

Dore,  . 

Dore,  . 

Dore,  . 

Dore,  . 

Dore,  . 

Moynet, 

Moijnet, 

Moi/nei, 

Moynet, 

lienuce 

Moynet, 

Moynet, 

Moynet, 

Moynet, 

'I'lirrimd, 

Mill     ,'1, 

Moi/iii'i, 

I'rnnqdiii, 

Moynel, 

Moynet, 

l>ore,   . 

Moynet, 

Mnyiii'l, 

Moynel, 
Mfrpiet, 
Moynet, 
A.  de  Berard, 
Julet  Noel,  . 
Jules  Noel,  . 
Julet  Noel,  . 
J.  Duvaux,  . 
K.  de  Berard, 
Grandsire,    . 
Marc,  . 


PAOI 

625 

630 

633 

635 

636 

636 

641 

645 

648 

649 

653 

656 

657 

665 

667 

671 

673 

677 

684 

689 

696 

697 

701 

705 

707 

711 

720 

721 

726 

729 

736 

737 

741 

74.) 

747 

753 

756 

757 

761 

764 

769 

773 

774 

781 

785 

797 

801 

805 

808 

809 

816 

817 


iiil 
illil 


PAOI 

625 

630 

633 

635 

636 

636 

641 

645 

648 

649 

653 

656 

657 

665 

667 

671 

673 

677 

684 

689 

696 

697 

701 

705 

707 

711 

720 

721 

726 

729 

736 

737 

741 

74.') 

747 

753 

756 

757 

761 

764 

76'J 

773 

774 

781 

785 

797 

801 

805 

808 

809 

816 

817 


STEEL  PLATES,  VOLS.  I  &  IL 


•foPPA, 

Mr.  Zio\, 

1'ai.ekmo,  ...... 

Statk's   I'hison.s  :-;  Sicilv, 

The  Cvci.ops  (Coast  (jk  Italv), 

Cat  Meiu-iiants  and  Tea   Dealeus  i.v  China, 

Rice  Sei.lehh  at  ("IlI^■E^sE  Militakv  Station, 

Calcitta — The  Monsoon,  .... 

An  Elephant  ['"hiht, 

Ckossinc!  a  Tokkent  in   Bootan, 

A  J'kimevai.  Kohest,         ..... 

..    TlMFIKH    Sl.lDK,  ...... 

Lake  Kakm  on-  the   Fkontieh, 

Makl'h  on   Lake  Chaidieue, 

'The  LriiHT-HorwE  Thuows  its  Cheeukii.  IJkam, 

Smiohi.eks'  Cave  (Adhiatic  Sea), 

MoNTENEOlUN    LaDV, 

Sports  ok  the  East— Thk   Hi  ntino   Cheetah, 
New  Sktti.eus, 

LiKK    ON    THE    FnoNTlEH, 

Canoe   Hrii.niNii,       ...... 

A  FiusT  Settlement, 

Indian  Sckne,  ...... 

Cape  Town,       •....., 

On  the  Shokks  ok  the  Black  Sea, 
Mohammedan  Festival  of  the  Mohurium, 


ETC., 


PHOTOGRAVURES,  \()L.  I  &  IL 


-.Ieu 


ISALEM, 


Arch  of  Ecce  Homo 
Jkiusalem, 

Mosque  ok  Omar 

SuwA  Temple   at  Naoasaki   (Japan), 

An  Aztec  Anthjiitv,        .... 

A  Tamholkine  Girl  and  Dancer  (Moorish), 


PAGE 

1 

45 

(58 

70 

74 

89 

15L' 

'Jiil 

2 -'8 

-'44 

L'47 

3:i0 

;ui 

391 
4.17 
474 
488 
5:i;i 
580 
013 
618 
Ol>7 
070 
087 
720 
793 


12 

20 

38 

180 

044 

782 


ziii. 


I     V 


:    I 


?;  ^ 


ill' 


r'i 


I 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD: 

EDITED  BY  W.  F  AINSWORTH.  F.R.G.S.,  FS.A. 


FIVE  DAYS  AT  JERUSALEAL 


i 


1 
j 


VIEW   OF   JERUSALEM    FROM    OVER   THE    POOL    OF    HEZEKIAH. 


I.— JAFFA    TO    JKItUSALEM. 

ITe  wlio  would  visit  Jorusuliiii  ariulit  iimst  do  so 
with  tlie  liiblf  iu  liis  liiiiid  iiiid  tiiitli  in  lii.s  iiciiit.  He 
imist  tliidw  down  tlio  iiiciisiiriiig  rod,  and  lay  aside  tlio 
liistorical  dis(|uisition,  wliiiu  he  visits  the  scone  of  Jelio- 
vah's  just  wratli  audaSaviour's  iiever-endiiig  uicrcy.witli 
tlio  liuslu'd  silence  of  a  penitent  ami  the  reverential 
enthusiasm  of  a  iiilijrin'i.  It  was  witli  such  feelings 
that  we  tii-st  fouehe<l  the  soil  of  the  Holy  Land,  when 
landing  from  the  steamer  at  Jalla,  and  set  forth  on  a 
six  hours'  lide  towards  liamleh,  the  lirst  stage  on  <iur 
journey  towards  .lerMsalein. 

Jalfa  or  Jo])|ia,  liefore  whose  time  stained  and  liattle- 
worn  walls  we  are  now  landing,  ihrmigh  a  dilVieult 
surf  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  cities  in  tiie  wi.>lil.  ]t 
is  ln're  that  Noah  is  .said  to  have  liuilt  the  ark  ;  here 
till  cedars  from  AFount  Lelianon  tor  the  huilding  of 
the  Temple  were  landed  liy  Hiram,  at  the  order  of 
Solomon,  for  conveyance  to  Jerusalem  ;  here  the 
j)ropliet  Jonas  embarked  for  Tareus  ;  hither  came  JSt. 
vol..  I. 


I  Peter  from  I.ydda,  to  re-tore  to  life  the  diaritalile 
Taliitha  (whose  dwelling  may  yet  lie  seen)  ;  and  durin" 
his  residing  In  re,  in  tiie  hmise  of  Simon  the  tanner, 
(there  is  a  row  of  tanner.^' >liops  on  tiie  other  side  of 
the  town),  it  is  hero  that  the  Apostlo  saw,  while  sleep- 
ing on  tile  roof  (just  as  many  ot  the  inhaliitants  are 
<loingat  this  very  moment,  for  the  tops  of  these  houses 
are  all  Hat  and  liattlc'inenteil)  the  vision  of  tlie  clean 
and  unclean  meats;  here  tlii'  messeiigei-s  i  f  the  Cen- 
turion found  the  Apostle;  hence  he  went  further  (Ml  his 
great  mission  to  the  (ieiitiles  ;  and  tradition  |Hiints  to 
tiie  t'oiivent  of  till'  Holy  Jjind  as  Imilt  on  this  ■, erv 
s|iol,  where  Simon  lived.  Ihirnt  hy  .liidas  Macc.-;lia'us, 
taken  hy  Vespasian,  Joppa  was  erected  liy  the  ( 'rusaders 
into  a  titular  county,      (lodfreyof   I'.ouiiloii   died  jicre, 

I  as  some  .say,  though  wi'  shall  shortly  see  his  tmiili 
at  Jeru.saleni  ;  and  the  wails  of  a  donjon  kccji, 
Imilt  hy  St.  houis,  still  remain  :  as  does  also,  sad 
and  douhtthl  monument!  the  vast  inagazine  or  hospital 
where  died  of  the  ]ilagiie,  and,  as  scandtil  says,  of  too 

I  much  opium  administered  (iu  mercy,  as  he  alhges)  by 

B 


i,  I 


AI-I.    ROUND  THE   WOII.D. 


lil 


ilwir  rliii'f,  so  iiimiy  <<f  tin-  victoriciiis  soliliiis  in  tlio 
Kf'IX'll  r\|Mi|lllii|i  111  l'"L;\|'t,  Nnr  liro  I'lissir.ll  lli'l'nrs 
»':ililiiii.'  Ii>  till'  pl.K'i' ,  III!  il  Irii  niilMili'n'  ilisliiliri'  In 
till'  -.I. mil  (ill  imnIiiii  Irnclliii^  «!■  iilliiu  tliii'c  iiiili-s 
In  ll\i'  liKiir  -II  liii|s('"s  «  ilkiii:.  |iiiii',^  Villi  run  sit  nil 
till'  Miiiiiiiii   i>r  an  I'liiMMiiir  ;i   siii;ill  Mii'^r.iiliiiiin  sum' 

li|:irv.  tlir  M-iv  |i|.ii  I',  «!•  :iri'  ;is-.iiiii|,  win  ii'  I'l  i-soiis. 
nil  111  III  rii  nil  till'  u  iiiuril  IhH'm'  ri>;;ilsiis  Mini  iiriiinl  s\illi 
llli>  (n<i';;<iii  lii'iiilrij  sliii'lil  nl'  Mini'l'V.i.  i'nlii|ilriril  llli' 
s<'.i  iiii>n-trr  Hiiil  fi'si'iH'il  till'  r.iir  Amlriiiiii'ila  'I'Ih' 
llu'l.  «rknnw  .  nrvrr  nt'cuncil  miiv  ninii' lliali  (Iw  li'llnw 
IlLllit  lii'l«i'i'li  SI  <!i'nvi;i' («lin  Wiis  linrii  ill  lliis  ilisll'irl) 
jiiiil  llii'  I'r.'iijnii;  Kill,  iirxci'llii'lrss,  Si  .li'i'iinic  liinisi'lt, 
ill  liis  ('nniiiii'iilarii's,  ilni's  nnl  ilisilain  In  nii'iilioii  an 
nril  trailiiinii  as  I'xislini;  in  liis  liims.  A  i'|,'vi'f  wrilcr 
Miirp'sis  tlial  till'  lily  il-i'lr«as  llic  AiiilinMii'ila,  nml 
till-  sra  llinll^li'r  tile  riinliiriall  |>irMlrs.  |lii>  w  in^i'ij 
lini>i'  ln'iiij;  till"  UcMii  Aralis,  « Im  \.,-w  invilnl  to  iiri' 
riMiio. 

The  lnwn  i'*rliarinini:ly  siliialril  nii  a  liill  i'nniiii;;i|i>w  ii 
t  >  itir  --liiili'.  willi  llii'  sra  mi  llii'  «i".t,  miiJ  iit'aiilil'iil 
fl.irilriis  '111  iIm'  I'asl.  Tlir  l,'.iii|i  ii'-  m  .l.ill  i  air  rsliniitiil 
ill    Kill-    liiiliilli'il   illiil    lil'tx,    ill    mil'    Imiiilri'il    nf    wliiili 

all'  I  n-;!'  | Is.  rmislaiilly  sii|i|i|ic' 1  iVmii  sliall.nv  wclis, 

wliiii'w  nil  all  till'  Irri's.  as  wrll  as  vi'mlaMcs,  ai'r 
<liil\  wati'ii'il.  Tlic  I'ilinti.  manu'i'  (Imili  iVilil  ami 
lilnssnlll  nil  tlli<  tl'if,  t'nl'  il  is  A|>lll).  tile  li'Minll,  lll|i 
l>aii  Ilia,  aiiil  till'  |ialni,  Hillstrmi^lv  ini|iri'ss  ymi  «illi 
till'  ii'itinii  nl'  ti'ii|iiial  si'i'iirry  ,  Imt  llii'  a|i|ili's,  pcai's, 
aiiil  •|iiiiii'i's.  i'\in  I  lit'  niiillii  ri\  (iri's,  will  rmniml  ynii 
nl  I  •rxniisliifo.  Frast  vmii  I'vis  ii|imi  lliis  \iri|iiii'. 
mill  tin'si"  nr.liai'ils,  ami  ili'-r  |imiiri,'raiiali's.  L;ni"l 
I'llarilil  !  I'nr  Mill  will  -.m'  linwlicu'  mliiiii  sih'Ii  liiMl 
riaiil  \i'i;i't;ttinn  until  \mi  narli  llu'  N'allcv  nf  llic 
•Im.l.iii  '  .  ■ 

I'ass  tlirniigli  till'  nun  nnlv  irali'  InnliliiLr  Inwanls 
•li'i  ilvili'lii,  :iml  lintii'i'  llir  \i>i'l  sp.ii'  Ural'  it.  aiiil 
linxv  till'  |ii'.i|iln  yatlnr  lliiii-  ^  nil  |ii'n'i'i\i'  llin 
pnMrnnr  :ii  i|  llu>  jiiili;!'  arn  luaiiiij;  i  a-ns  iIhti',  jiisl 
as  Villi  rcail  nt'  tlm-n  scitcil  at  tlin  i^atc  in  llin  S('ri|i 
I  Ill's.  Xnvv  ail'  wn  in  llm  n|i('ii  i  niiiitr.v  —  in  llin 
\i'rv  I'lsi'ft  nt'  Ki;V|it-l'nr  all  almi,;;  tliisjiart  nf  llif 
I'na^t  till'  s,iiiil  lilnHs  in  I'lciiii  ill,'  sea.  ami  ilrslrnys  tllc 
li.'iliii.il  f.  rtility  nf  the  sml.  wntcri'il  a--  it  i'i  liy  iiiaiiy 
jitii'aiii-  iinw  liiilili  n  in  niinuic  pi  rn  laiinns  'I'licy 
^^^y  lii.s  nhuI   is  liiniii;ht  iiji    liy  tlic   nnrllinrn   iiiiri'iit 


*  KuM'iini'-.il  wnli'tn  ili'rivt'  tlii'  iiiiiiii'  I'f  iTo]i|i!i  frnni  .Ttiplii't, 
wllilr  til'  r\i**.ii-;ll  ci'-V'^*'!''"'**"  l"''fl'''  it  to  Inpi'.  iliniulai'f  "f  .Mi'llis, 
aiul  llii\  iir^ni'  liiiit  suili  :i  tnriii  ot'  tlir  ^xuril  ln>I  suits  tin- 
rii.i'tiii'iini  i-ri^iiKil.  wliiili  siL'iiilii's  "  an  I'lmiii'iii'i'. '  .li'pjtii  i-xislril 
wlull  the  IsRulltisi  iiivMiliil  tin-  I. mil  of  I'lliiaMli,  ;iliil  is  iiiriitioiiiil 
a«  Kiiic  till  llu'  Imnlor  of  tlio  tiilv  of  Uaii  (.losliiia,  xix.  till. 
It  n:i>  tin-  o'  U  l>'rt  |>iis.s<'ssi'il  l\v  tlir  Isniolilis  till  lli'i'isl  toniH'il 
till"  liarNmr  ot  I'a'siin-a.  .MtliouL'li  tlu'  |'oit  is  liail  aiuli'von  iliiii' 
pTtxiis.  .lojipa  lins  N'tii  t'piiii  tlu'  tirst  I'rusaiii'  ilowti  to  our  own 
iLi\  tlu' Isiulii  jj'l.n'i' of  pilgrims  piiii^  to  .K'nisali'iii.  I'lii'ii'  is 
still  an  1 1'spital  for  pi  criiiis  till  ro.  lii'i'i'irili'iit  on  tlio  ("onvonl  of 
^'an  Siiliail.T  in  ili-nisiilm'.  aiul  iHiiipinl  liv  S]i:iiiisli  iiioiiKs.  Tin' 
oiiiiiu-nii-  or  proinontitr.v  on  wliirli  tlo]>]ia  is  Iniilt,  is  pioiiir.  sipii'lv 
cr«milb\  a  i-.isllo.  tlu' town  its<Ililiiilly  (iicis  tin'  nor  li ;  ami 
till-  liirKliii;:*  apji-ar,  ln>ni  tin-  sit*  ;tui'ss  of  tin'  site,  as  it'stainlin^ 
U)»'ii  oiH' aiiotluT.  Tlie  must  pioniamt  Iratuns  of  llu'  ai'iliiti'i'- 
tiiu-  t'rom  without  are  tlii'  llitli'iuil  ilonu's  1>\-  wliiili  most  nf  tin' 
biiililiiiiT*  arr  suniiounti'il,  anil  t:;i'  ajipoaraiu'c  oi  ari'Iu'il  vaults. 
Vroni  tin'  stMpiu^ss  of  tlio  >\u\  niaiiv  ol  tlu'  strii-ts  art'  ooiiiifrtcil 
I'v  tliirl.ts  .  f  s'ij>«,  ami  tlu-  nni'  that  runs  aloii;:  the  sea-wall  is  the 
ino-t  eleau  an.)  r<  jnlar  of  tlie  whole.  There  are  three  niesipies, 
a'l'i  llre»-k  am!  .Vrir.er.iau  eonveiits,  as  well  as  tlie  Ijatiii  one. 
N-i  aueieT.l  ru'r.s  reiimiii  iu  a  plaee  so  Iretiuentl.v  ^lestl•o^e^l  in  war. 
T  lit- il.i.  f  Miiiinif:»cturv  is  snftp.  ami  the  iiilial'itanis  are  i*aiil  not 
to  ivctt'O  4,0U0,  of  whom  one-unirth  are  rivJioiu\l  to  lM>tTiriiitiau8. 


I  nf  llii>    Niio.      Il   may    I'O  hcimi    in  t)ii>   Hiiy  of  Acrn, 
lii'^iiis  ii;;aili  all 'ii'saina, -niilli  nf.lallii,  passi's  Askalnii 
'ami    lia/a,   ami    lulls   on    in    ili'snlalin^   wiivi.s    In   tint 
(ilnat    hrsi'il  ilnit   lii's  lii'l wrnii   .\ialiiaaml   AlVieil. 

Wati'f  vmir  Imrsi',  lii'l'me  stall  mo,  at  lliis  nnlilo  Sata- 
I'oiiii'  fniinlain,  willi  its  I'li't^aiilly  nriiaini'iileil  innf 
siip|ini'li'i|  nil  siv  pillai's.  Il  is  llio  mnsl  lu'iiiililiil 
nliji'i'l  in  till'  plai'i' ;  llin  rmiils  ami  niiiiai'riH  tliaf 
siii'i'niiml  il,  llin  Aral)  iiierilianls,  ntnl  llit-  liiisy 
|ii'n|ili',  always  almiil,  raiimil  fail  In  iMi|>ri'ss  ii|inii 
yniii'  iiiimi  a  ri'inlli'ilinn  nf  w  lial  .Vrali  life  liiiisl  liavn 
lii'nii  H  linn  till'  Mnni'M  wi'if  a  o|',i,||.  ami  civilizctl 
pi'iipli'. 

I  sen  you  I  iki"  mil  your  pislnlM  ami  ('xmniiin  tlio 
|ii'iniini;.  If  nvi'i-  vnii  wish  In  \ir  i-nlilinil  xvliili-  t.iiu 
M'lliii.o  ill  till'  i'l.isl.  ynii  slimilil  lai'iy  arms.  Tliny  aro 
till'  arlii'li's  mnsl  envi'li'ii  Ky  wiM  penpln  ;  cmisi'iini'iitly, 
I  III'  o|'|ij|||isl  li'iiiplalimi  vnii  eiii  nHi'r  lliiiii  :  lliey  will 
roll  ynii  l'..rymir  ainis,  .iml  rvnii  iiiiirilci'  ymi-  l''i'niii 
.lalDi  In  .Il  Tiisali'iii,  vmi  arn,  nllmrwisi',  as  sain  as  lin- 
Iwinii  l.nmlnii  ami  riiriiiinoliaiii.  Vmi  liirn  a  lini^n 
man  ami  ImiM's.  ami  plain  ymirsnlf  in  liis  ciislnily  iif 
alimil  a  pmiml  ;i  iImv.  if  Inr  a  Imii;  jniiriiry  ;  just  ns  in 
fmnii'i'  linins  imn  liim,!  post  limsns,  ami  Innk  a  j;iiiili 
llliniiyli  llii'  Lake  hisliii'Is.  'I'liey  will  ask  ymitnliavn 
a  Ljtiaf'l,  lull  vmi  iiiiolit  .is  well  walk  almio  ||in  Slraml, 
nr  any  nllinrliioli  siinnt.al  nnnmlay,  willi  a  pnlii'i'iiiaii 
In  lakn  rati'  nf  ynii.  Tilt'  licsl  fi'ii'iids  fnr  ji  vnyai;n 
tlii'iitluli  tlin  llnly  l,ainl,  nir  a  piinsl  nl'  a  nlnri;yiiian  : 
tlinsc  wlin  .ill'  kiinwii  mily  fn  iln  unnil  ai'i'  ovi'iy wlit'in 
rt'spi'elril. 

I'assino  tlii-mii;li  tlm  ^rei'ii  fmnsl  nf  liaiilniiM,  ami, 
ihi'iii'i'.  tliiniiyli  lliii'ki'ls  nl  I'ai'liis,  vvn  I'miin  mil  at.  last, 
iipmi  a  wiiln  sin'i'ailini;  plain,  iml  a  Hal  ilcaii  Invi'l, 
lull  swi'lliiio  with  oi'iilln  iimliilaliniis,  lisiin;  into  Inli^ 
saiiily  iiiloi's,  iVnni  wliinli  (H'easinnally  slnpn  tip  rocky 
niniinils  ami  liills.     'I'lin  ilay  is  Iml,  llimiuli  tlir  sun  lias 

iinf    Imiv;    1 ;i    up:   tin'   leal    is    lianlly    lu'.iralilc,  llio 

vapniir  list's   sli'.iiiiiiiLj    iVmii  tlm   samls,  ami   nut   upon 

llin    lionzmi   is   tlm  iiiiiaL;!'— llin  pliaiilmii     if  a    lako  I 

]  Ymt   am  iinw    in   tlm   laml    nf    l>aii.      'I'lif    pnasanf   of 

j  Sliai'nli       llie  valley  nl  wliit'li  is  liaiil  liy      Imafs,  as  ynii 

I  may   sen,    tlm     Kovptn  .\lrieaii    eliaiaeti'lislins    of  tlial 

I  vaen.       Oiii'    inatl  is    Iniinly,  Kill    linw    pielurnsipii'   lilt- 

few  vvn  iiift'l. !     Tlic  faiiii'l.  with   a    lairlhcn   scnniiiio|y 

I  iaroci'   iliaii    hiiusclf  ;    the   slow,    ht'.ivy.  ilnw  n  Innkiii;; 

.It'w  ;    the  haiioliiy  Turk  ;  the  slcmlci',  swaithy,  inii.scu 

'  iar,   .itlie  limlietl  peasant-    the  women,  lirariiij;  jars  of 

■  watei'  mi  limit'  lic.nls  ! 

Il.iviiio  t'aily   in  niir   jminicy    passcil  a  fmintain    in 

1  the  .Mnnrisli  style,  suri'iiiimlcil  liy  eypiesses  anil  am'ii:iit 

I  syeanimi's,  the  jiimis  eri'i'tinn  nf  tlm  ijnnil  .Mm  Nahhlit, 

I  a  foinier  unvniiiot'  nf  .latDi,  we  leaeheil  a  villaf^f  ealitMl 

I  Yaziiii,  sitnati'il   tn    the   left  nf  the   way,  on    ii   mount 

all   i;reen   with   };anleiis;   for  wherever  I  hero  is  water 

here,    there   is    venliii'e,  ami,    wlierever  e.-ire   i.s  taken, 

i'\  eiywhei'i'  llieii'  is  water.      This  villai;e  marks  the  tirst 

limir    nf   the  ilislaliee       ( )n    the    right    slaliils  ii  sepul- 

ehral  eliapil.  siiirniimli'il   liy  nine  eitpola.s,  on  (lie  rio|i(, 

as;aiii,  of  whieli   is  ,i  eistern  nr  fountain  with  a  narrow 

mmitli,  wlieretipnii  rests   a  jar  from  wliieli   the  thirsty 

wayliirer    may   ipieiii'li    his   thirst.      Tliis  is  ealletl   the 

"  Kmintain    of  the    I'laiie  tree."      The    elia|)<il    mark.s, 

so  says  tr.itlitinn,  the  toiiili  of  the  I'ropliet  Gail — (iiiil, 

the  Seer,  —  at    whose   instaiiee,    as   we  reail   (-   Samuel 

.\.\iv.  IS),  l>aviil   luiii'^ht  frniii   Araunali   the  Jelmsitc 

the  area  (now  known  lus  Aloiiah)  uii  whieli  the  temple 

wius   aftt'i'wanJs  built, —  uot  the  I'itriaicli  (.iuil.  lis  it  is 


FIVK   DAYS   AT  JKUnSAM'.M. 


llM'kv 

nil  h.\x 
>)(-.  till) 

lljlOII 

liiko  ! 

ISIllll     of 

IS  you 
)f  lliiil 
|iii'  till' 

iiiiii^ity 
l.M,kiii;,' 

IIIIISC'II 

jiiis  of 

tiiiii  in 
mi"ii;iit 
abliiit, 
oillod 
mount 
water 
tiiki'ii, 
lii>  first 

Kl'|iul- 

i'  liuht, 
iiiiirow 
tliirsty 

0(1     till' 

niiii'ks, 

Uail. 

Samuel 

Imsitc 
[tcin|)le 

in  it  is 


ir>{"''''i  •"!•  till'  MOIlM  of  .1  isc|ili  111!  ijirii  ill  111"'  lllMll  of 
l'4;v|''.  ■  mill's^,  ii'<  u  pioiin  wntiT  sM^L;i"'ts,  llii>  lioilirs 
(il    nil   till'  |iil(liilli'llH  Will'  i'lllllilllll''i|.  IIH  W.is    (•\|ilr-<-<ly 

llil      (ll'cl      to    III'    ill    III'    V,  II  II      llliisi'     III'    .lill'oll     mill     .ll'^l'pll, 

,iiiil  lriiMS|ioi'lri|  III  till'  I, mil  III  rroiiiisi' ;  ii  Nii|i|iiisit  imi 
stri'iixllii'iii'il  liy  (III'  I  11  I  llial  llii'  |iiiiUH  M  uv<iiliiiiiii 
|ioiiils  lilt,  Mliiiiit  nil  liour'H  ilistiniri'  I'loiii  llir  Iniiili  of 
(lail,  III!'  toiiili  of  Ni'lii  lliilii'ii,  till-  Holy  Siiiiit  or 
rMli'iiiivli  ISi'iilii'ii. 

'I'liUH  MuriiiiNiiij^,  \vi'  slowly  jo;;  mi  for  iiiiollicr   liiilf 

llollr,  mil  II  \Vi'  ti'llcll  II  Klovr  of  olivi'l,  |ilillllril  ill  l|llill 
riiiixi'M,  iiml  a  |ilaiilalion  of  iiiiillii'i  ry  lii'i's  llir 
rriiiaiiis  of  an  i'iilir|iiisi'  of  iTilaiii  T'li'inli  H|ii'riilatiirs 
ill  till'  I  Till  rrlitiliy,  illlili'llaki'li  at  llif  liisl  i;,',itlo'i  ol 
Collii'il.  Yon  must  mil  fill  In  |iirliin'  to  yoiirsill 
liow,  wlii'M  till'  I M  11  ii'iiliiry  was  iii  its  |iiiuii',  tlirsi' 
olivi'S  ami  llu'so  luiillii'iry  Irris  alforili'il  a  t;ralrl'iil 
sliaili'  to  l>iiiia|iai'ti'  ami    liis  slalf,  wlm   rami'   tliiis    far 


S\iia.  till'  Iraili'  from  I'l'mia  ami  tiiilia  rami'  inl.iiiil 
liV  liiii^'ilail  aii'l  I 'iiiiia  I'li'i  in  raiav  iim,  ami,  llirii, 
Italiili'li      «a.      a       ,l"|i|ilii'.;  |ilaii',  lliiiri'     its     liiriir 

kliaii'  or  ojirii  Mill  .  Ill  \aiils  ami  slori'lioiisi's  fur 
IraM'llrrs  ami  miii  liamli/i'.  I,iir;;i'  Imiisrs  air  mimr 
rolls,  ami  llirii'  i<  a  linrk  ami  A  iiin'oian  naiMiil,  aa 
wril  a  till' mil'  of  wliosi'  lio?,|ii(alily  sm'  nir  imw  |iar 
lakili;;.  I'lUl  llir  sIii'i'Im  iiIi'  liairow  ami  rioolinl,  as 
wi'll  for  sali'ly  ami  ili'li'iiri'  as  for  sliinli'.  'I'Ih'  :i|uari' 
liiwor  111  till'  rii^lil  of  till'  mail  is  known  as  " 'I'Ih' 
'I'liwi'i-  III  till'  l''orly  Martyrs.  "  ll  linnis  a  |ioilliiii  ul 
an  "ilil  I'linirli  Iniill  liy  lln'  < 'i  ii^ailiiiL;  'l'iin|ilars,  In 
liiiiiiiiir  of  till'  sai'i'iil  irlii  -  ol  fully  -.olillii^  niiirili'i'i'il 
in  Armi'iiia.  Wlial  is  now  llii'  niosi|iii'  wiiliin  llii' 
walls  you  si'i'  its  niinari't  lii'twri'ii  llio  |iiilin  Irrri  lo 
llir  li'lt  as  yiiii  ruiiii'  ii|i  llii'  luwii  \sas  uni'i'  an 
(■slalilisliminl  ul  llir  Kni'^'lils  uf  ,St,  .loliu.  I  I'l  i,- 
asrrml  llir  luwi'i   ami  '^a/.u  from  llii-i   aih  aiiLi^^'iuiis  sjiul 


nil  llii'ir  wiy  lowarils  .liiusalii  i  Tin'  iniiHiirrii's  i  ovrr  I  lii'  lir  .1  usIi'IisIm'  virw  of  I  hr  lluly  l,aml,  ami  lis 
lii'ii' iirr  1,'row "'.  for  ilinr  iriiil,  ami  not  fur  (lie  silk  |ilia,anl  |ilaiis,  llial  \\v  liavr  Iiitii  iiMi'  In  olilaln. 
woriii.      Wi'  ail'  too  I'arlv    for   llirir  fruit,    wliirli    iloi's    'I'lii'  jilain  ol  .sjiarou  s|iii'ail.s  liii;;lil.  fi'ilili',  aial  lioaiili 

not  rijii'ii  until  May,  ami   is  viry  sharp,  ami  in  llaviinr    fill  liilori'  iis      from    IIh'  ilaik    inoiinlains  ul  .Imlia  I 

Samaria    lu    tlm     .la,    ,iml    fruin     lluly     <<'ai'iiM'l    In    llii' 


liki'  nil  ovrr;,'riiwn  lilaikliriry  To  tin'  ll'^lil  of  tin' 
mail  if  sua  riiini'l  jiiilli  or  lioisi'  Irark  li  '  rlL;lilly  i'iiIIimI 
half  hiililrn  in  tin'  i,'ii'y  liiliaL;r  of  llnsi'  ullvi'  Iri'i's, 


samly    ili'snt.    uf    I'lilh.lia.       Srr    Ihi'    wliii.'    vlljai^i';, 
(^lilli'iln;,'    ill   I  III'     nil,  a  lull  ^  I  hr  nianv  ili'iliv  iilrs  ul  I  lii. 


lit  iilioilt  II  mill'  ilislalirr,  lirs  llio  \illa','i'  ul  I'li'll  |  niuiililains.  .Sir  iIh'  uaviiii,'  I'urn,  tin-  liai  liy  alna'lv 
hi'i'^jan.  I'miioilliri'  this,  as  ilu  llir  l';i,'y|ilian>,  lii-il  <  in  lliorar  ami  ii|ir  lur  harvril;  llio  laavy  rru|.,  ul' 
l>,i;,'aii,  ami  you  will  liavi  (for  /liit,  or  /I'l/i,  nioaiis  wjiral,  liili  a,  l,iiiiuln,|ilii'.  \uiii|ir  llir  lii|,liii,l 
liiiusi' or  |ilari'  lii'lon;;in;,' to)  till'  lloiisi' 111  I  tii,'iin,  that  '  walkim,'  lii'lin  hi,  lluc-ks,  as  (hry  rilnni  IVI  klni,'  i.i 
i;ri'al  iilol  of  till'  riiillsliiii's.  who  riinlil   iiul  I'mlnri'  I  ho  I  llii'ir  folils ;   Ilii-    ri'a|ii'i'    ii'liirnin;;   IVuni    his    lull        In 

|iru\lniily  of  till'  Ark    of  llio    l,ori|.       U'r    air    noar   to  '  .sum r  you  wuulil  sit  hills  of  ^raii     ami  llio  I  lira-.liiii^' 

.Ashilml    -whi'i-i'  I  111' ra|iluiril  ark  was  ili'|io..|ii'i|  lii'liiii'     lluurs  ami    llio   ii\rn    ilrlviiii;    tlii'   niai'liini's  ("  I  ho  m 


I  la;,'oii  ami  triuni|ilii'il    ovrr  t  lir  iilul      ami    iml    farlhor 
than  an  Imiir  Imin  ( iaili. 


sliaiji  I  hrashlii'^'    Inslrnniinl    haviiiL;  li'ol  h"  i  I  aiali  .xli., 
jri)  ovi-r  llir   lirni--iil    ;,'rain.       lint    unr    huisr,  await  lis 


I'assiiii,'    Siiia|ii'ml,   a    |iiiiir    \illa','i',    ami    its   rililious  [  iil   llio    ruiiMiil     ljiIo   ol    Ihr    ^'uuil    I'Vaiii'L^raiis.      'I'liry 
ai|iii'lui'l,  aliiiiil  a  niuskrl  slml    In   llir  rit,'lit,  wlirrr  llir  I  liavr  rr'ailll   llir    ulil    huii  r   riillnly,  all    lull  mi"  ruuni, 


|irii|ilii'l  •Imias  is  s.iiil  In  hr  liiirlnl  a  liirt  wliirli  llir 
|iious  .Mu.ssiilni.'ins  il|s|iuli.  whin  lliryslmw  his  Imiili  at 
Ninrvrh   -wi'i'iiinr  ill  sii^lil  uf  I  lir  wislinl  fur  liiwrr ami 


wlii'l'i'    r>iina|r   I'll'    .slrjil     w  hrii    I unsliliilnl    Itaiiilrh 

his    lii'ail  i|Uarlrrs.        ,\ul  IiIiil;  t  linrluir  rniialns  uf   llir 
illsr     of    .liisl'jih    of    A  I'inial  lira,    rM-rpt,     only     ijjii    ,-.il(! 


minarrts  of  lianilrh,  llir  Arinialhca  uf  Ihr  Si'ri|iliirrs,  !  un  wliirli  wr  arr  now  slamlin 

risin;;  u|i  fmni  a  wimil   of  ulivr  trrrs,  wliuso  trunks  i;rr 

nliout.  as  lliiik    as  tliosr   uf  |iiillaril  oaks.      'I'lm   naiiii' 

now  ;{ivi'ii  iiii|ilii's  Ihr  I'ily  of  llir  Saml.      It  is,  inilrril 

a.  I'ity    of  iliist    anil    ashrs,    for   thr    iminmlM   of   firry 

ruhliisli  that  lir  alimit    in   Ihr  narrow,  rmokril   strri'ts, 

art'   till'  ilrii'il   hrs  of  suap  farturii'S,  ami    the  slif^hlrst 

wimi  liliiws  thrill  alimit,  so  nimh  su  as  to  lilimi  a  larf^r 

|iriipmtion  of  thr  |)ii|iulatimi.      Wr  haslrii  to  thr  Latin 

('mivi'iit,  a  larfjr  liiiihlin;;  wiillnl   rmiml   for  sali'ty,   lis 

arr  all    I'mivrnts   in    thr  rast.      'riirri'    wr    tiiiil    shrltrr 

iiml    rrlVrshmrlit,    I  hanking;,    thi'ri'U|iiin,    thr    ^{ooilnrss 


'I'lir  joiirmy  arriiss  ihr  frilllr  |il,iin  uf  IIjimIi'L  is 
ll|i|irrssi\l'.  'I'llrrr  Is  ,|  ...irurru  111  Ihr  ijillrl  dr.-  Iir.il, 
kiml  ;  uiir  vrry  rjul  Ins  arr  iliy  ami  hul.  i'  i-.  llir 
smilli  wimI  uf  .lull  (.'ix.wii.  I")  lli.it  "  i|iiirli-i  K  i!i,- 
rarlli."  Thr  liirils  liavr  .smi;;ht  llir  .,|iaili'.  T'lrM'iv 
air  is  wrak  ami  laii;;iiii|  with  liral.  .\  n  liuiir.iiio  m'li.iil' 
III  innsustii  l!rrra(llirili'srrt)a  imiilrin  \  lllai;r,  ;m  li:  rnli  i.^ 
nil  nirlmil'irs.  An  hour  flirlhi'i'  ami  wr  rrarh  a  s|iul. 
wlirrr  a  \  illaL;r  llrstlr.s.    (  )ll  thr  hit  ihrr.irtllsllrllL'rsslluW 

Ihr  ilrrli\  ily  uf   llir    llr^t    ri|i|ih.'    in    wliirli    liir   plain 
lii'i^ins      lu    a-rrml     luwanls    Ihr    niminijih:.      'I'lii.s     is 


uf  I'hilip  thr  ( ■ 1,    hnkr  of   l!iiri;u' ily,    who   fmimlnl      Kiiliali,    ur    llir    I'lly    uf    IJuast     .Mr,,;,    ,ilir    !■      I.    or 

it,  as  wrll  as  till'  kimlnrss  ui'  thr  vrnrralilr  liruthrrs  fri//lril  klilliulis,  as  Ihr  Krili^h  traM'llrr  will  I;nows, 
wllu  oll'rri'il  us  thr  wrli'miir  solarr  of  so  r.xi'rllriit  a  i  lirinn  small  pirrrs  of  mrit  maslnl  mi  ii  skrwrr,  lln; 
vi'past.  How  ilrlii'iiius  thr  shrllrr  fmni  thr  sun  with  only  roast  in  ihr  Turkish  mukirv  Imiiks),  i.ni!  in  this 
which  this  pillarril  rurriiloi'  pro\  iilrs  us  1  How  cool  '  \  illai^r  wr  liri^lii,  for  llir  liist  llinr,  lu  n.'rl  with 
this  slmir  lloor ;  Imw  rlran  that  wliilrwashril,  arilinl  riimlni.si'rnrrs  of  Sainsun,  wliu^i'lihih  plar.  .\s|ii|ui|, 
roof  with  its  fi'rsi'ors  of  St.  .losrpli  '  lliiw  ;;ratrliil  is  not  f  ir  ili-lanl.  Thr  Aiali-  lia\  r  a  cm  iu  ;  ,  h ',;ri|il 
till-  look  out  fmni  thr  cloistrrs  into  thr  ;;,iiilrns,  that  i  about  this  plan;, 
palin  tier's  sliiulr,  anil  that  lar-sprcailin;;,  thiik  Iravn 
vine! 

Kiimlrli     is    a     town     of  .smnr    siw,    ami    has    ,'!. 1)0(1  '  Malik  ;  tlial  Kanmli  iiml  K.inili'li  liavr  nnt  tlir  n-nnn  siirnil'ii' 

ililialiitant.s.1      NVlirn  thr  piratrs  of  thr  Mi'ilili'rrani'aii  i  !'"'".'''!  """I'''>''"  a  ptii",  "liil"  l:a"':ili  imiili.".  u  l.ma lilll, 

,,,.,,  1     '.   .     !■  1  1  ,      ,.  i  liat  it  lias  lii'i'ii    iisllv  ii-iiiark'cl  lluit.    .Miii.li'ila  s   st.ili'iiii'ul,   iiiav 

hunti'd  out  Ihr    mrl'i'liallts    .ships  iilmi-  thr  sra  coitst  of  '  „„,,„,  „„  ,„„re  M„„-,l,at  Salainiaa  nliiiill   llir  ti.wii.  nn.l   wilii 

ri'i.'ai'l  to  till-  Tiaiiiii   it   caiiiint.  lie    issuiiicl  thai    Hi'lin-w   pitptT 

'  I'roti'ssor    Kaliiiisaii    ilis|iiiti'S    llii'    iilnitity    nt  Ilaailili    witli     naiiii'S  wiir  aUvavs  so  ^i_'l^t:l■.lllt.      Inili'i'il  it  is  (.'iiii'ially  mlinit  h'l 

AriiniitliL'ii.   '*  ii  rity    uf  thr   .Ii'us  "    arroriiiii;:   In    Laiir,   'in   tin-     timt  I>r.    U"lii'tts'»ii's  '.lijcrtiua-i   It  ivi-  nut   ilt-struyiMl    I'llhrr   tin; 

(rmuiiils  tliat  Aliiill'i'ila  iilli');i'<i  ltainli;li  In  liavr  hnn  Imilt  al'liT  tlir     tniililiuii,  ur  tin'  i;i'"aMiU  tiir  fallow  in^'  lln'  ii«ii;il  cuarse  of  dcsirib- 

tiiiii;  uf  M  iiliaiiiiuiul,  ur  ubuut  A.   u.   710,   liv  Salaiiiiaii   Al)  1-ul-      ini;  Kaiiilrli  a.i  n  prcsi  iiliiiu' lliu  itiicieiit  Ariiaatliea. 


# 


,-»)»»« ■.»      r 


ALI>    ROUND 


Ill  llu'  Icjieinl  icI'iM led  1(1,  it  is  imt  ililliciilt  lo  detect 
;iii  Aiali  vciiiiiiisci'iii't'  of  SaiiipsonV  .'iiM)  t'uxi's,  with 
Inrclii's  to  tlii'ir  tails,  liy  iiu'mus  of  whicli  li''  rfv<'in,'rd 
hiiiisi'lf  U|Hiii  till'  riiilistiiii's  (.ludiji's  xv.  t,  .")).  ANnii; 
iiy  the  smitli-wc-'tci'ii  side  tin'  siu]i('  is  |)i(  rifd  with 
.■JiibtiTiiitiiMii  uiii^.iziiii's  tor  Jjriiiii,  iiiid  tlic^  iiuiiiciinis 
openiiijjs,  iiivc  wrll-lioios,  IratliiiL;  to  tliom  aic  dau- 
^jii'ous  traps  fur  liniscs.  We  next  reaeli  Aiiiwas  or 
Kiiiiiiaus,  "  Hot  liatlis,"  also  ealleil  Nieopolis,  Imt  not 
tlie  Kiiunaiis  of  Luke  (xxiv.  l.'!|,  wliere  ( )iir  Saviour 
met  liis  di>eiples  ju  tlieir  diseoiisnlMle  walk  at'ler  his 
orueilixinii.  'I'liis  is  I's  miles  fiom  .lerusilriii.  and  the 
diseipU's  could  seaively  have  walkeil  (hen-  and  hack  lo 
Jerusalem  the  same  ilay,  espeei.diy  as  ■■  the  day  was 
t'av  spent"  lietore  they  "sat  down  to  meat.'' 

The  eounlry  now  is  lu'okeu  up,  ami  the  mountains 
u'ladually  rise  in  front  of  us,  AVe  are  last  a^ceiidiui;. 
The  roail  liejiins  to  he  ruj;;;ed,  and  uradiialiy  narrows 
into  a  iiu'iv  valley,  tlu'ii  to  a  defile. 

Two  miles  south  of  Amwas  or  Kmmaus  we  eome 
U|ion  l-alrun,  or  the  'J"ow  ii  of  the  'I'liief,  situate  on  a 
•■ouieal  mound,  commaiidiui;  a  wide  jirospeet,  ami 
crowned  with  the  ruins  ola  laii^ealiil  strong  fortress  — 
from  wliieh  Jallii  and  the  Miditemnean  eaii  l)e  .seen. 
It  wa'*  H  strong  niililaiy  po-t  in  the  old  time,  enm- 
mandiiii;  the  road  from  .leiu>aleni  to  the  si'a.  It  i.-- 
oalled  the  t'astle  of  Hiiimaiisliy  St.  .lerome,  and  after- 
wards the  (".otle  of  the  (luod  Thief  Here  is  the 
leirend  It  is  here  the  g'lod  thief  was  liorn  and  dwelt, 
and  made  his  living,  like  the  Imrons  of  the  Khiiie,  liy 
rohliing  tlie  passengers  up  the  \allev  (Wady  Aly)  le.id- 
mg  to  .lerusalem.  One  day,  the  Ilnly  Family,  while 
|ias^ing  this  way  in  their  llight  into  Kgypt.  were  stopped 
liere  liy  this  thief  and  his  eomii.,uions,  ainl  recpiired  to 
pay  a  ransom.  ])imas,  tor  sueli  was  the  good  thief's 
name,  was  so  touehed  liy  the  graee  of  the  Divine 
Infant,  that  he  proteeted  the  Holy  f'liild  from  the 
lirutality  of  his  aeeoinpliee  ;  to  whieli  gootl  inspiration 
IS  attriljuted,  liy  tradition,  the  speeial  fa\our  of  that 
thief's  eonversion  at  the  moment  of  his  expiring  upon 
the  C'ld.ss,  while  the  other  died   in    iin[ieiiitenee  to  the 

lil-St. 

Thin  also,  is  the  site  of  tlie  Mudin  of  the  M.iecabees: 


THE   WORLD. 

it  is  liere  that  .'iidas  MnornliPils  eoni|Uereil  fJorgiuH, 
tiie  lieiiten.inl  of  .NiiMnor(i.  .Maiealnus,  iv.,  ;t).  Heri', 
too,  the  (,'rioadeis  had  a  eamp,  and  here  wa.s  the  last 
aiKanee  post  of  our  own  liieh.ird  ( '(lair  de  I. ion.  He 
eanie  no  ne  irerto.lernsideiM,  Imt  ii'turnedio  Keeaptureil 
on  his  roiid  lioiMi',  .\  little  to  the  rii^dil  lies  a  village, 
where  the  Tomli  of  Sam-on  was  said  lo  ha\e  lii'eii,  hut 
i.s  not.  h  lay  liel  ween  /oiiih  and  Kshtaol.  The  site 
remains,  as  do  the  ripeiiin:,'  (ields  of  eoin,  and  the 
nolile  foiinlain  from  whieli  the  women — us  oft  diil  the 
mother  of  Saiii-on  —may. even  now. lie  seen  eomingwith 
their  full  pili'hers  lialamed  on  tlii'ir  heads, 

lieliirniie,'  to  the  io,id,a  short  half  hour  lirings  •  s  u|ito 
the  "Well  of  .loll,"  (.\yiiali)  a  deep  fountain,  or  shallow 
well,  iiliout  liM'j'eet  ill  diaiiieteraiid  six  Ivet  ill  depth,  eon 
tainiiin  alioiil  three  or  t'oiir  feet  of  wati'r,  liy  no  means 
tempting  to  the  .(i;;hl  or  taste.  This  is  eonsiderecl  the 
half  way  lietweer  .jalfa  and  .lerusalem.  W<!  are  now 
follow  in  ^'  the  itiiieriliT  of  the  .\rk,  wliieh,  when  restored 
liy  the  rhill.--tiiie-  *'  oiii  I'lkroii,  was  taken  liy  the  iiii- 
lii'okeii  and  iiii<,'ui(Ied  kine.  harnessed  to  the  eart  eontain- 
iiig  it,arros>  the  pl.nii  to  I'lethshemesli  (1  Sum.  vi  ,  10, 1  J), 
wheliee  the  'enilied  inhaliitallts  eonveyed  it  to  Kir- 
jalh  jeaiim.  The  stones  liy  the  well  lieside  whieh 
we  are  now  standing,  are  rei'arded  ^y  the  Jewish 
pilgrims  as  marking  the  threshing  Hoe  of  Joshua  of 
liethshemesli,  where  the  Ark  tirst  halteii.  The 
streamlet  tlowing  from  this  well  now  waters  a  Held  of 
gourds.  This  is  .Slid  to  lie  the  lioundary  of  the  trilies 
of  Kphraim  and  ISenjamin, — the  well  ami  water.s  of 
Nephtoali  marked  down  liy.fo>hua  (xviii.,  l."!). 

Heiiee  we  follow  a  iiariow  valley,  harreii  and  roeky, 
into  whieh  numerous  other  minor  valleys  trend. 
The  road  is  everywhere  roeky,  and  strewed  with 
stones  that  enilanger  our  horses"  linilis,  and  plough  up 
with  deep  ravines  a  mass  of  eolossal  stones,  heajieil  U|) 
oil  eaeli  other  as  if  liv  some  niiglity  Titanie  ma.sonry. 
The  seeiie  is  one  of  dreariness  iind  desolation.  We 
have  lieen  three-ipiarters  ot'.in  hour  in  this  ravine,  and 
now  the  road  opens,  the  valley  lieeonies  le.ss  abrupt,  and 
we  find  oursehcs  iu  a  kind  of  h.iMii  amongst  the  roeks, 
under  a  green  eliim[)  of  oaks — a  delicious  retreat 
and  haltini:  plaee  for  refreshment.  A  ruined  kiosk 
stands  near  this  t'ountain  :  this  is  tlio  tomb  of  the 
Iniaiii    Aly,  from  whom    the   valley  takes  its   name. 


J 

f 

•    / 

f 


.i*. 


LfOOA. 


FIVK   DAYS    AT   .IKFU'SALKM. 


11. ■!•.■, 

lif  last 
I.      He 

)it\iri"il 

.'II,  liiit 
III'  site 
illil  (111' 
>li.l  llii< 
iij^willi 

■    S  ll|ltll 

.-liiillow 
illi.i'i'ii 
I  incalis 
ml  tli<' 

lll'f    IlllW 
I'Cltlll'I'll 

the  III! 
(.'oiitiiin- 

..lo.i-.'), 

to  Kif- 
!(■  wliii'li 
.  Jewish 
(ishilik  >>f 
,1.  The 
I  liel.1  of 
lie  tvilies 
«atel!(  of 

)• 

ml  rocky, 

vs    tveiiil. 

Ai'il    with 

iliiUL;h  up 
(■iipeii  up 

luiisonry. 
mil.  W« 
iviiie,  and 

inipt,  iiiid 

ihu  riieks, 
ret  rent 

led  kiosk 
)    of   llio 

its   name. 


M' 


I 


RAMA    lARlMATHEA). 


l-V;^;:! 


^A 


;*^"* 


wiiidows — a  .striiii^i'  liiixtiire  of  the  ('ni-iiders'  lime, 
ilrdhaled  to  llie  I'mi  lids,  iilel  imw  m  sliil'le,— ii.s  IVoiii 
ils  iiKiral  resemlilaiire  to  A  ii  .1  l"illi,  the  iiioiinil'ill 
.scene  of  "  .IriTiiiiair.s  lnmi'iilal  i.'ii-.."  Tweiit y-oiii) 
years  ii^o  the  .\liii-(  iliii^li  nf  lli.il  prriiMl  ciiiiiiiifiiided 
l(i,(M)(l  ,\ralis,  ami  ii'lielleil  iiu'iinst  iiis  soverei;,'!! 
liiim  Iiaiiih  h  tn  .It  riis.ilcin,  and  finm  llclniiii  to  the 
nouiitaiiis  of  .liiiclio  'ilfcre  are  stid  sixty  or  seventy 
uieiiiliers  of  this  family  reinainint;,  liiil  the  Turkish 
i;overiimi".it    tiiok    tin  in  in   hand    in   ISI<1,   .sii/rd  the 

^..s»  rffl..,^, .  _- 1  Lilanil   drlim|iielit>,  and    sent    them    to  (  iiiistanliiiople. 

lifc' *.'  jf" '-■'**''''   '^oiiii'  (if  llic-r  dii'd   in    I'liiiher  liani^limeiit ;  one  only 
has    returned,    aiN-r  ye:irs   ul'   I'Viialrialinii,    tn   private 

life   and    painful    le^pci-t    for   oihcr   | pie's   purses,    ,i 

^.uldeiied    and    an    hniie^t   man.      Seme   day   ere    hin;{, 

10 


,(«K<^r^.  W  ■ '  ii  ;^  I  II  [E    perhaps,  tlnie  may  he  an  Ahii  (iliiish  limirinij  at  tin 

»Ii*">^    *'^' Miifi    I    N    '""id  of  a    prii>peetiis  tiir  the  mercmtile  develnpinent 

B^,      f  the  Hilly  Land  liy  .i  railway  troiii  Jalla  In  liaiidi  h, 

•^    with    lir.im'his   Id  Jern.sileiii    and    I).iniasens        Mn.ii 

now  tlie  Weill  Idi'st  of  the  family  i>  l:iri;ely  inleresied  in 

'      '    -niip  hnililij;,  W  llieh  (tell  it  Hot    ill   (  i  ith    I  is,  l|iiW-a-ll  lys, 

>nu  of  the  priiii'ipal  .iinl  must  lli>ni'i.-.|iiu;;  mannlaeliin  s 
>f  the  eities  '.'f  I'.iK'^i  inc. 

Tills  KirjatlijiMiiiii  i>  iiin-t  piiilialil\  f!iiimaiis,  uhi-ie 

■  nr  i^avloiir    lirnke    hiei  d    with    the    dlM'iple.-.   (I,ulve 

\xiv.  ;ilt).'    It  is  just  three  hours'  ride  fmni  this  plaeit  to 

KIRJATHJEARIM  leiiiNMleiii,  down  hy  a  lolli;' ile>i'ellt  to  Kilstnl,  a  ruined 

I'nrtupon  a  hill — wlieiiee  may  lie  seen,  lii^di   nn  a  liill- 

liip,  and  lieiiiliiiL,'  over  the  vallev  nf  tliet  Jil iiile>,  Nehi 

Passing'  (lie  kiu.sk,  we  pii.sh  our  hoise.s  up  to  the  Sunmel,  the  (omh  of  the  proplat  Saninel.  siid  to  he  tlio 
culininiitini;  point  of  the  valley  hy  a  .steep  ami  rn-i;'ii  It.iniali,— in  llehrew,"a.s.semhly  plaee"-  ollhat  I'lophet. 
path, out  ihroii^lielnmpsot  eaitils.  aliioni;  huge  l,uiildei>  .\tter  tlil>  we  hiive  a  steep  de.^•ellt  and  a  -lipperv  path 
.s(_-tiUereil  over  tl'.e  loeky  .sides.  ,<till  |■i>in^'  upon  the  down  to  ( 'ohinia.  It  wa>  here,  in  all  proh.'ihility,  that 
ridire  we  . -01111' to  the  thicket  of  olives,  wherein  lies  all  I  b'/.za  put  hi>  hand  upon  the  Ark,  liir  the  steep  is 
uneieiit   desolaie  villaL;i'.   Siris,    hv    wliirli    the  Ark  of 


tlelimah  pa.s.sed  over  to  Kirjathjearim,  and  where 
J^ivid  is  .said  to  have  taken  rerii,;;e  lioiii  the  wrath  ol 
Saul.  Another  hour,  over  an  undnlatiiij.'  road,  always 
rising — lor  we  must  reach   to  i'liU    two   tliousund  leet 


'  Kii'j:illi-nariiii  si;.'iiiru'il  "City  ol  l'"ijri>ts."  'Ihe  fir«t  p.irt 
at  till'  iiiiiiii'  A'(oy/'"/-fi-l'.imlj,  sii:iii(ios,  like  Kirjutli,  "eity"  etily, 
"jiiirim,"  turi'sl!*,  lias  liteii  rir.iiiyiii  to  "I'lial),"  i.'i':ipis.  So  cliwo 
:i  iuirr>|iiiiiiliii<',.  ui'  ii;iii!i.  mill  |iiKiiiim  sei'ius  In  jii^iily  Ih,  Itoliiu- 
auu'b  ci*iK'lu.->ioiib  111  tuvuiir  of  till.'  iiji'ntity  ot"  tliu  twu. 


ALL   ROUNK  TIIK    WoRLD. 


tdi'kv  iiihl  .Ivnidt'iil  (or  II  I'lirt  :  jiimI  d..  ,■  ,ii  ImimI  Imiv.  ,  II       nVKI!   .II'.I!  I'^AI.I'.M. 

'';•  ;' "•  »•;'•<■<'"•  ^i'v"  '''/i'"  'i'"  i.i,,..- n,,..,.  ,,i'     .1,,,, -,,,  „,,,;,,„ii„,  m| ;.MHiiiis-  /i ,,.1  Ami 

Ni.rlhmali.l    iIh.  h..M>r   ,.l    ( )lir,  ..!..,„         \l   C.l ,,   »r  ,„,    ,|„.    „,,,      y,,„.|,,,,    ,  „  i,  |,  0|,|„  1)  nil    llir  kuuiIi,  ;.ml 

■^'"1"'  ''•»   ';■■'•  '"'■;'-"';'"■    ""■-'■-■""I  '■vnnnir  ll,.'  |.,,,i„.„l;.   m,  il„.  nuitl,;   .{..li,,.  .1  ..ii  thnv  hmI,..  I.v  .l.vi. 

-• I'l'i'luv,  Willi  loUM.I  uivli,ll„.|„i-rnMMs,,vhl..iillN  ^,,11,,,,,,   ,,.,vi,„.s  -.|,.|i,«lm|,li;,l,   IliiiM. ninKiilinn; 

rxt,..,,linu,  lIlMl.lr   |.n,,|.  n.Mln.l.l''ll«   l-Mlllallls.        ||„.„.  .,,„,    •,,„     ,,,,„„|,,,.    1,,    ,j     ,1,,,,,,    ,|,,,i|,,      ,|„,  TVIUIMIUM,     or 

Mivili..  «M,k,ol  ll;„ln,,M  til,.  lM,i|uior.     I  ,.M,vloi«nnl  Sin, I  ol' tl„.  ( •|w..s,'.i,ioni."'rH,  roimiii- wiml' wns  om.m,  it,s 

III.'    piilli    \Mii,U    il|,   II    n;,1,;v    1111,1     sl,y|,    IllIN,    oN,.r    a  ,„^,|„   .,,,,,.,,  ,|ivj,|i„j,    tlir  TriMl,!,'  tV,,lii  Xioll       i-  nisilv 

wi.M,.  ,il  liivaiA    r,,.'Ls.       In,    l,.i|.,.    ;,i„l    «,;,i>    pii^Ni-,'  |„vl„.i„l,.,|  „|  „  miihIo  ^li ''.in    il^    ^1    -I  liLili- 

I'"-''     "''    1""'^    l"l'   •''■ni>:i  ,'lii.    I'lil     Ml    ^alll.        ivis  |,  „„,■,-.  I'n.l.i  alli,,,,!  iiMV  lioil, I  ..f  V ii',.,'. 

•V;',  "    "" '    "'"">    '"''I''  1^"'''     '"     - ''!'•     ^'■■'■""  On    ,111,1111-    iui,l,l-   111..  .I.vi.  iiivliNviivof  III,,   .-alia 

^'■'"     '^■'"""■1      '-     "-■ ,'     ^'-''':      l'"»'-^'|- ■■'     I'lll  C;,!,.    «..   Il;,^ ih.Ti.Jll     til,.    .lil..|lM.l.'l    l..«.T.,r    111.. 

"''"^'•-       ll„ai,..i .: i«liil,.   I,.»,i;    ll,:,t   I-  III,-  ..i,,„|,,|,,,   ..,.,„, I  h.ni.l,-  ;,s  il,  Ih  s rni...M  ..all...!, 

Com, 111    ,,t    ll,,'    Am.,iim,,i.,  ,,1,    ll,,'    M.ainl    "I    Oln,,  ,„  |„^,     |„,„,,,,,,     ,„,;,,|^    ,,„,    ,•„,.,,,,,,    l,„i||    |,v     ||,.,',„l 

Ali,,lli.'rMW,'llii,j;    I'hiu,'  Mir, t,,!,   ami    ll,,.    u:,ll   „l  y  ^,,,,|,|,,,,       of   ih.'ilnv,'   .^n-M  l,,«,'i.s.  ,l,',li,'al,',l  I,,  I, is 

.T..n.sal,'iii.     I,alll,'iii,'iil,',l      uilli     l. ,»,,■-.     ii-,  •    Maul.  , „  .Mai'iai,,.,,'.  «  Ii„im  li,'  iiiiii,l,'n',l  I  l,i„n'.'l,  i,'al„M,v, 

'"■''"■'■■'-•       ll"-l"l I    tli,'^r.,iili.l  ,.aMuai,l   |„.  v,iil-  ,,,„|     |,i^    I,,,,,),,.,.    |-|,„sa..|is  ai„l    ll'i,.|i,l    II  ,|,|,i,'„,s,   « la, 

111..    Immi-.,'^,    I,ii,|,I,',    ,|,a, .,'-..    ,„■    I aivl~.    I.,iii'^    >,',',i  |„,,|,    ,„||    ,i,,l„i„^,    ,',„.     |,i„|     i,,     l,.„||,,    ,,, mIv    1',' 

»'"'*'•■       ""■'■'•    '-    ""'.^     ll,,'   .^raN     ,,|,l    -.,|,ial,'    I,.a,1',.|  ,„,,,i,„,  ,  |„.  ^,| s ,  ,,,ii..,l  l,„,Kiiii.'.  I,iil    liia-.>iM'  |,,«,'i'  ,,1' 

lli|,|,i,'Ms.  aii,l  III,'  «all:   aii,|  ll„.  I,r,|   n„|a,'.. i,,,l„.  ||||,|,i,.„.       Tli,'    lou  .r    |M„'li,,i,„l    llial,   ,   ni,.li..    it 

' 'I.    '"-''I>     "'•■■"Ul''     "1'^'^    ll    '■'"" I    '"    I-.    '  -lali.liliu'.  I.T ,l,,^llla--.i^,.M,„l,',,  siMiila.'l„llios..|lial. 

Mli-ulai'ly  .ll-a|,|.,,iiil,i,.,'.       A    Ill,    |,aii-,',    a    l,.,.k  ,,,„„i.,  of  ih,'    l,„,|,a'  in  1 1„.  I  lal'alii  walk  ii Ulii..lil.s 

'"■""'"'.    ■■""I    '!"■    'I''~"l'"""'    "''!"■    -'•'"'■    -l"l>'-    '!"■  ,,|      , 'X       ,n      ,!„'      l; an     a-.'s.     MU'l.     hh     nv,  i',' 

•''•'"'I''''''  „'"     ""      ''"     •'"•'lll"'>-.       "II ^Illl-      "lll'"lll  |„,|„l,',lol,l     I,,    ll,,'    Savi,.l,l-.     .'S,',',!     Il„„|     fll.'SO    K','"l 

>lia,l..,  va  l.'vs    willnail    ual.T,    .'aill,    w,ll„.,il    x  ,',',|i,i',.,  ^ s    '  ,  Ma,  U.  \iii,  L'l        II,',,.  «a-,    1 1,,'  |,ala.'..  ,,f  thai, 

.'„,'UsNvitli,„ill..m  i'or^u'nni,l,'iii..    a,i,l  ..'imn  «all-  ii-ii,'..  , |„ ,   |^|„^,^  ,,„.  ,„ ,|  ,l,aiMl„'i's  t„i'  on.'    Iiiiii 

on  ll,.'  I,n,w,,t/i  '»        N,,lal,i','alli,,|wi,i,|i,Miv ,„....  ,|,.,.,|    j,,,,.,,,,  „  „|,    ,,„,r,   ,,f  .,,  ,,    |„. s  „f  ,',',lai-,  ai„l 

li,.t  a  >,,in„l.       ••.l,.|H,al'i,     «li,',','    «,.    «,.„1,|    M.il  ■  „„.„i,,„. -^ih,,,;,,,,!    -,.1,1.  a,   ,,',',„',|,',l    l,v  .l,,s..|,l,„M. 

S'l,Ml,-l,n',„iK.  „    ,l„'ll,   iIm'  I,„ la  »l„,l,'  ,.,',.|,|,.  'CI,,,.,,.  ^,i|,|,.,|    |„„ ,-^,,„|    ,1,1,1,   ,,„'v,..r|,i|l,.u.s,  a,„l 

'""    ''i'^    '^    'I"'     III''    y.ilil.'iU'.'  ^|",l     I,,    ua/..   .i| ll,,'  ;,^„,|,.„.  ,^,,,  , l,,|„l    .^,,',  „.  ai„r  -,',.w.s„f   (,',.,'s,  ati.l 

'">••        =^'''"ll' 111!'   M"Hlil   ol(lll\,',,,mll„'olli,','.i,l.'  ,,,,,,,1,,  „i,|,    ,).,,,.  ,i„M'    ,,'s,  a,','all- all   l>l.,'„f 

,.|    111,'    valK'V    ,,l  .l.'li,,>l,a|,l,al,   .l,',ii-.al,'iii    |,i','„„|,  an  ,,|,|,    ,■„•,.    \„    ,1,..    „',!,, Is   ,|in'i„-    lli,'    M,'-,'    l,v    Til, is, 

lihliii,',      |,lai„'     .l..s,',.ii,l„,-    |,,,<ii    ,',',s|     ,,,„,.,,,       'Ila'  „|„,„    ,|is,.,,,',|  «iiliiii    ai,|,.,|    1 1„.   .'n.'inv  « it  l„„lt,  aii,|  a 

.'inl.alll,',!    wall,    (orllliril    u  ill,   l,.«  ,1-.    an, I     a     -..llii,-  ,|,.„  j,l,  1,mii,I  lii'M  li,',',l  ll„. 'n'mi-l..  ils.'.lf.      Tli..  ,i.,..i..lit, 

casll,'.    ,',a'„,.,|,Mss.'s    tin'    «li,,|,'   ,,|    iIh.iis     all    ,'.,i,ii,l.  ,„,,,  i,„,  of  l  l,i>  |,,^^,',■    is  now  „l,lv  lol'l  V  r.'..|,   ilih.'i-lil, 

.'N.linliiiU,    liowuv.T,    |,ail   ,,|    M. .11,11    /...ii.    ulinli.    in  i,,,,    |,,   ,ii,„..,„i,,„,  ,,,,„,,i„.    lifu'-siv    f,...t   l.v   s..v,,.iilv. 

I,,,',-,'  a„,'„',il   l„,i,'s.  was    ,„,'J,,M',1    «ii IS    i„',.,'„„'|,  Ana,|,lilioi,al    l„'ii.'l,l  ,,f  al,,,,,!  .'i-hl,'..,,    I,,'!   uas  l.iiill, 

lli,',,ly.  I,,,','.  |„v>,'nK  I.,  Ill,'  iina'4iiial In' a|,|„'a,'  „       ,„  ,|,|,,  |„-  ,1,,.  (,.,,isa,l.'l's, 

aiK'.',,laiiannva,han,'i,,-,l„wnal„li,l|,,'|,in„a,'l,sai„l  m,,„„,   ■/■;„,   j.,  ,„  ,„„.   ,,|„i,,  .    ,„   ,„„.  i,.,',    ,„.,,    ^g,.,^ 

til,,  .lom.'s  .,11  .M, ,>,,,„'  M,„',al,,  l,„,l<i„-  liU,'  tin'  I.. ,'s  ,,,„,  ,|„,  |,,,,,.,,  ,,|,,    ,,.|,|,  ,|„,   ||,,|,  s,'|miI,'I„','.  ( ^alviirv, 

rais,.,!  11,  inlvan.-...       II,','..    ll,,',',' is  a  \  a,'a„l  s|,a,',.  I,,  1,,'  ,,„.     vi;,     I.,,l :;,.     il„.     «1,„!..    ;,•..,„.    of   oiii-     j.oni's 

.m.,.„,  as  also  tcwani-  lln-  |.,„l   Aiihana.  ,n  ll,,'  «,'-.,, ■,„  .,„|i;.,i„^,  .  i„  ,',.,,.  „.,  ,1,,,  T.„,|,|,'  a„,l-„v.'i'   ll,..  Vall.'V 

|,ai.|oftl,...'ity;  whil..  t,.wai.ls  tli..  I  l,,ly  S.'pnl.'l,,,' a,„l  ,,f  .),.1,„,1,„,,1„„,  „.|,i.'h  li,'.- ,i,,'al,',l    Im'Iu,,',,  them— 

t.'alvai-ytln'  l„,i,s.'s  apiH-ar  I,,  slalal  ,'l,,s,.  t,,-,l  la-,' ;  l.„l  d,,.  ;^|,„„„  ,,f  olj^.s. 

t,,wa,',|sll„...asl.„i,.l.|,,wi,  a|,,.,trtotl,.'l!,'„ok   K.'.I,',.,,,  ;       .|- ,.     ,i^,|,t     „f    .]„,    ^,,„„,    ,„    ,,.,,    ,,„,,.,._    j^    ,,„ 

!'"'''.^''   -  '""■""i-.'ili'l    •l.s,'i:ili,,M.     I  la'    l„,iis,'s  a.'..  ,    „„    ,,.,,,,,',   ,„„•,'    ,'„i„,,„s'  a,i,l    ,|,'s,,lal.',  now  a   kii„l 

la'avy    i,iass..s,    v,.,'y   l,,w,  «nl t    ..hi,,,,, as  at    l,,|,  ,„■  „,■  v;..,,  ,.„,l    t,,   .l,.,„s,l.'„i.      II,  ■',.    slainl.s,   i,),,,,.    Hi,. 


willilows    ..\t..|l,;,lh  ,  ,,,,,1    will,     llal     , Is    ,„'    I,  ,  ,ar',',. 


il.'    ,il'    Kill-     ll,'i',„rs     palai'i',    an     I'lnglisl,     .'hiir.'l,. 


with   cnpolas   ,„,    ll,,'   |,,|,.       Ih,'>   1,„,U    Ilk,'   |„i-,.i„  ,„■  ,„.„|v,',-,','l,',l.   in   th.'   tno.l..n,  (lollii..  8l vk  lik.' soin, 

,s,.|ail.'l„'.'s        II,,'     «1„,|,'    ,',lr    \v,„il,|    a|,|.,'a,'    l,k,'    ,„„'     |!;,k,;,..,t,',-..t  ,'l,;,|„.l,  tl,.' whilcin'ss  of  its  Ik'sli-i'iit  si s 

If'    '■""'•  '""    '",'■  ""•   '•"■'■  -'V"!'''"   "'■   ' I'lii'li.'s.    .,,,.n„-.'lv  .'onlraslin-   will,    tl,.'   .ii..U,,w   hrow, ha,,- 

*'"■  """^"''V'   ''"■, -I'l'S  III-'  i"l-".l  :<  ',w,'^|„v.s  ^,,,,1   ,„„-i,,,„.    Sai-acnic  »n'hil.'..tiii'..   .,f  tl„.  laiihlin-^. 

tm.s     an,l    tl,,;     ,lai'l<     ,li,,„|„    ,,|    n,.|,,l,.     v,l,„l Iv  ^,||    ^,,„„„        .i.|„,,.,.  ,„.,,    ^i,„    ,,„,     li|^l,„,,'s    |„„,.s,.,  ,.„„l 

,1','aU  tl„'il„,l,.,ii,,ly  ot    ll„.|,lan.      Tl,,'  -,',,,'ial  a>|„','l  ,,„,    „,.,,.     Aiin.'liian    ( 'oiiviit,    a     li,,,.    laiihlin;-    will, 

has  1„',.„  «'.'ll  ,',,n,|„,i',',l  I,,  tin-  ,',„,l„„',l  i ,.,„,  ,,f  ,.,1.,,,,,      'I'h.'i'..  a,'..  I,ai,k..i's  ami  /,„»//7»'.s' ai„l   shoos 

a.',.n„'l,'i'y  II,  ll,.'n,„lst  ,,ta.h's.'i't.    Sn.-l,  is  tl,,' |„','.,.ni  ,,,■  ^,|,    ,.i,„,.,_   .„„,    „„.,.,.    ,,,||,„,.^.    ..,,,„,|,lisl,n„'nls,"  i„ 

', '", "I    •lli>'li.ostl„'a„l,tul,'lly.,fll,..wl„,|,.,'a,ll,;-     „,.^„^„.    ,li,.,,,,|,,„,,,  „  ,il,    tliu    soU'ini,    ( )i'i,'nlalis f 

.;,,s,.|,l„,s,   s|„'ak,n,-   «,lh,,„l     kn,,wl,..,l-,'    ,.f    |l„.    n,  u     ,  l,„  j,,,,,,,,,,)  ..„., ,.  ,,„.|   .'ha.a.'t,...  ..f  all  al.out  th,.,,,. 

ali.l    -I'.'al,','    .'la,„,s    l„    ll„     ,aln„,'at I     ll,,'    u,.,|.|     W,.  ,,ass  on  ;  f,.,'  this  is  not  what  we  hav,.  ..,- to  s..... 

«l,n'hta.  City  ha.l  atla,n...l  as  tl,,'   „■,■ f  tl„':;,,'al  .|.|„,    ,„,,,||     ,,,„„„„„itv  of  liritish,  AllU'VU- a„,l 

l„ai'lyi',l,,ln    aii,l    t,'sl,l„'al„,l,    ,,l    (.Suls    - hn'ss    a„,|  ,;,,,„,,,„    ,,'M,l,'nls   a,'.'   .K.in-  inu..|,    ,'oo,l,  l,nt   la.lhin- 

man  s -i'..at   wn'k.'.ln.'ss,   sa>s    (II  „,',•.    v,.    x..    il,   •■  V,.,     ■ ,„,„.i,„„  „;,!,   tl„'  „,i-|,t  v  .'haiii,'.'  that   has  to  I,,' 

hath   not    Its  frn-at  anti,|..ity.   nor   ,ls   x  asl    ,'al,.'s.   '  „,|o,.t,,l  l„.f,„.,.  .1,  ,'„-al,',n  or  h.T  in'oi,!..  ar..   rost„r,.,l. 

th..  .lillnsion  ot  Its  nail,.,,  ov,'r  all    ll,,'   lialalaM,'  ,.;,,ii,.  .|.|„,  |.,,,,„„,„„  ,.,.„-r"i;alioii   nuinl...i's,  if   is  sai,l,  o,'.'a- 

nor    th.'    -r.'atn.'ss  ol   tl,.'  v  .'la'ral,,,,,    ,,a„l   L.  ,l    „n    a  si,,„allv  tvv„  l,„n'l,',',|.  '   Tins,' ai'.' iin.h'r  tl,,' |,i'ot<...|ion 

rflijjiou..  a,',',„„,i,  l„','n  sull„'„'„t      ,   i,i'c's,'rw'    it    I,-..,.,  ,,,■    i.;,,'^,!,,,,,!    ,.„„|     |',„-.l,i    i„   „„   anoinalcislv   uniti;,! 
belli- ,I.'sli'oy.',l.                                                                             ,l.i-l,o!,n,'.      An-r,a  .l,l,i„lstli.'  I!,,maii  (- atliulic  insli 

1  tutiulis;   l.",a,,,c  is  "  l'r<it.:Lt,)ro((,'lii'isllai,ily(-.'n. 'rally) 


\/ 


tiT,  IS  ill! 
|\V  il  l<ill'l 
ll|l'>ll  ill'' 
cllllllll. 
like  siiTlli' 
■I'lll  -tnlli'S 
wn   ciilciiir 

llUllllilLl^'S 

iiDiM-,  and 
liri;;  with 
and  simps 
ainit^,"  ill 
alalisiM  111' 
iiait   tlii'iii. 

Illll'    til   SIT. 

ii-aii,    ami 
111    uiilliiiiL; 

lias  (n  III' 
L'  rcstmi'il. 
-aiil.  urca- 
|ii-ii(('rli(iii 
;lv  uiiid'il 
liulio  ilisti 
(^'I'liiTally/ 


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,.>^.->"^\il      -vX, 


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;AK.\Ci:.NlC  I'UUNTAIN,  NliAR  TllL;  COUNCIL  lluLsl.,  JLRL^ALLM. 


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...vHii 


Hii 

■ill 


PIVR   DAYS   AT  JKRrS,\T-KM. 


m 


« 


THE    CHURCH    OF    THE    HOLY    SEPULCHRE    AT    JERUSALEM. 


iij   tlio   I'iiisl  ;"  iiiid  tlio   Kiupcvor  of  liUssia   i-   licail  ol' ,  liiral  lie  llic  |i:islur.il  air  dt'   tlu'  rarly  ]iiirti.iiK   ut    ilic 
tlic  (irofk  Cliiiivli.     These  cuiiimuiiitios  vi';  iilc  tiir  tlir  1  sacrcil  Siii|iiun'.  Iki^  in.-^i  iaciI  tlic  lull. .win;;  rliaiiiiiiij; 


lllnst  |iai't  ill  llif  Kfalik  (.^tiiaitcr,  tVoin  tlie  .l.illa  (late  to 
tlio  l)aiiiast'ii>(iati',\vliili'ariiiiiiil  tlio  Htily  Plarcwlii'iioo 
till'  };;iiiv  li.is  ilopai'tril.  llu' .lew  i>li  [..'.ipli' ^l  ill   lini,'i.i-. 


1'', 

".liTiisali'iii  uas  a  |.1..iil'1ii'iI  lirlil.  ainl  tlic  uvniiiid.  mi 
wliicli  (111'  Tc'iii|ili'  iiiiw  .-taiiils.  till'  ji.iiil  iiilicritaiicc  nf 
Till' .lew  ill  .(I'l'ii.sili'iii  i>  liiiiiM'lt' a  |ii'i|irtilal  luirarlr  twu  LimiIhts,  mic  iil' wIk.iii  was  iiiarrii-il  aii.l  liaci  srMTal 
ami  la^liii;;  iiiiiiuiiin'iil  of  Sriijiiurc  tnitli.  Kiitcr  cliililnii.  lli.'  oiIht  liM'd  a  Ijaclirior.  Tlii'\  (■iilli\.it(il 
tile  alioili's  (if  tlii'.-c  |i('o|il('.  yon  will  liiiil  llii'in  (loiii;<  in  i'..iiiiii..ii  I  lie  ILM  wliicli  liail  (li'\-olv.'.l  ..n  lliciii  in 
wliat  tlicy  (lid  fivi' tliims:iiid  yoais  ai,'o — trai-liiii^' tlioir     li^lii  ol' ilicir  iihiiIlt.    At  liarvcst  time  llic  r  ..  1  r.itln  ts 

cliildri'li  to  read  tlic  Holy  I'.ook.      S'Vi'iili'i'ii  tiiiii's  liavc     lioiind    iiji  tlicir   slii'aM'>,  and  liiadi'  ol    lli'   .i  Iw {iial 

tlicy  seen  .Icnisali'iii  d<'>troyi'il,  yet  still  tlioy  tiiiii  llirir  stal•l^^.  vvliicli  tlioy  Iclt  ii)i..n  tlic  lli'ld  diiiiiiL'  llic  iiiu;lit. 
laces  towards  Zioii,  cx|icctiin;  ^till  a  kiiii;  \\li..  i^  to  .\i;..oil  ili.>iii;iit  |iri'>cnt.'.l  it-cIf  1..  llic  yoiiiiiicr.  '  My 
deliver  tliciii.  "(irccks.  l'ci'>iaiiN  i!oiiiaiis,  aii'  swept  l.rotlier.'  said  lie  lo  liiniselt',  •  lias  a  will' ami  cliildicn  to 
from  the  eartli."  says  a  iiolilc  write:-,  "ami  a  jictly  iiiaiiitaiii  ;  it  is  not  Jiisl  that  ..nr -liaii'>  -ii..nl.l  I.e  e.|iial ; 
trilic,  whose  ori;;ili  |ireccilcd  that  ol  til.. -e  ureal  iialioiis,  !  let  me  then  take  a  few  sh.:i\.',  fidiii  i.i\  ~ta.k  ami 
still  exists  uiiiuixcd  aiiioiiu  the  niins  o''  it-  native  seei-ctl\  add  them  I.,  lii- ;  he  will  n..l  |i.i.ii\  .•  il,  and 
liiml."  tlieref. .re  ciiiinot    icIiim'  thein.'     Tlii>  |.r..i.cl  tli.'yoiiiii; 

8,0tl0(s(inie«ty  i  l.00n).Tews.r».0(H1MusMiliian^.:<.li0(l     man    iini lialely    e\eciile.|.       'I'liat     niuhl    ihe    I'l.lcr 

CI  recks.  !.,")( It  I  Latin  Cat  holies,  l.OtlOAniiciiiaiis.  n.llr.im  a  >>..ke  ami  said  t..  his  wile.  '  .My  l.r.  .iher  i-  yoiiiiL'.  and 
Illll  to  :.'(lll  Syrians  and  ('o|its.  fonn.  with  the  I'r.  i'>tant  li\  is  alone,  w  ith..iil  a  colii|.aliioii  l.i  a:.i~l  hiiii  if  his 
eommnnity,  top  the  most  jiart  Kn'_di.--li.  the  |.:  ■enl  lahoiirs  ,ind  console  him  iimler  hi-  lali;^ne-;  ii  i-  not 
].o|iiilatioii  of  .lenisalein,  wliieli  .Iewi>h  hi-'- '  an-  ii.ir  jii^t  that  we  should  lake  Irom  th.'  tiel.l  .i.-  many 
rate  to  have  at  one  tinii'  eiiuallcd  the  enormous  and  sheaves  as  he  doe> ;  |e(  lis  ud  n|i  and  seiieily  uo 
indeed  ilicredilile  amouiit  of  two  millions  This  Ha>  ,'liil  carry  a  cert.iiii  iiiiml.er  of  shelves  lo  his 
diirinj;  the  Holy  Week,  when  |.il','iiiiis  from  all  parts  sla  k  ;  he  will  not  liml  il  out  I..  iiiorr..w,  and 
came  to  Jernsaleiu  How  far  this  iiillst  have  ex-  ;  tiiei'i 'i.re  cannot  refuse  I  lieiii  ;'  and  !  hey  di.l  so  acenr- 
eccded  the  enlliiisiasiii  ofonr  dcueiicratc  d,iys  iii,iy  l.e  diieily.  The  next  .lay  l.i.tli  hrolliers  went  lo  ihelhld. 
jiid;;ed  Irom  the  fict  that  the  |iilurims  who  vi-it  .lent  an. I  ca.'h  wa-;  liiiich  siir|iriM'd  to  liiid  the  two  .-lacks 
saleiii  yearly  do  not  I'xeeed  l-,0(.lii.  of  whom  111. 001)  alike,  iieiliier  licinu  alile  in  his  own  mind  to  aecoiiiit 
are  M  ii-siilman-.  This  l.eing  Kaster,  is  the  most  li.r  the  j.ro.liuy.  They  piir.-iied  the  .siine  course  lor 
crowilcd  season,  so  we  are  enal.leil  to  Jiidue  for  oiir-eives.     -.e\cr,il  succes-ixe   iiiuhls,    liiit  as  each    cirricl    to   his 

The   foiindalion  of  the  city  ilat.'s  Iroiii  Melchi-.'.lek.     l.r..ther's  slack  the  s.iiiic  nunilier  of  sheaves,  ihe  slacks 
Of  this   one  of  the    .\rali   Iradilions,  many    of   which  ,  s-till  remained  ei|ual,  till   one   ni^dil,  both   d.'t.ernnninjj' 


»# 


1 

i 

'! 

1 

^ 

1 

10 


ALL   ROUND   THE  WORLD. 


to  stjiiiil  sciitiiu'l  III  cImi'IiImIc  {\\r  mystery,  (liry  iiict:, 
ciich  ln'iiriiig  till'  slicavcs  (|i-.iin('il  liir  liis  lnotliii's 
stack. 

"Now  tlic  .spot  wlii'i-o  so  lif.mliliil  M  tliouijlit  :it  orioo 
occunvcl  to  and  was  so  |ior-ii'viiiiii;ly  actcci  upon  liy 
thesp  men,  must  lie  a  |ilacoii^'ii(Mlin'  to  (lod  ;  and  nu'U 
Idcsscil  it.  and  ulio.-ic  it  wliereon  to  liuild  a  house  to 
His  iiiiMif."' 

Iniprcivid  l>y  David,  who  drove  the  .T(  husites  aw.ay, 
and  eiMJcheil  liy  Solomon,  who  .•ahled   to  Mount   Zinii 
the  Temple  and   eiriuiiij.ieeut    liuildinys.  the  City  was 
reihieed.  hy  the  ili\  i^ion  of  tlie  trilies  at    Ills  death,  to 
till'  capital   of  Judea   simply,    liut    ill    the   next   four  , 
eeiituiles     it    was    still    further    eiiiliellished     and    aj,'- 
i,'iMndi/ed,   until,   the  woi'ship  of  tiilsi'   ^ods.  the    true  i 
>iii    of  the    llelu-ew  iiatinii.ility,    replaeiiij;  the  law  of  [ 
.Moses,    the    wrath    of    (!od    fell     upon    the    children 
ipf  dls<iliedieiico,  ami   its  fall  was    not  llu'  distant.      In  { 
\,(iii,     under     llezeUiah,     did     .Icrusaleiii     resist     the: 
aiiiiies   of    Sennaclierili  :     tor    it    was    destroyed    soon  i 
afnr  liy   Nelniehailue/z  ir.      Its   iiih.iliitants  were  c;ir- 
lied  into  capti\  ity.     Sixty  years  latei'  Cyrus  permitted 
its    n!-e.stalilishmeiit.    :ind     a     then.-r  i(ie    i;overiiment  j 
took  the  place  of  its  monarchy.     While  oii  his  march  to  I 
I'ersia.  Alexander  rcciivi'd    its  siiliniissinn.   tliiuii.di  he 
|iaied    it,    owIiil;   to  a    divine    iiiterteieiiee    commuiii-  j 
cited  tlir.iuijh  a  dream.      Krniii  ilir  >iivereii;iity  of  the 
l.ai.'ide^.  after   his   death,    it  pa-sni    tn   the    Seleucides, 
w  lici>e     peiseculious     f,'ave    occ.isiiin     In     one     of    the 
liriixhti'st  periods  of  its    history  ;   the  ile\otion  of  the  i 
.Maccaliee.s,  who  succeeded  in   deliveriiii;  their  country, 
anil    {.governed    it    with    j^lory.     A    ipiarrel    lietween 


'  'flic  iilcntity  uf  the  ShI.mii  nl' Mi'lilii,^cilck  witli  the  ,IiTiis;ilcni 
ol'   saciid    hi^liiry,    lias    liirii   ilciiiiiiKtriilcil   liy    :i    cli'se    ciilical 
analysis  of  all  the  passa^rrs  in  wliich  the  circiniisiaiiciN  MrealUuU'il 
t'l;  anil  it  has  liccn   iiirthiT  shn«  n   ti)  lie  liijilily   prnliahle   that 
this  patriarch  was  iilcntical.   not  witii  Slicin,  a>  has  I>i-cii  snmc-  [ 
time  supp'isi'il,  hnt  with  llihi'p,  the  snii  'iC  I'elc;;,  tVniii  wliuni  the  | 
I. anil  111  I'aiiaim  ohtaimil  the  naiiitf  of  tli.e  Land  of  the  llelirewa,  j 
or  lU'licriti's. 

The  chiciilalinn  wliiih  the  early  history  of  Jenisiileni  receives  i 
from  the  moiiunients  ill'  l^i^yiit  is  esticnii'ly  imp  irlant  ami  vain-  i 
ahle.  as  relating  to  a  pcrioil  which  is  passeii  over  in  silence  liy  the  i 
sacrcil  historians.     There  is  a  city  which  slanils  forth  with  a  viTV 
niarkeil  ami   peculiar  pruiiiincnee   in   the   wars  of   the  kiuirs  of 
K^ypt  witlithe  .Iclinsitfs,   .Amorilcs.  aiiil   nciirhlmnriiiLr   nations. 
We  meet  with  it  lirst  as  a  fortress  ol  the   .\iiioriles.      Setlios  II.  I 
is  cni.M:r»il    in    licsie^in;i    it.        It    is    siinatiil    on    a    hill,     anil  1 
stiei:irtlii'neti  with    twoiiersof  ramparts.     'J  he   name  in   hiein- 
^rlyplis,  translateii  intoCoptic,  ami  thinec  into  llclirew,is  Climlnsh. 
'I  lie  ne.\t  noliee  of  (.'hiel.ish  heloiifxs  to  the  nijin  of  >isiislris,  ami 
eonneets  it   with  the  >leliiisite  naiion.     'flic  inscription  further  ih'- 
scrities  C'hailash  as  lieim:  in  the  laiiil  of  llt^iii  or  of  the  II  it  litis.   It 
was  thus  apparently   the  metropolis  of  three  or   four  of  the  ino^t 
poweitiil  t'aiiaaniiish    iiaiion>  lutiiri'  tlie  time  of  the   lleirt'eivs. 
Its  met i-opolitan  clr.irarler  appeals  in   Si-rijiMirc.  at  the   lime   ot' 
lesliiia's  invasion.     We  canmit    hesitale   in   iilenlifv  inu'  tiie  I'ha- 
liasli  .it  the  liiero_'ly|iliswilh  the  Kailnli«,  or  Caiivlisof  llennlotiis, 
ihc  Kliailatlia  ot  the  Swiaiis.  anil  V.\  Kmls  of  the   Aran* — "iho 
Holy  i'i;y."     It  was  not   till    llaviii's  time  tliat   tlie  .lelinsitcs 
were    tinaliy  expelled,   ami  iimler  his  son,  Solomon,  it  hecame  the 
eeelesiastieal  lieaii  of  the  nation  anil  tt.e  ark  of  llic  covenant,  and 
the  '"'ernacle  of   ihe  eoiiijriv'alion.      Ihc   name,  .Irrnsalein,   is 
^rein'rally  aciiiiilleil  to  lie  a  ioni]iomiil  oil  wo  earlier  names,    Sonic 
liave   siippiiseti  ot  .leliusaleni,    "the    tranipiin*,;  down  of  peace,"  ; 
enphoni'Cil  inio  "  jiossessio  hereditaria  pacis,"  or  as  others  liave  it,  I 
•'the  vision  of  peace. "     t>ld  Sir  .lohn  .Manndeville  stems  to  have 
ni!ta'ii„iied  the  re-earclies  of  the  most  learned  scholars  o|   lOnrope 
when  he  mivs.  "  Von  must  know  that  .leriisaleni  ol  oM,  niilil  the 
linifof  .Melchis.dik.  uas  called   .Ii'lms;  and  afierwaids,   it    wa.s 
called  Sah'iii    niilil  the  time  of  KiiiLT   Kaviil.who  pnt  these  two 
names  ti^rell  er.  and  called  it   ,lcl.ii-ali  in,  which    Kiln.'  Solomon 
altered    to    .lern.saleiu,"         Hut    he     did     Iiul     unlieipulu    the 
Egyptolonisls, 


Hyrcanits  1  r.  and  Aristolnilu.s  IT.,  who  disputrd  its 
throne,  liroUfihl  to  its  walls  the  lioinan  iirtiries  under 
J'onipey,  and  then  the  I'arthians,  and  then  ai^aiu 
the  Hoiuaiis  under  ( 'rassiis.  froiii  whom  llerod,  by  suc- 
cessful iiitrii;ue,  olitaiiied  authority  to  assume  the 
honour  of  entitling  himself  its  hint;.  Aiitii;onus,  the 
son  of  Aristolmliis,  and  the  last  of  the  IMaecalieiM.  L-'ing 
cajitiired  liy  Herod,  an  olllcer  of  his  unele'.s  court,  was 
delivered  to  Anthony,  liy  whom  the  last  de.scenilant  of 
the  Maccahees  was  scouroed  to  death.  It  was  in  the 
reign  of  Herod  the  (ireat  that  Christ  was  Imm,  and 
in  the  roign.  of  Herod  Agiippa,  his  |.4iaudsiin,  that 
tliose  events  ]i;is.sed  which  have  given  to  .Jeiusaleui 
its  iuiniortid  interest  among  Christians, — the  life  and 
(h'athofthe  Savioiii',  and  the  ajipeaiaiice  of  a  new 
religion  destined  to  transform  the  world,  .lei'tisalem 
next  liecame  appoi-tioned  for  a  time  as  ime  of  the 
tetranliies  that  replaced  the  unity  of  govcrnmeiil 
under  Herod,  but  the  successive  revolts  of  the  .lews 
lirought  upon  it  capture  and  destiiiction  liy  Titus, 
alter  a  sieoe  of  seven  niontlis.  the  mi.seriesof  which  were 
aggravated  hy  internal  discord  ;  tlii'ii  afterwards  by 
Hadrian,  who  drove  the  Jews  entirely  away  from 
it,  gave  it  the  name  of  .Klia  Capitoliiia,  anil  dese- 
crated the  Christian  shrines,  and  even  the  revered 
s<'ptilclire  of  Christ,  by  iutriMliuing  the  tilthy  rites 
of  the  worst  part  of  Kast"rn  idolatiy,  ado|ited 
into  l'agi»n  pantheism  under  the  title  of  the  worship 
of  Adonis.  The  oiice  Holy  City  pre.served  its  Roman 
name  until  the  time  of  Constantine,  whose  mother, 
the  jMiipi'e.ss  Helena,  was  the  first  to  avail  her.self  of 
her  son's  conversion  to  Christianity,  and  search  for 
and  restore  the  Christian  monuments  with  ii  pious 
care.  The  siib.seipient  capture  by  the  Persian  king 
Chosroes.  the  I'eleaseof  the  holy  sliiiue  by  the  Cru.saders, 
and  the  tiiial  tritimpli  of  the  ."aracens,  with  the  subse- 
(pieiit  history  of  i'ale.stine,  need  no  recapitulation  in 
our  brief  summary.  At  the  present  moment,  the  Holy 
City  is  the  seat  of  government  of  the  di.strict  of  Liva, 
and  the  residence  of  the  I'asha  of  I'ale.stine.  How 
long  it  will  thus  remain  is  one  of  the  i|tiestions  iiiiuii- 
neiit  for  settlenieut  in  the  jire.seut  disturbed  stiite  of 
Syria. 

Kvery  dynasty  has  left  its  stamp  upon  the  city. 
The  site  is  .Melehisedek's,  and  all  around  s])eaks  of  the 
I'astoral  ages;  Zion  tells  us  of  |)a\id;  the  Tem]ile 
platform,  ot  Solomon  ;  thi'  towers,  ot  Herod;  the  walls 
and  bridge,  of  the  lioiiians  ;  the  (ireat  .Mosipie,  of  Omar 
and  the  Turks;  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  of  Constantine; 
the  churches  and  iiioiiunniits,  of  the  Crusaders; 
the  Mount  of  Olives,  of  the  Saviour;  the  Valley 
of  Ilinnoiii,  of  the  worship  of  Moloch;  the  Valley 
of  .Jeliiishaphat  and  its  toinlis,  of  the  I'rophets  and 
the  Kings,  and  of  the  wretched  i'eople  who  live  ill 
exile  and  fe.ir.  ,ind,  trembliiig,  licg  to  purchase  permis- 
sion to  lay  their  bones  there  Ihe  whole  i,and  in  its 
desolation  is  a  record  of  the  wrath  of  an  otl'cndi  d  (lod. 

Such  are  the  recollections,  and  these  the  .solemn 
thoughts,  to  wliii'h  our  first  entrance  into  .lerusalem 
gives  rise.  iiut  the  day  is  tiir  spent,  and  we  will  turn 
to  the  let't  by  the  north-west  angle  of  the  castle,  and 
take  up  o  iiiarters,  not  at  any  new  'nil,  the  .Medi- 
terranean. 1  tin.'  Malta,  but  at  the  Ciisa  Niiova,  a  new 
building  erecjed  as  an  addition  to  their  ohl  convent 
by  the  establishment  of  the  Latin  monks,  who.  from 
time  almost  imiuemorial.  have  hubitiially  entertained 
pilgrims  to  Jerusalem,  of  every  rank.  Walking  out 
fioiii  this  couveiit,    and   mounting   the   wall  which  is 


1 

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1 

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, 

FIVE   DAYS  AT  JERUSALEM. 


11 


ir.ily 
Ivivil, 


i 


close  1>,V,  wo  iil)taiii   a   cctk  ral   v.cw  of  tli     City,  ami 
imiv  olilaiii  a  lursury  kimu  Ifd'^c  nt' its  loralitit-s. 

Till'  |irrs('iit  walls  cit'  till'  ( 'ity  arc  alxiiit  i\\i>  miles  and 
alialf  in  firciimfen'm't',  ami  avcraLrc  al.imt  tnity  t'l'ct  in 
lici^'lit;  l>ut  in  siiriic  t't'W  |ilaci'.s  tlii'y  i.ii' ali.nt  twicctlial 
lii'i:,'lit.  In  ]iiisition,  tln'V  an'  m-arly  itlcntii-al  willi  tliosi' 
crcctod  liy  lladi'ian,  wliii'li  were  sn  dci'ayi'd  in  117.S,  (just 

ht'l'iiie  tlit'linalcximlsic f  tlio  Christians  liy  Sala<lin,  in 

1 187),  tliat  larj,'i' sums  wiTu  sent,  liy  Cliristcndipni  toi' 
tlicir  rt'imi-atiiin.  Siiladin  liiniscU'  ri'iiaireil  tlicin  in 
lllC'  ;  lint  Sultan  Mi'lck  el  .Miajlli  Slum  tlircw  them 
all  down,  ('X('('|it  thi;  llarani  w.ills  {alimit  tlir  Tciniilc), 
and  Kl  Klialat  (the  citadi'l).  In  ll'i;!,  tli.'  Clinstiaiis, 
ti)  whom  till'  rity  was  a^'ain  handi'd  nvvr  liy  I'.arliai'nn, 
(it,  haviiiii  lii'i'ii  |ir('viiins|y  sniri'iidi'i'i'd  to  Kii'hard, 
Earl  of  Cni-nwall,  in  l:.'4ll.  ami  i'a|itiiri'd  aujain).  ri'lmilt 
till'  fortilications,  |irini'i|ially  at  tin'  t'X|ii'nsi'  of  tin' 
Kniiilits  Ti'iiiiilars  ;  finally  Snitan  Snliman  1,  the 
m'CHid  of  the  Mir/.an  Saltans  that  ri'ii.'iii'd  over 
Jeni-^aleni,  Imilt  tlie  jiresent  walls  .n  I."i42;  St. 
Stiiiliens  (late,  and  siiiiie  |ioiliiin  of  the  Dania.sens 
(iate  reniainini^  as  they  were  left  liy  the  Crnsaders,  as 
wt^ll  as  some  |Hirtion  of  the  existinj;  walls.  Tin'  fosse, 
then  dee|i,  is  now  tilled  n|i  liy  ai'inninlatin','  rnliliisli. 
At  a  few  ]iiiints  the  native  loek  is  merely  faied  with 
niasoiiry,  or  nfttMi,  a.s  in  .Mount  Itezetlia,  Imilt  into 
the  wall.  The  spates — only  the  |irinei|ial  <,'ates  are  now 
only  open — faee  the  eardiiial  |ioints  of  the  eiim|iass. 
These  are  the  .Iilla  or  lialnl  Khaliil  ((Jate  of  a  Friend, 
that  is  Aliiahani,  the  frii'inl  of  (iod),  on  the  west  ;  the 
Damaseiisor  ll.ilies  Sham,  or  liali  el  An  mil,  (date  of  the 
Culnnin),  on  the  north;  the  St.  .S(i'|ilii'n  or  liah  Sitti 
Miriam,  (St.  Mary's  (late)  mi  the  east  ;  and  /ion  or  I'lali 
vn  Nelii  Dand  (date  iif  the  i'io|i|iel  David)  on  the  south 
The.se  ale  kept  open  from  sunrise  tn  snnset  every  day, 
exce|it  an  hour  on  Friday  the  .Moslem  .saliliath  nmin, 
when  they  are  clo.sed  while  .--eiA  iie  is  performed  in  the 
Mosiiuo  of  Ulnar.      The  .Mnghaiilieli'  or   Duiij^  Gate,- 


*  The  Mii>(ii:iriboli,  wlm  Imvii  iinartiTimmoil  iit^er  tlionisolves, 
wliii'li  tlu'V  no  loii^jt'r  eiilirily  iu'i'iii)y,  itrt'  tin'  ]i<'o|ili'  ni'tlii'  West, 
or  I'f  Biiriiary.  'I'tiiTi'  iire  sniiu'  ol'  tliem  tin' ilt'Si'i'iiiLinls  of  tliu 
Moors  ilrivoii  from  .'^iiiiiii  iiy  Frrifniainl  ami  Isalii'lla.  Tlit'so 
I'xili's  were  cliaritalily  rri'i'ivi'd  in  lln'  Holy  t'liy  ;  a  niosi|ii(>  wa.s 
Imilt  for  tlieai,  ami  tln-y  ri'i'i'ivf  I'ven  now  a  lilii'ral  imrlioii  of 
liri'ail,  fruit,  MHip.  ami  nmni'y  (lln'  latter  rarely),  alfrvi'd  iVom  tlie 
llospiee  of  S't.  Htli'iia,  iir  ratliiT  Uovalana,  lor  llie  poorer  .Miis- 
siiliiiaiis  of  .lerusali'iii.  Tlie  |ji'ir>  I'f  !.•■  proud  .Mu'iiiiiairi's,  tin' 
eli'giuit  ureliiti't'ts  of  tlio  .Alliainlira,  are  lu'roiiii'  porters  al  .lorn- 
Halein,  who  are  sought  for  on  ai-ronnt  of  tlii'irstrenj^tli.aml  asines- 
si'iidcrs  e.sti'i'iiieil  tor  tlieirswil'tni'sjiand  inti'lli'_'i'in'e.  Wliat  would 
Saladin  unit  liii'lianl  say,  if,  suddenly  nlnrnin^'  to  tins  world, 
tlioy  were  to  tiiul  the  Moiirisli  elianipions  translorau'tl  into  door- 
kicpors  of  the  Holy  Sepnlilire.  and  ilie  Clirisliaii  kiiijj;hts  repre- 
si'iitod  liy  hrt'thren  of  the  .Mriiifu-ant  Order  ? 

''  Kishop  Ari'ulf,  who  travrllid  in  the  lear  7llil,  rehites  a 
ciirioiis  U'^entl  in  refereiu'e  to  t"is  exit  ot  tlie  'fyropo'on  —  oiiee  a 
tiisse  within  a  fosse,  shutting  in  /ion  and  .Moriuli  into  one  eonipaet 
iiiiiss,  which  explains  the  orijiin  of  the  I'riinliisli  name  of  its  ^ate, 
Dniit^-Lrate  — which  mi^lit  otlit-ruise  appear  !•' pnlsive.  "On  the 
1,'itli  ot  St'ptfinlu'r,  iinnnally,  an  iminense  ninltiinde  of  people,  of 
ilitli'ri'iit  nations,  are  used  to  ntei't  in  ,li'rii,*ali'iii  for  the  purpose 
of  commerce  ;  and  the  streets  arc  so  clogi^cd  with  the  dun::  of 
crtincls,  horses,  inules,  ami  oxen,  that  tliey  Ijecumc  almost,  imp:i.>sa- 
hie,  and  the  smell  would  he  a  nuisance  tothc,»holc  town.  lint, 
liy  a  iniraculnns  providence  wliicli  cxhihits  li  il's  peculiar  attach- 
ment to  this  ]ilace,  no  sooner  has  the  nnillitndc  lell  .li'iu>alcni, 
than  i\  heavy  fall  of  ruin  hi',;ins  on  the  infill  fofowiii;/,  and  ceases 
only  when  the  city  has  heen  perfectly  clcanscil,"  In  other  word-, 
heavy  rains  carry  olf  H  larp'  portion  of  the  lilih  of  the  streets 
liy  this  jjateway.  I  lie  so. called  jloiij;  (iate  is  sup|io.scd  to  he  tin- 
«ime  ns  ,li)8eplius'.H  (iate  of  the  I  --cues.  (Nch.  ii.  Hi;  xii.  1(1.) 
It  Ills  a's  .  h'cTi  identilied  with  "  ihu  gate  between  tv,,:  «al  s." 
(3  Kiu^ii  XXV.  4.     Ji'i',  xxiix,  i). 


sitii.ited    in  the    Tyropivon.    is  nerpr    nlM-neil   i-»o«>rjt 
diifiiiL;  .va.sons  i.l' >eaiciiy  of  w.iter. 

The  other  i;at's  .iie  willed  tip — the  (iohU'ii  (Jate 
especially,  the  I'nrks  liavinj;  a  traditiun  that  at 
soiiir  fiiiure  time  a  mijihty  eiiui|neror  is  to  enter 
thi'inmh  it  into  the  city.''  There  are  several  liattle- 
meiiled  l.iwi'fs  of  niiiior  elevations,  liesides  that  of 
llippiciis  \l  the  north-east  eoriirr  uf  'he  Temple 
encliisitri*,  a  e  remains  of  the  tower  of  llananeel.  in 
the  north-west  enrtier  of  the  elty  wall  are  also  the 
leniaiiis  of  a  la  ■,'!'  fortilleation  failed  "( ioliah's  Castle," 
I  Klialat  .liililii.  letter  known  as  '•  Tanei'ed's  Tower." 
The  existilio  w:ill  oeellpies  iinlv  ahiiiit  onc-tllii'd  111  the 
site  nf  the  ori^'iiial  eily.  niiieh  of  .Monnt  Zion  lieini; 
exeliideil  on  the  soiilli,  and  nearly  all  of  Cii'iiopolis,  or 
the  l.owir  ( 'ity.  on  llie  north. 

Till'  streets  ot'  .jiTii-rileni  lire  iiaii'iiw.   seldom  more 

than  ten  leet   wide,  and    iiio.slly  Hot    so  tiilieli  ;   tliev  are 

liltliy  and    illp.i\ed,  eoMri"!   with   stones   of  all    sizes 

emlii'iMi'd    ill    the   eii'tli.       Ill    many  there  is  a  ditch  or 

treiieh  ill  the  1  en  tie,  hollowed  out  tor  horses  and  eaniels, 

'  lietweeii  side  paths  for   pa.s.sen'.,;ei  ^.      'l'|n'  diteli  is  often 

two  ti'i't    ill   ijeptli.  and   mie   Inast  e.in   only  pa.ss  at  a 

time.      The  natives  know    inly  two  or  three  streets  I ly 

name.      The  Christians   have   einleavoared   to  remedy 

this  ineoiiM-iiieiiee,     Thii.s  lliere  is  ■■Ximi  Street"  from 

1  Zion     (iate     to     |)aiiiaeiis    (late,    iliv  iiiiiii,'     the    Jews 

ipiarter  from    the    .\iiiMiiiaii  ;    the   e  .nt  iination   of  it 

which  separates   the    l.atiii    and  Crnk    ipiarters   from 

I  the  Turkish,  is  eallod  "  Saint  Steplnn'.s,'  there  lieiim  a 

tr.iditioti    that   the   ennrj^^eons  dii  on    u.is    martyred 

I  near  the  ,i;ate.      The  "  .'Street   ot'   I  >.i\  i  I  "  d. 'situates  the 

'  iiieat    thoroiiijhlare    from    .lalla    (lali     lo    the   Temple, 

,  dividiii;;    the    Latin     and    (Jreek     ipi.-iiteis    from    the 

'  .Armenian.       The   eoiitiniiation   of    tliir,    lietween    the 

Turkish  Ipiarter  and  the  .lews  is  ealled  the   "Street  of 

the  Temple."     ''.Mill    N'alley    Street       runs  from  the 

.Mi|o|iarilieli   (late    iit   the  end    of   the    Tyriipn'on   into 

Damaseiis  Street.       The   /ii;/.aL;u'iie_'  street  from   Saint 

Stephen's  (iate  to  the  north  uestern  corner  of  the  city, 

as  faros  I  ),imaseiis  Street,  is  the  famous  "  \'ia  Dolorosa," 

up  whieh  the  Saviour  passed  from  indunient  to  cnici- 

'  fixion  ;  t'l'oiu  the  last  point  mentiouid,  it  is  the  "Street  of 

'  the  llolySepiilehre,  "  theelinrch  of  which  forms  the  main 

featiiie  ot  it.     The  "Street  of  the  I'titriareh"  is  a  short 

and  iiiri'ow  street    t'roin  llezekiah's  I'ool  to   thedroek 

(JiiiiMiil    of   the    li'iireinnner.   and   is    lietween    David 

Street   and   the   Street   of  St.    Sepiilchru.      The   .short 

street   Ivint;   lietween     Damaseiis   and    Valley   Streets, 

immediately   in    front   ot    Helena's   Jlo.piee,  is    smm.'- 

tiines  ealled  ''.Market  Street,"  liiit  i,'eiieraliy   Tariki  el 

I  Sitti  ("  Lady  Street),"  in  honour  of  the  hnly  who  nii.seil 

i  '  The  ril^'i-im  Siuwnlf,  who  travcllcit  in  11(12-110:),  says: — 
" 'fhcrc  is  a  ijati'  of  the  c.ty,  on  the  I'listcrn  side  of  the  tcinjile, 
which  is  called  Ilie  "(ioldcn,"  where  .loacliiin,  the  father  of  the 
hlesseil  Mary,  hy  the  order  of  the  .\iip'l  ol  the  Lord,  met  his 
wile  Anne.  Hy  tiic  saiiie  irate,  th"  ford  ,lesns,  eoniinir  t'rom 
lleihany  "ll  tlie  llay  ot  Olives,  sitlini;  on  loi  a-s. entered  the  citv 
of  .icrnsaleni,  uhile  the  children  san;_'  'llos.iniia  to  the  I^on  of 
llaviil.'  H\  this  ir.ite  tlie  t'.inpcror  Hi  radius  entered  .lerusaleni 
wiieii  he  rctnrned  victorious  I'roiii  1*.  rsia  \\ith  the  Cross  ot"  (Jur 
Lord  ;  hul  the  stones  tirs'  leli  .lown  aid  .-los.  d  up  the  pas.sa;;o,  so 
thai  the  ix.ite  hccaine  one  iiiiis.,,  until,  humhliii^-  himself  at  the 
admonition  of  ati  aiiL'el,  he  desCi.  ndeii  liom  his  horse,  ;ind  so  thi? 
entrance  was  opened  to  liiui."  Sir  .fiKii  .Mauiiocvi'le  ileseribes 
in  his  time  (.\.  ii.  DiiiO)  (i,,,  ,„,|-l4,  ,,j'  the  ass's  feet  as  hciiii.'  still 
seen  in  three  placcsat  I  he  lioldeii  (late,  the  steps  of  which  are  of 
very  hard  stone.  Maiindrell  c.dls  ii  i  he  (iate  of  the  I ,  uiple, 
ami  helow  thi- irate,  he  suvs,  in  ihe  hoiinnnif  the  V  illi'v,  w»f  .1 
hroad  hard  stuiie,  discuvciin^   the  prints  made   hy  oar  hles.sed 


j  biivaiur's  tcet, 


m 


IS 


ALL   ROUND  THF  WORLD. 


this  magnificent  stnictnrc — cidicr  (ho  Empress  or 
Diime  Tiuislidk — tlie  wifb  wo  lidicvo  (if  a  Opriiiiiii 
cruwiilor,  wlio  was  exceedingly  cliaritiilde  in  foimdinL; 
hosjiitiila  for  jioor  pili^riiiis.  Wliiit  llie  Kinjircss 
Helena  cikIdwihI,  the  Sultana  IJoxalana  seized,  and 
perverted,ad(lingfiirtlier  endowments,  to  ]ir(iviiliiijj;soiij) 
foi-  jKior  Turks.  The  benefaction  is  still  carried  into 
effect, 

The  domestic  areliitectiiro  of  Jerusalem,  a.s  can  he 
seen,  is  of  the  .simplest  character.  Tlit;  ho\ises  arc 
all  cimstructed  of  the  common  limestone  of  the 
country.  There  heing  no  timlier  in  Palestine,  this 
material  is  of  coui-se  exceedingly  high-])riced  here;  and 
the  doors  and  casements  of  the  windows  are  the  only 
portion  of  the  houses  nuide  of  wood,  not  a  particle 
being  used  ahoiit  the  floors,  roofs,  or  any  other  ]iiirt 
■whatever.  The  windows  are  few  and  small,  and  all 
grated  with  iron  if  .sufficiently  large  to  admit  a  thief 
Window-glitss  is  a  rarity  liut  just  introduced.  There 
is  only  one  door  to  the  largest  estaUlishments,  and 
there  are  no  windows  helow,  which,  as  those  aliove  aic 
generally  lattiee<l,  ensures  .seclusion — almost  that  of  a 
jii'ison— to  the  inuiati's.  The  want  of  tindier  neecfsi- 
tates  an  extensive  use  of  ciypts,  arches,  vaults,  and 
dome.s.  This  characteristic  will  be  remarked  iu  the 
View  over  Jerusalem  at  i«ige  1. 

We  will  now  set  forth  to  get  another  view  over 
Jenisalein,  and,  reaching  the  Patriarch  Sm ct.  ascend 
to  the  to])  of  the  ('optic  convent  adjoiMiiig  tlu;  nolile 
caravanserai  of  the  same  clniich,  thciicc  looking  down 
ujMiu  one  of  the  notabilitit^s  of  the  city,  the  I'ool  of 
He/ekiali.  This  deep  cistern  is  ne.irly  250  feet  long, 
and  l.'JO  feet  wide:  an  immense  reservoir,  capable  of 
holding  water  .sufficient  for  half  the  city.  It  is  (juite 
surrounded  by  houses.  Its  dei>th  below  the  surface  is 
eight  or  ten  feet,  but  it  is  consiilerably  deejier  at  the 
southern  than  at  the  nortlna'ii  extremity.  It  is  usually 
thought  to  be  supplied  by  rain-fall  fi'om  the  neigh- 
bouring houses,  liut  it  is  in  reality  in  connection 
with  the  u|)per  Pool  of  (iilion — outside  the  Jaffa  gate, 
and  at  the  head  of  the  Valley  of  Ilinnom.  Jerusalem 
was  once  abundant  in  water  ;  it  is  a  )inrt  of  the  ciM.se 
Ujion  it  that  water  sluadd  be  now  ddicient  ;  heiu'e  it 
sometimes  fails  at  the  end  of  autumn.  The  view  we 
have  from  here   (nee  pnye  1,)  is  a  tiae  one.     Put  still, 


V«LLll   IF   (IHOM 


the  desolation  of  the  city  is  most  conspicuous.  Tiij 
whole  of  Jiezethi  beyond  on  the  left,  and  a 
large  jiart  of  Aera  to  the  left  ju.st  below,  \a 
uninhabited ;  tlu;  Temple  enclosure  is  a  vast  void 
space  ;  the  parts  about  Mugharibeh  or  0])he!,  and 
the  south-east  of  Zion,  are  either  ploughed  fields, 
or  overrun  with  cactus  ;  the  entire  west  face  of 
Zion  is  occupied  by  the  gardens  of  the  Armenian 
Convent;  the  space  south  of  Calvary  is  vacant,  and 
what  is  occupied  is  nu'iely  tilled  by  mosques,  convents, 
and  churches;  though  even  where  there  are  houses,  they 
are  for  the  most  |iart  in  ruins.  We  have  now  a  fine 
prospect  of  the  walls,  which  form  almost  an  oblong 
s(piare,  the  longest  sides  r\iiniing  from  west  to  ea-st. 
1  he  ancient  Jerusalem  coidd  not  have  been  much  more 
extensive  than  the  modern  city,  and  must  have  occu- 
pied, in  its  palmy  days,  the  same  site,  except  that  it 
comprehended  within  the  walls  the  whole  of  Mount 
Zion,  but  excluded  Calvary,  which  was  afterwards 
em  losed  by  Adi  ian.  Sol'  .iian,  the  son  of  Selini 
(1534),  is  reported  to  have  slain  his  arehitei't  for  not 
coni|irehen(ling  the  whole  of  Zion  within  the  wall.s, 
but  tlii.s,  it  is  hinted,  he  di<l,  as  the  readiest  means  of 
])aying  him.  In  modern  waitare  the  City  woidd 
lie  untenable,  as  it  is  commanded  by  hills  on  all 
sides.  We  aie  now  on  the  edge  of  Aora,  between 
which  hill  and  Zioii  —  the  .sloping  buildings  of  which 
are  on  the  right — the  valley  of  th»^  Tyro]i(eon  is  seen 
descending.  Itver  to  the  right,  where  once  stood  the 
Temple  of  Solomon,  may  be  .seen  two  blue  cu|iolas 
marking  the  octangular  ,MoM|Me  of  Omar,  with  the  long 
low  roof  of  the  minor  Mosipie  El  Ak.sa.  The  minaret 
rising  to  the  left  of  the  .Mos()ue  of  Omar  (Temple 
Enclosure)  was  erected,  we  are  told,  by  Tunguz,  Prelect 
of  Syria,  when  lie  built  the  celebrated  school  at  the 
side  of  the  (iate  of  the  Chain.  It  is  served  by  the 
most  eminent  Muezzins,  and  gives  the  directions  to  the 
others  in  announcing  prayer.  It  stands  near  the  (Jate 
of  the  (Jliain,  Avhicli  opens  from  the  Temple  Enclo.sure 
into  the  Street  of  David,  but  into  which  it  is  not 
advisable  to  |ieep  unless  you  desire  a  sound  beating 
from  the  Turks.  Around  and  about  it  are  majestic 
planes  and  cj'pi'es.scs,  an  union  of  nature  and  art  ])eculiar 
to  'I'liikish  religiiuis  enclosures.  It  wa.s  from  their  liv- 
ing in  this  Mos(pie  el  Ak.sa  that  the  Knights  Templai-s 
took  their  iianii';  and  in  front  of  its  porch  lie  buried 
the  murderers  of  St.  Thomas  a  Cecket,  who  died  at 
JerusiliMU.  upon  a  pilgrimage  undertaken  in  ex|iiation 
of  their  crime.  At  the  corner  of  the  wall  is  the 
"House  of  Pilate,"  now  a  barracks,  late  a  stable, 
wlicMce  stolen  views  of  the  .saei'ed  platform  were  of  old 
vcaiclisiiled  to  tav<aired  Christian  pilgrims,  such  as 
Cliati  aubriand  and  Lainartine.  To  the  right,  just 
below,  are  the  swelling  <lomes  and  heavy  massive 
towers  of  till'  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre — one  dark 
elliptic!il  dome  overlooked  by  another,  and  a  white  one 
rising  out  of  a  cloud  of  little  domes  over  an  ocean  ol 
houses  This  is  ( "alvary  and  the  Scjiulchre.  The  line  of 
wal  Is,  t  he  pointeil  minarets  stand  out  in  bohl  relief  against 
the  t\n'\t  blue  of  the  orient  sky  ;  but  no  voice  is  heard 
1  the  widowed  City;  no  roads  seem  to  lead  to  her, 
and  were  it  not  Easter  Week,  few  would  be  passing 
in  and  out  of  her  gates.  The  centre  of  attraction  for 
the  I'ilgrims  is  evidently  the  S(piare  before  the  Holy 
Sepulchre;  here  beads  from  Mecca,  and  mother-of-])earl 
images  from  ]!etlileheni,  and  cros.ses  of  bitumen  from 
I  the  head  Sea,  are  attracting  purchasers  of  various 
'  natioiib.     The  tall  and  elegant  minaret  adjacent  to  the 


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FIVE  DAYS    AT  JKRUSALRM. 


II 


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-^i^^:±.-r:     U 


■^--'i.    it'T 


THE   DAMASCUS   GATE,   JERUSALEM. 


Cliiirch  (if  till"  Holy  Sr]nilcliro  licloiij;s  to  a  ino^qiii', 
cailml  Kl  Kliiiiiky,  fbriMcrly  flic  ivsiili'iico  ol  llio 
l.iitin  riitriiinli.  (-)l'  this  Imildiiij,'  wo  read  a  tiiiiuus 
stniy,  related  Uy  an  Arab  aiitliorily,  who  tells  hdw  the 
C'liristians  weregreatly  distressed  at  soein|n  this  minaret 
arising  in  snch  close  iimxiniity  to  the  Holy  Si'iiulclire, 
which  it  entirely  commanded.  They  otiired  a  large 
Slim  to  Sheikh  Jlin  (ilianeni,  to  lirilie  him  to  desist 
I'riini  lii.s  ]iious  intention,  hut  he  jiei-sisted  and  conipleted 
the  structure.  Tlie  I  rophet  then  a]i|ieai-ed  to  a  Holy 
!Man  and  commanded  him  to  seek  out  and  .'i;dute  11  ill 
lllianeni,  and  assure  him  of  his  intercession  at  the  day 
tif  judgment  for  liis  meritorious  work  of  having  out- 
tiiji]ieil  the  iididel.s.  Bnt  see  !  how  the  eager  )iilgrims 
crowd  to  the  portal  of  the  Holy  8<|iulchre  —  wheic  the 
whole  scene  of  the  Saviour's  criieitixion  and  entomb- 
ment are  vividly  bronght  before  their  eyes.  'Ilie  ehuivh 
is  a  niagnilicent  monument  of  the  liyzantine  age. 
(.Ste  paije  I)). 

\Ve  shall  soon  be  down  there,  and  following  th,' 
(Mger  enthusiasts  in  visiting  the  religious  stations  of 
Chat  sacred  spot. 

The  sjiaeious  depcrtcd  enclosure  close  on  the  right, 
and  on  which  grow  two  or  three  olive  trees,  a  jialni 
tree  and  a  few  cyjire.sse.s,  was  once  the  niagnitiwent 
liouse  of  the  Kniglus  Hosjiitallers,  the  Knights  of  St. 
John  of  Jeni.'^alem.  The  Greek  Convent  forms  one 
side  of  thi.s  square,  and  that  coninninify  had  hoped  to 
obtain  these  garden.s  and  the  ruins  jiertaining  there- 
unto, but  withiu  tlie  last  few  yeiirs  the  wliole  square 
containing  them,  as  well  as  the  Church  of  St.  Anne  in 
another  part,  liave  bccu  made  over  by  the  Sultan  to  the 


Mmperor  l.ouis  Najioleon.  The  very  curious  and  ])ic- 
tui-es(|uc  L;,iti'way  wiiieii  forms  the  sulijeet  of  our  illus- 
tration (/"';/'■  17)  stands  at  one  end  of  this  vacant  spot, 
tiicing  into  the  street  leading  from  the  Church  to  the 
Sepnklire.  The  extern.d  facade  <lisplays  a  llattened 
pointed  arch,  while  the  aicliway  beyonil  is  round  headed. 
The  carving  is  extremely  rich.  Among  the  ornauieiils 
and  enililiiiis  is  seen  the  Lamb,  the  emblem  <if  the  noble 
order  of  St  .John  of  .Jeiiisalem,  of  who.s<'  palace  this  was 
the  (^ntraiiie.  JSehind  the  gateway  are  seen  .some  remains 
of  the  buildings.  The  interior  is  the  r<'ee]itacle  of  every 
kind  of  tilth  ;  from  the  opirii  area  a  staircase  nuaints  up 
to  a  cloister,  from  which  opens  sundry  rooms,  not 
ca|iable  of  being  entered  from  multifarious  pollution.s. 
There  is  a  large  hall  with  painted  windows  .ali.solutely 
tilled  with  dung.  How  are  the  mighty  fallen  !  Im- 
mediately u|ion  the  capture  of  Jerusalem  by  the  Cru- 
sader.s  (in  ItiHK)  followed  the  foundation  of  the  Knights 
I  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  the  origin  of  which  was  an 
ho.sjiico  founded  in  Jerusalem  in  1(I48  by  a  few  mer- 
chants of  Amalfi  for  the  aeeonimodatiou  of  |iilgrinis 
from  Euro]ie  An  hospital  for  tlu!  sick  was  afterwards 
added^hence  the  teriii.  Knights  Hosjiitallei's,  the 
member.,  of  which  weie  also  known  as  Knights  of 
lilioile.s.  When  the  Crusaders  entered  Jerusalem, 
many  of  the  chevaliers  determined  on  joining  the 
<ir(h'r.  Godfrey  granted  a  donation,  an  examjile  which 
was  tbllowed  by  other  princes.  To  the  usual  vows  of 
chastity,  poverty  and  obedience,  was  added  a  vow  to 
be  always  ready  to  light  again.st  Muliamruadans  and  all 
who  foi-sook  the  time  religion.  In  1118  the  Knights 
]  Hospitallers  of  St.  John,  then  called  also  the  Knights 


14 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


i! 


of  Miiltn,  Ihtiiiiu'  n  iiiilitiirv  nnlrv  'I'ln'  liuililiiii;  now 
wi  ilrxiliitnl  WIU-*  ilcMclilird  in  l;il'l',  as  lm\  iii>;  l"'** 
]iillai-N  III' Kill'  stone,  uikI  lia\iii);  iirai'  it  tlic  I'liiinli 
culk'il  "Onr  Laily  tlii'  (iriiiid"  ami  "Our  I.aily  tlii' 
].»till."  "iiliil  tlali'  sIikhI  Miirv  ( 'l(Mi|ilia.s  alul  .Mal\V 
Mli;{ilalrii,  anil  Imf  tlu'ir  hair  wlicii  ( >ni'  Luni  was 
t'Xirlllid  oil  till'  iToss,"  Na|iolcoli  |!oiia|ialti'  i'\|icllri| 
flic  last  ri'liis  ot  llic  (  >r(liT  ol'  St.  .lolju  l|os|iiiallrrs. 
when  he  took  Niallationi  theiii.  Will  l.oiii~  Na|Mih'oii 
resuscitate  their  ancient  u'loiiesf  St  ranker  ihini;s  lia\e 
liii|>]ielieil. 

NVitli  the  <  'ity  thus  lyini.'  hefoi'e  lis,  alal  its  lanilniail<^ 
ilelioted.  it  will  not  he  ilillielllt.  lookillL;  down  U|ioll 
the  valley  of  the  'i'yio|iuoii,  whioli  se|iaiale(l  /ion 
from  the  'reniple,  and  over  which  was  a  In  idv'e  eon 
neetiiiL;  the  tun  |iails  of  the  City  (each  ol  which  were 
separately  walieil),  to  ilnaixilie  .lerMsaicin  restored  to  its 
iivistine  iiiaLfnillcenei' undei'  Jleiod  I  he  kin:,',  ami  that 
durins  the  anareliy  that  ensued  alter  his  death  it  was 
irowoed.  as  .loseiililis  tells  us,  liy  two  millions  of 
people — when  the  rid<.'es  of  Ziou  —  now  covered  with 
their  crops  ot  corn,  and  here  and  there  an  olive  tree — 
were  adorned  with  nia;,'iiilieent  sliiictnres  We  liiive 
in  our  mind's  eye  the  heantiful  city  in  its  j.'randcur 
lietwcen  that  and  its  destinetion  and  its  present  desola 
tioii  oiir  (  liristiaii  associations  intervene.  I  here  to  the 
rifjht  is  the  Mount  of  t.Uivis,  tVoni  whose  sacred  lu-ow 
the  Saviour  saw  the  <;liay  of  .lernsalein.  and  wept  over  it 
.'iiid  predicted  its  fall.  I  town  that  hill  he  :ipproaehed 
the  I  'ity.amlpassinyinto  the  deep  N'alley  of  1 1  iiinoni.  as 
ceiideil  to  the  'reinple.  the  crowd  accompanying;  him  like 
a  coiiijiicror  with  their  ho/.aiinas.  ami  strewini;  palu"- 
'I'lielf  is  the  (jolden  (iate  liy  which  he  entered,  now 
walled  )ip.  Tiiere  is  the  outer  court  whence  he  drove 
out  the  money  chanL;crs  ;  there  the  dark  groM's 
of  olives,  throii^di  which  he  jias.scd  to  Olivet,  or 
tniversed  on  his  wav  to  the  house  of  i.azarus  at 
Bethiiny  ;  nnd  there  the  garden  ot  tiethsemane. 
There  the  scene  of  his  Passion  and  his  .\sciiision. 
To  the  "governor's  house"  to  the  right  was  the  Saviour 
conveyed  helore  I'ilate  ;  and  along  the  "I)oloidiis 
Way,"  from  St.  Stephen's  thite  to  the  Church  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre,  was  the  .scene  of  his  Ion;;  ayoiiy 
prior  to  his  tiiial  sull'cring  on  the  Cross  o|  t'aUary. 
which  that  laiiMing  covers.  The  destruction  of 
Jerusalem,  in  fnllilmcnt  of  his  prophecy,  followed 
within  a  few  years.  .Iiidca,  after  the  death  of 
Ai^iippa.  was  made  a  I'oiiiaii  province,  and  a  Homan 
I 'io  consul  ap]iointed  lAcr  .leriisalcm,  thus  destroy- 
iny  t!:e  iinlcpcndcnce  of  the  city  and  aholishing  its 
hiei-iirchi(.'i'.l  or  thcocratical  foiin  of  governineiit.  The 
Zi'alots  resisted,  however,  ;ind  were  dri\in  into  the 
Temple  liy  the  High  I'riest  and  the  people.  Here 
John  of  Oiscala,  driven  in  from  (iaiilee.  united  his 
forces  with  the  liinatiis  within  the  city  ;  they  together 
admitted  the  lilnmaans  liy  stratagem  during  a  storm  ; 
the  l>arliaro:'s  allies  jilundered  and  slaughtered  the 
Jews  and  the  hi;;!i  priest,  and  the  contending  tactions 
triumphed  over  the  citizen.^,  who,  however,  .sought  aid 
in  a  third  |iarty.  and  Simeon,  son  of  (lioria.s,  was  nil- 
tiiitlid  to  occupy  the  upper  city,  whence  he  attacked 
the  Zialots  in  the  Temple.  While  the  w  retched  city  was 
thus  diviiled  within,  the  lianners  of  the  lloinan  army 
tUiderTitUsappearcdat  the  iioiih  western  wall — you  can 
trace  it  liy  clrawing  a  line  troin  the  cMicine  Icit  across 
Ada  and  round  inside  of  the  lloK  Sepnichre,  up  to  the 
Temple  — lait  one  legion  was  encamped  to  the  right,  ;it 
the  liHit  of  the   Mount  of  Olives,   liicnig   the  Temple. 


Step  liy  step  the  Jews  defended  the  eity.  Driven  from 
the  first  wall,  they  fou;;ht  upon  the  second,  and  tlio 
lioinaii  euuines  liavinu  liiokeii  in  a  lircich,  the  troopH 
poured  tliroimli.  hilt  lieiiime  entangled  in  the  narrow 
street.-",  and  were  driven  out,  heing  iiiialilc  to  wilhstanil 
the  missiles  poured  upon  them  from  e\cry  roof.  The 
misery  of  the  Jews  was  indesiuli.ilile,  death  and  star- 
\ation   wi  le    everywhere,     'litus  withdrew   from    the 

I  attack  aial  awdled  the  result,  having  vainly  oH'ered 
mercy  and  terms  to   the   liesieL;ecl.       .losephiis  tells  us 

!  of  their  iiahiinitidile  ol.stinacy  ;  until,  at  last,  Titus  dug 
a  deep    trench    toiilid    the    city,    llllil    closely    lilockadeil 

it       This    is    >:iid    to    ha\e    1 n    completed    in    three 

days,  and  to  have  hceii  live  miles  in  cMcnt,  and  to 
have  had  ihirteeii  garrison  towers  — a  fact  which,  as 
narrated  hy  the  historian.  ;in  eve  witness,  without  any 
;;reat  expression  of  woiidii,  ;rives  lis  a  great  idea  of 
the  engineering'  powei>  of  a  lioicin  army.  The  City 
lieeaine  a  charnel  house;  t  ae  mothers  "  socldened  their 
own  children  for  meat."  .\  lorhprn  hope  of  lioman.s 
si'iiled  the  walls,  hut  were  valoidiisly  repiil.scd.  At 
last  a  hreach  was  made  in  the  fort  hy  tin'  Uoniaii 
engines;  and  one  night  the  soldiers  rushed  through  it 
upon   their   prey.       The   fortress  was  taken,    luit  the 

]  .lewa  retreated,  only  to  defend  tliemselves  in  the 
Tempfe  Court  lulow.  hrivcn  thence,  they  lell  luiek  to 
the  inner  court,  and  rallied  roniid  the  'I'l'iiiple.  Thi.s 
Titus  had  resolved  to  save.  lint  the  .lews  having 
sallied  forth  in  rage  upon  their  eiu'inies,  were  closely 
tollMwed  Up  I'V   the  Koiiiaii   soldiers,  one  of  whom  tired 

I  the  sai-red  precinct.  Tic  Jews  rushed  infuriated  upon 
I  he    loniiau    swords,   and    .1    terrihle    carnage    ensued 

I  around.  One  historian  only  has  lieeii  eipial  in  ile- 
sciiptioii  to  his  task.       We  h.ivc  the  places  helore  us  to 

]  our  right.  In  the  centre  is  thi'  upper  <-ity.  "  It  whs 
an  app.illing  spectacle  to  the  lioinaiis.  What  was  it 
to  the  .lew  (  I'he  whole  summit  of  the  hill  which 
commands  the  ciiy  hlazed  like  a  vuleaiio.  One  after 
aiiothei'  the  Iniildings  fell  in  with  a  trcmendiais  cra.sh, 
and  were  swalloweil  up  in  the  liciy  ahyss.  The  roofs 
of  cedars  were  likeshei'ts  of  llame  ;  the  gilded  |iinnacles 
shone  like  spiki  s  of  red  light  ;  the  'jate  towers  sent  up 
tall  columns  of  llame  and  smoke.  'I'he  neighliouring 
hills  well'  liv'hled  lip.  and  groups  of  people  wci'e  seen 
wati'hing  with  lioiiiMe  anxiety  the  progress  of  the 
destruction;  the  walls  and  lieiMhls  of  the  upper  city 
were  crowded  with  faces,  .some  ]iale  with  the  agony 
of  despair,  others  scowling  unavailing  vengeance. 
The  shouts  of  the  Itoiaaii  soldier.s,  as  they  ran  to 
and  fro,  and  the  howlings  of  the  insurgents,  who  were 
perishing  in  the  tiames.  mingled  with  the  roaring  of 
the  eoiillagration,  and  the  thundering  sound  of  falling 
timliers  The  echoes  of  the  mountains  leplicd  or 
lilought  hack  the  shrieks  of  the  people  on  the  heights  ; 
all  along  the  walls  resounded  .scre;inis  and  waitings  ;  men 
who  had  lieeii  expiring  with  famine  rallied  theii 
rcm.iining  slreiigtli  to  niter  a  cry  of  anguish  and 
desolation."  Simon  and  John  cut  their  way,  liy 
desperate  lighting,  across  the  Tyropieon  liridge,  into  the 
"  l'p|iir  C'ity,"  where,  in  spite  of  the  remonstrances  of 
.losephiis.  and  tlii'  personal  instance  of  Titus  himself, 
tl  ev  still  held  out.  lint,  with  the  Temple,  the  hearts 
of  the  ]ieopIe  had  fallen.  Klnshed  with  their  victory, 
greedy  for  fresh  spoils,  ami  clialing  at  resistance,  the 
;ni|ietuons  Itoinan  com|Uerors  Inir.st  into  the  u[i]ier 
city,  exulting  ;  hut  found  thore  only  d'ath  and 
desolation — empty  streets  and  houses  full  of  dead 
liodie.s.     Kveii  now  the  ruins  over  Afliit,  within,  on  ihti 


PIVK   DAYS  AT  JERUSALEM. 


r)iivcii  from 

>ll>l.    Mild    tliu 

I.  till'  troo|iH 
I  (111'  iiiirruw 
111  witliNtniid 
*  I'm  if.  Tim 
iili  1111(1  .sfiir- 
»•  tViiiii    till' 

I  inly  iid'iMTil 
ilni>  tcll,-i  IIS 
■  t,  'I'iliis  iliijf 

»•      llllM'killllMl 

'il  ill  tliri't' 
I'lit,  mill  to 
t  w  liicli,  UN 
nitlliillt   illlV 

ii'iit  iili'ii  ot 
The  City 
li'iicd  tlicir 
'<<'  ilnlllllll.s 
'lllx'il.       At 

III'    liiiiimii 

llirnll;;|i   it 

II,  I. lit     llu' 

<■■<  ill  tilt! 
I'll  liiick  to 
|il<!.  'I'liis 
Ws  liii villi; 
I'l'i'  cliisflv 
liiiiii  liiid 

illtril  ll|iiill 

,'!'  t'lisiii'd 
I'll    ill  de- 

lill'L'  IIS  to 
"  It  WHS 

lilt  «as  it 
ill  wli it'll 
Jiie  iit'ter 


iljiiiirjiii; 

If     SI'I'll 
<!»■    till! 

K'l-  city 

agony 

fj'i'iiiice. 

I'.lll    to 

II  wore 

iriiij,'  of 

falling 


liiil    (If 
ciullts  ; 
IIR'II 

tlii'ii 

and 

ly,     l)v 

lltn  till- 

nccs  of 

imsidf, 

hearts 

ictory, 

i\  tlie 

lijier 

and 

Ipad 

I  thu 


ri"ht,  mill  over  tlip  city  to  tlic  left,  fvi'ii  as  far  as  tlio 

jTily  Si'|iul<'lil'c.  Il  11  ill''  tall'   of  tlii't   ticn ii>laii',dit 

Hiid  doft'iit.  Till'  iiiMiniiiiont  of  this  Kuiiian  triiim|pli  ovrr 
a  111  nlilc  left  to  tlii'ir  own  dnvici's  ami  tlii'  wrath  of  th.' 
Aliiiinhty  may  'h'  t*t'rn  on  tlii'  Arch  of  Tiliis  at  Itoiiic, 
tthcrc  .Ic'^ith  caplivcs  liear  the  sacred  fiiriiitiire  of  the 
Teiiilile,  the  ;^oldeii  candlesticks  and  silver  triim|iets, 
to  adorn  tlit^  triiiiii]iliant  show  of  their  comnicror. 
Ill  that  one  siei;i'  one  niillion  one  hundred  thousand 
Jews  |iei'ishe(l,  alioiit  oiu!  sixth  of  the  iioiiiilatinii  ol  the 
wliole  of  I'alcstino,  at  that  |ieriod.  Ninety-,  lie 
thousand  |iriMiners  of  war  were  carried  oil',  some  of 
tlleiii  to  l.ilioiir  ill  the  |aililic  works,  others  to 
nmreli  in  the  lriiiiii|)li  of  Titus;  after  which  they 
ii|i|ii'ared  in  th(!  aiii|iliitlicatres  of  Kiirope  and  Asia, 
Hiid  killed  one  another  tor  the  aiiiii>eiiient  of  the  |iii|iii- 
llicc.  Those  under  the  a','e  ot  seventeen  were  |)iit  il|i 
to  aiictiiin  with  the  women,  and  thirty  of  them  wcic 
hold  for  a  di  nariils  — aliollt  teii|iciice.  The  lilnod  of  the 
Just  Jesus,  a-  it  has  lieeii  liiicly  saiil.  was  sold  for  thirty 
nieces  of  siKcr  at  Jeru.saleiii, and  tin'  |icn|ilc  had  ciiid: 
"  llis  Mood  lie  U|ioii  us  and  our  cliildieii  "  (Jud  heard 
this  wish  of  the  jews,  and,  tor  till-  last  time,  he  i,'iaiitcd 
their  prayers,  alter  which  he  turned  liis  face  froiu  the 
liiiiid  of  I'roniise,  and  elio.sc  for  liim.scll  another  |ieo|ilc. 
It  was  only  thirty  eiijlit  years  after  the  death  ot  Christ, 
that  the  Teiii|ile  was  liiirned,  so  that  many  of  those 
who  had  heard  the  |iredictioii  of  our  Saviour  might, 
also,  have  witnessed  its  tullilnient. 

The  Jerusalem  that  now  lies  extended  liefore  us.  is 
but  the  si'veiitceiilh  shadow  of  the  |iiiiiiilive  one,  for  it 
has  lieen  seventeen  times  ca|itiil'ed. 

Looking  from  this  s|iot,  you  may  imagine  that  scene 
in  the  Crusaders'  siege  (|0!iU),  when,  their  army  having 
taken  ii|)  its  |iositioii,  (iodlVey's  troops  left  their 
encampmi  Ills  liefore  the  Dama.sciis  (!ate,  and  turning 
to  the  Kast  descended  into  the  Valley  of  Jehosliaphat, 
whence  they  pniceeded.  like  pea-'clul  iiilgrims,  to  oiler 
up  prayers  on  the  Mount  of  ()li\es.  It  was  on  a 
Tuesday,  the  l.'itli  of  June,  as  ehroniclers  tell  us,  that 
the  Cru.sailers  attacked  Jeru.saleiii  liy  escalade,  lia\iiig 
first  hcatcn  down  the  outer  wall  with  their  machines. 
The  attack  failed,  although  night,  alone,  put  an  end  to 
the  blooilshed.  The  Crusaders,  t'eeling  ceitain  of 
.'iucces.s,  had  neglected  to  liriiig  victuals,  and  for  ten 
day.s  were  without  hread,  until  their  ships  reached 
Jaffa;  even  then  they  suH'cred  greatly  from  thirst, 
their  horses  and  mules  having  drank  out  Siloe.  were 
sent  six  miles  to  water,  while  the  soldiers  dug  holes  in 
the  ground  and  pressed  the  damp  clods  to  their  lips  ; 
they  licked  the  stones  wet  with  dew  ;  they  drank 
the  jmtrid  water  caught  in  hides,  and  even  abstained 
from  eating  in  the  Impe  of  mitigating  by  hunger 
the  Jiangs  of  thirst.  On  the  llitli  of  Jnly,  the  great 
attack  wa.s  made.  Godfrey  and  his  two  brothers, 
lialdwiii  and  Ku.--tace,  fought  on  the  towers  '•  like 
two  lions  defending  another,"  \iiitil  "at  the  hour 
when  the  Saviour  gave  U]>  the  ghost,'  a  Fleinisli 
warrior  named  Letolde  leaped  on  the  rani|iart.'i 
of  the  city,  lie  was  followed  bydiiicher,  "Guiclier, 
who  had  coiapiered  a  lion."  tiodfiey  was  the  third 
and  all  the  oilier  knights  followed  their  chief — sword 
ill  hand.  The  enemy  fled,  and  the  .soldiers  of  Christ 
jmrsued  them  with  loud  shouts.  The  Count  de  St. 
Gilles,  will)  was  outside  the  Zioii  (.iate,  heard  the 
tumult,  and  suiiiuioned  the  Emir  there  to  surrender, 
which  he  did.  "  l!ut  (says  the  ehronicler)  (iodfrey 
with    the    i'reiich    was    detenuiuud    to    avenge   the 


( 'lirisliau  blood  sjiilt  by  tlie  fiifidelH  in  .Tenwalem,  and 
to  punish  tlieiii  for  the  iMlllern  ^  and  oiiliages  to  which 
they  hiid  siiliiected  the  pilgrims.  Never  had  he  in  any 
coiiflict  appeared  so  terrible,  not  even  when  he  encoiin- 
teri.'d  the  giant  mi  the  bridge  of  Antioch.  <liiiclieraiid 
several  thousands  of  chosen  warriors  cut  the  Saracens 
in  two  friitii  the  lie.id  to  the  waist,  or  severed  their  bodies 
in  the  mid  lie.  None  of  our  .soldiers  showed  liliiidily, 
for  they  met  with  no  opposition.  The  enemy  .smiijlit 
only  to  escape  ;  but  to  them  flight  was  impiissible  ; 
they  rushed  almig  in  siirli  c'owds  that  they  einl.iira^sed 
one  another.  The  small  number  of  those  w  lio  cuiilrivcd 
to  escape  took  refuge  in  SiiIoiiioii'm  Temple,  and  tlieio 
defended  tlieinsiUcs  a  considerable  time,  At  dusk 
oiir  soldiei>  gained  possession  of  the  Temple,  and  in 
their  r.ige  put  to  I'l'ilh  all  whom  they  tnund  there. 
Such  Was  the  i'ailia::e,  that  tiie  mutilated  carcises  were 
hurried  by  the  torrents  of  blood  into  the  court  ;  dis- 
seM'ied  hands  and  arms  lloati  d  in  the  current,  that; 
caused  tlieiii  to  b"  united  In  bodies  to  which  they  had 
never  belonged."  "  I  he  Holy  Se|iulclire,"  says  another 
liiNinriaii,  '•  was  now  lice,  and  the  blondy  victors  pre- 
pared to  accoiMpli.-li  their  vow.  liarchcadcd  and  bare- 
foot, with  colli  lite  licirts.  and  in  a  humble  posture,  they 
ascended  the  Hill  nf  Calvary,  amidst  the  Inud  anthems 
of  the  clergy,  ki.ssed  tin  ~liine  which  had  covered  the 
Saviour  of  the  Woild  and  bedewed  with  tears  of  joy 
and  penitence  the  niiiiiiinients  of  their  rcdeiiiptinn." 
The  scenes  of  these  fierce  and  tender  passions  we  are 
now  about  to  visit. 

111.— IN  TlIK  FDorsTI'lPS  OF  OUR  SAVIOUK. 

Following  the  e.Munple  of  all  |iilgiiiiis  to  Jerusalem 
in  aia  lent  times,  and  iiiiilaling  their  iindoiibling  fiiitli 
and  ri'Verence,  we  dcti  rinilieil  to  resign  ourselves  to 
our  feelings  as  (.'liristians.  and  make  it  our  first  duty 
in  the  Holy  City  to  follow  the  footsteps  of  mir  Lord  in 
captivity,  jiidgnieiit,  deatl.,  and  eiitoiiiluiient,  ii|i  to  his 
a.si'ciision  Catholic  traditinii,  preserved  throiigli  ages, 
by  a  succession  of  piiais  niemorics, —  traditions  as  yet 
lllidistilibed.  except  by  giie.-..->es  and  slli;gistiolis  merely, 
alway.^  ilisputable  and  niostl\  fanciful — en.ililes  us  to 
rei'all  with  siitlicieiitly  distinct  idcntily,  the  scenes  of 
sacn-d  Scripture  an, 1  the  iocalities  of  our  Lnrd's  siilfer- 
ings.  We  are  contented  .so  to  receive  I  hem.  \\  a  have 
found  .rcrusaleni  ;   we  shall  see  licthlelicni. 

J  vising  early(il  ish.irdly  pnssilde  to  sleep  late  in  such  a 
place),  we  set  out  from  St.  Stephen's  ( late,  to  which  wu 
shall  shortly  return  on  oiir  solemn  piitli  with  the  captive 
Saviour,  liefiire  going  farther  from  this  gate,  we  may  ob- 
sci'M'thet  'hurchofSt.  Anne,  said  to  be  the  birth  place  of 
the  Virgin,  rai.sed  upon  the  site  of  the  hiuise  of  Jnacliim 
and  Anne,  and  the  scene  of  the  Immaculate  Conception. 
In  the  gioltoes  beneath  this  eliurcli,  the  building  of 
which  is  attributed  to  Justinian,  is  shown  the  Ininible 
cliambei' where  duell  the  Holy  l''amily.  it  was  con- 
verted into  a  Turki>!  school  by  Saladin,  and  subse- 
i|Ueiitly  a  lilosi|iie.  but  has  recently  by  the  able  inter- 
Veiitioli  of  M.  Tlioiiveiiel,  aidcil  by  M.  Barreie.  the 
consul  of  France  at  .Jeriisaliiii,  breii  made  over  by  the 
>ultali  to  the  Kiii]ieror  of  the  l''reneli.  and  restored  to 
the  wor.,.liip  of  the  Christian  faith  under  the  pious  care 
of  the  Latin  fathers.  There  are  two  ( 'lii-i>i  Ian  nations 
active  in  Jerusalem,  Fiance  and  ltiis-.ia,  and  the 
aggrandisement  of  the  <  ireek  and  Koniaii  Church  makes 
itself  everywhere  conspicuous 


.il 


1    The  cliiirdi    nl'  St.   Aniie    is  of  prnit  iiiitii|iiity.     Srjwulf, 
a  pilgrim  uf  tlie  tnt'UtU  century.  ilcdcribcB  it  ni>  liiL-  i/luw  where 


1(i 


ALL   ROimD    TnK    WdRLDt 


M 
i  i 


THE    FIELD    OF    BLOOD,    IN  THE    VALLEY    OF    HINNOM. 

Till'  \'<"'\  "I  l'"llH>il:i.  11. 'W  ;i  li|n;i,l  (!■  r|i  ililfli  willicKI  Hi  rr  till-  ImImIk  (lest  ill.'  I  l.ir  s:i..rili.i.    wry,'    \\:\^\u'i\ ; 

WMti'l'.  lie- jll-l   wllliili  llir  uMli',  iitiil  i>  II  s|ic,.iiiii.li  dl' llic  Mild  it   WHS  1)11  till'    lil'llik    i.lllii^    |i.iiil    lli.il   (.'iili-il   siliil 

liriiiiilisi'  arrliilii'turi'  nt'  tlir  Jews  iil  .I.tiismIi  in.      It  in  tlif  )i:ir  ilvii.' iiiiii.  "Iii^i',  t,ik..  ii|i  i  liv  linl.  iiinl  «:ill;." 

liniiiiili'il   llir  'I'l'iiii'lr  nil    llir   iinrlli.      Il    is  a  I'l'Mi'M >ii-     'I'liis  i-  ll Illy  iii.iiiiiiiii'iil  li'ii  ..r  till.  |iriiiiilivi.  .Icrii- 

dill'  liiiinliTii   ami   litiy  I'itI    Imi^' aiul  I'm'ty  wiilr.      'I'ln'  s  ilciii  nl' I  »a\  iij  ami  Snlniii  .11.   ( tiil-iili' I  liis  ^ad' \M' rniiif 

siili's  lire  walli-il  ami  i-iiiii]hisii|  of  a  licij  ,,(  jui'm'  stmii'i  n|i.iiitlii.  ;;rrat  'l'iirki>li  liiirviii.,'.,'r.iiiml.  a  plan',  it  wmilii 

joiiinl  toL;i.|lii  I'  l.y  iron  1  iaiii|is,  a  wall  nl'iiiiM'il  mat  trials  m  1  !ii...|'  paiMilr  a^  uril  as  ^.ir,,  n\  I',  .r  tin.  'I'iirki>li  |mi|iiiIii- 

rillMl|i  nil    llii'M'    lar:;i.    slniics,    a    layrf  nf  lliiils   j-tiirk  linii,  I'.r  llii-\  r.'^.irt  liitlnT  in  I  In' i\  I'liiiii,'^  (Iri'sscil  nut  in 

ujinii  till'  >iii  lari'  nl'    lliis   wall,  ami  a  mat  i  111;    laiit    n\ri-  tlirir  j,'aM'^t  allii'i'  —  tin.  wmii.  11  i.>|ii'i'iany — -wlin,  lliti  iiii; 

tlii'sr  liint-.      'rill'  Imir  Iji'.Is  arr  prrpcinlii-iilar  with  tin'  aiiininr  tin-  tnnilis,  111  tli'.||-  Imi:;  wliilc  veils,  iirc  |ii  rhaps 

linttiini,   ainl   imt  linii/niit"!  ;    tin'   cnalini,' was   mi    tin-  serkiiij;.  a^  wiilnws.  tin- I'miMilalinii  nt  a  new   liiisliaml, 

siilt'    iifxt   tn   tin'  wali'i',  ami  tin'  laiiji'  stmifs  rcstcil  as  tlii>iii;li    inaiiv   nf  tln'iii,  it    must    In'   saiil,  arc  snii  tnr 

tli'.y   still    iln.  aijaiiist    tlin   ;,'i'niiiiil.      Tin'    | I    isimw  limirs    bcinlim;   in    t'aillifiil   snn-nw  nviT  tlic   tiirliain'il 

(ii'y  ami  lialf  lillril  up.     It  is  iiscit  as  a  tlii'i'sliiiii;  llnni'.  tnnilis  of  tl-''''  l.ist  Inf.ls.      A  rapiil  ilnsroiit  liriiii;s  us 

lli'i'i'    i;rnw    sniiii'    ]iniin'!,'i'aiiuti'-ti'i'rs,    ami    a    s|ii'i.ii'S  tn'ms^  tin' iiarinw  In  iil^je  nlniii' afi'li  tli  it  i-rns.si's  tin' ilry 

of  wilil   tamaiiml    nf   a    bliiisli    I'niniif.      On    tlie    wi;.st  lirnnk    Kcilrmi.  ami   spans  llir   ;;lnnmy  ami  mysdi'.nus 

siilr     may     111'    Mill     tun     ari'lios,     pi'iiliaMy     loailiiiLj    .li'lmslinpli.it.  ti Valli'v  nl' tin' 'I'mnlis."      Mvi'ry  sd'p 

tn     ,111     aipii'ilml     tli.it     canifs    tlin     watiT     iiitn     tlm  lirri'   is   lull    nf  .s;iori'il    a^-Miriatiniis  ;     tin'    vast     si'pul- 

iliti'iinr  nf  till' 'I'l'iiipli'. '      'I'Ik   wrstiTii  .%^-li'  i>  tiill  nf  cliral   inniiiuni.iits  all   I'miml  ;   tlir   Ininlis  n(    .Misalnni, 

iinpals.  Zriliariali.  ami  Ji'lmsli  iphat,   wiili    tin'    tlmiisainls  of 

_ Jewi.sh    tninlis  I'ViTywlicfi'   almiit,  till  a  snli'iiiii    stnry 

llii'inotlurol'tli,'  i;i,<.i,l   Man  liviil  with  licr ''  r.-liamk  iiml  <lii'  "f  I'lM'Il  past.  Jil'i-sciit,  ami  tn  i-nini'.       Ilitllfr  wi'lnl  tin- 

»;i' til.  ri- ili'.ivi'r.'.l  .il  111  Til.iii.'litrr  .\l;iry.     Sir.l..liii  MaiiiuliA  .llr.  .Ti-ws,  fi'nin  till'  tar  i'ni-|n'l-s  nf  tin-  cai'tli.  tn  jnii'i'liasi' a 

hIi.  tiMV.  Il.il  in  lUi'L'.  ~a\s  iliat  li,.|,.ii.  ili,.  i.hi-.ri'li    (,'ivw   ,1   ..'nai  |i||;,|  resting  'il.n'i'  lli'ar  llii'  Ti'inpli'  of  tin'  l-nnl  in  tllP 

tm-wl,u-l,  l,i.::;n,  l,.uM-..u    tl,,.<aim.  iii.-lit.ll.al  «:i~   ll,,.  i.yhl   1^^^  ,.^,„,    „,■    ^,,^.i',.    ,•„,...,,„  1,,,,,  .     t),,.    ,,|,,,,,.    ,illntt...l    k'ing 

till' I'liiiii  i.li..n.  no!  lit  tin- Inrtli.      In  .Main.ili-rlU  tniii-  ( Id'.i/ )  it  '                                          " 

was  a  com  1. lit  i.r   iiiniiu.ry,   llii'  cliiinli   of  wliirli  was   liii'ui'  atnl  I 

cntiri'.  a.i  Hii-i' ulMiimit  111' till.  Iiiil^-inu's  ;  Iml    Imtli   wen'  ili'^ohiti'  j  and  voiil  of  w:itpr.     At  its  west  i-ml  it  lUsooviTS  siii ilil  ari'lii-s, 

and  iH.jIii'U.d.  i  niMv  iliinniii-.l  up.     "'riu'.M',"  adtU  tin' i|ii:nnt  Imt  tni^twiirtliy  old 

1     So'wnll'  i!|.M"-iliis  till'  |iiiol  ciilli.il,  ill    Hi'Imiw.   i;i'llie«il;i,  ii<  *  tr.ivill.r,  "  s.iaie  will  liavi'  lo  In.  tlir  live  pnri.lii.s  in  wliii'li  sit  tlmt 

haviiii:   livi.   |inrtii...i-.  "I  wliiili    tin'  Oo-pi'l   s|u  iil.s.      .M.iini.lr.ll  iiinllilii.l.- ol  laiin',  liult,  and  lili;i.l  1  .Iinii  v.) ;  liiil  tliu  ml.scliiul  is, 

llu1K.1l'  I  -  it  .IS  lliu  jHicex  loiijj  and  10  broad,  and  at   least  8  dti'ii,  |  iusti'id of  tivu  tlioro  aro  but  tliri't'  ol  llioir." 


I 


■<isiL^ 


.    1»  ii^^^^J^^-MWi^ilVjtir-. 


iiyf 


».i,7;2 


-"licil ; 


lilt  in 


tor 


ing 


y  ol,| 
llmt 


"1 

1 


I 


■"^ 


i    .; 


W 


mm  I 


FIVE  DATS  AT  JERUSALEM. 


If 


I 


cnlciilntPil  at  a  jiricr,  which  grips  to  tlio  Jewish  chost  ' 
for  till'  sii|i|inrl  (if  tlii'ir  puori'r  livinj;  hivthivn.  Hfve  ' 
MciiiiizLMk'ii  Mitt  Aliniliam  to  ouiii;i;itiil:itf  hiin  on  his 
victory  over  the  five  kings.  In  this  viillcy,  the  wiclccd 
Jews  "\voislii|i|ii'(l  .Molocli  anil  l!el|ihei;oi- ;  Solonion 
Jieic  iilanteil  iiis  cellars  ;  tiie  'reuiple  overshailuweil  it  ; 
here  "  (lowcil  sol'tly"  the  waters  ot'Siioani  ;  liere  David 
.sanu  hissonj,'s,  ami  Jcreniiuli  iittere.l  his  lamentations  ; 
here  I  >nr  Saviour  umlerwent  his  aiiony:  and  here, 
nceordini,'  to  the  jiroplieey  of  Joel,  all  mankind  will 
at  last  appear  liefore  on"  awlhl  Jndjje.  "  I  will  iiather 
all  Malii>ns,  and  will  lirini;  them  down  into  the  \alley 
of  Jehoshaphat,  and  will  plead  with  them  there."  (Joel 
iii.2),l 

The  Valley  of  Jehoshaphat  is  Imt  a  deep  ireiieh  at 
this  sjiot,  sinkinj;  ra]iidly  southward  until  inar  Zion. 
where  it  is  nearly  ti\e  hundred  feet  I'elow  the  top  of 
the  J[oiint.  Jerusalem  is  oii  one  >iile:  the  Mount  of 
Olives  on  the  other,  and  the  dark  shadow  nf  the  Mount 
of  Ollinee, — so  denoininated  from  Solomon's  idolatry, 
f(ir  tlieie  lie  had  his  tiardens  and  hi  "  woni.  u'.;" 
palaces,  .ilid  w:us  led  liy  them  to  the  woi-ship  of  straliye 
;.'iiils.  'I"he  stone  on  which  we  are  now  standinL;,  just 
neai  the  liriili;e.  is  reverenced  as  the  spot  of  St. 
Stephen's  niartvrdom.-  The  two  eontii,'nous  hills  rise 
np  close  to  us,  nearly  naked,  and  of  a  dull  red  colour. 
Their  sides  are  hare,  hut  of  .some  scattered  wild  olive 
trees,  and,  here  and  there,  a  scanty  t'rw  Mack  and 
parched    vines,   with    sparse    ehapels,    oratorie.s,    and 


1  The  trniUtions  eonnroted  with  tins  )«iiiit  arc  cuv;i>is, 
Bcniunl  the  Wise,  n  n\oiiki»li  pilsrrini,  who  travcllcil  in  a. v.  ^>u, 
(ii'scrilii'S  a  (.■liurcli  in  the  Valli'v  i)t' .lelf'siiaplmt,  ralliil  tliat  of  St. 
I.onn.  "in  wliieli  it  is  sitiil  tlial  *  »ur  I.t'i\!  uill  cunu'  at  the  Last 
,Iinl:riiu'nl."  Sir  .lolm  Mauiulcxille  say*  *' .\lso  in  c 'niini;  linwii 
Irian  .Monnt  Olivet  is  the  ]ilace  wliiav  enr  I. .ml  wi'pi  iivit 
■IiTu^^akan.  Anil  there  Ijosiile  is  the  iiluiv  nhere  our  I.ail\ 
n))|K'areil  tii  St.  Thomas  llie  .Apostle  at'uT  her  as«ii;nptiou,  anil 
pave  him  lier  f;irille.  Ami  very  near  is  tlie  stom-  "Ti  wliieh  our 
IjiM'il  olien  sat  wIrmi  he  preaciieil ;  aiul  U|inn  that  same  sliall  lie 
sit  at  the  (lay  ot'dnom.  ripht  as  lie  said  hiuisiir"  Tlic  pennanence 
lit  the  trailition  is  not  a  little  reniarkalde,  the  .M  iilianiniailan- 
have  evil  availed  themselves ot'it.  I  pontheeilpe  ol'tlie  hill,  on  the 
oppoile  tide  of  the  valley,  there  rues  alcni:,  in  a  duvet  line  the 
wall  (it  the  city,  near  the  corner  ot  h  liicli  tliere  is  a  sliort  end  of  a 
jtiilar  jiittinir  out  of  the  wall.  I'pou  this  pillar,  the  Miissnli.aiis 
have  a  tradition  that  Muliamuiad  «ill  -it  in  judjiiunt  at  the  last 
(lav;  a'ld  that  all  the  world  will  lie  L'aMienil  tiiiethor  in  the 
Viiiley  helow,  to  receive  their  doom  from  his  mouth. 

■-  1  nc  traditions  of  oldi-ii  times  are  so  iiuieh  the  more  deserviiiix 
of  allention  as  they  were  nearer  tothe  limeot  theeveiitsto  whieli 
they  related.  It.  can  hardly  ln'  suppi-iil  that  the  Christia.. 
hihahitnnts  of  .lerusalem  and  its  neiL'hlHinrle  oil,  endcr  the 
itiimans,  did  Hot  |ir  st.'\i'  some  antheiitio  traditions  eoueerniii;; 
the  loe.il'  ' 's  of  the  more  important  e\ents  ot'  ti.'>iil  IIUt,ir\. 
Tile  earliest  notice  «c  niii't  with  of  the  site  of  the  marlyrooni  ol 
.St.  Stephen  is  Xh.A  of  llishop  Areult.  who  Ivavellnl  a.ii.  Too, 
who  deseribes  it  its  hemp  on  Mount  Zinn.  It,  rnard  tiie  Wise, 
who  folh.'vul  in  A.D.  8ti7,  also  places  the  scene  of  the  proto 
iiiartyrdoinou  Mount  /ioti,anil  deserihis  a  ehureli  as  existinsT  at 
the  spot  in  eonuncmoratioti  ot"  the  event.  Siew  tilt'.  \\ho  tra\t-Iied 
ill  A.D.  1102,  iliserihos  th  ;  sti  iiiiii;  ol  St,  Sieplui;  :is  havinp 
neciirred  aliout  two  or  three  arhelist  ^ll.  ts  without  '.he  wall  on 
Mount  Zioii  to  the  north,  where  a  virv  I'-intUome  ehurch  was 
built  "  wbii-li  has  been  entirely  ilestro\e(l  iiy  the  I'apatis." 

So  fir  from  the  eiphth  till  the  twelftiieeiiliiries.  In  the  fourteenth 
eentu.'y  we  lirst  lind  the  site  of  the  tr-.idilioii  removid.  .-ir  .loiai 
Maunileville,  who  travelled  in  l;f22.says  "over  ap.'iust  that  vale 
of  ,lehoslia]ihat,  out  ol  the  city,  is  the  ehureli  of  St.  Steplun,  where 
1"-  was  Riotied  to  death."  After  this  the  tradition  i,rew  in 
slrcnpth,  and  we  lind  .Maundrell.  in  A.D.  Iti'.l".  spiai.iiii;  of  a  broad 
ctoiie  on  the  way  up  the  hill  to  the  city,  poinj  iMiii  the  Virpin's 
Toiuh  to  St.  Stephen's  Gale,  on  which  the  Saint  sulhaid  marivr- 
d  111.  The  gate  which  had  previoiislv  liteii  called  tlial  of 
/eliosha|ihat,  as  in  the  time  uf  Itenjamin  A  I  udil.i,  that  is  ill 
A.l).  lilit,  b  raine  the  Onto  of  St.  t^tephcn,  and  has  remained  so. 


iiiosipies  in  lull  .  Tlio  hottoTTi  of  the  TMonnt  of 
<  MI'cncc  iind  its  sides  iiio  prclcralilc  place,  and  ttold  at 
small  jiricc  to  the  poorer  Jews)  arc  covered  with  toniha 
in  licajis.  rii;ht  up  to  the  poor  and  liadly  charactered 
vill.i^'c  of  Siloam,  whose  houses  .seem  like  sepiilidiivs 
themselves,  and  are  .so.  The  fjrave,  mclancholystilliies.s 
of  Jerusalem,  the  silence  of  .i  j;reat  city,  siuokele.ss, 
noiseless,  suyoests  to  the  iiiMgiiiiition  that  the  toinhs  are 
here,  the  dead  have  not  yet  lieeii  summoned  to  awake. 

Mountiiii,'  the  Mill  liy  a  rocky  path,  the  stime  alonj; 
which  Jlavid  W(>:it  lameiitinj;  when  driven  forth 
fii.m  his  lieloved  Zion  liy  the  rehcllion  of  Alisaloin,  we 
proeced  down  a  few  steps  to  the  left,  leadilif;  us  to 
an  open  cotii-t  sueroundcd  with  rocky  walls,  at  the  end 
iifwhiih  we  reach  :i  licaiilifnl  liulldint;  of  (fothio  ai'chi- 
tcc'tac,  of  a  severe  and  aiilii|ue  character,  with  a  pie- 
tiirisipie  fai.Mile,  openiim  liy  a  marlile  door,  into  a  snli- 
lerrancan  ehajiel,  where  tire  the  toniKs  of  St.  Joseph  and 
llic  \'  iiicin.  excavated  in  the  .solid  rock.  Down  from  this 
solemn  entrance,  tifty  marlile  steps,  etieh  twenty  feet 
Ion;.',  lead  lis  to  the  floor.  The  toiiili  of  the  Virfjin  i.s 
on  the  I'iuht,  in  a  larne  rece.s.s,  with  an  altar  over  it, 
and  a  paintini,' of  her  death,  with  the  Saviour  himself 
standing,'  hy  ln'r  heilside  to  comfort  her.  The  tomb  of 
St.  .lo.scph  is  hiolier  up,  as  are  tilso  those  of  St.  Anno 
iind  St.  Joachim.  Marv,  who  died  at  Elihcsii.!!,  was, 
as  they  tell  lis,  miraculously  litiricd  here  by  the 
Apostles,  accordinic  to  the  tradition  of  the  Fathers;  for 
there  is  a  full  ichition  of  this  niarvellous  funeral  by 
iMitliymus,  who  tells  how  '' St.  Tho'iias  "  (who  was 
always  desirous  to  satisfy  any  doiibt  by  ocular  testi- 
mnny.)  "  havin;'  eaused  tlieeothn  to  be  opened,  notliiiiL; 
was  found  in  it  but  a  viri;in  robe,  the  simple  and 
mean  ;,'armei't  of  that  Queen  of  Uloi'v  whom  the 
.inuels  li.iil  col    •eyed  to  Heaven." 

Arcull.a  fJaiilish  llishop,  wln>  tr.ivelled  in  A.D.  700. 
sp(  iks  of  the  "  round  church  of  St.  .Mary,  divided  into 
two  stories  by  sltibs  uf  stone.  In  the  upper  part  are  four 
.iltars  ;  on  the  eastern  side,  below,  there  is  another,  and 
to  tlio  rioht  of  it,  an  einply  tomb  of  stone,  in  which  the 
V  ii'oin  Mary  is  stiid  to  have  been  buried;  but  who  removed 
her  body,  or  when  this  took  iilace,  no  one  can  sav.  On 
entering  this  idiamber  yon  see,  on  tl  e  right  liund  side, 
.•1  stone,  inserted  in  the  wall,  on  which  ( 'lirisc  knelt  on 
the  ni.-ht  on  wli'ch  he  was  betrayed,  and  the  marks  of 
his  knees  iire  still  seen  in  the  stone,  as  if  it  had  been 
iissiiftas  wax."  Arculfalsotclls  another  traditional  story 
that  he  hctii'il  on  the  spot,  of  the  disappearance  of  the 
body  (it  the  Virgin  Mary,  that  "St.  ^lary  expired  ill 
the  middle  of .Icrit.salem,  in  the  place  called  St.  Sioii, 
and  as  the  twelve  aimstles  were  carrying  her  body,  the 
angels  came  and  took  her  from  their  hands  and  carricil 
her  to  I'aradisc"  He  tidds  that  the  church  is  called  St.. 
Mtiry,  not  because  her  bodv  rests  there,  but  in  memory 
of  it.''' 


■'  The  traditions  which  n-ssneiate  the  tomb  of  the  Virpin  Mary 
witli  the  loiality  ■  1  ipie.stioii  aii|iear,  with  the  exception  piveii 
I  above,  never  to  have  varied.  MauinleviUe,  who  was  partial  to 
W(in(\"rs.  saw  there  *' till'  stone  which  the  anpd  brimpht  to  our 
l.adv  Irom  .Mount  Simii,  which  is  of  lhes;inie  colour  us  llieroek  of 
St.  (.'atherine."  St.  I'houiiisapiiears  to  ha\e  been  of  a  very  sceptical 
Intii  of  mind  ;  for  .Mauiideville  describes  a  i;rcat  stone  as  lyinp  at 

the  bottom  of  the  .Mount  ol  I  Hives,  "  u| whieh  you  arc  toldthe 

llle.-scd  Vivuiii  hi  tall  her  rirdle  after  her  assnmption.  in  order 
to  eouvince  St.  'I'lmnias.  who.  they  say,  was  tiouhled  with  tl  lit 
of  his  old  inceduhly  upon  this  occasion.  There  is  still  to  he 
sreii  a  small  v\iu(iini;  channel  upon  this  slone  whieh  they  will 
h.ivc  to  be  the  impni-ion  made  by  tlic  pinlle  when  it  fell,  iind  I" 
'.•  left  lor  the  conviction  o|  ill  siieli  ,i:i  .-.hail  sUspccl  tliu  truth  ol 
tlic,    story  of  the  assuiiiptioii,' 


20 


ATJ,    R(WND  TilE   WORLD. 


mtv 


]i:ii'('M     rrniii 


llio    licinliT   i>f   (lie    Viilli'V   of 


,TilinsliM]iliiii,  ,ii  llic  liint  iif  the  M'liiiii,  (ir()liv(>s.  i><  ;ir: 
t'licliisiiii'  cif  nlnmt    liirt 


V  si'Vi'M     p; 


ii'cs    lull','  liy   iDfty 

Millie.         'I'llVliI     ITVtV 

rriitlv.  I'mi-  uinlir  (lir  sliMdc  of  (li;il  siviri'd  (niiik  nl'  tin- 


(on 


•till'  (l.inlrii    of  (let I 


riM's. —  so  old  lliiit. 
its  rii'ils  .'i:r  l'iow  iii','  in  si  r  iii^rly  s1i:i|iimI  iiioiislro-ity 
out  of  till'  I'.'iri  ii,      «iis  ilii'  S:i\  i"iir  tn'tiMVoil  "itli  :i  kiss 


iliji'st    of  ijios,'  ci^'lil   \i'lli'r;l1i|i'  oHm'  I 

Iv  sill 


liv  till'  Iniitor  .111'!.. 


II   ;l   i-:lVi  I'M  iilll-iili'  is  :l  si 


niilifc 


f^loll,.,         till-    |ll;iri'     W  jl'-ro     till'    .\|ios||,'S     llill    tl'iMIS 


Mlisl.'i's  1" 

lii.t;li.  Mini  jiiastcri'il.  iiinl  «  liili 


III'  w.ili  ,iroiiiiil  is 


.1.    Tl 


ili'ii  III 


'coiiii'  till"  |iroiii'r 

\  I'llt,    U  lio     |l;n  I'     I 


ty  iif  till'  l'";itlii'is 
■hiniril    voiiml;  H'l 


>f  III     Liiliii  Coii- 
s   h'.ioiil;   till'   oil! 


(loiii'4  ii|nvnrils  from  flipso  fomlifl,  ninl  !inn!»JiiiMf;  tTi» 
si'ciic  of  till'  i':iisiii!4  (if  l.iiziiriis  iis  t.ikiiiL,'  |il.n'('  in 
soiiK-  such  iiliirc,  we  rlinili  ii|i  ii  li'W  iiiofi'  (i'l't.  of  tiio 
iisri'iit,  mill  sl.iinl  lii'fori'  t  In' ( 'li  i|h'I  ol'thi- AsriMisioii  — 
the  Inst  fjiMiiil  (•oiisiiinniiilion  of  on r  Saviour's  history  ill 


till'  ioriii  of  111,111.      Wo  a 


ill 


IT   now  \i  iziiii;  ii|i 
Ii 


to  Ihi 


MVCU  (llilf   opi'lli'il    In  ri'i'i'lM'     llilll    :l  iri'liilllii,'    to 


Hi 


Fnthrr's   riiilit    lininl, 


ll|>Oll     till' 


>iii|ili  <liini'iit.  of  t  liu 
ill  that  ( 'it V,  \vi'  liavn 


itoiiiiii;  sicrilici-  wliirli  took  i 
it   to  tiiiii  oiir  lioails  to  look  n|ioii.     'Phi' I'liajiil  is  ti 


sniiili    oitii'iiiial    liiiililiii''   with 


I   a    ilonio,    ami    liiill   ill 


ruins.     'I'liis  is  ihn  ("h 
it  is  till'  roi'k  or  stone  fii 


I'lpel    ol    III 


As 


Will 


liii      I  'hrist  is  saiil  li>  h 


aseemleil.      'I'l  ere  is  (he  |irinl,   ol   a.   left    foot.      It.   has 
ours,  I  ill   ^riiii  1,'narleil  jiini^.  pillar  like  iriiiiks,  ami  thin  I  lievn  saiil  the  Turks  reinoveil  tin-  |iriiit,  of  the  ri^lit,  ami 
Coliaei'  of  whieli  have  a  weinl  .iiiil  solein  i  Miitiipiily  ahoiit  i  plaeeil  it  in  the  Mosijiie  ot  *  Ini.ir  ;   I  nil.  this  may  only  In 
(lleiii    that    strike 

that,    li.is    its    (itiii'ss    for    Hie    nionrnliil    sieiie  of   the      (lie  antlioril  ies  tli.it  assure  iis  we  are  now  i,'a/iiiL;  on  I  hi; 

x.'iilaMe  fool  print,  ot'oiir  l.oiil  ,ire  St   .Sii'^iisline.St  .le- 
roine.  ranliiia,  lln'N'ener.ilile  I  te'le.aml  SiilpieiiisSeverns. 


Saviours    I  assion 


'I'lii 


I' 


till'    link    am 


harnn    lieii;lils,    the    sorrowing'    hi'MII     of   the   slieini'^ 

lielow,    ami    the    shallow  of  I'.e    i^iiilty    eit\     over   all!     The  toot  is  Innn'il  tow.inls  the  noil  li;  Trailil  ion  says,  the 

riiey    point    to   iis   a    stone     inarKiiijj;    the    spot   wliere     Saviour  li:i(l  his  foot,  tow.iiils  t  he  north.  , it.  I  he  iiioim  nl. 


Christ  pr.iyeil  tli.il  the  ei  p  iiiiL;lil  pa.ss  from  him  ;  : 
little  t'lirl her  the  plaee  where  lie  swate  j^real  ilrops  of 
lilonil,  ami.  a  lillle  farther  on,  (lie  spot  where  lie  toiiinl 
his  ili.sriples  sliepill^'.  The  I  r.li  lit  i.'lls  of  I  his  plaee  are 
iiinniner.ilile. 

It  is  Kaster  week,  iinil  we   have  a  host   of  iiiliirims 


if  his  .Vsi'i'iision,  as  if  to  ii'iioiinee  the  s.iiith.  involverl 
in  errors.  The  seeiie  of  the  .\seen-ioii  has  imt  lii'en 
without  its  ileseriliers.  Tnnlilioiis  of  the  h'.it hers  tell 
that  the  Liinl  "  asreinh'il  to  heaxeii,  atieinleil  liy  the 
souls  ol'  the  |i.'ili  i.ir.  lis  aii'l  prophets,  i|eliverei(  hv  hilii 
I'l'oin    tho    ch.iins    of    ile.ilh.        His    niolher   ami     one 


iif  all    nili'iii^   with    n-.    inouiitiie^    in    loni;    proee.ssion     Imiiilreil  ami  I  went  v  il  si'iples  witiiesseil  his  ascension. 


U|iw;irils  l.iW.inU  tlie  ('hapel  ol'llie  .\seeli>ioii.  .\  liout 
halfway  up.  hy  a  riii^L;i'il  "imIiiiL;  p.'illi,  -.vorn  with  the 
foolsleps  ot'  a^es.  .i;,.  ilic  ruins  of  a  nioii.istery  -on  tile 
site  of  the  si  one  from  u  liieii  ( 'liri.sl,  look  in;;  over  l.nvariis 
the  sinful  t'ily.  hewaileil  the  a|i|iroacliiiii;  ilesol.iiion  of 
.lern.saleiii  1 1  is  jk-I  on  this  spot,  l  hat  the  Sixth  I  Ionian 
l.e;,'ion  is  .^li'l  to  liaxe  encainpeil  ilnriiii;  the  siej,'e  hv 
'I'iliis  l''roiii  the  lio.  k  ot'llie  I're.lictioii  Wf  inarch  nii 
to  some  cnrioiis  erollo  excavations,  ralleil  the  Tomhs 
of  ihe  I'lciplieis.  'I  licir  efoiiml  |ilan  is  vcrv  singular, 
sonielhiiiu'  in  the  sli,i|ie  of  a  iinailraiit,  ,ii  d  there  are 
more  than  lil'ly  loinlis.  Some  have  .s.iid  tiiey  are  the 
Apostles'  toinl's;  others  ca\cs  ('or  the  w.irship  of  li.ial; 
others.  ay;aiii,  c.in^idei  llieiii  a.<  lie!oni,'ile,'  t.i  the  Priests 
of  the  Temiilc,  Imt  all  thi.s  is  •jncssw.'i', 


lie  stretelied  oiil  hi;  anus  like  .Moses,"  says  St. 
<Jri'L;ory  N.izian/eii,  '.imlcon  niemleil  his  disciples  tohis 
l''.itlier  .  he  Iheii  cro,"d  his  alinii;lil>  li,.'ils,  hol'lim^ 
them  down  over  the    head.J    of  hi      liclo  fi'iends,    in 

the  same  m. (liner  th.it  .lacoh   Me  ^i   i    l;i  I'l.scph  ; 

llieii.  rising;  (roiii  e.irtli  with    inex  a  iijcsly,   ho 

slortl;,  .iscended  t'lwai'd  the  eternal  m.oisi  ai.  till  he  was 
eiiveieped  hy  .i  'irilliant  cloiid."  The  I'linpre.ss  !\I.)tlier 
Helen  1  iii-s!  i'leililiod  the  spot  liy  the  erei-fioll  .1  ;i 
<'lii'.ieli,  on  which,  however,  says  St  .leronii',  "it  \va.H 
loiind  impossihle  to  cover  in  that  part  of  the  roof 
tliroiii,'li  which  ( 'hrist  pnisned  his  hcivenw.ird  w.iy.' 
Ihe  W'l. -ralile  I'.ede  declares  that  ill  his  time,  on  the 
eve  of  the  .Xsceiisioii  ihe  .Mount,  of  Olives  was  all 
iiij;ht  soeu  ooviu'fj  with  (lames.      Wp  find  the  mciiiiiuif 


8AR0EN    OF   fiETNSEHANl 


MOUNT    OF    OlIVES    FHQM    J'KUSALEi. 


■^ 


FIVE   DAYS   AT  JERUSALRM. 


SI 


I 


of  tliis  story  ill  Art'iilf's  wiilinaM  (Ik^  vi'^itrd  .Tcni'^iiliMn 
in  A.l>.  7""\  !""'  '""'-  ii-"  lli^il.  "  < 'h  iIm'  1iil;Ii('s(  |i<iiiit 
(if  Clivi't,  « lull' "iir  l.ii\'(l  iiNi'i'Mili'd  iiilii  I  li  :i\  I'll,  is  a 
lin'ut'  I'oiiiiil  rliiil'i'li,  liaviiii;  iiriiiiiiil  it  llii'i'i'  \:iiilti'i| 
iMirlii'ors.  'I'Im'  inner  iKirt  is  iiiu  Muild'il  iiinl  i'iimtciI, 
lu'i'.'insc  (if  tlio  |iiissiii,'('  cif  our  l.m'il's  Imdy,  1ml.  it  liiis 
i\n  Mll.'ir  on  till' I'list  side.  roM'icil  willi  a  narniw  roof 
On  till'  irroiinil  in  tlio  midst  ol  il  an'  lo  In-  sci-n  tin- 
last  iiiints  in  tlw  diisl  of  our  {.oi'iTs  fori,  and  tlio  roof 
i\pli('arilif;o|u'n  aliovo  wlirrc  lie  asicndod  ;  and  .'ilHioiii;li 
llic  oaitli  is  daily  I'arriid  away  liy  IpoIicm  is,  yo(  still  it. 
rcinains  as  lioforc,  and  retains  tlie  .same  ini|in'ssions  of 
the  feet,  in  tlie  western  |i,irt  of  tlie  same  elmreli  are 
fidit  windows,  and  eiylit  lanijis.  lian;;iiiL;  liy  eoids  op 
iiosite  to  tliiMii,  east  tlieir  liylil  lli.i  is^li  the  lil.iss  as  far 
as  .leliisalini,  striking;  the  hearts  of  (lie  lielioldeis  with 
a  niixliire  of  joy  .'iiid  divine  fe.ir  l''.\eiy  year,  on  the 
dav  »f  tl"'  '^'^  elision,  when  mass  is  endi'd.  a  stroiii; 
Idiist  of  wiiiu  eoiiies  down  .iiid  easts  lo  tlu'  i;roiiiid  all 
who  are  in  the  ehiiieli.  All  thai  iuliIiI  lanterns  are 
keiit  liurninn  tliire,  so  that,  the  moniit.iiii  appears,  not 
oiilv  lifjliled  up.  Iml  .-lelMally  on  tire,  and  .ill  tli.il  side 
oftlieeity  is  illiimimited  hy  il." 

The  toot  |>rint  is  in  the  reek,  enclosed  liy  an  oMoiiy 
Mock  of  nitirlile.  and  wo  hrini,'  away  wilh  us  an  im- 
iire.ssioii  in  wiix,  wliieli  pilyiiiii  alter  pili,'riiii  treasures 
a.s  oiK' of  his  dearest  remini  eeiu-es  of  the  Holy  l,a-.id. 
We  a, enow  alioiil  tweiily  iiiiniile.s,— hardly  a  1  lile. 
from  the  walls  of  .lerus.ileiii.  sowelinish  oui  "  .'^aliliitli 
(lav's  journey  "  hy  ,i;oiiiL;  oxer  the  eresi  of  the  hill  io 
jlelham.  As  we  walk  down  the  foolpaih  so  ofli'ii 
lioddrii  liv  the  Saviour  on  his  t'liendly  visils  tol  liehoiise 
of  l,a/.:irus,  whom  he  loved,  many  landseaiie.s  of  wildly 
pleasiiif;  variety  open  hefore  ns.  We  seem  to  have  left 
the  desolation  in  .ludea  on  llie  oilier  side,  and  pa.s.s 
through  open  eoiii  tic  Ids.  aero.ss  wliiili,  anions;  .proves 
ot'  (lines,  are  .seen  (he  while  roots  of  (he  lillle 
village  (hat  stands  alniosl  on  the  liorder  of  .'i  ilesei( 
land.  Here  ilesiis  picked  the  corn  hy  the  way-.sido, 
and  here  the  sister  of  {..i/'ariis  met  him.  as  she  c.imc 
forth  with  the  moiirnci-s  from  her  luolhei's  tomli.  The 
house  of  Laziirus,  where  (he  Saviour  so  often  received 
hospitalilv,  has  fjixcii  place  to  a  ( liuich  foiii'dcd  liy 
Queen  Meliseiida.      A  chapel  marks  the  dwcUiiij;  w  here 


.«~-— .'.>n.-.»»o.»«p3.i  fiMWH.,-,^..  «»>a»iK.r^.;^(aB!^Br  ■ 


Si'uoii  the  I.I  per  iiddrc>ssed  the  T,oriI,  ntul  |ierpe(uatos 
the  memory  ot  the  devout  Maf;dalen,  who  anointed  (he 
feet,  of  (,'hrist.  l.asi'y,  the  rock,  whose  hallowed  sides 
formed  the  tixiih  of  LaKirns,  has  lieen  .surnioiinted 
liy  a  m(is(]ue,  the  entrance  to  wliicli  is  down  a 
stair  of  Iwenty-foiir  steps.l  Christiau  and  Moslem 
alike  rev(Tene('  this  spii(,  .Tiid  (he  pili;riiiiaj;es  (o 
il  are  iiinnerous.  The  sick  childicii  we  .see  here 
have  liecii  liidunht  hy  (lie  MahoinelanM  in  the  iieigh- 
lionihood.  from  a  ]ieisnasion  tha(  some  trace  of  the 
divine  virtue  of  the  fjrcal  l*ro|iliel.  .lesiis,  the  Spirit  of 
(Jol,  slill  rests  upon  these  stones.  Towards  the  left., 
alioiit  (liree  ipiardrs  (if  a  mile  larther  on,  is  liothphane, 
the  Villa'.;!'  of  the  l'"i,i,'H.  and  a  little  farther  .some  hold 
interpreter  and  ijiiide  \eiitiires  to  show  the  very  tif^treo 
tli.it  withered  at  (he  S.ivioiir's  word.  It  was  very  old, 
and  ccitainly  very  withered,  hut  \v(>  may  not  vouch 
fiirlhcr  tor  (he  tradition. 

IJetnrnini;  hack  over  th(>  crest  of  Olivet,  after 
pausinjr  (o  admire  the  view  of  .lerusalem.- — (he  whole 
panor.ima  of  the  (iospel  iiarrali\(' spread  out  het'ore  ii.s, 
wc  proceed  ohliipiely,  hy  a  slopiiii;  |i,'illi  thai  hriiif^s  ns 
(o  (he  viilai,'e  ol  Siloam,  where  (he  iiadvcs  have  mad(! 
their  disnial  dwcllinijs  ainonji  the  rock  hewn  toiuhs. 
Hence  we  look  down  upon  the  dry  hed  of  Kedroii  ami 
the  platliinn  i>(  the  Moriali  (the  Temple  eiiclosiire)  over- 
li:inL;iii,!.;  il.  It  slopes  down,  ;;ray  and  hare,  .'•DO  feet. 
We  ijaze  upon  a  perlcct  (,'ily  of  Toiiihs — everywhere 
al  uij;  the  v.illey.  ( >|ip(isit(!  to  ns  is  the  Koiintain  of 
the  \'irj,'iii.  where  the  water  rises  and  falls  with 
sudden-How  int;  swell.  Jlere  come  the  ncii^lihoiiiinfr 
Hocks  (o  water.  There  is  a  cavernous  conMcction 
lietween  this  and  (he  I'ool  of  Siloaiii  lower  down,  aloii;^ 
which  .some  topo;;rapheis  have  crawled  more  (lian 
I7."itl  fce(.  It  was  once  a  sealed  foiiiitain — that  is, 
clo.scd  with  a  stone.  Tradilioii  tells  that  here  the 
molhcrof  desiis  was  aceustoiiied  lo  wash  her  ;^ai'iiients 
Mohamtiied  decl.ired  that  these  waters  llowed  lldlii 
I'ar.'idise.  and  .some  say  it  is  the  very  si  ream  hiouf,dit 
down  siihtcrr.ineoush  hy  He/ckiah  into  the  city  when 
he  oi'ilci'cd  the  fountains  without  ■leriisalciii.  ami 
the  hrook  to  he  stopped,  .sayiii};,  "  Why  shiiidd 
the  Kiiif;s  of  Assyria  come  and  liml  much  water  /" 
The  stream  hius  heeii  nscertained  to  run  down 
lidin  the  Temple  area — indeed,  it  is  said,  from 
Zion.  It  is  pleasant  in  the  heat  of  the  day  to 
descend  I  he  llii,dit  of  steps  thai  lead  under  a  d.ii  k  arch 
way  down  into  this  foiin'iin,  and,  slandinj,'  mi  tlii^ 
upper  steps  Wdltl  with  the  t'ootsleps  of  afies.  lo  look 
deep  into  a  myslcrious  cavern,  down  into  which  ayaiii 
j^oes  another  lhj,;hl  of  steps  to  the  sprini;.  The  women 
coiiiiiiL;  up  .ind  down  the  steps  with  waler-jars  i,'iac(. 
fully  lialaiiceil  on  their  heads,  the  wayfarers  trendiim 
liil  lerwards  from  all  sides,  and  the  horses  .-ind  s-liccp 
lli.il  are  liciii'.;  watered  at  the  ti'oiif^li  alio\c,  form  a 
picture  thai  reiiiiiids  nsof  llie  pal riarch.'il  ayes.  Them 
is  an  olil  At'ahiaii  Irailil  ion  connciieil  with  this  well 
wl.icli  W11.S  in  days  \vv\ ,  Miy  old,  c.illcd  the  "  |i'oiiii 
i.iiii  of  Acuu.sL'd  Women."      Women  accn.s(j(l  of  adiil- 


llTHMt 


'  rmuui  Sliiulcy  Im^  (Ii'..«i;.'n:itt'il  the  rcli^iiiii  oC  Pulfstiiic,  i'reiii 
tin' iiiinni.ni  it  III!  iiilu  t  III"  lianiU  III"  l'',iiniiicriiis,   .is   far  as  siicrcd 

I I  a.  lit  it  Ills  arc  ciii.cii  net!.  a.>  "  a  rcll^'ion  of  caves  ;"  hut  if  wc  coiii- 
|i.iri.  tlic  i-i.|i..|'ts  of  iiilniiiii..  iiikI  tnivcllcrs  ImIwci.ii  tlii.  iiintli  iiiiil 
>i.M'iil('('iitli  ii'iiluni  s,  il  will  lie  iiailily  seen  lliiit  in  tlic  iii.staiii'i' 

III  till'  (lrav(.  of  l.ii/.uiis  iliat  it  wiis  tlic  .MiiliniiiiiiiKlaiis  wlm  prii- 
iite.l  liy  (he  |iassi.iii  Cir  cavi.  Iiistiiry  and  iiiytliolnny,  iiiiil  wlm 
iiii]in)vci|  uii'iii  il  liy  ri'iiiii\  iii^  tlic  site  tliiil  waH  triKlili'iial  ill  Itic 
I  iL'litli  I'ctitiiiy,  III  11  ^'rcttii  (if  till'   lur|,-('r  diui(;ii>iuii.s   la  (ore  tliu 

KOVCIltUCIllll. 


!l 


!      1) 
i     I.. 


hi 


28 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


tcrv  iisoil  to  cniiio  here  niul  <li'iiik   tlic   wator,  wliicli.  if  I  ir.osqiip.     A  coiistaiit  train  of  iliiiil<rv'!.  Ix-nritisits  water 
tlii'V  wi'i-i'  iimoi't'iit.  iliil   iic.t  'I'irt   ilii'iii,  Imt  iiniscnuMi     to  tl 


II'  i-nv,  arc!  sci'ii  ascciidiM''  ami  iIi'sccikIhi^  on 


the 


tliiMii  if  miiitv.      Wln'ii  Silii  Miriam  (tin' Niru'iii  Marv) 


lull  shli's    l.v 


stci'li    lia 


111     In       Zi. 


Ml     (late. 


In    tl 


wastiiuiid  witlu'liilii  ain)  arfusc  I.  she  >iil)uii:  li'il  to  liiis     winter,  wlini  tin'  rains  arc  .•iliumlant.  tlit!  water  of  tliis 


ordeal,  and  was  thus  iirove 


d   •niillless  :  slii'  lli.'li 


1  |ira\ed  i  well  liidilili's  fuMli,  Iimmi  a  In 


It  lil'ty  |iaees  lielnw 


that  tlie  water  niii;ht  nevei'  harm  any  liiitldnl  uotn.m.  |  and  llnws  wilh  a  stroni;  stream  into  thi'  lirnok-  Keih' 
.ind  from  that  dav  the  waters  iiave  liei'n  inlermitlent  |  which  ihen  hceonics  a  roal  loricnt  for  some  weei<s. 
lAillowinLithuariilpath  ahove  Kedion  w c  nowt'oine  lo  '  At  siieli  limes,  in  this  (h'v  parched  land,  such  an  over- 
tlie 'ro;nli  of  Misalom,  one  ol  the  most  stiihini^  mono-  |  llo  v  eanses  a  general  holiday,  ami  |iarties  are  made 
moots  iilioul  .lernsalein.  It  is  a  munidilh,  or  sipiarc  I  from  the  city  to  enjoy  the  /''V(!.  The  water  colli'cls 
lass  of  sti'iie.  ni.'asuring  eight  feet  each  way,  cut  from  '  for   this   |)ur|Hise    in    tiie   snlitcnnincan    liasins    of   tin 


the  sol  ill  rock  of  the 


neiglilionr 


in''  hill,  from  which  it  ■  Tei 


i|.l 


li   are  nmsl 


ly  sMpplied  Iroin  the  co 


Ih'cted 


stiinils   detached    fifteen    feet.       'I'went v-timr   colnmns     rains  dra.inco  oil'  Inmi  lie'  cilv  in  wet  wi^atlier  ;   henco 


of  the   plain   Doric  order,  six  on  each  front,  are  hewn     llu'     oM'rilow. 
from  I  he  rocky  mass,  and  snpp.  rt  a  t  ria  ngn  la  r  pyramidal     auotlier  rcasiMi. 


It      .Muhainmedim    traditions    giv 


top,  e\identlv  not  of  th- 


line  si^'lc  as  llw  munnmcnl. 


The    llaiani   Sherif  (Nrosqiio  of  Omar)   is  giianled 


It   is  forty   feet    in    height.      May    not    tl Id   stone  at   all    liom-s,    night    and  day.   hy   a  gnard    of  honi 

pillar,  '■  which  is  in   the  king's  ilalc,    (l!  ."^annicl,  xvii..  consisting  of  "I'.lU'i'  angels,  alway.s  present  in  the  holy 

18,)  have  licen  Ihns  ornamented  liy  afli  ;•  hands;  "it  is  precincts. 

pilgi'ini  celestial  ga 


■dto  this  dav  .\h: 


da 


!•; 


y  a   (lecri'c   i 
son   w.atclies 


if  the  Most,    lliuh.  while  this 


d'ont    tl 


i\  I  M 'US  poi;rMii  ci'icsiiai  ^^aiiisuo  w.nciir"*  ano  pra\s  joniin  iiit;  sacreu 
— >(ew,  'I'nrk,  or  (,'liristian — still  shews  his  :,lihorrence  I  rock  (  Ml  Sahkarali ),  an  cipial  nnndier  of  infernal  spirits 
of  the  rebel  lions  son  of  I  >ax  iil,  liy  llingnig  a  sl.in'  at  this    .are  gi-oaning  in  the  di 'pi  lis  of  the  nmnntain,  condemiieil 

nionument  as  he  passes  :  aeircnnislai if « liich  .lelio-     to  snpjiort    the    s.ni-ecl    Imildiii','.   and    the   vast    plain 

shaplial,  tliejiioiis  King  of  Jndah,  "  who  walked  in  the  ,  .alioiit  if,  upon  their  iicciiisi'il  heads.  This  weight  ii 
waysof  the  liuid."  might  jiistlv  complain  ;  for  his  tomh,  heavy  enough,  lail,  beyond  this,  every  time  a  failliful 
al.socnt  ont  of  the  rock,  wit  n  .-i  I  >oi'ic  pni-lico,  is  just  In'  ;  Miissidnian,  in  a  pine  stale,  places  his  liiot  on  the 
hind,  and  ri'ceivesan  undue  propiirlion  ufihe  nngr.icions  pl.'itform.  the  mere  wi'ight  of  his  liody  angnienis,  hy 
missiles.  (Mo.se  to  this  stands  the  tomli  of  /acliaii.ili.  >i\ly  limes,  t  lie  pressure  of  the  hnrlhen  already  piled 
similarly  hewn  away  from  the  rock,  and  snrrc>niidcd  on  the  ilenions.  If  the  devoni  he  inimerous,  tlu; 
by  a  ]ilain  pyr.-iM'd.  This  is  without  an  enlr.mce,  in  snlfcrings  nf  thisc  Slitii/ntia  (evil  genii)  are  propor- 
liict  merelv  an  I  i    :i  stone.        I'"nrt  her  down  the     tioiialely    augmcnhd.    and    they   shed   tears  of  agony 


valley,  and  jii^t  abi  y  pool,  lies  .i   garden,  close 

upon  the  point  of  the  ;i        ion  of  the  v.illcy  of  dehosha- 
jdiat  with  the  valley  of  llinncnn.  thai    runs   round    at 


ilid  r;ige.  The  grealer  the  fervour  of  the  tr\w 
believers  at  the  saiici  nary,  the  more  jilcntiful  these 
teai     until  the  re>.r\  oirs  ollhe  Temple  vaults  are  tilled 


the  foot  of  Mount  /ion,  now  rising  , linn  c  lis  in   rough  '  by   'iieiii   .iiid    ioitMhw    inln   the    ncighb.inriiig  wells, 
terraced  ground,  d  .tied  with  scillered  wildnlive  trees,      Tlie  abund.ince  of  the  water  in  the  Hir  .Kvaiib  (Well  of 
Near  this 'jardi'ii  is  ,1  rnggi'd  oldli raised  on  a  rough     .lull)   is  a   measure  of  the  I'realors   gnodiicss.     Only 


broken  bank,  said  to  mark  the  spoi  of  Isaiah's  mai'ivr 
dom.  The  bank  is  protected  by  ;i  wall  of  slniies.  li;ilf 
in  ruins,  and  the  old  tree  slill  puis  I'nrth  s,'reen  foliage 
from  its  .scarred  and  ayrd  li'uuk. 


ItAUH't    SRAVL 

1'"  low  this,  in  a  litth'  con yi-yi->\  h.illow,  we  eomr 

upon  the  well  of  .loll,  li  istheJMi  llo^'.-l  ulicivAdonijah 
siimnioncd  a  nicciin^;  of  his  lollowcrs.  lo  pi'ocl.iim 
him  king.  —  a  deep  old  well,  consi^iing  of  a  tounlain. 
.1  tank,  and  iliree  diink'ng  troiinhs.  under  an  arilied 
chamber    of   rough   hewn    stones,    part   of  a    b\cgone 


prayers  .'ire  wanting  lo  ensure  alpiiudance  of  water, and 
a  conseipient  good  liarM'st." 

Siicli  is  the  legend  These  wells  an>  called,  by  the 
•  lews  and  Christ i.in.s,  the  Wells  of  .Nelicmiah  ;  and  it  is 
lieie.  we  are  told,  tli.it  the  prophet  |a'i'served  the 
.sacred  tire  of  the  .Mtar  in  concealment,  al'ler  the  depar- 
ture .if  the  Hebrews  in  captivity  to  lub\lon,  and, 
here,  he  found  it  safe  and  burning  on  his  relurii. 

Kcliirniiig  back  up  the  valley,  just  as  wo  come  to 
the  foot  of  Zion,  is  the  I'ool  of  .si|o;im  ; — 

'  Silcali'slinicli  lliat  Itiwcil 
Fast  liv  tlic.iraclcs  "I'dud." 

Mi/I, III. 

It  is  a  square  basin,  .about  llfty  fei  t  long  and  twenty 
deep,  from  which  tiicUles  a  sin.ill  sticim,  spn-ading 
\.  rdiire  where  it  goes,  but  .soon  e.>;li.iiislc,|  in  small 
i,';ii'dens  of  r.nlislies  and  cucumbers.  'I'lie  t.isle  of  the? 
waters  i>  no  longer  sweet — it  is  like  that  of  rain  w.iter 
loo  long  standing  in  a  cistern.  It  w.is  dillereiit  in 
Isaiah's  time— out  of  this  pool  was  drawn  the  w.alcr  ot 
separation,  to  be  mingled  with  the  ashes  of  the  ivd 
heifer,  at  the  l''ea-t  of'  Tabcril.ai'lo.  and  hither  was 
the  blind  man  si'iil  |o  wash  and  be  I'lc.tii  ;  (.lolin  |.\., 
II.  1  7.)  ami  ii'iw,  a  I  I  his  niipinenl,  we  see  the  pilgrims 
beiidiiii;  over  ihi'  walls  and  washing,  like  oni-elves,  in 
its  ha  11.1  Wed  w  at  els  The  scene  is  be.iutifiil  from  tliecon- 
(r.astof  ihisspot  wiihihegeiieral  iiuilityainl  an. I  sterility 
of  till' s.iil  ar.innd  .Jcrn.-.alem.  This  was  tin'  "king's 
d.'ile.  iic.ir  the  king's  garden  and  wiiie-pre.ss" — a  gar.len 
ami  pl.'.i--aiit  lirecn.  a  sparkling  gem — har.l  by  Topliet — 
a  |ii..iU.ic  dote  upon  iiclieuna  !   On  rcuching  the  brink 


FIVE   DAYS  AT  JERUSALEM. 


ts 


anovo  tills  plonsant  plnro,  tlio  wntciN,  tliiit  liavo  tlnis  I  lion- !  Ami  Ji^Jin  niiswcrinc!,  snid  unto  liiin  :  Hooai 
fur  "run  scil'tly,"  tiiniliic  over,  niiil  iliisli,  s|il;isli,  mid  tlimi  tlii'.-ic  u'l''''  liiiiMiiiL,'-- !  'riiri-c  slnill  not  bo  Icit 
rush  iVom  ;i  liiiiidri'd  liltli'  ciisciidrs.  to  Ik"  distrilmli'd  |  one  stone  ii|i(in  niinllior,  that  shall  not  he  thrown  down!" 
ill  :i  thoMsiiid  nnirnmrinL,'  rills,  (oi- th<' irriL.':iiinii  of  this  Ki'i'|iinL,' idoiiij  tln'  wmH  tow.irds  tin'  south,  we  rcmiirk 
ililiLihttul  spot.  Upon  the  rock  in  which  this  pfiol  is  duL,'  '  the  end  ot'  a  column  iultinu'  out  like  :i  ciinnon  from  an 
down  twenty  steps,  stood  the  pleasure  p;ilaee  of  David.  |  emhrasure.  This  is  the  mortice  on  which  will  In;  snp- 
'I'he  stones  comiirisin^'  its  walls  are  polished  1>\  au'es,  I  porti'd  the  alintmeul  of  the  famous  liriil^'e,  Siratli.  that 
and  carpeted  with  ivv  and  m.isses —  »  solace  and  lelief  to  imnieu'^e  pass,n,'e-way  which  is  to  he  thrown  ovir  (in 
tho  eye.s,  wearieil  with  per|ictiial  sunshine.  The  woi  ,cn  Mussiilm  ins  tell  ns)  the  aliyss  of  internal  punishment, 
of  the  valle\  — like  the  daujihlei-s  of  .Indali  of  olo—  |  and  over  which,  on  the  Day  of  the  ( ireat  .ludi;meiil.  all 
come  down  tiu'se  steps  wliieh  sliine  like  niarlde  froui  the  I  the  vtood  will  have  to  risk    a   passaire,   before   arri\inLf 

tread  of  centuries, — emne   up  and  down  the  cool    steps    at  the  mansions  of  | This  bridge,  not    ove  ■  wi'le, 

with  naked  teet,  to  till  their  pitchers.  W'r  bathe  our  '  as  «e  .see,  in  its  eonnui'iieemiMit,  is  to  be  n<>  thicker 
hands  and  foiehead.s,  and  listen  to  the  evcnini;  wind  lus  than  a  hair,  and  as  sharp  as  a  D.imascus  blado.  Many 
it  sii;hs  ii])  the  valley,  sweepin;:  o\  er  us  and  rusllini;  in  will  fall  at  the  lirst  step,  but  the  just  will  be  held  up 
jli,,  trees — a  music  the  more  delicious  to  the  ear  froui  its  ]  by  j;uardiau  aniiels  — as  iiianv  in  nuudier  as  they  havo 
HtnmijiMie.ss,  in  this  otherwi.-.e  tneh-.s,    li.u,'  and    silent  '  done  acts  of  eharil\   and  mercy  in  life. 

liiiiil.'  I       We    hav w     reached    the    ani;le    of    the    wall. 

We  now  return,  further  upcn  our  footsteps,  upwards.  Mere  is  a  projecion  like  a  seat,  and  on  this  the  I'r'ophet 
nearlv  hack  to  the  tombs  of  the  .lews,  whence  a  few  i  will  >land  on  the  D.iy  of  .1  iidyunuit,  near  the  foot  of 
linnerini;  mourners  are  hastening  homewards,  belated,  !  the  throne,  to  iiitenede  foi-  tht;  faithful.  Jesus  and 
from  a  funeral,  to  reach  the  i;ates  ere  nii;hlf.dl.      Here     .Mary  lieiie.;  by  his  .^iile 

we  cross  the  brook  Kedion.  by  the  passaite,  now  ilry,  ^  Turn  the  an^'le  of  the  southern  portion  of  the 
where  the  S.iviour  is  said  to  h.i\e  pa-sed  ovei-,  dr.i;,'L;ed  ,  eastern  wall,  atnl  we  are  mider  the  mosi|Ue  Kl  Aksa, 
alon^i;  by  the  biutal  hands  of  the  servants  of  the   lli^h  j  formerly  the  Cliurcli  of  the    I'resentation,   and    erected 

I'riest.    'i'liev  point  out  to  us  a  stone  in  its  dry  bed,  beai--  ]  by .)  iisiinian.     We  now  folhiw  Ih n<e  of  the  eonduit- 

iiii;  the  impress  of  the  knees,  the  mark  left  by  I  )ur  I. old  pipes  eonvevin;^  w.iti  r  fr.aii  S  .l.aihai  s  Pool,  just  by 
ill  tallinuoiithespot.  The  p.ath  up  here  is  sleep  and  Ion;.',  '  j'lcthlchem,  into  the  city,  iindei  the  wall,  by  the 
bv  t  he  Ci  IV  wall,  a  ml  it  will  be  as  well  to  pause  aw  hi  h' and  |  Tyrnpieon.  To  the  rij;ht  is  the  f,'rollo  whither  St.  Peter 
admire  the  "(iohlen  tJati',"  which  opened,  iii  I  lerod's  ,  williclrew  to  lament  his  fault  after  lieaiinjj  the  cock 
time,  under  thei'iistern  porch  of  the  Temple.  \\  e  h  ive  crow  throe  limes,  and  mar  to  it— just  above — on  the 
t.'ld  you  of  the  traditions  atnonj;  the  Turks  lli.il  a  eon  hill  top.  separates  I  bv  a  small  interval  from  the  Zion 
ipierinu'  Christian  Kin^'  is  to  outer  here,  and  how  they  I  (iaii',  is  the  house  of  Caiaphas,  the  I  i  i.^h  Priest,  now 
have  wallc'd  up  both  its  arches,  and  kei'p  a  .i.'uard  over  it.  !  eo\  eied  bv  a  small  Armenian  conviail. 
Here  you  will  oli.scrve  I'uoniioiis  blocks  of  stone  —  be-  In  this  ch.ipel  are  shown  a  dark  coriior,  where 
velleil  round  the i'd;,'es — the  charai'teristiesof  tlieaiicicnt  (  lirist  was  imprisoned  till  the  niorninj,'.  when  lie  was 
Hebrew  architeeturi',  and  i\ist  smdi  as  are  to  be  found  c.irried  belbre  Pilate,  and  a  liltle  to  the  west  is  the 
in  the  walls  of  Paalhoe.  dadd  wi'  remove  the  stones  [  place  wliere,  as  .some  sav.  tin'  Viri^in  diecl.  ami  wIuMioe 
from   the  arehwav,  and   enter    witliin    the    walls,    we    she  was  carried  to  her  tomb  on    Mount  ( tlivet   bv  the 


should  liiul  the  interior  jiassa^e  of  the  "(loldcn  (i.ite," 
inside  the  tower,  to  be  seventv  feet  lii;;h.  and  oriia- 
menfed  with  lofty  pillars,  beariui;  rich  and  elalior.itely 
i-arved  capitals.  'J'here  is  a  lc;_'eiid  about  the  closiii;,' 
of  this  .t;ate  rel.ited  by  Scewulf  (  \.l).  IHK!',  who  tells 
ns  of  a  lesson  of  humility  jjivcn  to  the  JMiiperor  lie 
raelius,  who  rode  np  to  this  i;ale  proudly  al'li'r  his 
victory  over  Cliosroes,  kiiii;  of  Persia,  returnini;  in  all 
the  pride  of  a  eonipieror,  and  with,  as  he  thoui;ht,  a 
jnstilicatory  oblation  in  the  True  Cross,  whiidi  he 
had  valorously  recovered  fioin  the  Intidel.  He  thus 
advanced  victorious  to  enter  the  (Iohlen  (iate  at  the 
liead  of  lii.s  cliivahy  ;  but  the  stoui's  fell  down  and 
closed  up  the  pas.sane,  so  that  the  ,i,'ite  liecanie  one 
solid  iiia.ss,  until  lleraelins,  at  the  admonilion  ofan 
nni;el,  Iminblin;,;  himself,  ^'ot  olV  his  lio|-.se,  and  so  the 
entraiu'e  was  opened  nnto  him.  The  lesson  is  a  jjiuid 
one  for  human  pride  and  human  sullic:ieiicy  in  the  tiuc 
of  (bid's  all  ab.sorbini;  vastness. 

We  are  now  under  what  were  once  the  Temple 
Halls.  These  very  stones,  if  not  so  old  as  Soliinion's 
time  (which  they  are  believed  to  be,  nor  is  there  any 
reason  to  suppose  the  contrary),  arc,  at  any  rate,  as  old 
a.s  Kiii.Lj  llerod.  Jo.sephiis  speaks  of  the  cnormiais 
proportions  of  the  materials  \i.sed  by  that  tna.tpdtiecnl 
monarch,  and  tlie.so  are  the  jjreat  stones  sjioken  ol 
(Mark  xiii.,  1,  2.)  "And  as  he  went  out  of  the 
Temple,  one  of  his  disciples  Siiith  unto  him  ;  jNlastor, 
see  what  maimer  of  stones  and   what  buildincs   me 


disi-ipli>>.  I'liey  also  show  "  the  very  stone  "  which 
secured  Our  Lord's  Sciinlchre,  a  stone  two  varils  Ion";, 
one  yard  deep,  and  one  broad.  It  is  now,  after  loiij; 
ari,niiiieiit,  recoLrniscd,  we  learn,  as  the  true  stone  ;  but 
all  .say  (.and  the  .Xniienians  do  not  deny  the  fact)  that 
it  wa.s  stolen  from  the  l.'hundi  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre. 


lAUtl    IF   aNOIHAfHU. 


H.MV      l.t 


A1.1.    KOIIND   Till';   WORM). 


ih, 


w    'il\l;lll     I'.'i'in     « 


iiiM,.  r.'(, 


tVlolU.n.  .1  ml.'  llii'  ilriii;il  ol  In  <  iii.i  .1.1 


■I'll,    « 


I'M  It  tiliiin  tM 


ii 


M'l"''    '■■ 


111. 


I'll.'.. I 


it  H|>|.;ni'i\Hv  :\  ■..•il'.'.'l.liiivi  .  ..(  rniiOi    l.im.  nlM'i      '    i  j;i> 
M.i'      (iil'.'Ul    I. .Ill'  I  Mil.' .   111.'  I Ill  "I     I    niiiiO  .■..ii'ii'.l 


>\   !;i.'.'ii  -./iliii  liiiLMii  \     I 


Ulv 


ilir..|.|.  i.'.l  \\  illi 


(lie  I 'i-i  ><ii|'|'.'i  .  ii.<\v  :i  riiiKi''.li  M.>'<i|ui<,  \\  III.  Ii  lijM  I  On  I  III.  i'4  liv.'.l  II  I  ilililin.' ..l  M  i.  K  \  .Iv  .1.  Ii  iiiii.l  in 
Ntii'.'i'i'.li'.l  t.<  ;i  .  Iiiinli  nil. I  iii'iii  i.li'iv  liH'iiii'i  l\  ...'  !  K.'l.l  I'liil.r.iiili'i  \ .  mill  li:i\iii':  in  ..  nl.ril  ii{.i'ii  il  in  ii.li 
.'ii|Mi'.l  \>\    till'  I'lillii'is  nl'  till'    II. .I\    Ian. I        I'll.'  I. ...Ill  i  fj.ij.l.'ii  l.i.i.li'i  III.;  .I'l  liiiii  \ .  iHi'M  111  I  II.'  K  I.I  III     A  •  'ii..|i\ 


HI     till' 


111. I    -.(.'lA.      I'i 


i|l'<l  lll.ll'.l    |i|      .(..III',     II 


II. I   r..iiii.'.i  .iiiv.!,  1. 1 


111',  iii.'i'ii,  mill  V. 


is     Imi:.'     .111.1     .lii'ir*.     iilmiil       lil'u 


'.|\l  \       Iri'l       II    .11 


III.     ImimIi 


Al 


.11    .  i(  III.  II. 
h.'  .11.1  .il   I 


II'  I  .'..III 


lliiitx   III   wi.lili        All    III.  I. Ill    I  i:i.|iliiiii     li.iii.Mii  |.i.'.'.' ..I    I'I  I.  I.   v.'K.'l   l:i|.i' .1 1  \ ,  .'iiil.i.'i.l.'i.'.j 

'.iIm'I.    Willi    mi    :ll  :ll..' ..Ml.'    pllli'lll    .     llll'l.    lll.'\     I. .1.1    111 


l.inj{  In   • 

KJOH,  (ll:l'  11.  IV  Our  llll'l..'.!  I,..|>l  ri'l.'l.uili'il  till!  I'll 
OM'I'.  illlil.  .11  I  111'  1  lii'-i",  lll'.lllllli'il  I  111'  S.I.  I  III II.. II I .  II. 
(ilii.    Ill'  i;:iv . 


\.r.ail....|    l.i.liii''     (..ii.av.'    iiinl.'i  ii.'a 


III        Ml    i.li' 


I',  ill.'  .;i.al  I.' 


II  I't    ''.iiiiilit  \  .  Ill  w  ,1  .Inn 


ll.l.    .1, 


llW     .llMl|.|.'.'       I.'.'(  ll.l.'     11.'      Ij'l" 


I.'     III.      .Il 


.1    IV'.iil 

'..I.I. 11  I.. 


II';    a    .'III 


(...I    III.I 


111.'  .Ia\    .'I    111.  I!.' 


.Ill  I .  .  I  i.'ii 


ill.'    \i 


.11,  I. 


di".  111.'  ...ll.l  I.'  liUM'   a'*..'iiil.|.'.l    l..!;i'lli. 


llii'  .l.i\    ..I      ..|     Il 


.1.111.1  < 
I  II    al...iil    ill.'    ll.l  :lil   "I 
il.'l.  .'.ll.l    II 


ir    III     M  lilrh    in 
\M.    I  ill  i.iIm'I   .'an. Ill" 


I.'    I. ...Ill    I  .    \  ill 


I.'    \l  iM'i    rnl  I'll 


rill.. 


I. '11    ('I.'    mil  I 


1,.    .11    ,1. 


\  .'11    t..|l';il.'  .    w  . 


I.li 


.1  I. ml, 


Il.'l  il  li.'ii 


Hum 
»llli 
'I'll.'  I'lilili'li 


(M.I 


luai\    I.    ..|ii.ilK    .'.■l..l'i.ii.  .1    III   ill..     l,iiii|.  .'I  «  111.  Il  I  II  i\.'  '.|...l..'ii  I  .  I..'|.l  ...ii'ilaiil  Iv  l.iii  mil 


i(        Il.'l'..     I>  n  I.I     I. mil    limi  ..  Il     i  |.'il 


III.I.  1.1   iin    ..ill  I'I  I'll'.  m\   .|i'\  .'III 


.'iii.l  a  l.-ml.      Ill  ir  lir   K.')'!.   I.'i    lli 


illi'.  (Ill'    \iK      II     (III 


'iii|.aiii..|i    I. ...It   Ilhii 


iK.  tli..i..ii",lil\   ...iliii  ili'il    a'.  Il     w  a  .    Willi    ..il, 


,>l    III..    (  ,'\.'iiiii1 


I'lii-   I'la,','    liill.'H.'il    |.\     111.'    I    I.I 


llliI     .\\  ,ll|..U.'.|    ll    .'  I;;. 'I 


Slll'l'l'l         W    1'-       Il    ll|..l..l  III. 


.1 


ill.'       I'll   .1         till 


l.'llll'.     I,.      Il..|    ..ll 


Iv.   .1 .ll. 

Ill 


I  \t  ll  ll  im.'l  I. .11.  mill 


i  liiin  ll     llir 


.1.1     .v.i     l..'li..l.l  II. 


ill.'     .si,..    il„ 


.l.lili 


|.i  i\  .'I .  H  ll  ll    III  iiiv    a    i; 


'null.' 


I.,   llii 


ll    I. .1111    nl     |.l 


I 


■vi   «  a-,  is'ii'-r.  1  .ll 


.1    til  .1    (  III  I'.ii  III    Hi  .III 


vili-ni.  mill    Si      I'i  i.  i     In  1.1    li 


..|   .1.1 
ll   III    ll 


■  ll  I   lii'i    I'll   lii'luli'  ill.'  I. .ml.. 


|il  IMT, 


ll    lirr    l.ili'lli  .III     III    11...    .|i 


r.ii'i.'.l  I  111-  r..ii'riiiy, 
ami   I  lii'ii    111  .si'il  It 


rliiiixli       V 


ll. 


■I    '.ll    liiilli    ilii 


tliiiv  niissi.iii    til   M'al 
I't  I  111'  I'ailli 


Hull     1.1 


i.'ii'ii    .»ii  a 


..ill 
11  ill.'  llii 


.11     III  iin   limr 


a\  III-;    r.'iiiaiiii 
iii\    'Ki'l.li.   w.' 


.1  111 
I.  11. 


ilirii     I     liiiiml 


u'l'i'  an  liiiiii  m  mmi. 
ami  I'.nal  \\  i .  my 
ir     III.. I'.,    al      ll..|IH., 


Il.'l. .«    tliw  Iv  till'  111'  I    .  i,'i'.'.l  ..r  all 


till-  i>stiiii.ili..ii  i>l  ilii'   I'm  1 


11 


irii'.l  |.l  I.'.".  Ill   1  .'III 
llii.   Ni'l.v    Paul.  '  I'l.s 


I    .1 


iiii;.'i    an 


I.     .nil    liilli'i.   mil    111    inv    ii\\K»:ii'i| 


r.iiiili  .It  ill.-  I'l.'i.liil   IViM.l      ll 


I'l.       1 1 


.1   \.l' 


,1  I.I 


nil   ill.'   (' 


I'll  1.  iimiii.     w 


.lii'.i',.|i' 
li.'ii    I..'. 


II  .    Iii.w    Mil  I'.inir 


.1  i.v    Viiit.irim .  iiii'  r 


till'   lli-li     l'ii.".|. 
ll    111.. 


It',    iia.lili.'ii.il    l.i.-alin 


I. .ml. 


.1  llll'l. 


Ill, I.'  Ill' 


•I" 


.1    l.ll,  111  I.   w  nil    \i  III,  ll 


11. '.'(.'.1    Willi    til.'    last     Siii'in'i     I'l'  ..111     1.1. 1.1.    aii.l    ill,'  I  I,.'  Ii..i|.;lil  ii|l   li, .  al  I  u  K  .  .nul  '  iil>  ..'.ini'iil  l\  li..u    11. 'i. ..I 


r.'I'iili'  I  I    It'-  .'.'III. mini: 


tl,.'  aslii"<  .'I'  ill.'  S 


«ri'l   Sill:;,. I 


1 1,1'  I, 


.'I     I'-fi.'I  aii.l    In-    -'Ml    till"    wi-r-l    lI    lii.ii.     i-    w.'ll    .i - 
nul  I. ills  .it'  I'liiii-.l    li.a-ni,'.    Iia-   1.  .1    I.i    iiiii,  li    I'lil'.iv 
oil  till'  )i.iil   li.illi  I'l    ill.'  .•,'«-  aii.l  ('111  i-li.in-  ll'  ..I'l, nil 
a.limssUM'  .  I'lil   111  x.i'ii.  li'V  llir  nil  Sli.iIJi  «  1,1.  lia-  I  li 
>-i\li'   ol"    tin-    I  'ml'    iii\  11 1  .l.l\     ii'.'i'iM-    ilu'    I'liln'    aihl 
jviliiis    I'lV    H(>,'ii     llir    -|.i',i.il..|    a    liimuiii-   nt     rii  lih 
."anopii'il  >l.ilii'   aii.l    m.'ii.ii    .'ii    lli.'    IIl.t   ..|    an    ii|i]iri 
i\>i>iii,       T.i    ,1111'    |n  i--.'ii    ..iiK.    I'l -111.'-    Sir    \1, ......    .iiiil 

\  i\\\\      Miiiili'ti.H'C.     |wli..     Will'     ..iiU     .'ill,.«i-il.     al      nil 
iiiuiiiMiM' ,-.>st,  t.i   "l.i'lu.l.l   It   llll'l. null   ill.'   Intl..'   .'I'  .1 
in  Ui.v  il.i.H',"*   li.i>  It  Lts'ii  |i.  I'liniti'.l  t.'  -.■.•  ilu'  -i.  i.  .1 
.'Ui.i   tv\val   .li'|>.i-il    .it    til.-   Ir-I    iiiil    ii..l.li'-l    I't    Kiii..:< 
Tins    w.'i-   till'    il.iiiclitiM    .'I'  a    ).ln -1.  i.iii,    l>r.    Iviivliv. 
\\  liii  wi'Ut  ili-j;ui-r,l.  .111.1  tlnis  .i.-.  iil'.'-    wli.n    -li.'   -a» 
nil.)  iliil  : 

■■  riio  iv|mt<'.l   r.-mli  .it"  lVt\i.l  is  ju-t  .'iitsi.li-  nl'  /ilii 
(iaii'.    h:\\\\   liv  till'   ('iiMi.l.'iilinii  ni'       I'l.)..!'  I!. mm.     ni.l 
till'  Annoniaii  .N-nirl.ix       It  i- -inr..iiml.  .1  l.\   an  iii,- 
pillar  jnli'  n''  luil,lin!:>.  .in. I  -i.iin.iiint.'.l  I'V    i  .liinii'  aiil 
liiii.!il-i'l        In  ilu-  liili'fi.M"  ail'  s.iiiii-  ..t  llu'  iii..-(  i;i..|i- 
1)111'  aioliili-otiiral    I'liilu'llisliiiU'iit-    iina4;iii.'ilili',    nn   tlu' 
vaii.tals  ol"  siHin'  i-i'inmii-  it'llii'  ("ni-.  i.l. 'Ts  aivliitii'tiii.' 
-    till'  t'liiiliit'ul  ,i\vl  iVi'il|'\  HI;:;  tlir  ]ili.i'    nt'  tin-    i'l..ts-ir 
ar.mtlius  ..uiil  tlu-  my-tio  t.iliis      Wi-  |.a.s-i'.l  si'vonil  halls 
an.i  o.>rii.i>'i'sU't.i|'»'  ii'.uliini:  tin-  i'.iiis<-('i-.iti',l.i|iai  timnl. 
tlu  I'litriiu'i'  til  wliii'li  is  mi.'inii'il  l.v  il.inl.li'  ii.'ii  .I....1'- 

li.  tiMiit  nt  tlii'si'.  an  aj;i  il  .KiMsh  l.iv  |H'..strati'  in 
t'anii'st  pi-:>y<'i'  nii  tlu'  sinm'  tlisiv.  aii.l.  n.it  ln'inu  I'lni 
li'i;i'<l  ti>  I'titi  r  wnliin  llii'  s.uti'.l  pfni  iiu'ts,  lio  j^i/i.l 
iHiriviy  at  tlir  Inuil.  tiilN'Hcli  tin-  iiMii  Ivii's.  Tlii'  Kl'^ 
wa.s  liii'hiii.  till'  .ii'vxisli  liiMins-.'.l,  .Hill  tlii' ilnnr- 1 1.-,  .1 
..'.ll  il.iiMo  Ux'ktvl  Uliiiiil  us.  riic  nvHii  i.s  iiisijjinii 
i..r;  in  lis  ilinu'iisi.ir-.  Init  ^^nrp-niisly  l'iiriuslu',1 
iii.il  .ii'v    ^.llI^i  t.'  |'i\s!uoo  a  s;>lcn.iiil  I'tVctt.      11, r  t..ml' 


'I" 


.ill.  I   I  I, ami. I 


I  w  a\  '  ..III,. 


till  ml  III..  .. I    'iiilil  aii.l  |ii ,  I  lull  .  i;i.. ..ll  .   ami  ll.l \\    i  w  n  nl 

.  Il.ri..r.s   oil, ll.l.   wi'i.'    .1,1111   l.\    .1    w  I'.illil'iil  ll,,mi.    ll,at. 

Iiin'.l  li'illi  limn  I  lu'  I  'iiili.  |  .ii{i{iii'.i'il  In  1...  I  Iin 
111. .mil    .'I     til.'    .11.'    .ii\i'iii|     Willi     till'    l.la.'l,     xi'Im'I. 

Ii|'.'-li\^   .'iml    lii'vv     ll.'iii.l    ill.'   l.iii:;    Imill  ii|i    a    jirii 

|.iti.n..|\    imiili  III    wliiii'      lull,'        .\iiii||i,'i  I'lii.'in,  liT, 

III    «1 1    -.'1,11'    linl    I.    I'iii.il.   I'l.. I,).', mill  i.|     I'll. I. .la, 

III.I     will.     Nl'.lliil      .l.lll.ll.'lll       ll.iilll      I    llill  Il.'l",     llll'l 

till'  Inllnw  111;;    .im  \    nl   llil  .  I. 'Mil. 

'    I'll    Ml. lint    /.lull    111     ilii'    '.i'|iiil.'lii('s   ,.r  III,'   II. .lis,. 

nl    I  Vi\  I.I  a  11. 1  1 1  111. I  ill.'  L  111'.;-  w  111!  r.'ioiu'i  I  .llll'l  III  III. 

I   In  i'niisi'i|iii'iii'i'  nl  till'  I..1I.1W  ii,o  ,  n'.iiiiislan.'.'.  liiiwi'M'i, 
'  I  ill-  |ilai'i'  1-  ll.l  I'll  \  In  In'  111  I.I  in     .1 . It  in'i'-i'iil      I'llti'i'ii 

\i'.i|..  ai;ii.  ni I    till'  wall',  nl    I  Iin  jilain  nl    \Viii-lii|i    mi 

Mi'uiil  /mil  l.'il  .l.'wii.  wlii.li  llii-  |,.'ilriaii'li  nnli'ii'il 
I  111'  I'l  1,-1  1.1  I  I'l  la  1 1  1  In  1  ..mm  I  ll.l. .1  111  III  I..  I  I  Ki'  -|..ii.'s 
li.'m  ill.  ..iioiii.il  w.ill  ,.|  /i.iii.  111,1  I,.  ,'iii|.|..\  ill,. Ill 
Ini  ilia;  I'lii  |...-.'.  wliuli  ,'.. mill  III.I  w.,-  ,.I..'X,',I  I'w,, 
lal'i'iili'i-  wliii  wi'i,' i'i|oa;;ril  111  iliL;'.;inL; -Inln' -  lr..m  ill.' 
\  .  I  \    1.. II 11. I'll  inn  III   till'   w  .ill-  ..|    /lull.  Iia|i|..  Ill  .1  I..   1,1,  rl 

Willi  mil'  w  111,  h  l.ii'iiii'.l  I  111'  111. 'Ill  ll  ..r  .1  .aM'in.  I'liry 
a^ii'i.l  I..  I'lili  I  llii'iavn  .nul  -.'ai.li  L.r  ,  ri'.isnr,' .  .'in, I 
111  I'lilsiiil  nl'  lilts  .iliji'.l  lli.\  |ii'ii,'l  ial,',l  In  a  l.,ii;,' 
liall,  Mi|i|,.'i  liil  liy  Jiillarn  i'l  iii.iil.li'  iminliil  wiili 
i^nl.l  ami  siUiT,  lii'l'm'.'  wlii.li  -i..,..!  a  i.il.l.'  willi  a 
oi.l.li'ii  si','|ilrn  ami  ii-nw  n  I'ln-wa-  tlin  Si|.iil.'ln-,' 
nt'  l>a\i.l.  Kiiii,'  ot'  Israil,  In  llin  Inll  nl'  wliii'li  tlii'y 
-iw  tliat  nt  S..l.iniiin  mul  nt'  .ill  lIu'  kiiii;s  ol'  .lii.lali 
wli.i  wt'ii'  l.iirii'.l  I  lull'  :  llii'v  liirtlii'i'  s.iw  IncKcl 
.  lu'-ts,  aiiil  ili'sii'i'.l  In  I'lili'i-  till'  ll  ill  til  I'xaniinn  tliniii, 
I'lit  a  Mast  ..f  will. I  liUn  a  stnl'in  i-siicl  ri..|ii  tlin  oaMTli, 
mill  |ilMstralril  I  il.  Ill  11  jn..-I  lilnli'-s  n]...|i  IJu'  o|-.iiiiiil. 
Tiny  lay  iii  tin-  -t.iln  nil  tlin  nvnniiij;,  wli.'ii  tliny 
1  I  ll.l  a   \oii'0   cmuiiaiiiliiij;    tluiii   to   riso   iiji  mul   go 


nVl-    OV\S    AV    .IKUI  SVt.KM. 


w 


""I    U'l        •     ,y,, 

I ''I  "llli  irnlil. 

> '  '.  Ii.ii I  II, 

r-'ll     ll    111   rirli 

'II,  ,\..,„,l,, 

III.  II.    '.  Ilil'  1. 

I  "I  'I.' 1 

llllll.l,l,.l,.,l  II, 

llli'V    ln|,|    „„, 
III,  |!,.,|,|„H 

III  »llh|i  ,., 
■ill'  I    .illi.ll,. 

II liiiii; 

nlrlv.l     Milli 

'I'll.'  i:..|,|,.,| 
il  l>  liiM  iiiiij;, 
II    l""l,   lioii'i 

I  '      "llll      Mil, 

III! ,  mill 

!;''iHill.\iiiii. 

I     "I      I'l   M,.|. 

Ii"  |■•'^.■||||,,, 
I'll  ki.nl  II 
iillr  I'l  lllnl,< 
■•III    HI.    IIIV 

•'  ll  1 ■.. 

*      :l»lvH;ll,| 

l!;ll      I'll...). 

'I"  I    iIn^ 

'Mill     "III,  ll 

l"»  II. I,., I 

;i».ix    

!..»  I  W..  ,,| 
l.lllll'  lll.'ll. 
I"'  lIlK 
■|>      \i.|\,.t 

||   .1    |ini- 

l.'lllrl|.|-, 

ril.lrl;l, 

^t>.     Il'lis 

II..I..S,. 
ll'  I  llllll. 
.»  r\  I'l, 
l''lll,.,.|| 
lllji  .11 
M.lrlv,) 
('  sl.ilMV.i 
'\      llll'lll 

T«,, 

.'Ml  lilr 
I..  III.',. I 
II,,., 
.'Mill 
:l     I.I,,;,' 

I    ,» 1 1 !  I 

Willi     ;l 
'Ul.lllv 

II  lIli'V 

.iii.i.'iii 

ii.'L.'il 
I  linn, 
i\.rii, 

■'Mill, I, 

tli-.y 
111    go 


o  <W  iv.tvvuvh.  .-.I  <.it'-vi...-.l    li.m    '<t   «!'>'     '■>->  >"' 
;^,„   ,,,,,,,,,..vn.   oil.  .t.lu-  -;.-'''•'■•>'■  ;''••«'•-" 

,,„  „,'.i,,„Mi.-n.  ..n.i.Mu.,.,1  ill- '«;' ';''rrv '" 

i„.'vur.M>  '"i>-v.n.-.i  ,)i.-  yMUMvU  .i.:.<  «;-    "•'•'-. 

.-non'a  <ti.-  S.iM.l.'Wot   ll..<    II.Misi.   ■>(    IVni.l   «"•!  •'« 
ll,.-  Ktuusof  .1,1,1  .)i       \'\w  ivXomli  ,'ni.'iv-l  ih.pli.'K 
t,>lv  «  «n.-.l  »\\  ^>'  K"  t"  '">'•'  "  -i''-'"!!'^  "^""  '^''O 
on.-  to  ill,-  ,-,>"■.  lit  •'  1^ 


T  H  I      I  0  M  11     01      IM  V  111 

W','  >-.-i;,.'  I'.-vtli  Ir.-ni  ill.-  r.-iul-  ,-('  1  Vi\  i.!,  in,!  1>¥ 
til.'  liclil  '-I  'll''  i,i''''ii.  ;;  1  «'  >l''"ii  up.. 11  .li'Hi-.:il.'iii. 
Tin-  lull  -l.'i-.-- .I.'w  n  t."  ili,--,'nlli  l.\  I.TiMi',"..  ;,ii,l  is 
ol  ;i  Xi'll.-w  i-.li  i-.-l.-iii  :iu.l  l.irv.u  ,i|'|''' n  uu'.'.  ,'|'.-uiii:; 
in  I, -nil  .'I  :i  i-n-si-i'Ut  i.-w  ,r,l'- 1 1.,-  ,  il  v  l'\  lli,'  lull  li'.;lil. 
o;   ihi'  li.iix,'-.!  ill, .,-11  .'I  .1,1,1.1-1      1,1    Vi'iil      «,'  l.'.'l.  .',,1 

lllX-U     Hl,:,t    VV.-,S..ll.-.-liu'    l,',.'ll.--l      '...ll,'     111     ill.'     ".'ll.l.      'I'l"'     '^■"     "•    '■'     """"      ''"'    ^''"''^     "'■    •I'l'"    l"H"l         """ 

.;,,.,, I      ..    ll,    1,1.1. .\     \\,l.|..      II,. I     |.l.',.,,,l      »,lll     ■ll'l.ll, 

il,„|     |,il  I,.,.,        ri |..ii,,,.;    11,    ill.'    .   ,   I. -Ill   I'll!      ''   "ll 

ll    I,,,,,,     I,',  |,   I,,      I,  ,'|,   I.',"   .    1,1 11, v    ll.  ,".l,i  -.    1 1  I,,'; 
,>^^.<  ,,\,'l'    ,',,1,    ..ll,,,      ,1-,'    ,.,.,lllllll",, .    '»'>'  ■.    I"    -»l"'l" 

||„.     |>,    ,,|     S,',     ll,    .       Ilil,,..  '.     ,,,     ll,,'     '1,    I   .11"'  I'"    'll" 

,,'.;!, I    ,.  ll,.'  1.'   ,,ii,l,il  .'  I'l  I,,,. I'   "t  ill.     M"  '|'i'"l   ""III. 

''    (1,,'  .;l,ll.',,ii';  .1 ',   ,,,.1   ll'.'  .  ,„l"iil'  '1  -  ill-     I-  'I'   ''ll 

Mi„l    i„':,r   :,,,'    l"iiil".     ,i,  1    n,,,'           \     ""<■••  i     'I      '''  '"" 
'-••»■.      .tfiaiOV  C      ,  '|.:i,'...v.  ,     ,11  ,     ,,.,'   ..ll.  1.'    ill.    ^ .   "I    ll  ,    i,,.i,       11, 

K     1 1,, 1 1,  ll,,'  i..|,  ,.r  ill,.  1,1  ..ll  ,,,,,,  ,1.  I  .  ..I  ill.    M..  .|'i.'  ,1,1", 

.  ,s^      ,.;U     in     i..,,\,,-,    w  I.,.  I,     ;i,,,,i.,'ll        ,■,,,,,      I       ll     Ml,    .  .  ll... 
"^'^  ijiPH^        '>.'J'^   -^    Ir.'iii   \.i,i"iM  |..iil  "I    ll"'  "'ii^         I'l..     1,,, I.'.  ...M    'lis 

ill.'    ..,.11,1.1    ..I    |',,i\.|-    li'.iN    I','     1:     ,1.1     11 1    'I'  I"     'I'  III 

Im     'il,...-   I.i.'nk'li';    ill.'      il.i,,.'        I'll'    '     I'l.U'i'    "I     "■""  ' 


'''-^'       •',     Ii.,'    II,     i,,i,i,l.,i.      Ill, I     li.iN.'    .'.,.1,     ill'  ir    .'ll"il'  ll 

,„,.        |.'„„|.   iImI     ..r  .livl'i.'.l,  '...'',,/A     s.iil'h)  .     ,1,,;, 

;",     «.'    l,-:irii     lr..ii.     III.'      Mnl.iL.t      , ,,     ...11..!, 

,1,,'    ,    iii,.||.;    ,.1     ll,.      Mill    ,n.'.l.,ll    l'',lll,l,     -^.i;    ...,,, I''   "I 

'..        \.l:,,l,,      :ll       ill.        .Ill       ull.  II,        ill    'I       111'     •    M   'll 

„.,,      f,..,|,       ll„.      I.  II.      II  .1       r.ll.l.ll    .'.       ll'  ,«.     I"l       ll"' 

lii-,!  111,,.- III.'  i,.^iii  .-r 'I  ,\.  iH.i  "1.  i.'i.i  . .111..111  ll"' 

l.'MI-    ,,(       |„',|.,l,l  ll      'l.llKll.  ■'  -^i  ,  ..ll'l.     Ilf     I'l.l^'   1      "I' 

n,,,|.|.iy    x:<,il.illi    /ii,,l,i'n.   , .'.,!.. I    l.\    Ainilii, 1    il"' 

,.,,-MM,.li  ..I  111.-  " I'  In  .    "ll    I    .1  "■         riiii'l.   Ill  ll' 

2iL-*,..{=..,.iV«r'''»fT;*'         ..fill.,  iiii.l.ll 1"'   .l.n   .-''"'A   -■■'•I.  ll"    "M I"" 


ABSALOM   S    10MB, 


..iMciLili'--  ,ui.ii,iii.l.'  "11  ."llllll';  l"iili  1 1 Ill''  l"ll>  "I' 

till-    wll.ili'.       Kmilll,     Ilil-    lilM.\.l'    al,    . A.'lliii-     {aii/'ilh 


I  I 


ALL   ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


Mughrvh)  was  uttpred,  towards  twili},'hl,  by  Jesus 
Christ,  to  ;iR>uro  tlie  Ktcriml  of  )iis  own  subniissiim 
and  that  <'f  the  Virgin  Mary.  L)\8tly,  the  tiftli,  that  of 
the  night  (ixiJath  Krebo),  has  Moses  for  its  authur;  tlmt 
propht't.  having  lust  himself  wliili^  going  forth  from 
Miilian,  was,  jiisit  at  niglitfall,  in  tlie  [ilaiii  of  Wudy 
Eyhani,  c-oiiiforted  liy  the  voioc  of  God,  iind  composed 
this  prayer,  in  thankful  acknowli'ilgment  of  His  mercy. 
And  thus  ends  our  first  day  in  Jerusalem. 

IV.— MOUNT    ZION    AND    THE    JEWS. 

To  "go  round  about  Zion  ami  mark  well  lier  bul- 
warks," ^in>)  see  her  beauty  an<l  hi'r  strength,  is  a  task 
that  n-ipiins  no  slight  )>edfstriaii  strenglli,  as  well  as 
determination,  in  a  jiilgrim  traveliiT  We  are  up  and 
out  early,  strongly  tempted  everywhere  througliout  our 
route  by  narrow,  intricate,  half-covered  streets,  or 
rather  .-illeys,  darkened  with  ean\as  where  not  l)y 
arches,  to  turn  aside  hither  and  thither  by  celebrated 
loca'ities.  long  Ijefore  we  have  reaeluMl  the  gate  of 
Zion.  I'ii>sitig  through  this,  we  ])laee  ourselves  once 
moreat  tlu-  HouseofCaiajdias,  where  we  ))ause(l  last  night 
in  the  f  •ot-.tepsof  the  Saviour,  leaving  him  imprisoned, 
and  awiiitiiig  the  morning  to  be  taken  before  the  San- 
he<Iriui  or  Council  of  tlie  Jews,  by  them  to  be  con- 
demned, mocked,  and  bla.sphemously  maltreated.  We 
prix-t-ed  on  our  way  to  the  s]iot  where  was  the 
Council  Clianil«er,  tirst  pausing  to  look  down  upon  the 
Chri>tian  biirving-gi-ounds.  That  of  the  English  is  on 
the  .south  slojie  of  Zion,  overlooking  the  Valley  of  Uin 
nom.  Here  lie  liishoji  Alexander,  Ixobert  BaU^son, 
M  I'.,  Dr.  S<hultz.  the  Prussian  Consul,  and  others. 
That  of  the  Ameriwin  Missionaries,  which  is  on  the 
Hill  of  Zion  itself,  though  but  a  few  years  e.stablishec', 
ha.^  some  remarkable  names.  The  burial  ground  ot 
the  Homan  Catholics  is  nearer  to  the  gate;  and  the 
story  of  an  nnfortunat-e  there  buried  is  so  eurio\is  a- 
to  be  worth  noting.  This  is  Costigan,  an  Irish  tra- 
veller, who  was  the  first  in  modern  days  to  navigule 
the  De.id  S«^  (a  feat  since  sviccessfully  perforu'cd  'n  a 
thoroughly  profes.'^ional  style  by  Lieutenant  Lynch  ol 
the  American  Navy),  and  whoso  death  from  so  doing 
the  snjierstitlon  of  tlie  jjeople  hereabouts — Jew  as 
well  a.s  Christian — have  invested  with  peculiar  terrors. 
He  had  a  boat  brou^dit  over  from  the  Mediterranean 
to  Lake  Til»erias  and  came  down  the  Jonlan  ;  sliding 
through  its  rapids  with  .some  danger,  and  even  enter- 
ing with  it  into  the  Dead  Sea,  into  which  its  waters 
constantly  ]»<ur.  and  where  it  loses  itself  He  had 
odIv  a  Maltese  siilor  with  him.  and  they  rowed  toge- 
ther round  the  .scsi,  taking  eight  days  to  acconi|>iish 
that  journey.  On  their  return  Costigan  was  e.xhuwste(l. 
It  wiLs  in  the  month  of  July,  and  from  nine  to  live 
dreailfully  hot  :  even."  night  a  north  wind  blew,  and 
the  waves  wen- Worse  than  in  the  Gulf  of  Lyons.  'I'l  ey 
had  .sutfered  e.xecndingly  from  the  heat,  .so  the  s.iilor 
reported;  Costigan  taking  his  turn  at  the  oars  for  the 
first  five  days:  on  the  sixth  day  the  water  was  ex- 
hauste<l.  and  Costigan  gave  in.  On  tlie  seventh  day 
they  were  obliged  V)  drink  the  water  of  the  sea  ;  ami 
on  the  eighth,  they  were  near  the  head  o(  it,  the  .sailor 
al-io  iHfing  e.\hau>t«-d,  and  unable  any  longer  ti>  pull  an 
oar.  There  he  iua<le  cotlee  from  the  water  of  the  sea; 
and  a  favourable  wind  springing  nji,  they  hoi.stcd  their 
sail  for  the  first  time,  and  in  a  ti-w  hours  reached  the 
head  of  the  lake.  Fe«'ble  at>  he  wa,s,  the  .sailor  set  off  for 
Ji'richo;  and,  in  the  meantime,  poor  Costigan  was  found 
by  some  ArabK  ou  the  tJiure,  a  dyiuy  man,  and  by  the 


intercession  of  an  old  womnn  was  carried  to  Jericho.  He 
was  ne.\t  conveyed  up  to  .lenisalem,  where  he  died  in 
the  Uitin  Convent ;  but  he  never  once  afterwards  re- 
ferred to  his  unhaiipy  voyage;  remaining  silent  and — as 
the  peiijile  about  him  imagined  — terror  stricken  at  the 
horrors  lie  liad  seen  while  floating  over  the  doomed  cities 
of  Sodom  and  Gomorrah.  We  now  enter  the  city  by 
the  Zion  Gate.  Turn  to  the  left  towards  the  Jewisji 
ipiarter  where,  even  belore  reaching  it,  we  find  our 
.selves  in  the  midst  of  all  kiml  of  filth,  ruins,  and 
<le.solato  wiLsto  groiin<l  overiun  with  the  cactus.  The 
walls  of  the  Armenian  Convent  ri.se  high  on  one  side, 
shutting  out  all  view  ;  on  the  other  siile  the  ground 
.shipesdown  towards  the  Tyropa'on  through  half-ruinous 
hou.ses  over  to  the  site  where  the  Temple  enclosure 
rises.  A  little  on  one  .siile  are  the  houses  of  the 
lepers — a  loathsome  race — whom  we  must  avoid. 
See  where  "  the  gra.ss  upon  the  house-tops"  is 
"  withered  before  it  be  grown  up."  See  where  the 
woman  is  sitting  at  that  hovel-door,  spinning  woollen 
yarn  with  a  s])indle,  while  another  near  her  is  twirling 
tlifianoitiut  djatafn 


#^- 


■•'^m^i 


JENS'   (UARTER    JERUSALEM. 

As  we  are  looking  over  the  Tyropceon,  the  Valley  of 
the  Cheesemongers,  in  coming  down  the  slope,  towards 
the  Temple  wall — that  within  the  city — let  us  imagine 
one  .scene  of  the  olden  time.s.  Take  the  Temple  in  its 
.splendour;  the  I'riests  in  all  theii'  power.  Let  the 
murderess  queen,  Athaliah,  hear  acro.ss  the  Tyropceon, 
as  .she  .sits  stately  in  the  Zion  Palace,  the  rejoi'  ingsof  the 
peojile,  as  the  High  Priest  j)oints  to  the  young  king, — 
preserve<l  within  those  sacred  precinctsfrom  the  wholeside 
murderofhis  race  (2  Kings,  xi.  10)--  'Trea-son!"  she  cries, 
and  ru.slies  over  the  connecting  b ridj'je  from  the  Palace 
to  the  Ttunph^,  but  the  High  Prost  orders  her  to  be 
t;iken  out  immediately,  "and  the)  laid  hands  on  her," 
and  carried  her  out  down  by  "the  Horse  Gate,"  to 
Kedron,  and  there  wa.s  she  slain.  The  "  great  stones  " 
of  part  of  one  arch  of  this  bridge  that  Athaliah  crossed, 
on  which,  too,  Titus  stood  in  order  to  hold  a  parley  with 
the  Jews  in  the  Temple — are  still  here.  Let  us  measure 
this  one  ;  it  is  twenty-five  feet  long,  another,  twenty  ; 
the  width  of  the  bridge  we  can  tell  from  the  spring  of 
the  orch  remaining,  and  its  length  must  have  been 
over  the  Tyropieon  from  Zion  (as  it  were  from  Snow 
Hill  to  llolburu  Hill,  across  the  Valley  of  the  Fleet) 


7. 


'?  to  Jpriclio.  He 
lieio  he  died  in 
o  af'terwardn  i-e- 
1,'  silent  and— as 
•  stricken  at  tlie 
ho  doomed  cities 
Iter  the  city  by 
ids  the  Jewish 
■.  we  find  our 
til,   ruins,  and 
e  cactiia.     The 
til  on  one  side, 
It!  the  gi-ound 
fli  lialf-ruinous 
"J>le  enclosure 
liouses  of  the 
must   avoid. 
lOUse-tops"    is 
t'e   where  the 
ining  wooDpi, 
K'r  is  twirling 


Valley  „f 
'i  towards 
s  iinaijiiio 
ii>le  in  its 
Let  tlie 
)Toj)a3on, 
I'gsofthe 
;  king,— 
wholesale 
shecries, 
e  Palace 
Ji-   to  be 
in  her," 
fate,"  to 
stones  " 
crossed, 
ey  with 
neasui-e 
wenty ; 
ring  of 
6  been 

Snow 

Fleet) 


J) 


."i\ «      .  •',  •  r  /' 


,   .-i»'H^i        III 


'      *-H     :     ,f( 


T. 


t'i 


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FIVR  DAYS  AT  JERUSALEiM. 


17 


not  loss  tlmn  tlirno  hundred  n\v\  fifty  foot.  Of  course 
thcri'  must  liiivo  liccii  scvcriil  [licrs  iukI  iirolips.  Wliiit  a 
niajjiiitinht  |mMmn;ii  iilmij;  tliin  ciiUHowiiy,  from  tlio 
floutli  pori'li  of  till'  'rruijili'  til  /inn  ! 

Itiit  tlii.i  \h  not  till'  plai'i-  to  M|ii'iik  of  tlio  ((lory  of 
Zioii.  Wu  iirt!  now  iiriiriii'^  lur  w.ill  ;  lli;it  n.irrow 
|)iiss;inr  likr  ii  roniilnr  ii|ii-ii  to  till'  sky,  with  tliat  Ihil,'i' 
nmssivo  will!  risini.'  .iImmii  forty  frri,  mul  iit  tlui  Imso  uf 
the  wall  wliirll  .sil|i|iiilts  tlir  Wi'sl  siili'  of  tlir  Tiiiiiili' 
uri'ii,  is  till'  Witi/iiiij  /'/lice  of  tlio  .lows.  |)oiilptliss 
tlioso  liirj^o  stoiii's  willi  lii'volli'd  ('il;;os — souio  of  ihoiu 
htill  |irisi'iviiii{  till'  jiiilisli  so  oiirofiilly  tooloil  ii|Hin  tliiin, 
as  ymi  will  notioo  on  tlio  olil  Kjiyptiaii  niniiuuii'iit^i  — 
I  ■1110(1  piirt  of  tlio  (I'lnnhitions  of  tlio  Holy  'IViiiiilo 
itw  !.  (,'ortiiinly  tlii'v  aro  not  lator  than  Iloroil's  day. 
Hor»'  wo  SIX'  a  sad  and  allii'tini;  slight,  tlio  most  jiainfiil 
pporlac'lo  in  .lorii.H;ilriii  ;  tlioro  iiio  at  loast  tilty  Jow.s, 
old  and  young,  \vlii(o  liradod,  tiirlianiioil,  fur-iMpliod,  or 
I'ro.il-hattod,  aloii<;  tho  wall,  |ir.'iyin;;  and  laiiioijtini;, 
with  tears  running;  down  tloir  oliroks.  Thoy  lay  thoir 
foiohoiids  Hi,'ain.st  tho  saoroil  stonos.  thoy  kids  tlioni. 
'J'liiy  loan  ai;ainst  tiio  wall,  and  sooniiiiL;ly  try  to  |iray 
tliroii',di  crarks  and  iToviofs.  Tho  t  i.-idition  whiili  loads 
thoni  to  |iray  thriiinjh  as  woll  as  ii,i;.iiiist  this  wall  is, 
that  iluiini<  the  liiiildiiii;  of  tho  'I'oinplo.  a  oloinl  rostod 
ovin' it,  so  as  to  |iroM'iit.  any  ontranoo;  and  Solomon 
stood  at  tho  door,  and  prayod  that  llio  oloinl  iiiiyht  lio 
romovod,  and  piomiMd  that  tho  Tomiilo  should  always 
bo  oponoil  to  nion  of  oviiv  nation  dosiiin^'  to  olfor  up 
prayers;  whoroiipon  tho  l/nd  roniovod  tho  oioiid,  and 
|ironiisod  that  tho  priyors  of  all  poopio  oHiiod  u]i  in 
that  place  should  tind  aocoptanoo  in  liissi;;lit;  and  now, 
as  tho  .Mussulman  lo,i|s  it  over  the  plaee  wlioro  the 
'rem])lo  stood,  and  tho  Jew.s  aro  not  perniitted  to 
oiitor,  they  endeavour  to  iiisinuato  thoir  prayers 
throujjh  the  crevices  in  the  will,  that  thoy  may  rise 
from  tho  intoiior  to  the  tin  .no  ot  Grace  (.see  p32) 
How  lonj;  and  fervent  their  prayers!  See  how  they 
stand,  with  the  ri;,dit  foot  extended,  aiid  the  ISilile  in 
their  hand,  intoning  the  Laniontations  of  deroniiah 
(v.,  21,  22,  L'.'!',  or  the  l'>alnis  of  |)aviil  or  sinj^ini;  with 
Isaiah  (l.xiv.,  9-11)  :  "  lie  not  wr.illi  very  sore,  ()  Lord, 
iioither  ronioiiilior  iniipiity  for  over.  ISohold !  seel 
wo  lie.seecli  'I'lioel  wc  are  all  Thy  peo|il('.  Thy  Holy 
cities  aro  a  wilderness,  Zion  is  a  wilderness,  Jorusahni 
a  desolation.  Our  holy  anil  heaiitiful  house,  where 
our  fathers  jiraised  Thee  is  liiirned  up  with  tire,  and 
all  our  plexsant  thinijs  are  laid  wa.sto."  Benjamin  of 
Tudela  mentions  this  touchins;  custom  in  the  twelfth 
century.  After  tho  capture  of  the  city  liy  Adrian,  the 
Jews  were  excluded  fiom  enlerinj^  within  Jerusalem, 
and  it  was  not  until  the  age  of  Constantino  that  they 
were  permitted  to  approieli  so  as  to  hehold  Jeru.salem 
from  the  neijjlilioiiriiij;  hills.  At  loiiglh  they  were 
allowed  to  enter  the  city  once  a  year,  on  the  day  on 
which  it  was  taken  hy  Titus,  in  order  to  wail  over  the 
ruins  of  the  Temple  ;  hut  this  privilege  they  had  to 
purchase  of  the  Konian  .soldier.s, 

Tho  present  conditi  in  of  tho  Jew  at  Jeru.salem  is 
exactly  what  it  was  when  Nehouiiah  attempted  their 
restoration.  "  Tli'.;  remnant  that  are  loft  in  the  cap- 
tivity, these  are  in  great  atlliction  and  reproach." 

All  the  Jews  in  I'alestine  are  under  the  .sjiiritual 
domination  of  a  Chief  Kalibi,  called  Clinckhdiii  liushi, 
"  the  First  in  Zion."  He  is  assisted  by  a  special 
council  of  seven  leading  rabbi.s,  and  a  Large  numlier  of 
sub-i-abbis.  Hither,  to  the  Holy  City,  asking  but  to  lay 
their  buuesin  JebuKka]>hut,  Jews  crowd  from  all  parts 


of  the  world  ;  but  there  is  no  trade,  no  cmploympiit, 

and  thoy  aro,  consoriuontly,  niisernbly  poor.  The  muIi- 
Rcriplion  for  tho  Jews,  goiiondly,  throU'^hout  tho  world, 
does  not  avail  to  allow  the  |H)orer  .lews  more  than 
thirty  shillings  a  year,  on  which  wretched  pittance  they 
live  iiiisordily,  starve  and  die,  constant  in  their  tailh, 
thoiiudi  strongly  tonipted  aside  by  schools, and  hospitals, 
and  allowanoos,  and  employment,  otl'ored  in  pious  /oal 
by  the  dim  rent  divisions  of  I'rotostant  Christians,  who 
lay  out  large  sums  of  money  annually  in  .lorusidom  for 
tho  )iiirpo,se.  The  convertod  Jew  is  desiii.sod  by  his 
biothron  and  reg.irdod  iis  a  dead  man  ;  but  the  un- 
lonvortod  Je.,'  is  looked  down  u|ion  alike  by  Christian 
and  Turk,  nay,  it  would  cost  a  Jew  his  lite,  even  at 
this  niomont.  should  he  venture  into  the  (Jliurcli  of  the 
Holy  Sopiilchio,  or  I'veii  within  the  outer  court  of  his 
liolovodTompli',  Thoy  arodivisible  into  Sephardimand 
Askoiiarim,  or  the  Spanish  and  (iornian  communities, 
or  soiithorn  and  iioitliorii  Jews,  the  latter  numbering 
4, 000,  tho  fornior  about  7,000.  Kacli  class  has  its  own 
synagogues,  and  aro  again  divided.  The  old  1'hari.sees 
.'.till  niiiain  in  the  rorotis-choiii,  which  means  ''.sepii- 
i-,ilod"  or  "isolated."  The  class  lussuming  that  title 
atloct  great  piety,  and  a  knowledge  of  the  mysteries  of 
•he  Kaliala.  Almost  all  agree,  however,  in  adopting 
the  Talmud  and  its  traditions  as  their  canon.  Yet 
tlici-e  is  a  .sect  of  Jews  which  rejects  i  verything  but 
tiie  sacred  Scri|ituri's  ;  but  it  isa  very  snuill  community, 
ami  rarely  ropioM'iitod  in  Jerusalem.  That  swarthy 
proud-looking  follow  with  the  pitchfork  in  his  hand  («<« 
p.  49),  lominds  us  that  tho  Itechabite.s,  still  exist,  and 
boast  their  dosoont  from  .Ictliro,  the  father-in-law  of 
Jlose.s.anil  High  I'riostof  Jlidian.  Thoyarestilldwellers 
in  tents,  and  still,  as  in  the  time  of  Jeremiah,  oli'er  an 
e.\aniplo  to  the  faithless  sons  of  Israel  (Jeremiah  xxxv., 
!"<).  Tiny  drink  no  wine,  and  would  deem  it  a  trans- 
gression to  dwell  ill  houses  or  obtain  a  living  otherwise 
than  by  agriculture. 

Near  this  wall  or  Wailing-Place  is  a  hospital  founded 
for  the  Jews  by  the  humanity  of  M.  do  Itothsehild, 
Kach  bed  bears  the  name  of  one  of  the  members  m 
that  family — a  nionumont  of  their  charity.  Here,  too, 
is  a  school  for  Jewish  children  recently  erected  — 
and  bountilully  supported  by  Sir  Moses  Montetiore,  but 
bore,  as  everywhere,  the  Jewish  quarter  is  full  of  dirt, 
and  dust,  and  nasty  smells.  The  men  have  a  nuigiii- 
licent  ii]ipearance,  in  spite  of  all  tho  poverty  uud 
the  squalor  around. 

Having  seen  tho  Jews  in  their  present  degradation, 
we  now  revert  to  the  Jesvish  Sanhedrim,  in  its  haughty 
pride,  and  look  for  the  place  whither  the  Saviour  of 
the  world  was  brought  before  tho  Council  of  the  Jews 
to  be  questioned.  We  tind  it  in  the  present  Mehheiiieh 
or  Council-house  (or  ( .uildhall),  of  the  Turk.s,  at  the 
western  wall  of  the  Temple,  just  where  Josephus  tells 
us  the  "  first  wall  "  of  Jerusalem  abutted.  VV'e  learn 
from  the  Psalmist  that  it  was  built  on  piers  or  arolios, 
and  that  like  the  [iresent  building  it  had  one  entrance 
to  the  Temple  ai'ea,  and  another  to  the  city.  It  has 
now  a  splenilid  Saracenic  portal,  and  here  is  the  most 
beautiful  Saracenic  Fountain  in  Jerusalem,  of  which 
our  artist  has  made  a  drawing  (sec  p.  8),  showing  tho 
wonu'U  of  Jerusalem  as  of  ohl,  fetching  and  carrying 
water  from  it.  "  You  shall  meet  a  nian  bearing  a 
pitcher  of  water,"  was  tints  a  special  direction  whereby 
to  notice  the  individual,  sure  to  engage  tho  attention 
of  the  disciples  of  our  Lord,  when  searching  for  a  fit 
place  and  person  to  prepare  the  Last  Supper.     The  San- 


f 


2S 

liorl 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WOItLD, 


rim  anil  it*!  siil),'iUorn<i,  liavin!;  co  ,ltMiiiM'(l,  mockod, 
mill  lihis|ilirTiii>ii>ly  iiiMlliviii,',!  (,'lii-ist,  "then  Ir.l  they 
Ji'su.s  (Vulii  ('.-li.ililiiis.  \iiit(>  llic>  iudiiun'llt  stMf  i)f  l'il;it('," 
ami  it  was  raiiy.  ami   llicv    llifniM-ivt's   went    ii'it    into 


tlio  jii(li,'im'nt    liall,   ]i'.-.t   tlii'V   ^lamlil   Ik 


I  ■Hi,' 


lait 


tliat  tiny  iiiiijiit  cat   tiif  ]i;i>.siivi'r.      I'ilatc  tlini    wmt 


If     iml-iiii'nt    liall    cit'     I'ilat 


f    was 


hA 


ow,  wlMi'M  IS  r 


•ijanli'ii  as  one  of  tlio  five  towers  of 


Fmt  Antniiia,  ami   stamis  liv   an   arcliwav  of  immii 


uivlnti'c'turc. 


A    I.' 


iit<-(l 


!:mi:iII  |iiiri 


li:   I 


1" 


CS     to     till'     lift      of    till 


irii'  was  sal 


I  to  I 


lavc  In  'II 


I'll  ^((((c/i/,  or  bacilli  MauTaso,  ii|i  and  down  wine 


till'  ii-lfliniti-d 
I  d. 


on    Ins    wav 


1,1    JI,t,h1s    I' 


iilai'c    an, I    oa 


k.   and    alsi 


altii- Ills  ,|cl'\ ,  ly  to  tin   s,i|,lii'i;i,  tl>.- Sa\  i,,iir  niii~l  liavi' 
apailiii,'iit     ill     till'     'l',i\vi'i-    of    •'**'^ ''all  iliii's  asi  i'iid,Mlaliild,'MM'ii,li  ,1.    1 1  wa- r,ni,'\  cd  l,y 

if  tilt'  l'anoor,,r  ("oiistaiitiiir  to  .St.  John 


nut    to    tlirni.       'I'l 

uii(loilli((i|ly    a     lalX'o 

Antonia,    siliiali'd   on   tln'    noitii\M>t    rormi    ot'    tlio    tli,' jijoiis  cai 


']'. 


fni|ilo   ana.      Tilato.   without    iMn,l,iMiiin','  iiiiii.   si'iit 


"I 
liiiu  n|i  to   lliToil   A 
had,  no  doiilit, 


litipas,   'I'rtraivli    of   t; 


•niu  nil  to  thr  Ira-l. 


tl 


llllro.    «  lio 

ainl  wa^  .iiHini\  inj; 


le   niaj.'i,ilici'nt  ralaco  of   IIiTod   tli,'  ( 


ri'Mt.  iiiMi-  the 


Towi'i-of  Ili|)|ii,ii.s,  wlii'iT  till'  fliiof  |iiio>ts  and  sriilics 
stood,  and  vi'lu'iiii'iitlv  ai'cii.si'd  Josn? 


till'  l.ati-i-aii  sronvi'iit.      This  ''Mi' 


'I'- 


ll into  the  I'm-- 


hi: 


toriinii  liy  llicijiiaid-rooni  , if  thr  lioniaii.soldii'rs.  An  ir,ii 
doMi  niah'i'a  gati'W.iy  lioi-c,  ahoiit  twenty  |iaci'- fiirihur 
nil.  Iiads  into  the  I'oiivi'iit  of  ,Iil'  Fla'_'ill.iti',ii.  which 
liiarl<>  till'  [ilacc  where  tli,'  s,i|,liers  nioekid  and  ><"oiirtc<l 
I  Herod,  with  1^'"'  Loi'd.     'I'lie  early  Ciirisiians  rai.su  1  a  iliapel  on  tliis 


s  men  of  war,  .si't   him  at    iioiii;lit  ai 
id. 


nl   moeki'i 


ini,  |81'<'t ;  Olio 


On 


,s  will  tell  voii   how  this  eh'iivh 


ind  .irrayed  liiin  m  a  i.'orLri'oiis  loli, 
le   ■'ovenior   lia\  iii'' 


iiiil  sent  linn  h.-iek 
to  I'ilati'.  Tile  ■;ovenioi-  lia\  iiii;  I'Xainine,]  liim,  in- 
foniie,!  the  eliief  |irii'sts  and  the  iiiIits  ami  tlie  ]i,'.ijile 
nsseiiiKlcl    in  the  yard  of  the    l",,it  of  .Vntmiii.  t|i:it   as 

neither    hi'   nor  Herod  i Id    liml    .mytliiii"  w.a'iiiv  of 

death  in  the  Afessiah.  lie  would  eliasli-i'and  release  him. 


was  ill  ruins  in  1(118,  and  how  the  .son  ot  the 
Governor  of  that  iLiy  reiiaired  it  auJ  made  a  stable 
jf  it,  .nnil  how  on  flio  iiiv'ht  of  the  1  Itli  .T.ninarr.  1010, 


the  tete    of   the    llolv  Nairn 


all    the    lior.-is   I 


lacitl 


in  it  died,  and   so   lii,'  Turks  ahaiiil  Un'il  the  liiiildinir>. 


A 


I'i 


I,    I  Ink,'   .M;!\ii 


>f    l'.a\ari.i 


But  the  nialii'ioiis  hii'r.irehs  liaxinir  lin.illv  e.Morled  ''  '"  I  "^  i"^.  di'|il"r' d  Us  condition,  an,|  jiaid  tor  relmild- 
his  c,inili'iiiii.itioii.  he  is  tak,'ii  into  the  I'ra'toriiiin  In  tin?  i  i"-  ''"'  loiiveiit  and  eh.'ipel.  'I'luie  is  still  t"  I'c  sei'ii 
soldiers,  arrayed  in  iiioek  rmallv.  and  sniitti'ii.  liv.iled  "  l"''!''' ifnl  nmsaie  |ia\enii'iit,  whether  of  the  I'rietoriiuo 
^vilh    ihe    nt st    in,li:,'nily    ami    .iiieliv,    and    lin.illv     or  tin     'ri^in.il  t 'liapel  is  doulitful. 


I'ilate.  iieeu|iyiiii,'  his    |iidi;nii'nl  -eat    oiil    ,.11    ( laMi.itlia, 
or  "the  |.a\i'nii'nl."  Iiriiiii,'lit  lilni  oiil  of  the  riieloriiiui. 


('onmiL;  out  of  this  :,'ate  we  have  hetore  lis  the  Pahice 
of  I'i  late,  now  only  a  11  lined  portion  ofalniuse.  .\  Tiirkisli 
|iost  iiM'  it  for  liarraeks.  It  coniniainis  a  iharmiiij; 
\\fw  of  the  (Teni|ile)  Ks|ilanade  of  the  Mo~i|Ue  of 
>  •iiiir,  .iiid  tliei,'ardi'n>  and  eorri'loi's,  ami  iiiarlile  |iiil|'it 
o:  lii  t  .sacred  locality  .<-'«  j>.  33),  from  that  iipi"  r 
ehaialir,  wliire  voii  may  set'  the  Turkish  colonel 
siii,il>iiii;   at  the    window    as   hi'    traininilly   enjoy.s  tiej 


■rowiied  with 


le  ii:a 


and  common) 

d  to  the  .lews 

II  !  '  exclaimed 

iiiil"W  from  which 

inei  'I. 

I'l'  ol'  I'il.ite's  hoiivc 
stieit.  A  lofty 
toll.  I'roiii  which 


delivt 


ni  es     troll! 


tliese 


lied  ■'The  .Stations' 


the  proees.-.ion  of 
ir,  soielv  liiirtlii  111- 1 
iw  street,  and  "e 
's  o|ien,  at  III  hers 
le  walls  on  i-ither 
Jlii'le  is  just  siicii 
the  |irisiiiiers  p:i.ss 
called  till  hel.tors 
such  .!>  this — no 
ne.s,  which,  inarkcil 
ji'iint  out  to  ymir 
ii;  the  pi-aves  "f 
the 
ited  with  them,  is 
this  r/'i  /Jdlorogii. 
■ry.      .\    few   small 

le  « !•  I.  I.'.ttice, 

-|i'it.'i..is,  i;:,ziiii; 

I.:, I. ml    the  sleep 


e  nanies,  with 


i 
ft, 

I 

I 

I 


FIVK   DAYS   AT   JKRUSALF.M. 


29 


fisornt  iintil  wo  turn  tlio  stroot  bv  wliicli  stands  the 
ni'iitly  liiiill  liniHc  of  tlic  Austrian  ■^lIlSlll:ltl•.  At  tliis 
ciiriiir.  iin  the  li'tt.  is  a  I'nluinn.  wliic  marks  tin"  "  Tliiril 
Station."  lii'inu  ♦'"'  plari'  wlnri'  dm-  Saviour  lii-st  s;ink 
(liuvn  miller  tin-  \viMf,'lit  of  tlii"  Cross.  Turiiin:^  our 
liacks  to  tiiis  I'olinnn,  vn-  sec  on  tin*  siilc  of  this  stri'i't 
a  (lila|iiilali'il  cimrcli, — wliat  is  Icl't  of  tin'  ruin-,  of  "  <  >ur 
Lailv  of  Siurows,"  — ii\iiil  on  tlir  r-pot  ulii-rr  tin-  Holy 
Mary — wlioliail  hrcnat  fjist  ch  :,i'na»ay  l>y  I  In'  nuanls — 
met  lii'r  Son,  lic-mlin^'  lii'i.catli  tlii>  xsi-iijlit  of  the  ( 'ross, 
St.  r.onifaii'  an<'  St,  Ansi'Ini  liavi'  |>r<viviil  tlirtra 
(lition,  wliicli  till'  lovf  of  cviry  Cliri-^tian  niotlu'r  li.is 
])cr|iituat('il  Mary.  \vi>  know,  was  at  tlic  \''«>t  of  tim 
('ross,  willi  Mary,  till' wife  of  ( 'liiiplias  ami  .Mary  Mai;- 
(lali'u  (.lolni  xi\..  :.'-"i).  St.  I'MMiila.i'  t.lls  us,  tiiat  tin' 
\'irgin  "sank  to  tlu'  ^ronml  as  if  lifi'lrss,  and  ro\il(l 
not  uttt-r  a  siiiLllf  word  "  St.  Uixhu  assirts  tli.it 
Christ  said,  "  Ihiii,  niolhrr!"  "  I'iLiliticn  lonturios  of 
[ii'r.si'ciition  withoni  iMid,"  says  ' 'li.ito.aiiliriand,  "  of  in- 
cessant rcvoliil  ion>,  of  continually  incnasini;  ruins,  have 
not  lici'n  hIiIc  to  erase  or  liid.e  the  traces  of  a  mother 
};oinj;  to  \vee|i  over  iic"  son."  This  is  tlie  "  Fourth 
Station." 

Till'  road,  wliich  nfore  ran  east  and  west,  makes 
heri' a  .sliarji  allele,  and  'urns  to  the  north  and  .south, 
the  Via  Dolorosa  conlinuinL;  in  tlu' latter  iiiii>etioii — 
the  former  tr.  iidiiii;  n\>  to  the  h.iniaMUs  (late  I'm- 
ceediui;  southw.irds,  ah mt  sixty  yard~  to  tlu'  lelt,  we 
come  to  the  llonse  of  the  liicli  Man  il.uke.wi  1  ). 
now  a  Military  llosjiital.  The  stone-  of  which  it  is 
liiiilt  are  laid  ni  eour.'-es  of  ri'd  and  white,  .so  that  you 
can  oa.sily  recoi;ni.se  it.  Clo.se  liy  he;-, .  I'he  .lews,  seeing 
that  lieir  victim  was  int  i'.tile  to  cirry  his  ('r  .ssai;y 
on^i-r.  c  uij;ht  '.lold  of  Simon  the  Cuenean.  wlio  was 
just  goiii;;  into  the  lilv  towaids  the  tiate  of  K|iliraim  la 
str<'et  fioi  1  <,liich  IcaiLs  up  heni.  and  made  him  as.-.i>t 
in  carryinj;  it.  This  is  the  ■  Filth  Station."  A  niche 
in    the    wall   ut   tlie   auijle  of  the  street    on  our   riirlit 


VIA    DOLOROSA. 

Thus  far  we  Iiave  trai-eil  the  Sacred  S>'ono.      It  is 

hand,  sliosvs  at  a  short  di-tance  on  tin-   lelt  the  ln-oken  imiiossilile  even  to  jienise,  in  thi>  (ios])i  Is,  the  moiirnful 

shaft  of  a  column   markii!'.:  the  situation  of  the  housi-,  hislorv  of  Our  Lord'.^  sulhrin^,  with, )ut  the  most  |iaiii- 

on  the  threshold  of  which  lUrenice,  at'terward--  known  fid  emotion.      What  must  he  the  fei  lin^sof  a  ('hristi.in 

as  Saint  Veronica  lor   the  Holy  Woman    I'f  the     True  niind,  when,  with  |irofound  and  niel.melioly  admiration, 

liiiaiiei.  e.ime    forth    to  wijie   the  swe.it    ul   au'ony  from  it  traces  the  scenes  iiround,  and  follows  the  very   foot- 

the  snllerin^  Siivioiir's  hrow.  and  received  on  her  hand-  steps   <if  the   Saviour  at    the  foot  of  Mount  Zion,    in 

kerchief  the   full    ini|ircss  and  cliai-:icter  of  lli>    Holy  si;;ht   of   tlu'   Tiiu|ile,  and    within    the    very    walls   ivf 

vi-iiye.      This  is   the  "  Sixth  Station,'"  .liru.s,ilem  I      The  \'ia  Dolorosa    it.si  If  is   only    a   mile 

Here    ends   the    Tia    Holorosi  and   comnicnci-    tlio  in  lcni;th,  hut  it  has  taken  just  two  iionrs  to  a.scend  it 

descent  of  C'alvary.        Hi  ri     lui^'in-^  wh.il    anAnniuaii  lo  the  |ire>cii(  point.      It  has  lieeii    caliulated   that    the 

missionary  has  called     '•  ihc  n>o>t  int<  if-tni;;  h.iil    .icre  ilistaiiee  traMr-ed  liv  'he  Sa\  iour  hetwecu  the  "  I'pper 
on   till'  face   of   the  I'.irl.i;'  for  within  that    sp.ne   are  ■  lioom"    and    (edL;ollia,    was   from    four  to   live    miles; 

Jloiint    (.'.iKary,    (Jol^'olla,   ami   the    Holy   Si.ouKlire,  iVom  /ion  to  ( Jelh.-cmane,  IMMi  yards;   ( o'th.scniano  to 

the  .sieni' of  our  Lonl  s  l':.>sii  n,  Hon>e    of  Annas,    1',-10((  ;    House  of  Annas  to    Hii;h 

We  ha\c'  re.ichcd  the  top  einl   of  (he   \"\..    l)o|oros;i,  I'riest's  Palace,  iMi"'  ;  Hii;h  Priest's  Palace  to  (jouncil 

and  liej;in   now    to  desivnd.     We  now    pass  through   a  Hou.-e,   100  ;   Conncil  House   to  I'ra-torium    (in    Anto- 

|iortion  of  a  vaulted   Tinkish    liaAiar.    and   on  coming;  nia),  lOt) ;  I'ra'torimn  to  Herod's  Palace,  1,000 ;  Herod'* 

out    a;;ain,  .see    three   columns    del  otin-;    tlu'    spot    ol  Palace,   hack  to  Pra'loriniu,  1,0(H(;   Prx'lorinm  to  (iol- 

aliother,    the    thinl,    fall    of   Our    Saviour    under    his  jjotha,  tiOO,      Total  yards,  ^,000. 

n|ipiessive  hurt  hen.      Kach  time  was  he  tlriven  forward  We  niav  now  step  across  the  .s(|nare  and  proceed  ou  to 

as  we  are  tohl,  hy  the   hlows  am!    icviliii^   of  the  iiii-  the  aw  fnl  consummation  of  the  d.iy's  procei'di'.!j;siis  set 

patient  soldiers,  amid  the  tears  oi  iii- l.^l  lowers,  and  the  lorth  hefore  ns  in  the  mau'iiilicent  and  world-reuowiied 

pilyiiii;  daiii^htiis  of  .leriisideio,  .md  the  outcries  oftlie  (.'hiircli  of  the  Holy  Sijuilchro. 
fanatic  parly   of  the  .lew.s,  ii..iiiv  of  whom — stiain^eiu 


liom  the  outer  country — were  pre.s<'nt  for  the  Fe;i.--t. 
rp  the  little  street  to  the  liLrlit.  and  we  reach  the 
sijuare  of  llie  elinrch  of  CaU.iry,  or  oftlie  llcsurreilion, 
which  is  iiiclndiil,  tojjether  with  that  of  the  |li-co\riy 
of  the  Holy  !', OSS  —  three  ( 'liiirch>'s,  under  the  oue  roof 
of  Ihc  ('huroh  of  lie  l\n\\  Sepnlchri'. 


VI.— THE    cnrilCH     OF    THE    HOLY 
SKPl'I/'HllF. 

TllK     ^'presentation    Wf    have   jjiveii    of  this    nolilo 
Church  (pam'  ',!),  t.iki  n  as  it  is,  from  a  plioioj^raph.  ami 

ive  a   loriiit    notion   ol 


80 


ALL    KOUND  THE  WORLD. 


llic  inaLrniiici'iit  cIiMriii^tor  of  tliis  aujinst  rdilici',  wliicli, 
in  its  ciiiiiliiiiMliiiii  nf  .sts  li',  r;ills  to  iiiiml  iiiciiioiics  ot' 
tile  ( 'nisuiliTs,  iis  well  iis  tlii"  I'lV/MMtilii'  :[;;('  of  its 
(.Ti'i'tion.  Till'  ( 'ouvcnts  tliat  riiistir  round  it,  iis  if 
)niclii-  its  siicrcil  slicltcr,  miIiI  to  its  iiii|iii'>sivi'  ma- 
jesty liy  iiii-ri'iisi'  of  iinvi,  aini  (o  its  |iii-tiu<'S(|U('iii'ss  liy 
tlu'ir  liaiiiioiiioiis  iric'j;iiliiiity.  CMiistiiiiliiii''s  iiiotiu'r, 
tlif  Kni|.icss  lli'lcna,  Imilt  the  Ciiiircli  of  tlui  Holy 
Si'iml.liic.  It  liiis  liccn  (ii'i'd  and  vavaj,'i'd,  Imt  not 
dcsdoycd  ;  and  tlion!,'li  restored  and  in  some  |iarts  ri' 
luiilt  liy  tlie  t 'i-Msaders  and  oilier  < 'inistians,  aneieiit  or 
otiier«  ise,  iclainsitsaneient  form  .  Wiienderusalem  last 
fell  under  the  .Midiammailan  yoke,  the  Syrian  Lhristiaiis 
ransomed  the  Cluireh  of  the  Holy  Se|Milehie  with  a 
I'oiisiderablo  sum,  and  monks  repairi'd  thither  to  defend 
■ttilh  their  prayers  a  spot  entrusted  in  vain  to  the  arms 
of  kiii;,'s.  It  is  said  that,  within  three  eeiitnrii's  uf 
(liir  Lord's  saeriliee,  the  Christians  olitaiiied  permis- 
sion lo  Imild,  or  rather  relmild,  a  elinreh  ovei'  the 
T.'nd).  ami  to  enelosi'  in  the  new  City  the  spot  venerated 
liy  the  Chiislians.  'I'he^e  plaees  wei-e  afteiwaids  pro- 
faned, hut  reeovered  and  restori'd  hy  thi'  I'lineess 
Helena.  The  letter  of  t 'onstaiitine  the  Kmperor.  to 
.Maeariiis.  Bishop  of  Jerusalem,  is  still  extant,  in  which 
he  eomnialids  him  to  ereet  a  ehurell  on  the  plaee  where 
lie'  ejral  niyshry  of  Salvation  was  aeeoniplished 
('ouiing  into  ilie  court,  wo  oliserve  the  pavement  — 
Worn  under  the  li  ci  of  innuim'ralile  pili;rims — the 
high  tower,  the  Saracenic  arches  of  the  «  indows  and  the 
enlraiiee.  as  well  as  the  ruins  of  pillars  of  liyzanline 
anhileclure  This  court  is  paveil,  you  see,  with  the 
common  111;;  sI'mic  of  .lerirsalem,  and  is  ahout  ninety 
feet  lon^  liy  se\cnty  wiile.  The  two  ample  doorways 
lire  el.ihor.itely  ornainenled,  hut  the  wliojc  is  eieitly 
dilapidated.  Tin'  tower  on  the  west  hasai,'raiid  elli-'i't  : 
there  are  now  hut  two  .storis,  and  tlii'  ruins  of  a  third, 
lint  there  Were  fiiice  t'i\e.  The  iiiiiler  st.iry  is  the 
Chapel  ofSi.d..lin;  souihofii  js  ihati'f  .Mai'y  Ma',,'- 
daleiu',  and  .elj. lining  this  is  (he  t'liapid  of  St.  .lames  ; 
con  Heeled  «  ilh  it  and  faciiij;  the  western  side  of  the  court, 
i.s  .a  ranire  ot  ch.ijiels ;  tin'  ap.se,  or  .-emieireular  opening 
liehind  the  altar,  (by  which  the  priest  pas-.es  to  pre- 
pare the  llo^t),  appi'aring  e\tern,dly  as  liul'resses. 
The  whole  is  a  vast  .-iiid  laviutit'ul  nionuuienl  of  the 
J>y/-intine  age,  of  an  aichiiecture  .■,c\eic,  solemn,  gr.iiid 
and  rich  'Ihe  inoiiuiiient  appears,  if  not  worthy  of 
the  Toiiilp  <•['  the  Son  of  Man,  cerlainly  of  those  wiio,se 
wi^h  h.i<  lieeii  lo  do  it  honor.  'I'lie  -m.tll  .Mo~i|Ue 
which  faces  I  hi,  iihc^nilicenl  edilice  w.is  Imlll  Ky  tMiiar, 
when,  after  c"n.pierin_' the  lily,  he  i.iine  to  oiler  his 
)ii'ayer  at  the  ll'Jy  Touili.  Hut  a  dilliculty  .'irose  in 
the  geiieioii,  mjlid  of  the  pioils  Chief  of  the  I'ait hi'ul. 
The  act  of  his  kneeling  there  would  immedi.'iiely  accord- 
ing to  ii>ai,'e.  li.iM'  converted  the  whole  luiilding  into 
a  ino.s.pie.  an>l  >o  deprived  the  Christ  iaii^  of  then-  most 
I'herished  iiciiuiiii  ni.  I  >e>irous,  w  ilhil.  ofnoi  pa^sin;; 
the  Tonili  of  the  I'rophet  .lesu.s  wilho'ii  olli'ring  up 
his  thanks  l<ir  ihe  vicl'iry  he  liad  ohl  lined,  Omar 
ordered  the  pi. ice  on  which  this  moM|ue  stands  tw  bu 
cleared  of  the  lillh  and  iiiiiis  which  eneiindiered  it, 
iinil,  pi'ostr.ilini;  himself  thei-e,  addiced  a  itini'n.  or 
]irayei,  to  the  I'itcrnal,  o|'  whiili  the  nio>i|iie  ilselt 
W.IS.  siiliv'i)ue!iily,  ereetcil  iu  Com uiemor.ii iou.  The 
lirojierty  iu  llie  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre 
is  vested  III  the  Sultan,  as  a  nie.ms  of  ensuring 
free  mid  i"iiil  access  to  all  eominunities  of  tin' 
Christians  and  Turk.s  ;  whose  rcpi'oenlalive.s,  resident 
on   the   spot.   Would    otherwise,  us   they   too   oiicu   do 


even  now  profane  it  by  their  indecent  qnnrrels.  Even 
now,  Turks  aiid  Cliri.~tians  alike  nnanimously  refuse 
admission  to  the  Jew,  who.  as  a,  descendant  of  the 
Saviour's  murderers,  would  enter  at  the  sure  peril  of  his 
life.  The  key  is  in  the  hands  of  the  governor  of  tlio 
Crty.  'Ihe  iloor  is  ojieiied  only  at  tixeil  hours,  and  then 
only  with  the  con.scnt  of  the  three  convents.  Armeniiui, 
Latin,  and  Greek  The  rush  of  iiilgrims  this  day 
is  .soniething  tremendous:  we  have  aonw.  dillieulty 
in  pushing  our  way  through  the  motley  tlireiig. 
Kvory  man  of  any  seiisiliility  must  feel  all'eeted  at  the 
sight  of  .SI)  many  people  ol  all  nations,  thu.s  jiressiug 
to  tlie  tomb  of  Christ  the  Saviour  of  all,  and  at  hearing 
pr.iyers  otiered  uji  to  Him  in  so  many  dill'ereiit 
langu.e,'es.  here  on  the  very  spot  where  tlie  Holy 
Spirit  give  to  twelve  huiiible  men,  the  A]iostles  of  (Joil, 
the  gilt  of  speaking   in   all    the  tongues  of  the  earth, 

W  itii  this  serious  and  solemn  impression  we  enter  the 
na\e,  pa.ssingthe  Turkish  guard,  who,  sitting  on  a  divan, 
in  till'  western  cut  ranee,  have  their  eotli'e  cups  and  pi|K'.s 
placed  before  them  on  I  he  carpet.  Pilgrims,  travellersaiid 
visitors  of  eveiy  hue  and  dveofihe  Krank  order,  are  ex- 
jiected.  if  not  reipiired,  to  make  bare  both  n,  id  and  foot 
on  enteriiii:  any  of  the  s.-ured  localities!  t'  _■  Holy  City, 
whether  .Jesuit.  Moslem,  or  Christian  ;.  and  at  the 
Holy  Sepulchre,  the  visitor  is  expected  to  (lolf  his  shoes 
a.  well  as  his  hat  :  nor  iiiust  yon  cross  your  hands 
behind  your  back,  or  show  the  slightest  gesture  of 
"taking  it  easy,  "  or  longiin;  disrespect — if  such  vul- 
garity of  mind  could  by  po.s.sibility  display  itself  within 
such  preeiiict.s,  or  in  the  presence  of  such  memorie.s. 
We  ;^ee,  at  once.  i>n  i.ssuing  from  the  vestibule,  that 
we  are  in  the  lirst  of  the  throe  chiinlies  that 
eonslitule  the  great  whole,  and  that  the  Church  of 
Calv.iry,  the  tirst  we  enter,  is  built  in  the  lorin  of  • 
cross,  the  (.'hapel  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  constituting 
ill  (act  the  nave  of  the  editicc.  We  stand  at  once 
under  till'  large  cupola  of  theilome.  This  grand  rotunda 
is  mo>t  striking  and  impressive.  It  rises  to  a  height 
of  about  one  huedred  teet.  and  the  circular  opening 
at  the  top.  for  light,  is  about  tilteen  fict  in  dia- 
metei-.  We  lia\e  to  obsiive,  that  to  the  .shame  of 
Christendom  the  roof  is  out  of  repair,  tor  the  covering 
of  lead  has  been  torn  oil' by  the  wind,  and  there  is  a 
contest  for  tin;  right  of  lepairing  it.  Sixteen  marble 
cohimns  adorn  the  eircumfereiiee  of  this  rotunda. 
They  are  connected  by  si'Veiitceii  aiclas,  and  support 
an  upper  gallery,  likewise  composed  ol  si.xleeii  columns 
.'ind  scvi'iiteeii  arelie...  ol' smaller  dimensions  than  ih.'se 
of  till!  lower  range.  Niches  correspiuMliiig  with  the 
arches  appear  above  the  frieze  of  the  .second  gallery, 
and  ihe  dome  springs  from  the  arches  of  these  niches. 
The  pictures  of  the  twelve  apostles.  Si,  Helena  and 
the  Kinperor  (.'onstaii.ine,  with  some  other  portraits, 
unknown,  that  once  adorned  these  niches,  were 
dislioyed  by  the  lire  in  IMKS.  The  Church  of  the 
Holv  ."-epiilchre  sl,iiids  at  tiiefoot  of  Calvary,  iis  eastern 
li'olit  adjoins  that  eminence,  beneath  and  upon  which 
are  the  two  other  ehuiehes  connected  with  il  bv  courts 
and  ,stairca.sc,'<. 

We  h.ive  omitted  to  mention  that  in  this  original 
dome    were   large  beams    of  the   cedars  of    l.ebanon,' 

'  I'lic  Ci'iliir  uf  tlie  llilile  i.H  now  (iiiifuiihl  to  one  Km  HJily.  Tlii' 
n-lclii'iilcil  Cciliirsof  l.t-lhinoit  aresitniittil  lii^h  up  in  tlu'innunliiinii, 
ti'ii  liniii-s  ^^.^  aliiiiit  twt'nty-ri;:lit  imli'p,)  Hiiutli  i  ast  frniii  'I'ripoli. 
Ill  ^lll'r^llh  is  clini'tly  wc'^t  In  tlic  reniuiitii'  fiiiiyv  (itllic  KIiuiIisIik, 
t»"  tlmiisaiMl  lii'l  IhIow  tlieui,  uiiil  Kliiltii  is  tlirw  Imhiin'  iljsliint 
on  r  r  ru.aitu  Xri(iuli.    InnuuilKr  |iartuf  Sjruiiit'tla.'  iii>miitaiiui 


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I'  :>il|1'  'II  '  '  Uliin.W  <  >' 


I 


FIVE  DAYS   AT  JERUSALEM. 


86 


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destroyed  by  the  fire  of  1808,  and  impossible  to  be 
replaced.' 

Tlio  CJreck  cliiircli  opens  fmin  tlie  Rotiindn,  nnd  is 
in  a  line  witli  it,  tli(M|i;li  sejiaiuted  liy  a  partilinn  nf 
piiiiited  wiiiid  liiiiii;  with  pictiiii's,  and  siMu'iilarlv  picit'use 
witii  in'iiaincnts  of  every  descriptidii.  It  is  a  i^orgeoiis 
aOiiit',  l)la/iii<{  witii  ^old  (jiiite  np  to  the  (h>nio.  It  Iras 
1  iii^h  altar  at  tlie  east  end,  and  wide  tntiisejits  at  the 
weHt,  and  is  alioiit  a  hundred  feet  from  west  to  east, 
'and  tlie  same  from  nonli  to  souili.  The  (huklookini; 
eliapi'l  of  the  Ijitins,  opening;  from  the  north  east,  will 
not  sustain  a  comparison  wiili  the  f;oi'i;eous  •;litti'r  of 
the  Cireeks  ;  nevertheless,  these  ehnrehesalto^ether  ilo 
not  fail  tu  create  a  soh'inu  ami  impressive  feeiini;. 
Krected  as  they  are  on  au  uneipial  surface,  illiimineil 
by  a  multitude  of  hunps,  a  sondire,  dim,  reIi;{ious  li;{lit 
jjcrvadcs  thc^  whole,  and  is  sinj;ulavly  mysterious. 
I'riests  of  the  dill'.'i'ent  divisions  of  Christianity  are 
.seen  moving;  about  the  liuildmi;.  From  the  arches 
above,  from  the  chapels  below,  and  suliterraneaii  vaults, 
their  so]|i;s  are  beard,  the  origan  of  tin'  Latin  fathers, 
the  cymlials  of  the  .\l>y.-^inian  piiest,  or  the  plaintivo 
accents  of  the  (.'optic  fiiar.  tilterMMtily  or  at  once  assad 

the  ear.      You  iidiah'  the  pirfiii f  incense  all  arouml. 

and  meiely  perceive  tlie  pontilf—  who  is  fjoiiiL;  to  eelc- 
brate  the  most  awCul  of  mysteries  on  the  very  spot 
where  they  were  accomplished  — pass  cpiickly  by,  ulide 

so  alpiTH',  till'  proportietis  so  ;:i>„'jnitir,  tin'  lavjiu'^sn  ])'iif<>iiiitl  and 
awtul.  Till'  platliirMi  cm  vvliiili  ihiv  slaiiil  is  inure  lliaii  siv  llimi 
8anil  (ri't  alinvc  tlie  .Moilitt'rriiiu'aii,  aint  aroiiin)  it  nri' Lrallit-ri  il 
tlie  VI  rv  talli'.vt  anil  ^'iiiji'st  licails  nf  l.i'liaiinn.  'I'lic  liu'est  is  imi 
IarL;i'.  tmi  mure  ttiiui  live  linniliril  trees,  ^reat  and  small,  t:riiiiiied 
irrc^nliii'ly  mi  the  sides  iif  sliallovv  ravines  wliieli  inaik  tlie  liirlli  tt( 
the  Khailisha  river.  A  iii^h:  ainoiii!  the  I'eilars  is  never  f"r- 
(jiilteii  —  iM'iu'iith  itie  yiaiit  anus  Dt'lheiio  old  patriarelis  there  euines 
It  Mill  mil  Imsh  npmi  the  ttnal.  Some  of  the  trees  iire  striiek  down 
In  lijrhliniiir,  hi'okeii  In  enormous  leads  of  snow,  or  turn  to  tra:'- 
mentu  hy  temiiests.  'I'liere  is  u  eoiii|tlete  gradation  from  old  lo 
youiitf  — viiuii);  triTS  are  e. instantly  s)a'iii^iiii;  ii|i  Iruni  t!:'j  it; f 
of  old  ones  and  trom  seeds  of  rijte  eimes.  1  In;  jxirtli  of  the 
liirjiest  is  mole  than  forlv-t«o  feet:  the  hei};ht  of  the  hi);lii  si 
may  lie  one  hundred.  These  larjiest,  h'Wever,  ])art  into  two  ur 
three  only  a  few  feet  from  the  jjroiiiid.  'I'lieir  iitfe  i*  very  uneirtiiin, 
jndi:ili(^  from  what  are  eiilled  the  t/roift/is  or  iiiiniial  eoneentrie 
elnlen.  The  liirtli  of  some  of  them  may  1h'  carried  hack  thni' 
thoiisiind  tive  hundred  years.  They  are  carved  lull  of  iimnes  and 
dates,  and  the  trrowlh  !.iiiee  the  earlie.'^t  date  has  heen  almost 
nolhinp.  At  this  rate  of  increase  they  iiiu.tt  have  Ueii  growing: 
ever  since  the  Flood ! 

'  Of  the  tire  whieli  iittaeked  the  tomb  in  IROS,  the  fol- 
lowing  neconnt  is  f;ivin  hy  an  eyewitness:  — "The  heat 
was  »)  excessive,  that  the  niarhle  columns  whieli  surrounded 
the  ciitular  huildiii);,  in  the  centre  of  whieh  stisid  the  siiend 
(jpitto,  were  eoinpletely  pidverised.  'I'he  lamps  aial  ehaii- 
(hliirs,  with  the  other  vessels  of  the  Church— lnass,  and  silver, 
Hii'l  u'ohl  — were  lue'led  like  wax  ;  the  molten  lend  rrmn  the 
iiiiiiMti4e  dome,  whiclu'rowned  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  ]Minred  down 
in  torrents;  the  Cha|H'i  ereeti'd  hy  the  Crusaders  on  the  tup  of  the 
iii"iiulitli  was  entirely  euii.Miiii.'d  ;  half  the  oniaineiital  han^in^s 
ill  the  ante-eh:ipi'l  of  tlii'  .Vnpl  were  seorelied  ;  hut  the  c.ive  it>elf, 
thoiiirli  delugi  d  with  a  shower  of  had  and  liiirie<l  ill  a  ni(uiiit.iin  of 
tire,  ri'ceivetl  not  the  slii;litest  in,)nr\  iiitei-ii;i1ly  ;  the  silk  lamgin^s 
and  llie  painting  of  the  Itesurreelioii  I  einainiii);,  in  the  niiilst  of 
the  volcanic  erii|ili<in,  uns<':ithed  liy  llame,  the  smell  of  tire  not 
having  passed  u|K)ii  them."  T'liis  was  nut  the  tirst  e«ape'lthe 
llnly  Si'iailehie  IVoiii  destruction  hy  tire.  In  llfiU  the  Kalipli 
Mill'/,  i.'a\i' orders  to  destroy  the  huildiiiL's,  as  far,  at  hast,  as 
destriietion  eonid  1h!  compassed  liy  tire;  and  during  the  Khalif.ite 
of  KMIukim,  tUu  prophet  of  the  jlnises,  in  llllU  the  eliu|  el  ol  the 
Holy  Sepulehie  was  diliieed  and  special  elloit:'.  inaile  to  destroy  '.t. 
OhilsT,  a  eoiitemj)*>rary  elironieler.  relati's  tiait  they  i'ii'ie:tvuiired 
to  break  in  pii'ees  even  the  hollow  tomb  of  the  sepnlehre  willi  iron 
hammers,  hut  without  suecess,  und  Audeiiiur,  another  ehiuniehr 
and  pilgrim,  states  that  when  they  found  it  imiMissible  tu  lire^ik 
hi  piei'es  the  stones  of  thi>  uioiiuniulit,  tliey  tried  to  destiu>  it  by 
the  help  of  tire,  but  that  it  rcmuiiicd  firm  nnd  ■olid  lu  uduiiiunt. 


behind  the  columns,  and  vanish  in  the  Khiom  of  the 
sanctuary. 

'I'liere  ari"  .some  seventy  "stiitions"  within,  ami  con- 
nected with  this  mass  of  lmildint;s,  and  a  visit  to  them 
all  is  till  liulit  iichievement.      'I'lie  whole  pile  of  edilices 
is  three  huiidii'd  and   tiftv  feet   huiL;   from  St.  .losoph's 
sepulclire,  within  tlit?  ''aish'  on  the  west  of  the  lioliimhi, 
down  to  the  extremity  of  tin-  Chapel   of  the  '  Inven- 
tion' on  the   east,  and  it  is  not  less  th;»n  two  hundred 
and  eiohty  feet   to  the  north   side   of  the   ap;irtiiients 
beloii^'iii;;   to   the   Fiivtins.      \Ye  will,  tlici'i  fore,  tiir  the 
sake   of  a   timre   lucid   order   in    vlsitinf{    the    shrines, 
resume  our  footsteps   in    the   procession   of  ( >Mr    I.,ord 
towjirds  Cidvary,  and  ptuss  through  the  localities  of  the 
liist    impri'ssive    sieiics    di'^crilad   in    the    Kvantjeli.slH. 
We  enter  the    Latin   Clnipel,  and  cro.ss  it  to  where,  at 
the  ri.ijlit  h;inil,  is  the  .Mtar  of  the   Seoiiruiiii;,    vi'here, 
throuoli  all    iron    r:iilino.  is  a  portion    of  the    pillar  to 
whieh  the  Saviour  was  :itt:iclieil    while  I|ii.'l,'i'iI   by  the 
soldiers   in     I'ihite's    euiiit  yard.       'riiiic   are    pili;rims 
lii'ie.    like   the   curious   countryfolks  who.   when  tlnv 
visit    l.onilon   exhibitions,    desire  to   toileli   ever\thim{. 
l'"ol'  these  is  provided  a  loiigstiik.  with  a  hi  in  lie  outside, 
whiih  the   pilj^rim   thrusts   in   to  loinh  tlio  pillar,   ;ind 
then  dr:iws  nut  to   kiss   the    point,    maili'  saereil,  a.')   ho 
supposes,  by   the  contact.      ra.ssiiii;   hence,   to  the  ex- 
treme   of    the    left    nave,    we    enter   a   small    Viiiillcd 
clcpel— seven     leet     Ion;.',     and    .six     wide— called     the 
t'hapelof  the    IJoiid.s.    while    ( )ur    Lord    W;is   contilii'd 
pending;   the    pre|iiir:itions    tiir    his   iiiieilixion.       'I'liis 
i'li:ipi'l  is  on  the  iippiisiio   side    to    .Mount  (',ilv:iry.       In 
the  circiiLir  live  adjoiiiiiiii    is  the  slirue  id   St.   Lon- 
.U'iniis,  the  .lew  isli  soldier  w  ho  pirrcid  ( tiir    Lord's  side 
:ifter  his  ile:ith       Here   he  retired   alter   the  deed,  and 
relleetini;  on  what  he  had  seen,  received  the  inspifiitioii 
ot  his  new  tiuth.     In  this  clnipel  the  in.scription  on  the 
Cross  is  .said  to  have  been   Imii;  |ire.-erveil,      \'ery  close 
to   this   is   the    •'Chapel   of  the    Division   of  the   ti:ir- 
meiits,"  live    p:iees   lotii,'   and    three   liioail,  slandini;  on 
the  ':'ry  spot  while  Jesus  \v;is  stripped  liy  the  Soldiers 
bi'lore  III'  w:l^  nailiil  to  the  Cross,    where  they  moekid 
him,   ca.st    lilts    fill'   his  :ipp;ii'el,    ;ind  divided  it  ;iluon'.i 
them  (John  xix  .  J.I).      This  is  ctdled   the  " 'I'eutli  St.i- 
tion."      Lc:ivin;;  this  i'liii|H'l,  and  turnin;.;  to  the  left  jis 
we   come  out   of   it,    we    tiiiil  a  uri:it    staircase  pierced 
thioiijih   the   Willi  —  (on   the   other  side  of  this  opeiiini; 
is  the  small    "CImpil   of   the  .Mock im,'")  -and,    divini,' 
down,  dark  :inil  mysteriously,  into  ;i  kind  of  eellar  diii; 
out  of  the  lock,   pa.ss   liy  a  (light  of  thirty  broad   stairs 
down  to  a  most  striking  spot,  on  the  left.      This  is  the 
Chapel  of  St    Helena,  ;i  liirge  clrimber,  nearly  a  sipiare 
of  eighteen  paces,    with  a  small   cupola   in   the  centre, 
Iniviiig   tour   simdl   windows,    that    admit  a  dim   light. 
The  cupohi  springs  troni  arihi's  supported  by  tmir  short 
liyz;intine  pilhir.s.  with  poiideiinis  but  piitiircsipie  capi- 
tals.     Strings  III  ostrich  egi.'s.  siispiinli'd  from   pillar  to 
pillar,  and  a  tew  silver  himp.s,  are  the  oi^lv  oriiiiiiicnts. 
'J'he    paxemeiit     is    I'lnketi     and     rugged.        Here    the 
Lmpie.ss  Heleiiii    olii  lid    up    her  prayei'S,    and    here    is 
the  marble  chair  on    uliicli   she   .sit   and  w:iti'lieil   tli<^ 
workmen    digging   for    the    True    Cross       Ijower   and 
lower  we  di'sceiid,  by  thirleen  steps,  into  the  subterra- 
nean cave.      This  is  covered  with    red   t:ipi'stiy,  and  a 
niarble  slab,  bciiring  on  it  a  tigure  of  the  Cross,  closes 
up  the  mouth  of  the  pit  from  which  the  vcncrati'd  relics 
of  till'  Ti  lie  ( 'loss  «  III'  dug  out.   ■togi'therwitli  the  nails, 
tlieci'o«n  111  I  horns,  a  lid  the  head  ol  the  spear,  .i  tier  lyiufj 
buried  in  this  place  tipwards  ol  three  linndred  ye;irs.  " 


36 


ALL  ROUND  THR  WORr,D. 


Hclona's  chnpol,  intn  thfl  fnll- 
er  twili^'lit,  ii.s  it  tlicM  looked 
to  ii-i,  ol'  the  f,'vt'iit  "IiuitIi, 
stiidilt'il  with  l,iiii|)s  like  Murri, 
\V(!  t'i'cl  till'  lull  fll'cct  of  its 
solt'iiin  antiiiuity  iind  Siicrcd 
gloiiiii,  its  iliiii  I'll  ii  in;;  ari'lii'M, 
and  sliiid.iwy  roii-iiloi's,  its 
lamps,  and  li^^lits,  Miid  jiictinc.-., 
its  pctilin^  or^'aiis  and  cliiiiili-il 
|iniyt'is;  wliilo  t'uncy  I'.illid 
lict'ori'  our  mind  tlic  Ion;;  iirniy 
of  kiiii;lit.s  and  jiilgrinis  wlio, 
crntiuy  attiT  ci'titury,  tlii-oiigli 
Mil  many  jn'iils,  had  ('iiiii'  to 
knri'i  around  thcSacird  Idnih, 
and,  likf  us,  turned  thi  if  t'l'i-t, 
shudih'iin;;  and  awi'  si  nick, 
towiii'ds  ( 'aivaiy.  Immciliiitcly 
altii'  (.'iiininij;  u|i  the  t'oity  nine 
stairs,  wf  .sii',  on  our  rii^lit,  tho 
"('hii|iil  ot'  tho  .MorUiii'.',"  a 
little  |ilaei'  loiir  yaid^  loii^'  and 
two  and  a  halt  limad,  umli'i'  tliu 
altar  of  which  is  a  pillar  of 
','ray  inarlile  spoitid  with  Mack, 
two  feet  hi;,di,  on  wliieli  Jesus 
was  forced  to  sit  down  w'iiilo 
till'  soldarsin  iiKKkervcrowned 
llilii  with  thorns,  and  iiied, 
'Hail '.  Kiiiyof  theJews!'  and 
smote  him.      Forty  yards  far- 


THE     HOLY     SEPULCHRE. 

There  are  hut  few  liirlit.s  here — the  scene  i.s  solemn  ,  tlier  on  wo  como  to    a    narrow  staircasu    ot    ei;;liteen 
and    inipre>si\e:     what    wonder   that   the   o'erwroui;lit    marlilc    steps,   uji  which   we   aseeiided    to    the    top   of 


feelili;;s  of  enthn>ia>tie  pilgrims  have  re;;arded  even 
the  moisture  e.xudin:;  from  the  heart  of  the  rock  us 
tears  wept  for  s<>rri>w  at  Hiii   Lords  sutierings! 

Iveturnmu  up  the   d">uhle  (light  of  steps,   emerging 


.Mount  Calvary,  the  place  of  the  criicitixiou.  This 
place,  unce  so  ignominious,  liaving  lieeu  saiictilied  hy 
the  lilood  of  t>ur  Lord,  was  an  oliject  of  particular 
attention    of   the    tirst    tJhristians.      Ilavini;    removed 


from  the  .-onilae  caveru  t<i  the  still   dim   linlit   cit   !St.  I  every  impurity,  and  all   the  earth  which  was  u|ioii  it, 

they  siirroiiiided  it  with  walls, 


mil  liiiiig  on  all  sides 
I  km  tapestry,  with 
iesceiidiiig  from  the 
Two     short     pillars 


Ko  that  it  is  How  like  a  lotty 
chapel  inclosed  within  this  spa- 
cious ihiirch.  It  is  tilteen  teet 
sipiare,  pa\ed  with  liiarhle  in 
niosii.'  an 
with 
lam| 
ceiling. 

siipjiirt  the  spring  of  two 
arches;  that  towards  the  north 
is  the  spot  while  t)ur  L.ird  was 
nailed  to  the  ero>s,  and  is  the 
-Tw.  Ifih  Station'  of  the  I'il- 
griiiiage.  Mere  ihiitytwo 
lamps  are  kept  continually 
hurning,  wioch  aic  attended 
liy  the  Krauciscan  Inotliers, 
who  daily  perform  ma^s  in 
this  .sacreil  place.  hi  the 
other  part,  which  is  to  the 
eolith,  is  where  the  Holy 
<    los.s        was        elected.  Voll 

still      .see      the     hole     dug     ill 


the 

of    alH 


ait 


to 

font 


the 


all 

df. 


INTERICC     Of     THE     HOLY     SEPULCHRE. 


hesides    the     earth     that     was 
aliout    it    at    the    time.     'J'Lis 


is    ut    the    tout    uf 


h 


,rge 


nVU   DAYS  AT  JERUSALEM. 


S7 


I 

i 


iiltiir  lit  till'  ciiil,  ii(|.ii'iic'il  Willi  piiiiitiiijjs  Mini  ti^'iiri'M. 
Hiidci-  that  iilliir  i^  u  rniiiiij  phitf  >if  silver,  willi  ii 
h(ili)  ill  lilt'  I'l'Illli'.  'Ill  liirli  siilc,  liidli'l'  clnsf,  in 
HKitllcr,  wlicn'ili  llic  ri-u.-ws  nf  tli<'  two  thieves  were 
erected  Tliiit  III'  the  iicniieiit  tliief  was  t"  thi;  uiinli, 
anil  the  oilier  to  the  soiiili,  so  that  the  lirst  was  on 
the  Saviour's  ritjlit  hniel.  » lio  hail  his  liiee  tiirin  il 
lowarils  the  west  ami  his  l.ai'k  lo  .lenisaleiii,    whieli  lies 

to  tl ast        l''it'ly   laiii|i-.  are  ke|ii  eon-iaiilly  liiiniiiiv; 

on  this  s|iol,  wliii'h  is  the  " 'I'liirieeiith  Station."  The 
t'lii'Ves,  il  iiill>l  l.e  Molieeil,  are  saiil  lo  have  lieeii 
Uiirieil.  as  was  the  eii>loiii  uilli  sueh  eiilprits,  close  li\' 
their  crosses — neiierallv  wilh  lliciii-  ami  it  is  saiil  that, 
limler  the  |iaveliieiit  of  Si.  iieleiia's  elia|iel  is  a  holjuw 
jilaee  that  was  iiseil   tor  that    |iiir|io>e.      Look   ilown  mi 

tliis  same  |ilall'oriii  ol    iiiarliie  (for  all  is  richly  ei seih. 

Mill  von  will  see  some  lilM.ss  liai's,  liavim;  a  .silk  cover 
over  iheiii.  Lift  that  silken  co\er,  ami  yoii  will 
olisci'ea  li.-siirc  or  crevice  III  a  roik,  the  rock  that 
wiis  rent  asiiii.ler  hy  the  ilyiiii;  cry  ol'  Our  Loril — in 
the  ajjoiiies  i,['  i)eatli— ".My  (ioil'  .My  <  iod  !  why 
hast  lliiai  I'or.sakei  iiiel''  Iheri'  is  an  iron  '_'raliiij.{, 
with  steps,  down  wliich  yon  iniv  desend  and  see  the 
eli'l't.    yoiii;,'     I'lirlher    into,    mid    splitlini;     the    rock  ' 

I  ippositi'  this  place  is  a  I.iil;!!  nionnineiit,  said  to  lie 
erected  over  the  skull  of  Adam.— a  siimiilae  .\rali 
Iraditioii  straic'ely  connect  iii^  with  the  Saviour's  death 
on  this  spot  the  lirsl  man  lhi'on::li  whom  all  sinned, 
and  llie(!oi|  in  ni.iii  llii-oii^li  whom  the  sins  of  man 
arc  remilled.  riiere  is  c\  ideiilly  .some  very  ancient 
tradition  ri'-peclim,'a  skull  connected  with  this  locality, 
for  the  names  of  i;ol'.;otha  and  I'alvary  ijiveii  to  it  in 
the  old  times  ,ii-c,  otherwise,  incxplicalde ;  and  the 
icarned,  who  have  not  taken  this  tradition  into  ac 
count,  or  p  rliaps  have  never  heard  of  ii.  siem  to  have 
pnz/led  themselves  ;;rcal  ly  alioill  the  i.iterpr.lation  of 
these  wolds. 

We  descend  trnni  l.'.il vary  down  liy  .1  secoml  stair- 
ease,  that  liriiii,'s  us  out  a'^'ain  lo  the  pdivh  of  ih,' 
l/'hnrcli  ;  .so  ihil  we  now  see  liefore  ns,  jevij  wilh  its 
pavement,  surronniled  hy  .1  railini;.  wilh  si\  cnlnssal 
caiidl  'Sticks  liiiriiiiii;  licside  it,  a  IoiilC  llal  >laW  of  while 
mirlili,  not  ipiitc  eii.'ht  feet  in  leni;lli  and  aliont  ten 
h'i't  in  width,  roiinl  which  crowds  of  pil^jrims,  old  men, 

yo'iiiu  wonii ind  children  are  prosiraliin;  themselves 

-- the  rich  man  and  the  lie','i,'ar.  the  |iali'  Kreiichinan 
iind  llieswarlliy  t'opt,  kiieelie.i;,  prayiii;;  in  all  attitudes, 
and  kissing  the  "Stone  oi  Unction,''  for  such  it  is;  that 
up  III  which  the  liody  of  our    Lord    was   .said    to   have 

1 II  .inointi'd  wilh  myrrhs  and  aloes  liefore  it  wius  laid 

ill  the  Se;  III  lire.  This  coiiseipiently  is  the  '•  Konr- 
teeiith  .■>  alio  I.'  This  stone  is  hy  some  said  to  he  of 
the  same  rock  as  Mount  (,'al\ar\  ;  others  assert    thai  il 

'  Ui'iirv  M;iiiiiilri'll.  i'l  liis  jiMinml  illi'.lTK  snys:  "  .\t  iitniiit  niit' 
.viinl  mill  ;i-ii;ilrilHi  iM.'c  irn  11  ilii.   Ii>li>   i'l   wliidi   ilic    I'.nlnf  llw 

criKi  WHS  lixiil   is  scni  tlril  iiiciniinilil.- cl.tl   iiillii'   k,   siii'l   le 

li!iv,'  lii'cn  iiiMilc  liy  the  i'iirllic|ii;iKc  vvli  c'l  liiiiiei'iii'il  at  tlii'siilI'.Tinu' 
iif  llic  ij'.il  of  aiiliin'.  wlii'ii,  ill  Si.  MiClli.'W  vv  iln.'ssclli  1  Miilli. 
xxvii  ,  .')I.),  *  Tilt' riii'Ii-i  ri'iit.  riinl  tin' vi-ry  ltuvcs  were  t)|n'ncil.' 
Tliis  cleft,  as  tn  \vli;it  now  !ipjii':ir-i  of  it,  is  alioiit  a  s|)]iii  wiilc  at, 
its  n|i|«'i' pirt,  anil  two  ili'i'p.  iiflcr  vvliicli  it  discs,  liiit  it  ii|K"im 
au'iiiii  lu'lovc,  as  yon  iiiav  sec  at  anollicr  i'lia|icl,  i'onlii.'iioiis  to  IIki 
side  of  Calvary,  and  niiHilown  to  nil  nnkiiown  iliptli  in  tin'  cartli. 
rtiat  lliisrcnt  wa<  iiiailc  Iw  llic  .'artlii|iiaKc  thai  ha|i|ii'tii'<l  at  I  liir 
lior.j's  passion,  tin  re  is  only  trailition  to  prove,  Inil  itial  il  is  a 
intnral  and  L'enniiie  lireaeli,  ami  not  eonniiTleil,  il  liy  any  art, 
till'  sense  :anl  reas.ni  nf  every  onetliit  sees  it  may  eonviiiee  him  : 
for  the  sides  of  it  1';  ''k.'  two  tiillu's  to  each  oilier,  anil  yet  it 
runs  in  sneli  intricate  wiinl'ii'_'s.  as  (Mimiit  well  Ik)  I'lmnterfi'iteil 
liy  lift,  nor  arriviKl  at  hy  any  iiislrnaii'iiU." 


was  liroii;.dil  lo  this  place  hy  .FiLsepli  of  .\ritiiiith(>a  and 
Nicoijemus,  who  were  sent  disciples  of  Jesus  CliriHt. 
I  here  are  pieces  iit' it  to  Le  seen  ill  dillerent  piirt.H  ol 
i'airo|ie,  which  are  of  a  i;reeiiisli  colour;  indeed,  so 
indi.screel  were  pil;;riins  in  lu'eiikin;,'  away  relies  that 
the  whole  Would  lia\e  heeii  lost,  and  it  wius  at  liust 
found  iieci's.sai'y  to  cover  it  with  while  niarlile  unii 
snrroiind  it  with  ,111  iron  railiti),'.  On  the  left  is 
aiiotlier  ~po|  encircled  also  villi  railini;,  and  having  a 
lamp  linrniie.' within  it.  Here  stood  "  the  women,  '  the 
\'iri.'iii  .Moilicraiid  .Mary  .M:n,'ilalene.  and  the  sister  of 
L'l/.ai'us.  sadly  ^'a/iii<{  mi  the  loved  and  limioiired  dead 
during,'  the  aiiointiiii;. 

I'lie  I'ailoinliiiieiit  follows  the  .\noilltitiJ{.  It  is  the 
last  st,ii_'e  (the  l''ifieentli  Station  of  the  pilj,'riinaj,'e)  in 
the  awful  story.  Thirty  paces  further  on.  to  the  rij;lit. 
We  are  under  the  cupola  ;  just  in  the  eentre  of 
the  1,'ieat  dome,  approached  hy  a  slij,ditly  elevated 
platform,  icached  hy  Iwo  steps  frmii  the  side,  hut 
ijrailually  lei  up  to  t'rmii  the  front,  we  |ieri'eive  si.xteen 

lliilileii  canillestieks,    I'.xc liiii;   the    hei^iht   of  11    mail, 

with  hla/.in;;  wax  eaiidles  of  eolossal  diineiisioiis,  placed 
ill  front  ofa  heiintifiil  (I'Miciila  or  small  iiiarlde  chiireh 
ciiclosiiiL;  the  tmnli  in  which  the  Lord  of  I.ile  lay  in 
death.  It  stands  ipiite  alone,  and  is  ahoiit  ten  feet  in 
hrcadth  and  twenty  feel  ill  liei;,dit,  and  twenty-six 
feet  lotii;.       It  is  hcle  that  the    pili;iim    is    ex|iected    to 

throw    oil'    his    si s,    "for   the    place    is    holy,"      We 

enter  within  the  lirsl  of  the  two  sanctiiaries  into 
which  it  is  divided  ;  hire  is  ihislmie  where  the  .\iii,'el 
was  .seated  when  he  addri  sscd  the  two  Alai.es 
"  lie  is  not  here,  lull  he  is  ri~iii  ;"  and,  as  well  mi 
account  of  this,  and  to  prcMiit  I  he  Sepulchre  fiiuii 
lieiiii;  elilered,  the  lilsl  ( 'lirisi  iaiis  ereclcil  heforc  il 
a  liltle  chapel,  which  is  called  the  .Vnnel's  Chapel. 
'J'lie  second  Sanctnaiv  incloses  the  .Sepulchre  it.self, 
which  is,  in  fact,  the  ii.ck  that  contained  the  Sepnhdiie 
hewn  hodily  away,  as  the  i,.ck  itsclt  can  he  .sen  under 
the  lintel  of  the  low  entrance  \\  illiiii  is  a  sarcophaiius 
co\  ereil  with  while  marl  ilc.aiid  the  rock  itself  is  all  ca.sed 
round  with  yrccnish  niarhlc,  like  verd  antiipie.  Korty 
lamps  of  1,'old  and  silver,  always  liurnini;  iiielil  ami  day, 
li;;lil  this  chapel.  Tin-  air  is  warm  and  haliiiy  with 
]ierfiime.  ^'llll  enter  ihroiiuli  ,1  curtain,  and  if  possilde 
-  excepi  I. II  such  days  as  this,  of  Master  festival  —  alone, 
with  hut  one  iinardian  mmik.  The  interior  of  the 
i^epnlchre  is  nearly  sipiare;  it  is  six  feet  in  leiii;th, 
(except  an  inch),  and  six  feet  (all  hilt  two  inches)  in 
hreadth  ;  and  eif^lit  feet  lii;;li  from  the  lioor  to  the  roof. 
The  entraliee,  which  faces  the  eiust,  is  only  four  feet 
liiiih,  and  two  feet  and  a  ipiarter  hroad,  so  that  nil 
innst    stoop   that    enter.      Nor    within    is    there    mileli 

1 III.    for    the    solid    hlock    of    the    same    .stone,    left 

in  excavating,'  the  other  ]i.irt,  and  hewn  into  olio 
sarcophairus  sliajie,  is  two  teet  four  liiuh,  mid  heinj^ 
six  feet  (hut  one  inch)  lolij;,  and  two  feet  wide,  it  oeeu- 
jiies  half  the  Sepulchre.  On  this  tahlc  the  liody  of  Our 
Lord  was  l.iid,  with  his  head  towards  the  west,  and 
the  feet  (o  the  east  ;  hut  on  account  of  a  notion  of 
lhe(hienlal  (hrisliaiis  tlnit,  if  they  place  their  hair 
on  this  stone,  ( iod  will  never  t'orsake  tlieiii,  .ind  alwi 
hecause  the  pili;riiiis  hroke  oil'  pieces,  it  wa.s  coveri-d 
with  wiiite  niarhle. 

We  enter  with    re\  ereine,  mid    we   (•oliio    forth  with 

awe       Sneli  inipressioiis  admit  not  of  words,      '•  |)eath," 

.says  ( 'haleauliriand,    'lies  coinniered  and   enchained  in 

this   nioniinienl  "       "  .\11     the     pimis    emotions,"    .savs 

J  Lainarline,   '•  which    h.ive  allii  ted  our  souls   in  every 


u 


It  ALL  ROUND  THB  WORLD. 

periiul  of  life  ;  nil  tlio  jimyors  that  Iiiivc  1 ii  liniitlii'ij  itml  nil   riisli  tiiiniiltiioinly  tnwiinis  the  oritici'  on   tin- 

iViiiii  <iur  lii'.irlM  iiiiij  imr  lips  in  the- ii.iiin' nf  lliin  wlio  rii;lit  siili>  «it'  tin-   Holy  Si'|iiil<'liii'.      'I'lic-  (irt-i'lc  Anii 
tauj,'lit 


lis    til 


|ir;iy  t"i  his 


Ril 


I  t< 


iiT  ami   III  iMii'M 


nil  till'  liisliii|i,  with  a  Imii;  ii'liiiiii)  nl'  piirsis,  mai-ihcs  in  pn 

j(i_V8  ami  j,'iii  Is,  lit'  whiili    llirs.'  piayi'iN  wrii'  tin"  iiitrr  n'ssiun  rniiiiil  tin'  ininli.     At  last  tin-  Airhliisliii|i  cntriM 

im'tvix  ari>  a\Naki'iir<l    in   tli>'  ili'|iths   nl'  tlii!  wiiil,  ami  tin*  ('lia|»'l  nt'  thii  An;;i'l,  ami,  alter  a  Ww  iiiiuiu'nts  ul' 

prHJiii'i'    hv    tlu'ir    fihiii's.   Iiv   ihfir   very  I'lint'iisinn.  a  iiwi'  siii'-kfii     sili'inf,  -  tin-    iiinllitnili-    cxpi-i  liiii;    tin' 

iH'wiKlciiiij;  111'  till' iincli'i'si.imlini{  anil  a  imlliiii;  of  till'  l>ivji:.i  pri'siiiri',  ami  a  MiiiMrniniis   (in  fruin  wilhjii, — 

Ill-art   which    x-rks    imt     laii.'iiiiL;i'     hut    traiispiii's    in  thrusts   tliiiiiii,'h  an   o|H'iiiii;»   in   llii' I Jvliriila.    a  hiiiirli 


il 


III 
Till 


cyrs,  a  lii'iv  lin;   liii 


ps  l.'llli'll  III  Slli'liri 
hits  1 


til  till 


St,  a  p'lislrali'   furi'lirail,     uf  ihiity  tliri'c  wax   famlln 


for 


rarn  Mar  ■ 


if  till 


ilrliral  stoiii 


.S.tvMiirs  liti' 


Tl 


ii'sc  ail'  alii.'ht.  ami  an-  ii'irn 


lis  stiiiii'  n;i.s  In'i'Ii  aiitiV  im 


IIimI  tl 


ilatii 


II'  nmtirial  vi^ilile     linn  dy  a  piison  sp.i  i;il|y  | 


iriv  ill' 


It 


1 1  frmii 

.sslMrli 


if   1 1 


H'    Wlliill'     I'l 


ilu-r   ol 


f  CI 


instialis 


Tlh 


ili'si'i'ilii'  I  he  tiiiiiiill  til  it  i-n^iii' 


Tl 


leri'  wiTi'  lliiiiisamls 


n's|Mi't  which  all 


iii'kmiwli'ili;!!   to   liavii   felt    on     of  pilu'i'ints  (il'all  iialimis  present,  nil  in  a  slate  of  fr.uiiii' 


I'oiniiii;  near 


iilile   facts 


to  tl 
tl 


men 
lese  relies  is  one  of  the  must  reniai 


t'xeiti'iiii'iit,    ami 


tl 


lev    slliillleil     anil     Hcreaniei 


.1        Till 


ii'ts   111    the   liiiiilern    W'lir 


111        .\ii   ineiinteslalih)     treniiiloiis  motion  of  the  ariiiH  of  ho  ii 


■any   |H'iip 


lie    at 


triilli   seems     to    take    its    ilepartiiri!    frotii    this    spot,     oiiee  raiseil  alMive  their   he.nls   was   in  il.self  siirprisiii;;. 
I  liiiilit,  hesitate.  siiLT'iest,  as  many  ill", — it  has  ln'en  fmiml     llamls  were  erosseil    in   e\  i  iv  ilireefion,  torelns  hlaziil 


il'le    I 

111 


IV  aiiv  111 


iipi 


th 


is  one  siiiit  wirhiiiit     in  e\erv 


liaiiil. 


iml  a  I iiiti 


Imrsiinan  wailini'  a 


I  till 


iwe  ami  vemralMii. 


'i'litlie  I 'liristian  or  the  philu  j  ;;ate  riiles  oil' t'lill   spn  il    in    I'm  i  lijehi  in   to  li^lit  up  the 
soplier,"  as  has    liieii    fnnly   sjiiil,  "to    the    inoralisl,    or     <ii'ei'k    altars    there    fioin    this  snreil  lire.      The   Anli 
to   the    historian,    this    t"iiili   is   the    liuiiml.iry   of  two     liislmp  was  earrliil   laek    in   triiiiiiph   tu  his  .s.'iiii'tiiarv, 
worlils — ihi- aiiiient  ami  the  mmlerii.     Kiniii  this  point     liramlishin^  his   imrhes  as   he   went,   ami   liokiiij,;  like 


is.siieil  a  Until  thai   has  re\elseil  ihe  universe  ;    a  liv 


sation  that  has  traiisf  iriiieil 


tliMi:;s  ;  a  wnnl  wliieli 


h. 


.'h.H.I 


iver    the  «  li'ile  '^ 


I.iIm 


r 


lis   tniiili    IS    the 


I" 


Till 


if    the     tl 


'relies,     al 


ll  tl 


w.-nini;  lii,'hts.  ami   I  In- slmnts  nf  the 


si'liillelili 


lehl 


.f  the. .Ill  V. rill.  era. lie  of  I  he  ii< 


eirtllly    stiille    till 
never  wxs  loinli  si. 


.'W  ;  ii.ver  was 
III  itiiiii    of     so    vast     an   eililiee  ; 


intensely    eMitini;    si.ip' 
a     lilfllt     f.r      the     iMIIille 


•f 


create  an 


le   first    liMiry    is    to    ijet 


eii'ii    earries,    .n 


.1    tl 


nil   eael 


iii.lili. 


never  Ml. I  .liieiriiie.  inhnniei 


.knli 


sniilf 
I' 


out    Ills   call, 
i.f    linen,    I  I 


fur  thni-  ilays  or  three  centiiriejt,  so  victoriously  reiiii     the  luil.aii,    lail.iisli.  or    le 


alter  .1  slioi't   tune,   will 

I  hi.-: 

Till 


an. I    w.  I'll    miller 


is  tl.  Ill 


1 1 


ih. 


i-k.s  which  men  hail  sealeil  over  it,  give  tlio  lie     for   his  Inirial   heail  ilres^s       Tli  '  noise  iiicrea.sc.s,    nnlil 


to  ileatli  liv  so  ininscen.l.nt  a  resurrection."  ' 


Twelve 

ciintainiii. 


■.anl.s  fr. 
a   lar;.'e 


th.'    If. 


.N'linjclire    IS  a 


lap 


■I 


fervi.iir    rises    to   fury,    ami    enllni^ia^ni    l.ec.iines  coii- 
.so,   at    l.i-l.    the     I'liikish    .siililiers 


.1    .'lev     1 


liarhle,  .'|l...ut     to 


leei  111  ilianieler.  placeil  there  to  mark   the  spot   where  '  exciteil   ami   exnltini;  ci.n 


piiellv    l.iil    iim'i'reni..|iiiiiislv   dear   tl 
111 


As  wi 


I'll    of  its 
If.  I  fi.rlh. 


I  Mir  l,.iri|  appear.'il  to  .M.iiy  .Ma'_'ilali'iii'   in  the  form  of  .  we  look  in  at  the   siilc   of  ilie   vctiliiile,   al    ihetoinlis 
a  i.'ai-ilener.    (.lohii  X.X.,   I."!.)     F.irlheroii  is  the  '  ( 'hapel  'of   l'',;irls  italilwin  ami    lioilfny   ile    l!..nill..n,    the  crii 


M'l 


if   tl 
l^.ri!   tirst 


resnrii'ctii.n. 


iiiai'ili.'n. 


.lieie.    as   traililioii   a.s.si'rts.   I  )iir  |  s.i.li 


.M 


irv,   after    his 


if.li 
IV  I. iiir 


insileiii.  wliieii  ale  l«ii  sloiie  c 


.llil 


lillli 


Tl 


.Itai.li-.  wiiU'Ii 


Till 


(' 


II 


illllllllllllv, 


h  ive  an  all  ir  immciliatelv  liehiml  the    llolv   .S'luilcli 


it«clf      In  a  straight    line  troni  this,  the  Sviiii 


h; 


inscrilie-l    in   (i.ihic    lelleis,   Iml  .in-  n. 


iiiav   lie  Knirlisheil  as  fulli 


III 


ere  Ins   the   ren..«  111 


ll  ihie'tain  d.illr 


.f   Ho 


.1  i-li.'i|H'l,  lieliiiiil  » hicli  is   a    small    ilour   hetweeii    two     illi.ii,    wh.>  •,'aineil    i.m  r  the  wli..|e  of   tlii>    l.in.l    to    th 


pill.ii-s  to  the  left,  as  Wf  St  mil    with   our   hacks    to    ih. 


worsliin  oi 


11. 


ly  ."si'pul.hre. 


In   tl 


I.f  C'l 


irist. 


.M 


IV    his    s.i 


111    ll 


nil   (y'hrist. 


lis  cavern   are   two   opeiniiijs, 


cnstitntini;,  a.s  we  are  tnlil.  the  Tomlis  of  Joseph  of  '•I'lalilwin  the  kini;.  amithcr  .Ii|.la.>  M  nciiliens,  his 
.Vrimatlu-a  and  Nicoileinus.  As  yon  pas.s  from  the  cniintrv  s  Iiii|m'.  the  strength  ol  l  In-  ( 'liuiili.  the  valor 
eiilnince    of    tlif    Holy    Sepiililire,     into     the     <ii k      of  liotli,  whom  ( 'amiia.  ami  K:.'ypl    ami   ll.iii,  ami   cmii 


( 'hiircli.  Villi  s-' 


e  111  the  centre,  iin 


h'r  1 1 


larkeil  out  as  tl 


le  cupola,  a  .sp 


ll     till 


miinleri.ns 


ll; 


iinaviis.    Ill 


111    ti'i'i'.ir,   an 


le  navel  or  centre  ot    the   wor 
Is 


Ulster  .'>niiilav,  ami  the  Turkish  <  iiianls  :ire  entir- 


il.      liiit     tril.iiieti 


li.el 
ih'li 


inv,  iml..si 


ll  uithi'i  this  narrow  loiiili 


I'ls   of  .Icrnsaliiii    were    woilln  of 


lor  It  Is  now   mi. 


iml  till 


Ltreit     (Ireek 


llliillV  I.f  the  Saileil   Fire  is  ah.  .lit  to    l.lke    I. hi 


W. 


Tl 


siiii;  near  til.'  loiiili  lln'V  n 
ll  ' 


.'11. -I  I 


tn 


lese  arc  the   iinlv  mortal    remains    inlcrreil    near   tin 


III   the    111 


liilels 


liiii.st  pitss,  therel'..ri'.  with 


.ill  ''U 


T. 


lis    of    shallow  of  the  tonili  of  (hri.st. 


A. lam  anil  .Melchiscilck,  an    .\rali  ami   Turk 


■  luetioii  into  the  (,'liiirc|i.      <  i 


Aral.' 


isli     iiili-.. 
ml    ('..Ills 


III  I  till 


lilliscruwilin  lip. .11  till' (.-n train' 


VII.— THK    TKMl'I.K,     AND    TIIK    .MOSQl'l'. 


(iK  oM.Ml 


'    .\minliii;;  to   Ku.«rliiii!i,    tlic    Ki 


ilivinelv 
I'nrw,  "  //I  A. 
is.iiiiii.r"!  '-Ill 


liii;; 

v.sl  tli.'ri't.i  so.. 11  iiflir   hi 


■iIlslillC.IH' 

ral.l 


ihate 


ever  p.irt   we  \  lew 


IK   1 n.intl.lc   vi»ii.ii    ..I    tl..' 

.(•  ,<i./»..  niicin"     ("I'liilir  this  l.iiiii.r  sliiilt  iIm.ii 


.rerns-ilem,  the  ^lori.'ili 

th 


ire,  with  Its  cypiesses,  minarets  with 


"1 
M  iilri.in  Iki.1 


iMsl    l^ 


.lirl 


•  I   till 


i.|   ..till 


i.t  V, 


nils,  tliat  lia.l  lai 


:irth  h. 


..I.Htnii'ii.ins    willi    wliirli 

:is  wi-ll   ;is  till'  sani'tii.irv 

rlisl    liy  Lis  ..|'.l..r    ll|Hii|  ll  va«l    liill  ..I' 


111     its    ilii 


ll 


,ih' 


.MosiMie  of  (  Imar  the  (ireat.  forms  a  conspicuous  ol.|i 


ll     th. 

1. 


tl 


le  .'rami  pictni 


inilNsI  ..v.r  till' iimliiil  Cliri-liiiii  ilni|K'l  Hlii.li  inark.il  Lis      H  Mot  I'.isy. 


r 


1  enter  wi 


linn  tliise  iireiiiiits 


was  Willi  ll  a  111. Ill 


s  hcail  111  ll. 


sliriiif,  tl.  U'  ri'iii<.v-i.i| 


few 
tin- 


it.     Til 


It*  in..Ti;i<-it 


..Ml 


•way  until  it    U-ciu 
caviTn,  wlii.'Ii 


uiii'  ..niv  a  I'.Hil  iir  I 


tliii'k 


iliiijl.le-r." 
witboul 


iiii.l  11  niatinilii'iiii  r.'inpli' 111  l»' liiiilt  al)..iit      vears  .'mo ;    hut    all    KiiLrlishtiian    Iir  t  lint    in    iimler  th 
liniiit'  till'  s.'|iiil.  lire  lit  ..ur  b.nl  was  iiit     '.ij.sjfnisc  of  an  eiii,'iiieer.  then  :iii  American  iloctor,  then 

an  l''.iii,'lisli  artist,  then  .some  .inliiame  oJli.'eis,  then 
.some  n.iNal  ollieers  of  our  own  cimiitry.  tinn  a  iniinlicr 
of  Omar  l'acha'»  lluiigariun  ami  I'olUli  frieml*  :   until, 


lis  at   that  III! 


iii'.s  ar'.ir 


ii.l  t 


liiiv.'  Imtii  I'liiiviTltsl   inti.  a 


lusl  «'|mlclin',  aihl  iviui  ihhtciI  » itii  iiiiirlili'  williin  anil 


^ 


ZZ      I 


I 


'i  -I 


I 


u. 


U 


f^\ 


< 


u 
c 

■p. 


■■■■i 


!        '     I 


§,  -i- 


(til,'  hum.'  uf  ill,.  Si,, II,'  .,!■  I!.„k)  I 

\liiliil  Miilik  till'  l''il■^t,  wIk'ii  III'  iH'.liil.itiil  tlir  |,il 
ill  iiii.-"'i'  ti,  .Mrii'.i.  .ilnl  |iliiri'il  llir  MiiMpK'  i>t  •ItTllNlli'lii 
1,11  ;i  ifVi'l  willi  till'  KiiJil.it  ;it  .Mi'i-ra.  aLTLTI'il'  li^iil  tin' 
x;ilii,'  i>t'  thi-  .s|iiit  ill  .MiliiaiiiliHilaii  i'Vi'>.  'I'ln-  (ill 
M,li'r:>  uiivi'i'lcil  till'  Miisipii'  into  a  (liiirrli.  Iliit 
."^iliiliii  I'l's'ini'd  till'  iii,'lii>  lit'  .Musli'iiiisiii,  mill  tln'V 
I   II  IIS  liiiw  III'  raiist'il  till'  Miily  IMaii'  tu  In'  |iiiritii-,|  liv 


PIYE  DAYS  AT  JERUSALEM.  » 

fiiiiiUy,  tnlorablo  inton^st  v,-ith  oithi-r  Cntisiil,  .iinl  tin-  tn  llcavi'ii,  nirnril  llu' ])fii|iliet  tu  liis  snored  rock.  It 
iiiliipaiiyiif  all  artist, sii|i|,iisi'il  liy  till' t'alialii- Miis.^iiliii:iMs  is  siijijiiirti  il  liv  srMi  ti  in  iiiarlile  i'dIuiiiiis,  iind  here  it 
tiilii"  ski^tcliiii^'tiir  till- |mr|His.'iitri'|iaiisliy  till'. \ii  liitii't  is  ilial  tlu'  rr,,|ilii  t,  as  ti.iiliti,,ii  savs,  saw  tlio  Hoiins 
Klli'iiili,  will  ti|ii'ii  till-  vav  til  yiiii,  111' any  Hill' ilsi',  as  it  iliiriiiLT  liis  iii,rliiiii.il  jniiniry  liravi'iiwiinls  lliTc  i» 
iliil  to  us.  a  |,rayiiiu  |,lari'   tuiiiril   tuwaiils  Mi'roa,    wiid  to   lie  tin' 

\Vi' liavf  si'i'ii  tlu' 'riin|ili' lit"  Siliiiiinii  ami  lit'  lluroij  .l/iAn//,,  <ir  I'myiii^  I'iai'i'  nt'  l>aviil;  t'lir,  Ihto  wiw 
fall  iiiiiItT  the  aiiii-siit 'rilii>,  wliili' nut  rxi'ii  tlii' ilcvii'r  i.l'  •  haxiil's  .Iiiiliinn'iit  Siat.''  tiny  ti'll  lis.  Nur  wa.s  lii.s 
till'  I'liiiiHior.hiliaii  till' A|iiistatc,  wlinilisircd  tn  raiseit  ta.-.k  ilillinilt,  a.s  to  this  spnt  raiiic  iluwii  ii  chain  fruiii 
ill  an^iravatiiiii  as  he  tliiiiii,'ht  nt'  tin'  < 'hristiaiis,  siitliri'd  ■  llravi'ii— (lioiicc  tin'  '■  I'liine  ul'tln'  Oliaili') — to  wliii.h 
!,i  f.tfcutc  till-  wurk.  Fill'  s|iriiii,'iii;;  lV,,ni  tin-  larth,  rarh  party  in  the  suit  slii'trlnd  out  his  hand  in 
and    t«;n'ililc'   iittt'raiui'.s,  as  wr   li  aiii    li'iiii    .\  ninuaiiiis     -wiariiij;  tn  his  I'vidciici',  ami  friun  which  a  link  dri)|)|H'd 

Maricliiius  (.\xiii  ,  1.),   |iri'Vi'iitiil    tin-   arc |ili^liiniiit     1,11' in  ca.sc  nf  pel  jiiiy.      l)avid's   jicopli'  were  imt  iivcr- 

iif  Ills  inipiiiiis  ilctiant  liiia.sl.  Itiit  wlnii  the  Caliph  strict  in  cvidcmc;  t'nr  they  swiirc  away  the  wlmlo 
I  Mnar  tnuk  llic  I'ity,  he  seanliei!  mi  this  spnt,  the  i  liain  ilnrini;  his  ieii.'n.  and  imt  a  link  of  it,  siiys 
iiiiient  ninuntaiii  i>t'  Mnriali,  where  .Mir.iliaiii  had  'I'liiki-li  trailitiiii.  e\i-ii,|  in  Siiliiinon's  tiliii'.  'I'lic 
.,tli'"ed  up  his  .sun,  tor  the  .s.'icii'd  .stnlie  nii  which  the  Kasiern  <  iate  hi  I  e  is  c  ili  il  '  The  <  liltc  of  I  leiitli."  'I'he 
I'l.ipliet  .lacoli,  'The  ilreanier  of  ( Jml,'  ( l.snu'l  Allah)  liorlhein  i^ate  (in  fr,  nl  i  I' iis)  is  the  ^'ate  of  I'aiadise. 
Iki'I  laid  his  head  iliirini;  his  vision,  itone^is  x.wiii.,  (In  eninin:;  up  into  this  .see, .ml  esplanade  which  ri.ses 
III.)  This  he  fniiml,  and  ele.iied  fr,,ni  the  dirt  that  fnun  the  eieat  eiii|,,siiie,  we  li.nl  tn  take  otl'nur  slinrs 
,  ,,veieil  and  siiiroiinded  it,  ami  Imilt  up,iii  it  the  and  put  on  red  slippers,  which  are  sold  for  the  pur 
.Mosipie,  which  he  e.illi'il  Kiililiah,  ,,rKiiMiet  e^h.^'akhra,     pose  in  the  l,a/.ars        I  he  whole  of  the  llaiaiii  enclosure 

as  il  is  called,  is  very  lajj;e,  cotitainiii};  ahoiit  thirty  live 
acres,  or  L'tlKI  feet  mi  llie  east  side,  llKId  ,i|i  I  lie  west, 
IlKMI  oil  the  i.ir'h  and  imil  on  the  .south — iiicliidin;{ 
i'ort  Anton'  ^  i  -,  ,lie  nmth  and  the  .Mos()iiei)f  El  Aksa 
on  the  south. 

.\t  the  eastern  end  was,  accordiiiij  to  an  Araliic 
.Ms.  Iv  Kadi  Mejr  cd  din,  the  (I'lite  oj  h'e/n nt- 
tiiici'.  ••  When  an  Israelite  tr.insi;rc.sscd,  his  .sin  was 
«.i>liiiii;  the  whole  with  rose  water,  lirmi^ht  tor  the  Iniiinl  in  the  ninrnini.' « litteii  mi  the  door  o!  his  limise  , 
piiipnse  on  the  hacks  nf  five  linmlnd  laiinls.  .\t  this  then  he  went  to  this  place  to  repent  and  lie.seech  (jod. 
,|.\.  .lenisah'in  stands  next  in  .Moslem  estiiii.ttimi  to  The  sii;n  nf  his  pardon  was  the  ili.sap|.e.irance  of  the 
Mecca  and  .Medina,  a.s  the  present  c.ine.iiii->e  of  pili^iiin.s  «rilinn;  and  so  Ion;;  as  it  was  iint  ohliterated,  he 
allows  us,  as  Well    as    the    perpetual    iniit  lei  in;;    of   the     dared  not  approach  .my  one.' 

pi,, lis,    while    re.iiliiiy;   tin-    Km-.m    for    theinselMs   and  The   (ircit  .Miisi|iie   ispaniiellnl   outside   with   lieaii- 

■ilicrs.  The  ( iii.inl  of  sexenty  tliousiml  an;;els  is  repre  tifiil  araliesipie  Mid  iiiosaic  ttmk,  and  verses  of  the 
siiited,  \i.silily,  liy  two  hiindied  iiei;rnes,  whns,-  p,,sf  nr  Kmaii  in  letters  of  i;iilil.  and  Imtli  courts  are  paved 
l'aiiMcksili';;ilise  the  lieaiity  nf  the  oplan.nle  (1..  p  33)  with  white  marlile.  'I  he  .Miisi|iie,  it  will  he  .seen,  i.s 
I II  niir  view  the  area  is  free,  the  plinliiitntph  lia\  in;;  lieeii  mtaironal,  withadmiie  of  an  ej;;;  shape  covered  with 
t.ikeii  early  m  tlic  iiiornini;  ;  Imt,  ttlieii  we  were  ihere,  lead,  and  a  lantern  with  ei;;lit  sides,  having;  a  window 
yoii  tnii;lit  have  seed  in  every  ilireciiniiniiiiieriii|s;;roups,  in  e,icli.  a  pinnacle  under  a  cli'sceiit  meitoppini;  ail. 
many  of  thein  compo.sed  of  females,  some  kneilinj;  in  The  ei;;lit  windows  in  the  luntern  are  litti'd  «itlistaineil 
player,  other  U"^si|'''i>;'  us  is  their  cii.stiMii  mi  a  warm  ylass,  and  the  whole  hasa  Saraieiiica|ipearaiice  Ihere 
.illiriinon.  I'ervislies  in  varimis  cnstuine,  .md  Jnople  are  twelve  |iiiiticoes  like  the  cloistcrN  of  the  Allialnhra, 
iliawinj;  water  at  the  many  foiiiitaiiis  (there  are  ■'!  1 1  nl' three  nr  fmir  arches,  the  la|,;est  of  which  is  said  l<i 
are  also  visilile.  The  "  l)niiie  of  the  Chain."  an  exipii  he  the  I'.eautiful  (i.ile  of  .St.  I'aul.  Near  the  one  mi  the 
sitely  elee  Mt  hiilldiiii;,  a  liiosijue  on  a  small  seale,  south  side,  not  visilile  in  our  illustration,  sands  a 
standi  in  tr.  .it  ot  the  (iieat  .Miisi|iie  oii  the  Kiustern  lieautifiil  .M  iihainiiiail.in  pulpit  and  staircase,  the  stair 
siile,  lietween  it  and  the  hliisterii  ( iate,  where  arc  some  -.isi  ,  pillars  .iiel  arches,, I  which  are  cxipiisile  s|ieciiiii'ns 
steps  up  « hich    liiirak,   the    steed   that    lime   .Mahoniel      n'   .\ial,i  iii  taste 

Within     the    .M.isipie    the    li;;lit    is    diliilned    liy    the 

'    'IVonl'.    im'rit»ri..ilH  attempt  tl.a.  1,,.,  l-HM  inuili' ti,  arrive     ^""i"''''     K'''^'*    windows;    the    eirect    is    one    of     :i     rich 

at  s I'   kiiiiwli'iltfc  !>!'   wliiit    this   T.uu.le  nt    S.il.im.in    :i,,,|    ,,f     simplicity.      The   paxeimnt    as   well  us   the    walls  is  ot 

ZiiiiIiIihIkI  v..e.  l,.i.  Ih'i'M  iiiuili'  li\  \lr.  >.  .s|iar|H'.  Tint  ;;iiitlr  Inarlile,  ;»rev  or  -.vliile;  I'S  eolunilis  nf  pirphyry  forill  a 
' '    |iiii|i.iuii-l-.  uiHMi    *iiiiiil    ilaia,    that    il    »as    iiol    a   c 'ViTcl  :  ,.,„|,.,.,|,,.i,.  ,',.,v,..  h  seeniid  rallj;e  of  sixteel.  ciilinnns  slip- 

l,i|,|iliii.'.    ■If   ill,'    Kiiiillsli  mini  \iiii;lil    Uiiil   ii.*  tisiiiiinKi'.      Tlir  ,  .  i       .,|         ii    .      ...  i    ^ I  ,,>    il.  . 

,,  ,  1  .'      1  I  11       1  1,111  iKirts  a  dome  i-omtiiI  willi  •■olden  aralM'siiue      Ijut  tlie 

lli'lniu    ami   liot'l     wnnlii  iiieaa   a    lielv    iil.i.-.',    nlmli   iiiiliiilitl  '  ■       n  i> 

-I'Vi'ml  cimiis.  ■•■   ..iciif  wliii'li  s|,.m   th;  .•..v.-r.-,!  li.nl.lii,...  ,.t  the  K<'""'''''il  prevalence  .il    pillars  ^ives  a  liyzantine  appear 

Ilea t'  ill.'    I.iiril.      Mr.  >iiar|K'   U'lieves  Shat    .SiLuiinii  ,-..iiie,l  allce  tn    the    liiiildiiu;,    and    has  hd,    in    .smne    ipiarter.s, 

till-  |ilaii  nf  miiiii'  nf  I  lie  K(;>iili.iii  t.iiiiili's,  the  »iiii|ilest  "f  »liiili  (n  a  sil'_'L;est  imi  that  this  mav  lia\  e  lieeii  a  sllpi  rsl  riictllle 

eiiiisiNli'il  ,it'  a  i-iixiTi'il    l,<iililii,^,  Willi  a  oiurt  ill  liiiiit   stirreiaiiliil  i-iised  li\    ( 'olistintilie  * 

l,V    .1  \l;lU    nr    I'lilnniiaili'.       .Slli'll    air    til*'    (llallii    nt    ihe    ti'inpli's  nt'  ' 

I'l'iH'l'    K-\(lt.       Ill   tile     lilllllii'    '<t'    lllllilstis,    ill     l.,,«>r     Kk'.N|it,  :     ^ 

llii'ii'    »ii.s   a    »all  siirrniiiiilu.i;   Mi,'   xlnie.  m>   llial  the   hiiilitiiii;  '  Kailur  linu'cr  tells  ,,l  a  cnfinii^  Iciri'inl.     "  lli'siihs  the  thirty- 

sIimmI  iiiil  at  tiiK'  I'litt  nf  a  t'liarl,  aa   .a  the  'riieUiit  ti'titj'li-s,  luit  iii  tivn  cnliiiiiH  v\hieh  Hii)i{  iirt  tl,i>  xaiilt  anil  iloiiie,  iheri'  ure  twn  nf 

till' aiiihlh' nf  it.     Siiloniini'ii  liiiiph' ri'Miiilihil  in   miii,- ivsiHits  mhuIUt  iliii,iii'>iniis  very  mar  the  « est   ihmr,  wliicli  are  shewn  tn 

Imtli  nf  Ihew.      riiiii'  vnw  a  curt    in   fmiit  nf  tlii-  hniisi'.  an, I  a  f,iii>;ii  piluriins,  wlin  are  iimile  tn  Inhevi'  that   if  the*    lan  |iiis8 

Vl't    lal>,'i'r    iiillll   Hhiili    ine'.,i>is|  the  h<,ilx'  nilll   the    illlliT   emill  with    i  lis,-    hetwiill    l.iiwe    enhllUlls.    tliej    lire   are    preilentilleil    tn 

I'lie  imri'h  of  thi?i  temple    Willi    Iwn  wpiiire   pillars     .liiihiii  an, t  slmie  the  jnis  nf  M.ih,iiiiel's  |i.irii,li-e."      It    in   likewiiH'  siiiil,  Ihnt 

ilniiT.     iiiHj    la'  •tpiniiHil    liy    the  pillars  ill  tinni  -if  an  K(:vptiiiii  ••  if  .i  l  hi:^  ian  were  i,,  pii»'.  h,  Iwn  n  lliiite  enluiiins,   lliej    w,,ulil 

Uiuiple.  I  eli'M'  ii|i.iii  1,111,  mi, I  eniiili   him  tn  iteulh." 


ii 


40 


AI.L   HOUND  TllK    WOULD. 


liiiini'diutcly  iinilcr  this  dnrrii'  is  Kl  S.ikiM'i,  nv  the 
IJiick,  also  cullicl  llailjiir,  (irtlic  Sluiii'  fiiir  urr/liari; 
ii  iiiiiss  111  native  nick,  the  sole  ii'iniiaiil  uf  tlic  li)|i 
of  Miiriali,  SOUK'  sixty  ti'fl  lurj,  liy  tilly  wiile,  and 
ton  or  l«ilvi'  tci't  lii^li  iiM  till'  lower  .-.iiie.  It  is  sur- 
rounded Ini'e  ii\  a  radilif,'  n)'  wimd  elaliorately  earv  ed 
anil  i^'ilt. 

SiewidC.  >|i'akini,'  of  lljis  rmk  in  tlie  ( 'riisaders'  time. 
wlleM  lie  made  Ids  |iil;,'riliia^'e  to  .lenisaleiii.  says,  "  In 
this  plaec  Soloinon  ]ilaecd  the  Ark  nt'  llie  I 'i.\  inant. 
havin;;  the  manna,  and  the  rnd  ol'  Aaron,  whieli 
lloiM'ished  .and  liiidded  there.  :iiid  |inidiieed  almond.s, 
and   the  two  talile-   of    the    t  »ld    'l'e-.l,,;.'v,o  Here    (  lllf 

Lord  .lesus    ('hrist.    weaind    with    the    vimei it    I  he 

Jt'W>.  W.as  aeenstomed  to  re|ioM-;  here  was  the  |il,i<e 
of  confession,  where  hi.s  disei|iles  eolifosed  t  heln.'-elv CS 
to  him;    here  tlie  .\n:,'el  ti.ii'riel  a|)|ii  arid  to /achariti.s. 

sayiiiLT,    ''riioii    shalt    r ive  ,i    child    in   lh\   olda^e:' 

here  Z.uliari.is.  the  son  ol  Iterachi.is.  wi.-.  slain  lutweiii 
the  'remple  ,ind  the  Altar;  heii'  wa.s  the  olIiiiiiL,' of 
(Mir  Lord;  and  here  hi'  w.is  found  .■-ittiiiu'  in  'In'  mid-t 
of  the  Idietors,  the  l'o..tm.irk.-  of  the  Lord  were  here 
made  when  he  concealed  him>cll'.  .and  went  mit  of  the 
'reiii|ile,  lest  the  .Iew>  shoidd  stone  him;  and.  linallv 
here  the  woman  taken  in  .adiillcry  wa.i  liroiiiihl  liefore 
him  for  jiidu'inent.  ' 

There  arc  many  more  iradiiious,  Iml  we  will  :;o  on 
with  the  'I'nrkish  legend  l'"r..iii  this  r.nK.  Mahomet, 
alter  his  celclirated  iiit;h!  ioiiriiey  liom  Mecci,  on  the 
heast  Kl  Ihir.ik.  accomji.inied  li\  the  .Vnncl  (iaiiriel  (as 
dt"5crilpcil  in  the  .-.ev  cntei  nt  h  cli,i|ilei'  of  llic  Kor.in) 
aMvndcd  to  Heaven,  lea\in^  the  print  of  his  fiot, 
H  hicli  is  .an  iilpject  of  veneration  to  , ill  tnie  iielievers, 
Soiiie  say  that  the  im|ire>.^ion  of  the  loot  is  that 
of  the  |iro|ihet  Kiioih,  called  in  .\r.ili  I'r  /'^ris», 
or  the  studious.  lie  was  ,i  yrc.it  .isl roloi."  r  and  the  I 
inveiito;  of  writini;.  His  charity  w.is  ci|ual  to  hi.s  ! 
knowlcdL.'i.  and  to  reward  hinitlod  |ireMrMi|  him  from  i 
death,  .and  translated  hnii  alive  to  Ijeivcn.  I'his  also  • 
is  the  rock  from  which  thi'  four  yii  at  rivers  of  the  Last 
(low.  It  is  sjiid  to  he  si|s|ieniie.|  in  s|i.ice,  or  .su|i|„,rled 
on  .an  invi.sihle  |i.ilm-lrec,  which  is  iisclt'held  n|i  liy  ihv 
inolhcrsof  llu'iwoi,'iiMl  |iro|,het>,.le,usaiid  .Mnhanmicd. 
Till'  |!le.s.seil  .Mothers  sit  .at  I  he  universal  siirini;.  hiisnd 
in  wcaviii','  i^armenl^  for  the  just  who  have  traversed 
Si.-;illi  (the  iiiM.-ililc  liridj;ei.  williout  filliiii;.  .lewisli 
tradition   makes    this   rock    that   on    which    the    .\rk 


listed,  uithiii  the  Holiest  of  Hollos.  It  was  hiddon 
liy  the  curtain  lieliind  which  ihe  IIIl;!!  I'licsl,  .aloiiu 
had  the  rii,dit  of  enteiiiii;  to  |iroiioiiiice  there  the  holy 
name  of  <  iod, — the  |iioMunciation  of  winch  word,  the 
Itahliis  tell  us,  is  now  lost.  —  the  htlcis  oiilv,  of 
.lehov.ih,  lemainilin  to  us  llownei^hl  .slep.s,  wccoiiui 
to  a  larye  chamliei  or  cave  he«ii  in  the  lunk. 
Around  this  .ne  five  hollow  |il.iiis.'  .at  whi'h  Alua 
li.ain,  llavid,  Solomon,  .lesus.  and  .Muhamunal  are  said 
to  h.ave  succes.sively  prayed. 

'I'l avc    is    S    t'ect     liiyli  :.iid    !  .">    feet   sijUare.        Ihe 

ceilini,'  ol'  this  cave  is  .almiit  four  or   live   feet  lielow  the 

siirfii f  the    rock,    from    four  to  six    feel   thick,  ,iml 

pierci  d  with  an  oval  sh.aped  holi'  alioiit  threo  feet  in 
diameler  Tlie  sides  are  plastered.  "  ill  order,  '  as  Is 
.'<aiil.  '  to  produce  the  impression  that  iliis  immense 
roi-k  is  now  suppoiied  hy  .a  wall  of  in;;siiirv,"  people 
h.niiii;  hceii  fiiiihlcned  .at  seciiii;  so  l.iroc  a  rock  sup 
ported  on  iioiliiii:;!  'I  lure  is  .a  round  pui  e  ol'  -t.aie 
alioul  ihe  criitie  ol  the  llimr.  which  marks  the  site  .if 
the  l!ir  .\i  I'll. ih  I  Well  of  .Souls),  formerly  kept  open  lor 
the  convenience  of  lioldiii:^  intercourse  w  itli  dcp.ai  Ic  I 
spirits-~-of  ilu!  wicked,  we  imi,dit  to  .s.iy.  for  this  is 
su|iposeil  to  he  the  eiitniiice  to  the  .Miihammcdan  ILII. 

There  is  .sonietliiiii;  like  a  ton^'in-  cut  in  the  roi;k 
alio\c'the  eiilr.ince,  and  thi.s,  they  s.iy,  spoku  to  the 
Caliph  t  Mnar  \fi\  imicli  alter  the  lashioii  of  tilt:  Irish 
echo,  which  replied  to  I'.it's  "How  d've  do  !"  with  a 
"  \'erv    well,     1    thank    Mill.''    for   when   <  >mar,   m    IiIh 


"•"':*?«^, 


CAVE      UNDEH     flic     tlMPLC     HILL. 


,ly 


U.    u|- 


sImIk; 


II  tiir 


Jl-A\>  AT  jr.Ul.^Al.lM. 


I  ! 


I|i 


If 


i'l 


FIVE  DAYS  AT  JERUSALEM. 


4S 


delight  at  limliii^'  JhcoVh  Pillow,  laid  to  the  atone, 
E»h  talam  aleil.  ("  lli-iilth  to  you");  the  stone,  not  to 
be  tifhind  in  civility  to  tlie  Pro|ihet'»  iii'|ili(!W, 
rp]>lii'd  at  once,  "Tlie  mime  to  you  :"  Aleik.  en/i  xdlam! 
Down  in  tliu  cave  we  khw  the  murk  of  Miiliammt'dV 
tnrliun,  wlieie  he  knocked  liiM  iicail  nj^iiin^l  tin-  wall  in 
liis  leivour  after  the  ride  in  one  ni^jiit  liom  hiav  n  to 
tliiM  place.  Up  .stairs  we  go—  uiialdi'  to  lielii-veany  mure 
—  hilt  liere  we  are  kIhiwii  on  a  clisl;  tiie  (';diph  I  •inar'.s 
copy  of  till!  Koiiiii,  a  MS.  with  |i;i;.;is  lour  I'eit  lonj;, 
the  Hvvoid  and  standard  of  All,  (lie  sliield  of  llaUiZih, 
the  IVoplii't's  riimpaidon,  and  a  slcme  Hlriingely  nliapeil, 
the  Huddle  of  I'-iirak,  tlie  IVophet'H  m\de!  Tiiere  is,  a 
few  |mees  from  the  rock,  u  ^reeii  hlul>  of  marl>le,  with 
the  minks  of  eiijhteen  nails,  stiid  to  'jave  lieen  of  H"l'l, 
ten  only  reinaining.  There  are  now  oidy  three  iron 
iniils  left  in  it,  and  the  priestH  sav  that  ut  certain 
great  eventM  a  nail  is  dniwri,  and  that  the  three 
remaining,  mark  the  ilistanei'  of  lime  before  the  deatnic- 
tion  (>f  the  world,  there  luing  three  agea  only  between 
us  anil  that  consiiminatien.  i'hen  Issratil  is  tn  minnd 
Hiirun  (the  trumpet  of  Death),  and  frty  years  «ft<'r- 
wards,  the  trumpet  of  ItcKiirn  cti>>n  upon  which  the 
judgment  will  ensue.' 

Coining  out  of  the  mo.sipie  by  the  Gate  of  Heaven, 
which  face8  uh  in  the  view  [sen  page  33),  and  turning 
to  the  left,  we  come  tn  two  little  domed  nio.s(pieH  or 
■hrineji,  with  marble  pillars.  The  nearest  is  th.it  of 
Fatima,  the  I'rophet's  Daughter,  whnse  descendants 
ruled  in  Kgypt  and  .Morneco  as  ilie  Katimite  dynasty. 
The  other  i.s  the  Cha|iel  of  Muhammed's  Ascension,  and 
at  the  wall,  chi.sc  by,  is  tiie  staple  to  which  In^  fa.steiieil 
liurak,  while  he  made  a  shoit  pia\'er  before  he  started 
on  that  wonderful  voyai;e,  which  was  so  rapidly  exe- 
cuted, that  although  he  Ir  Id  various  conversations  with 
Moses  and  others  whom  he  saw  in  Heaven,  he  returned 
ill  time  to  prevent  the  filling  of  a  silver  urn,  which 
Gabriel's  wing  happened  to  strike  us  they  mounted  on 
high.  Just  within  the  east  gale  is  tin'  fainoua  Well  of 
the  Leaf,  concerning  v.'hich  there  is  u  pretty  legend,  as 
folluwH : — 

"The  Propliel  ioiid,  'One  of  my  jieople  shall  enter 
into  Paradise  walking,  while  yet  ulivo,'  It  happened 
in  the  time  of  ( Imur  tlia*  MUne  ]m'|'soiis  came  t»t  Jerii- 
Httlem  to  pray.  A  in:in  of  the  tribe  of  the  lieni-Teiiiiu, 
named  Sherif  Ibii-Habasha,  went  to  bring  wat<T  fiU' 
his  companions,  and  his  biuiket  fell  into  tlic  well.  lie 
went  (hiwii  to  reciver  it,  and  found  a  door  in  the  well 
which  led  to  ganh  ns  He  entered  the  door  to  the 
gardens,  and  Wi.iked  in  the  gurdeiis,  and  took  a  hal 
Irom  their  trees,  which  he  placed  behind  his  ear.  Hi- 
returned  by   the   well,  came   to  the  governor,   and  re- 

'  Killnr  ItiipT  lillt  a  iliffi  ri'it  slory.  He  My*,  «i>e»!<iiiK  iif  iIm. 
Kiick,  *'  M  l(n'  iU-l«iiri'  t.t  itirM  pflcni  fnmi  tlii-H  Iwo  loliiinn^  ' 
( lii*'lili<ilii'(l  id  li  'eniuT  I'l  )  '*tlii're  in  ii  nlui.o  in  llip  [m^emrnl, 
vi'hkli  Ht>|K-Hrt  111  lie  btiK  t.  iiuirliir,  dtioiit  tvsu  aiiit  a  half  lc*'i 
h'luanj,  hmI  nii^r  t  a  tittle  hIhhi*  tlie  puveiiicnt.  In  tliii  nti'iu'  ate 
Iwi-  ty-ilirite  hnliN,  in  ulm'li  it  .sernm  an  if  tli  r«  tiail  t^i-niiiTli 
bt^'n  I  ails,  a  il  in-li-vd  t^v>.  are  \ct  reniaiiiii<t(.  The  piirii  m«  nl 
ttiene  U  nut    known;     tim    Muli.iiiMPitliinH    ihuniH.  tven    tifli<'ve    that 

itwa>anihi<  aioiia  III     i  riipLeiH  m.|   th'ir  Iwt  \vl they  ali»;liii"l 

from  their  honwa  In  n"  iii|.>  tlw  IVmi|1.',  ami  iliat  Miiliaeiiiii'il  iil^i. 
ali^hteit  upon  it  when  liv  ariixe.l  troin  W.ihia  Ftiiz,  un  hi...  Journm 
U>  Partdiae  to  li.ila  CDnmiliiiiii'ti  v.iih  tioil." 

So  far  Father  U  v.\'r.  Itut  .\li  Itvy  re{K'riM  ilui  mniia  to  he 
"III*  Iluor  111  raraili-e,"  ami  .-aii  tliai  th«  devil  piillitl  out  the 
nail*  when  he  trail  to  iiiir  ihrre,  l>ut  wa<  prevented  by  iii.t 
being  ahia  to  pull  out  thi»e  thai  re  tin.  To  Ih^  iiiiilure  of  I'M 
an>t  New  1'eala  i  ent  8aint^  with  Miih;i:nnimtan  le^elutll,  later  a^i-.* 
have  aiiileil  tiie  nanie  of  Oe  rge  of  i.'app.i>lticiii. 


ported  what  he  had  found  in  the  gardens,  and  about 
his  entering  them.  He  sent  some  men  with  him  to 
the  well,  who  deaeended  with  him,  but  they  <iid  not 
find  any  door,  nor  arrive  at  the  gnrdens.  And  he 
wrote  to  Omar,  who  answered,  that  the  tradition  of 
the  I'rnphet  concerning  the  mnn  that  sI;ould  enter 
I'aradi.se  alive,  was  true  ;  but  it  should  be  a.scei  tained 
whether  the  leal  was  fri'sli  or  dry;  for  if  it  had 
changed  colour  it  could  not  be  from  Paradise,  where 
nolhiiig  changes."  The  tiaditinii  add.s,  that  the  leaf 
liail  not  changed.  At  the  west  gate,  outside,  are  two 
biiil.M,  or  sonietliing  like  tin  in,  in  the  veins  of  the 
marble,  said  to  be  two  wicked  ma^'pies  fi>:ed  in  stone 
by  8010111011,  as  a  peipetiial  puni.'^hmtMit  and  sign  to  all 
birils,  that  even  the  air  was  hubject  to  his  |H>wer,  anil 
that  the  birds  of  tlit;  air  were  bound  to  reverence  the 
.s<inctity  of  the  Teinnle  he  was  then  building  to  the 
Lord. 

We  now  turn  to  the  Routli  and  proceed  to  the 
.Mostpuf  Kl-Aksji,  originally  a  (Christian  foiindution  by 
Jii.stinian  mi  a  poilion  of  the  Temple  of  llerod;  then 
again  a  Miiliaiiiiin dan  building;  then  aL;ain  a  Criis^i- 
dei-s'  Church  and  the  seat  of  the  K nights  Templars; 
and  now  a  mo.sipie  of  the  highest  .siiiietity.  It  is  3011 
feet  in  leii;,'th,  and  iiuliiiles  the  MiLstjiie  Abu  l?ehen, 
a  l.irge  Hall,  prim'i)iiiily  iiseii  f<ir  educational  piirpuKcs, 
400  in  breadth.  It  is  supposed  ti'  cover  the  spot  of  our 
Saviour's  Presentation  or  Purification,  the  old  cinirch 
having  borne  t!;.it  title.  The  front  has  a  |iia/za  of  .seven 
slightly  poi'ited  arches.  This  portico  is  said  to  liavu 
been  at  01  e  time  completely  plated  with  gold.  Tim 
ceiling  is  tiat,  and  siippoited  by  si.x  rows  of  pillars, 
of  brown  luatble,  and  tlieie  are  three  naves  on  each 
side.  Till  re  is  nti  eiuuiuuus  octagonal  pillar,  dedicated 
to  Siili  ov  Uidy  ( )uiar,atid  two  Liranitecoliimiis.deilicated 
to  the  Lady  Fatiuia,  which  are  .said  to  have  re|ilaced  the 
famous  brazen  pillars,  Jacliin  and  Itoaz.  One  hundred 
and  seventy  lamps  are  here  buiiiiiig  brightly,  being 
only  ten  le.-jt  than  blaze  in  the  (Jreat  .Mo.sipie  of  Omar. 
Iti'low  this  mos'pie  are  vast  vaults,  the  true  sub- 
structure of  till!  Temple  of  Solomon,  There  is  an  en- 
trance hall,  fifty  feet  long  and  forty-two  wide;  and 
in  the  centre  of  this  hall  is  a  coliinin  formed  of  one 
stone  (.we  page  4^<),  six  and  a  (piarter  teet  in  diameter, 
and  baivly  one  foot  high,  with  foliated  capital  of  no 
special  order,  but  yet  tastetiil.  This  is  certainly  of 
the  time  of  Solonuii.  {•'loni  the  top  of  this  spring 
the  arches  that  KUp|Kirt  the  tine  dome  constituting  the 
ceiling  There  is  another  pillai  of  un  ovul  shape  (see 
pat;e.il),at  the  noillieni  end,  and  fmir white  Corinth ian 
pillars  att;icliei|  ti.  the  dnnrway.  There  are  nine  steps 
right  acros.i  the  hall  at  the  western  end,  which  are 
blocked  up.  There  is  talk  of  the  fiiriiiliiie  and  trea- 
sures of  the  Old  Ti  lopli'  being  concealed  on  the  one 
side  or  the  other  of  tins  pa.ssage;  and  a  closed  door 
on  the  eastern  side  mi  lus  to  indicate  a  vacant  space, 
but  uo  uttiiiipt  to  open  it  has  been  made  in  modi  in 
tiiniis.  .A  t  the  siietli-iast  ciirner  of  the  Temple  espla- 
iiiide,  iheiii  are  open  vast  substructures,  known  us 
.Siilniiinii  s  st.ibles.  These  are  piazzii-like  structures, 
oil  sipiaic  pillars  of  gigantic  bevelled  stones,  such  ua 
ate  seen  in  the  most  ancient  portmns  of  the  hall, 
riie  whole  of  the  under  poitmn  of  the  Ti-mplu  aiea 
is  pierced  with  caverns,  niid  tanks,  and  urcli ways,  for 
sewerage  and  rnntiing  water.  Indeed,  the  underground 
of  Jeriivalem  is  really  iiiiue  ancient,  ami  may  ulti- 
mately prove  more  truitful  in  sacred  relics  o;  the  earliest 
ayex,  than  what  reiiiuini"  to  lie  seen  ab  .,e  ground. 


44 


ALL   UOUNb  THE   WORLD. 


t:  i  ! 


Aliiiut  iiiiilwiiy  ill   tl).«  Mstornniiist   r;mi.'c   of  tli.sc  VIII, —  ROUND  AN'I>    AliOU'l'  .1  KUUSALKiM. 

fillilrrr.iiiiMii  iiti-.idi  s  ,1  iorl<  is  |iiiiiiti'c|  mil  In  IH.  :iiii|  «!• 

Iirr   tnld   tll:ll   till--  is  ill.'  |i|,iii>   «  liiTi'  Snlnliiiili   toll  liifl  A    sclIM)    lllyllt's    sli'c|i    -linwlli  Tc  (IdCS    II    IIIIUI  n\fr\) 

tile    lii'iiinii       SiMiK      lioM    li'lliiw    ill    llii'    i.i.li'ii    tiiiii'.  Ki>    siMiiKJIv    IIS    ,'il     .1  i'I'iismIi'iii,    wIii'I'i'    III'    is    all    (lay 

wliK  tliiiiii,'lil    lliit     liriMiics   Will'    lii.lili'ii    uii'lir    il,  imii|i1iimmI    in  walkiiit;   .•iIkhiI    riniii   (Hir    liiiiKnis    cilijccl. 

Atnirk  ;it   it  with   u    |ii(l,  nxi':   Inn.   :ii    ilic    fiisl    lilnw,  ti>    aiinlliii'     -scim's    tn    I'li'ar    oiir     liraiiis    t'ldiii    tl 


till' ili'vil  ciii'.j   nut,    •■  l.ci    nil'   al "'      \Vi'  mi'il  imt 

Hjiy   tliat     till'    adVivlitiil    si'aiiliir   al'lir    hiImt   |K'n|ili''s 

|iln|Mlty    rnliljilliil    Willi    lliis    |-|'i|l|i-l.        'I'llis   rni'k    is  six 


CullI'Msinll       anil      llistnl'linll     III'      till'     U'I'IIkIiMII'      nf    I  i; 
'rr^laiiH'iil     llislnry,    ,'inil    tin-    .siiiij'liril\    nl    Cliiistiaii 
tnilli.-i.  iiil'i  iIh'  inniislrniis  lri,'iiiil.s  nl    .Viiili  iiii|insinii' ; 


!"■' 


Ml  I'.  I     If. 


II 


al.n 


Ir.l  liivtli  Iniii  .111.1  a  li.ill  li.iii,',  ami  liiiir  iTi-nii'l  lliiii-  iiinl  «c  slail  I'mlli,  at.  I'arly  ilawii,  "illi  a  [laily  nf 
tliril.s  i.f  siii;il|  |.yi.'iiiiiil  il  jilli's  III'  >.|nn<'s  all'  sri'ii  al.niif  ,\i'.'ili  ;i  1 1 1'lnlalil  s.  t  n  lini.sli  niir  |ill;;i'ililili,'r  I'nUliil  tlic 
till'  llnnr.  ilr|ii.siiii|  liy  .Mnsliin  ili'x..|i'is  III. Ill  all  |i.iil.s  Malls  of  .liiiisali'iii.  tlnr  jniiriHy  linin  .S|.  Sii'|iIm'Ii's 
111'  till'  Wi'ilil.  mill  till'  runts  lit' nil  I  |iiii.'  ti.i's  liaiiu'  iln«ii  I  la  1 1'  ii|i  I  In-  .Mi  mill  nl'  (  Hncs  ilnw  n  llirmiyli  tlir  \' alley 
in    many    plaris  fV.nii   tlir  rm.l'  inin   wliii-li    tln-y    liavc     nl'  .1.  Ii.>s|i,'i|.|ial    ami    U|i    In   .Mniiiit    /inn,    lia.s  ali'iinly 

iiiiii''l  n-  liallway  in  tin- ciri'iiit,  ainl  liiaili-  u.s  masters 

'.r  llii'    rasiiiii   .nnl   sniiiliern  siile.s.      We  liaM'  alninly 

er.issiil    ami     iiir..~s.  i|     ||||.    City    eitlier    w.iy,    .'iiiil    jt 

j'.MIIii'V.    lliililnle,    liniii  .'^1.   Sli'|ilieli's   (Jale    Iniiliil    liy 

till'  iinilli  .'inil   Hrsleiii   .siili's,  eiiililii;  wlii'ie    tin-  \  alliy 

nl'   llinniiiii  iiiiiles  with  lli.il  nl' .li'lin.slia|>liat.  will  rmii- 

|.li'l.' mil  I'iri-iiit.    'riiiniiii,' In  tin- lit'l  linni  .S|.  .Sti'|ilii'ti'n 

ilale  I'V  .1  liarrnw  |>:illi.  Iimler  I  lie  w.ilLs,   .siis|.eiuli'il   nii 

a  I  i'lue  ainli','  llii'  |iii'ii|ii.i'  n|'<  n'l  lisi'liiiine,  we  urailiially 

iisii'iiil  III  till'  iinrtli-ea.sl   iiriu'le  I'l'  llie  t'ilv  wall,  wliicji 

lull'   u'ni's  oil"  siniiri!  ami   sliar|i.        Tninini,'    liy    tliis 

iim.'!  '.  ue    IKTi'iive   lliat  the  wall    i.s    lieiv    |iri.lerlei|    liy 

.1  l.'ssr,  ami    resN  ii|inii    a    rniimlati.in    nC   rnek.s,  lisiiij} 

ii|i   iiitii  liinh  I'lills,  while  I  la  re   is  aimlliei-   rneky   liiljjo 

nl.  the   nllier  siile,    the    I'nadway  rniiiiil    the   t.'ily  |ia.s.s- 

iiii;  lielwi'i'ii   thrill         In    tart,    Wf   me   imw    ii|hiii    tlm 

iiil:,'i'  nr  eiesl    nf  lii'/i'iha.   nil    away    hy    llerml.        It 

slii.nls  ii|i  here  t'la  hllllilleil  t'ei't,  a  .snliil   liiwer  of  I'lH'k. 

Ili'l  Willi     this   |...iiit    ami    the    imrtli    ea.st    aii;,'le    wan 

ill.'    pill    -I'h'ili'.l    l.y    'I'aneieil    for    his    iillaek;    lienee, 

Inn.  S.ila.lin    r.ir.i'il    his    way    int.'    the    Cily.      .V  .slmrl 

ilisi.iiii'e  I'ailh.r  is  I  he  iiiniitli   nf  It  cavern  in  iht'   rnck 

nil  <\hi>'li  the  w.iil  is  l.iiilt.       Il    h'ails   iiniler  the  hiiiiM'S 

nf  the  I'iiv,   the  lil-si    hall  eXtemlllii;  .seMii   hliniiieil  mill 

lil'ly  li'i't.aml  liiiii:;  I  hr.  e  liiniisaml  feet  in  eiienniferenet!. 

Il  is  i'\  iili'iiily  the  ijiiiny  linm  wliirli  llie  slmie  u['  tlu> 

ri'iii|.|e  ami  .illii'i- '^'ii'.il  .lewisli  liiiililiin,'s,  wire  ent.alnl 

it   serins  In  ha\e    l.ii  n  kiDWii  tn  till'  ( 'rn.saile|-s,   tlllMlgll 

lint  ..{ii'mil  1..  iii..'|.'i';i    iiis|M'etinn  until  within  the  liust 

tell    Veal's,      'riieie     lie    many    iiit liialely    iiie,'imlerili){ 

|iassi;;es    le,i(liiii;   In    |ari;er   halls   liirther   within,   with 

Walls     while      "as    iliiveli     Slinw,'     .iliil     sii|.|inrleil     ull 

Oi.|..s„il  |iiilars  .if  irieu'iilar   shaiie,  as  left  hy  the  stolie- 

hewei-.       'i'liesi'    are    I'viilelillv     the    i|iiairies    I'f    Killf? 

Sniniiinii.     .iml.     lint     iiii|iinl.alily.      Km;;    Ilernil    cut 

thiniiiih     I  hem     ill     iliL;',;in^     nut     the    fnsse    in     which 

»vc  arc  now  walking  ;  tor  wc  arc  only  two  hiiiiilrcil  (cot 


VESTiaaU    WITHIH    nu    iiJlUtN    bAIi. 
v.  ." 


VAULTS   BENCATH    SOLOMCN'S  TCKPIE. 


QBE. 


I 


I, 


!     I 


«.  -r 


l\ 


I ; 


I 


-.-(#" 


.^ 


%>>' 


:4- 


»■*•'»'■"#»<?■' 


!■  I 


KIVK,    liAVS   AT  JKliUSAI.KM. 


45 


r.ASTLE    DF   !>inr< 

from  a  Hiniil.u'  ciivoriiniis  oxoaviition,  iln'  ri'pnti'l 
( ii'iittii  III-  ( 'iivi'  of  Ji  I'ciiiiali.  on  till'  <>|>|„.-iii<  ml  I  I 
/nliarii.  iii'iir  to  a  'I'lirkiOi  Imiial  ^'loiiiiil  o|  .siicli  I  ..<! 
ri'|iiiti',  till-  till'  liviii;;  at  lra>t,  that  iio  oni'  uill  viiiIiim' 
mar  it  alter  stiii-rt.  Tins  i-aM'  i  ilic|i|y  siiii|<  iii  a 
l>iii\vii  ilil^i'  of  rork,  liy  till'  way  ^iil'  ..hkI  is  a  |>iiir<iiiiii| 
ami  j;li"iiiiy  ravcrii,  iilioni  lifiy  yai-U  ili'i'ji,  mi|.|ii.|'|i  i| 
li\  two  t'lim  iii'His  natural  [nil. us  ol  roi  k  'I'liiri'  is  a 
(•(Hirt  or  i,|.iii  |iasHat.'c  ill  tiniit  (it"  it.  itml  u  \\:ill  »j||| 
si'M'iai  lioiisi's,  for  till'  I'liri'lias  liiin  u-'iil  as  a  i|iiat'aii' 
liiir  station,  a  iIiIa  isli  (a  miv  ri\  il  |ni>i.Mai,'i')  ai  I  iiil;  as 
its  ^'liai'il  ami  sliowhiali  'I  Id  re  is  a  liiiiiiat  ill  r  lako 
of  vii^t  cisti'iii,  ;.'iiii'ially  on  tin'  iI.m.i'.  ami  iin<li  r- 
ncatli,  till'  watrr  of  wlii.li  is  lni^'lit  iiihI  pnri\  'Clio 
ravr  is  ili\iilri|  into  |pail  itioii-,  m>ls  of  (|«illiiij;  tor 
tlir  sick  or  sils|H'ctii|,  ami  is  oliniwi-'.  witli  plastiT 
ami  u  liiti'wasli.  inaili'  to  look  cliaii.  tl.ly.  ami  ai  liiallv 
coliifoiialilr.  Kor  its  licin;;  .Itiinii  iir>  |'<i<>l  nr  (  asc 
llirir  is.  of  coiirsc,  iio  Milliciciil  ailtliorilv.  TIh^  |,|,i,c 
ulii'ii'  till'  |ii'o|ilii'l  was  ronliiH'il.  ami  lli>'|>il  ulicir  lie 
Kink  in  till' iiiirc.  « lie  ill  tile  Kiiij,'sroiiii  (.li-r.  .\\\\  ii.l'l  .1 
Tills  laMili.  tli'iii^li  ofi,'iiai  si/.c.  lias  a  liliiitril  iis|ii'<  1 
in  ioni|>arisoii  uitli  tin-  iinkiiown  va^iiirss  of  tin' 
i|iiarriis  oil  tlic  oilii-r  si.lc.  in  wliirli  ilic  »  Iim|i- ( 'it  \ , 
tiir  aiii,'lit  «<■  know,  niiiilit  In'  -.lowicl  a«ay.  linn 
laii;.'!'  is  as  iiiiiiiriisi  as  tlial  of  lln-  1  .ilar.iiulis  of  I'ari^, 
liiit  tiny   liaM'  Ik  I'll  iiiii'.\|i|oi'i'i|  for  a  :•  ^  past. 

A     litllo    to    tlif    loll     -as   Wf   .>taml    witi .'    fares 

lowanls  till'  City  wall  -a  wlioli'  niili'  of  to\M'r>  ami 
liattlrliii'iits  at  one  vii'W,  ill  a  luii^lil  siiiilii.'lit  olil 
ami  M'llouikli  ill  lini.  ami  ('iiiinlilin;;  minntily,  vit 
lai'iji'  ami  liias.sivr  in  lliiir  wliolo  a-poi  1  is  •■  lli mil's 
( laic,"  now  rloscil  up.  1 1  is  aKn  cilli  i|  "  I  In-  (oiliof 
Klown-s,'  ami  Ik  till'  Halo  wlii'ii  till'  Knipii--  lli  li  na,  tin- 
niiitlii'r  of  oil  I  roll  n  try  1 11a  II  loi  <  •hi'-ihiI  im-  tlio  I  liial. 
ami  till'  lifst  ('lin.-liaii  Kiiipiinr.  w.i~  an  Kii^li^li 
man.  ami  Imhii  at  Noik — ciilrrril  in  pcii.imi'.  as  a 
liiiliililr  siipplialil,  ill  all  111  r  |H>\\i  r.  fo:  tioil's  miii  \  ami 
forL'iM'nrss  of  liiT  sins.  \\r  an  iinw  at  alioiii  tin- 
lii^^lH"-!  pall  of  till'  wall,  ami  llii>  ^ilr  to\M  rs  liii,'li  on 
llii'  liill  wliicli  lii'lii'i'  lir;,.'iiis  loiltMiinl  to  I  li<  ( iali- of 
I  •aiiia-cils.  All  aloni;  lure  llic  o|i\i'  Ini's  j^iow  1  lo-t' 
Up  III  iho  wall,  ami  il  is  a  pri'tty  .sight  lo  si-r  tin'  iIuM'M 
uml  iitlii'i-   liii'ils   tlyiiig    liai-kwuiiU  ami  fi>rwaril>  liuiii 


r    ..A' 

JAFM    GATE,    JIMUSALEM. 

till'  Hits  til  till'  oil)  wall   ami  from   11 M  wall  to  tlie 

nil's  'lln-  .lows  of  olil,  il  'Aill  111'  I'l  im  nili'iiil.  wi  10 
yiial  pigi  on  fincicrs,  ami  tin'  ilovi' Imiisi's  ami  piuioli 
lowirsof  oil)  .li'nisali'in  wrio  ipiiti'  an  iiislitnlioii  I  liis 
llalna.srllS  gali'.  "  I  lir  lowi'l'  lliat  lookilll  ovil  loWalils 
I  lamaM  lis."  is,  a.s  il   now  slamU.  I'Mrrnilly,  a  rli.'il  liiilifj 

111 mini  of  Arali   ta-li.  Il.iiil.i'l    l'\   iwo  li.wns  ami 

crow  mil  Willi  iiial  i'-i|iic  Liiillcniciils  ol  sloiic  in  iIih 
form  of  tiirl.iiiis  («..  pa^jc  l.'li  It  is  iimlciiial.ly  llie 
tiiii'sl  of  all  lln  uaiis  ol  .li  I  n.s.ilini,  ami  in  lis  ■.•alcway 
wc  notice  wli,;l  is  I'l  maik.ili'r  as  a  lilsl  example  of 
till'    pointeil   lircll.   wlii.ll    ilie     rillsailers    are    conslileleil 

II.  liave  lairieil  liai'k  Willi    lliin    into  Kiliope.      Iiitlit' 

I ■    i.f    tlie    lowers    of   tie-    •.;.le     ma\     l.e    seen    Kreiil 

si. .IMS    l.cM'lleil   roiiiiil  llic  lilies,   similar  to  llmse   in 

wi,.il    11  mams  of  till'  wall  ol    ."-"I is  'relliple.      'I'liis 

t'lte  is  -:iii|  lo  l.e  iili  i.tical  w  il  11  llii'"«llil  (iale"of 
Ne'ieliiiali.  wliicli  •  Jilii.iailil  llie  soli  of  I'aseali.  niltl 
.Mcsliiillani  till'  .son  of  llcso.il  iaii  II  pa  ire.  I  ;  lliey  laid 
the   l.eanis    linn  of.  ami    the     l.ais    llel.of.    ailil    set    lip 

the    il s     ihcn'of"     (Nelnniiall.    iii..     ''<).       'I'he    Vfl'V 

aiicielil.  Ill.lssiM'.  :iml  I  lialaclelistic  .li'wi-ll  Icmilill.S 
which  w.  see  in  ihe  I".,  limit  iliaiiil.eis  on  ea.  Ii  siile 
imticale    this     ns    11    porli.ill    of    the    "  Secoml    Wall." 


TOMB    OF    KINBS. 


4« 


AU  ROOND  TIIK   WORLD. 


Tlii'NP   I'lmiiilii  r.s,  anil  tin-  |iillars  in   llin  viitilt  i>f  Sciln  iiitu  a  kin  i  nf  anir  i.-,iii,  almiit  l'(l  (rrt  sijimri',  a  placx 

iiiciii'm    'I'l'iniilr    (*'«    |iiiyi'n     IS,   ,'»|  ),     iiic    aliiHwt    tlir  l"i' tin- iii"iiriii'i-»,  wliil.- ilir  ImmIv  wamairiiil  mi  In  iu  hint 

")iily   ri'liis    wiiicli    iIh'   liattcriiii;    ram,   lln'    ccnToiliiii;     r ptai  li-     Tlii^ 'iix  ii~  iiitoaiiolln  r  i'ihhh,  tliirtii'ii  li'ct 

tiicith  of  'riiiii',  ami  till' vri>;;i'aiii I'   liml,  lia\i'   lill  Miimii-.  in  M  liicli  arc  a  il'i/.i-ii  lalai  iimiIm  I'm    mtliii^  anil 

lis.       Till'    wiiiiliiiu'     Hijiiari' -  >lia|iril    titain  m.hi'     within  a  pa.s^  ij,'!' tn  al|i>tliria|iaiiiiniit  I  It  lii  i  .iiiiiiri'.    'riii'^oiitli 

till'    rliaililii'I'H      iat'lv     ili-'CiiVrl'i'il      in     Imtli      tnWi'l'N     is  siilr  iit'llicalili'l'iMiin  lia~  a  il<>"l' ii'.iililii.' Ilitu  nl  lni' iniiniM, 

till'    kiiiil    111'   asiiiit    liy    wliirli   "tliry    wnit    up    with  in  in.iny   nfwlinh   aii-   itln-.-    ntiirli    >:iirii|ilMi;i.    turn 

wiinliii^  xlaii'H    into   till'   tiiiililli'    chanilii'i-,"   (I     Kiiiu'".  tr 'in  thiir   plairi*  aii<l   thi'uwii  ii|i)iii  llii'  ^'iniiinl       <  liii< 

\[.  K).      <  till'   III'  till'  stiiiii">   l\iin;   llii'ii'  is  M'Mii  ainl  a-  ut   iIh'm'  has  liifii  iirc^crNiil  riitiri'   iiIhI   niiiiril   In   the 

hall  li'i't  liiiiu'.  Kv  llil'i'i' aiiil  alialt  li'i'l  lii:;li,  ainl  aiiuthrr  .Milikiiiii  h,  <>r  ('niini'il    llmi^i',    in   .liriisalriii,    jiisl    hv 

kIx  anil  a  hall'  t'ri'l    Imii;,    l>v    tin'   sinii'   liri<.,'lit.      TIii'm'  tin'  liraiilil'iil  linintain  wi-  h.i\r  illiislrati'il  (in    |iap'   S) 

a|iailiiii'nl^   arr    luiiji'iliiriil,   liy    lln'   Icariiril    in   Mioli  llrii'    il    >ii|i|i|i>'s    tin-     l>ivaii    iit'    .li  iii^iili  ni    KHimliH 

ni.ittirs,  til  liavi'  Intn   yiianl    niuliis    nlllir    nM    ;;ati's  ;  with     waliTl      'I'lii'  riUill  iv  ann     iifllii'    iIiiuIh   i>|'  nIiiIh', 

liiiill  ii|>iiti  ainl  I'liiiiiij    \iy    Ni'lniiiiali.  tlnii    liy    llirnil,  »liirli.    littcil    in     with    iimrtiri'   anil    li'iinii    hiti^'i's     is 

mill   aftiTwanls   liv    tin'    Sarai'ciis.       Tliry   am  vaiilli'il,  imtiicalili'.  anil  >liiiiilil  Ih'   m-iii    hy   luiiiic   nt'  >>iir   Nlniir 

iiinl    thi'ir    in  iKsivi'iii'ss    is    vrry    iiii|ii'r.s>ivi',       Jlrfuri'  nia-'iin-<,  as  a  ii<-i>\   hint   lur  a  liir  |>riiiir  t  hiM't  ;  kh  alsn 

|ia.s>in:{  nil    wi'   sti'|i    within    iIu'm'  i;iIi's  inln  t|ii<  (.'ity,  ix  ii   rniiinl   ilihk,    shajHil    likr    a    inill  slniii',    ciiriiiiisly 

( iiriiiiis   to  si'i'    til nilitimi    nt'    tlu'   virinily.       The  I'niili  ixnl  tn  rlnsi- a  t<iiiili,  in>l  linn  In'  itsi'lt' ciiiiri'iiliil 

sti'i'i'ts  aliniit  liri'i-  all"    liltliv,    anil   alnin--t    in    snlitinh'.  hy  a  |Minl   nf  ualiT      An    in>|«rtinii   <•(  tlnsc  ciinniiii; 

iiM'i'shailnwi'il  »  itii  ilarkiir>s  I'i'niii  till' Miiiiii'i'niis  \aiilti'i|  riiiilrivaiii'i'S.   t'nr   an    a|i|iaiinily   iiniiri  rssary   sniirily, 

aiclns  tt  liirh  rin  IT  tlnlii.       K\  iry  w  lii'l'i'  I  hi'li'  arr  Illills  a»>i>ls    lis    in    iiinlrrslainliir,'    tin'    i|iii'stiii||    ill     lilatiiiii 

mill  rai;s.      As  t'nr  inli.iliitalils,  ymi  sir  tlniii  si'lilmu,  ami     tnti nliaiiri'   nt'  tin-    llnly    Sr|inlrliri-      ••  NS'hn    .-.hall 

«iirii  sii'ii  ihi'y  a|i|M'ai' In    lie    I'lili'li    il|i    with    iilliin— .  Inll  ii>  away  tin'  ^•.niii'  linin  tin' ilnnr  nt' tin'  si  |.iiii  hri'  (" 

anil  wi'i'trliiiliirss        Till'    jussi'i's    liy  I'l'i  r|i    rlnsi'  tn  t  In'  Ot' H  hat   kiiiii-  tin'  pM-ky  rXra  vat  inn- in  w  liirli  w  r  vimiil 

hniiM's,  ainllnnk  as  it' tlii'V  liaM'  III)  |iiir|insi',  niily  Walk  an-    tin'     tmnli^,     i^   an     iiiimIIIi'iI     i|iii'~liii|i.         Nnl    sn 

irii,'  t'nr  llir  sakr    nt'   walkiiii;:    tin'    sliiii<krr|irrs    ii|i|ii'ar  nt'lliat   tnliili  nii  I  In-  nllnr  siilc  nt' tin'  \  alliy  nt   Ki  ilrmi. 

In  111'   aiwaNs    wailing    l'"r   riistnin    llnit    ni'vi'i'   innn's,  hIiiiIi    swiips   all     rmiml     Inn',    ami    inln    whirli    wn 

ami  i'\  I'l'vu  lii'i'i'    tlni'i'isa    lai'k    nf  I  ili',    intrnsl.  ami  ilrsrrml  ami  >.'n  nvir  il  in  n-ai  h  lln'  t<  inli-    jii'-l  in  linn' 

ai'tivity       Till' rni'ky  nininnl  ii|i|insiti' this  u':i'''i  within,  tn  sir  a  llmk   nf  >ln'i'|i.  wlm    Ikim'    I.mii    tnlili  .1   ihi'lr, 

lia.s    i'\iili'iill\     lii'i'ii    till'    liiiimlilinn    nl     sniiiK     ;;i'ral  innn'  slri'.iiiin^  tnrili  inln  tlii- ni'in  Millry.     This  is  ihr 


liiiililiii".  I'nr  il   is  I'xravili'l    in    iiiaiiv 


lihlri'S,     h 


lit     lint       Inliili  nf  .^ilnnll    tin-   •lll~t.  a  ill 


«i-h  Saint,  it'  WI'  iiiav  iim' 


intn  tniiilis.      Tlnii'  was  a  St     Sti'|ilii'ii'~  I 'liiinli    alnn^     ihi'tt'iiii.  wlnis|H'iit    Ins  ^rrat    wraith    in    |irn\iiliiit;  a 
lirrr  iiiiir.  ami  this  niiv  lir  tin'   s|i  .1.       \Vr  ■.■Inliy  i|iii(      I'rast  tor  tin-    |M»ir  yi'irly,    ainl  liaxiii;;    Imtii    allowril   a 


III.'. I 


till'    wal 


I'rarv  .srrni'.  am 


I     hlstrll     In     till'    I 


111'    air    "Itllnllt 


rrat  a;"!'  as   a 


rrwaiil  tnr  his  rharitv, 


itllii'ti 


Is.  Aliniit  halt"  a  mill'  rii,'lil  mil  nl'  lln-  at  tlir  surrows  hr  ■<iw  cniiiini;  on  his  natinii  I'mni  llirir 
all',  a  lilllr  In  llir  riiflil,  at'trr  |ii~  ini.'  i  liii|i'ii  lull  nf  nli^tinary  in  rrsi^iini.'  Tiliis,  as  in  liml  ihr  linrthrii  nt' 
slii's  ami  sna|iiiiakir'>  wasir,   we   |iis^  alniii,'    llir  li'MJ      litr    tnohravy,  .iml    sn    |i"ay    to     hr    n  Itasi  il    t'rnni    il. 


"iirtlicr  nl'a  rrililisli  rn.k.  with  .i  ti'W  nlivi'  li s,  hanlly      His  |ira\rr 


w.is  ''rail 


iil''ll    to   r;ill   a    'Ml 


till,  ami    his  tmnli  |a'n\iili'il  iimirr 


'  iwiiiL'    iipiiii    il.     iml    thru     this  lililr    hill.      I'miI    his    wcilih    haxim'  hrni    Imriril 


niiii'  ii|iiin  an  i'\ri\alinii  in   ihr  miiMIr  nl  a  li. M,  likr     uilli  him,  ^iiimn  tin-   •lii-t    IrrU   rmisi  ii  ntiniis  .m  rnplr.s 
nri,'liil(ic|  i|iiarry.       Iiili'niil    is  a   M|iiari'   i-oiirl    lirw  ii      rr^jHilin^  ihr  I'rast   hr    hail    aiiniiall\    |.in|iiisri|    to   lln- 
III  nC  ihr  Inik    ami   n|irn    In   llir. lir,  Just   likr   ,1   i|i'r|i      |inni-. — ,t  ]irniiil-r    ('inln    wliiili.  ashi'    ilialli 


wiis  hv   Ills 


trrlir 


It 


IS  rnlrrni  liy  an  arrliw.iy.       I  Ins  rniiil  is     nwn  wi^li.  Ins  Mrii|iiilnii- jiistirr  ilnis  mil  rniisiilrr  liini 


ilirty  frrt    .si|iian'.       Thr   airli    is    in    ill nlirnrihr      to  hr  i|iMhari.'r'l.         K\<r\    \«ar.   thilrlnri.    hr  rniiirs    to 


"ill.    ami    to   llir   Irt't,  as   wr   riil.r. 


iiin'thiiii;     iil'r,    at    tin-    t'ra.Ht     of    I'liriiii,    ami   |ilarrs    a    pii  rr    nl 


iisriiililiny  a  lari,'r  |iorlii'ci,   ninr  yanls  Imii,',  siiji|inrlri|  niniiry  oiitsiilr  lo|irn\iih'  Inoil   I'nr  thr  | r.       A  ;,'r,'.'il 

r\  nlriilly,  at  onrtiiiir.  nil  I'A'ii  inllars.  "hii'li  niisrliirvniis  |iili,'riliia^c   is  Inlil  to  his  |nnil>  hv  thr.lrws.      'I'll  liiakr 

I |ilr  nf  various  a^'rs.  liyr  i;iim' siiii|i|itcins,  and  iirofaiir  a  |irnlil  out    of  this    vrtirnilinii.  iis   wril   as   In  krrji  in 

Inn's  iinw    '_'iii\\n   i^rry  nr  •;oiii'   In   llirir  .'n'rniinl,  h.ivi-  thr  shrrp.  thr  Turks    havr  |iiit  ii|i  all  iron  ilimr  to   thr 

klioi'kril  aw.'iy,  iinr  aflrr  llir  nl  lirl'.      Tlir  .'irrhilr  ivi.'  Ii^ls  Imiili.  ami  a|>|«>intri|  a  ■.'iial'iliaii.  wlm.  I>rili<{  a  slii'|ihrii| 

fruit  ami  Ijnwrrs  .srul|itiirri|   ii|inii  il,  hiil  tlii'si- also  arr  nflhr    ihail    llnirs    tn    thr    lirst   of  his   r.ijialiilily   ihr 

(inrrlv  ilrlil I  —  ilshainrliil  nnl  ra  ire,  nf  «  liicli  I  hr   .\  la  lis  li\  iir' 


liiilst   lint  or   ari'llsril,    a.s    muir 


l.ilt 


.1    K 


lllnli.ails, 


W 


r      Imw     rr  irii~s    lllr 


Irmi    \alliv.    am 


iniiiii; 


(ill- thr  ninst  part — wr  arr  snirv   ti  lia\i'  to  say  il,  for     to  ii  jiinrtinn  of  two  I'nails,   lakr   thr  mir   that  hails  iis 
linth     niir    sakrs — Annriians     ani     Kni.'lisli.    vinlatr     In     tlir   mutli  wrst    an:.'lr   of   thr    w.ill,    thr    ln«rrs    iif 


111'   ll.lllltallnlis    I 


•ft  I 


h't 


us    rlilri 


In-    llitiTlor 


\Vr    ; 

i.f     wh 


hail.      Oiir  Inri  Ins  arr  li;,'lilri|.      whi.  h.    ri-iiii;   pmniiiirinlv    lirfmr  us.  arr   ruiliiilly   of 
rill    to    hr   i_'oiiii»    into    a    rmk.     inniliiii  iniistriiiiinii       Thr  ^rniiml  ri~rs  tmni  thr  Iml 


irll     lirwn     out,     ai 


low  hv    thr    l»i 


illiilsriis  {pile    11 


•  w    rill;,'!'.   Ju>l    ovri' 


the    tiii'i-    of    wliii  h    has    1 II    ,  lit     into    .'iri'iiilntiiial      whirh  Ijrs,  in  thr  ilrr|N'r  hollow,  thr    N'allry  of  (lilioii, 

lr.sii»n.s.       Such    is   pally    ihr    f  n  t  ;     Iml    ihr    1,'rapi's,     iimirr  thr  wrslrrn  w.ill.  slnpiiii;  ilou  ii  tnwarils  llililioin, 


At    II 


lis   rnrnrr,    mar   us,    is   ii 


garlamls,  ami  ti'slnons.  ihr  ( 'nrinlhian  rapil.ils,  ami  thr     uinlrr   tin-  smitl 

pillars,  havr  all  1 ii  rillhlrssly  hmkrii  ami  rliippril.i«ay.      Trirliiiith  Irrr.  rnii^pi..i|iil|s  as  rising  at  thr  liij,'hrst  |k 


W'hrii  wlmlr  thrV  nillsl 


lavr  risriiililnl  a  M'lv  larLfr  ai 


very  hamlsonir   iiiarlilr  rhimnry  pinr,  li whiih   thr     lir^-in   to 

Kt'atr  has  lin 


■il.       Throni'h  a    Imv   i|i 


ir  111   .  ill'     I 


Millth   Wr-t  Ill 


i|      linn  ,,\'   thr  lily        HtTraliniil.    thr    \  ilir   ninl    llir    o|iv<> 

ahuinlanl.    ami    lia>r   hrrii    liiailr — 

.irn—  to  lakr  runt   in    tlio 


if  lal. 


r  Vrars    nlllv,     as    Wr    It 


irr.  wiailvalirr — ramlirs  m  liaml.aii'l  not      -ranly.  Iiiit  prnlitir  sml        .Irriisalrin    (f'""^*''  ^ooil  winr, 
ilmiil    ilii  h.l.inl  .\iMli-,  Inr  this  is  lint  .1  ph  asaiil  |ila.  1      ami  thr  ( Jinks  h.n  ■•  pl.intiil    ii    prrlly   rvlnisivrly  ill 
wltich    In  liml  niicsrlf  uloiir  in   the  ihirk  —  opi  niiij,'     tin.-    m-w   piiri'li:i.srs  of   laml    ihoj  Imvr   niailti.      Kvury 


FTVR   DATS  AT  JKRIIflAT.FNf 


47 


Ills 

liilii 

IS    to 

nt 

■Ml 

imI<i' 

pin 

ill.' 

.Ii.'iil 

III.' 


IK'II. 
Ili'lll. 
i-  .'l 
|MI|-- 

iiljvr 
i|.'  — 
tho 
I'iiir, 
V  in 

.'!•> 


whfTi'  timt  wiitrr  i*  fiilli'cfi'd  iiml  iliHtrilnitccI,  ilic 
Uriilrriil  IiiimI.  ii'l  liiii' 11"  it  l«"ik«,  irtnin^  iihi-l  iiliiinihiiil 
I'l'iiiis.  Till'  lii'jil-  "I  I'li'li'V  ill  tliix  Mi'iiiity  mliniil  n 
i|ii;it'li'i' III'  '1  mill'  rii.iii  ilii'  ^v.lll>•l.  III')'  hill  III  ilii'  I'll', 
mill  llii'Uiain  "I'  tin'  liiii'«t  It  i"  iinw  Jii»t  r>iiily  HI  i» 
A|iiili,  till-  till-  sii'kl''  'I'lii'v  -.iv  iliis  iirw  »|iiiil  ,<( 
I'tiliiv  itioii  i>  line  III  ItiiK'iiin  ui.l'l  I'lii  iiHiiii'V  is  III  III! 
liiilliiii,  mill  itt  iiiolilMlili-  riii|'lii\  III!  Ill  ;in  iiiiImthiiI 
^iHiil  Wi'  ••liiMilil  liinr  tliiiiii;lil  --'.iMi  I'lii'^ili-li  iiiuni'V 
nii','li'  liiiM'  liri'ii  iiih;iiil.ii;i''iii«lv  i'in|Fli'M'i|  Ih'Ii-. 

Jl.iW     is     it     lll.ll      |il'l«iins     hIiii    mi'    nlillniil     in     irinr 

Km;!  iiiil  in  ».iii'li  ul.i  inililiT  rliiimli',  ur  ntlit'i's  wlm 
iiirlii'  lii  in  j  il'i' "III.  il  I  ii'il  ili.iiiM'  ilii'iiH^I  iiili'ii'^lin;^ 
I'liiiiiliA  ill  llii'  w.irlil  I'nr  lliiir  ii'-iilinn' !  Why  slimilil 
iml  Ml  ini;ili'i  '.'Viiii'ii  III  li'  i-l,  '|iiii'liiiii'  M'miiiii.iiiii  jiilili' 
si'i'Mi's,  mill  in  iii'i|iiii  in;.'  Ililiii-  l.iiii.'iiiii;is  liiliiri'  inlrr- 
inu  ii|i  'II  llii'ii'  iirliM'  ilmii's.  Sisiv  |>iiiiniU  |ii'r  iinnum 
wiiiilil  III'  ijiiili'  I'limU'li  I'm'  III!  I'XiH'iiMi  III  liiiMi'il  mill 
jiiil^'iii!,'  nil  liiiliiii{  till'  ki'i'|)ini{  II  Imi'sr)  I'm'  ii  siniilf 
iK'l'siiii  .inlsivty  |i  iiiiiils  nimi' »iiiili|  niMr  llir  i'X{ii'|im' 
III' a  jiiiiinry  ilii-ri' uml  luii-k.  Tin'  ini^'lily  liili-  wliiili 
iliii'iii'.'  llii'i'''  ii'iiliirii's  ini|i'llril  liill'  till'  niiiiiiii^  nl 
Kiit'ii|ii'  tiiwiirl-  till'  I'lii-ky  -lirni'^  nj'  ruli'-iini'  liii>  n  "I 
vi'l  siilisi. It'll  ll  .s  li-iiiii  iriiiin.  Tiiui'lli'is  lii.iii  i\,\\ 
iiiiliiiii.  mil  lii.iMMI  iiil'^^riiiis  t'l'iiin  ihr  Kusl,  M-ii  iIh' 
slitiiH's  III  liiilili'lii'iii  II  I  I  I'lUmy;  Miisli'ins  ||..ni 
Aniliiii,  Tiii'lmy  .iinl  In  Ii  i.  mil  rimii  ilic  iiiiiiii>i  >liiii'i'.i 
nl' All  irii,  "iinii'  III  «iii'.lii|i  ll  111-  (-11  I'llii'.li  'I'miili  nl' 
Miisi'^.  '{'Ill'  .l.'\vi-.li  |ii' .|i|i'  l;ii  In  pr.iy  nxi'i-  iIm'  iiimi- 
iil'llii'ii'i'its  mi' I  'I'l'iiiiili'i  ll  ll  llii'liiiii'  III  llii'ii'ili'liv  I  I'm II  I' 
liiay  111'  liii'li'iii' I.  Ill"  i|i'i'|i  li'ii;{iiii|H  inli'ii'-l  ulii.  Ii 
has    liir    Iwn    llinii^mnl    yi'ni's    ln'rii    i_';ijnin,'    -I  i'i'iii,'lli 

miiniiL.'  'Ill'  mil  ii HIS  111'  llir  i-ai'lli  i-  li iiiiir_'  innii'  inli'ii^i', 

ami  lii'.'li  alnl  Mii;.'lily  |i  iliiil  ili'S,  -linly  willi  aliMniis 
I'ai'r  |inlilic'~,  wli.isi'  iiiii'i'i'-<l  ri'iill'i"*  in  .li'iiisili  in. 
Iji'l'i'  liii«i-M'i'.  wlii'ii'.  alMiM'  all  |ilaii'-  I'liri-liniilv 
HJlnlllil     Iw    llin-l     I 'llllnlii'.     ll      I-     lim-l      -i-ilmi.lll  i'llll 

lliil  i|i-.|iii^i'^  aii'l  all  ai'i'  nmkiii'.'.  aiil  ran  mil\  lir 
ttiirkini.'  In  liis  Klnriniis  aiii|  linal  |iiir|i  •  i' 

\Vi'  niiu  a|i|iriiai'li  tlir  .lalla  ill'  I'hI  lili'liini  (iilr,  ami 
fall  iiiln  till'  lull  lliil  laki'^  u-  111  rii\-  iIh'  \'al|i  v  nt' 
lii'|iliiiiii  -mIi'i'Ii  I'liiis  ilnwii  mi  llii'  i'i:;lit,  just  ijni 
(ii'i'i'k  riiliM'iil  nt  St.  (ifiii'',»i',  til  till'  \'alli'\  ll!'  lliniiniii 
— |iriiriM'iliii;;  nil  mir  way  I"  iIh'  'I'mnli--  nl' di,'  .Iml^is. 
Iiy   a   I'liail    'yiir,'   lii'lwi'i'ii    lli  il    In   .l.iH'a   ami    lint    to 

iii'lllii'lli'lll.    Ii'illl   111'    wllirll    lii'iiill,   nllt'   In   llli'    |'ii;li|     ami 

ll llii'i    1.1  till-    li'tl    I'l-nin    llii-  liali' ;    Iniici'  i  alli'il.  at 

ii|iliiiii,  till'  . I  lliil  .'I'  till'  Iti'l  lili'lii'iii  liaii'.  ami.  iiiii\i'i' 
Miily.  till- Hall'  nl'  tin-  I'lliiiinix  I  In  mii'  Irll  lii's  tin. 
I'|i|ii'i'  I'.M.l  nf  (iilii.n.  111-  l!i,l.,t  M„i„ill,il,  till'  I'lHil 
111' .Si'i'|ii'iils  -al  aliiiiit  mil'  liiiiiilrnl  iinl  lil'iv  i.iiN  iVoni 
thd  ( 'ily  'lali'.  mar  llir  IhihI  iiI'iIm.  sli.illnvv  xalli'v 
This  isiiliiiiit  iliii'i' liiiii.|i'ii|  I'ri'i  lull:,'  t w.i  hiimli'i'il  wiih', 
mill  Iwi'iity  i|i'r|i.  Thi't'i"  i>  ^nan'  iim  -  mi  waliT  in  ii, 
IIM  it  is   iinw   >ii|i|ili|ii|   iinly  li\    i  nu  u  ili  r  ilraiiiril  ri'niii 

thu  siirrniinliii','   li.i-.in,   its   I'lir v   li'iih-t'    l,v  a  walir 

riiiii'sf  I'fiiin  l''.lhiiii  liax  in;{  ln'cn  liinki'ii.  In  llir  scimhi 
ill' wililcr.  mill  jii'.l  iinW,  Imy^  ami  iiiiii  liallii'  in  it 
We  h'lM'  nil  iHir  ll  ll  ^.iini.  M.i-.|i'in  tniiilis.  I  In'  iiiiii'iii 
lii'l'i'il  i.M'iM'-  111    Silailin'--  «.irii..i's    ainI  liiiiiiiii;  In  tin' 

riijlit,    ll    al I    I   mill'-   ilis  ami'    linin    lln-cilv,    li  nli 

tint  "Tmiili-  111'  I'll'  .liii|','i-s.  "  .Mii'iyis  m-  l'i'i.|iliit-. 
TIli'S.'  an-  111  I  hi'  sami'  rhal'.iilir  .i-  tin-  "  Tnlnlis  nl'  tlir 
Kili;.'s,"  allhiiiiKli  nriiaiiU'iili'il  in  a  ililli'ii'iil  |ialli'i'ii. 
Tlli'y  rniisliliiti' u  I'ataciiinli  nl'-iMy  Imnlis,  hi'un  in 
tln!  soliil  rock  111'  liiiir-lmii'.  Tlir  |iriliniriii  i>  m  nip 
tiirml  ill  thf  '  Iri'i-imi  sty  h'.  ami  I  In-  main  rnmii  i-  I\m  niv 
t'i'ct  .si|Uar<>  liy     i;;lil  in  \v  i^'lii       Tlii-  i-  I'Xrii  imni'   n- 


iiiarkal'li'  tliiiii  Ihi'   Tninlis  nf  ihf  Kilitfs,  uml  is  -iiiil  tn 

IliUl'    lii'l.'ll   llnlln^M'll    nllt    fill'   till-    Use    nl    I  III-  S.uiln'ill'illl. 

I  r  .li'widli  I 'miiii'il,  iiiiiiilii'iin^f  Hi'Vfiily  Iwn  ini'inlirr*. 
Ili'lii'i'  we  I'i'lili  II  liiii'k  III  llir  lii'iiil  111  till'  Valliy  nf 
l<i'|i|iailll  nl'  lilhnll.  mill.  Ih-IIiIiIIK  tnU.ilils  till'  I'iuht,  It.H 
»(•  liirc  ihi'  ilallil  (iaii'  i;ii  ilnWII  il-  Kln|iiii'.'  ilirli\ity 
ilmiii  liy  lliii  wi'sti'l'ii  wall.  W >•  iniiii'  iilmiK  liy  tin' 
lirllili  111  III    I'niiil    li'iilii    ihi'liati'   iliiuii   ilitn  till'   Valli'V 

iifliil ami   ari'iisH    ii|ii'ii    liilils    nf  I'nrii    lliiit    tliinly 

I'livi'i'    tl imiv,  ilry  snil.       A    fi'w    sliiii.'L'lintf  nlius, 

silver  lii)i(.i  1 1,  all'  sriitti'l'i'il  nil  I  hi' lliil.  AlmM'  all  llnwiiH 
ihi'l'iiy  Wall,  mill  till'  hilt'i' Tiiwi'ls  nf  tlif  ( 'ilaili'l, 
'I'hi-    i|m|i   lA.aMili if    L'IMI    fi'i't     l>v    llim    IM    'Till' 

l.littll'    I'linl     111     <iilllin,'°—   ihl-    "(llI'llI     rmil'     that    nlli'C 

lii'lil  liiiir  mil-  nf  wiili'l'— till'  I'liiil  Siiliiiiimi  wiis  .sn 
|il'iiiiil  i.f  I  l''.rili'ia.-lirii-,  .\l\iii.  ITl.alnlat  wliiili  Iii'W.ih 
mininli'l  Kinu  nf  I-l.ii-l;  Inini'  il  is  rvni  imw  ralliil 
"liiihil  mil  .>i(/^i/(, '  nr  tin-  •  Knit's  rnnl,'  ll  liasinlMI 
fninii'il  liy  liiiililiim  iwii  walls  arln—  llir  \.illi'y  (llir 
liiwrr  Miy  inassiM',  tin'  ii|i|i<r  tallirr  sliyhl  )  iniiiiirl 
lli;i  llii'ln  liy  slilr  walls,  -i  al  |iiliK  tin-  "lii'Ullni  i'iIki's  nf 
ii.i'ks  nil  Its  hjili's.  mill  |ilaslrriiiy  tlif  whiilf  nver   willi 

ualir  ri'iiii'iit.      Tlir  I'l  nl  is  imw  nil -  rnnl  ilry  ;  ilii' 

liiillmil    is   li-nl    a-    a    tlilasliiliL;    ^^rmiml.       I'l' lliis, 

li'iikilii!  n|iwa|i|'-,  nil  till'  Irl'l,  111  till'  |ii«i'-l  |iarl   nf  /lull, 

\\i'    .-I'l'.    I'llll ll     with    a     wall,     IIm'     l.nulish     liiinal 

;,'iMiiiiil  :  a  liillr  lii'liiA  runs  an  ai|iii'iliirt  mi  mm'  siiuill 
ail  III -.  »liirli  iniiviys  till'  walir  finiii  llcxekiali'ii 
I'niil  ihl.i  ihi'   City.      I'ViHii     llli-    |iiiiiil    wi'    1  iiirr    llir 

\alliy    111      Till     liiiili Ihl'  "  \  alh  y    nl     i'llll  irk  llii.' 

(  liililii'ii'-  rryiiiir  niil  in  immiv  »'  ilnii'  iniinli  imis 
s.u  iitlii'  ill  thr  nil  Iml.  Iiiazrli  arm-  alnl  la|i  nl'  lli' 
stallll'  nf  till'  iilnl  nf  Miilni  ll.  Iliilll  whii'll  llliN  fill  llltii 
till' lila/.illX  fnilllirl'  lirliiW  ■       thr  N'ullry  iifTii|ilii  I.  nr  ihi' 

liinni.   Iicali'ii  with   liiirriiil   limiil.s,  miil  mi (laiinil 

with  slimils  111  |ii'i'vnit  tlmsi'  rhihlish  rriisnl  snlU'riiiy 
fi'iiin  lit'inj;  lii'aiil  liy  ninllicrs,   ( »li  I  tin'  hiiirni's  iil'tln'itr 

aiiricnt  mill  tiiiiili'i'ii  lii'iillii'ii  |ii'aitiirsl     This  rrii f 

llli-  .li'Ws,  Sill  alifillly  -1  |iaialii|  liy  (iml  as  Ills  cllii-i'li 
|irii|ili',  fliiin  llii.-r  mii|  nlln  r  liiilrnils  riti's  nf  I'llKllllislli, 
—  was  |iiiiii-lii'il  afli'i'waril- ill  this  vrry    |ilarr;    fur,    in 

this    saini'     vallry,      says    .liisi'|i|iiis.    fcwrr    than 

I  l.s,,s.s||  ilrail  liiiilii's  wi'i'i'  I'anii'il  fiif  lilllial  illnlrr  ihi' 
i'h.iri;i'  111  iiiii'  nlllnr  liming  lln'  sii'.c  nl  Titiis,"  Kiiiir 
.lii-i.ili.  In    |i|i'\i'nl  -mil  .sarriliiis  111  iiliils  as   we  iiavi' 

iilimii'il.    |Ki||iiti'i|    ihi'    |il.ii'i'   liy   ihi-nwin^  tilth   ami 

iliail  nun's  liniii's  iiiln  il  I'J:  Kiiii,'s.  x.xiii  ,  I").  Kin- 
wi'ii'  ki'|il  cnnsiaiilly  liiiininL.'  in  it  in  rnii-niiif  tin' 
tilth  ihl'iiwii  hell',  ll  lii'iaiiir  at  la.-l  tin'  inililrln  nf 
I'Vi'i'lastitii;  |iiiiii-hiiiriil  aniniin 'In'  Itiililiiliii'al  writrr.s — 
<  ii'liinna  !— Tii|ihrt  ! 

MiiliH'li,  liurril  kini;.  In  Min  iinil  willi  lilmnl 
nt  liiiMuiM  "iii'ritlri'  mill  luiniils'  li'uri., 
1  li'iiiirli  f'T  llli'  ii'iiw  "I  iliiiii"'  anil  tniiii|»-is  Imiil 
I  i.i  M  ill  lilnii'.  I'llrs  iiiilii'iril,  liul  I'lismil  llirniiyli  lim 
111  llli-  i^'i-iiii  iii"l, 

III  till'  |i|.ii»aiit  Mill'  "I  lliiiiiiiiii,   rii|ilii"l  lliilipo, 
Ami  liliirii  (li'lii'iiiiii  ralli'il,  llir  l\|i<' nl' lull  1 '' 

Mll.lliN. 

It  was  hill',  thai  -tamlilii,' mi  mir  nf  t  In  riiyu'<''l  ''ni 
iii'tii'i'swhii  Imv.  ihan;.'  rii|ilii  I.  thr  l'iii|.lii  I  .Irniniali.al 
ihi' iii-|iii'aliiiii  nf  Iiml.  lliil.  Ill  ihi'  ini'si'iiri'  nf  tin-  wnr 
-lii|i|ii'i's  ami  Ihl'  I'rii'-I-,  ail.lri'ss  hini-ilf  In  JehoUkim 
ami  liisiniirliris,  ainllifliiiu'  npa  |iili  Inr.  ila-linl  il  to  I  hi' 
I'arlli.  iifti'rih'linillii'ilit;  li'iiilili' .iililk'>n''ii''-  ii|iiiii  tlioiii. 
i.li'r..  \i\  ,  \  \'2).  Ymi  will  ri'lminlii'r  Imw  Na|Kilrnii, 
iliil'iiii.'  till'  riiiili'ii'liiTs  fur  tin-  lii'iirr  nf  fanipi 
Inniin,  il.i-hril     a    |iiil'ri'laili   jar   to    atniiis   at    liisi  fri't, 


ll 


r  1: 


4S 


ALL   ROUND    lllK   WOULD. 


:,(ia  S'!?; 


A    PILLAR    IN    THE    VAULTS    OF    THE    TEMPI':    OF    SOLOMON    A"      JERUS«lLFM. 

iH  ho  tiiii    ti>   till    Aii-!iii:i    l'|.iji|iiii,'iil:iiirM,    •'In    din'  ;i-ilii-t    .l.'^iislo    |'Ul   liiiii  I"   ■liilli."      (.M:i(.  «xrii.   I  ), 

Mioiitli    Viiiir     iii.iiial'i  liy    W"illcl     li.ivr     Imi'Ii    sliiilli'ircl  :iimI  Jk^i    linr,    mi     tin'    ir  .-a  ,  :il''iit    :i    liuiitln-il    xaiila 

Ilk-    lliat    vast'."      'I'll!'    |M'ii|il.'    lull',   all. 11,1    ,1.  iiiv;il,  ni,  awn    liniii  llic    ii.iiisi'   i  |\i>l   (Mm'   l"i    r<  |ii  iitaiiii- in  tlic 

lii'vi'tiio  .^iiiii'   I'lisiniii  111'  lii'iakim;  "  j'"'   ^vhiii    ili.'v  ilisl.iii.  i".  i-i  tliai  ai.-iii'Mii   ivi'   >-tii'li  liiiij»   it*  <-iiiiiiiMi-. 

•lislitii    i-xiirtv".    (hiir   iliti'slali'Hi    nf  a;i\    iin.'.      '!'li.'\  .iijii-^.  .1  iikl\   li'W  inn:;.  «illi  iiMnki  i|  dlain  hf.s  nlui  a»  il' 

oolin' lii'liiml  II  man  ami  .si:ia>ti  llir  jar    li.   ai''iii-<.    lliii.-.  v,  i;  li  ^|  i  ■  ii  liiiii;  liii.;i  r-^       i  li  ,t  ini- mi  »  lii>li  Oil' tr.iit<tr 

iiii|in'ratiii^'.  ii|miii  liim  aii'l  liis,  a  iiM|M  li-.-)    n.iii,       S  uu  .linli.s  liiiii:,'   liiniM'lt'       'I'lirir      .  |..>f   liv   it,  is  what   In- 

will   niiiark  ti'iiiii   llii?<  in  I  iVniii   nii.nv  miIh-i'  iii-l  iiui  ^  m'IiI     liiiii.M'lt'   I'm-     tin'     I'.'lii'i  ■>  Inlii     "llu-    Ki>  l.l    nf 


|MI'|i,Hi  illy  roliiiiii;  iiinliT  NiiiM'  luiliri'lit  llii'  lluly  I.aiiil      l!l 1' 

'LSI-. HI  iiliir.'ts.   tiial    \lii'  jSilil.!    niiiiiili'lv  iiairUi-x,     il   l'i"k 


\ii, 


•  W  II    alinl  lli'l'    III 


I""'!' 
Ill  i!ii   iili'ii  1.1 


iVi  llialliT*    i«.     III'! 

iw  V  i.vrv  lUvn- 


ilii'H  II. H   iiivi'iil  ;  ami  (Iiiih  many  I'In'iini-lan.i's,  ili.iii.'li      i-  a  .lii.|i    rli  aim  I  li..u-i'.      'I'll  •    |i|..iii   |.il;,-rini-.   iimiI    to 
til  iH  iMVi-l  an.!  siii'iiiisiii:;,  ail'  111  tlinsi- i.n  t||,.  sii..!  ii.m.     In'    lniinil    tliiii',       St.    .I.f..nii'    marWril    (lit-    l<N.-.ilitj', 


li"ii  -I'll!'  Ivi'.;    I'll  lili   iii'Ni'i- I'liani;.  s  in  ll  iliit>      Aiii,a~  liini-.i  II  was  Imil 


r.lniarv  ami  fViTV  liav  rii'.iinnla s  aliil  allil-l.iii> 


'I'l 


M'  valli'V  ili'sr.  nils  r 


•i|iiilly  intii  a  rii',;i,'i 


^1  u'!' 


n.      (Ill 


I    1.1   iiv   M.Mii.'i',   ih.i!  •' liv    iinliT   uf  lh»   Kiii[in«i 


II.  1' int.  tv\'i  }iiiiitlri'.l  tii'il  irviiity  •.lii).l<<.aU  <.l'i 


.a  I II  wrrr  (rj.li*- 


till'  iil'iiT  sill-  iil'lliis  riM't  aliriljil.  liroki'ii.     UhI     Tilvmi       lit,  ,1  t.i  It.iii.-.iiii.M.iiiiil,  ilin  lin'l  imii...»a'it.i,  ».  ir  lli.  \  »( 
'lli;,  Willi  |iriii'i|illiiiis    l.anK^.  tli.'   Hill    ..I     Kvil  ('..ii!i>.  I.      »li.i.'  il  «  ii  w.ml  in  r  i.rl  lln'  I*"'...  .  i.t'  tliu  li.iiiiiti-.  «ii.l  iii:l» 


Th 


t!  ruiiiH  nil  Ms  (.111   .'til'  Ihiii 


if  III.'  ll. 


.1'    .\ii 


i>n>i{niii  tlii'Mfi'l  .^Iriii  riT" 


till!  Il'v'tl    l'iii"-t.  1.1     a    "..iiviiil     tliil 


H 


iTi-  11  tt'a,H 


i\ 


ir   ^l■|■llll'H  all 


'll.lI'lM'l'M     !■ 


I'l.i'  iiili'ri  r  .il't!.i-  <'»iii|».  .S«iiti> 
at  I'lwi  in  iil-i". "  s:i\»  l>r.  Iliinliv,  "  ti  liii  »i!li  llii-  •••I,  »lin-li  t 
i>aiv  tlVii  \r;ll-H  ilt'-i  llS.'iHl  |inMlllt-ilij  a  nillk  t'ni|l  nf  ui*i|it-«-UruUI 
aiiii  ..tiiiT  i;i'.iM»ri».'' 


l.ll  'U 


;iil>'r 


i    ..I' 


I    t. 


'   i 


. 


1  t 


m 


I 


FIVK   DAYS   AT  JERUSALEM. 


1 


ANOTHER    PILLAR    IN    THC    VAULT!    OF     THE    TEMPLC. 


IX.-  TO  III  Till. KM  KM   AND  TO  IIKHKON. 


Thi'iv  iir.»  t4iiiilis  of  iill  kiiiiU  in  this  vinnity  -  -dnwn 

ttll-  "liilH's  ,ill  :  IhiIiI,  Hiilllr  "I    llinil  uni.iiiii'tltril   like  tin 

Tlllll^^   (r|    till'  .lilily""-    nliil  till'   l\ili^'>,     lull     lliilif    «!lli  II.V\IMi   sliiiliil    with     thr    niliii^l    liiiwii,    wc    hnvo 

chaliil"  I  ~  I'Mijit  (IIM,  III  hIihIi  il   l>  ~.iii|  ihr  .\|iii.-<llr>  iilcl  cM  li     liiiW   Ilin>.l  nf   ijir    iLi\    lit  liil'i    iik,   mill    tit  tllili  |ilU't 

tliiiii-ilM  s       1 1  is  c 'III  It'll  "Till'  \|  ii-ili's'  lli'tiiiil"-  mill  (if  till-  Viilli')  wi'  I  Ilk  I-  111 'I'M'.  111!'  wr  liiiM'  a  Imifj  juiiiiii'y 

JK  M  iii'I'In  lar>;i'  riiiiiii.'h  tu  Imjil  iIi-mh  ;  li.ii  Si    I'rii  r  liitiirr  tin  nt'  Hm'  hi. ills'  iiiliii);   fii'  «i'  \i>il  till'   l.iith- 

»!■  kiiou  w;is  awii\,  iiii<l  nil  ui't'i-   mil    In^i'thrr.       Tlu-  |ilin  i'    i>l  oiii    I  I'lil,   iii.il    lli  hinii.  iiinl  iitiiiii  tf  .li  rii- 

Mrw    lit'  .li'I'ili.ili'lii,  Irnlil     lull',    ii>    li    l-i  liiul'kalili'    mil'.  Milrlij         W  r  liiiM'  thi'  lull  nt     Kvil  (..'tillli.iil  oil  iMIl'  Irl't, 

\N  !■   run   Ml'    till'   \  iilli  y    111'    lliiiliiilii  III  il--  lull  rvn  nl,  iiml    ii-ninl  ii|.  llii  kIci'|i  silll'^  ul  lln    \'iilli  \  ul'  II  lliliiilii, 

Hithnll     "llif  ilillk   iijnliit  Ill's  111    alli'liiiliil    Jllil.'iir    lull  111      wlirii'    I  In     lili'iiil,    ^'1 1  ill,  lii|i){  \alh_>    nl'    ltr|i|iuilll 

lllnli'l' iiiir  i-yi'S.      Till-    Ik  wii    tullilm,    tlir    iliil'k     l'llj{i.'<il  .-|ili'ii'l.s    il»ill    Im  IuIT   iih.       As   ««'    klinW   llillt    ■'•'lliyil  tif 

hill,  llif  iiri'lirM'il    tri'c,     mill  lln'    I'iiImI     tichl       thi'    |,'rr\  hiil-.si'H    Mill  III    |iriiMil(.||  )i  i    llh  II)   th"  jiillit  ('ntt*  nl'  iilir 

(.'liHiiii  iiC  till-  ti^'i'H  mill  till'  iijil  liiiii-  H'lirii  \Milliil  /lull  iiwh  rlcvrr  hmI   ''Xrilhut  chIihuI.    Mi.  Kiihi.  iiihI    the 

■  ivi'rlimiLiiiiL' nil ii>iiliitii  tnui'thrr  ii  wihl  .iihI  iniiiirii  I'li'in-h    CuiimiI-  I'lir   wc   mr    tiii\rlliiit;   with    French 

till  |iirtiii'i'   111' .IrniKiilriii    ill    hi  r  ili-i^iilMliiiii.      Siiiliii'.ss  iirtislH    hi^th   in   liiMir—  wi-   Hlntth   IhmjiiIh   thr   liiiii 

mill  L'I'iiilll    iiltiliil    Kill'    |i;irtili;;  :     vti     rl;lr|i'i|  in    iliwiji-  In  ihr  i  .\tli  liii' \«rslrl'liliM"<l    |>mt  uI'lhrN  iiIIcn  .  tn  whiti' 

|iiiiiiliiii'iil.   aiiil    ili'jim'l    in    nii'iiriiflil    siillni'sH.       'I'hi'  tin'  ('i'IimiiI    nl    ihi'    llii|\    (rush  Ih'k    initiily  trliiril 

I'll  I'M'  III'  ( Mill  SI"  I  lis  III  IIS  htill  tu  hiiii){  liki'  ;t  ilmki'iiiii^  w  iihin  ii  kIh  Itin  il  ImHi-u  .  iin'  nl'  ihr  |iiriiNintfiit  spnu 

tjliud  UVIT  till!  lluullii'il  r.lt^.  ,  ulllMlt  Ji'MI.'-ulrUl,   Wlill'll   I'll^    lll'H    Ll'lllllli    KM    ill  U   » llit« 


w 


r 


il 


S2 


AI.I,    liOUND   TIIK    WORLD 


liiu'  li'vcl  witli    till'   |iliiii.      Ynu   wntiM  liijrdly  think 

tlicri'      t-xistcil      till'     ilrl^^l     ()|ll'llillj{     of      tlt«>     two      V  llll'VS 

liitwi'i'ii  Us  ;  til"  riiail "I  tiiwi'is,  the  .\niirrii:iii 
convent,  iukI  tin-  nimar't  over  the  .Miisi|ii('  u'onc 
lil'i'iikin'4  till'  line,  :iliM\i>  wliirli  towers  Itjni.ili  'of 
I'M'nj.iniini  liiu'li  I'n  tlic  dark  hill  licvonij.  It  i-* 
known  ii,  N'clii  Sainwcl — tln'  'I'onili  of  Saniinl.  ••  A 
Very  f.iir  und  ilclicions  |iliii'i',"  siiy-  Sir  .lolni  M.iun 
ili'villi',  "111111  it  is  I'alli'ij  •  \|onnt  .lny,'  lii'ciirs.'  it  ;;ivcs 
jiiy  to  pilifrinis'  licirls,  tiir  troru  timt  iiliirc  ini'ii  tii-st 
•<(•(•  .li'rnsiili'nr"  <  >ni'  rrniinisicniT  is  |i|i'ii<ini;  ti>  irs 
Knu'lislinii'n  lleri  ih'  noliji'  itirliaril  < '<r'ir  do  Linn, 
iiihaniini,'  t'roni  his  laniji  Ml   A^ki'loii,  st  i.nl  in  -iinlil  of 

till'  cily,  mid   hiirii'd   his  t'.nr    in   his    iiri ir.  with   the 

;,'i:ind  cxilain.itioii.  so  lull  ofihivalry  mil  [iicty  :  "Oh' 
Loril  tioil;  1  pray  iliat  I  niav  m-vT  sfc  thy  llolv 
Ciiv.  i(  -o  111'  lliut  I  liny  not  ii'sciic  it  (Voin  ilii'  hands 
o|' thiiir  ciHinic^ '  \Vi' sh  ill  soon  have  llii^  hill  mi  mir 
riulil  Half  an  iioiir  iiriiii;s  into  the  (.'oiiviil  oi'ihc 
•  'loss  It  jo  iks  like  a  tiirlresN;  and  it  is  well  thai  it 
is  so  in  ihi«  wild  ciiiniry.  for  oin'  Su|Hrior  lia>  already 
lieei.  niurdiied  liy  |i|underini;  Arali-  Now,  it  lies  all 
[MMeeful.  surioundid  with  rieli  olivr  :;rouiids,  with  a 
iiaek  ;;rolliii|  of  hills,  ami  every  seni'il  lliee  of  Wealth 
iilid  i-onifoii  It  owe»  this  wealth  aud  lame  to  its 
Oii\eriln,'  till'  sjiol  wlier.'  tie-  tree  flMlll  whiell  tile  Cross 
was  iiiaile  L'l'ew  ,  tln'  i,'o o  I  iiitured  (ifeek  |(a|ias 
shows  the  holi'  iMidi'l-  the  lilu'li  allar.  The  ehureli  is 
rii'lily  dsoiiiid  with  111  is  Ill's,  and  his  a  s|i|i'ndii||y 
1,'iMi'd  eh  III'  .nil  an  a  iiiiirahh'  lU'/.  inline  |iiil|m  The  { 
old  [irie.st  will  show  von  it  verv  straii^i'  pil'iiii'i'  In'i'i-,  liki' 
a  lo'ii;  |iaiioraiim — a  sii|./iil  ir  heieroi; 'iieoiis  iiiiitiiri'  ' 
ol' devils,  [iri'sts.  mil  illei;  irie.il  pei'so  la^es  of  all  a'.'i's. 
and  easlles  .in  1  i»ro\'i's  It  reliies  lo  soiin-  story  .ihoiil 
l<ot.  ihi'  ;.'isi  of  will  h  is.  thai  having  repented  of  ihe  ; 
sill  iiiio  wlih'h  he  hid  i>e"ii  deluded  hy  inloMiaiioii,  \ 
the  I'.iiriaieh.  oit  wikiii;',  sui^'hi  at  once  .some  m  aiis 
of  e\pi  iii  III,  liv  e  la.iiliiii:;  :i  i,''vili'  The  holy  m  hi 
orderi' I  linn  t  •  pi  ml  in  hi.s  :;irdeii  three  lir.inihe^  of 
trei'.H,  mid  I'l  no'.iridi  them  with  w.iter  from  ih'^ 
,loi'daii.  to  lie  fi'iehi'  I  liy  him  every  iiioriiiii:;  on  fool  If 
till'  lir.iiiehes  took  ri'l.  he  woul'l  then  knoiv  that  In' 
w.is  I'lrylven.  .S'e\l  liiorniii;;  L'll  |il.iiitet|  the  ihi'ie 
euttili^'s,  and  sMrted  oil' to  the  .lonl  III  -lei  short  (lis- 
laiii'e — for  the  water;  wliih'  rt'tiirnin,;  he  w.i.s  iiei'uste.l 
hy  mi  old  iM'i,':,'!!' Ill  in  e.xh.uistel  with  the  heiil,  wiei 
asked  ii  r  I  drink  of  water,  this  l.m  ;,'ive  to  him,  know- 
III'.' that  h'  should  still  h  ue  in  iili.di  left  to  walir  llm 
i'iittni:{s.  A  little  f.ii'lliir  mi,  lln'  sime  de'iianl  w.is 
made  upon  hiin  liy  ;t  I  livelier,  whiili  i'i'>|  i  si  ii.'  km-w 
not  lioW  to  I'ctuse  ;  iitid  so  on,  hi'  iiiet  -  i  m  my  pi  iipl- 
on  Ills  way,  and  w.is  so  ehirilalile  tint  when  he 
L'ot  h'liiie  he  h.td  Hit  a  drop  nl  water  lefi  for  himself 
I'lred  as  he  Was  he  must   :.'ii  li.e  k  to  1 1 


P0U18  Of  801UM0N. 
Rm|K'ror  Tati.in,)  mid  LjoiMi;  d'lwii  hy  a  rapi'l  deseent 
to  where  lle'V  siv  w,i.s  tlif  ihreshiiii;  lloor  of  (Jlied 
(hlien,  half  ii  h  mr  hriiii;-!  in  t<i  the  "  Valley  of  the 
Teri'liinthus'  or  rurpentine, adark  iiid  deep  .md  narrow 
\  illey,  wilh  the  lied  of  a  dry  torti'iit  .seoriiii;  a  white 
line  alonn  its  liottom.  wlii.  h  Iraililioli  deelares  lo    have 

marke.l  the  separaii f  the  c'amp  of  Siiil  from  that  of 

till'  I'hilisliiie^.  ||i'ii<  |)ivid  slew  (ioliath,  (otiieis 
.siiy  this  liappeiie  I  at  .->liuweikeli,  llir  Sm  oh  of  the 
pl.'iiii  of  .liidall  (.lo,h.  XV,  .li")),  lii'Voiid  (iaz.i,  iilid 
near  lli'it  Syhim).  The  sitiiiition  is  siililiine,  and  »e 
hall  at  II  litth'  H|iriii;;.  under  some  olive  In  is,  lieliirc 
ileM'i'iidin.t;  the  sti-ep  dei  livilv  itllo  the  ^.'llley  liy  wliii'll 
We  tilU't  liloimt  tip  lo  the  t 'oiivi'lii  I'l  St  .lollll  hv  sle|tf( 
hewn  III  lie  I'oek  Tlii'i"  Is  "a  iiiountaili  on  the  one 
side  and  .1  lii'iimlaili  on  the  ol  her,  ami  ,i  \alle\  liitweeii 
them,"  jii^l  ihe  place  for  the  ti;;l.t  .is  ili  si  i  ihi  d,  illiil 
llnre.  too,  IS  till  lii'ook.  and  tlnie  .soiiie  -liioi.ih  s|one» 
thai  would  have  ju-t  .■:iis«eii'il  the  Mum:;  .shepheid- 
lioy'.>  hold  pnrpiisi'  rp  in  iIii'm'  roekv  moimlaiiis 
soilthwai'l.  Islhi  laMlli  w  111  li'in  St.  ilohli  dwelt  m'lie 
\Vilderne.s.s  ;  Imt   we    inii.st    lirst  hinp  at    the  t'oiiM  nl 


he  llei's  III 


risli  .iiid    villi  tie  111  nil  1|. 


up  to  set  'id    ijalll  .111    ili'j 


IIS  extreitiil  V,   aiel 


•  iiilorii 


that  Ills  eh  irity  h  id  la  ise  1  him  I'l  liiel 
Klein  il.miormim^  him  ih  it  it  was  the  I 
to  hear  the  thoii'^hts  ih  it  l.oi's  misehiin 


r 


il  I '  il'i'h  111  his  poiver     I   1  I  assiiiii 


■  111  Ills  h'linew.ii'd  iialli,  and  thus  drani 


ot     W.lti'l' 


I 
Lot 


I' 


dolled,    an 


loot  aii'l  llaiiishi'd  ;  in  after  years  i 
the  w I  lor  the  llolv    ( 'I'oss     We  ip 


<ieoi:.M  Ills  (tor  til 


the  l.i^l  mid  oiilv 


I'll u I'l 'h  of  I  'lin si  I  Ills,  thi'ir  sole  p, 


it    fii: 


net    tl"  V    I'lii 


III     It     as    ^iM 


PTVP   T)\Y«    AT   .TKRI'SAT-F.M. 


•8 


i 


Tt  \(M)k  iiR  nti  lidiir  to  fo.tfl. 
^  tlir  [)<M-n  cif  St.  .lolin,  wliich 

*"    ^^     ^gj  toillK'tfriTii  tcili;is{i'<iriiic  viiii'n, 

j^^^jJE  JiJK^*  '";•*  J  '(♦ifc^lHh^^^^^l     '""'   'll''  "ilMl-  trijH  (it    tllC   lllivrM, 
''•'  '   ni-'^ff^Xi  "'S'^T?""  V  J**  ■      •|ll''M'lMli,'i:lliili'<.  nil  wliiisc  l|l|'<kH 


H^BROH.    WITH    TH:    SAVt    OF    l.iACHPflAH. 


Sill,  illlll  U  llil'll  nil'  Willi  I'l  III'  lllll 
'iX'llsl    till',   nil   U  llil'll   till'    illptllt 

r,''4ii  liM'il,  Will'  til  lif  si'i'ii  I'vrry- 
\.  Ill  II'.     A  turn  ill  llii'ilii'|i\Mlli'y 

liriilli.'llt  llltil-i'.'lll,  nil  till'  --iili'  lit 

V.  I  .iky  I'i'iik,  till'  ( iiiiiiii  wlicrtt 
Kl  .l.iliii  till'  I'll  I'lM-iiir  j'ii'<'<i'i| 
(illiiii  M'iirt  111' Ills  yiiiilli  (l.iikii 
i  .'>ll).  It  isu  |i:itiir:il  i'\.'.i\;itiii|| 
111  1.  lilt  till  ri'yiiril>  »  iili'  liy '. «  1  in 
ili-|iili.   'I'lii'  |ilari'  iM  l.iiiily  mill  :i 

«  illlrlllC'sM,   llllt  IKll   M  lIl'NI'lt.        A. 

-|iiiML;  risi'M  nil. I  .iiiil  |ili':is.iii(, 
tiiiiii  wiiliiii,  mill  tiii'kl'"!  (Iiiwii 


:i 


wliiili  !■*  lii^li  «,illiil  mill  >liii|ii;  imt^iili'     III  II',  lm\  iiii; 

(ilitlilinl     Milllli>-iiill     li'l'    iilllsi'lvrs    Illlll     liiiI'M'S  tlll'iilli.'l 
till'  liiM     II     II    llimr     lli.ll     miIiiiIIm     llllt    nlii'  at   II     tillll' -     II    t> 
Hlil'r      |i|ir.intiii||,'      Ui-    Mr.it     tlll'jl     Mllillll'inn  Mil    rlllljiii.      ,       * 

u  iMVi'   ill  w  llil'll  St   .Inliii  wiif  liiiiii  :  tlii'ii  L':i/i'  ii|iiiii  tin     . 

MCl'lll-      llnlli      till'     MIMll.llril     liill     nil     \\||irli     tills    .stl'nll^' 

omixriit  lull  ii'-s     ^t:lllll■'.    iliiwii     iiitii    iliip    anil     ilark 

V.llll'V>.    «ililM'    j;il'\    tnrk-.    will  II'    tlirV  I  11  I' till'  CIIIIM  III.   !_, 

IllUn    lil'I'll      linjliiwiil     liV    11. illlll'   ill*"  <'aM>.    sill  ll   IIS   till     ^  ^ ',**|^t.,^_         •       *ft-.?- 

hi'llliiis  nf    till'    iiiily  (  iiiilili    Inv.il  ll.  ilwi'll  ill        ( In  :i     Lj  .!!!^^'^  "  " '*''    ^'- 

Hliiii.ijly,    wlii'ii'     Millirniil    snil    run    lir  Iniiinl    Inr  imt^,  K'^-II^ 

liu' ii'ii"',    wall    Mill '■  I  liii(:inL'  iniiiiil   till  II    tiiiiik>,  iiia\  ^ 

111'  Ml'i'll    Miltlinil    lilu'lll  'I'll'   \  llllijil'  tllilll  I    till    (nllMlil-fe-  -" 

wills      i.s     lalliil      Am   I  iililii,      till'      liiiiiitaiii      n)      tin-  A  '■-,* 

N'il'Uill,     till    liillii'l'.     l|ii'\  m\,   iiiliii'  tin'  \'ll;;in  til  iliaw   »  ■ 

Wali-I'     wlii'll      I'll    a    \i~ll     In    /.111  |ial'i;.|l     lilnl     I  li/iiliit  li. 

wliiisf  limiM',  iil.niii  II  i|ii,'iitii  lit  ;i  null'  lii  m  tlir  rmi 
Vint,  is  I'lixi'i'i'ij  willi  .11  Illlll  ll  iiiimv  aipl  ii  all  i'liii|n  1, 
rilll'll   till'   Clia|ii  I    111   till     \  lllallnli    ll.likr  i,   'M). 


^^Jf^tSmi  1    <vf»- 


'^■r«?;*%«f%' 


.*.;-^.---  % 


HLtiN    0-    JlKICHO. 

tliornrk.  A  lull  I  |iiillsi'|ii'|i'.aiiil 
tlirli  ti:i.k  ii'-i|iiii  kl\  asiiiiilailst'.i 
will  ran  \  IIS  iiihIi'I'  siirli  ii  Inirii- 
inn  sun.  'll  till'  ('mni'iil  nl'  St. 
Jiiliii  till  11  I'l'lay  III  ratlli-  iiml  a 
Urwi'^rnit.sinl  mi  In  riiii'.iisWi  11 
iiM  I'll'ii '  linii'iit,  liii«|iiiali|y  tiir- 
tlisliril  I'V  till'  ;.'iiiiil  I'alliii'H. 

.■\l  lii^l  '.t.iiliiiij  mil'  liiinl  was 
liMilaiiil'lii  .'iiy  riimii;li,i'i'i  k  .ilti-r 
link,  liki  '.;ri'at  sliiisnra  iiimiii- 
tain  I'lil  nil'  willi  It  kiiiti',  iiinl 
^2^'''^*r'^HnKft  ilmi'l  <<|'  '^*  K>^'iiiiir  |iii\iiit; 
'  I  y  -  __  ■'*•'  :  lUii  s.  I'lV  lliis  i-ii.nl  lii'nililii{ 
-    '»    .    '    •  %  _   :  iiitliwiiiil,   in   wliii  ll  iliiiiliiiii 

'"jC^     •  •'  I'l'Vi'  Im'i'II  .'ill    uliill','   |il'nr 1- 

.'«!..  1:1^,  wi' ii|i|i|'iiarli  till' tiiiilitimial 

.^.^     .■.'•'  Milt    nf    till'  I 'miMI-iiill    nf    llm 

'S'^\<"'-\  I'll,,,, nil,    l,y    l'liili|i          llinv    l„. 


'**.»* 


IHE  UEAD  SE*. 


lniina'.;ri|  tin  nli'iiiiii'liii  int '  .\i'l.'« 
>  III.  '!>)  nil  sllrll  II  I'lillil  is  ,llllini<( 
U  nillai'lr,  lll'l  llir  IllrillllJ  lIlV 
OIIK    II|U1|I    it,    IIUW'-U'llil|.S,    Wliulll 

bu  .iiuiiliuri 


f   I 


S4  ALL   ROUND  THR  WORLD. 

A    foiiiiliiiii   iii.'ii'ks  llic   ^|Hit— Mill    II   sliiaiii.      It  witti  I  iiii;  ;;liii'i)  i>r  tl 


Shn 


ix  ri'tiirniiii;  from  t  o 


lantl 


oiicf  lii;;lil\   ailniiiiil,    itnil  tlic  iiiiiiiiriiiis  <iiiv<  il  .■.tiiiics  '  id'  stnuij^i'i-x  In  lnT  native  vilLiyi'  ( Itiilli,  i  ,  7).         i'Aoim 
liinj,'  .iIhhii  i'\ii|riitly  rniinnl  a  iinriiim  nC  tl Imiiiii'l     l)y  the  nulr  is  llif  will,  rm'tlit'  wiitrr  rimii  wliirli  |)iiviit 


liv    wliiili    ilH    wiiltf    was    niiivivi-il    iiilo    llic    Si 


liiiii;t'i|.       All  iiliuul,  we  Ni'c  till'    viiii-viil'ils  nt    .liiiliili 


AiiiillnT  li'iiir  liiiiiiylit  UM  III  Iti'il  jiila,  wliiir  tlir  I'Vi'iT  liill  >iilr,  willi  wiilrhliitttTs  ami  walU,  Kvi  ry 
Laliii  I'.ilriaiili  lia.-  ii  tinlilc  t'uiiiiil.iliun  t'nr  tlif  cilii-  I  place  uIkhiI  is  ijliiuiii;;  with  wilil  (li>»ers,  daisjeH,  anil 
I'lu'V.      lli'iH'i'  liy  a  tiiilsiiiiie  ri>ii:l  J  the  white  Slur  III'   llilhli  hem  ;   wilh   a   hln/e   nl'  Kiiirlet 

i|  ihi^   like  ;    ihe  lirnt 


I'lllimi  III   ille  lliilive 

until  w-e  reach  I  he  |i|.iin  ul'  I 


i'|iliaiiii  niiee    inme,    li'inn  i  lliiweis,  anenmiies    \\  ilil  tuli|>->,      in 


wliich,  liy  a  penile  liias  Inwaiils  tin-  lel'i,    we   arii>e  at     liiluriin.-*  nscl  tn  lall  llicni  "  ihe  Saviiinr'.s  liliiuil  iliii|ii 
a  Huiall  iiliiiin);   'I'lirki-li    ini»i|iie,  >li;.;lilly   elcMilcil   mi  ,  Itare  ami  liarren  as  is  all  a 


th. 
I' 


I'onnil,  thof  lliiwars,  in   thi.^ 
le.  wilii  a  lilfic  w  hite  ilnnie  on  llic  loll,  ami  ,  spring  time,  al'<>  a   lirilliani   cnnti'.iH.      Itehiml   Dcthle 


s|irinK 

inteil  Mi'ch  tin  ils  siile  at  the  iitlier  oiiii.      We   iiiiw    liciii,   we  »•■•  rising;  a    Iniu'e    sMill  ul'  innnnlaiiis,   lii^h, 

knnw    "'I'liere   is  liiit  a  lilllc   way  to  l''.|ihi'.itah,   which  |  massive,  ami  oversliailow  in^.      N  on  know  the   illect   of 

is  lletlileliem  "  for   we  are    lra\elliiii,'    in    ihc    roiisle|is  j  Ihc  ilistaiit   IIcUcIImi  incr  the   Miiioiiniliny    ilislrict— - 

lliat  is  the  a|i|icarance  of  the  iniinntains  <i|    Mualintcr 
llelhli'heni.       The    Idvul    Sea    lii  s    liclweeii,    Imt    llieie 


ir.faciili  on  tc 


t'i'oiii  Iti'th  cl  to  J-Moni.  ami  \M'  havi 


I'cai'heil  the  |ilnce    where    he   Imiieil    his   lieaiitil'nl   ami 
Well  I'avoiiri 
III  Siniott  ) 


liail 


III.  w  liii  n.iimi 


I  her  Mill   II 


en  oni  (.'^on 


US  she  Mil 


il    l< 


lell.    XXXV. 


IS.  I'll,.       We  halt 


here  I'or  a  lew    ininiiles    iitnler    the  iiillilencc   of  leinler 


A  re<|iiciriil  lecliiii.'s.   till'  syni|iilhy    lor  a   In 
~lialii|   three  llioii-ainl    Neil's    a  I'll  : — llie     hull 


iia''e    III 


ari'  tile  iniiiinliiins,  lnuwii,  lin^e,  iiiii'cielin;,',  never 
tn  he  ror^'ollcii  ;  ami  this  is  why  I'aviil,  wliii 
lis  a  liny  liail  them  always  licfori-  his  I'yes,  took  eaie 
to  S4'ciii'c  rel'iii;!'  t'nr  his  ohl  lather  ami  iiinlhcr  in 
their  h  i^'liis  when  llicie  was  nolniiu'er  -alelv   tor  them 


teal's   |iii<l    to  a    .Icwisli    wile's    hnmlile    Ininli,     which     in  ltd  iilchcm.      An  o|>i'iiiii^  in  llic-e    inoiuilains  hhows 
1,'iilileii  niaiiMileiinis    nl'  Xcnnlna   ami    l'lcn|>alra   wnnhl     llie  sjint  where  Lot's  uil'e    was  clianifeil  inln  a  i'illar  nl' 


l.illlnelicil.     "  iiai  hi'l  ilicil  I  V  me!"   What  iiowcr  to  wake  !  Salt,  ,'iml  in  the  ilisl.ime    is   the  Wilileriiess    nC  F. 


iKcili. 


rmntinn  is  in  tlmst'  sinijilc  woiil-.,  while  here  we  slaiiil  i  The  I 'hiii'ch  n|'  the  Nativity,  is  an  enoininiis  pile  nf 
iipnii  the  split  wlicrc  ill.'  piti'i.ii'cii  lil'leil  lip  hisl'ace  ami  I  hiiililinus,  cnverinj;  a  l.ii';ie  s|i:ii  e.  mi^imilly  Imilt  hy 
IS  :4i'c.ii   Weeping  ami   laineiilatinii."  '  the  Kmpii-ss  Helena,  repaiiiil  ami  'iilirijcd  by    varimis 


wi'iil.  ami  ■■  llidc  w 


Cliiisiian  cnnlriliiiiiniis,  IhiI  slill  imperii  ct  ami  ii 


parts  riuiiniis 


Tl 


IIS  olll^llt   lint   tn  I 


Tl 


are  lire  Hired 


Ih 


invents,  L\tin,  (iri'ck,iini|  ( 'hristiaii,  uiili  tlie  Chnicli 

III'  the    Nativity    cm n   to  all.      The    nave,    with   iin 

(lonlilc  lines  nt'  Cm  iiil  hi  an  enliimns  ami   ronri  t' l.eli.iiiiiii 


eeilar,  i.t  what   remain^tn  lis  ot  llii'  ;.'raml  Imsilica 


ii  r. 


Th, 


(.'Inii'i  h  III' the  Nativity  ilsell  las  a  n  .1  i  I'  Knulisli  nak, 
l!ie;'irt  nt'nnrnwn    I'Mw.'iiil    l\'.      Iliie    Halilwiii    was 


•Wlieil    Kin;;  nf  <lei  il-alclii.       Oiill 


c    loliiiiiiis    n 


I'  till 


iili'   nav  es    III  IV    vet    lie  liac 


il 


le    allllnrilll 


Ml    tl 
lis  1. 1  the  eenlliil 


licai'in^s  nl'llie  ( 'riisii'ei'^,  aiiil  Hie  wa 
nave  slill  show  Ihe  leiiiiins  nl'  Hvzanliiie  ii.n.-aics.  Il 
iciW  seems  hill  as  a  pa-^  ^e  lietwecn  the  lohMlils,  ami 
yoii  will  nlisi  I'M'  I  hat  il  is  nl-n  a  phii  e  nl  liii  i  I  il  lC  Inr  ihe 
pcas.'ints  nl  the  \icinitv,  while  tliey  elijnv  tin  helter  il 
alliii'ils  ri'oiii  heal  or  rain,  ami  liiim|iiilly  Mm  kc  tlieii 
pipes,  as  lliey  iil'e  nnw  lining,  while  I  heir  cliilillcn  are 
receiving'  iiislniclinii  t'lmii  the  pimis  liielhrcii.  h'min 
this  we  ilesi'i'ml  tn  the  Niilitcrralicm  MiiiIIn  llliiler  the 
\s   we    iTii   Oh    We   ,sei'     Itethleheni.        We     arc    liiri|l\      tl  'or  ofthd 'hiiicli,  ami  ynili),'  lhrmi;;li  a  Imit,' nal  mw  pas 


RACHU'S  fiHAVl. 


hillaii  hniii  rrmn  it.     Tl 


III 


11,1;;  ninre  t  II  III     ^.e'l 


1  mule  track,  Iml  well   Iroililin    lor  .,,mc  llimi^aml- 


lieloni;ili^  In  llie  i.ililis-     ihe  (iiicks  lijivc  almtlier 


Mais.       Till'    ascciil    Is    (Till 


tic:     Il 


le    liail'iiw    I'M 


entrance      liml    miiselvcs    in    a   little    cliii|>el.    iwinlv 
Icet    Imi.'    iiml    eleven   wiili'.  with   a   inailile    llinr. 


mi     seven 


whose  siile  is  placdl  the   liille  ciiv,  with  its  Mat  inoleil     ailmncil  with  tapest.'y  ami    pi-lnics,   ami  liiiliili  ilin  \\ 
houses, ami  ilsi'liiMipntimiM'iii-,  ihj.'k  cliHicrini;  iniiml     with  siUcr  lamps.      this  is  the  Cinilo  nl  the  Nati\it_\ 


the  spot  of  till-  .Natuily.  i,  not  nl"  ifieat    hciijhl        It  is  There    arc    two  small    leioses ally    nppnsile  tn  each 

a  c..iilii-ei|  aiel  i!'i'c,'iil  ir  pile  nl' while  liiiililinir,.  |,ui  li.is  oiher  ;  a    marlile   slali    in    the   nmthi  rnninst,    which   is 

a  ;.'ay  ami  siiiilin,' I.Kik.  as  il'  the  Star  of  the  l-^iwt  still  seini  1  ireni.ir,   ami    marks    the    spot    nl'   the    Niilivily, 

-le 'IHtcliirht  ami   liri.'hine.ss  nver  it.      0\er   the  town  liaviny    iipmi    jl    a    silver   star    to   ihsi^jnale  w  In  re    llii' 

h  in>{s  a  pi  nil  of  yrcn  .   helnwiiihe   hill    is  j'^whinneil  Star  nl' the  Kn.si  resteil       There  is  also  an  in.scriptinn- 

Mito  hriacc-    of  nliw  tree-,    ami     vines,    .iml    rn»   trees  "llic    lialiis    est     .lesiis    ('hilstiis    ilc     \  ilfiine"    ("Here 


At    ii-^  I'll I,  -I 


V  II    III    Ille    V.llli'V  .  ai 


till 


.1. 


>iis  Clirist 


was  limn  o 


t  a  \' 


irL,'lll     I      I  III  I  lie  I'lt'llt,  or  nil 


lii'lils      Ms,  th,    Ml  V  ion,  ii,|,U  in  which  jiiilh  .'le.ineil  the  .sniith,  is  a  chamlur,  ilown  Iwosii  ps,  paveil  ami  liiml 

thei'i-  is  i:„'  \ri\  l.irni  nt  lioi/  liiinsclr    It  nnisl  !«•  sn.  w  iih  marlile,  at  miceml  olwhii  h  is,i  I. In.  k  of  stoiic  hewn 

\lii'.el\  oiir.irlisi  is  ^kd  chilis'  1  lie  lalimiri  I's  w  In.  wmkcl  mil,    -the  stall.      Iiom  which  was  take    the  w hn  iiiiiii 

Willi   iJiiiJi    ..„,   p.  ,",(5i.  ami  ihi'ic  a|iini,'that  path  acinss  yer  linw  at    Kniiie  in  the   M.isilica  nl'  Santa    .Maria  Miij} 

the  liclil-.  yoiiiu'   tiiw.irils  the   ilci'p  ;;alewav.  is    .N'amiii  u'iorc,  ami  cxhil.iti  il  excry  Chrislmas  in  the  presence  nl' 

Ifci'M-ll,  Ills)  .1-  -he  liiiiks  III  ijir   piclnies  |iaiiile.|  hy  the  the  I'opc    .Instill  .Martyr,  who  was  Imiii  at  .Nahltis  ami 

;.'i'eal    i.|.|    p.iiiiieiN.    whn  SI  happily  c.iii;rlit    the   spirit  imtrt)  t'eil  at  {{nine  ill  I  he  M-cmiil  century nliniisthis 

III   the  Sciipiiiii',     III  the  loin,'  ijowii  nCilaik   liliie,  ami  stniie.iimlSI  ■Icrmm'.whnwi'nU'the  X'lilpitcinacliamlier 

Inr  Mil    . I   whili   .  ..Hon  clofh  In  HJiade  av»'iiy  llie  lairii- 1  Iml   a  liw    pmes  (roiii  litis  spot,   h.is  vouched    Hir   itH 


FIVE   DATS  AT  JRRT'SAI,KM. 


M 


iilciitilv,  liy  clliHinlin;  it  for  Ili«  rrsiih-iicc.  Hrri'  lived 
iiiiil  •lii'il,  ll»it  i>in>t  illiislriiiiis  III' |iil;,'i'iiiis  In  tlir  Hilly 
Ijiml.  Ilcic^  III'  (iiNlrij,  |iniy<il,  mijiI  Ntiiilirij  ;  licii'  li  • 
I'lillirri'iillio^tf  Ii.'iihU  III'  < 'lii'i>liaiis  to^ctlH'r  \nIiii  still 
siii'vivc,  ill  llii'  llllliirl'iMIH  riiliM'lils  iil'  llic  lliily  l,.iiii|. 
( iMi- till' iilliir  ill  this  (liiiiiilit  r  III'  llir  .M.imj,'ii-.  is  ii 
iii.'lilir  iit'a  xtiilili' iilnl  calllc,  iiml.  Iii'liiinhi  lilllr  niiliii){ 
III' iruii.  IIm' liiiii|is  III!' ki'|il  riiiislMiilly  Imi  iiinj;.  li'i;;lit 
niiiHisili-  to  this  is  nil  altar,  llial  ul'  tlii'  .Ma;{i,  or 
I'liiiT  Histrrii  Kiii;{-i,  nil  tln'>|>iil  «lii|i'  tiny  ^iit,  wlini 
I  lli'V  niliir  to  iiM'rr  |)ri'St'lil<  to  llir  Son  111'  ( iiiil.  'I'lid'O 
Is  a  pii'liii't!  ol'  tills  over  till'  iiliar,  in  wlii<  li  mie  of  lliii 
kiii;;s  is  |iailiteil  ii.s  a  lie;^io 

Near    the    door   ol'  tlie   ell.i|iel    of  tlie   (jlliti  Convent 
villi  no  down  two  lliiilils  of  steps  |u  a  mm  ill  eliajiel,  dedi 

lati'd  lo  St   .lose|ili,  »  lieie  lie    waited    dir  ilii;    ll n- 

lineiiieiit  of  the  ViiL,'iii  At  tlie  end  of  lliis  |iiis.-M){e  is 
St.  .lel'oines  ( 'liallllier ;  and  just  nut  of  llie  iloor,  oil 
ilie  rij,dil  liaiiil,  i'*  lii' tonili.  ()|i|Misiie  are  tlie  imnlis 
nf  S;'iila  r.iiila  and  lier  ilaiii;)ilir.  Saint  Kii-tneliia, 
Iwn  Imlv  ladies  wlin  arrnni|iaiiii'i|  St.  ilerniiie.  and 
{III  vided  llilll  will)  nil  alls  diiiiiii;  lii-  leii)>tliened 
and      |iinlis      lalinlirs  Here      also     i-      llie     yriM-     of 

liis  faitlilill  and  earnest  ili-.ei|ile,  St.  Ku.m  liiils.  nl 
< 'reiiinii  I  .liisl  liy,  ill  tlie  liist  |ia.sMj{e  to  tlie  left, 
is  a  ilerji  |iit.  into  wliieli.  lliey  say,  tlie  Imdies  of 
lilt!  inlaiits.  nilirdered  liy  Herod's  cruel  ni.ilidate. 
wen*  tlirown  lit  tlie  tune  'I'lieie  is  an  all.ir  over  it, 
liiit  ue  lookeil  down  into  llie  pit  tliriiii){li  an  imn 
;.'ratiii|;.  and  .saw  iiiitliiiiK.  He  all  lliisa.s  it  may.  we 
kiinw  lliat,  anywhere  here,  wi'  are  within  a  lew  paeiii 
iif  the  liiilli|ilaie  o»'  the  Siiviiiur  nf  Inaiikilid  ;  and 
eold  llii'eeil  liillst  1)'  llie  lHil>t,  and  ileail  the  Vel'V  I'Oid. 
of  that  mall  who,  onre  on  this  s|>ot,  dnes  not 
earneslK  and  siiieenly  sliart*  the  enlhiisiaMii  iit  thnse 
|ionl'|ill;,'l  ilns  W  holll  ue  now  Hie  ill  ilee|>i  niol  in||,allil  with 
telM'lit  thalikllillHss  loi  His  ^1  eat  li(ie\,  |i|'i.>tral ill); 
then. selves  lit  the  .-liiihe  of  the  Nalisity  l.neal 
tradiliniis  nhmind.  'Ihere  is  a  ;;rotlo  in  the  roek.  just 
out  of  the  villane,  to  the  south,  whele  llu'  N'iiyin  sat 
down  to  Miekle  the  infiint  .lisiis,  ami  the  milk  n\ei 
llnwiii);  lioiii  the  <li\  iiie  diild'H  li|'S,  has  ^ixmlo  the 
grotto  the  \irliie  of  iissisliti);  all  weak  niotherx  who 
priiy  at  ihe  altar  theicin  eleeled.  '^lllk^,  (lleeks  ami 
Arilleliialisalike  Vnllehforlhis,  alid.you  see,  I  helimestnlie 
is  .SI  raj  led  away  ill  all  ilireelimis  :  in  one  |iiirl  a  rhamfer 
has  111  en  serii|ied  niit.  that  woiiieii  U'liV  drink  water 
in  which  the  pouder  floni  it  Ih  leeii  mixed. 
'Ihere  is  also  annthil'  grotto  in  wlmli  the  \  ir^iii 
rciiiaiiied  hidden  uiili  her  child  iliiiiiiLr  fn^l,^  ila\s,  to 
escajie  the  wiathlill  |ielsecnl  inn  ol  lliind.  iifler  tin- 
Ma);i  had  made  known  the  .siicci  sstiij  results  n|  their 
search  fill   the  Son  of  (ind  and  liitiire  Kiiij{o|  Mi  n. 

I'asxiiiL;  throii^di  i'etlilehem  lown—  for  we  nie  imw 
rapidly  joiiriieyiiii,' linmrds  lleliron—  it  is  iinpohsilile  not 
III  iioliee  the  manly  and  spiiiiid  heariii);  of  its  pi  opir, 
nr  the  licauliliil  form  and  line  expii  ssimi  of  eoiiiiteiiiii  c 
in  ilic  daiinlilcis  lit  lliilh.  The  men  ha\e  a  slnnly 
healing'  and  fearless  Innk.  siiiinlhin^  like  the  lli).;li 
landers.  ftavid  iMiiie  frniii  here,  and  so  did  .Imdi 
and  havids  other  Miliaiil  capliins  'j'liese  men  are 
iialiirally  hardy,  for  lliev  are  lirminht  iiji  as  slirpherd.s. 
There  lire  lir;:i>  tliiiks  in  the  plain  and  nn  tin  hilU,  and 
see,  where  ilic  reapers  are  ciiiiiii);  the  lun  lev.  and  their 
wniiicn  and  .  hildliii  i,'leaniiij,',  just  us  Unlh  did  when 
Una/,  eame  to  hmk  after  his  laliniirers  (Itiitli  ji  ,  ."i  7). 
riiere.  iiMi,  is  a  wnniaii  heutiii;:  out  the  yraiii  on  n  stone. 
as  [{iith  did  (Kiitli  ii  ,  I),  and  liny  "dip  their  morsel  in 


the  vim  !.'ar,"  am'  eat  "  parcfieil  I'om  "-- tliat  is,  tli^ 
rn  isted  e.irs,  the  I  half  Imiii;.'  liiirned  nlf  over  a  lliiiiio.  W'v 
(;n  nil  In  the"(!rniinn|  llie  .Sln|iherils,"  w here  they  hiy  at 
iii'.dit,  walchiiiL;  ill  ir  tincks,  and  make  niir  modest 
nlfcriiiL;.  as  pil::riiiis.  nf  a  few  \va.\  faiidles  tn  tho  little 
hiimlile  sill  ill!'  adnrned  with  Home  jioor  paintings 
Tliiiiie,  a  three  ipiartcis  nf  an  hour's  march  to  the  I  'axe 
nf  .\i|iillaiii,  in  the  innuiit.iinniis  wilderness  of  l'!li;:edi. 
It  is  situated  in  a  ^real  rock  that  haii^^s  on  the  educ  of 
a  narrow  shelf  of  rmks  in  a  fearful  nor;;e,  with  lower- 
in;.  cli'''s  alinve  it,  and  In  ;>el  to  it  yon  have  In  leap  into 
a  low  window  Imle  Within,  it  is  a  vrry  lar;,'e  grolin, 
ipiile  dry  liut  very  dark,  with  niimeroiis  pa.s.sjigeM  rami 
fvim,'  in  all  directions;  a  veritaMe  stroiinlinld  and 
hiililii;  place,  such  as  a  few  hold  liieii  could  Imld  aj,'aiiisl 
a  liii*t,  arnieil  as  soldiers  were  in  Saul's  time.  The 
111 X  i lie  here  is  excessively  prccipilniis.  The  ciivo  has 
I  ecu  in.ide  use  nf,  even  ill  late  years,  as  a  place  of  refll);e 
fill  the  inliiiliitaiiis  nf  the  disliici  i.i  tunc  of  war.  Ymi 
read,  ill  llic  iiceoiiiils  of  the  Kleiicli  .A  l;.'erine  caiiipai^rn, 
of  .Marsh  ll  I'clis.icr  and  (iemnil  l,aiiinriciiie  havini,' 
siiirneated  "iiiiic  hiiiidieds  of  pca.sant  Aralis  with  their 
wives  and  cliildrcn.  in  jiist  siii  h  a  cave,  Ky  lii;liliiii;  lires 
III  the  eiilraiiee,  when  they  could  liy  no  means  drive 
them  out  or  Vent  lie  in  theln.selves. 

A  rii;;','ei|  roa  I  l'riii;,'s  us  Inn  k  to  the  niiih  i'  path  and 
up  the  jjreen  Milley  nf  waters  In  the  "Thlec  I'onIs  of 
Siilonnin,"  which  lie  all  iii  a  row,  one  lielow  the  oilier; 
each  of  an  olilnii^  I'nrni,  of  the  reH|ieetive  1cii;;|Iin  nl 
.'iiill,  ll'.'l,  and  'iSS  feet.  The  largest,  the  casternninsl, 
is  L'IMl  fiet  wide  and  •">'•  dee|i.  sn  that  wlii'ii  full  -which 
it  now  is,  and  ruiiiiiii){  nver  to  the  second  and  the 
third  it  would  limit  the  lar^fest  man  of  war  that  ever 
p|iiiii;licil  the  nce.iii.  llnw  lii.iiitiful  iiiiist  have  lici  n 
the  i{ irdeiis,  hell  a'loiits,  in  Snlnmnii's  time  !  the  vim- 
Minis  Hid  the  nrchards  nil  the  neiL'hlinurili);  hills  and 
the  viUey  In  the  imrl  ll  VM'sl.  AIniii;  the  iiinMiitain  side, 
wiinliiii,'  III  a  cniidii  I,  is  the  channel  In  siippiv 
•Icrilsaleni,  made  liy  the  » i>e  kiii^  iiiid  reslnrci^  liy 
rniillils  I'ilale,  as  we  learn  Irnlii  ■Insephils      It  runs  and 

meanders  in  varimis  siiiiinsities  fur  nine  miles'  dislai , 

|iis|  as  Used  In  wind  and  wander,  thrniii/li  the  iinadnws 
nf  |sliii;;liin  iiid  'lornsey,  our  own  New  Itiver,  In  its 
old  leaden  coinliiil,  from  Ware  to  London.  The  lii^li 
sleep    hill    to  the  left      that    I'lnn  liiniH  lialiiral    iiiiiiiinl, 

risiiii-    Slid   feet  fr the  \alloy    -is   the  Ijci'ndiuin    nf 

.Insephils,  a  ;,'!  cat  liLihlinij  place  and  fortress  of  I  he  nldeii 

time,  ll Kiaiik  .Moiinlaiii  "  of  the  ( 'nisadeiN.  wlm  had 

llicir    last     tiuht     mil     here,    .iiid    made    here     their    la.s| 
stand  after  liny  weie  driven   mil    of  .Iiiusalciii.      The 
old  castle,  the  Inweis,  a'lil  the  Walls  ciinnccliic.;  lielwecn 
lliciii.  siill  remain,  Iml  in  ruins      At  its  feet  lies  Tcknali, 
w 111  ii.c  came  the  clcvi-r  wnniali  tnseek  fur  the  reliel  AK 
salniii     pard'iii  frmii  his  lather    We  are  iiiwapproachin^;, 
aloiiL,'   the   Valley  of    Kshknl    (mil   nf  which    came   the 
yrcal  liiinch  of  j;ra|B'H  that  so  sliriirised   the  Israelites), 
to  lleliion,  the  oldest  city  in  Canaan  ;  one  of  liie  oldest, 
also,  in  the  world  ;  I'm-  it  was   Imilt  si'veii   yens  liel'nr*' 
Memphis,  and  has  survived  it        It   was  the  Imidcr  city 
of  ihc  I'rnniised  Lmd,  the   cily  nf   Ailia,  llie  Prince  nf 
tii.ilit.s,    the    lily    nf     Kphmn     the    (liltile,    nl     whom 
Alirahamlniii^ht  his  tmuli  Held,  .Machpelah  (lieu.  x.Jii., 
Ill),  the  lirsl  ImiMc  i>\'  the  patriarchs,  as  it  is  their  last, 
"fur    here,"    s.iys    St       .Icrmiie,    "ale      luiricd      .\ilaiii, 
.Mil  iliaiii.   l-iiac.  and   .lacnli."      t'alili   clmsc    ii    f,r    Iji..^ 
pnrlinii,  for  he    had  seen    it    when    mil    will,    the  spun. 
The  Vale  that  leads  Up  to  il  is  deliciiiUM,  rich  in  nrchaiiU 
and  in  Minjirds,  alioiindin^  in  wcllsaiid  fertile  ii,  snil. 


ILL   ROUND  THE   Wt)RLn, 


NAZARCIri. 


Hiirtr^t  |fr)>ii|M  |M»  <i<  oil  Oh'  rmiil,  witli  rcniicrs  niui 
Ijli'iiiii'r-.  I'l'Hin-  ••!  t'l  |<.iiri.iri  li.il  linu',  I  In  ii:><-i|iiii 
if<  till'  iiK'^l  proiiiiit'iil  oijtct  ill  iIm-  l.iii<Ur.i|H  <  ijii'ii 
II  ('••ii\i'ii(  l.iiilt  \,\  ||>i<ii.i  iIh-  Kiiipn  •«■•,  it  iimr-.  ilin 
liiiiil' xt' .\l*r.ili.iiii  111  M  ,•  )i|a  I  ill,  iiikI  till  I'll  II  -|o|iiii:,' 
lull  "i-ii'  Al  lt»  l>ci-«-.  Ill  till'  \.iili  «  i>  till' limii  ill  I  III  11 
<li\  l>l<-'.^  I'iti'li  >'li  a  <«  |uri«l'-  >liiiill  lull.  'Mil-  !,'■'■  <  II  t.iiiK'-) 
iiihI  III'  .'•rii  IwliU,  llw  .  Ii\>-  t'r'"\i-  timl  tln'  \  iiii'MiiiIo, 
slli-lrliiii'^  up  iiitit  i»  run  ll;:lit  .««.n  !■'  lliiiti  •<  1 1.  «  Iniii  !• 
iiihali<'<'<l  III-'  l-ri>  :i>  <  Til  ■ii-'iilil  III- >'rMi>iil>  loiik 
•  liiwii.  In-wiiiii;',  Im  v>  II  hihI  sfli  ii|ii\  i>\i'i'  all.  AI'miiI 
iHii  iiiilfs    l»-l>>rv    I'  ,    u<<.j    llw   t. •nil.  lull    ^l|||    uilliili 


'.     I    l<'<<li|  IHlIt,  olllllllll';:     :il< 


III',    III 
I     tilH- 


VH'W,    Wf  rnlli,    |||k.| 

llic   ri'iitrf    •'!    .1    la-.iii.  <it    urxli    -miikI        Ii    I 

itiK'iriil  i».i(;r'-»ii  tn-.  i>«<iin  »n  I'll  ill  1,'irlli,  iiiiil 
It-  tliii  k  •|ir>^^iiii;.'  1  r  . '.  l»-»  r^tii.i  n«ii-  iiii  ari'ii 
111'  iiiiiily  tliin    1<»I    III  iiwiiKi.r      S'     li"«   il  iliii'W-' 

■  'lit    111    till*'-    in^ii    ■•III'-     »Kli>  a;2.iiii    I'K^ik  iill"    III 
liilliK  i.il'ir    llliil-         111."  »:»lify    l»   lull    ••!    Ilyn,    i;ii.,li-, 

■  Ml  uiiii  Iniit  in^  •  III  »ll  \i<ri-'l\  I  I"!-  r  llhii  link,  if 
tt'iii|iti"ii  li'll-',  A^<r..li.tiii  •  iii'-rliiiiiiil  llii'  .iiiui'l<:  I'lit 
liiTi' iiiii'iln  r  Iri'li'oii  iiilt-rt' II -,  wliirli  junvliuil  tlii' 
Kiik  I'l  Alir.iliiMi  wiiliiTiii  ■(  il"  iiii'iiii'iil  111  "iir  {."iili 
iTiiiiti\i<'ii  VVf  liitl  iiiir>>liii-  I'll"  t"i  1  niii'iiil'li  .Il  \v 
ri-nl«iil  III  tint  tt»ii.  »lni'  il»n  I  nil  li"-|iil.ili|i' 
<'ii|it<-iit  til  n-v-i'ivt-  tnt»<'lti-ri>.  "•'  ■(••«  ••t>'  '  ili>'    ii  II'  -Il 

lllclll     MillH      t'|i|l-.>)|t«'ll>«i    o>tl«<-r-'i4l"li     li'lliiUI'l     nil     till' 
''llllllltlilll     1   (     till-     Jt-IM.-      ill     t'uli 
UKIlrliiarnl       I"       lir       li»fir»rt«iC. 

I'crtlllillv  llliltrt'li  •!    tlkixsil  It"  !••»  tiuut  11 

till'   tii»ii   lk«>Hi:;ii    J    tititvnalli   "I     Atnti-   iiikI    luin^. 

rill     liM«dvil.    >!«■■»■■» 'IT-    »«•  tsi'io)   la-ailill'.   mill  nil   MTtlllil 

Lrikk,    ^tivf.    *>iiM.    I>u»ii«w^    ami     iiilii'i'-ii'i 


IIIH.     uliiili    mil'    li".st 

iIh-     'I'nik-      «'  li' 

Wi  nil'iiil 


I'lir 


liii<Hi|iii'.    Ill    wlii'i'li  iii'i'i'SM   In  ili'iiii'il.    in    n   ri'iiiiirkniji* 

lillll'lili:,'  uilli  il   ^ll"ll;.'  llil,'ll  Ullll        I  III  ill  at   llir   I'llM'  willi 
IlirUr   >l"lii-..  Kliil  I'l  Inn  1-  lil'i'll  l.|"ll;;lil   IVi'lii  i'  i'    Tillll'lf 

nil  n't  -a  III  I  »  illi  t»<i  Mjiiari'  iiiiii.irit.-'  'IIh'  ualli^ti'ilil'iil 
«  iili  H.|iiaii' I'il.i-ii  i>.  rill' 'I'l'iiili  111  Alii'.iliaiii  i>  in  n 
I'll  ijirl.  »iiliiii  till'  >'{iiiii'i'  iil'llii'  iii<»'|Mr  :  ninli'i'  ils 
ilmiii'  it  wli.il  I-  ralli'il  tin-  'I'liinli  nl  Kmiii.  On  tin- 
ii;:lit  111'  till'  iiii'M|iii'  iliii'i'  it  >arali  -  'rninli.  mill  iii>! 
lii'Mili'l  It  llliil  1.1  Alil'ilialil  ;  null -{'"liilllii;  111  llir^i' 
III'  till'  I  ninli'i  111  I -III'  ami  iirliina  ami  mar  tliilii  in 
a  iii'i'M  till'  jiriiMi.  Miili  a  |iiil|iii  'I'lii'M'  IhiiiIm  11' 
M  lill'li'  Miiall  lull-,  Ullli  ,1  uiliiliiu  nil  rai  II  "lili'.  Tin  V 
li|H  II  wilh  I'lilillllU  1 1' H 'IN  lit'  Wnii'l  mill  Hull.  Willllll 
lacli  I'l  llirsi'  |K  an  iniltatinii  nl  tin' Haii'n|iliaL:nH  uliiili 
lii.Hiii  till'   i'.i\.'    l.i'liiw    till'   inii-i|iii'       till    till'  n|'|>iisilii 

.s|'l<'    I'l'    llli'    tll".ii{l|i'    ail'     t\Mi    lal'U''  I      Inllllin,     ulll'll'    lll'll 

ili'|iii-lh  il  till'  l.iiilii'-  111'  , I, null  aiiii  1.1. ill.  TliiTi'  urn 
.il-n  ill  till- inii.-<i|ili'  (111'  Siiii'ii|>lia;'i  nl  .liirnli  ami  l.rali. 
A  rami|'\  III  till' 11  nl  II' 111'  lln'  liiii-<|iii'  li.mi;- nvir  tlm 
I'.iM'  III  Mar|i|>i'lali,  ami  lli|niii,|i  a  li<>|i'  in  tin  IIihiI'  a 
l;ini|i  i>  lit  'l"\tii  ulii'li  \t  k' I'l  I'l  t|Hti  ally  liuiiillij,'. 
N'l  .'III'  Ih  .iilnillliil   I'l  lln    .11  Inal  i  aM'  In  lii».' 


'  Tiir  "'riir.'li  .1  111  Ill-Ill,"  nil  i'««iiy  ..ii  Ilii-  iiiitlii  utility  "f  tin' 
ii.iiii'-  .'I'  Al'tiiliiiiii.  I..II1I,  mill  .1.11  'I',  I'l  tl'i'  lriiriii<l  Ml.  i><>ii  '  t' 
.llli  r  iirlliiy.  ^!r\^\•  \\  •liit'",  i.n  Ilir  li  •imi'  nv  nl  .\l'ii  U'riiiruli, 
a  <ir|.i'iii|jil.l'  »iiiii«H,  uli  .  1(1111,1  il  "  It  "il.  Mill  li>  till' A  Ilmiii' 
..r  liiil  iM.ili  nil'' I  Wli'iilli.  \iii;i'l  liiilirii  I  iiinili' nil' tiikn  lliu 
iiiK'liiriiiil  II  i;lii  In  ,lrni>:il  III.  m  |ii--iil  <\<T  tlu  I'liili  nf 
A'.i  iliiiiii,  iiiiil  III'  Mill,  '  111  iiiiiil.  mil  III  llli'  II  (iruyiT  Willi  twii 
i:ri..ilti'Xi..iiii,  l.'i'  lll'll'  .«  till- iM'). Ill' III'  "I'  tli\  liitlirr  .Miruliiun, 
I  1"  II  U|i  |ijii'-i.'l  It.  I  III'  I. '-Ill,  mill  III'  %iiil,  '  llfMi'liil,  tnr  lli'rr  wu 
Imrii  III)'  liri'tlu'i'  Jmiiii,'     'llivii  Ml!  rniiii'  In  Jcriiiili  ii. ' 


iMi.\i;;i.\M>  "I   11  nil  im  ^'. 


I  i 


I      'M 


TliiTi'  in  Ik  li';{riiil  tliiit  It  ilfiti-i'iit  mill  llii*  I'livf  wiii»|i| 
III'  I'litiil.      Kill'  a   ri'i'l.iiii    Si'iil  I  hii  ir   Kliiilii'l'.   u   \>ii><l-* 

Mu'uiillilillll.  IiiinIii^'  Imtm   llitlti'il    liy   Alil'iilrilil  ti Mir 

(luwii,  l<i~t  IiIh  i'\r  li^lil  iIii'iiiikIi  Inn  Irimrily  Tin- 
l.nl    in.    tll.ll     Wllllin     lllfsf    ffW     yriiri    il    <  .'lll'lnl  iilll    ■.!< 

iiUi'iii|>tiiii;    il    uiMilil   liiivi'  liiil  mil  mily  liis  t'vi'H  \<\n 

llJH    lll'llll.  rill'I'l'    IH'l'     ItVll    illlllll'lI'M'    I'iIIiIh    ill    llll'lltUn. 

MTV   lilliirlll,    lull     llll  V   III!'    rillllv     lull   III'    W.lllT.  Till' 

iii'iiiili'  H'l  ijiiwii  tiiilii'iii  liy  >>iiiiir  kIi'|i'«.  mill  Mill  >•'■■ 
llii'lii  i>iii'<t!ililU  riiinin;{  ii|i  ;iiii|  Uniliu'  lio^vii  Willi  ){iiiil' 
Nkiii  lii'ttli'ii  'III  llii'ir  links  A  liti'i;i'  iii<MiiiMiriit 
JH  nliiiwii  in-.ir  till'  liii/Jiiir  IIS  till'  Tiiiiili  III'  Alimr. 
.IiihI  Iii-ViiIhI  llll'  lilii^>|il'',  nil  Ik  I'iMliii;  u'l'Millnl  l-i  tkii 
Fiiiiiiliiiii  "t  S.irili,  wlii'iii  ■.In-  wiihIii'iI  llll'  rj.iiliiH  III' 
Aliniliiiiii  iiii'l  Ihhih'  11  w'i'viri',  ill  tlniHf  linn'-.,  liy  im 
iiK'uiu  iiiiiiMial  ill  iIh*  uiki'M  III'  gi'i'iil  iiH'ii  .11  I'Vi'ii 
i|iii'i'ii)<  -lliiw  ^iHiil  <i|i|  i|.iy»,  wlii'ii  i|iii'i'iii  mill 
|i|iliri'.HTs  r  iiiir  iliiii  II  In  I  III'  I'iviT  "iilf  In  wiinIi  llii'ir 
iiwM  ikii'l  tlii'ir  Iiii-'IiiiiiiIh'  ^.tiiiiriiiH.  Tliii  eniiiitry  nil 
I'li'lMij  |i|i">('lit.s  lliii'  l.iliilt 'ii|H"<,  iiinl  till'  Infill  i'<  I'irlily 
lulliMilfil  ;  liiil  lii'voinl  iiinl  lilr  ih.'  \|.i.|i'mh  ni> 
ii'li^iMii->ly  rlii>iiiK  till'  iiiii->i|Hi'  III  iM  iliiys  III"  I 'III  i^l'ii'is 

-  lllili'  is  littli'  til  III'  Hi'i'll.  So  »f  lllii'ilit  mil  I'ii'kIi 
linfsi'H,  mil  iiialii'  till'  lirsl  III.  Ill  r  way  lurk  l.i  .IitiisiIi'hi, 
vvlii'i'r  »r  arilM'  at  a  laic  Ihnii'.  Iia\  liii;  -.liiiiii'  I  in  llii' 
II iili;,'lil  III  -IT  till'  <'iiiui'iit  "I    Mar  Kli  i...  ii|.|i.i>ili'  ti> 

Nvllll'll    Klijlll    IrtI    till'   llll|inllt    ..I    lll>    tM'llll'.l    li.nlv      ll>l     k 

nirk.      'I'lii'ir  IS  l.i'liiii  I    tins   I    iiiiiiiinl  t'lniii    mIihIi  y  hi 

ran  Mil  till'  Mi'ilili'ir.iiii'  III  mi  1 1 in'  itiilr  aii.|  tin-  1 1. 'ail 

Sra  llll  till'  nllirr  Ki'iiii  till' I 'iiiiM'iil  III  Klii-.  II  li'w 
jiai'i's  lii'iiii^lil  IIS  til  till'  W'l'll  iii'iii'  t.i  ulin  II  till-  .Mii!{i 
wi'it'  ri'|iiisiii;;  ulii'ii  llin  .Slai'  nl  lli'tlili'lii'tii  a|i|M'ii'i'i|  tn 
tlii'iii.      \N  r     iii'i'ivi"!     ill    ■li'i'iisali'iii    till'    saiiii'    iiii;lil, 

l|:l\  illX  lkl'i'.llll|ll|s|lr.|    III    IIii'IIKmI      Kltisllkl'l    iI'S     llialllll'r  Ik 

jmiiiii'V  wliii'li  is  MTy  iiiiiisiial  liir  tin'  U'lirraily  slnw 
|i,i.  iii){  |iil;;iiiiis  wli.i  Msit  till-  lliily  l.'ity. 

X.— Tt)  .i<ii;i»  \N'  ANi>  IK  \A/\i;i;iii 

'I'lIK  liilu'l'iiiis  I'm'  .Imilaii.  ill  a  iiiiiin'i..ii>  ami 
limllry  liainl  nriiiaiiy  llim|s,iiii|s  .if  nil  natimi^.  Ii.i\iii.j 
sl.ii'li-.|  I'liiiii  ."s|  Sli'|ilnii's  yali'  hmt  iIi.'  .Mmiiil  .if 
I  HiM's  tlii'mi'.;li  I'irlliaiiy,  laily  mi  tlir  |iii'\  Inis  ilav, 
«  illi  all  r-rmi  ..I' -.nliliiT^  iilnlii'  lln'  r..iiiiiialnl  nl'  tin' 
111. Mill. Il',  Wi'  |i-.i|mi|  liy  iinalis  III  iijays,  |iii\  i.m^iy 
II  raii;;i'i|  In  t'nljiiu  llii'iii  this  mm  iiiii;;  ami,  i-'iiil  raiy  In 
llll'  Usual  rmi|-si'  nf  travi'lli'i'x.  In  taki'llin  I'.hivi'IiI  nl 
St.  Salia  mi  mii'  way  ;   as  niir  |iiii'|hi-,i'  was  imt  t.i  ri'liirii 

li),'aiil     t"    ■li'I'ilsiili'lii,     lull    I.I  |i|'ni' I  iiiiwaiil    rrnlll  (In- 

J'.l'ilmi  In  .\ii/ari'tli,  ami  mi  li.iiiii'Uaiils  t.i  tin'  sna 
rniiHt.  So  WI'  nilili'  I  lilt  of  till'  Ximi  <  iati'  ami  i|n.\  n  llin 
stri'|i  \Miy  tn  till'  1 1,  ill.  nil  .if  till'  liill,  w  lii'ini'.  tiiiniii^'  In 
till'  liulil',  wi'  liilli'.l  ai  Kti  ltn','i'l,  m  till'  Wi'll  ..f  .l.ili. 
al  till'  jiiiiclinii  of  till'  N'alli'ys  of  llinmnii  ami  .lilm 
slijipii  it.llii'  I  ii'alily  nia  1 1  rlil  i'lii,  |.|is.i  xi.l  liy  ,|..,ij.lii|,, 
of  a  Ininiinlmis  nii'ili.|i  '..•  in  ||||.  rlnsi'  of  tin'  lllili 
of  r//iiili,  wlii'ii  llll-  |i'|.i'iisy  ntr'ii'k  liiiii  (1  Kiiii;s, 
\v.,  .'m  ".lii~t  as  I'z/.la'  w  IS  I'tili'i  in;,;  till'  Triiii'li',  tin- 
lillll.llli^  Hinl  I 'Illy  stirtt'il  asiiiiilri' ;  ||||.  Iii'iii  llaslii'ij 
llii'niii,'|i.  mill  llll'  Naliii'  niniiiniit  tin-  li'|ii'nsy  riislii'il 
ililo  till'  kiliu's  lai'i'  ;  till*  liill.s  aniiiiiij  li'll  till'  ulinrk, 
ami  a  iiii'liim  iai  nf  tlin  ciitsli  was  loni.'  |iri"<rrvi'il,  in  a 
lai'^i'  I'la^ini'iil  of  lln-  riH'k,  or  laii.|s|i|i,  wliirh,  mllini; 
iliiwii  Irnlii  llie  wcHli'i'ii  lull  (of  Ksil  ('miiisrl).  liliH'ki'iJ 
ii|i  till'  i'..y  il  uar.li'iiH  lict wi'i'ii  lliiit  lull  ami  llm  Mount 
of  I  MiM's,  al  llll'  jiimli. Ill  III  llll'  l\M.  valli'i-.  I.\  ijn' 
s|iiiiiy  of  I'.ii  l!.i(;i'i  "  Wi'  ii.nv  niaki-  Ini  llir  lnil  i,|  tlic 
Kiill'ili      ralli.j    li.aii    Ms    ili'i  iir-s,  ijir   Wail  i  ii   N.ir,  or 


PIVK   DAYS   AT   JFUf^SALFM 


»f 


\  alli'V  of  llll'  Slii'iini  of  Kin--  Ik  womlrifiil  >{"•■«''■  '''•'' 
li'inls   iliiw'ii    liy    Ik   li'iiu    ilisM'i'iil    tlirmi^li    |ir(ri|iiiiiiw, 

'M'i'liaiitjiiii;  t k^.  In  till'  riaiii  of  .liiirli..     \\'i<  umki'll, 

.■\.i'  ahtii').  iinl  liillir'ill  way.  t lii'(iii,'li  lancluU  riviin'», 
ami  nlii'iMii.'  unllii's.  ami  in  twii  Iniiii-s  ami  a  lialf, 
iM'fnri'   till'    siiii    wait    liHi    lii^li    ami    -■  ..nliiin}.  ii'inliril 

til iiivi'iit  <<(  Saiit.i  ,Siliii,      I'm  III  i|   ii|i    liiijli  ainniiK 

till'  links  as  II  a  |i..iliiiii  inliji'il  to  tin'  I'lillN-  Mitli 
••rAi'i's,  l.isl|.i|i.  wall-.  I'liill'i  II  mill  ilnmr  in  |ilrtliri'.si(lli' 
'knik\,  an  i'IiiIliIiIiiI  fmin-s  )>.iii'i-oiii'.|  liy  monks.  liV.r- 
lian;;ilii;  a  ilalk  aliyss.  wlinsi'  xnli'S  aii'  |.irlriil  uilli 
>  ikM  riis  ami  lirrmits  ri  IN  Inwii  in  tin' irnks  l.\  |iiiiiiN 
liiimls  m.w  iintiiiaiiiul  I  nl  liy  ni^lil  Ihi'iIn  or  tlin 
vnlliiii' ami  (In  iiiuli-,  i|iis  ronMlit  is  niii' of  ilir  nioNt 
ri'inarkalili'  liK'.ilitii-s  in  llir  Holy  l.iiml.  Tin'  W'lliii'l'- 
in"vs  mill   yiiiii    I'oi'ks   |  ii  m'IiI    hii   rxliani'iliiiary  sri'iir 

Irnlll   till-  rnliVl'lll    tl'ir.irr   lllllll'l'  llll'  tWii  Hijlimi'   Inwcn*. 

'I'lii'  l.iiililim.'s  I'iw   in  ti'i'iiin-H  ovi'i'|n|i|iinu'  larli  otlnT, 

I    In  till'    nioiiii'-ti'i'y  aliiiM'  iiri'rs.s    is   |iri  iiiiltiil  only 

lliiniii^li  H  low  iron  ijnni .  fi'oiii  wliirli  a  liaski'l  isli'lijown 
ami  llll'  Hliaiiu'ir  is  li.niliil  ii|i.  'I'n  |iilt,'i'ims  iIhi'i-  Ih 
aliiilsslon  to  ill'  l.iNM'i  Inwir  ii|i  Ik  laiMrr  ami  tlil'iill|{ll 
II  Invt  iloor  to  a  lal'Ul'  I'.Kini.  wliiln,  lor  Ullrsl-.  of  ilisl  int'- 
lloli,  II  siii.illi'i'  rlianilirl',  ami  .  I'lilali'.  |s  iillnlli'ij  ;  liiit 
In  ikll  Ik  kinill.v  ami  ni'ViT  liiilin^  lins|iiliilily  is  cxliiiili'il. 


INTIKIOH    Of    CUNVim,    »H»    t^tk. 

It  is  llll'  lirlii'st  I'niiM'lit    if  llir  M"l>    l.aml,   ami  -lainlii 
in   nri'ij   nl   llll'  u i  (.'"ariliii'-'  wliii'li   it  i'ii.|n\s.      U'o 

SIIW     till'   I  i  ml  In  nf  .''I.     .Slll.l    ami    till'     I. inn,     wlii'ii'    tin- 

Iiinii-  ami   h  is|iitalili' saint  iisi'il   to  Iim'.  ami  in  wlnrli, 

ri'liirniiii,'  Ian-  m Viliim^',    In'  fmiml  a  limi    liail  taki'li 

up  liis  .|iiai't<'r.s.  'I'mi  lin-|.italili'  In  iliivi'  liiiii  out,  tlio 
lii'riiiil  u'lvi'  llll'  Kin;.'  nl  Itiasls  a  rnrinr  nf  liix  icll, 
kinl  iIvmIi  llniial  aii;  I  iiiii' aln  I  w  nils  wil  li  liis  i.ti',inKf 
laylirnllii'i'.  II  ix  in-  lir.akl'.i-li 'I  lialnl-nlinlN .  wi' st.irli'il 
ili'wiililri'-li  Inn-.'-  rnr-lirnlm,  .Inw  ii  aiinvrr  ili'sii'inlinn 
I'lMil.  lliat  sii'iiii'.l  alimiKt  In  I'llsli  i|n»  Il  In  tin'  iliTp  ili" 
iiis.'.imi  of  llll'  l».a.|  S.'ii.  A'  soon  as  wr  Innl  narlicil 
111'    iHitloin    111    mil'    'li'l'    \  ill'\.    aimllnr  still   i|iT|s'r 

mil Icil— iiaki'.l     ami    lal.  im  .1    rniks     a    Iniriil    ii|i 

-ml      all    imliir Ii'solatioli '   tin-    wlioli'    laliiU'a|i« 

lii'ars  tlie  ariiii  iki*|ii'rl  ol"  mi  iiniiii'iise  I'.iiiviiUinii  ; 
mil  lii'liiw  us,  in  till'  lar  linri/mi,  sti'i'tcln's,  like  a  iiiiiior, 
'111'  wan  molinlilrss  siiifni'  nf  lln'  .\ri'illsi'.|  ."siii,  liiirieil 
miniii;-!  ilnaiy  iiml  silrnl  imky  lulls.  A  n  irmw  imiw 
II  llll'  loiks  fi'iil-  ill  :i  pill. ail.  ttlii'lni'  a  full  vii'W  of 
111' l»i,'.nl  Si'U  fiiiiiifinl  Innml  is  nlil  iiin'il.      Tin' .loiilmi 


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streams  along,  from  tlio  di.stanrp  in  n  loiijr,  apparpiitly 
iiiirrow,  line  of  trrfcn,  Hlicreajlaljiiit  issiiiidy  and  liarc, 
except  whrro  tlic  barley  harvest  of  tlie  plains  of  Jeru- 
salem ig  being  ijatlieivd  in  — for  we  liavo  ari'ived  just  at 
the  same  season  as  the  Israelites,  in  ••  barley  harvest;" 
(Joshua,  iv.,  I!),)  tiioii;;h  the  river  no  loni;er  overllows 
all  its  banks,  for  the  venerable  trees  and  thick  bushes 
in  th(!  ui)per  of  the  three  terraees,  throu;;!!  which  it 
Hows  at  this  .s|)ot,  show  that,  for  a  Ion;,'  time,  tlio 
river  has  not  filled  that  part  of  its  own  channel,  as  a 
current.  We  now  stand  betwein  the  .Mountains  ot 
Moab  and  the  mountain  ran;j;es  of  Palestine.  Judca, 
anil  Ejihraim;  the  "hills  about  Jerusaleiu."  down 
which  \\v  have  Just  come,  ri-in;,'  majestiially  from 
between.  J.'richo  may  be  s  •en  clcirly  below,  on  oiu' 
left,  with  its  wall  of  fa'_';,'ois  ofiu'tus,  anil  its  .stiag;;lini,' 
white  hou.M's,  iu  a  dark  ;;i  een  oasi.s.  made  bv  the  waters 
of  the  Aiu  Hajld,  (identilied  bv  liobinson  with  lictli 
Hoylah),  the  Wadi-kelt  orlirook  Cherith  (or  the  Cleft) 
and  the  Ain-es-Suliaii,  or  Konntain  oi  Klisha.  where  the 
prophet,  out  of  comjiassion,  made  the  bitter  waters  j 
sweet  (2  Kings,  ii.,  lU).  This  foinitain  rises  on  a  tell  I 
or  mamelon,  or  mound,  such  as  abound  in  Palestine,  ' 
near  large  cities.and  have  appMrcutly.  in  some  eases,  iieen 
raised  originally  for  ilelensive  purposes,  butare  in  others, 
as  is  well  known.  luere  heajs  ot'  ruin.  They  are  not, 
however,  always  artificial,  but  mounds  of  rock,  and,  as  in 
the  Ilauran,  even  extinct  volcinoes.  The  Witer  is 
trans))iirent.  sweet,  cool  and  ;iliundant,  having  in  it 
small  fish — a  very  rare  thingin  this  country,  e.«j)ecially  so 

near  the  Dead  Sc.i.      In  its  ueii^hboui  h 1  grows  a  tree, 

beaiini,'  fruit,  that  looks  like  an  apricot,  iicautiful  to  the 
eye,  but  nauseous  toihe  tii.ste,  and  .said  to  be  poisonous — 
in  fiict,  the  '•  bitter  apples."  Hereabotits  must  have  Iniii 
the  old  city  of  Jericho;  the  modem  viihige  of  Kididi.  or 
liiha,  is  but  a  collection  of  poor  (UvclliiiLrs  llereabout.s, 
also,  must  surely  have  stood  the  "City  ol  I'alin  trees," — 
the  key  to  Juihea  ;  for  here,  by  the  meeting  wateis  of  Kli- 
.slia's  FountaU]  and  the  olhei-  streams,  arc  woodv  thickets 
iinil  j)atclies  of  (i.ru  iiiid  melons,  that  still  wear  the  jilea- 
sant  semblance  ot  i/iinlens  Irom  where  we  are  staiaiiugj 
although   much  oft    e  spot  is  thorny  .shrubs,  where  the 

wild  boiir  hav'ts 1  the  lii i  Jndah  might  even  now 

find  a  fitting  lair  'i'herc  is  an  ancient  .siiuari  lower, 
the  rest  of  the  castle  is  in  ruins  ;  we  .shall  be 
down  there  speedily  to  refresh  our  hoises  ajiil  seek 
a  night's  shelter  for  ouisches.  TIr  Joiilan  I'ises  far 
north  ill  snowy  lleriNou,  flows  through  the  high  lake 
Meroiii,  and  running  down  uOU  feet,  pa.s.ses,  next,  right 


NABLOUS,    THE    ANCIENT    Sll    CHEM. 

tlinnigh  the  Sea  of  Tiberias,  and  out  of  it,  with  nn- 
associating  waters;  then,  comes  out  to  lo.se  itself— after 
.a  coin-se  of  sixty  miles —  the  hitter  part  throuyh  I  wcutv- 
seveii  rapidsand  a  lidl  of  l.tKMi  feet— in  the  head  .-^i-ii, 
which  alisorbs  it  for  ever  into  its  wilheiiug  bosoi"  'lliat 
dreary  lake  lies  fifteen  hundred  Icet  below  the  level 
of  the  Mediterranean  Sc:i,  iiiiil  at  the  northern  end  is 
1311(1,  at  the  southern  only  thiitcen  feet  below  tho 
surface  ;  the  shallow  pait  of  tlie  Sea  being  fifteen  miles 
ill  length,  and  .said  to  co\er  the  Plain  of  .-oilom  and 
the  submerged  cities.  At  this  end,  the  soiillieiu  and 
farthest  from  our  sight,  is  a  rid^i^  of  rock  silt,  but  a 
parly  of  the  artist<.  who  came  with  us,  have  ,>t;ii  ted  to 
uiaki!  [ihotogniplisof  Sodom  and  (loniorrali,  cities  which 
it  is  now  argued  vere  not  submerged  but  .Ictroyed  by 
lire.  .\L  lie  Saulcy  says  ho  found  them;  .M.  Van  der 
Velde  has  disp.it  ■(!  this  fiict  ;  but,  iiovertlieles.4,  it 
is  by  no  uii.'aus  impr.ibable,  and  we  believe  the  photo- 
graphs ,ire  uo,v  111  Kiiglaiid.  For  our.selvcs  uc  could 
not  make  tin;  ruins,  ioit  we  may  have  been  too  liuriied, 
and,  not  impossiliiy,  off  tli  ■  rigiit  track.  To  return  to 
Jericlu).  T'hciv  was,  yeirsago,  one  veuer.i  ih^  p.diil 
treo,  near  that  old  squaro  tower,  Imt  like  other  nujided 


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1HL  JOflDAN  LtAVINS    IHk  &fcA  U(    lltitHIAS. 


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Tfwiyrw*.' "  <'  »M  v^^'^m 


FIVE  DAYS  AT  JERUSALEM. 


61 


MOUNT   TABUR 

palm  trons  of  tli«  Holy  Laiiil.  tii.it  ono  lias  g.)ii(>,  tlio 
last  of  tliat  "  foiost  of  piliii  tri'L's,"  tor  which  tiii>  loca- 
lity was  (listiiiijiiishoil  Wu  must  not  altoiii'tlici-  ili's- 
pis(!  thosii  thoi'ii  hiishivs — oiii' df  th"m  is  the  Ziikksiii. 
aiul  boars  i  nut,  from  whicli  a  li(iuiil  balsiiii  i- 
inacle  by  the  monks  and  S'  .lin-s — the,  famous  '  liilio 
of  (rilcad."  Thu  vjsta  of  twelvo  miles  that  lies  o|icii- 
ed  befoi-o  US  in  the  spn-ail  of  the  valley  of  Jonlan, 
just  lieic,  is  the  locility  r>f  extrionlinary  scenes. 
Fro  u  Pisgali,  in  tin;  niouiitaiiis.  and  more  clcirly 
visihle  on  the  other  sidi'  (but  no  ono  knowctli 
where  Pisijih  is),  Mos(m  lookeil  down  on  the  I'roniised 
Land  and  saw  this  |>lain  and  this  v;illey,  then 
fortilo  as  tho  vallov  of  the  Nile.  Here,  on  the 
sjiot  where  tho  ])ili;rims  are  about  to  ciitcr,  the 
Jordan  rolled  back  Iwi  lay  miles.  Tho  river  had 
dried  up  Ir  m  north  to  south  (Josh,  iii  ,  10),  and  the 
luwt  of  Israel  came  out  of  tho  doop  ohannid,  (here  eight 
foot  deep),  and  jiitohed  their  tents  in  ino  dosort 
])lain.s.  They  had  seen  Jorioho  from  iilgal,  ^wliore 
l>ilgrims  .■^till  carry  their  childron  yearly  to  bo  cir- 
cumcised),   al)oiit    live    miles    from    the   ea>t<  in    bank, 


TIBEHUS. 
on  the  skirt  of  the  forest,  a  va^t  lirovo  of  majestic 
Jialnis,  about  three  miles  broad  and  eiirht  miles  loiif^, 
Above  the  trees  <ould  he  seen  Jciichu,  "  lii;.;h  and 
fonced  up  to  lieaM'ii  ;"  behind  it,  the  white  limestuiu' 
mountains  of  Jmlea,  in  which  the  .^pies  had  taken 
refiie;e  ;  just  as  the  hermits  did  in  the  nftcr  Christian 
pe"iod,  wlion  they  hewed  nut  ceils  in  that  hill,  now 
called  the  '•  QuMraulaiiia."  \.  hicli  they  ri'^ardi'd  as  the 
>ecneiif  till!  "iMU-ty  d,i_\>  l'a>lof  tlie'l  emptalion."'  Down 
that  |>;i<s  from  Jerltho  went  Hlijah  and  Klislia  to  tl.o 
Jordan  lianks,  and  smote  the  waters  and  divided  them, 
the  .sons  of  the  prophets  standinijon  ilie  terraces  to  see 
till!  great  prophet  ascend.  These  palm  groves,  now  no 
more,  were  given  by  Antony  to  L'leepatra  as  a  love- 
git'l  ;  and  HoiimI  the  (Jreat  firmed  tliiiii  foi-  liei, 
and  at'terwards  lioiight  them  tor  liim.--elf  and  built 
here  :i  sumptuous  palace,  and  died  heie,  stricken, 
in  his  piiile.  Our  1-ord  pa>M'il  through  hero  on  his 
last  jiiurney  to  .reriwalem,  and,  along  tlio  load  hy 
which  grew  the  Sycamore  Tree  ( [,uke,  .\i\.  I),  went  up 
iiiti.  the  wild  drcirv  nioiiniaiiis,  ,iiid  so  iip>  tlif?  long 
ascent  tow.ii'ds  the  t'ity,  pa^t  the  old  kli.in  or  inn  th.it 
now  marka  the  locality  of  the  I'aruble   of  the  Uood 

„->«"■'       ■-        ■       -;«?•    ■  ■~.S3i£i4>J3SISSI''-p-^»i  ■  ■  »«*<.,, 


^ -'''ijs*ii^€:^t.:M 


MOUNTS   EBAL   AND   GERI2IM. 


■  f 


.^siiL 


62 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD, 


T-  inaritiiii  (iiii  Kiij;1isli  tciivcllcr  wms  i-nlilicd  and  iiiur- 
(Icri'il  tl]i'i-c  ill  li'<-<l|.  iiiul  SI)  til  'lie  t'liciiilly  Inmsi'  uf 
Luziinis  iit  liilliiiiiy. 

Ni^lit  tiills,  anil   wf  III  ik  i'm-  ami  olitain  u  kiml  Imlg 
iiij;  IViiiM  tilt'  ('a|it,iin   of  t!ic   i;iiMril    in   tlii'  old    tiiwur. 
lliTi'Wi'   snatch   a    tew  limiis'    rijiusf,    wliicli    early   is 
lii'iikcii,  in  tliitdi'ail  wast  i' a  in  I  iniildli'iil'  tliriii^ht,  iiiTatlii'i' 
aliout  tliri'L' o'clork  in  tlu'  innriiin;;.  Uy  Imnl  slmuts  fVuiii 
till'  iii'ii^lilioiirini;  caiiip.       Lights  an'  (lashing  ahimt  and 
driiins  licati'ii.  and  tlii'ii  ciiiiii',  in  a  luiiglini', — all  carry- 
iiiglilazing  tiii'i-'hfs  uf  the  tiirjiciiliin',  —  the  |>ilgi'iiiis  wIid 
iinw  advaiKT  towards    the   .fonlaii   in  soli'iiin   siJeiH'c, 
till'  moon  shining  hriglitly  aliovc  thoir  heads.      Ik't'ori; 
reaching  th<i   sliori",  we   pereeivo  the   white    clitrs  and 
green   tliickets   on  e.ieli  hank,  just    where   the   (Irei.ks 
and   Armenians  liatlie.   wliieli    they    do   rushing   he- d- 
long,  men,  wonieii,  and  ehildreii,  in  one  iiiiilistiiii;nislied 
mass.     The  hanks  are   |iei|ieiii|ii'iilar,    and    the   stream 
Mows  strong  ;  and  is  ten   feet  ili'e|).  ,iiid  r.ither  miiddy. 
We  are  more  used  to  rivers,  and  wi-ely  prefer  a   lower 
-|Mit,  wliieh  the  Latin  pilgrims  use,  ami  wliieli  our  artist 
lias  sketehed  (see  p.ige   4'J),    where   the    lieii-h    on   one 
side   is   low.      You   will    see   fathers    and    mother.s,  de- 
liglileilly,  hathing  their  ehildreii,   th.it  they  may  enjoy 
till'  advantages  of  a  pili/riin  ige  without  the  toil.    There  is 
little  iioi.se  and  slioiitiiiu',  though  much  haste  and  tuniiilt- 
uousne.ss,  hut  at   the  .siiiiie    time,   no     indeeorons    eon 
duct.    The  liath  is  delightful,  and  the  intermixture   of 
the  reeds,    wild   vine  ,    and    climliing    plants,    imparts 
miR'li  heauty  of  eontriuit.      Copts,   (ireeks,   Ainienians, 
Catholics,   I'rotestants,    from  Aliyssinia,     Kgypt.    Asia, 
Turkey,  Greece,  Malta,  Italy,   France,  Spain,    Austria, 
I'oland,     Prussia,     Kussia,     (treat     IJiitaiu,     America, 
and   all   Christian  lands  ;  even  Cossacks  from  'I'aitary, 
and  Xcgnies  from  Aliyssinia,  weie  tliroiigiiig  along  the 
shores.       The  forest  of  thorns    was  .ill  alive    with  them. 
All  lirought  hack  sonic  uiemorial  I'rom  the  banks — long 
liranches  of  the  .Jordan  willow  ;  some  even  carry  uway 
trunks  of  trees,  loaded  on  their  a.s,se,s,  horses  and  niulos, 
as  a  store  from  which  to  cut  out  relics  for  jimtitalile  ,sale 
at  a  distance.    All,  on  their  return,  were  engaged  in  sing- 
ing hymns,  the  eonfused  ,souiid  of  which   from  so  great 
.1  iiniltilude,  when  liariiionised  into  one  sonorous  linm  or 
tiiiiii|ict  murniur  liy  theellect  ofdistanco.  had  a  surpris- 
ing ert'eet.      At  the  camp  are  a  large   hody     'f  'J'urkish 
pilgrims,  it   is  the    time    of  their    Moslem    pilgrimage 
lo  N'ehi.Monssiin,  the  siijiposcd   tomh  of  Moses,  which 
lies  in  the  vicinity  :  matters  hciiig  so  politi'ally  arranged 
that,   to   guard  against   the  capture   of  the    Holy   City 
liy   Christian    pilgrims   ninstered  every  yeai    at    I'ilster, 
a  similar  pilgrimage  ol  Turks  is  convoked  for  the  same 
time;   and  Nehi-.Moiissim,   or   the   'I'onili   of  Moses,    a 
small  hillock  near  Jericho,  is  one  of  their   important 
shrines,'  | 

A  short  distance  aliove  the  Dead  Sea  the  .Jordan  is  , 
40  yanks  wide,  and  1:!  tcet  deep  ;  then  •)0  yards  wide, 
and  1  I  feet  deep  ;  then  NO  yards  wide,  and  7  feet  deep; 
and,  finally,  ItlO  yai-ds  wide  ami  only  .">  feet  deep  at 
ihcliar,  liy  its  entrance.  We  pnived  the  luioyaiicy  of  the 
Dead  Sen  hy  attempting   to  sink   in   it,  hut  tbund  the 


'  Villi  Ki.'iiiiiiit  sjH'iiks  111  tliis  tcMiili  US  (if  a  mill,  rii  Miiii^iihiiiin 
Saint,  lint  tlii'|)ii'lix  i<(  Se\n  (rreplu'l)  to  .Mcuism  (Moses),  Ciiiioii 
Stiiiili'v  riiiiiirks,  is  iii'urlv  I'lnicliisiM'  in  liivdiir  uC  its  licii.n 
ilitcniU'il  liir  tlie  ltiivc  of  .Muses.  Siirli  is  the  i  [i  niiin  also  uf 
.li'liil-cdiliii  Siliwiiiiz  ili'sirilii's  II  Ki'lior  Mu.slii'li,  or  Musrs' 
(Srave,  MUiili  nf  Minus,  wlicii  il  is  wrll  liniiwii,  tin'  Itiililii  iiilils, 
thnt  till'  si'|iiili-liri'  of  lliis  liiily  iiiiiii  it  east  iif  llu'  .liinlun  (l)ciil. 
xxxiv.,  (i). 


water  very  buoyant,  and,  at  the  sunie  time,  extremely 
bitter,  and  far  salter  than  that  of  the  ocean.  !  t  acts  like 
alum  upon  the  tongue,  smarts  likccamphur  when  .-ipplied 
to  the  I'yi'n,  and  stiti'ens  the  hair  like  cerate.  Jler(! 
are  no  lisli,  nor  did  wc  see  any  birds,  and  an  nniiaturiil 
gloom  hangs  over  the  sea  and  over  the  plain.  One 
analysis  of  the  waier  shows  chloiide  of  sodium,  ti  : 
of  potassium,  1  ;  of  calcium,  .'i.  Aiiotlier  siiys,  diloride 
of  I'alciiim,  2,j  ;  of  inagm'siiini,  10,4  ',  of  jiota.ssinni,  li  ; 
of  sodium,  0,j.  The  specific  gravity  is  as  ll'OO  to 
distilleil  water  at  1000  ;  but  this  varies,  ;is  do  also  the 
j  amount  of  saline  substances  according  to  tlie  time  or 
I  place  at  which  tlie  water  may  be  taken.  We  made  tlie 
;  best  of  our  way  up  the  Valley  of  ihe  Jon  an,  but  fbuiid 
the  attempt  to  reach  Jerusalem  in  that  direction  would 
be  fruitless  ;  so  we  at  once  ha.steiied  back  with  the  pil- 
grims, now  ill  advanci — who  iialted,  liiiwi\er,  at  the 
castle, —  ilia  long  jiicturesque  line  towards  Jeru.saleiii. 
This,  liy  taking  up  again  the  relay  of  horses  wc  liad  left 
at  .Mar  Saba,  we  were  enaliled  to  do  before  the  evening 
fell. 

Next  morning,  at  day-break,  we  started  on  the  usual 
route  out  of  the  Damascus  (bite  to  Nabliis,  and  soon 
cleared  the  hills  and  rucks  that  skirt  the  city,  and  entered 
on  the  riairi  of  .Iczrccl,  or  Ksdraelon,  Kl  liireli,  or  the 
Well,  the  ancient  liecroth,  is  the  first  halting  place  of 
caravans  on  tliis  route.  One  day  a  band  of  pious  ]iilgrims 
were  returning  to  Nazareth,  after  otl'cii''^'  their  bumble 
sacrifices  at  the  'J'eiii]ile.  On  their  reaching  this 
fbuntain,  when  the  scattered  caravan  joined  u|>  to  halt, 
a  mother  and  her  husband  perceived  with  great  tei  ror 
that  their  only  child  was  not  with  them.  J)evoured 
with  anxiety,  they  retraced  their  steps  i  'Wards  Jeru- 
.saleiii, iiii|uiriiig  everywhere  on  the  way  for  their  little 
son.  and  loiind  him  in  the  Jloly  City,  in  the  Tcniiile, 
in  the  midst  of  the  doctors  or  teachers  of  the  law.  A 
little  chapel  was  built  licie  to  coiumenioratc  the  \'  irgin's 
anxiety,  'i'lic  path  winds  through  an  iiiievi'ii  valley, 
covered  with  bare  spots  of  rock.  A  little  to  the  east 
are  some  blocks  of  stone,  recording  how  Jacob  had  bis 
ilreain  on  this  spot.  'ibis  is  all  that  rcniain  of 
Bethel,  leaving  it  just  what  it  was  when  the  wanderer 
"  who  went  out  from  Heerslicba  "  sle|)t  on  the  brown 
bare  rocks,  and  tlie  beaten  thoriiughtiire,  and  erected  the 
stone  which  had  been  his  pillow,  in  iiieiiiorial  of  his 
dn  1111.  ]n  the  valley  below  was  the  "  Oak  of  Tears," 
ill  r  where  Deliorah,  the  iiui'se  of  Jacob,  wa.s  buried 
((ieii.,  XXXV.,  O-M).  Yet  here,  at  I.uz,  as  it  was 
then  called,-  was  the  place  of  council  —  the  Wit 
teiiagemote — of  tile  old  Canaaiiites.  This  jilace  small 
as  it  was.  held  out  against  Ijciijamin,  until  the  .strong 
family  of  Jiise|ili  captured  it  by  storm,  and  made  it  their 
own  (Judges,  i.,  '2'2'2ii}.  The  Jews  then  a.sscmbled  liere 
in  the  llou.se  of  (iod.  lieth-el.  Next.  Jeroboam  built  a 
Teni|>le,  which  Josiah  destroyed;  the  old  Canaanitish 
relish  tiir  idols  hovered  over  thespot ;  and  Jeroboam  him- 
self, while  in  this  Temple,  liy  the  altar  which  stood  before 
the  (bildeii  Calf,  was  confoiiiidcd  by  the  terrible  deliuii- 
ciation  of  the  Man  of  Cod  from  Judali(l  Kings,  xiii.,  1). 
Thence  it  was  calh'd  Uelhaneii,  the  House  of  Idols, 
which  Josiah  destroyed,  with  all  its  groves,  and  Aliaz 
and  llo.sea  jironounced  their  emphatic  curses  u])on  the 
spot.      It  now  bears  tlie  mark  of  their  iiucoinplishiiieut. 


Till'  riiiiis  at  Bcitin  nnd  notln'l  iiccnjiv  tlip  whole  siirfin'i'  of 
till'  liill|iiiinl  mill  cnvi'i'  ii  sjnu'e  nf  tline  or  liiiir  acrrs.  Tliry 
I'liiisist  of  very  iniiiiy  roumliitions  and  liiilf  iitiinilin^'  uiills  iif 
cliuri'lu'ii,  tiitvors,  uiul  otlh.'r  laiililiii^is. 


FIVE  DATS  AT  JERUSALKM. 


M 


The  hilla  of  the  main  road  from  Jfirtwalem  are  pisseil, 
and  wo  descend  into  a  wi(l(>  Htretchins;  plain,  full 
of  crowing  wheat,  or  harli'v  heinf;  harvested,  with 
here  and  there  an  olive  grove  peeping  from  tiie  midst 
of  the  waving  ma.vs.  Beyond  us,  to  the  right,  lies  the 
'jnowy  brow  of  Mount  Hermon.  The  crests  of 
Mounts  Oeriziin  and  Ebal  warn  us  of  our  a])proach 
'o  Nahlus,  the  ancient  Sichem  or  Shechem.  The  Samari- 
tans claim  that  it  -tas  here  Melchise<lek  met  Alirahiim, 
and  that  on  Mount  Gerizim,  and  not  on  Moriah,  was 
Isiuic  offered  in  sacrifice  by  Abraham.  We  are  in  the 
Vale  of  Shechem,  a  valley  green  with  gniss,  grey  with 
olives  in  the  gardens  sloping  down  on  each  side,  with 
fresh  springs  running  in  all  directions.  Here  was  the 
first  halting-place  of  Abraham,  and  lirre,  at  Aforiah,  In; 
built  the  first  altar  of  t  3  Holy  Laud.  Here  was  the 
first  settleineii'  of  Jacob;  the  fii'st  eajiital  of  the  con- 
quest; upon  Mount  Gcrisim  wsa  the  blessing  pronoanoed, 
apou  Mount  Ebal  the  curse  (Deuteronomy,  xi.,  29-30). ' 

There  was  a  famous  temple  here,  241  feet  from  east 
to  west,  and  255  feet  from  north  to  south.  The  stones 
lire  bevelled  after  the  ancient,  f  shion.  The  temple  was 
destroyer!  130  years  before  Christ,  but  they  persevere, 
even  to  this  very  day,  in  "worshipping  the  Father" 
on  this  very  spot.  The  i)lace  is  a  singular  one  ;  tlu; 
.streets  are  dark  and  vaulted,  and  the  brooks  rush 
uncovered  over  tlieir  pavements  iu  wet  weather, 
threatening  to  sweep  aw.iy  the  passers  by.  The 
houses  have  gardens,  and  thi^  mulberry,  orange,  pome- 
gninate,  and  fruit  trees,  load  the  air  with  (h'licious 
perfumes.  Here  are  nightingales  and  hundreds  of 
other  birds,  an  1  the  valley — foi-  the  city  lies  right 
iicross  between  two  j)rodigious  masses  of  high  nioun- 
tiiius — is  excessively  picturesque.  .Mount  Kbal  is  on 
the  north,  Gerizim  on  the  south,  ami  tiie  city 
between.  This  was  the  locality  of  Abimelech's  murder 
of  his  brothers,  8echem  was  the  government  seat  of  old 
(!aniian,  an<l  it  was  e.isy  to  get  up  an  insurrection 
there  against  the  comjuerors.  From  Mount  (Jerizim 
Jolham  addre-ssed  his  famous  parable  to  the  people 
(Judges,  ix.,  7),  and  you  can  see  that  from  his  position 
he  would  have  time  to  escape  before  ho  could  bo 
reached  <m  the  overhanging  mountiiin.  It  was  on 
Kbal  an<l  on  Gerizim  that  .Mo.se.s,  by  the  Lord's  com- 
mand, placed  "the  blessings  and  the  curses"  (Deu- 
teronomy, xxvii.,  4,  8  ;  Jo.shiia,  '  iii.,  ;j(),  ,']J). 

At  the  mouth  of  the  valley  we  see,  on  oiu?  side,  the 
white  cupola  of  a  Mu.sstilman  Chapel  — that  is  the 
"Tomb  of  Jo.seph" — that  is  "the  parcel  of  ground" 
left  to  him  by  Jacob  on  his  death-bed  ((}en(wis,  xlviii., 
22,  as  carried  out  in  Joshua,  xxiv.,  32),  A  remarkable 
point  is  noticeable  in  this  will  of  Jacob's,  as,  according 
to  it,  the  distribution  ot  prop»>rty  used  to  be  regulated. 
What  he  inherited,  no  man  thought  his  own,  but  for 
lili>,  and  therefore  suffered  it  always  to  go  in  the 
fair  order  of  his  generation ;  but  what  ho  h,id  earned, 
or  himself  obtained  t)r  tulded — "  which  I  took  out  of 
(he  hand  of  the  Amorite  with  my  sword  and  my 
bow" — that  the  patriarch  considered  himself  entitled 

'  "  1 11  tlicir  liuinblo  syiin(?ogues,  at  the  foot  iif  the  inounta'.n,"  sii.vs 
Canon  Stanley,  the  iiinst  pcilertaml  juilieiims,  aswoll  as  tin' most 
pii'turesqiie  writiT  of  all  tlia  travellers  in  the  Hnly  Ijaiul,  "  the 
.><aiimritaii»  still  worship — the  oldest  ami  the  smallest  sect  in  the 
worlil,  distiiitfiiisheil  h\  their  iiohle  jiliysiognomy  ami  stately  appcar- 
rmee  from  all  other  Imiiiches  of  the  House  of  Israel.  In  their 
prostrations  at  the  elevation  of  their  revised  eopy  of  the  I'enta- 
teiich,  th?y  throw  themselves  oil  tlieir  faces  in  the  direction,  not 
of  priest,  or  town,  or  any  object  within  the  building,  but.  obliquely, 


to  give  as  a  special  gift  to  his  fiivntirite  son ;  the  rest  he 
equitably  distributed.^  On  the  other  side  are  u  few 
broken  stone.s,  where  was  the  well  sunk  by  "  our  father 
Jacob,"  "to  give  drink  thi'i'eof  to  himself,  his  children, 
and  his  catth'"  (John  iv.  12).  "  Jacob's  WeU"  is  the 
undisputed  scene  of  Our  Lord's  conversation  with  the 
Woman  of  Samaria.  He  halteil,  as  we  and  all  travellers 
do,  at  this  well  ;  his  di.sciples  Wert  up  the  city  ;  aiid 
down  the  gorge,  from  it,  came  cho  woman,  as  do  all 
women  in  the  Kant,  to  the  well  to  draw  water.  The 
s,ame  7nountain,  Gerizim,  looked  down  upon  that  con- 
versati.)n,  and  the  same  fields  of  waving  corn  sur- 
rounded them  ,is  they  t.dked. 

Six  miles  from  Shechem,  along  the  valley,  in  a  wide 
basin,  rises  a  steep  hill,  a  jiosition  une(|ualled  for 
.strength,  beauty,  and  fertility.  This  is  the  hill  of  Samaria, 
looking  over  the  I'lain  of  Sharon,  and  the  Mediterranean 
Sea  to  the  wi'st,  and  up  the  green  Valley  of  Shechem, 
to  the  Kast  It  was  the  capital  of  the  Kings  of  Israel,  and 
■second  only  ti>  .lerusalem.  Here  is  a  grand  gothic  ruin, 
till!  church  of  the  beheading  aiul  grave  of  .St.  John  the 
Ba])tist,  and  a  second  "Holy  Sepulchre.'  It  is  now  a 
mostpie,  and  carefully  guanlecl  by  the  jieople  of  Sebaste 
(the  modem  appellation  of  the  town).  Then!  is  a  broken 
reserToir,  wliioh  thej  tell  as  was  the  pool  in  which  the 
chariot  of  Aliab  was  washed,  which  had  brought  up  the 
dying  king  from  the  Talley  of  the  Jordan  after  the  fatal 
fight  of  Rauioth-Oilead.  (Stanley's  Palettine.)  (1  Kings, 
xxii.,  38.)  The  martyr  has  a  tomb,  and  his  memory  is 
revered;  but  of  the  proud  Herod,  of  his  palace  and  his 
terraces,  his  sinnptuous  halls,  and  his  feasts  and  dances, 
nothing  rem.iius,  but  a  few  broken  jjillars  on  the  hill. 
All  nature  smiles  around,  as  she  then  smiled;  groves  of 
trees,  of  corn  and  olives,  rise  iu  the  valley,  and  up  the 
hill  sides;  but  the  plough  passes  over  the  King's  palace 
every  .season,  and  the  peasimt  who  drives  it  knows  not 
the  very  name  of  Herod. 

Over  the  mountains  of  Manasseh  and  into  the 
Plain  of  KsdiMchin,  after  a  night's  halt,  we  hast- 
en,   across  Galilee,  leaving  'L.uor,    or    the   Mountain 


towards  the  E.iatern  summit  of  Mount  tierizini ;  in  the  far  back 
histories  of  the  inyslerions  ohi  time,  the  actual  presence  ol  God  on 
.M'luiit  (ieiiziin  is  stated."  An  American  traveller  says,  "The 
hrotliei'  of  my  host  was  p^rticilarly  fond  of  talking  aljout  them. 
He  was  very  old  and  the  most  deformed  man  I  ever  saw,  who  lived 
to  a  (jrciit  age.  He  seemeil  to  think  there  were  many  Samaritans 
in  Kngland  and  America,  and  told  me  to  tell  them,  wherever  I 
found  them,  thai  they  helieved  in  one  (iod  Omnipotent  and 
Kternal,  llie  live  hooks  of  Moses,  and  a  future  Messiah,  and  the 
day  of  tiie  Messiah's  coming  to  he  near  i>'.  iiiind  ;  that  they  prac- 
tised eircumeiiion ;  went  three  times  a-year  up  to  .Mount  (ierizim, 
•the  everlasting  mountain,'  to  worship  and  oll'er  saeriliee;  and 
once  a-year  pitched  their  tents  and  left  their  virgins  alone  on 
the  Mount  for  seven  days,  ex|Kcting  that  one  of  them  should 
conceive  and  hear  a  son,  who  should  lie  the  Messiah;  that  they 
allowed  two  wives,  and,  in  case  of  barrenness,  four;  that  the 
women  were  not  permitted  to  enter  the  synagogue,  except  once  a 
year,  during  fast,  hut  on  no  aceiaint  were  they  siiU'ercd  to 
touch  the  saered  scroll;  and  that,  although  the  Jews  and 
Samaritans  had  dealings  in  the  market-place,  Ac,  they  hated  each 
otlier  now,  as  mncli  as  their  f  ithers  did  hcfore  them.  I  asked  about 
Jacob's  Well:  he  said  he  knew  the  place,  and  that  he  knew 
Our  Saviour,  or  J.'sus  Cliriit,  as  he  tiimiliarly  called  him,  very 
well;  he  was  .loseoh  the  ciuiK-nter's  son,  of  Nazareth;  hut  that 
ihe  story  which  the  Clnis'ians  had  ahout  the  woman  at  the  well 
was  alia  fiction  ;  that  (Jlris  lid  not  convert  her,  bu,.  that,  on 
the  eontraty,  she  langlutl  ai.  -im,  anil  even  rclnsed  to  give  him 
water  to  drink." 

'  The  eipleration  of  the  tomb  of  Joseph  at  Shechem,  the 
stone  set  up  l-.y  J oslma  at  the  same  place  to  perpetuate  the  law 
of  Sine,  and  a  description  of  the  ruins  on  Mount  Gcri/.im  and 
Mount  Khal,  are  still  desiderata. 


■}  ill 


i\ 


m 


1  '! 
i'l 

!:l 


ei 


ALL  ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


of  till!  Traiislijjiiriition,  jfreon  to  its  ycry  siininiit,  nnd 
towcriiif,'  in  the  iirospcct  like  a  doiiic,  its  if  isolated 
ill  the  iiKHiiit.iin  niii^'c,  on  our  ri;;ht.  Ciiiiiiel,  for 
eighteen  miles,  is  on  onr  left,  stretching  towards  the 
se:i.  all  verdiint  to  its  top  with  groves  and  glades,  like 
T.ilior.  (iillioaall  hare,  and  little  Hernioii,  we  liave  left 
behind.  Wo  dhw  enter  the  Valley  of  Nazareth  from 
tlio  liroader  Valley  of.lezreel,  or  Ksdraeloii.  Nazivretli, 
the  dwelling  place  of  I  hir  Lord,  is  Imilt  on  the  steep 
slope  of  a  hill,  as  will  lie  seen  from  onr  illnntration,  and 
flfti'eii  gently-rounded  green  hills  form  a  liariier  round 
the  lieautifiil  lields  al)oiiiiding  in  liright  tlowci's,  fig 
trees,  ami  hedged  gardens,  in  the  midst  of  which  sits 
Naaiieth  like  a  rose,  with  the  mountains  for  its  leaves, 
aeiordiiig  to  the  poetic  image  of  an  olil  topo^rajiher, 
Qnaresmiiis.  InnnmeraMe  tiles  of  cattle  and  black 
goats  may  he  seen  winding  towards  it,  and  under  a 
large  pomegranate  tret'.  On  the  way  towards  Saphorah 
(Sephorieh)  the  tra<litional  residence  of  the  Virgin's 
parents,  may  bo  seen  a  |>arty  of  women  and  girls,  with 
regnlir  and  delie  i'  features,  dancing  under  a  pome- 
granale  tree.  Weai-e  now  at  the  very  source  and  first 
spring  of  Cliri-itianity.  Here  for  thirty  years  resided 
tiie  Saviour  of  mankind  :  "The  word  was  made  flesh 
and  dwelt  among  us"  At  the  north  west  end  of  tlie 
town,  we  enciim|)ed  by  a  well,  whicli  is  called  the 
"  Spring  of  the  Annunciation,'"  where,  .says  the  early 
Greek  tradition,  tlw  Angol  saluted  Mary  as  she  went 
to  it,  as  we  see  her  countrywomen  now  coming  with 
their  jars  and  their  skins,  to  draw  water.  Dismounting 
from  onr  horses,  we  |iidited  to  look  at  ''The  Mount  of 
I'recipiialion"  (l.nke,  iv  ,  1),  the  brow  of  the  liill  on 
the  .slope  of  which  the  town  is  built.  This  is  just  above 
the  Maronite  Convent,  at  tlie  .south  west  corner  of  tlic 
town,  'Jhewcnieii  liere  arevi  ry  ]irclty  :  nordidwe  notice 
that  boldness  in  their  looks  which  made  a  reverend 
American  jmt  the  ipicstion  to  himself  over  again  that 


riiilip  once  put  to  Nathaniel,  'Tan  any  p(«>d  conio 
out  of  Nawireth?" 

The  (Jhiirch  of  tlie  Annunciation,  within,  is  very 
haiidsoine,  and  witlioiit  is  very  strongly  guarded. 
We  leave  the  Convent  walls,  and  by  a  (light  of  steps 
descend  to  an  altar,  witli  a  rece.ss  cut  in  the  solid  rock, 
but  cased  in  marble,  where  tli<'  Angel  addressed  the 
Virgin  ;  under  that  is  an  inscription,  "  \'eibnni  caro  hie 
factnniest:"  "Here  the  word  was  made  llcsli."  A  broken 
column,  hanging  from  its  capital  in  the  roof  designates 
the  ]ilace  where  tiie  Angel  stood,  lielow  the  altar  is 
the  liouse  of  Josejih  and  IMary, — that  cave,  the  kitchen, 
keeping  roomand  bedroom.  The  Ilousethal  niiracnloii'.ly 
transjiorted  itself  from  tliisspot  to  l.oretto,  is  said,  here, 
l-iliave  iH'eii  the  other  half  of  the  lu^ly  dwelling,  (lose 
by,  however,  t\w  "Woikshopof  Joseph"  isleft  us,  though 
in  a  very  difl'erent  style  of  architecture  anil  nialeiial  ; 
there  isal.so,  the  little  Synagogue  whi"'(,'hiist,  by  read- 
ing the  book  of  Jsaiali,  and  applyini;  the  passages  to 
him.self,  exasperated  his  towiisnieii  to  thrust  him  out  of 
their  city.  It  may  not  he  generally  known.  ]ieilia]i.s, 
that  Pope  Sixtus  V.  Ii:id  actually  negotiated  a  treaty 
with  the  Sublime  I'orte,  to  jmrchase  the  Holy 
Sepulchre,  and  convey  it  bodily  to  Itome,  with  the  sur- 
rounding shrines,  so  that  Chri.steiidom  might  ]io.s.sess 
tlu!  actual  sites  of  the  Conception,  IJirtli,  and  Jlurial  ot 
our  Saviour. 

We  were  strongly  temjited  to  continue  our  tour, 
and  visit  Cana,  Nain.  and  Tiberias  ;  but  an  intimation 
of  the  steamer's  dei>arturt!  drew  us  once  more  from  the 
Sacred  Piust  into  the  regions  of  the  bu.sy  present  ;  and 
diverging  to  the  left,  from  Naziiretli,  we  worked  our 
way  on  to  Caitiii,  and  thence  to  Jali'a,  where  we  re- 
einbarked,  thus  concluding  our  seven  day.s'  journey 
in  the  Holy  Land,  out  of  which  we  had  spent 

FivB  Days  at  Jeritiale.m. 


taThiaionc. 


jBETHLEHEM. 


:m 


! 


I::i 


<fi: 


SICILY    AS    IT    IS. 


I— IN   AND  ABOUT    PALERMO. 

The  triuirijiliiil  Piiti-mcc  <<(  (Jaribiilili   iiitn  Nii| 
Imviiift  rflciisc.l  u.sJVom  tlic  rlmi'«c  cif iittniilin;,'  liis  vie-     (-.^i,.  j,,;^^  \v1m>  tkst'iiiat.Ml  nil  At! 


toi'iKiis  i-iirt'tT,  w 


hicii 


<\\t 


lllVC    ilCCdllllUlIIK'l 


The  lovely  liiiy  is  oiglit  mill's  broail.  Ti>  the  west  it  is 

cliist'd  Ijy  Mount  Pi'llc^rino,  wliciv  (inco  wiis  llycnirii, 

ici.is,  who  dill   littli!  clsr,   broii^dit  iiwav  tin- 

i    the 


v\v 


N 


icns,  anil  siilurfi 


«!•< 


It    I'i 


rriclcs    to   lisi 


stoii    mill   ailniiri'. 


Thi'    KastiTU 


hiNiilianil  is  NFimnt  Catallano  - —  the  ancient  Solus 
or  Siilunlnni,  anil  at  thi;  toot  of  wliicli  is  a  small 
])ort,  with  a  tort  calliMl  (Ja.-tulli  ili  Solanlo.  Tho 
Marina,  the  loveliest  riile,  walk,  or  ilrive  in  Kurojie, 
opiMi  to  tho  sea.  anil  fjuardeil  only  by  a  dwarf  wall, 
with  flaj{ij!ed  iiaveaiint  tor  ]ieilestrians,  is  a  hroail  road, 
alon^'  .\liiih.  mi  the  other  side,  are  the  ]ialaces  of  the 
nol  .iity.  Kven  now.  there  is  a  proi'ession  of  carriages — 
every  one  rides  in  i'ldermo— and  a  Imnd,  whose  ninsic 
f'roinal)o\e  floats  softened  over  the  sea.  \\'e  iiave  very 
little  trouble  in  landin;,'.  and  as  for  the  Custoni  House 
that  used  to  bo  .so  vexatious,  "we"  and  Oaribaldi, 
nous  iiVdHs  (:/iiin;ie  l(i(U  ri/(i.  Karewell,  for  a  while  at 
liny  rate,  to  olliiial  extol!  ion  in  >^ieily.  We  hasten  to 
the  Vntoria  Hotel,  on  the  L'|i|ier  .Marina,  where  we 
"  ;^reatly  darin;^  dine;"  and  then,  out  to  enjoy  tlie 
eveninj;  franranee  of  the  oran{,'e  groves  and  the  amphi- 
theatro  of  lij^hts  round  the  bay.  and  the  bu.sy,  bustling 
siiMie  of  the  Marine  Promenade.  'J'he  sweet  silvery 
bells  chiuie  out  here  for  vespers  —  i^ieilian  vespers! 
It  is  oTily  half  a  mile  from  liei'o  to  the  Cliureh  of  San 
Spirito,  in  a  field  by  which  took  place  that  famous 
on  .so    huge    a    scale,-'    that    set    jieoplo 


his  landinj,'  in  Marsala  and  ilinnif;  his  progress  across 
Sicily  to  I'alern.  >,  we  arc  enalded  to  turn  to  that 
i.slanil  which  is  n.w  likely  to  assume  a  very  interesting 
iiosition  111  Hurope:iii  affairs,  and  I'oiMjplete  our  kiiow- 
ledgo  of  its  pre.sent  condition  and  the  ]iros|iects  of  its 
possible  future,  by  a  tour  coiiipletely  round  and  across 
it.  This  is  no  very  ditlicult  task  apparently,  for  the 
whole  island  is  only  •'iiio  miles  in  cin  umfereiice,  L'Jit 
miles  in  hngth,  and  l.'iO  miles  in  lireadth  ;  but  there 
are  ,W0  cities,  altliouj,'li  there  are  only  two  post  roads 
and  one  stage-coach  !  Palermo  is  reached  in  the 
steam  boat  from  Na|ilcs  in  sixteen  hours.  This  ancient 
City'  stands  on  the  margin  of  its  bfautiful  bay.  in  a 
wide  rich  valley,  backed  by  an  extensive  plain,  and  sur- 
rounded by  a  grand  amphithealieof  iiioiinta  ns.  verdant 
to  tlieir  sumiuits,aiiilof  a  varied  and  pictures  lue  outline. 
It  looks  down  smiling  upon  dark  blue  waves,  while 
around  it  the  palm,  the  orani;e  tree,  the  tig,  the  olive 
and  the  vine,  cheered  by  the  brightest  sun  and  re- 
freshed by  cool  breezes,  shed  lorth  their  vcidure,  and 
fringe  tho  shell  of  gold, — tho  Conea  d'Oro,  — tor  .so  the 
plain  is  called  —  that  contains  "  i'alermo  the  Jieautiful," 
a.s  if  within  a  ♦ramo.  The  town  has  an  eastern  appear-  a.ssassination 
aiico  ;  white  and  sipiare  houses  with  flat  roofs.  Wo 
could  fancy  tho  Saracens  were  again  in  possession  of  the 

place,   and    that    the    gongs    .sounding  so  loudly    wore     secoiiil  stnry  in  the  lliiili  Street,  he  saw  a  imlty  mm  ttml  fell  in 
intended  to  call  tho  .Moslems  to  their  prayers.-  Icive  wiili  licr.     l.nw  liiii;;lis  at  lncksinillis  so  tlu'  imii  g'lt  mit  of 

her    winditw  at  iii^lit,  anil  wasf  just  stt-jipiiii;  oil'  tlie  r')|n.'-liiililt'r 

I  iiitiitlie  arms  Dt'lierlnviT.wlu'ii  a  tViiir, n'turiuii;;liiti'  to  liisconVL-iit, 

discoviT.'il  her,  i'lic  pnwiT  nl'  till'  ('liarcli  iii  tlmsi'  ilays  (it  was  in 
till'  same  year  that  KL;l»'rl  Wiiscriivvnel  Kin;;  of  lin^laml,)  wimr.ot 
to  I'l'  Iritli'd  with  even  In  Ity/.antine  lienerals;  so  KiiplieiiilUH  Wiis 
sciitenceil  to  lie  |Io^'l,m1  tlinin^'li  the  streets,  tin' linn  lieiii;;  coin- 
pelled  to  stiUiil  at  lier  (,'r.iliii);  anil  witness  tlie  ili  ^^railiition  ot  lier 
lover,  lint  liy  tlie  aiil  of  some  of  liis  lillmv  ntlii'irs,  lie  veiitureil 
upon  a  most  lia/.inlons  cseiipe.  Tlie  keep,  r  of  liis  |irisou  wsu 
poisiiieil  lielbie  iiiiilni^lit  anil  the  keys  olitaliieil;  he  tlieii  swum 
lint  into  the  liay,  where  lie  renmiiieil  lloiitinu',  until  a  lishing  hoal 
took  him  up,  ami  for  a  heavy  hrilie  pill  him  on  hoard  a  vessel 
hound  for  .M'riea.  Once  there  In.' initti^'iited  the  Miiliauimeiluns 
to  an  easy  eonijiiest  of  Sicily  ;  iinil  they  ruled  the  Island  with 
ri^'onr  lor  u|)warils  of  two  hundred  years,  eiiriehiii);  it»  cities  with 
L'racelul  patiees. 

'It  w  :,s  here,  on  Kiisler  Tnesil.iy,  March  HOtli,  1382,  ahimt 
half  a  mile  from  the  eiiy  at  iheChiireh  of  San  Spirito,  that,  when 
a  ^reiit  eoneoiirse  of  the  citizens  hail  taken  jihiee,  ostensihly  for 
the  purpose  of  alteiiiliiii;  \eHpers,  a  party  of  French  soldiers, 
to  the  numlu'rof  two  hnndreii,  under  sus)iicioii  of  the  people  weariiij; 
arms,  hetiiin  to  'Jcaii-li  for  tlieiii,  mid  one  insolent  young  otfieer, 
nulled  Droll,  tic,  slipped  up  10  a  very  liauilsimie  youn^;  niarrietl 
hilly    who    was    wiiUini;  siirroniided   hy    her  friends,  under  pre- 


I  The  origin  of  I'alerno  is  lost  in  tho  night  of  aiitiipiity. 
Tliueydiiles  says  it  was  iirig  iiiilly  .i  I'liu'iiieiia  city,  which  piisseil 
under  the  Greeks,  and  eventually  Ciirthiiginians,  the  principal 
seat  of  whoso  dominions  it  was.  i'lventniilly  the  Itomiins  won  ir. 
During  tho  iloi'line  of  the  einpirc,  it  was  overrun  hy  the  liarhariims 
and  (ioths,  until,  hy  the  valour  of  lU'lisnriiis,  it  was  restored 
awhile  to  the  Hy/aiiliiic  Kuiperor.  'I'lien  llio  Saracens  tool;  it, 
thou  the  Normans,  then  the  Kreiieh,  then  tli.  Spanish.  .At  one 
time  there  were  throe  codes  of  I.aw  ;  the  Nonnans  had  the  Custom 
ofNoruinndy.  the  Saracens  the  Koran,  and  ihe  liricks  and  the 
Sicilians  the  Koniaii  Law.  Six  I.aiigiia;:cs  were  s|iolu'n  at  the 
same  time;  I'Vonch,  (iermnii,  Italian,  (iieek,  Latin,  and  .Ar.ihie 
'I'lie  city,  like  tin  CDUiitry,  has  heen  I'lia'iiician,  (in  ik,  lioinan. 
(lotliie,  By/aiitiiie,  Norman,  French,  .Spanish,  SarihniMii.  and 
Neapolitan,  and  prosorves  traces  of  each  one  in  its  huildings,  as 
well  as  the  language,  niaiiiiers,  haliits,  and  appeaiaiice  of  its 
iuhalntants. 

'  Hut  low  did  the  Saracens  riiine  here?  Thix  fipinixa  fiirli. 
'Iliero  was  a  woman  at  the  hi  loiii  of  it.  (iotin.  Vandals  and 
Kyzanlines  followed  the  Komaiis,  and  it  liii|i]ii'iicil  that  at  one  of 
the  gratings,  justsuch  i\9  we  now  see  apairof  iiright  eyes  and  apale 
I'nce  ui.der  a  white  mUBlin  veil  looking  down  from  the  balconied  '  tunce  of  iiearchiiig  for  a  weapon,  rudely  thrust  bis  band  into  bor 


Ui 


I 


5'  i! 


ilili 


ALL   ROUND  THB  WORLD. 


thinking  tlmt  it  waH  not  nlwBVM  ncrcssiiry  to  niiliiro 
opprossic.ii,  and  that  a  piMipli'  wlicii  ri'suluti!  witi*  I'ljiial 
to  liny  ili.M'iplint'il  forco  with  a  bad  caiisi'  ' 


hnMini.  'I'lio  IikI.v  fiiinteil  in  licr  hiiKliiind'n  nini»,  win),  furiniis  n itii 
niH'i  »tnu'k  iil  Dnmi'lte,  crying  "  l>i'ntli  to  tin'  Krencii !"  "  IViitli 
111  Iho  Kicncli  '■"  ei'lii)0(l  the  crowd,  hidI  iirmcil  with  knivcH  iukI 
cIiiIm  tliev  tell  ilcsiH'nitely  npnn  the  luKlicm  and  killed  them  to  » 
num.  Intlinned  with  nge  and  IiIcmhI.  the  niiih  then  hurried  li>  the 
city,  where  thoy  hroke  into  the  conviMits  niid  killed  every  French 
monk  they  conid  tnico.  A  horrihle  hulchery  followeil  — nut  even 
the  altjirs  iillorded  reliiK*— men,  wonu'n,  ninl  children  were  idilio 
NieriHced  to  the  nntional  hnle.  The  I'rencli  were  hunted  to 
their  homes  everywhere,  iind  nnmhTcd  without  mercy.  Ki(;lit 
tliouBand  Cell  miscrnbly  murdered  in  this  ini)wtnH  of  fury, 
which  Ion);  rcpresiied,  now  sn<ldcnly  anil  iiwliilly  hurst  forth. 
In  the  universiil  miisaacre  n  single  Individ md  was  saved,  William 
of  I'orceletta,  the  governor  of  a  small  town,  lie  had  BtiHxl 
aliKif  from  the  tyrannies  and  insolence  of  his  countrymen, 
and  had  nnide  himself  belovc<l.  The  Sicilians,  who,  thron|;li- 
ont  the  country,  had  risen  on  the  tollin);  of  the  ves|H'r  hell  of 
ISiin  .Spiiilo,  refrained  from  injurniR  his  ahisle,  and  honouruhly 
ciinducleil  liiin  on  lx)ard  one  of  his  own  vessels  to  I'rovence, 
first  conipellin);  him,  as  it  were,  to  receive  tlie  price  of  the  pot- 
se.isiona  he  left  in  Sicily.  A  rumarliiihle  example  of  popular  Justice 
and  the  power  of  virtue. 

This  insurrection  had  1>ecn  carefully  prepared  lieforehaiid  liy 
John  of  I'rocida.  "  His  hirth  was  humble,"  says  (iibbon,  "  but  his 
education  was  learned,  and,  in  the  poverty  of  exile,  hewiis  relieved 
by  the  practice  of  physic,  which  he  had  studied  in  tlic  schiHil  of 
Salerno.  Fortune  had  left  him  nothing  to  lose  except  life,  and  to 
despise  life  is  the  Hrst  ipndiflcatiou  of  a  rebel.  The  island  wns 
roused  to  a  sense  of  freedom  liy  his  eliii|Uence.  iinil  he  displayed 
to  every  baron  !iis  private  interest  in  the  connimn  cause.  In  the 
conliilence  ot  foreign  aid,  he  successively  visited  the  courts  of  the 
Greek  Km|H'ror,  and  of  I'etcr,  Kin);of  ArraL'oii,  who  |H>ssessed  the 
mnrilinie  countries  of  Valentia  and  Catalonia.  To  tiie  ambitious 
I'eter  a  crown  was  presented  which  he  iiiinht  justly  claim  by  his 
nnin'ia);c  with  the  daughter  of  the  sister"  (C'onstantia,  the 
daughter.)  "of  Manfred"  (the  last  of  the  Nnruian  Kinjjs),  "  and, 
liy  the  dyiii);  voice  of  Conradinii,"  (tlic  yoiinjt  grandson  of  the 
Eni|ieriir  Frederick's  son,  ruthlessly  slain  by  Charles  of  Anjou), 
**  who,  from  the  scatlbid,  had  cast  a  ring  to  his  heir  and  avenger. 
I'aleologus  was  easily  |iersuadeil  to  divert  liis  enemy  from  a  foreign 
war  by  a  icbellion  at  hnuie;  and  a  (ireek  subsidy  of  25,(XX)  iimices 
of  gold  was  most  proHlably  iniployed  to  arm  a  Catalan  Heet, 
which  sailed  inider  a  holy  li:iinier  to  the  specious  attack  of  the 
In  the  disguise  of  a  monk  or  a  beggar,  the 
revolt  tlew  from  Constantino]ilu  to 
.iragossa;  the  treaty  was  signed  with 
cuselt  the  enemy  of  Charles  ;  and  his 
,  liefs  of  St.  I'eter  from  the  house  of 
Anjou  to  that  of  .Arrngmi.  So  widely  ditfused,  and  so  freely  cir- 
culated, the  secret  was  preserved  for  above  two  years  with  im- 
penetrable  discretion  ;  and  each  of  tli'j  conspirators  imbibed  the 
maxim  of  I'eter  "  (of  Anigon),  "  who  dici.U'ed  that  he  would  cut 
oil' his  left  hand  if  it  were  conscious  of  tlie  intention  of  his  right. 
The  mine  was  prepared  with  deep  and  dangerous  artilice;  but  it 
may  be  i|uestioiieil  whether  the  instant  of  explosion  at  I'alenuo 
were  an  elfort  of  accident  ordesigii."  The  French  were  long  taught 
to  reiiiemher  this  bloody  lesson.  "  If  I  am  provoked,"  .said  Henry 
the  Fourth,  "  I  will  breakfast  at  .Milan  and  dine  at  Naples."  i 
"  Vour  Majesty,"  replied  the  S|ianish  Ambassador,  "  may,  ]ierhaivs, 
ariive  in  Sicily  for  ves^wrs."  t'harles  tlircitened  dreadl'ul  revenge,  i 
but  the  Messinese,-  who  were  (lie  first  attacked,  defeated  his  ! 
army  most  ingloriously,  and  in  the  meantime  Peter  of  Arragon  i 
had  been  sent  for  and  arrived.  Since  that  day.  until  the  coining  j 
of  a  new  .lohn  of  I'rocida  in  (larilialdi,  the  Spanish  family  hiive 
reigned  in  Sicily,  personally  or  by  viceroy.  The  island  having, 
in  1713,  only  for  a  brief  period  passtni  to  the  House  of  Savoy, 
was  by  them  exchanged  with  Carlos,  son  of  I'hilip  the  Firth  of 
Spain,  for  the  Island  of  Sanlinia  In  this  manner  the  Spanish 
lioiirhoii  dynasty  entered  into  Sicily. 

'  Hut  how  did  the  French  come  into  .Sicily?  A  woman  did 
this  also.  At  a  festive  entertainment,  held  in  the  French  Court, 
Heatricc,  Counti  ss  of '^avoy,  married  to  Charles  of  Anjou,  brother 
to  Louis  IX.  (if  France,  was  removed  from  the  superior  range  of 
seats  occupied  by  her  two  younger  sisters,  the  Queen  (Kleanor) 
of  Kngland  and  the  Queen  of  France.  Mortified  by  Ibis  humili- 
ation, she  returned  to  her  apartment,  exciteil  by  ill  humour,  and 
dissolved  in  tears.    On  learning  the  cause  of  her  chagrin  and  on 


Sanicens  of  Africa, 
indefiitigalile  iniss 
Itome.  and  friiiii  & 
the  seal  of  I'ope  N' 
deed  of  uilt  traiisfei  ■ 


TlnTo  urn  tlio  stniiiKP  Sicilian  noliijity  in  tlicir  rar- 
I'iaoi'H,  with  every  tfuee  of  S|iaiiiMh  IiIimhI, —  |ii'iind,  ju/y, 
and  |iiilite.  Many  a  one  nf  tlieiii  lialt' Ntiirvi'M  liiniM'lt, 
aini  livi'.s  ill  a  Imiiilih!  Iial^in^  ii|i  a  iliity  Imrk  .street, 
fur  tlie  sal<e  of  rnilin^;  ii\i<\\<t  jn  that  ele^rant  ei^iiipa^'e 
111!  tlie  Marina  every  evening.  The  Spiinisli  veil  is 
nut  yet  iinciiniiniin  with  the  wmrieii  ;  Imt  the  heM 
ilres.ied  ladies  wear  Paris  lamnets  and  eloak.'i.  All 
tlie  men  are  .sninkiin.',  and  the  ^ay  iinit'nriiis  and 
tlie  liri;(lit  eyes  and  the  lajiid  iiniiiiated  I'nliver- 
Hiitiiin,  the  Strang'!'  Iilaek  liaikin;;  prie.stH,  and  the 
jiale  faeed  niiiin  peepin>{  I'roni  their  grated  windows 
in  the  iijiper  .story,  combine  to  t'cirm  an  extra- 
iirdiiiiiry  .scene.  Tliere  are  :;0(l,O(MI  inlmbitaiitN  in 
I'alornio,  and  it  is  a  tolerably  busy  town.  They  are 
about  til  have  a  I'ariiaineiit  in  it,  and  yon  will  hear  of 
.some  stiiinj;e  goings  on  before  all  is  over,  for  the 
Sicilians  are  famous  in  history  for  w  inning  their  liberty, 
and  init  kimwing  Imw  to  ii,se  it  or  to  keej)  it.  They 
have  done  tliis  several  times  before  :  the  last  lime  was 
in  ISl'i,  when  King  Ferdinand,  then  a  refugee  from 
Naples,  conviiked  his  barons  in  a  I'arliament,  and  im- 
pri.soned  theni  for  proti  sting  iigainst  nn  arbitrary  tax. 
Then  Lord  ■  William  lienlinck  landed  troojis,  and 
tlireatened  to  depose  the  king,  and  dreiv  fiom  him  a 
constitution.  But  the  Sicilians  (|uarrelled  amongst 
themselves,  flew  ofl'  into  parties,  and  the  king  tricked 
them  out  of  the  tonslitution,  as  u  toy  too  cum- 
bersome and  troulilesonie  for  them  to  play 
with.  In  1847  tliey  carried  another  revolution, 
and  they  beat  the  soldiers  in  I'alermo,  and  they 
ca]itured  the  citadel,  and  the  Capuchins  distributed 
arms,  and  led  them  on,  as  they  did  tliis  year.  In 
I (S.18  they  defied  the  king,  and  Lord  Minto  interfered 
in  their  behalf,  lint  they  unwisely  sent  an  ex)ie(iition  to 
Calabria,  which  tiiih'd  ;  and  then  the  king  threw  them 
all  over,  and  bombimled  the  town  and  gained  the 
(hiy,  and,  as  they  tell  us,  imprisoned,  flogged, 
tortured,  shot,  and  hung  them,  up  to  the  coming  of 
Garibaldi.  Wlietlier  they  will  manage  better  nowa- 
days  is  the  (pie.stitin.  Lluwever,  all  are  enjoying  the 
jire.sent.  Cnllant  cavaliers  da.sh  ]iast,  pedestrians  press 
alongfrom  their  evening  walk  in  crowds.  Jt  isthelnmr 
<if  enjoyment.  The  children  of  the  rich,  dres.sed  like 
dolls — of  the  (loiir,  dark-eyed,  fine,  and  beautifully 
graceftd,  are  all  at  play  on  this  cool  evening ;  the 
arti.san  sits  at  his  door  ;  the  coflechouse  loungers 
occupy  the  pavement  with  their  chairs  ;  ices  and 
refreshments  are  hiinded  about — the  bay  is  silvered 
over  with  the  moon  ;  I'ellegrino  stands  o\it  likea  giant 
i;i  the  shade  ;  the  sea  lireeze  Idows  in  fresh;  and  the 
sung  of  the  homeward  fishermen  comes  over  the 
gleaming  water.s.  It  was  about  midnight  before  we 
could  tear  ourselves  fnun  the  scene. 

Palermo  is  a  ]ileas!int  and  ea.sy  jilace  for  travellers. 
No  .street  directory  is  required ;  there  are  only  two 
.streets  besiih's  the  Marina,  and  these  crossing  at  right 
angles,  divide  it  nece.s.sarily  into  four  parts.    Out  of  these 

her  saying  she  wiaild  give  her  life  to  be  able  to  confine  her  tressed 
for  one  hour  beneath  a  iliadeni,  Clairles  embraced  her  atlocl  innately, 
and  added,  "  Set  your  heart  ai  re^t,  Countess,  for  before  long  I 
will  make  you  a  greater  queci  than  eiiher  of  your  sisters."  So 
he  promised  (.o  her.  He  defeated  Manrred,  who  died  bravely 
fighting,  and  caused  Ciinrailino  to  lie  executed,  he  himself  and 
Beatrice  witnessing  the  bloody  8|K'ctacle.  A  similar  jiromise  is 
said  to  have  lieen  made  by  the  late  Kmperor  of  liussia  to  his 
Empress,  when  they  were  stopping  liii;eiher  in  the  vicinity  of 
Mount  Ktmi,  wl  o  promised  his  jMiipiess  Sicily  lor  a  summer 
residence,  after  he  had  taken  Constantinople,— which  he  did  not. 


Mjl 


vw.*.-  i*  ■■■^'■m  v-jMJirar? 


'tWHB- 


IllZV, 


^iir;jM»-->i'----ll'm''-r-/*7'- 


V's;i.5!; 


i 


I 


I 


SICILY  AS   YT  la 


60 


THE  CHAPEL  OF    ST.  ROSALIA    NEAR  rALEKHO,  IK  SICILV. 


grant  streets  (liclvc  iiml  sl()|io  umitow  ullcys  and  lain's, 
ill  which  clotlii's,  Imiig  mit  to  lirv,  miv  luilicmush  cdii- 
s|pi('iiciiis.  T1r'1\'  is  a  tine  St.  tiilos'  clriuciit  about  the 
jirospwt,  ill  spite  of  the  .■iri.'lics  ainl  archwavs,  and  llu^ 
(h'l'p  lihio  sky,  and  the  lii'it;hl  lihic  sea,  and  I  he  ociMsional 
jialiu  tree.  Tlic  (irst  j^rcat  .street  is  called  the  ( 'assaro, 
and  was  the  Al  Kasr  or  Street  of  I'alaces,  also  called 
Via  de  Toledo,  oC  the  Saraei'iis — it  is  a  niih'  loiii;. 
The  hou.se.s  on  <'ither  .siih'  are  tail  and  stately,  with 
hold  oorniees  and  projeetini;  lialeonies  ;  the  llowers 
and  .striped  lilinds  of  the  wimlows  nive  colour  ami 
cilect  ;  the  fjround  lloors  are  all  sliops,  of  a  second- 
rate,  couiitry-townshop-like  description.  The  front 
of  each  i.s  nil  arch  ;  ttu'  proprietors  live  aliove  ;  hence 
the  lodij;ors  Inive  almost  all  the  house.  A  circus 
adonis  the  intersection  of  the  streets;  this  is  orna- 
iiieiiteil  with  .statues  of  the  Season.s,  of  sovereigns,  and 
of  saints.  The  jjates  of  the  city  an?  very  handsonie, 
with  fountains  aim  inarhle  columns.  The  .second  street 
is  the  Jfacipieda,  which  at  the  close  opens  out  into 
the  luountaiiis,  which  .seem  a,s  if  they  were  e.x.ictly  at 
the  end,  though  in  reality  at  lea.st  three  miles  distant. 
'?(!th  streets  arc  lined  with  churches  and  convents 
iiinumerahle,  a  small  ]iiazza,  part  of  the  Cassaro, 
rontains  a  very  elaborate  fountain,  extremely  hand- 
some, but  too  complicated  in  its  niachiuery  ever  to 
throw  u|i  water.  It  is  circular,  and  of  white  niarlde, 
and  glc.-.ms  with  statues  of  c.tcpiisite  workmanship. 
It  has  no  business  to  be  in  a  public  street.  It  was 
designed  and  executed  for  a  |irivate  garden,  but  was  be - 
Hueathod  to  the  Senate,  w)jo  caused  it  to  be  erected  here. 


We  now  hire  mules  and  start  oil'  1 1  nee  I  joys  have  tired 
iisout  with  asking  us  to  do  so.  ()uroliject  is  to  reach 
Monte   I'clli'griuo  and  the  tJrotto   of  Santa   Itosalia.' 


1  riiis  ^'Idiiciiis  viii^iii,  s;iys  lli('li't:oii(l,  wiuliDrn  iit  I'lilermo,  in 
1  i;iO,  "I'  ncililc  pniircnitcirs,  llic  (li'scciuliiiitsof  Cliiii'l"iinn;ne.  K(i«- 
c:ili'(l  witli  tluMitniiist  rcliiiiMiii'iil  (it  tli«  lu'riiid.  .<lie  lloil,  at  tlie  age 
el'  twc  Ivc,  t'i'iim  liur  fiilluT'.s  liim:-i'  to  tlie  in'ii;lihiiii'nii,'  iiHiiintiiias, 
wlu'i'i'  slic  ]Ki,ss(,'il  lii'r  wliiilc  time  in  mts  iil'  (Icviilioii  ini'l  pi'iinace. 
.\1  li'iifTlli  slit'  ri'tiri'il  to  ii  cavevii  (in  .\liiiilo  I't'llci^riiKi,  wlicri,' 
she  (lied,  witliiml  Ikt  plsict'  (tf  rct'iijjji!  liavin^  lieoii  discovered. 
Diiriiii.'- that  tcn-ilile  jilairne  of  \ti'l%,  wlion  all  olliirts  to  .stay  its 
rav.tiicrt  jirovcd  iiu'lfcctiial,  t!ie  Siiint  appt'.ired  ill  a  dream  to  a 
certain  iiilial)itaiit  of  I'alorino,  and  disclost.'d  to  him  the  sjiot  where 
luT  inorial  icliis  vet  ri'iiiaincd  iinliiiried,  which  were  ivvereiilly 
iTiithercd  iiji  and  deposited  in  the  custody  of  the  Archhishop.  Still 
the  pestilence  refused  to  leaV('  I'aU'niio,  until  one  day  u  certain 
\'ineen/io  lloneUi,  a  soa[)«niaker,  wandering  ahout  the  inoiintnin  to 
ile|)lore  the  loss  of  his  lietter  half,  was  encountered  hy  a  lieautifiil 
damsel,  who  said  to  him,  "  Come  hither  with  me,  Viiieeii/.i(>,  and 
I  will  show  you  my  trrotto."  Itonelli,  all  in  a  treiiihle.  demanded 
her  name.  '*  I  am  Rosalia,"  replied  the  virijiii.  "  Thtiii  why," 
asked  the  soap-maker,  plucking;  up  cour.ij;e  to  address  her.  ''do 
yon  ahaiuloii  yiair  eouiitry  to  so  many  aillietions  "r"  "  "  Such  has 
lieen  the  will  of  Heaven,"  iiiteiTnpted  the  saint,  "but  I  am  now 
sent  to  aiiiiounee  to  yon,  that  so  soon  as  my  body  shall  lie  curried  in 
proeesaion  'hroii^U  the  city,  the  pestilence  shall  eeiise."  She  then 
showed  Honelli  her  place  of  ri/treat,  advised  him  to  eontide  all 
that  he  hud  seen  and  heard  t.i  his  confessor,  and,  moreover, 
predicted  that  in  four  days  he  slaailil  he  with  lior  in  Paradise. 
Iloiielli,  of  couive,  fullilled  his  niissiiai,  and  died  himself  liinr  days 
a("lcrw:irds  in  eorrolioration  of  it.  Wcr  lioneswere  carried  tlirou};h 
the  City,  and  the  plague  was  stayed.  In  liohonr  of  thi.?,  a  yearly 
festival  takes  place  in  Palermo,  a  mn(:niliceiil  car  is  conducted 
ahout,  ;'.0,tK)0  wax  lij;hts  are  lijjhted  in  the  Cassaro,  and  a  splendid 
cx|iibilion  of  tireworks  lakes  place. 


1!^ 


I     tr 


I 
I 


70 


ALTi  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


Mduto  PcUcgrino  lias  licon  coin]mn'(l  tn  tlin  Rnck  of 
Giln'iiltar,  aixi  is  about  t!i«  siiiriu  liciglit — l,9G.'i  I'ect 
alidvo  tli«  lev(d  oC  tlie  sea.  It  was  an  impregnate 
stronghold  iu  the  (Jarthaginian  jieriod'  The  grotto  of 
the  celol)rati'il  cavern  of  Rosalia  is  extremely  C'iriona. 
Tla?  clmpel  is  hewn  in  th(!  roek,  and  contains  a  white 
inarhle  statue  of  the  fiiir  young  saint  of  sixteen, 
iirrayeil  in  gold  and  siver,  jewels,  Howers,  and  lamps, 
that  hang  around  ail  niglr,  mid  day  («'■«  p.  69)-  J  he 
nniiual  festival  is  very  gay.  Ht.  Itosalia  parades  in  mi 
immense  ear,  as  high  as  the  highest  jialaees  of  the 
Toledo  or  Cassaro  It  is  splendidly  iitt"d  up  with  gold 
and  silver  emliroidi  ly  ami  painting,  the  hody  heiiig 
formed  of  a  huge  mount  of  orange-trees,  corals,  vas<'s 
of  (lowers,  .md  on  tln^  top  of  nil  is  St.  Rosalia  herself 
— a  silver  statue.  'I'here  is  a  grand  show  of  firework^ 
to  close  the  scene. 

Returning  into  Palermo,  we  observed  the  fruit  e.\ 
posed  for  .side  in  the  market.  Pine  cones,  which  are 
eaten  roasted,  the  jiroduce  of  a  flat-topjHMl  june;  red- 
cheeked  apjih's;  figs  of  the  cactus,  of  which  the  seller 
sti-ips  the  skill  ollaiul  hands  them  to  you  to  swallow,  and 
delicious  they  are  when  you  are  once  used  to  them; 
ohesiiiits  — the  chesnuts  of  the  sunny  south,  tine  and 
na'aiy ;  drie(l  tigs;  teiiiler  green  lemons  —  the  mo>t 
chaniiing  of  fruit;  ripe  ormiges,  nuts,  and  melons. 
W'e.saw,  too,  what  will  .soon  be  the  last  lottery  (for  one  of 
(iaiil)ildi's  first  steps  was  to  abolish  this  cheating 
method  of  taxation),  where,  in  a  red  balcony,  in  a  great 
house  in  the  Piizza.  standing  where  the  incpiisitioii 
lisecl  to  lie,  a  little  child  in  white,  with  due  ceremoniis, 
—  such  as  we  ourselves  used  to  have  in  (.juildhall  about 
thirty  years  ago, — drew  the  lucky  ticket  from  the  wheel, 
and  iimdi'  one  man  happy  with  a  few  jiounds  extra, 
while  he  disa|ipoiiited  a  thousand  other.s.  What  iin- 
liort?  the  (ioNernmeiit  raised  ,£1(10,0(1(1  a  year  by  it. 
Till  ic  wa.'^  now  no  end  of  sight -.sei'ing,  all  within  ea.sy 
di;;tiiiice  'i'lie  Com  cut  of  St  Maria  di  (jesu.  at  the  foot 
of  a  nionntain,  buried  in  cy]ires,ses,  round-to] ipcd  pines, 
olives,'  oleanders,  the  vine,  the  date- bearing  ]ialm,  and 
aloes  iniinnieralile  ;  the  aloe  here  being  thick  and 
strong — a  hard  trunk  of  tlbres  a  foot  round,  and  strong 
eiioiigli  for  a  beam.  The  ]iiith\vay  behind  this  convent 
goes  up  to  ail  ivy -clad  hermitage,  with  a  wide-spreading 
yew  tree  ot  giant  size.  Tiie  view  hence  over  the  plain 
of  I'aleriiio,  the  sea,  the  buy,  mid  the  City,  to  Mount 
I'ellegriiio,  which  heaves  up  iis  the  back  ground  to  the 
picture,  is  .something  never  to  bo  forgotten  for  beauty 
unil  lirilliaiay. 

Coming  back,  we  p.iss  the  Church  of  San  Spirito 
siiridiiiided  by  a  cluster  of  cypresses,  the  scene  of  the 
Sicilian  N'esper.s.  There  is  the  large  CaniiKi,  or  biirying- 
groiiiid  of  the  < 'ity,  and  a  convent,  which  cnjoj's  a 
vatilt'd  burial  ground,  where  the  occupants  are  drieil 
into   luuuiiuies ;  and    there  they  are,   in  coffins  with 


'  nt'ocuivsp  till'  CaHhiiciniiiiis  nnd  flic  Roninns  lind  n  bii(tl*' 
licri'.  It  iiinii' iitl'iir.  tilt' liiiiiks  uC  tlic  rivi'i  Oreti.  now  ii  iiutl' 
miiiiiitiiir.  stream.  Ilusdriihiil  ciiiiie  from  ilie  eustern  pliiiii  with  »n 
iiiiiiit'iiiiii  ariiiv  ol'  eli'iiliiiiits,  traiiioil  lor  war,  on  whose  ti'ir'fin 
nsprcl  lio  ri'I'n'd  to  sciiri'  Iho  Koiniui  troops  at  the  Hrst  onset. 
It'll  Mareellns  oiip()>ed  eialt  liy  couiajre,  mid  told  I. is  soldiers  to 
all'eet  feiir  at  the  slow,  desperate  niareh  of  the  l>eu8ts,  and  I'.. II 
Imck.  A»  soon  as  a  niiniber  of  the  elephants  had  ei  osseil  the  river, 
and  while  others  w.  re  crowding  in  and  to  the  ford,  a  volley  of 
darts,  dlscharpoil  n]K)n  them  by  the  Roman*,  threw  tliein  inio 
confusion,  and  thev  turned  upon  their  leaders,  and,  truin|ilinj; 
down  the  Carlhauinian  ranks,  threw  their  army  into  siieli  conCu- 
Bion  that  the  (  Hi'thagiiiians  lost  20.000  men. 

'  'I'll!  olive  trues  take  lon^j  to  ^,'iow.  The  Saracens  exempted 
from  ta.sation,  diiriiii;  thirty  jears,  tli08«  who  made  ajilantation  ol 


glass  ca.se8,  in  the  very  clothes  they  used  to  wear  in  life 
— a  well  dre.s.sed  skeleton  in  white  kid  gloves  ;  a  soldier 
in  regiiueutals  ;  a  child  preserved  with  gl.tss  eyes  ! 

But  we  Iiave  had  our  seven  jieniiy  worth  of  carriage 
out  (it  co.sts  you  two  tari,  of  about  threepence  half-iienny 
each,  fifty -.seven — there  ought  to  be  sixty — to  a  pound), 
the  fare  in  Palermo,  for  a  carriage, —  and  it  is  time 
we  start(Ml  to  survey  the  curiosities  of  the  town.  Ono 
oftliegreatestofthe.se  would  be,  if  we  could  collect 
them  togi^ther,  its  four  thousand  lawyers,  or  at  the  rate 
of  one  attorney  to  every  five  hnndreil  inhabitants,  which, 
allowing  the  usual  set  off  of  wives,  women,  and 
children,  would  be  about  one  per  cent,  for  cverv 
able-bodied  man  in  the  town  ;  deduct  from  this 
a  liber.d  jier  centage  of  noblemiMi,  all  the  members 
of  whom  lire  forbidden,  by  their  rank,  to  trade,  deduct 
also  the  clergy  and  the  monks,  and  how  few  will  be 
left  t'learn  a  living  for  themselves  and  the  rest  1  Yet 
all  day  long  there  are  processions,  and  incense,  and 
prayers;  every  other  day,  aliuo.st,  is  a  holiday,  and 
every  third  evening  a  "  festa,"  with  fireworks.  We  once 
heard  tell  of  a  Stafrordshire  working  week  as  follows  : 
"Monday  a  holiday  ;  rnesday  we  go  on  an  cx(atrsion  ; 
Wednesday  we  talk  about  it  ;  Thnrsday  we  go 
to  work  ;  Friday  we  get  our  wages ;  Sattirday 
wo  all  drink  ;  and  Sunday  we  go  to  sleep."  A 
Sicilian  week  would  l)e  nearly  the  same,  but  that 
the  Saturday  and  Sunday  wotild  be  bettt-r  spent  ;  the 
evening  of  both,  however,  being  enlivened  with  ^' 
dance,  —  !  ne  night  to  celebrate  the  close  of  labour,  ano 
the  other,  after  pniyers  Milking  the  cows,  jiruiiing  the 
vines,  or  crushing  thegrafies  and  tending  the  silkworms, ' 
or  ba.sking  in  the  sunsliine,  con.stitute  tla;  most  of  a 
Sicilian  |  easant's  labours,  unless  in  the  sulidiur  district, 
where  he  really  woiks  hard. 

There  are  three  hundred  churches  in  Palermo,  and 
therefore  we  cannot  .see  them  all.  J-et  us  begin  with 
the  (,'atlicdral  <in  the  right  hand  of  the  large  ojien 
scpiare  at  the  h<'ad  of  the  city.  Severe  and  simple  iu 
the  exterior,  with  its  stone  burnt  to  a  yellow  by  the 
sun's  heat,  it  is  impossible  tosay  whetln  r  it  be  Sicilian, 
Norman,  (iothic,  or  Saracen  in  its  constniition,  but  it 
has  all  the  characteristics  of  a  noble  Spanii-h  Cathedral. 
There  is  a  grand  Saraceiiie  old  door  for  fn  lit  entrance, 
anil  its  inteiior  contains  nnmerous  side  ehajiels,  each 
em  losed  by  marble  bahi.strades  and  dedicati'd  to  special 
sill.  Its  altar  of  liijiis  lazuli  is  magniliceiit,  and  (Jagini, 
the    Sicilian    Michael    Angelo,    has   adorned    it   with 


olive  trees.  Tlie  olives  fall  in  August,  but  then  are  green  and 
small;  iliey  swell  and  (innv  greener,  until  quito  black  nnd  ripj 
in  October.  Then  the  olive  plantations  are  crowded  with  men, 
women,  and  iKiys  harvesting  the  crop;  the  women  aid  chil- 
dren |)iek  up  tlie  fallen  fruit ;  the  men  clnnli  up  ladders,  i-it  on 
tile  trees,  and  shako  down  the  olives  into  the  sheets  spread  out 
below.  The  olives  are  i  rushed  in  a  rude  mill  -  very  rude  indeed, 
and  here  there  is  much  riHim  tor  iiubruvci^iui.L  ,.iid  w^iiul, 

«  Tn  the  month  nf  May  thi  women  take  the  rpgs,  wrap  tlimi 
in  a  line  linen  cloth,  mid  )i'nee  it  in  I  heir  bins  when  they  get  i.p 
in  the  morning.  'I  lie  chilling  intliu'i;ce  of  the  air  is  sedulously 
avoided.  When  hatilieil  the  \oung  worms  are  pluccd  in  a  hiisUl 
with  the  tendcrest  mnlberiy  leaves.  'I'hese  are  given  fresh  every 
niglil,  being  merely  laid  on  tin'  wiirnis'  back.*.  When  full-sized 
the  Hiiniis  are  fed  no  imae.  I  he  wiinien  take  it  out  of  the  basket 
and  drawing  it  back  see  the  silk  piotrndingfrom  its  iiionlh;  they 
then  place  it  on  a  dry  tiav ,  « In  lu  (hey  wiave  their  efK'Oons.  'I hey 
are  taken  hence  and  baked  in  an  oven  or  rousted  in  the  hot  iicxiii- 
day  sun.  Then,  in  the  inoiilb  ot  August,  when  the  two  crops  of 
silk  are  in— the  second  Ingiiis  in  June— tlie  ctuoons  are  thrown 
into  a  cauldron  of  boiling  waier,  which  hMisens  the  silk,  the  loose 
threads  art  dexterously  caught  and  thrown  uu  a  reel,  and  th« 
silk  is  wouud  uQ'. 


T-*-^«  ■"*»*;**    W 


!:i 


'■^^m' 


!'ll 


I     I  1    i    '1 


sici)-v  ^h  .')  la 


ii  tihi'  p't'iM'  (•(  'ii..'  R'-il  ■fiui'i' ,  iii"s;iiiM  f'i  |«'i|ili\r\ 
ii'i'l  \.-vn1i>  niirifiilir  I'l  i.'lu'-ti  i(  •  |i,i  vi'ii'.frK,  uihImiiuji:;  till' 
Ii-  I      I'l-Uii!    S:iV    -.l'!!  ■•;!     U    .Mil'  '■•'llf.HilillJ,'  lilt'     1"-1'.'    Ill' 

Vi'i-.l'!  "I-.   B.irli.ir  i>.'.i,    'i|ir 1    iti    17^1    I'V    Imil.ai'.'iis 

Ii  iiiii-;,  v>  h'!,  Ii,  KiiipiTui-V  ilrc's,  i  it' a  _i; '!■■;"■■  "i--  Irij'!" 
n.ln  .■iiiliiM'.li  ii"i  •■villi  j,'iiM  .iiul  ii:W  =  'U,  w^tsli  i:iiil  t  ■  in' 
-itU    ill   l■^  .■•'il.'iir   i.ii'.si'i'vniinii.      Iltin   lif^    J'lM'^'rr  iIm 

iir-'i.     K::ii,'     '    tlliTi'  tini,   III.'  llll!    fW'ii  t.'i'!l-,!:i!itillM.  l^ili-i:)! 

.till!    I'iiii'.r  ■?!.  ;iiiil  till'  Nui-!n:iii  K;iii,'  If.-i.rv  \  1 

'    DM-   .,>ii  Willi. 1111    liii'   I'liiHjih'r  ir  «:rs  Tv>t  'hi'  iiii'y  kiiiu'Ii! 
(iiUi   ,11111  :•  if  till!  .V'lriliiill  rilci'  ulliilt  liic' I.,  mi'  i'lTiml  ii,^   In'   .:'.■  \ 
.,.'.  1  j;:  L'l  iiiii.      11  flii.-!  ill  'li'i  vi'iir  )"<'i't  t.liiit  Dro';;'!,  ii  X.-vn-,  i 
•■'ii  I,  ruin  11  pilLTimiiir"  tii  .Iitii>ii1ciii,  l.inili'il  will.  ;il)iMit  i'"rn  i 
.'i.)ll|i:ii  !■  '1.  ;il   .■'liliTliij.        Tim  Kll"-i'i!ll.-.  ut'arKi'ii  till,'  tiiM'i  wiiilM 
ill'?  ',.;  i!.i,,i    ivtrr  lli"ri',      l)rna<i,  « I'll  hi-- ciiiii)«i!i"i:»,  put  liim- 
*<M' iit  '.\.r  t:    ul  I't'll.i' ]j.  i)ilf,  iiii'l  ii-j.nl.'i' il  111.'  iin'uil,  r«       i  !ii- 
'»'.il,,i  •■I'Sui'imi  liKvliii;  wiuu'.sseil  tilt'  })r.'vvi.-j.H 'if  ;li.'   s'no.t,-!  i-ri. 
i.r-ssi  .1  t!n.'!ii  to  t-eiiHiiii.     Till'  iiilj.'ri!iin  <'Xi'ii--i'i!  t!ii'iiisi.Ki'i.  :\'_  i  !i. 
■  1.111.,  I'lit  ifi  iiiiri'il  til  iT'iiri..     In  till'  h>!linv  ii„'  spring',    lii-.i.-...  , 
i'ii  ;i  I111..I,  im_'iiientr-il  U\  im  nm.iil  lUiini'iT  ..t'ii.iit  iihrii!.;.i  r.,  1 
li!!ti;i('.l   l.'s  iiiiiiriiM',   r.Mriii'l    tr    I'.ii;.    -unl    I'KtiT'.l    mty    ■]., 
.'!>■:.■.    i.r   llii'    Uukii   "I'  .-';iii  I'liti.       T'r  iritiii.j   li.v   I'..  ilw.»fi'"i..i-  I 
.■I  li,     i'.ivi'.   illi     l.imiltiriis.  Hi'.   Ky'iin''iii>5.  .im!.  '    .>  ■••  ■-».•.■■-    ; 
il;.v     v-i.tuMl-   ill    iHii    <■"!•  Ii   nihli.l'.'iini  1,1       !'    'iri;    .r.  !.■     '  ■.     , 
11. "11  l.i  !..':i|    till-   i."  liiiii    liiiit. ■.■"..•■'.<•■•  ■')•.■   '.v:,,,,.  ,    ;>   .^:, ,  j 

I  r'rtiii!,  ;iii      Kiiyiniifu-,  ('■  tir  r!' ; '.     :  - '■  •    '■    !•'  .  , 
>'i!'.i.;:i    .;■   iitl-.niiili   ...t"  i^iijisit    l.irliil',  ..:...•     ..n    "ii      '   j- ■  '       -f 

iniii't  .,1  mi. out •iv  I'ii  1,1  llaU.      rii.   :hii-  >•.■.'•  il  .s  !     u. I 

..i'   !i.  'in.(4.    Kiiiji  I'.ir.  i>ii  i-mi'Hn.ni    il   uuli-Oia  I's  <\i  rhi-  -p  >l :  j 
ii'ii!  Ih,- i'i')i.»r,  Willi  111.,  til.-   M-v  i.i.i-i.  I  ■  i  .1  lii.i-ilit  .it'  iKiUiiiiri .  I 

~li.';i:i;'-ri|   1„..,....||"  II}'    lir.fl.-J,ix.ills,'    mi    sill-    p'liu'      li'  llH    l.'ll'i.    [111. 

>M'-.' .  11  li  iviTi-  -,.  i.t"  S>nu.ii.M.,  mill  ir-  l.i..tlir..ii  Lii-u'i'lv  ■•..!■'■  i-i 
■11..  .  i.iiM-  i.|  :>i.:.t,i  I'riiiii  ..ill'.  I'll  I'.iiil.r.  lUit  tlu 
..,.,  1!-.;  tn..-ii  511  rill  li  tlirlii  "1  1.1. 1,-  !-••», 11'!.  .n.'  "ii"-  in 
•r  I'll.  !.i,c;..;n,  n-i-  -i'l-.'  .Sitm.'-i  '  .i'-  ;  ,1  -  11  .sr.'  !--•*  -«  i 
,-...ii  '0  V\"ilii!i.n)  .19  siiiii  i.-ii'..!.  ...1.1  ..'1.-..  i  '.  0.i..iii-« 
i..l...r.'  lii'V     ~...i,:.'il    jrv- Pi.',     rili.'s         .liiKi.ii         ,1'      i.  ;.j  ..ril, 

1;  .'.].i:iiii ;'  mill  nil  iii^  •!i..iili,  t«,'  .M.i..-,-  .-,  ■:  :,.ii-.li.r\  lio'.  it 
.,iii.".,rU  niiriiiiiiini  •' l!ii-  DiLii',':  HI.  lii.ii."'  I'll. 11c  i.'.t 
^11  ti  .'ii'-^-iiiv  .-r  j  .'..'i-iiiij  \  •■•  .  .  i'.ii'y  iLN-asaliii'dl  [iiuiifi. 
iiu.i  .•-.  in),ii ,!  11'  Ji:il;i' '.If  t'iii' inv.i.lT,,  riu  in  r.iii).  I'!  .-.ii  tin 
y  ■;-  ii.ii.si.lf,  V  ii.  II  ill  :it1iii-kiii  tlio.i,  :>l  iln-  iitmi  "i"  1.11  .'■  I 
ii'ii.i    111  ]>.  r- v>.i-    tiiK-.'i   |ii.iiii.-       ll.i    Ni-iiiiiiii'  ii'.iv   irjv,. 

II  iiii'iliiil -ill  V  p'.-i^i-.-.^- il  I  ii.ni.ii  "  i-iliiiii  !i,- 1.111 -Ik::-  I'-.ii'.. 
..I'  li,..  -.I'iri  iiiil  '...Itiii.ii'.-   .it    lliiiiie  .111   111-'    .1-.'.    >    -..1       '!i  - 

liii-rt     -.ill!     imV    11.11111.  IK    '.i.;..t!ll01lt,   'itl'.-v:   V    'i'.    "i..      iiVm    '.<    ''.1- 


I 


ri.i.r-i.  ^viiuLi 


t,r,i!iii.t;,    lirliti;    itoivn    i:j 


till-Ill 


ll.-ili-l-  I.t 


Inii'i  ..i.li.iM  lii«|..'.iii,  llnTi-l'iil'i',  111' In-Ill iiitr  ;iii.  I'l  |.i-a,s  11  i.:ipli.-i', 
i''..  \i.i-!ii:iiis  I'l  II  lit  Illi  1'1'i-t  iiliil  i  i.pii.ri.ii  l.i^  p.rd.iii  a-ui  Ini 
■;.'.•.;!!;:  I'lii.v  V. .. lii'iiic'  iiiiil  Luiiiliii'ti.ii  i.iiii  .=  il  «i-r.'  i" 
I,.  ]•,,-.■..(,,  |i,!!i-v»'ji(.-i.     Ij'.i  IK.  will*  so  1    i.'Iiiil  !i.  ;i  I'lindiiol  t'm 

Vr:V      .,p!,.i,l.ii     ,,r    .vL.lt     lie     l.>pi:'.|(.(l,     tiuli     In'     .  ..UliniHKl    tU      tilt) 

N.  .  ..\m  .ill  tl-i.i.  liiiJ  1  ..uipi'i'iil,  "1-  ii'ii.-lit.  C"iiiiii'-i-,  in  Apnliit 
..r    t:,,liilir.i,    Hint   iiui.ie  nil    uiiuHit'i'    -lii''    'lit   vwy    mi-ii  wln.m 

1,1  r.llliO  l<.  I'lprl.  Illlrnln  1;  Wl.-.  l.KM  t'l.n.iL  i.t'  .\pl.liil. 
;..l.!  K.iiiiH-  iiMiIc  li.:ii<i-ir  1'  ,a.  -if  1  ..'.;.!,.-:  .,  i>v  1-  i^  M'.rii'-  wliu'il 
1  .••..ilii.il  IT  iillli  Il»i  uppciijti  ;i  "1  t;iji.i.-.ir '.  .,  'i|k  ^i^  •*•  •  I 
C'l  .....  ■  r.iiii.  r,,  ulinn,  i'lu  11  tin.  imliiriii  .«tri.:,..(ii  .1"  it-.  <-'  ni'i..!,,  j 
i.i-  .i-i>,;-u.!  lit  t  ikiiiL'  t'.ii.  .iii,l(.i  uf  Miiivii.i,  111!  ..iii;  n..ri  1,1  j 
111,  ,.  .i'l;,-.  i.f  ,1  i-.,n.-,.ii'.  ivi:Uiii  i',-  iMu'iM,  liii'.  "'..  Ill  li"i  "tliii-l-»  | 
1  ,1-  •:  ul  ,..nl  !n..i.iiij;lil  tin  111  111  .;-tv-  l.ilii  .iiriii'.  '.l\  tin"  i-iiiiri-h  j 
til   '■ .'!  tt  .ii  cui-rioil  mill  Ml-.  ...ii',.:iuii'.!  i-,  ii,:;ii-.:,.-)    .i 'i,.      !ii  t'.i.i 

il.i-i.ll.      1,     ll'l-    !'illli.-:ili    SlTVio..     111-.  ii,l-p~i-    ftlll-liui   .|p    '!l  ,l,.,Mp|i!tl. 

si."i,      1!   J,. it  s.MiriU  iiilii  tliij  ImiiiK-.   .■('  IJi.'  rsn  .it.     Titii   ^^r 
:i*-r.  1.1.(1    !.;,-  siirpri-i>,  l.iiil  iloivii   iln-ii-  ir;-ii-;,   unj    I'l.    liiiu'i  j 

r    „i,.-      !-:tri*i    "(il-i!     .,ji.'l!.:il    !l      Ui.!K:rl     h'.     liiii    HI*  li      «.  i  li  "-.!.    j 

i'lii.i'Ji  1.1  liir>U,  llii(;i:i'  lliL'  }..ii!in..^l  ii.-ii  .-it'  ■i'liiif'-*  '  -iiiiii  : 
,Vi'r'  liii:  iii-t  ami  111... it  filPllllinti:  uf  liil'  •liviiht... . ':>  t;t',ii  ) 
llutiir;  1  r»-f  r<!pi-ali..tl  i'S'lC.  A  (ii^'iliv.  fJnii';  ji. 'i,  r,il  i 
111.  I    l.'-i„;iil    iivi-i     till-    ^iini|.i.|:s:     II   S.iniriiii     ilu'if.     l!..n  ..(    ; 

I  iM  1,  -'!4ii  .t!.-;li;^M  s,-i'll  of  111...  ^1  v|.r:.lttMl?,  Ill' 1 'lililll- I.  .-.  .I'liso '*  1 
lin,..  1!    |iy  iKTNii:|,lii|j;  C'llinil  liiwi.r,    ni.'ltll    hu    in  ill  I    It    Mili't-.i, 

1  fl.t,  •  li,-il.l(!  Sii,ily.  Ii:i./i'|-,  liiilliii.i;  iii'i'.  Pl.iijii.ii  till- 
-'ti!  1.1  •.'    M.  -MUii,   ii,.(iiiit«'il  till'  Mi-K-iniiii-JiiiiH,  mill  HiimIU.  '.i-.m 

till,  '...iniiii       111-  siiii  suii llill^•  lii.ii,  n-iUuiil  int"  nrilir  w.'l  Uii 

t'lUnr  Inn'  1  .illipiiU'i.il,  mill  Wis  t'iil!.tiv-aiUillilliri''s  ►llilul  I  .'1 
'i.iif  ,  li'i.i  ijiu-  il  1.311  ••  ill  (111--  tluil  t!,..  ..111::  iif  ihi  >iiii!i;;.i<l  i-l 
liif  i.M  il..  ,-,  ,,>  cf  n  |«ior   Niinniiii  pi'iitli'iiiuii,    wl,ij  liml  ii'li    ni'i 

•Hi:,  iv    "A,!',    ,■    i..'.-.- oiiui  but  llii  urt'ii'il  Ami  11-1. Wili'il    't    I'lilnr-  , 

II  ■>.,   ti.^t  mviuiui.  wiio  liiiil  tMH'  r-..'..'iiiivi.r  tin.  •jlml-iif  ;'vi  I'y. 


i  ill     •:.!''  I  'Mt,"  -      '.    VfJ-  1    .  -  1  ,      .    ';;,«•.     '1 

'■^,i;.t.  .'  .  ■•         riii...  .1  ii    '  ii'^'i    -11. •   ,1!  'in'.  • 

111.  lOiil' •   '1  '11   i-'ii'-,       '  'i-jiirl'-il      .    ,'         1,     ,.;, 

Till'  iMi.rii.i' 11!' I  In     i    .1  :.  .    i   '11-  r    ;  1        1 

-.lull-    liiiiiii'iin'  111'  i.|'.  I  I.    i-  11  I     '•■  ,'      *• .    ,. 

.111!    Ii«  ir-ii.|i    ii.i-i  ..viiin  w     ..,  <:  11,  '•'  ;)>..  '    .. 

iiii'i|is  ]ir ii|ii.  I'll  liy  l.iii' !.i.- 1"  Hi  III,    '  ..  -11 
Wiilii  r,  ili.i    Mii^li^li    |ii  iijii'  iiiiiii^if  '  ..''(I,,    (/iMHi   K, 
I'l  i"^!!  ilv--- vN  i',..i'  |il:in.-  'ii'-Miiil,  li.mi  vy    ..1.  |ii,vi.  I  r.  n 
iii.iiiilv      Ini-.u  I'll. Ill  tiniMi    i. ',|iii.|i!  in-il  liy  Ki  i';  WiHiiiii. 
II'..   I'linl       li.n.    i.ii.ii  ili'la  I'l  iiv  llii'  niili-  ii.iiMl  ..t'livin 
I'lll'i-I'lli  ri.   ii.liin  -.-  • 

[■|-iici.iil  «(i  iii-i;l  ti.  tl,.  I'iii:i../.ii  Hi"i!..  iiiy.il  I  il.ui. 
Ill  iiim-i'  .  11. '  ]..iiir  iilil  I'liiii.  ( '.1,11. -111. -aiii.  In;;  li> 
lli'lllrliiilil  l;.>\  i-rinil',  il. 1.-1  '-lii'  lii.l  -lltdl  li'i.  viilV.  'I'll.. 
Wiirlil  L'i't  tiiii  1  1  ,t,  (iir  liiii!  i.ii'l  111-  |i'i.-lii 'lili'  ililiiii'li 
iiiutlst-  iisiili-,  'l\  hill-  ill'  .T.t  am!  .'linlHi-.l  lln.  ^-.i.n 
■v.i.v  11,-'  W.-  liin..;.!-!  |.-,i-^i  ,|  t'nriii's  In  1111'  111  I  hi' 
('ill'.  .I'll  -11111,1-1  .lin!  ill"  iinllnlli-.  111''.,,  ifi.ili  ;  v.r. 
'IP  .,  .-ii  .',  In  I-..  U.i--.irui...l  I'l.iiil  I,  .'iilil  III''  t'lU-tli.-l 
;-iiil..':      .I'l     .'.il!  >\..    li.M     .1-1  II     l;iui..ii.i--t  ~i    t-.iiil. 

-.illi       lilt       SimIiMI;-,      .,!<       ;.;.    il,.    ,       illi       'I     '      !.  M    l'       '.,ll!l[ 

li' '.11  .-.   iiiil      .ii.-li'    an-    li,       N    "li'i,,  fill-    iiiii;-,  1  ! 

:••'  .li'!!  I.il--  <i.|;l  .,-  'i.  \  'I..  il  •■.'.:  \\iyj_ 
ii  ii  1.  ill  h'i,.'  r,-!ai.  iil.i  -111.  Jli.u  '.'lis  l.i-  11 
;4ii.-,»  V\  'l.r         :i'(,       ,.,,.'       i.j.Ai    ',         i'l    1   .'i!nl      :■'  n't 

■  a-..  ,'  fl.l':  I'll-  1;.'  1'  '-  r'.i;-i'--I,  i"./''  I'i  ii.  !  .:  i 
!'■•  la-l,     .'i-',.,   .        I      *     j    ■  ..-111-.         ,1  .1       '1,.    .. 

-  ii.iVl..:..-  '  .,'  ■    ,.  •  ilM         -.      llii.    ■.  '      -1      1.    ( 

■  ini '--,.,;!  1  ;.i,;l  .,  !  i!|,.  -,1;  hi'^  .'  1  ,,i|ili..  ,.■! 
i                 ,    .|  .  1   .   ■;   :      ■        .iis.ti  .  I      .1  il  .  .1      '..    1.1,    ',-     ,:     .1;',!. 

1.  'i  .  "  f «i|.i-i    i.t  j^',;-        -  '1-  •'  L      -.-  :•  .'  ,  ■.  , 

!,..-    »i,(  iv         '.il       .,-    '.I..'      ,     I,         ...i      1   :    s.  .,  .  ■     t 

(akiiiir  111.'  .i.'.ii    ,  .1  .'It    ,  r-  .  t    I  ..  ',-       I''  1      ;,    .■  - 

.1      ..■      !..l.--      .(-Il  -     li-        f   |i     -lU      !.,       'II  .'',., 

'V'l  1        v'l.'i.-        :•         :.,..  -il.  •      '     t.-  •!      ''•  '  '  '      ■         t    ■'  I    .'      .1 

.  i^v'i         "'  '    '<•    '       'II      •'   --  .1  ..'■   '  *   '  lit  '      1- 

VV    '  i;.        .     H  .  .  .-..u.,:v  >•■       ■     i.  ^l  ■-  '  '-'11  t 

■'..-':        -      1.1'. -if    iilili  ''  *i  'i-  ;i      1.1'      1     ..       ...'I     ■'    »  ' -1  .     iili 

■!l      •     .;:li    ;  1'   I-     "1     ikl.i^.      Ill  i'-.  nil  I      ■■•  .,  .\!,,.|.      I 

liiiii  .iiii^iv    Wl    n  l.iiff  lii'ii    i.iii,  il.  t  1- i-i.  -11  il.  .1. Iilil.' ■•>)' . 


-  Wii  IKK  IF  *  )'-.».vlll  111  -  «li.  1.  \\iii..iiii  i  1.  1!,.  m.i,  '.i  ""''iiii'l 
llii!  liii.l  Hi.hH'Ci  il  t'lr  hi.- prniu-  n  in.sti.i  nin  1.  !u  r.ni  r  I'l'i^-i- -  v. ii., 
;iu  i'-!ik;!i.<!iiiiiiii  .-H  iiniiiiili' l.'nh-- 1' 1'  ?  .n  .-t  .1  1. -.ii .-,  ii  '•  >,■  ' 
11     lull!  i.ii'ii   iii.'iiiir.u  ■ -.  ■  i  til  tiiii   11.111'    -1   -i;i-i';    'i      .■i-i!i.,"i 

u,i    li     nil,  M,..n'(ltii  l>,  ,1  u' iili.i-;    I'l.;,:,   1-    ■•: i,...)- II'.-.',- 

-ii-.!'i.ji  liiii  tin- )..i:it   K.ii..'.    V\.,',.i   ii  11  !,  ..1  .'i,...  ,:  ■<  II  ni.iii' 

:  :'•       iHlti   |.ll      111     j;i.i      t.iilil.-i         1.       ,V.-i'       1-       ;  •-■■■•      li       '.i  .V     .f 

'iViiiiiiHi    till.  :!;i.l.    ilii.  Ill-    1  •■  ,     ,1    ',.■   ill.  t'.-r    lii;''".  • 

li.-.lk     ilil.l    I'lil'iill-.     jii    -  .  '        ..li    a:.    '    ..      '..     I'>    .ill"     ir.l.  '.11.  .1    111 
.lliiiii-rl.y  I'lVi-i.i  il    '      Il    .1    1- i  .  -  .V  !  ■ i|-.  .ni'i,  1    II  •    '..-:l.    '.i'. 

r'ni  !i-r,.i,  .>;.;.  K    ...i  ,1       ii  •  (.-i-  i,...  .-1-,;.     ■(■■•jirii,  I'.ii. 

i,  ^.  ..;,.vti,.„,  ^,  ;,  ..    .1,1 ,1...     ;    -  : -i  .1,  ;..!■.  J  1*1  It  ,  1  '11  I    ii'i;i  ., 

till-- <i ,  .1.  .1  1,;..      ..   .inii.'i      ..    l.i..    t'   .  I.  1     A|   -I' 1,. -i'l    '.  i.i' 
■•111  i  1  .  ai'ii-iM    'A,.    1.  1  . '.:   i.'ii.ii    .-1,   ki .  »'"i  -I'tii  -'     It;    'I 


"IH'.'i 


(iiii,i;ri..ii-      "1  . 


111.     .1  till  Uiin 
.lij  .!u- 


•  :    ,  ,.    '        .ivi;,,!!,   (I   rh'-lii' 1   il-   "Lii'ln   ,      I'l. 
.        "1.     1    I  ,,!lit-    l\i,....-.V    1,11,. .111.    lilt, .nil'    ' 
'I;-         '«T,    '^  ^'^:,'l■    .iiilntnl  I'V   till- «iii  :"ii''  '"'ill' '''"^  "*    ' 
lUi,    .■;,'-\'.    .nt'i    ''.c    11. '.t-uai'  i-H    Hi^.ili'-t    Illi    '  1  .    .'     iit..l      1. 
.1.  'ii'll  .  ,1    -*r.-ii!i  sii.li  t:-.'it  1.1.''    liiiitll.i   i   .1  i-i>    -  '    1'  ' 
- '  p-riiiw.  1 'i ■   iiii  1111111111'- .11  ii'i 

>Vi.i\  111,   .    iilil -.-.-nii^ii   I'.i'  ,"-'1 1   "l"  I'm'    ii:  •■    ■-•■    '     I      " 
llir..i-.i-' .11  i.iiili  Imi  riv.iil  ,■  .in'ii-.  ii-iKt  lii-ifi 'f  •      'ii'  v"  «— .'■  i'     •' 

J-.-'IlV  ii'"   I-  1.   ri.i.,  .,.-..,:         l!,.,.in  I'ln:  lit   '.rii.-il,    11'. —.  i.i     •'   s" 
lie  .%l!',I    liiili^i-it  n.i  I',    I.  .s  p.liill'i  .  I11..I  ilt"'lt-l'"„        *'--■■        ' 

ruUii   11.   1 -■ 'Ji.uli,-   .ii.i-  U'l..;    li"'    1-1 11 '1   .i.i-i-   .           1  -    ■ 

iMixir'tV.    ,11. 1.  i.iut*<-il  'ill  111  1.1 1  f'.ili.ir   il-   ,  111--'  1      "'        1          .  1  ■' 

,  111   -ii.l.Ji.mly  ,-iM     ill    ::.   \.\iv   \ '  <  1'    jH'mi    -i.    --.      ■ ,'     .-in..-  n 
'I'lliip;.,  .■x:..ri-il.-,' 


1'-^;^ 


'M' 


i'^^ 


■vtea. 


SICILY  AS   IT  la 


n  fiup  picture  of  tlin  Rcdpoiiuir  ;  mosaics  of  |H)r|iliyrv 
aiiil  v(M'(l('aiiti<)iieliii;;lit('ii  its  pavement,  aiKiaiiniiiL;  the 
five  fjiaiid  Sarco[iliaj^i  is  out!  coiitaiiiiiii»  tlio  IhhIv  of 
Frcclcficlc  Harliarossa,  opiMuiil  in  17iSl  by  iiarliarnus 
liatuis,  when  tli(>  Kfiipei'i)i''s  (lr(MS,  of  agorgiMHis  triple 
toIh!  I'liiliriiidi'ioil  with  ;;ol(l  and  jiiweis,  was  found  to  1m' 
still  in  cxccilfnt  pn-sci'vation.  Here  lies  Hiii,'cr  tlic 
first  Kill},',  '  tlitu<^too,  lie  tins  two  Oonstantia's,  Qucon 
and  Empress,  and  the  Norman  King  Henry  VI. 

'   Our  nnn  Williiini   the  l'i)iii|iii'rnr  was  not  llio  only  kiiiu'lit 
ndvcnturiT  of  tlio  Norniiin  nice  iilwiit  the  saini'  iicrioil  as  lie  in- 
Viicled  iMigliiiii).     It  WHS  in  the  year  1003  tliat  Dro^ro,  a  Xonniiii 
cliirt',  from  a  jMlpriniajje  to  Jeriisaloni,  landuil  with  alwiiit  (iirty 
conilKiiiioiis  at  SaU'rno.      Tho  Saracens  Bttackoil  the  town  whilst 
the  Norninns  were  there.     Drogo,  wltli  his  eompanionii,  ]mt  liiin- 
self  at  t  lie  head  of  tlie  people,  and  repulsed  the  invaders.     The 
Duke  of  Salerno  having  witnessed  the  prowess  of  the   strangers, 
pressed  them  to  remain.     The  pilgrims  exeused  themselves  at  the 
linu',  hut  eng.iged  to  return.     In  the  following  sprini,',    I>ro^'ii, 
witli  n  hind,  augmented  hy  no  smaUnuniher  of  bohf  adventurers, 
fulfilled  his  )Uomise,  returned    to    Italy,    and    entered    into    the 
service  of  the    Duke  of  Salerno.      Profiting  hy  the  ilissensions 
of  the  I'ope,  the   I,ond)ards,  the  Byzantines,  and  the  Saracens, 
they   sent  ov<r  in  10:i2   for  n  reinforcement  of   their  country- 
men to  reap   the   golden    harvest;  wlierenpou  William,   Dingo, 
Tristan,  and  Kaynulfus,  four  of  the  twelve  sons  of  Tanci'ed,  a 
Ji'cirnian  gentleman  of  small   fortune,  came  out  with  a  party  of 
martial  adventurers  to  Italy.     The  three  entered  into  the  service 
of  the  Greek   Kmperor,  on  condition  of  half-shares  in  the  spoil; 
and  the  eldest,  William,  the  very  nmdel  of  a  knight  of  romance, 
signnliscil  himself  by  transfixing  on  the   point   of  his  lance  (he 
Saracen  (Jovernor  of  Syracuse,  and  his  brethren  largely  aidetl  in 
the  release  of  Sicily  from   their  new  invaders.      I!ut  the   Greek 
general  tried  to  eiieat  them  of  tlieir  reward,  and  made  the  worst 
of  the  bargain;   for  the  Normans  elci'ted    Iron-.Arm  (the  nauiu 
give'u    Ui    William)    as  their    chief,    and    crossed    to    Calabria, 
where  they    seized    several    cities.      William    was    made    Ctanit 
of  Apulia;   and  on    his  death,  two  more  of  his  brothers,  Jiobert 
(afterwards    surnauieil    "the     Devil")    and    Hubert,    came   out 
in  tho  disguise  of  pdgrims.     A  Sicilian  party  a.ssassinated   Drogo, 
and  atlem]iteil  to  shake  olV  tho  invaders,  but  in  V:dn.     Even  tile 
I'ojie  himself,  when  he   attacked  them,   at  the  lie;i'l    of  bis   own 
army  in  jierson,   was  taken  prisoner.     The  \onii  ,ns  now  gave 
a  proof  that  they  possessed  as   mticb  wisihan   as  courage.      .Vwaro 
of  tlie  spiriMial   iiilhieiice  of    Uonie  on  the   minds  of  men,  they 
knew  that  any  injurious  treatment  offered  to  tlie  lieail  of  the 
Church  would    inlidlilily    bring    down    upon    them    a    deluge    of 
indignation.     Instead,  therefore,  of  treating  the  I'ope  as  a  captive, 
the  Normans  fell  at  his  feet  and  implored  his  p  irdoii   and  his 
blessing.     They   welcomed    and   conducted   liiui   as   it   were   in 
triinnphto  lleiievento.     Leo  IX.  was  so  toiiehet"  h.  a  conduct  the 
very   opposite   of  whiit  he  expected,   thali  be   "ontirmetl  to   the 
Normans   all  they  had  con(inered,  or  might    coinjuer,  in  Apulia 
or   Calabria,   and  made  an   alliance   with   the  very    men  whom 
he    cnme    to    exiiel.     Hnmphry   was    now    Count    of    Apulia, 
and  Kobert  nniile  himself  Duke  of  Calabria,  by  movements  which 
obtained  for  him  the  appellation  of  (iuiscard,  or   "  the   wily." 
On  one  occasion,  wlum,  from  the  natural  strength  of  its  situation, 
he  (lesptiired  of  taking  the  citadel  of  Malvito,  lie  sent  word  to 
the  monks  of  a  convent  within  its  walls,  that  one  of  his  officers 
was  dead,  and  besought  them  to  trive  him  burial  in  their  church. 
'I'lie  bier  was  carried  and  ticcompanieil  liy  unarmed  men.     In  the 
middle  of  the  funeral  service,  the  corpse  started  up  in  complete 
steel,  and  put  swords  into  the  hands  of  the  escort.     The  gar- 
rison, taken  by  surprise,  laid  down  their  arms,  tind   the  gates 
of   the    fortress  were   ojicned  to    Hohert  hy  his  own    soldiers. 
Kinally,   in  1039,  Koger   the   youngest    son  of   T'ancred,  eamo 
over,   the   last   and   most  fortunate   of    the   adventurous   hand. 
History     here     repeated     itself       A    fugitive    Greek     general  I 
had    brought    over    the    Saracens;     a  Saracen    chief.     Hen  et- 
Them mall,  dispossessed  of  the  government  of  Catania,  revenged 
himself  hy  persuading  Count  Koger,  whom  he   found  at  Mileto.  ! 
in    lOGl,    to    invade  Sicily.      Roger,   nothing  loth,   crossed  the    i 
Straits  of  Messina,  defeated  the  Muhammedans,  and  linally  won  \ 
the  island.     His  son  succeeding  him,  reduced  into  order  what  his 
father   had   onquered,  ami  his  fellow-adventurers  saluted  him  : 
king;  and  thus  it  came  to  pass  that  the  son  of  the  youngest  of  ! 
the  twelve  sons  ofaixior  Norman  gentleman,   who  had  left  his  ; 
country  with  no  possession  but  his  sword,  was  crowned  at   I'aler- 
mo,  the  first  monarch  who  had  ever  ruli^d  over  the  whole  of  Sicily.  | 


n 


Tlif  Sarcoplniifus  of  noircr  is  siippiirtt'd  by  kiieelin); 
•Savaccns.  'I'lici-c  aiv  lour  lai-j^c'  .sari'oplniiri  on  a  ptMJi's- 
tnl,  iind.r  a  laai'lilr  canopy,  siippurtcd  liy  four  pillars, 
'riic  iiitciior  of  tlif  Catlicdral  no  juniper  produces  the 
sniiie  Iiai-iiioiiy  of  eirect  as  nf  oki,  for  .some  Sicilian 
churciiWMiileii  has  wliitewaslieil  it.  All  the  tiiio  orria 
I  melils  pl-udilced  liy  the  tiistecif  the  fniindi'r,  .\  rcliliishop 

Walter,  tlie    Kiij,'lisli   |piime  minister  of  the  <  i I  Kiiii,' 

of  Sii'liy  —  whiise  pliiiis  all'  said,  however,  to  li.-ive  been 
iMiiinly  chosen  frcnn  timse  becpieafhed  bv  Kiiii;  W'iilinm 
the  liail— have  been  chdiieed  by  tile  rude  hand  of  iiver- 
Ciireful  clriinliiicss  - 

I'icK-eed  we  next  to  the  I'alazi.o  lietile, — royal  palac" 

no   more  ;     lor  | r   old    I'linci;   Ca.stclcicala,    loiij;  its 

lieutenunt  giiMiiior,  has  vanished  out  of  the  way.  Tia^ 
World  f,'ot  tlio  list  for  him.  ami  hxs  ]nislied  theold  dijilo- 
niatist  aside.  While  he  cut  and  slinllled,  ihe  j,'iiim' 
was  lost.  We  iniM- just  |iassed  Cicero's  house  in  the 
f'athedral  sipiare,  and  the  Itomans  liave  ;;one  ;  we 
have  seen  wlnie  ilasdrubal  fouj,'lit,  and  the  Cartlia- 
f,'iiiiaiis  itre  i;oiio  ;  we  liavo  seen  llarbarossii's  tomb, 
and  the  Suabians  ate  gone;  and  the  !;reat  Count 
Koger's,  but  where  are  the  Noriiiniis  !  'J'he  bells  of 
St.  Spirito  have  told  iis  how  the  i-'reiich  went. 
Here  is  the  Kiii;,''s  Palace,  and  tlie  liourbons  Iiave 
jioiie.  Wliat  next,  and  next  1  J'eantiful  stair- 
I'ases,  funiituiv  delicately  classical,  root's  fretted  and 
aridied,  floors  of  marble,  niiil  jirospeets  cIk'  most 
eharminij  ;      but     there     stands     a     fellow     in     ti     red 

shirt,    with    tin    Knv;lisli    rill i    his    siioiilder,     and 

he  is  ex]ilaiiiini,'  to  another  fidlow  without  ;i  shirt, 
and  with  his  mouth  full  of  tij,'s,  how  to  give  ills 
Vote;  while  yomler  beggar,  reclining  against  a  wall  on 
the  shady  side  of  the  wny,  just  raises  his  hat,  and 
taking  his  cigar  (about  a  foot  long)  out  of  his  nioutli 
a.s  we  pass,  asks  us  "Charity  for  the  love  of  God." 
We  walk  on  ;  another  beggar  meets  us  without  a 
cigar.  He  follows  and  begs — '■  what,  not  a  farthing  !" 
We  have  no  change — "lie  will  give  it  to  ns."  We  don't 
wish  to  trouble  him.  "  Then  will  the  signor  give  him 
the  cigar  he  is  smoking,  '  in  charity  for,' "  Ac.  Aroused 
and  angry,  we  rebuff  him,  but  not  comprehending  why 


-  Wai.tkhof  Ofamii.io— whom  Willinui  II.  the  son  of  William 
the  liad  seleeteil  for  his  ,  rime  maiister  when  be  came  of  age—  was 
an  Englisbmaa  of  humble  birth — the  son  ofii  miller,  it  is  said. 
He  had  been  recouimended  to  the  Court  of  Sicily  by  our  Henry 
the  II.,  who  wished  to  bring  about  an  alliaiiee  between  Ills  daugh- 
ter Joan  and  the  young  King.  Walter  was  a  man  of  gnat  ability, 
and  fiiitbful  to  his  Knglisb  as  well  a.s  his  Siciliiiii  master. 
William  the  Had,  the  successor  of  the  lirst  king  Hogcr,  wasn 
Weak  and  indolent  prince,  addicted  to  luxury  iind  governed  by 
unworthy  favourites.  Heshuthiniselt  up  in  bis  palace  and  iieLdeete<l 
the  atl'aiisof  his  Kiiiirihim.  Whilst  iiidulgiii','  witli  the  ministersof 
his  ]ileasiires,  a  lormidable  insurreetion  amused  him,  the  conspira- 
tors seized  upon  bis  youtbfiil  son.  the  Duke  of  Apulia,  and  threat- 
ened to  depose  M'lUia'u,  who  at  length  awoke,  and  with  a  vigour 
beeomiug  bis  hold  ancestors  .suppressed  the  dangerous  comniot..)ii. 
Hut  a  inelanclioly  doniestie  tragedy  darkene  I  his  triumnli.  The 
young  duke,  as  soon  as  the  tumult  was  over,  ran  opeii-armeil  to  his 
tiither,  when  William,  irritated  hy  the  sii|iposed  complicity  of  his 
own  child  with  the  conspirators  against  bis  throne  and  life, 
daslied  him  olf  with  such  great  (oree,  that  the  poor  boy  fell  hack, 
expiring,  into  bis  mollier's  arms, 

Xothiiig  could  assuage  the  grief  of  the  wretelied  king,  win) 
throwins  aside  his  royal  inantle,  cast  biniself  on  the  ground  in  an 
agony  of  deep  remorse  Itceoveriiiix  at  letiL'tb  from  his  dejection, 
he  shut  himself  up  in  his  palin-e.  and  desiriiiir  bis  servants  heiici- 
forth  to  exclude  anytbins;  thiit  could  oecasioii  him  the  least 
anxiety,  gave  himselt  up  to  Ids  liivourite  pursuit  of  architecture, 
until  suddenly  cut  ott'  in  the  very  prime  of  an  inglorious  «nd 
unhappy  existence. 


ife 


III 


III 


i 

it 
;! 

li 

■ ! 

I 


72 


ALL   UOUND  THE   WORLD. 


we  are  anjjrv,  ho  fiimlly  lioats  iis  liy  ''At  loiist  tlii^  I  colder  nurllicrii  iiotiiniH  ;  but  to  warm  soutliern 
aigiiiir  will  give  liiiii  liiilf  tlit;  v'^-.^r,  'in  cliiirity  for,' "  I  li'c  liii^s,  .mijjijistivi'  and  edit)  iiij;.  Here  tlio  inrant 
tkc,  and  so  we  i;ive  it  to  liiin.  |  iSaviour  and  I  lie  met  keyed  Virgin — tlierc  silver  erowns 

U|>  a  liroai  staireasi',  liy  open  colonnades  anil  Moorish  !  and  wax  le.i,''*  and  arms,  and  nimlels  of  distorted 
frescoes,  to  Ik  eliapel,  wliicli,  tliongli  niysteiionsly  I  linil>s,  restoled  liy  ])rayer-won  intercession.  J'ass  on, 
sombre,  yet  ^ditters  witli  a  t lionsand  j,'enis,  It  oienpies  i  nor  seoH';  the  metliod  is  nnle  ;  but  tiie  humble 
the  whole  of  one  .-ide  ot  the  I'alaee.  and  is  the  most  I  acknowledgment  of  (iod's  great  mercies  lias  made 
remarkalile  feature  in  Palermo,  combining  the  per- '  itself  a  testimony.  TiCt  us  res|ieefc  the  feeling, 
fection  of  Hyzantine  ami  Saracenic  art.  as  it  was  (  Away,  then,  ri>f)iiire,  and  ontstrippini,'  the  pursuing 
built  by  Roger,  tln'  first  Norman  king.  It  is  ;  beggars,  whom  even  war  lias  not  cleared  away,  carry 
ill  the  form  of  n  Latin  cross  (a  Greek  cupola  j  us  to  tin;  'Av/a,  i\w  last  house  of  the  last  ,*-'araccn 
rising  from  the  intersection),  with  a  long  nave, 
supported    by    exquisite    (/orintIiinn    columns,     from 


which  s]iriiig  ]iointed  Arabesipie  arches.      '1  liu  wliole 
entrance  of  the  church  is  ornaniented  claborat<'ly  with 
rich  mosaics  on  a  gold  ground,  and  the  etl'ect   produced 
is  wonderfully  rich,  softened  .is  it  is  by  the  mysterious 
shade  purpo.sely  brought  ab'Ut  by   the   narrowness  of 
the  lancet  windows.      Kvcrywhere  you  may  see  frescoes, 
antiipie  jiaiiitings,  nio.siiics,  and  rare  and  costly  objects; 
the  high  altar  is  crowded  with  some  excpiisite  antiipie 
object.s,   and   the  Hour   is   laid   with    choice    ])orpliyry, 
j.isper,  and  |)ietradiira.      The  roof  is  richly  fretted,  and 
resembles  that  of  the  Hall  of  .Iiistiee  in  the  Allianibr.i, 
.so  familial' to  all  of  us  from  Owen  Jones's  iiiiniatiireofit 
in  the  ( 'rystal  I'alare.    ( 'ontiniie  this  room  by  expanding 
it   to   oiu^  hiiiidreil  feet   by  fifty,    and  place   coirijiosite 
pillars  on  each  side — gild  walls  and  roof,  and  then  panel 
them  with  exiinisite  stones,  and  slices  of  gems  —  on  each 
side  aggregated  into  pictures  of  scenes  in    the  Lives  of 
the    Apostles — ]ilace   u   Viust,    gigantic    pictllin    of    the 
.Mniighty — a  h.ilf  length— at  the   buttoni,  just    behiiiil 
the     high    altar,     before     which     bla/e     seven     colo.s.s.il 
candles — i.,id  you  will  then  have  but  a  feeble  idea  of  the 
(/'apella   ite.ili'  of  I'alernio,   liecaiist?  you  will   want  the 
side  ch.ipels   and    the   apses,  and    that  exipiisite    f.ii^iide 
of  which   no    words   can   convey  an    idea        We   must 
return  to  the  I'alace,  and  enter  the  Koyal    apartments 
through  the  hall   of  the  Viceroys,    hung  with  the  illus- 
trious personagi's  of  .Sirilian  History;  and  long  for  tiiiie 
to  examine  some  tine  ].   rtrait-.  l>y  Velasipiez  in  another 
hall.   The  audience  room  is  hung  with  Spanish  tapestrv, 
which  tells  the  exploits  of  Don  Quixote.     The  armoiirv 
is  now  strijipcil  of  all  but  one  of  the  rams  of  Archimede.s, 
the   last   of  fotir  that  used  to  stand  at   the  |iort  of  the 
ancient  Syracu.se,  and    were   so  contrived  as   that  the 
wind  rushed   through  certain  holes  piiiietured   artfully 
in    their   mouths,    in  such  a  manner   as   to    proclaim 
by    loud    roars    from    what   ipiarter    ships    might    be 
cx])ectcd. 

In  a  liolliiwed  vault  below  this  cdiapel,  four  nol)|e 
Sicilian  matrons  expired,  after  endiiiiiig  the  slow  test 
of  lingering  starvation  rather  than  betray  the  n^treat 
of  their  hu.sbands  and  their  forces  during  one  of  the 
desjierate  strviggles  of  the  island  with  its  oiipres.sins. 
"Worthy  sister.s,"  says  the  "Unprotected  Fi'iiiale," 
"to  tho.se  whose  lovely  hair  strung  the  bow.s  to  dart 
arrow.s  from  the  walls  thnaigh  the  bnsonis  of  their 
invaders!  Yet  we  Northerns  say  the  Sieilians  fail  in 
constancy."  The  fair  writer  pronoimces  the  Sieilians 
to  bo  "more  sincere  than  the  Frem  li,  more  coin  Icons 
than  tlie  English,  more  letiiieil  than  the  (iermans." 
'.'"'lis  is  Hot  saying  luuch,  and  so  far,  at  any  rate,  we 
can  adduce  evidenci^  to  lier  experience. 

We  must  give  uj)  the  rest  of  the  churches,  but  at 
St.  Caterina  you  may  look  for  a  real  Vandyke  of  the 
Virgin  ;  and  everywhi.'ro  see  .strange  mixtures  of  the 
devout    and    the   saintly    ludiorous,    startling    to    our 


i  in  Palermo.  These  walls  we  ]iass  are  not  of  Moorish 
1  gardens,  such  as  Cervantes  ojiens  to  us  in  his  exipiisite 
tale  of  the  ('a)itive  ;  no,  they  are  walls  of  the  gardens 
of  the  Nunneries,  and  there  fh  ats  a  veil,  as  the  pale- 
faced  dark-eyed  girl  di.sajij.eai'S  from  her  post  of 
vantage,  at  the  .sound  of  our  ap]iroaching  coach- 
wheels.  Jlow  exipiisite  this  luoiiaslic  retreat!  How 
luxurious  this  hall  !  Thiinks  to  some  kind  influence, 
some  sjiiri  of  a  Lulla  JJooki;  that  has  ]ireserved  i' 
so  far  unharuied  ;  for  hardly  a  corner  of  the 
house  is  as  it  should  be,  that  is,  as  it  was.  Some  one 
has  made  it  "comfortable,"  and  jiliiced  high  baekid 
chairs  and  a  toilet-table  and  jiiaiio.  'I'here  are  the  three 
recesses  where  the  ladies  ,sat;  and  there,  before  the 
centre  reces.s,  is  the  conl  fountain,  flow  ing  duwn  to  a 
marble  eliaiiiiel  in  the  marble  floor.  As  tor  the  lovely 
garden  that  used  to  be  (so  late  as  loL'fi)  while  the  road 
now  is,  which  liad  a  loiintain  in  a  tish-jiniid  fed  from 
that  fountain,  iitid  where,  in  the  upper  floor,  the  ladies 
ii.sed  to  sit  and  watch  the  fish  play,  while  all  around 
was  a  "  lieautifiil  garden,  filled  jirilici)  ally  with  oranges, 
lemons,  and  other  shrubs,"  and  "an  inclosure.  with 
wild  jinimals,"  they  are  all  of  the  ]iast.  1  here  is, 
howcNcr,  jii>t  such  a  fountain  in  the  garden  on  the 
other  side  of  the  road,  and  (.laribaldi  has  brought  with 
him  wild  aiiiiiiids  enough,  lleaMii  knows! 

There  are  Palaces  in  plenty  to  be  seen.  '1  he  Favor- 
itii,  h.i It' an  hour's  drive  fruiu  the  town,  with  its  spleii 
(!iil  iiMuiie.s,  fiiiir  miles  long!  round  the  siile  of  Mount 
Pellegiiiiii,  and  skirting  the  (-ea.  it  was  a  roval  resi- 
dence, but  "something  ails  it  now."  Then  thcieis  the 
Muteiii  I'alace,  with  itsl  all  lodinorniiiiuiited  with  coral. 
There  is  lu'i'e  a  little  diapid  with  klueling  wax 
tlguies  ill  Tia|ipist  garb.  The  group  coiriiiemorates 
th<'  siieiitice  which  a  young  Sicilian  maiden  made  to 
atone  fur  lia\ing  dri\en  a  devoted  lover  1o  a  cell  and 
despair.  IJepeiiting  too  late,  she,  lawever,  a.sstimed 
the  habits  of  that  rigid  <ir(h'i',  and  passed  her  sorrow- 
ful exisleiiei^  by  his  side,  uiidiscovi'ied  till  hei'  dying 
day.  And  the  guy,  light,  elegant  t'oicelli  Palace— so 
<'xijiiisitely  fill  111- hed— where  the  late  Kniperor  ot 
Kussia  \\yvi\  to  live,  and  whejiee  every  iiight  he  used 
to  eoiiie  forth  to  walk  about  on  the  Marine  Parade, 
with  his  daughter  hanging  on  his  urm.  No.  we  must 
pa-ss  the  Palaces,  although  all  thi'ir  owners  have  not 
gone,  and  many  will  fight,  as  the  Sicilian  Jlarons  of 
old  did  for  their  country.  There  is  some  jiiosj  ect  now 
of  advantage  for  education,  refinement,  and  intelligence. 
There  Wiui  none  bi'tiire. ' 


'  l? very  spark  of Mitelligpiiee  was  but  view iil  willi  Die  atiiioet 
su*]iiiioii  iiiiil  ilnail  liy  llie  (ioviTiiineiit  ef  the  Tui)  Sieihes. 
lilvi'iy  atluinpt  to  iikivl'  I'erHiinl  was  met  by  liisfiraco  and  im- 
lirisoiinicnt  llanl  anil  ilicisive  .>it(']is  were  takiii  to  ri'pri's.n  tbt) 
desire  tiir  ailvancLMm'iit  nf  every  kind  ;  any  man  a  sliade  aliiive  bi8 
fellow  in  iiitelU'ct  and  activity,  any  man  cnj"yiii^'  public  confi- 
deiiei',  and  considered  by  public  opiniuii  as  worthy  of  estvcu)  and 


f%- 


81C1LY   AS   IT    rS. 


THE    ROCK    AND    TOWN    OF    SCYLLA,    COAST    OF    SICILY. 


Sii  nil' till-  ^^onn•lll(^  nil  dil  iiioiiiiiiiiii  (nwn  foiiuilrd 
liy  \Villi:iiii  tlic  ( jiHiil,  1111(1  rli.i nil iii^ly  siIiimIciI  —  tliinimli 
lliu  jil-iMt  si'il-j,'ilti!,  I'cirtil  lAliii',  -llic  ll;i|i|iy  (iiltr, — 
liy  ;i  ^Tiilli'  nscciit  iiilo  tlic^  inti  rim'  dI  lln'  isliiinl,  nut  nf 
lli(!  sidi;   of  I'lilcniic)  liu-tlicst  tVniii  llie  srii,  iilid  ci|i|Hi^itc. 

We  me  111!  a  iinnd  liroiid  cm  riiij.'i' rnnd,  iiiid  we  cliiiilj 
;iliili<^   iicms.s  llirniiuli    wliiit    WMs   oiici^  a  wild   rnimliy. 

riit!  Irgciid  runs  that  tin"  spnt  >vas  tni'iiicrly  (•(ivci-cd 
with  a  wild  forest,  whither  Williaiii  11.  re|iaiicd 
iVoiii  I'alei'iiio  to  iiidulj,'c  in  his  favoiiiite  aiiiiiM' 
iiieiit  of  Imiitiiiij;.  When  overtaken  liy  slnnilier  iifter  his 
latigues,  the  Virj{in  Mary  a|i|ieared  to  him  in  a 
vision,  ami  desired  him  to  enet  a  I'hnreh  in  her 
honour  on  the  very  s|»>t.  The  |)ioiis  nionareh 
determined  to  outdo  all  his  former  ellorts,  and  the 
result  is  seen  hefore  us,  standing;  out  I  leauti  fully,  midway, 
oil  the  mountain  side,  as  we  drive  up  the  valley 
lietweon  hedjj'es  bordered  witheaeti,  <,'orj^eous  in  spring; 
with  red  flowers,  and  riidi  with  the  ilelieious  fij;.  The 
ehiirch  is  a  niai  vel,  with  its  hronze  fjate  luid  two  hundred 
liillai-s  The  ijronze  jjate  is  riehly  oriiaineiited  with 
small  figures  in  eoin|iartnients,  and  a  grand  aralies(|iie 
pattern.  It  is  the  wcirk  of  IJonani  of  J'isa,  the  joint 
architect  (with  William  the  Tnaeaii)  of  the  celehrateil 
Leaning  Tower,  ami  is  a  work  of  euriositv,  lieeause, 
until  this  one,  hronzo  gates — a  miieh  coveted  church 
ornainoiit — had  lieeii  brought  solely  from  ("onstanti- 
nople.     Gregory  VII.  (or  Ilildebraiid)  brought  those  of 

respect,  any  one  connected,  cither  liy  tics  nf  luiluiv  or  the  lioiiils 
of  friendship,  with  men  of  Icarnin;;  mid  practical  projircs^,  was 
marked  out  for  juiHcial  persecution,  tliougli  liuiiible  and  s  lint 
under  the  tyrant'8  sceptre. 


St.  Paul's  at  Koine  t'ri,ia  ( 'olistaiitiliople.  when  sent  on 
an  embassy  to  the  tlrcek  Kiupeior.  The  interior  is 
glorious  in  liislnrir  pictures  ;  the  walls  being  covered 
with  repnseiitations  of  the  whole  I'.ible  History,  and 
all  of  them  are  as  fresh  and  nntiinii.-hed  as  on  the  day 
when  they  were  first  .set  U|i.  The  ca]iitals  of  the 
pillars  consists  of  volutes,  with  foliage  and  figures 
interuiixed  ;  i>ii  one  of  these  eii]ii*.ils  the  pious  Kingwho 
founded  it,  is  seen  introdiK  iiig  to  the  N'irgin,  who 
enjoined  till'  liiiilding  of  si>  suliliiiie  an  edifice, 
till'  architect  who  ilesigned  it.  In  the  ceiitru  apse 
is  a  colo>sal  lialflciigth  of  the  Almighty,  eiivi- 
roiicil  by  the  N'isioii  of  the  Apocalypse  and  all  the 
Apostli's.  Mere  are  ihroiies  fortlieaich  bishop,  and  for 
the  King,  over  which  is  a  mosaic  of  the  Itedeciiier 
iilessing  the  good  nionareh  The  efleet  of  this  pictnrt* 
is  not  so  intense  as  that  of  the  great  one  over  the  altar, 
which,  wherever  you  go,  seems  to  follow  you  with 
earnest  piercing  look,  and  lii'ing  of  vast  size,  has  a 
strange  and  bv  no  means  pleasant,  though  a  very  striking 
eU'ect.  W  illi.'im  the  (iood  is  buried  here  in  a  porjihyry 
sarcoph.igus  ;  and  in  the  Ileiiedictiiie  monastery  :.'■ 
tiii-hed  is  the  famous  )iii  ture.  by  Novelli.  ot'  Saint 
lleiiedict  blessing  that  good  Monarch.  All  the 
ornamentation  of  the  Cathedral  is  wrought  upon  a 
gold  ground,  as  in  the  ('apella  Itcale  ;  from  which  the 
splendour  of  the  whole  can  lie  imagined.  Luckily,  we 
had  no  ladies  in  onr  party,  ami  were  at  liberty  to  go 
wlieri'  ladies  are  iiol  admitted,  — to  the  to)i  of  a  stee)! 
winding  path  from  Monreale, — mi  mule  back,  (never 
walk  in  these  sunny  climes  if  you  can  avoid  it),  u|>  to 
the  lienediclinc  C'oiivcut  of  Saint  Martin. 


n 


ALTi   ROUND  TllK   WORLD. 


(  I 


\Vi>  piHs,  lit  tlio  wiiy  »i'l''.  im  i>M  rii>ili'.  i>iiii'  ;i  t'liiii-css. 
Mii'ii  n  niiiii  i.Mii'i'v,  lin(  iii'vv  ilom-ili'il.  Mmiri'iili'  unci 
Siihit  Merlin  liivi>  sr|iiiil>lili'il  ulioni  it.  Tin'  i|u:in'c'l 
in  Hi'ltli'il  iiotv,  lor  ill  (III'  iiiriji'  iililcin^  pile,  wiili  \\\\vk 
wiiiU,  wi>  siiw  (III-  i'imI  siiirl  iitiil  till'  ttli'iiiiiiii^  of  m 
li.'iviiMi't    tliil  t'>l<l   111  III'  III!  imllyiii;^  pi(|Ui't,  iiikI,  /hi- 

/I'll.'r  I   '   ,1S  uooil  lurk    Willllll    luivi-    it,  llll'j'   WITC    M   |illllV 

1)1'  iMir  ,iv\  II  1  iiiMliviiii'ii  ! 

Oil.  till'   |ilr;i>iiii'  nt'  lint  li'ii  iiiiiMit(M  nil  llmt  iiiniiii 
t«in,  liMikiiii;   mi-r  lli.it  v,ill.>',  "vr  lli.it  (^ily,    In  llml 
Hiiy  !     N'rMT  lii'l'iirr  Wiis  liiin- ic m  riiji'vi'il   in  siu'li  i\ 
pi'iispc'i  t.  Mini    iii.iiiy    wiM'i'   till'     Uiml    inliTcliiiiiijrs    nf 
lliiMi;;lit,  ,iMil    iiH'tnnrii'M  nl'  Imnii'   iinl  nf  ijic  pusl.      We 
li.iil  cninynl  iiiiiii'  sljijlit  skiiMiisliiim  Inmllicr.  and  liml 
knnvvn  «liit   it   \V^|<  in  ihilli'i'  In  llir  lini^li' nt' :i  wliisliin^ 
liillli'l,   nil    .Mil.i/./i    liciitlils,    lus    Wi'll    lit'l'ni'i'    .'iMil   nl'liT 
liii'.tklii.st   iis  witliniit   ilinncr,  iiinl    wil!i    iimn'    slmwcis 
tll.lll  yri'ilt  1'nil.s  ;    si>    Wi'  Imli  .1  iinlilit'il    mill  pilssi-il  nii  ; 
tlioy  111  I'liili.irk  I'nr  Capuii  mul  jjlnry,  Knrwaril!  iiinl  wc. 
tn  top  the  riiliji',  Kxrolsinr'   I'nr  tin-  nn  loss  pii'tnn'.si|in' 
lli.iii  ri'lolirili'il  I'linvi'iit  nl'  Siiiiii   Marl  in.      It  w.is  jn^l 
lii'i'f   thai    wi'  riinii'  npnn  a  vi'lii.ln  nl'  a    -<triiiii;i'  I'nn- 
stnii'tinn.   :i  htticii,    nr   s'l'i'piiii;  i' irii,i'.;i\  limy  rail  it, 
— a  kiiul  nl' sliiT  nl'ii  ilnnlili'  r.ii  ri  inn  willmnt  wlin'ls  -- 
nn    t'xiiiijii'r.ili'il    si'ilun    I'liair    -nn    pn'rs,     with    ninlis 
in    p'ari'     nl"    rliairnii'ii,    nun    lii't'.ri'.     ami    tlm     nlinT 
lirtiinil.    Wn  tnnk  .1  ski'li'li  nl'  il.  .nil I  ynn  nill  m'i'  it  in  llin 
inniiniaiii  li.vi'ki,'rnuii'l  (jn^l  as  we  s.iw    it    imiisi'Im'sI    nl' 
till'  laMi'.'in  nl'  Sinliaii  I'n^tiinii's,   (.-cr  p.  8.M     Yniinm 
iini  .always  ui'l  riiriaLTi's  in   lln'  i'niiiitry,.iiiil.  «lirii  ynn 
iln.  ynn  wnnlil    lii>    pii/ylml   In    liiul    a    mail  li>r  llii'in    In 
liavi'l  lipnli.     Sn,    ai    il  i>.  ynn  will    jiaxr   In  i,'n    i|iiii;li' 
ilaiiijliiii;  lii'twi'iMi   iHn   i|niiki'\s.  tlirmiiih  llin  nniintrv 
if    yon    must    travnl     in    sm'li    mit  nl' tin'  way    plaii's. 
Hnt  \vt>  aro  at    this    I'nnnns  I'mnniit.   iiinl   as    ravi'l'iillv 
shut  out  nl'  tlio  wnvlil  as    il'  in    .i    w  ililrrni'ss.       Take  a 
linwl  ami  plaster  its  siilos  wiilirn.k  shapn  I'Xi'ri'sri'iiri's, 
stirk  a  hiius(>  at  tlii>  linllniii,  .iinl  palm  Ircns  all    rnnml 
I,i't   thi-ro  In'    a  liranlilnl   unnii    lawn    ami  a   i;ai'ili'n. 
anil    applos   aiiil    ni'.iiiiji's    aiiil     loiiiniis    ami     alninmls 
ilnwn    at     till'    linltnni,    anil   rnii^^li   .in  I  ilaik    I'lnknii 
ina.ssi's     of    Inliaiii'   all    rtmiiil   up    tlm   siilcs    .mhiI    that 
will  1h\  San  Marliiin  mil  its  siln     Snn  hnw  I'liaiiniiiijjv 
till"    pnrpli'  run .ilvnlns    trails    its  luxuriant    wri'.ith.s, 
aiiil  si-i'  till"  i;nn.|  lathnr  is  iiivitiin;   ns  in   In   Iniu'ln'nii 
aiiil    ivpnao.        Plu'iv    is  a   i'i|iital    liliraiy,  Imt    is   not 
tlio  w  itii' jinn.l  I    ami  hnw   iniu'h    ninrc  intorostiiii;  that 
bnnrli   if  ijr.ipi's  than  tho  in  iinisrriptsi 

Till'  mail  hniiii'.  ilnwinv.inls  to  Pilnrnin,  |iri'si'iitivl 
evnrywhi'ri'a  vii'vv,  liki'  a  I'nrnst  nl' ■.^iriliiis,  rii'li  anilili 
viM-sitiiil.  Il  is  I'asy  tn  nninpri'lii'iiil  linw  Sii-ily  rmihl 
h.ivi'  lii'i'M  till'  iiranary  nl'  linni '.  ainl  hnw  tlif  "lu'l-ils  nl' 
tin-  Sun"  iniglit  wi'U  have  lu'i'ii  siiil,  in  aiiricnt  tinii's. 
tn  lu\t' pastnroil  in  those  ]>laiiis,  n;-  ralhor  i  linsi"  nl' 
Etna,  whoso  ilistant  oniii'  i<  jnst  poivoptililo.  rrnni  ilio 
tnpinnst  pnint  over  towanls  niir  riijlil,  ;i.s  wo  i,'n  tnwanls 
tho  so:i. 

Tho  llowors  that  loil  Prn.sorpino's  foot  wamlorin, 
in  tho  Vallov  of  Kiiiia,  .iro  still  smiling  all  almiil. 
Kvory  innuntain  ilalo  is  liright  with  anoniniio.s  nf  niiiiiy 
oiilinii"s  ;  tho  nix'his  )ilaiit.s  aro  singularly  lioantilul 
Tho  ilanghtor  of  Coros  h.is  boquoathoil  lior  llnral 
t.astos  tn  high  ami  Inw  tlirnni.'linnt  tho  laiiil  Kvory 
whrre  tho  stroots  aro  full  nf  nnsog-.iys.  ami  wnmon  nf 
every  rank  fostonii  thoir  ovouing  ilrossos  with  llowoi-s. 
ino]iing  them  up  tastefully,  ami  trimming  iheiii  with 
hniupiets  ami  real  flowers.  As  for  the  men,  tlioy  all  wear 
a  short  cloak  or  cape,  somothing  after  the  old   Spanish 


I  fasliinii,  ami  I  hey  Iriintheii  rlnt lies  with  pislnlsa ml  kni von. 
Mvi'iy  line  is  arnii'il,  ami  oM'iyw  hero  lliat  a  tree  eaii  ho 
foiiiiil  with  a  liii'il  singing  nn  it,  hang!  gnos  a  gnn  ;  I'nr 
I  hero  ari'  nn  game  laws  lii'ir,  .mil  every  nneslinnlse\ory- 
thing.  Wo  iloii'l  think  Ihey  liaM'  miiili  stnmaeh  I'nr 
real  liglitiiiL,'.  lliose  Sieiliaiis.  perhaps  u'onil  ilrilling 
ni.'iy  make  them  snlilii'is.  ami  nllii'ii's  limy  nan  IriiNl  may 
liriiig  tlioiii  up  In  light  :  lull  liny  have  tho  Spanish 
paiiialily  for  long  slinls.  ami  ijin  Italian  aversion  to 
elnsi'  ipiaitors. 

t  >nr    next    exonrsinn     was    to    Hagaria     (Ihigheria, 

iniiininnly   oalhil     Itaaria.)    or    Mniiiil    Calalfaiin;    nn 

llie  nppnsiti'   lini'ii,    hraillainl,  ni    eape  nf  I  he    Itay,   to 

Mniiiil    rolli'i;rini)       It    is  nearly  si'voii   miles  ilislani, 

alniig   .1    piilly    rnail   hy    liio   sea  siile,   ami    lieiiig   the 

Kii'liinnml    nf    ralernm.    ami    the    snlnirliaii    plouMini' 

resiilenoe    nf    the    nnliilily,    there    are    fniir    or    live 

nninilinsos.   nf  iiinsl    iinoasN    springs,   rnnning  ii|i  ami 

ilnwii  tn  the  ileient  little  wliito  paiiileil  \  illage  throiigh 

the    clay.      The   grami    iininsily  nf  the   place   is    tho 

I'alargonia    Villa,  nmo  so  colehrateil    I'nr  its  innnkoy 

innnslrnsitii's,  ami  that   of  the  I'riiiei'  Sorra  ill    Kalon, 

w  huso  gaiileiis.  with    tlnir  Imig  alleys  nf  nloamlor  ami 

grn\es  nf  loinnii  ami   nraiige   Iroes,   their   lahyriiilhs  u( 

Jessamine    ami    alne,    ami    all    the    rich    fnliage   of  the 

lieaiitifnl  Siiiliaii  elimale.    ate   now   iintioed  for  a  little 

trick    nf.i  hormirs  cell,    inin  which   y  mi  aro   grailnally 

leil  on  liy  a  rustic  path,  ami   npeniiii;  the  ilnnr,  ynn  .see 

a  monk.  « Im  jumps  up  at    yniir  ontianco.  ami  gesticii- 

lalos  \  inliiiily  ami  angrily.      The  lignro  is  an  aiitoma- 

Inli.  ami  ynn   trc.nl  npnn   the  spring  as  yon  outer.     (.H 

cniirse  ynn  are  startlcil.  ami  gel  \cry  hot  ;   Init  you  aro 

sunn  cnnlril   hy  aunt  her   licrmil  a  short  ilislalico  nil"  on 

.•kpprnaching  wliniii,  nnlcssyiiii  have  lioeii  lilioral  heforo- 

li.'iiiil  In  (lie  guiilo.  a  oopioiis  iliscliargo  I'rniii  innnnierahlo 

w.iler  spouts  .awaits  yon.       The  giiiilc  can    put  you  just 

upon   one    righteous   spot,   wliioli    the    water  iloos   not, 

tniicli,  lull    ho    is  not    pnlilc  enniigh   tn  ilii   this   in   all 

cases   ami    the    luitl    nf  the    parly    is   goneially    maile 

the  w.iter  liiilt   for   llio  nccasinii       In    mir  riilos    hack- 

w.inls  aiiil  fniHat'ls  we   nli.siivoil   groups   nf  lisherincn 

ciii,'agcil    in    the   luniiy    li^hcry,   a  large  ami    impnrlant 

imluslry  thrnu^hniit    the    Meilitorr.inciin.  -in  fad,  the 

c.nl  tishcrv  nf  tho  South.     The  lish  arc  ilrivcii  in  slinal" 

within    large   nets,    ami  grailnally    cnnipn'ssoil    into    a 

smaller  s|>aco.    nr  rnniii.  as  it  is  callcil  ;  llieii  large   ll.it- 

liollomcil  lioiits  cin.so  roimil  this  chamhcr  nl'ileatli,  the 

not  is  woigheil,  anil    the  lish  aro   (loxtrniisly  striiik  nn 

the  heail  with  a  eluli.  arinoil  with  a  small  spike.     Tho 

soene  is   niie  of  \  inlont  oxcilenient,    the  aotivily   of  tho 

men  atiil  the  strngules  oltlie  lish  giving  great  animatiou 

to  the  whole,  especially  as  the  lish  arc  .sn  large  that  you 

will  see  steaks  oi  Iheni  I'rnm  I'niir  tn  eight  foot  in  length 

hancing  up  for  sale  at  the  cmner  nf  every  street       The 

sun   along   tho  mail   isintonsoly  scnrching.    iimlor   the 

shiclnvv    nf  a  eacliis  —  grown  into   a  largo  tree,  hy   the 

rnail  siilc— a    lini'sc    ami   cart  aro    shcllcroil  ;   there,  at 

the  spring  siilo,  is  a  group  of  peasant  women,  the  centre 

one  with  a  terra  cottji  j,ir  on  In  r  hoail,  just  as  wo  have 

skotchcil    her    in    onr    illustratinn     (see,    ]>.  86)  ;     tho 

young  man  on  liei  right  is  a  mnleteer;  the  ilark  looking 

Irish  kiiiil  of  "jontleman  "  on  her  left  is  a  shepherd,  an 

ordinary  pea.siint  ;  iho  jolly  fellow  with  the  oowl  tfriar 

—  they  get  the  host  of  everythitig  in  tithes  and  the  host 

of  good   wine  ;   we  s;iy  ijnnl,  for  your  Sicilian  wine  is  of 

charniingquality  when  well  tcndcil ;  as  a  white  wine,  that 

of  Svraciise  especially  -  it  is  soincthiiig  hetweon  sherry 

and  Madeira,  the  clearness  of  one  .and  the  richness  of  tiie 


i  I 


if 


III 


k 


V"- 


f5 


fw 


m: 


1  g    ! 


if    ii 


SICILY    AS   IT  IS.  7» 

oUmt — iiiiil  two  poiiro  II  nuiiit.   Tlir  ivd  wines  Mi-i"  nitlicr  ■  (wo  m-  lliii'i'   d.iyn,  a  Jjiili"!      Tlii-  mi'iitinii   iif  ii    wiinl 


oiirtiiv    III    llMvciur 


lil<.'    ll 


>r  till'  Ci 


I 


Viiiin  till'  wJMC  it  i:iH"      lull    tills  Irmii 


Sdulli  !  iiiiikc 


lliiiik    of 


>s  iiihl  rilic'sliiiiL;  ;    liiil  lliif 


lliri'ClN  !llll 


liollli 


s  Would    llini   oul    :i    Willi'    just    llclWi'c'M       I 


w.iiil    ol  r.iii 
t   liciN 


siiiHcoisa  linl   lilast  ~  II    dries  \ on,   sii 
iresse.s  down    voiir  soiiils   wiili   m 


ll'oeMi 


I'oit  mid  |{iiri;iiiiilv,  IIim)   would  e\;ii  I  Iv  til  llio    Kli'disli      No'    lei.  llieiii 


si  1 1 


es  you,  .'Mill 
ll     liki'    lead. 


Ii'll'  Mlllsllllie  ami  I  lleir  III  lie  skv 


iirnili  lor  Mr,  (il.idsloiie  1  ami  tire       we  will   yive    llieiii    llieir 


|>alale  :  iiiid  then      li 

well  to  lieersol'  all  kinds,  1 1 lack,  sweet  mid  liilter,   no  Hir     llieir  iiiiisii'  ;  lieller  ii 


iiKHiiilili'il.  Ilii'ii'    llowei's,  ami 


l,aml 


as  enjiiviiienl  is  eomenii'd  ;  tor  it  is  i|iiile  |io.s-.ilile  |o 
have  it  omt  in  Kni^lai.d,  .iiid  sold  liy  retail  at  a  shilliiiij 
(lie  iiuail, 

l!aj;aria  is  a  tlirixiiiLT  little  town,  with  a  Inisy  |io|ni 
latioli  of  t'l.llllll  souls,  w  liosi'  |iniiei|ial  oeeii|ialion  is  a 
fjood  lislieiy  ;  I  hey  a|i|iear  to  In'  mii  orderly  and  i|iiiet 
elass  of  |ieo|ile,  iMid  the  |dai('  has  always  a  holiday 
look,  espeeially  on  those  eveiiinys  when  its  litlh>  liay  is 
full  of  |i|easiiie  sailing  eralt,  .iml  its  mad  ei-owded 
with  eaiiiai;esof  I'aleiniitaii  ijenliA ,  whoeoiiie  to  eiijov 
the  drive  there,  its  t'resh  and  luaeiii;;  air,  and  its 
I'lleliantiiiL;  .seenery.  We  leave  with  rei;rel  its  L;ardi  lis 
mid  palaees  tor  (he  sultry  sea  side  road,  —  its  coast, 
indenleil  with  recesses,  upon  which  the  lirii;ht  sea 
dashes,  sparkles,  and  fo.inis  ;  its  hamlets,  hills,  :ind  vali's, 
hacked  with  rail;  i^f  tar  risini;  iiio.inliiiis,  ovcrtoppiu^r 
each  other,  and  .Mount  Ktni  risint;  oMr  ,ill  ;  the  l.dl, 
wavini;  palms,  that  rise  ,icro.ss  its  liliie  sky,  (he  dark 
cypress  alleys,  the  luau'noli.is,  the  luilliaiit  verdure  o| 
the  Iciiion  mill  theyiii'c.i  (.Nilaiiis  iieedle).  cistern  .ind 
tropiciil,  all  iirowiiisj  free  wilhoul  hot  lioii.scs  ;  ihc 
founl.iins  ;inil  the  llowers;  the  spiirkliii',' .iiieiiioms  ami 
rare  scarlet  llowers,  mid  shrnlis  with  lieIN  .if  liliu' or 
ilarkest  piir|ile,  with  velvet  \  aiic^aled  leaves,  ami  the 
aide  sea,  swc'cpinj;  arouml  all,  I. clow  ;  llien,  loo,  the 
rtdineii.  with  their  dark  petlii'o.ils  ,i:id  lirii;lit  short 
skirted  pelis.ses  ami  jackets.  'I'lie  |iiirple  iiioiilitaiiis 
werealnioit  veiled  with  mists  of  lii'al,,iiid  tin' coiiiitrv 
lay  rich  and  liixnriaiil  to  tlu'  nioiint  liii's  I'eet,  lievon.l 
which  .'I  thin  white  sli 'ct.  like  smoke,  iiiarked  the 
coll"  ol'  l\lii,i,  lost  in  the  j;reyiiess  of  the  ilist;iiit  skv 
We  passeil  tliroiii;li  a  little  villai;e,  the  inaeearoni 
iiiid  onions  liaiiiiiiii;  in  streaks  ae|•o^<s  the  i;rated  win 
ilows,  orchards  of  liiiil  trees  skirted  the  windinj;  road, 
alio\e  hedges  of  tall,  slcndi'r  liiiicls,  and  quaint,  i;riiii 
tiii;;ered,  I'actuses,  with  aloi's  twenty  feet  liifjii,  and 
geraniums  and  fuchsias  enli\  eiiiiii,'  the  dense  dark 
green  liiickiiroiind.  ()liser\c,  as  we  roll  alonn,  those 
white  hooded  peas.int  yirls,  those  li.shcrmcii  and  mule 
teers,  and  a  carriage  and  si.v,  .1  rei;iil.ir  dras,',  with  post 
horses,  lieloiii,'iiio  to  some  rich  ('oiiiil  ;  ninle.i  laden 
wifh  siilpliiir.  ninles  laden  uiili  toliacco,  a  lietcher 
killini;  an  o.\  liy  tin'  ro.id  side,  ami  peasants  sipieci-iiii; 
oil  from  olives  in  a  rush  basket,  sipnidroiis  of  riii.il 
cavalry,  tic  nioniited  National  'oiard,  in  I'Veneh  kepi^ 
and  reil  shirts,  with  Icei^  lioots,  \oluiilecrs,  caceialori 
(felt  hatted  ritlenieii  of  j.omliardyl,  sipiadri  (Sicilian 
militia),  xoluiilecrs  and  pressed  nieii  ;  the  hox,  the 
priest,  and  the  cross  liy  the  wayside,  to  reiiiiiid 
us  (o  siiy  our  prayers  ami  leave  a  few  tari  ;  lail  a 
tiiro,  which  is  ,iiisf  less  than  a  fonrpemiy  pici'i',  L;oes 
as  f.iv  as  11  franc  (which  is  teiipeiiee)  in  l''rance,  or 
ei>;liteeii  peni'e  in  Kiif^iaiid.  The  friars  of  various 
ordi'rs  are  the  lies!  men  in  Sicily,  ami  showed  lliem 
seh  es  so  in  the  late  eonllict.  It  is  only  a  pity  that,  like 
the  noliility,  they  are  too  will  oil' to  have  to  work  for 
tlioir  livini;.  .\  country  without  trade  and  coninicice, 
with  no  education,  and  no  industry,  re(|nircs  sonietliiiii; 
even  imire  than  religions  feelini,'  t<i  reueuerate  it. 

Hk  '   the  Sirocco  !     The  air  is  hot  and  dry  ;  (hen  up 
getin  the  wind  until  it  blows  a  Loi-riciuc,  and  then,  for 


ilieili  loi;  any  evcniii;,'  than  a 
Sicilian  sirocco.  We  hasten  lioiiie,  and  shut  oiiiselves 
np,  to  make  preparations  for  our  tour  round  the  islainl, 

j  and    til   lead    and    write  letters        i.ettersl     A    Sicilian 

letter  is  ind I  a  ciiriosiiy.       it   is   Jiisl    like    what  they 

liriiii;  ill  to  the  clown,  in  a  p.iiiloiiiiiiic  lor  a  letter — u 
lar^'c  sipi.'ire  tliiii'^,  with  an  imiiieiisc  seal,  and  a  paper 
of  the  roni^he-t  and  least  wliilc  it  can't  lie  that  they 
have  110  raijs  to  make  il  ol' ;  for  iic\l  In  Ireland,  Sicily 
carries  ilic  palm  in  ra^s  ;  and  as  for  lil'ioiis  material, 
tlli'\  have  aloes  i'iioli;;li  .ill  lilire  to  liiinish  paper  sliitl' 
tor  all  the  possiMe  p.iper  III  I'luropc  110  liad  addition, 
on  some  future  dav,  to  their  general  cyporls  of  snlplinr, 
wine.  oil.  Ill  irMe,  ainlicr,  cor.d,  ..liini,  milimoliy,  salt, 
hemp,  siiiiiach,  \aiiill.i,  fish,  li^s  Imney.  oi'iinnes,  leiiions, 
and  a  few  niiiior  articles 

It  is  one  o'clock,  and  the  shops  e\  en  in  llic  main 
street  are,  aliiiosi  all  of  lliem,  hall  elo.sed.  '{'he  shop- 
keepers  are  asleep,  or  enjoy  in;;  a  hath.  I'l\  cry  one  I, ikes 
it  easy  lliounh,  s.i\e  the  sirocco,  then'  is  iiolhiiii,'  very 
eiieiAatiiii;  or  relaxint;  alnnit  the  climate  ;  the  tem 
peraliirc  in  summer  lirin^  al  out  Ml",  and  seldom 
without  .'I  cooling;  lircc/c  from  thcse.i,  ami  in  winter 
alioiit  -I.")",  Iml  then  the  lireive  is  w.iriii  Itiit  they  are 
a  pleasure  seekini,'  people,  and  the  clincile  lempts  llieiii 
to  late  lio'irs  -for  with  the  hour  of  siiiisci  a  new  life 
seeins  to  liei;iii.  'riieii.  .iloui;  the  .M.irilie  I'araile,  is 
I  lend  the  iiinsic  of  the  re;;iiiieiit.il  liands,  while  t  he  »  Imle 
merry  hearted  popiilacetiirn  out.  to  ride  or  ilri\  e,  orwiilk 
or  u.iiiililc,  prince,  coiiul,  shopkeeper,  and  lii'L;i;ar 
to  ipiair  lemonade,  drink  ices,  siiiokc  .iml  pl.iy  cards  nut  il 

twelve.    Cards.  too,arc  an  .imnseinenl  all  d.iy  ;  t  hej rest 

and  the  lowest  iiiav  lie  seen  "  makiiiL;  llieir  yaiiie  '  in 
the  streets,  in  I  he  doorways,  even  in  1  he  cliiirch  porches. 
The  Sicilian  I. idles  of  the  liiuhcr  order  are  of  the 
Sp.inish  hiecd,  short  and  slim,  with  line  lustrous  d'rk 
eyes,  Iml   their   mouths    .ire    larye    and    llieir    faces    too 

lllin.       'I'lie    cliildreii     are    lovely.       The    ;;clitli' 11    1    " 

tiller  lookilii;  tlia'i  the  ladies,  with  p.ile  ile.ir  sk.lis, 
line  dark  eyes,  and  an  iiilellecliial  expression,  tail  and 
well  niade,  and  fastidious  111  dress  in  piililic.  They  all 
follow  {''rciicli  r.ishions,  Iml  their  favoiirile  colours  are 
claret  .and  lirowii.  ( >t'  the  clergy  the  .Icsiiils  are  the 
most  aristocratic  looking,  and  are  a  talented  class  of 
nien,  hut  they  avoid  foreigners  and  take  no  part  in 
politics,  content  with  lli.il  primary  power  which  llieir 
liav  iiig  the  main  euilrol  of  cdiie'itioii  of  the  male  and 
•male  population  gives  lliem.      The  t'apiichins,  on  the 

i..itr.iry,  are    more   of  .•iml    with    the    | pie,    as    they 

sliovMil  themselves  in  the  lalelightal  I'alcrmi).  Their 
.•are  of  the  sick  and  dying  endears  them  to  all,  and 
they  go  ihoiil  in  all  weathers,  liarefooled  and  liare- 
hc.iilcikin  ti."ireoiiiiiioii  woollen  frocks,aiiliiig,strength- 
eiiiiig.  and  sii|.|iortiiig,  while  they  tlii'iiis"|v  es  live  on 
cli.iriiy,  for  they  have  no  more  lands  luit.  those  gardens 
roiilid  the  convents.  The  liiave  lieiievoleiiee  of  the 
lirelliren  of  this  ord^r  during  the  ragini;  of  I  he  cholera 
will  never  I'- forgotten  liy  the  graledil  Sicilians,  (till, 
of  doors,  aliiuseiiieiit  is  the  fashion  ;  they  only  eat,  drink, 

i  (very  moderately ),  I'.iid  sleep  at  home,  and  gel  up  ill  tliu 
nioriiing   to   do — what    do   you   think  ( — to    liy    kites! 

I  Tlio  Kensington  (JardeiiH  of  I'alermo  we  at  tiie   wcrt 


I 


't   . 


76 


ALL   KOUND  THB   WORLD. 


(Mid.  Tlifvaro'-iillpi'  t'/(  K,iit;lisli  ( iiirdcns,  liccMiiscdftlH! 
Iims;  iivcnno  of  ^r.•l•^  'liiit  Iciids  up  U>  tliciii  uml  tln'ii- 
^I'liriitl  stvlf.  'I'li's  in  tlic  iilii'M'  where  t'iisliioiiiililcs 
walk.  'rriM's,  iiiU'rtwiiiinj;  i-isch  .iiid  luiiicysucklcs,  Miid 
ffroeii  slip|iiii„'  li-itiks,  and  cvi'i y  v.-niuly  of  sliadc  .iiid 
slirul;!ic'i'i<,'S  <  f  myrtle,  iii'<l  little  lakes,  and  inailile 
seats,  al)0'it  wliicli  hover  thi!  fi:\y  tiii'oim  ;  these  ave 
their  deli;,'hts.  Up  aixi  down  the  lon.L,'  shady  avenue 
go  the  eMrria;ies  of  all  sovts,  from  a  tandem  to  a  draj;. 
'•rowded  with  ladii's  in  hhie  and  <,'reen,  and  niau\e, 
festnoneil,  and  honi'eted,  and  Hoinieed,  ami  crinolined 
to  thff  last  I'ai-is  f'lshion  ;  hut  all  of  a  j,'audy  hue.  The 
very  maid  in  attmidanee  on  tlio  over(lres.sed  ehildren 
(in  jiink  satin  ci  hhie  silk, — elose  reseniManee  of  their 
mannnas)  i'.rc  ;;ay  with  yellow  shawls  <pver  their 
heads  On  Snndiiys,  lioth  these,  and  the  Flora  m- 
F^otanieal  (iardens,  with  the  oraiiiie  walks,  and  vast 
hird  oii/e.s,  and  foinitains,  are  emuded  with  tla^  niiddlc 
el,;.  :,  and  even  the  |Hiorest  Not  hut  tlint  Sund.iy  in 
ralermo  is  very  miioh  like  Sund.iy  in  London,  All 
the  shops  are  shut  (after  ten  oV'loek)and  all  the  stri'ets 
are  (|uiet  ;  the  peopli'  oidy  beinj;  seen  on  llieir  way  to 
or  from  their  eliurches  at  all  hours  in  the  day,  es|ie- 
eially  in  the  early  nior,iing. 


ir.— Af.ONG    SHORE   TO    MKSSINA, 

Our  liarsjain  fnv  travellinj;  was  of  a  .satisftictory 
nature.  For  six  piastres  (somewhere  in  the  wholi' 
aliout  live  and  twenty  slnlliui,'s)  ii  day,  we  contracted 
with  a  muleteer,  one  laiigi,  or  Loui,s,  t()r  four  mules, 
two  for  our  own  riding,  (uk^  for  our  haggage  (princi- 
pally consisting  of  wine  and  victual,  and  cloaks),  and 
one  for  the  muleteer  himself;  tiesides  this,  we  were 
to  lie  provich^l  with  be(ls  at  the  liest  inn.s,  and  have 
hreakfast  and  dinner  found  us.  So  that  travelling  in 
Sicilv  is  hy   no  means  dear,  as  you   can   see:   imleed, 

when  we  tell  you  that  g I  wine  is  twopence  a  ipiart, 

that  a  fowl  costs  not  (piile  foin'|ionce,  and  that  the 
finest  whoaten  l>re.id  never  e.xceed.s  a  pininy  a  poumi, 
and  is  generally  les.s,  that  .salad  vegetables  are  tlirown 
in,  and  ap]iles,  peaches,  uml  oranges  given  in  any 
ipiantity  for  a  halfpenny,  you  may  Judge  that  our  i 
muleteer  was  uot  the  loser  even  by  such  an  apparently 
bad  bargain.  We  st  irt  with  the  dawn,  in  the  ICastern 
fiishion,  carrying  with  us  knives,  cups  and  plates,  with 
a  due  jirovision  of  colil  pork  and  b.iked  cream.  iniiM'i- 
sally  u.setl  throughout  Sicily  in  |pla(e  of  butter. 

Our  first  start  into  the  countrv  was  through  high 
walls,  just  like  tlio.se  aliout  ({icliniond  and  I'rent- 
t'ord  —  only  of  stone — and  belonging  to  the  \illa 
uardeiis,  sadly  knocked  about  in  the  last  fight  here. 
Then  came  tlii'  ,sea  shore,  and  the  murmur  of  the 
breaking  waves,  and  the  tinkling  bells  of  the  goats 
browsing  on  the  mountain  sides  rising  to  the  clouds  ; 
olives  waving  in  the  fresh  morning  breeze,  and  the 
pink  flowers  of  the  tall  ole.indcr  glittering  in  the  early 
,sunliglit.  The  bees  we.c  up  and  out,  and  litimmiiig 
amongst  the  meadow  anemones  and  daflbdihs.  A  string 
of  mules,  bearing  grain,  meets  us  Then  a  herd  of 
cows,  with  liells,  going  to  be  niilk<'d,  into  the  villages,  in 
which  not  one  chimney  rises  up,  and  most  of  the  inhabi 
tantsarestirring,  and, alre,idy,coiiiiiig  outside  their  doors 
to  transact  all  their  busines,s,  according  to  the  Sicilian 
custom.  All  along  we  could  see  the  fishing  boats 
going  out,  and  coming  in  with  the  spaletta,  a  huge 
fish   like  a  small  shark,  that  cuts  up  into  something 


like  hard  beef-steaks,  and   has  a  wooden  taste,  with  • 
coarse  pork    flavour;   horses  and  mules,  very  lean,  but 

dressed  out  very  line,  drawing  pointed  little  t wliei  i 

cart.s  set  far  back  in  the  shafts,  and  driven,  a  m.  ( usler- 
nionger,  at  a  rattling  jiace,  liy  pietiiiesi|iie  blackguiirtls  in 
while  Jackets,  bell  buttons,  ami  black  velvet  breeches  or 
leal  her  gailer.s  The  horses  lia\('  no  collar>  but  the  broad 
leather  strap  across  their  chests,  like  our  funeral  coach 
horses.  We  had  an  early  cup  of  cofli'c  with  milk  — 
they  always  serve  it  so  in  Sii-ily,  iiiiil  the  |iea.-aiits 
habitually  eoiiie  to  the  village  inn  for  it  in  the  earliest 
morning — the  charge  for  it  to  us,  with  bread  and 
liuttei',  was  threepence  halfpenny,  \\  e  breakfasted 
and  dined  at  \illai;e  inns  on  the  way,  and  just  I  etbre 
siinsi  t  came  to  the  Finnic  (Jraiide,  a  great  river,  one 
of  the  lar;;est  streams  in  Sicily,  which  obstiiicled  the 
mail  and  nin.^t  be  cidssed  before  we  entered  Termini, 
This  is  one  of  the  iiileresting  e\eiils  of  Sicilian 
travelling,  for  yon  can't  always  get  across  ;  the  river 
Won't  let  yon.  The  ,>,tream  iiiiis  ,shallirw,  it  may  be, 
but  is  furious  as  a  torrent  ;  the  liottom  is  sandy  and 
the  banks  steep,  and  triuellers  in  carriages  are  ,sorely 
pesled  ;  all  the  luggage  has  to  be  taken  out,  an  I 
the  unhappy  pair — tbr  it  sometimes  happens  to  honey- 
moon travellers,  as  it  ilid  to  Sir  linbert  and  Lady 
I'eel — are  eoni]ielled  to  slei  |)  in  a  littl(!  riverside 
inn,  whei'e  waiters  spend  most  of  their  time  in  the 
metamorphosis  of  fleas,  \\'e  lontrived  to  i;et  over 
with  our  mules  and  reach  Teiniini  at  sunset, 
Cicero  tells  ns  of  the  citizens  of  Ihniera,  a  town 
higher  up, — wlien^  there  are  some  Hne  remains  of 
an  amphitbeaire  and  an  aijiiednct  four  miles  long  to 
be  scon, —  coming  down  to  this  spot,  where  were  their 
baths  ('i'liernue  JlimerciiM's),  and  building  a  small 
town,  when  their  own  had  bi cii  destroyed  by  a  ,siege 
during  the  ( 'aithaginia  111111(1  ]  lima  n  finiirrel.of  which  tlie 
jioor Sicilians  paid  all  the  <X|  elites.  Teiiniiii  is  said  to 
mark  the  spot  wbere  lleieiiles  rested  from  his  Mcdiler- 
raiiean  labours.  AVe  louniiihe  little  ])lace — it  has  l:i,(IOO 
inhabitants.  (2i,li4ii  aciording  to  A.  d.  Hn  I'liys' 
]liii..ile  l.'ltnlii'  et  dr  La  >-kUi,) — all  agog  w ilh  music 
and  singing  and  daiieing.  It  stands  on  agneii  hill, 
by  the  s(  aside,  and  has  .'■oiiie  haiidMUne  <  hnrclies. 
They  tell  tis  it  is  a  thriving  town,  aiid  driven  a  ]iids- 
]ierotis  trade  in  andioxies,  oil,  and  wine  Anywliere 
else  it  would  be  run  after  (or  its  1  i  aiity,  for  tlie 
numerous  niitiiiuilies  in  the  neiglib  iiihood  and  in  its 
niiiM'uiiis,  for  its  chill elies  and  cohmhIs  paved  with 
nio,sii<'s  and  ailorned  with  antiipie  coliniiiis,  its  thermal 
spriiifis.  and  its  loniaiitic  castle  on  ilie  top  of  the  hill  : 
but  here  such  beauties  are  coninn'ii.  Oiir  twenty-fomi 
miles'  ride,  or  rather  crawl,  on  mule  bin  k,  gave  iisagood 
H|i]ietitc  for  sleep.  So  we  left  onr  nnileli  er  dancing  the 
tarantella,  and  after  a  snniiter  lliiongh  the  street  and 
lip  the  valley  to  the  castle  on  the  roik  behind  the 
town,  retired  to  rest,  not  conscious  that  ve  constituted 
a  raree  show  for  all  the  begi.'ars  iind  the  idlers, 
and  that  the  chinks  in  the  w.tII  and  the  key-hole  had 
each  their  curious  occupant 

Karl;  in  the  morning,  as  we  hail  a  three-and- 
tweiity  miles  .■<tage  before  lis  to  ( 'cfiilll,  we  took 
our  coflce  and  mounted  on  miles,  (lur  ride  was 
such  as  poets  love  to  sing  .ibmit — through  myrtle 
groves  and  orange  bowers,  anil  almond  trcis.  Indeed, 
it  was  like  a  Swi.ss  ,secne,  with  goats  and  cows  and 
,'-heep  in  the  sloping  meadows.  Vou  never  see  a 
cottage  or  ii  farm  liou.se  alone  -they  are  always 
collected,  like  stone  block,s,  in  some  snug  cninny  on  the 


SICILY   AS   IT  I& 


mountain  slope.     Thn  hills  on  llin  other  side  of  the 

bay,  iit  the  <'xtrcine  front  of  which  stands   C'eliilu.  iim! 

its    ani'ient    catheih'al,   foiiiiiled     l>y    the  great   Cmnt 

R<)<;er,  in  gratitude  flir  his  esca|pf  fVnni  a  storni  off  the 

coast,  ar('ch)thed  witli  olives,  and  as  we  lonk  hack  we  can 

see  cajies  and  promontories  jiittiMg  out  into  the  bright     witli  iron,  tor  if  you  ])iit  into  it 

sea  ft'oni  heyolid  Palermo.      Kveiy  one  was  at  work  in     out  a  l>laek  one      The  knowled 


the  streets,  outside  the  shop  dours,  as  we  crept  on — for 
your  mules  at  a  ,,ourney's  einl  make  no  sucli  (datteriiig 
and  noise  as  a  French  coui'ier  on  entering  a  country 
town.  Then;  are  20,000  inhal)itants,  an<l  tin-  town, 
which  was  l)nilt  in  the  middle  ages,  and  abounds  in 
gothic  paiiitod  windows,  stands  on  a  ledge  of  rock  just 
above  the  sea  ;  the  harbour  is  full  of  xebi-cs,  feluccas, 
and  speroiu'ras — their  sails  furled,  and  the  boats  run 
uji  oil  shor<'.  The  Cathedral  is  a  line  one,  and  the  outside, 
at  the  cast  end.  is  richly  ornameutcil.  Tiii^  building  is 
liniu.in  Ciothic,  and  the  dccur.itions  Byzantine.  Ihit 
the  most  interesting  featui'e  of  Uefalii  is  a  Cyclopean 
wall  of  enormous  \iuhewn  stones,  a  relic  of  tlu'  old 
great  citv  of  Cephal.'uium.'  \.(^  had  nothing  to  .'om- 
plaiu  of  in  lodging,  food,  or  beds,  and  rose  rcfresheil. 
K\ervwhcre  at  the  inns  we  observed  the  frugal,  tciii- 
])ei-ate  living  of  the  people — fruit,  tish,  and  maccaroni, 
anil  nil  strung  ilrink.  Their  highest  lu.Kury  is  a  water- 
ice  and  a  melon  ;  and  with  a  penny  a  day  you  can  send 
home  a  beggar  happy.  The  rest  of  the  d.iy  seems  to  us  to 
be  taken  out  in  singing,  and  dancing,  and  sunshine ;  not 
but  that  Cefaln  has  its  mournful  reminisceuccs,  for 
here,  many  a  Sicilian  patriot  broke  his  heart  in 
prison.     The    fresh    morning    aii'    made    ns 

ks    with    pointed 


flavoured  with  "a  suspicion  of  garlic,"  (w  Ude  u.sed  to 
call  that  artistic  tmiic,  and  then  pushed  on  to  Naso, 
the  ancient  Agatliyina.-  where  the  ancients  bored 
.\rtesi,in  hot  springs  fur  rheumatism  and  nervous 
m|ilaints.     One  ot  the   sju-ings  is  well  imjiregnated 

'     I  whiti-  doth,  it  eoi-ies 
e  of  a   s]iriug  uf  this 


tresh    morniii 
our    ai/mloK,    or    brown    el 
— the      geiH'ral     wear     thronghont 
all     who    don't    wear    shaggy     shei 
the     peasant     lahonrci's     lio, — for     then 


till 


link  out 
hill  ids 
island  fur 
skins,  which 
is  a  cold 
Willi!  Ill  the  morning  and  evening.  We  pushed  on 
for  Tiisa,  where  there  was  nothing  tu  see  ;  andlhcn  on 
for  St.  Slcfano,  a  stage  uf  twcnty-fuur  miles,  p.i^siiig 
thruugh  wliicli  we  entered  ( 'arntiia  (aiic.  ( 'al.ictc).  a  small 
rown  nil  a  rugged  hill,  with  the  sea  in  fi-unt.and  a  furcst 
on  its  skirts.  It  was  on  this  beach  that  \'ci-res  the  I'ro- 
tonsul  (whom  Cicero  so  abused,  for  private  reasons,  a.s 
he  took  his  jilace  afterwai'ds),  halted  and  robbed  the 
people  of  Aliiiitium  of  their  valuable  bronzes,  ju.st  as 
coolly  a.s  the  great  S|ianiard  liallma.  and  the  rest,  did 
the  chiefs  of  New  <iianaila  uf  their  gulden  ornaments. 
The  forest  is  noticeable  fur  its  extent  uf  twenty  miles, 
and  its  containing  uak  (uld  and  well  grown),  elm  (a 
sin'csignufa  good  soil),  ash  and  pine.  We  halted 
here  tor  the  night,  and  next  day  we  came  to  a  village 
on  a  little  plain,  called  St.  Agatha;  the  fair  (looiU 
ness  (such  is  the  meaning  uf  her  name,)  has  nut  availed 
to  preservt?  the  village  from  malaria,  a  dismal 
complaint,  that  leaves  you  iialf  insane  when  rpiite 
cured,  and  poisons  all  your  blood  ;  so  we  ])ricke(l  our 
mules  with  the  .spur,  and  jogged  apace  through  the 
fever  district,  until  we  reached  San  Marco,  where  «e 
managed  to  get  aoiue  tea  out  of  our  own  stores,  and 
were  served  with  the  milk  from  an  Etruscan-shaped 
vase,  and  tlie  tea  from  a  Wedgewoud  Idaek  t(!a-iK)t. 
We  had  uu  excellent  dinuer  of  veal  and  maccaroni, 

'  Ciiplialediuin  derives  its  name  from  its  situation  on  a  lofty 
precipitouu  rock  projecting  into  the  sea.  Kogcr  I.  tronaferroil  it 
Irom  its  almost  impregnable  position  to  one  at  tlie  foot  of  the 
rock.  The  Cyclopean  relic,  the  only  one  of  the  Itind  in  Sicily,  is 
an  edifice  consisting  of  various  apartments.  Rude  inouUIinifs, 
approximating  t«  th'iie  ot  the  Doric  order,  are  hewn  on  the  face 
•f  the  mauire  blooki. 


character  may  be  iiset'iil  to  uiir  travelling  countryme.i 
A  mixture  ol  iron  and  snl|ihnr  in  a  hut  spring  is  rare, 
and  fur  some  disorders  likely  to  be  excecdinglv  illica 
ciuiis.  We  slejit  on  mattresses,  with  dean  sheets,  laid 
on  boards,  as  in  coiiveiits  or  barracks.  ]5orro,  twelve 
miles  distant,  with  casth?  on  a  sea-beaten  rock, 
was  our  next  halting-place:  thence  to  I'atti,  wlierc 
the  coast  is  mouiitaiiiuiis,  and  the  rngired  slupes 
are  covered  with  olives  The  town  stanijs  high  on  a 
pyramidal  hill  uf  its  uwn,  backed  by  lufty  nionntains. 
The  streets  are  narrow,  winding,  and  ill-paved,  iiiiij  there 
is  a  little  cathedral  uf  romantic  asso,  iations  ;  furthcreare 
the  bones  of  Queen  Adelaisia,  the  widow  of  the  gi-eat 
Count  Roger,  wlio.se  hand  was  sought  in  marriage  by 
I'.aldwin,  King  of  Jerusalem.  The  monarch  wanted 
the  lady's  wealth,  and  she.  dazzled  by  ambitiuii,  ac- 
cepted the  utfer  ;  but  di.scuvciing  after  two  vears  that 
King  lialilwin  had  .Tiiuthcr  wife  alive,  she  returned 
home  in  disgust,  and  buried  herself  in  a  convent  on 
thi.s  spot,  where  she  lived  in  grief  and  despair  fur  a 
short  ]ierioil,  and  then  died  of  a  broken  heart.  Her 
pious  son,  then  King  of  Sicil\,  raisi'd  this  cathiutral 
over  her  remain.s.  The  old  tomb  has  fallen  to  pieces, 
but  a  modern  one.  with  a  recumbent  ligure  of  the 
injured  wife,  has  been  rai.sed  by  the  jiiety  of  lier 
(Icscendaiits  'i'hcy  make  tasteful  earthenware  at  I'atti; 
which  is  cclebiated  thiuiighout  Italy  for  elegance  of  its 
design.  There  is  a  line  view  from  the  height  if  which 
the  cathedral  tuwer  forms  the  apex,  over  giuiinds  that 
seem  tu  heave  and  rise  tnmultunusly,  and  \  iiicviirds  and 
olive  groves.  On  one  siih'  yun  see  (Jiuiosa,  a  litth^ 
village  in  ruins,  that  we  pas.-ed  on  the  road,  perched 
uii  a  hill-top,  and  deserted,  bee  iiisc  too  much  exposed 
and  ufteii  struck  by  lightning  ;  and  on  the  other, 
rises  Tyndaris — to  which  we  arc  making,  on  a  height 
.seven  miles  di.stant.  We  muuiit  up  to  it  thruugh  ii 
beautiful  pass,  with  a  tine  view,  on  our  left,  of  the 
l.i|iari  Isles,  N'nlcaiio,  Stromboli  and  the  rest.  Tlie 
ancient  port  off  which  Octaviu.s,  with  Ca'sar.  ilcleated 
the  licet  uf  Scxtus  I'umpeius,  and  wmi  the  empire  of 
IJoiiie,  is  now  choked  up  with  sand.  Tyndaris. '.so  named 
from  the  father  of  Castor  and  I'ulliix.  and  where 
IHonysiiis  of  Syracu.-ic  jilaccd  the  colonists  uf  i,an  dae- 
moiiia,  banished  from  their  own  cuunlry,  is  now  but  f. 
wretched  village,  with  little  tu  piotit  its  inhabitants 
but  the  tunny  li.shery.^     There  is  a  glorious  view  from 


''  The  site  of  Agiithynia  or  Agnlhynuiiii,  so  called  frinii  u  son 
of  .Kolus,  may  poKsiiily  lie  at  Niiso,  liut  tliis  lias  liocn  much  dis. 
puteil,  on  account  of  the  great  iliserepaiiey  lietween  tlie  autlmrities 
a»  to  its  distance  tVoin  'J'yiidaris  and  Ciilactc. 

^  Tliere  is  a  legend  that  the  earthquake  at  Our  f  onfscrucifiiion 
Blioiik  down  all  the  tempUs  at  Tyndaris;  some  siiy  that  tlie  whole 
town  was  destroyed,  nothing  being  left  hut  one  crag  iind  some 
idols,  which  the  waves  refusi'd  to  retain,  and  threw  them  upon 
the  shore. 

*  The  chief  iiiuuuments  of  which  the  ruins  are  still  extant  ol 
this  city— one  of  the  latest  of  all  the  cities  in  Sicily  that  eiinld 
claim  a  purely  tireek  oriu'in— aie  the  theatre,  of  which  the  remains 
are  in  imperfect  eondition,  a  large  editiee  willi  two  handsome 
stone  arclics,  cominonly  called  ii  llMiiiiasium,  the  remains  of  the 
phiee  wliere  I  he  elilV  bus  lalleii  in,  in  the  manner  recorded  by  l'\\\\\ 
two  gates,  and  some  Boman  tombs. 


ii! 

■1    ■ 

1:      i 


■i 

,'i      ' 
i        ' 

I      :-. 

!  : 

lllli 


78 


ALL  fiODND  THB  WORLD. 


tlip  convpiit  nf  tlic  Miiiliiiinii,  nvor  the  sr.i  aiid  iilimi; 
the  cellist  lit'  liili  villii;;('s  iind  ("ciiivt'iit  tnwcrs  mi  iiriiji'ct- 
iiiR  jKiiiit.t.  We  |iriic(;iM'i('il  iiliin;;  tin?  liay  t<iwiir(ls 
)irincoly  Milazzn.  titincnis  tin-  tlii^  rccriit  liiittlc.  Its 
castle,  stiiiiiliiij;  <m  a  liij^li  jiraiiitc  )iriiiiiiiiitcii'y,  wciiild 
seem  iiiipivjiiialilo  Imt  tn  tlmsn  wlm  saw  it,  a.-!  we 
(lid,  s(i  galliiiitly  oa|itiiro(l  liy  (larilialdi  and  liis  little 
army  ;  tlie  tnwn,  wliicli  is  diviilc  1  iutu  iipiipr  and  Iouit, 
alicnit  a  mile  in  len;;tli,  is  siniiinudcd  liy  a  fortilicd 
wall.  It  rises  (ni  a  jii'ninsula,  tliree  miles  in 
lenj^tli,  with  a  lii;lithinise  on  the  pnint,  anil  has 
always  lieen  rejiarilrd  as  a  strung  |i(isitiiin  in  Sicilian 
warfare.  licie  llaniiilial  and  Drnsillus  tViiight  a  hard 
tiattle  in  the  tiist  I'linic  War  ;  here  (Ja'sar  and  Sc.xtiis 
I'liiupey  foniiht  t'nr  the  enijiire  ;  here  the  Saraciiis 
had  a  lung  sea-tight  with  the  Kniperor  Ifasilius;  ami 
here,  linallv,  was  the  crowning  and  lilierating  \ictiiry 
won  liy  (Jarihaldi.  Theri?  is  a  large  tunny  ti.'-hing 
here  of  two  seasiins,  from  April  to  Jinie,  and  from 
August  to  Septemlier;  and  hither  come  the  great 
people  of  >re.>isina  to  spend  their  winter  montli.s.  It  is 
here  that  the  tallied  oxen  of  the  Sun  were  pastui'ed,  thi^ 
.^laughter  of  which  liy  the  cunipauions  of  Ulysses  led 
to  the  fatal  prolongation  of  his  voyage,  conseipient  on 
the  just  anger  of  the  ofiendcd  deities.  You  must  read 
the  .story  in  the  'Odyssey,''  and  carry  Homer  with  you 
(weailvise  Lempriere  also,  if  )ou  liavi'  still  got  yinir 
si-hool  books),  fiir  we  are  in  tlio  very  centre  of  mytlio- 
1  'gical  loivilities,  and  scarcely  a  town  Imt  has  a  classical 
allusion  in  Us  name.  I>y  the  liye,  the  Tly.sses  of 
uioderM  history,  Louis  riiilippc.  lonnd  refuge  in  the 
.\lilazzo  during  his  fir.st  long  exile  from  France. 

III.— STR(3MB0LI    AND   THK  LIPARI  ISLES. 

Ox  the  lieach  at  Milazzo  a  njieronant  was  lying,  the 
wind  was  fiir  for  the  .IColian  Islands'  that  lay  out 
in  the  spiiikling  sea.  and  we  resolveil  upon  a  .-ail  there 
and  back  Now  a  j>7)'/vi«'(/'(e  is  a  large  open  boat  that 
can  either  sail  oi-  be  rowed,  and  as  we  had  six  stout 
fellows  with  us  to  pull  us  back  again,  we  stowed  a 
basket  of  provisions  and  wines,  and  made  up  our  minds, 
if  needful,  to  sleep  under  the  sail  thrown  over  the  boom 
We  had  just  twenty  miltw  run  out  t  >  the  ojicn 
with  a  spanking  breeze  that  sent  us  spinning  before  if, 
until  we  reached  \'uloano,  the  nearest  of  the  eight 
.Kolian  Islands,  consisting,  with  it,  of  l-ipari,  Salina, 
I'clieiidi,  Alicudi,  I'anaria,  S  romboli,  and    liaziluzzo.' 

'  Tlii'sc  wild,  finlastic  Iniikiii!;  rocks,  suirtiiiij  fnaii  tin'  sen, 
wi-re  siipjMwt'ii  Iiy  the  jiiu-icnls  to  lie  the  cliinuu'V8  iif  a  vast  suli- 
ti'rrarir;iii  ciivily,  iiilialiitixl  liy  .Mi'mpi'S,  KimiiIcs  :iiiil  .■\rirp,  anil  t lit' 
I'.iviTii  ill  wliifli  -E'llua  iiii|ii'isiiiicil  the  wuuls  (tli;it,  lie  let  nut  to 
worry  .Knivis  iiiiii  tlie  Trcij;iiis)  were  iilso  in  tliis  iuThi|ielafr(i  (if  , 
liri's.  lleiv  iilsii  Diiuiii  «iis  pliici'il  liy  I,:itiiiiii  In  lior  inf'.incv. 
MiTf  ViiliMii  for!.'ril  (lie  li  ilts  of  .line,  iinil  lii'i-c  tlif  smitv  Hnnitcs 
.■inlinioi'il  a  rainlinw  inst.ail  of  the  (iucen  of  ('li;islitv.  .Kolus,  ii 
rlever  niivi(r:itiir  Mini  .ventlier-aise,  here  lived  with  his  wife,  the 
>1  iiinhter  nf  l.ip.inH,  the  sou  of  Ausnn,  who  pasisiHl  over  I'roui  [tiily 
iiid  liuilt  u  city. 

'■  The  .Knliiin  IslainU  won'  iilsii  eiilled  VnleiiiiiiP  or  Hciiliiexliif, 
li-om  their  voliiinie  ehiu-iictev.  'I'hey  were  — 1.  I.ipiira,  ft  ill  ciilled 
lap,'n.  2.  Hiera,  Siiered  to  VnliMii,  from  wlienee  its  nioilerii 
Mppellation  of  Viileaui.  It  .^lron;;yle,  now  Stroiiiholi.  so  called 
li'ou)  the  roiiiidiiess  of  its  form.  Sir  Cliirles  I.yelj  says,  the 
volcano  of  Stroinlioli  serves  iis  a  Imroineter  to  the  Lipiireniis,  lieiii;; 
luieacenl  in  fine  weather  iind  ilisturtied  previous  to  the  eomin(;  of 
had.  4.  IMilyine,  now  called  Piiliim  or  laola  dele  "saline.  It  was 
called  Didynie  fnnn  its  two  hij^h  conical  mountains,  ivliicli  rise  to 
a  height  of3,!>r)0  feet.  5.  Phmiiicusa,  so  culled  from  the  iwlmsiii 
which  it  abounded,  now  Fcliculi.      6.  Ericnsa,   from  the   abiinil- 


Vulcatio,  which  i.s  sain  to  have  been  thrown  np  out 
of  the  sea  tive  hitndied  years  before  the  Christian  era, 
was  consecrated,  by  tlic;^  (Jreeks  to  Vulcan.  It  is 
eight  miles  round,  and  has  a  silent  crater  three  miles 
broad  and  half  a  mile  tleep  It  is  a  "lonesome  place," 
and  itihabited  only  by  a  few  goallierd.s,  whoso  flocks 
may  ia^  seen  browsing  happily,  and  skipping  merrily 
under  very  dill'uailt  circiiiustanccs  of  locality.  The 
bottom  of  the  crater  has  an  awful  li.ok  of  stillncs.s, 
and  all  around  are  shining  ]);eees  of  black  and  green 
glass  (obsidian),  and  above,  pumice  and  sulphur. 
There  otight  to  be  .something  well  worth  looking 
after  in  such  a  Plutonic  formation ;  but  somehow 
or  other  no  one  likes  to  interfere  with  the  place. 
The  hares,  rabbits,  and  wild  fowls,  of  many  kinds,  liave 
a  jilcasureplace  of  their  own,  and  seem  to  liave  niulti- 
]ilied  accordingly,  A  da-shingrunof  tive  miles  brought  lis 
over  to  l,i  pari,  which  is  ipiitc  a  la  rgejilace,  comparatively, 
liftecn  miles  round,  and  with  twenty  thou.sand  iidia- 
bitants.  The  soil,  being  broken  lava  and  iiuniiee-stone, 
yields  excellent  crops,  and  the  mountiiin  sides  amile 
with  cornliclds,  orange  groves,  and  vines.  The  town 
of  I.ipari,  as  you  cuter,  looks  like  a  beautifid  scene  in 
a  ]ilay.  A  casth;  and  ramparts  standing  out  upon  a 
rock,  and  an  ancient  tower  and  cathedral  right  oppo- 
site to  you,  with  a  mountain  rising  high  behind. 
Thii.se  wlio  like  sulphnr  liaths  ought  to  come  here.  It 
is  hardly  pleasant  to  think,  as  we  stand  iiway  for  the 
nt!Xt  volcano — Siromboli  —  a  real  one,  that  has  never 
cea.sed  smoking,  burning,  blowing  and  belching  out  lava 
for  a  thousand  years — that  here  we  are  sailing  over  what 
must  once  have  been  one  united  crater,  which  the  sea 
has  iletachcd  and  broken  through  into  sejiarate  i.slands. 
Fortunately,  Stroinlioli  catches  what  it  throws  up  in 
its  own  mouth,  or  else  the  .sand,  black  ashes,  and  red- 
hot  .stones  which  it  sometimes  ejects  to  such  a  lieighi,. 
might  render  its  asjiect  even  more  awfully  grand.  Even 
at  the  present  moment,  when  a  long  banner  of  smoke 
a.seends  froin  its  top  (which  is  like  a  pyianiid  with 
the  cone  cut  olf)  it  would  render  the  a]i]iriiach  and  the 
sisccnt,  which  wc  are  mcilitating,  not  very  desirable.'' 

There  ar<'  about  thirty  hou.scs  on  the  i.slnnd,  for  the 
niii.--t  ]ial't  built  of  lava,  and  the  whole  island  is  only  one 
niountain,  which  is  nmre  than  a  mile  high,  green  alnm.-t 
to  the  tii|i,  but  must  nnple.isalit  to  a>cenil,  as  emitting 
sidphuroiis  vaiioiu'  in  the  higher  regions.  Up  through 
a  p.itli  of  shifting  sands,  among  vines  and  thi.stles  and 
prickly  cactuses,  but  not  without  trusty  guides  and 
stout  stalls,  we  ascend  to  the  point   where  vegetation 


mice  of  heath,  now  Alieiiili.  7.  Kuonymus,  or  "that  which  lies 
oti  the  left  hand,"  now  I'aniiria.  Several  small  inlets  iidiacent  to 
rnnnria  are  now  calledtli,'  llattole,  the  largest  of  wliieli,  lla/.iliiz/.ii, 
the  Ilicosia  of  I'loleiny,  may  he  considered  iiii  eiffhUi  isUuid, 
Vnleano  and  Stroinlioli  are  the  only  two  active  voleanoes. 

n  "."■nperstition"  says  Sinythe,  "  is  not  idle  with  respect  to  I  his 
wonderful  al  yss,  and" even  "I'ope  (Iregory  I,  8eeniiii(;ly  believed 
it  to  he  the  abode  of  the  damned  Here  Theixloric,  the  great 
Ostrojfoth,  despite  of  his  virtues,  was  )iluii(;ed  hy  the  ministers  of 
divine  venpance  on  earth  ;  while  William  the  bad  of  isjcily,  and 
poor  Henry  the  Vlll.  of  Kiipland,  have  both  iMeii  detected  en- 
deavourimj  to  make  their  esea)ic  from  this  fiery  cauldron.  An 
eminent  eontnictov  ofhiseuit  for  thempply  of  the  Hritish  Na»y  is 
snpiKi-i'd,  anioiifr  Kiiphsh  sailors,  to  he  in  durance  theiej  and  by 
a  remarkiilile  trial  at  Doctor's  (dmnions  aliout  seventy  or  eighty 
years  a.'o,  the  jiid|j;e  in  his  deu'sion  seemed  to  aei|uicsce  in  the 
opinion  of  the  'baker's' lieinp  confined  to  its  domains  forever. 
The  culprit  was  a  Mr.  U— ,  I  have  forf-otten  the  name,  but  I 
can  never  lose  the  reiiiemhr.inceof  tbcefl'ect  that  reading;  this  trial 
trom  the  Naval  Chronicle  had  uii  a  naval  audience  while  passing 
tlu!  IsliUid." 


SICIT.T    AS   IT  la 


79 


ill 


disap[v  are.  Tn  thren  linni's  wc  roach  tho  top  of  tlio 
old  cone.  600  t'cot  ulmvc  the  in'csciit  orator,  and  on  our 
arrival  aro  salutod  by  tlio  doiiion  of  old  Strmiilioli 
with  an  erii|)tion.  Tho  abyss  kindles  bolow  us,  and  a 
jet  of  fire  ruslu^s  \i])  with  the  roar  of  a  oaiiuon.  This 
is  no  despioal)i(!  orator,  for  it  onolosos  six  mouths  ;  two 
are  ojootin;;  smoke  rith  tho  aj^icoalile  acoompaiiinionts 
of  Ii'ilrochhu'ie  and  hydro  sulpluirio  acid  gas, — the 
third  is  voniiting  tiory  stones,  that,  in  their  unintor- 
iiiittod  rise  and  fall,  havt;  the  .sound  of  u  lieavy  surf 
breaking  on  a  beai-h.  This  gives  fewer  eruptions 
than  the  re.st,  but  emits  th(!  highest  jots  of  bui-ning 
roek.s  and  cindei's,  and  makes  the  sharpest  and 
loude.st  noise.  Tho  other  throe  mouths  an^  intoruiit- 
tent  in  their  fiery  vomitings,  two  of  thom  kindling 
and  going  out  at  the  same  time.  Suoh  a  sight 
Wits  worth  waiting  for  until  evening,  when  in  the  dark- 
ness the  red  Itrightness  of  the  lava  shone  territically,  and 
the  tliree  ■uouths  ])laying  together  in  a  magniticent 
eruption,  liglited  up  the  tri[)lo  enolos\irc  of  the  crater. 
\Ve  made  our  way  <lown,  not  without  dithoulty  and 
l)erhaps  danger,  and  lay  olf  the  i.slaiid  during  the  night, 
under  the  .sjiil,  th<?  dim  rays  of  a  suspended  lanthorn 
alone  interfering  with  the  grand  light  of  thi^  stars,  the 
moon,  and  the  volcano.  The  sea  too  added  its  silver  tire 
to  the  illumination  in  the  phosphorescent  luminosity  of 
tho.se  glow-worms  of  tho  deep,  tho  free  aoalopliaa",  ami 
medusio  with  which  this  .sea  abounds.  Wo  took  o\it  a 
bucket  of  the  soa-wator,  and  as  we  poured  it  liack  again 
it  looked  lik(^  molten  lead;  wliile  the  wavi's  l)re.iking 
against  tho  shon;  encircled  it  with  a  shining  liordi'r, 
and  every  clitf  had  its  wreath  of  tire.  So  wo  lay,  lulled 
upiMi  the  gently  lieaving  waves,  until  volcano  ami 
heaven  and  sea  wont  softoni'.ig  into  one  dreamy  light ; 
and  we  slept,  on  the  bosom  of  the  friendly  .sea,  Sdothed 
by  tho  suppre.s.sod  murinT'r  of  the  distant  waves  as  they 
broke  on  .Soylla  In  tlu^  morning,  with  the  tirst  fresh 
breeze,  our  bark  bori^  back  to  Milazzo,  wlioro  we  landed 
as  men  do  wiio  hiiv<'  returned  fi'om  fairy  land. 

Our  route  hence  to  Messina  was  through  doliciously 
romantic     .scenery    over     the     mountain.s,    and     past 
.several  small  towns,   th.it   looked   like  illustrations  of 
the  romance.sof  our  l)oyishdays  ;   Riimallotta, especially, 
on  the  top  of  a  high,  straight,  uprising  rock,  with  old  ' 
Moorish   castles  and   towers.       We   look    down    u|ion 
Messina  ;    what  a  glorious  ])anorama  !     Wo  could  .see 
the  siiklc!   .shape   of  tho  port, — the   (rreoks  called   it 
Zancle,  or  the  sickle,  and  say  that  here  Ceres,  in   her  | 
sorrow  tor   her  dauglitor  Proserpine's  loss,  when  i'luto  | 
carried  her  olFfrom  tho  fertile  plains  of  Kuna,  dropped  i 
the  sickl(!  from  her  h.in<l,   and  .so  gave  to   its  shores  ! 
their  lovely  curve.'     And  there  stands  tho  bright  city 
in  a  semicircli!  of  hills,  having  the  Faro  Straits  in  front, 
with  their  rushing,  free,  flowing  waters,  and  the  high 
Calabrian  co.asts  on  tho  opposite  side  to  bind  in  their 
wandering   wavta,    which,   passing  the    white    palaces 
of  A[essina,  go  smiling  by  the   proud  statue   of  Don 
John,   that    confronts     tliem    at  the  pier  hpa<l ;    past 
the  forts  on  the  heights,  the  conv<Mits  on  tlio  greenest  of 
slopes,  the  woods,  tho  mountains,  the  whirling  ("harybdis, 
and  the  treacherous  Scylla —round  to  tho  poetic  slmres 
under  Mount  Etna,  and  the  beautiful   bay   oi   ancient 
Taoriniiiium. 

'  Tlic  word  Zniiclc  has  been  aiipposoil  to  be  of  Sicilian  orif;ln, 
mill  hence  it  liiis  been  ainned  that  there  was  a  Sicilian  settlcini'nt 
at  the  Mcasann  or  Mcssene  of  the  Greeks  befoie  it  whh  oecnpieil 
by  the  latter  ;  but  no  mention  of  tluB  is  found  in  liistory,  iiiul  nil 
ancient  writers  describe  Zancle  as  a  Chalcidic  colony. 


TV.— MESSINA. 


We  found  Messina,  which,  from  the  port  oft  'a|ie  Faro 
that  forms  its  bay,  is  but  three  and  a  half  miles  from 
the  Calabrian  coast,  all  in  an  agony  of  excitement  and 
imiKitience  iiir  news  of  further  progress  in  Jtaly.'-  Hut 
for  all  that,  I'unch  was  scroochiug  funnily  to  a  laughing 
crowd  on  its  beautiful  marine  promenade  (.im  p.  Rl),  and 
in  spiie  of  politics  and  war.  the  convent  bolls  wore 
ringing,  and  thoy  wore  celebrating  a  /vsta,  or  hc'iday, 
in  the  namt^of  some  |ilcasure  giving  saint.  ]ioml>Mrdod 
so  frci(ui  iitly  by  its  later  sovereigns,  and  Wdrriod  witli 
earthquakes  l)y  tho  vicim;  Ktna,-'  it  is  a  miriicle  th.at 
Messina  stands  bright,  shining,  and  bo.iutit'ul  as  it  now 
does,  though  tho  palace  along  its  Marina,  anci  tho 
half  dismantle  I  fort  and  broken-dowti  castle,  still  boar 
evidences  of  buth.  The  environs  are  lovely,  and 
the  view,  from  whorovor  t.iken,  over  towards  the 
highoi'  rising  mnunt:iins  of  (Jalabria, — tho  backbone 
between  the  Adriatic  and  the  Mediterranean. — is 
magiiiliccnt  :  not  even  tho  views  on  the  Jio.s- 
phorus  can  surpa.ss  that  of  the  Straits  of  Messina 
The  .Marina  Ih'ive,  or  Corso  (as  will  bo  seen  from 
our  illustration),  is  ahaig  tho  sea  shore,  at  tho  foot  of 
tho  hills  that  ri.so  in  gentle  slojies,  covereil  with  fruit- 
bearing  trees  in  their  girdoiis,  heilgod  with  tho  aloo 
and  the  ]irickly  poar,  au'l  bldoniing  with  vinos,  figs, 
and  olives.  V'ou  are  nevoi'  liirthor  than  live  minutes 
from  a  grove  in  any  part  of  the  town  ;  .Mo.ssina  being 
aB  celebrated  for  its  walks,  as  Palermo  is  for  ita  drives. 
There  is  aunthor  paralli-l  street  with  tlio  Marina,  which 
\lsod  to  be  called  tlie  Fcnliuanda,  but  has  (hanged  that 
now  (idious  name  tor  one  nmro  popular.  Wo  took  up 
our  abodi' at  the  Victoria  Hotel  on  tho  Marina,  and 
enjoyed  tho  sight  of  the  gay  oipiijiagos,  and  bright 
colourtnl  dresses  of  tin!  Jiromonadors — ladies  iind  child- 
I'lni — iis  wo  .sat  at  <>ui-  dinner.  On  the  one  side  of  tho 
town  (the  right  of  our  illustration),  is  tin;  terrace  whore 
Goethe  wrote  tho  famous  lines, — 

"  Knowest  thou  the  land  where  citrons  scent  the  gale  ?" 

andoii  the  other  side  is  il'efort built  bvour  King  Itichard 
( 'iiMir  do  Lion,^  and  beyond,  over  the  dei-p  bine  sci,  rise 


the 


The  distance  from  tlie  eiistle  on  tlie  pivniontorv  of  Scvllii  to 
loi-re  del  Imu-o,  is  stat,  ,1  In-  .A.hiiiral  Snivth  at  C.OlT  v.iids  „i- 
rather  le.ssthanlj     Kn^Hlsh  nuK  la.l  the   ^..ait    ^fu-vLl^^Z 
■acts    e,,n..nlenil,ly,    so  (h:.t  its   width   1,..,„..,m,    the   l-„„ta  del 

txtei'd  3!)/!  yards,  w  httle  nua-e  thiin  two  Kn);lish  miles 

■  A  temhle  eartlupialie.  ia  178;i,  thrert-  .lo«  n  „11  the  splendid 
mldm^'s  o  theeay,  »i,h  the  exeeptioa  ot  ,l„.  ea-hednd  mid  a 
l.«  "Iher  edihees  ot  uneciiinion  stren-lh  niid  soli.lity.  The  first 
slmek  drove  Mil  the  inhah„.„ts  to  tlu-  sea.sho,e,\vl,ere  t hey 
^-a.ted  11,  dM„,v  ,«„  ,,„„  :.,„,  „;.,,„.  .,.,,.,  ,,.,„„,j  ^,,,  ^ 
came  at  ei-ht  oeloek  ,,„  ,l,e  s.  e.ni.l  ni^-ht.  The  .sea  swelled 
suddenly,  and  pivripilMted  its  towering-  w„ves  „„  tl„h,.eh  en- 
Kalphais;  np«„ids  of  2,0(l()  souls.  'Ilie  same  li-emeiidnns  swell 
sa.ik  ten  vessels  in  the  |M,rt  and  (h'stroved  (he  cpiav.  Ihe  do,-s  i>, 
lahilH-a  .s«.m,.d  to  „ntieipato  this  awful  <„nvulsi."ai  of  nature  bv 
liowlm- ,„t,.„„sl_v  ;  the  .sea-foHl  tlew  «  ildiv  into  the  mountains"- 
and  a  uoia.'  like  carriairc-wlirels  niui.iiii;  r,.iiud  with  ^-hmI  veloeity 
■w,Tst<.ne  pavements  pveeed.d  the  shock;  while  a  den.se  vaiKiur 
e.xt.'mled  over  Calahria  and  Messina,  a.  .■onipMiiicd  wuh  a  strong 
sulphurous  odour.  In  ISiVJ  tli.ae  were  timlv  shocks  felt  at 
Messma  m  one  niirht  In  ITIlt  the  phi-ue  e.ni'ed  olf  thousands 
»  lis  inhabitants  In  \K>\  the  eholeni  raj;e,l  f,  .i-Cnllv,  twenty 
thoasHiid  persons  died,  and  th.^  Ooveniineut  was  oblii-rd 'lo  ,eleas"e 

the    galley. iilaves  of    1>«1it on    eondition   of  Ih.ar  e<aniiii:  to 

•Messina  to  l.ury  the  dead.     They  did  so.  and  not  one  of  tUeui 
died. 

'  I'hilip  Augustus  of  France  and  Richard  ol  Knglaiid,  having 
agreed  lo  meet  in  Sieily,  on  their  way  to  the  IFolv  Land,  arrive.l  at 
.Missiaa.      lancrcd  hastened  from  I'alcruio  to  a'liow  ever>  mark 


80 


AT.L   ROUND  THE   WORLD 


I 


STROMBOLI-ONE    OF    THE    LIPARI     ISLES,     NEAR    SICILY. 


;   I 


ilie  magnificent  liciyits  of  tlio  Ttalian  Apponines;  tlip 
town  seen  under  tliciii  is  Ki'itjjio.  TIhtc  arc  sunir  tine 
I'limvlics.  liiit  till'  most  c^nsiiiiuoiis  is  tlie  iiiii  Nnriiinn 
I'atiu'ilr.ii,  t'mniik'il  liy  tlir  tirst  kin;,',  Ungrr,  tlic  nnvc  of 
wliith  was  Imriit  in  12")4,  cai  the  occasiun  ot  tlic 
funeral    of  Conrad,  sun  <jf  tiio   Ein|)i'ror    Frcdfrick  II. 


of  eoiii'ti'sy  to liis  illustrious  ffuosts,  mid  cnntrilmti'il  to  tlio  cxpc- 
ililiim  all  ariniiinoiit  of  oin'  liiinilri'd  sail,  t'>  fiillil  cniiipli'tuly  nil 
fiisiiij^i'iiii'iit  olliis  )iri'ilcri'ss(ir  ia  till' S'lverriL'iitv.  Hut  ttic  kiiiL' 
of  Kiiiiliitul  ili'inaiiilt'"!,  in  adilition,  tin'  ci'-sioii  (if  tin'  t'oniity  of 
8t.  Aiim'lo  ill  Aimlia,  witli  si'vcnil  lowiis  ;iiiil  iM^tli's,  liv  way  of 
dowry,  t'orlfn  sifter,  tlif  witf  ^f  tlu'  lati-  liiiij;.  TaiiiTul,  astonislicd 
at  a  di'iiiaiiil  sii  iiiu'xpt'cti'd,  iiitci-posfd  di-laxs.  '1'Ik'  inijit'tuous 
ltii-)iaril,  wliixi'  f irivs  were  iiicaiiHii'd  with  at  tlie  walls  of  llie 
lily,  attacked  and  took  |ios«es-ioii  ot  the  fortress  near  the  Kam. 
as  the  shortest  way  ot'  lir:ii:.'oi);  matters  to  a  eoneliision.  I'his 
air^re-sion  leil  to  a  >kinni'h  l)tt\vefU  the  Messiiie.;t'  and  the 
Kli^l'sh  ;  upon  wliieli  Kieli.ird  pot  liiiiiselt  at  the  head  ol  his  men. 
stoniied  one  i*f  the  u'ates,  ,  iitered  the  eily  swurd  in  hand,  slew 
iiiauy  Sieiliaus,  and  plnnT,-d  liis  leottiird  standard  on  the  walls  of 
.Messina.  liutthis  aet  of  viol  nee  Ird  Ion  t'lirther  iiul-roirlio  ;  ftn' 
Philip  Auiru^tus,  the  Kreiieii  Kin;:,  eonsidered  it  to  he  so  dis- 
rospeetl'ul  to  liiiiisi  If,  iis  well  as  unjust  to  Tanered,  that  hi'  olfend 
the  Kincof  Sieily  the  us,' of  his  wiinle  iiriiiy  to  revenue  the  insult. 
Thepriidnt  Taiier.'d.  however,  aware  how  i'lexpedieiit  it  was  toiidd 
the  wrath  nf  Kiehard  to  nil  his  either  euiliarr.issnienls,  iirefernd 
lucMleniti  11,  and  made  the  Kiiitr  of  Kii}r|.|nd  so  hanilsoiiie  a  pro- 
position, ill  satishiction  of  hisdeiiiiiiids.that  the  niisimderstaiidinp 
was  temiiiiated,  r.nd  the  Kinirs  of  Kranee  and  Knu'l  lUd  remained 
rIx  month"  Messina,  in  the  emirM'  (if  wliieli  Kehiii'd  learnt  to 
''dniirP  iraiik    and   jralftnt   charaeter  o('  'faneri'd.     On  the 

return  of  spring'  the  i"  o  r.oal  visitors  set  uuil  for  Palestine,  to  the 
DO  ainull  reliet  uf  tVir  liont. 


Tlie  catafalque,  or  funeral  tr(i|iliy,  wits  so  lofty, 
tliat  the  liolits  on  its  siiiiiniit  can;,'!!!  tlie  rafters  nf 
tiie  nave  and  the  ro.d':  and  it  anil  the  liody  of  the 
I'rince  were  all  consiinieil  toj;etlier.  The  -Mailomia  is, 
herseit'.  liie  patron -.saint  of  the  eily;  indeed  there  is  a 
letter  in  Latin,  said  to  have  been  written  with  her  own 
hand.  (pieserve<l  in  the  Cathedral,  and  exhihited  oiiee 
a  year,)  in  which  .she  siieeially  ailn]its  this  eity  and  its 
iiihaliitants,  who,  from  this  cau.se,  have  almost  all  ot 
them  "  la'tterio,''  or  '•  l^etteria,"  in  the  feminine,  as  one 
of  their  Cliiistiaii  names  l  'J'liere  is  a  toleralde  theatre, 
the  Santa  Klizalietta.  and  an  excellent  '  Klma,"  or 
Hotanieal  (lardeii.  The  port  isfjeiierally  full  of  foreion 
vessels.  ;ind  the  lirisk  trade  has  bronolit  to  the  jilace 
a  large  mercantile  po)inlatiiiii,  very  jiieally  to  the 
inipiovement  of  its  society.  The  iiiimlier  of  iiihalii- 
tants is  somewhere  alioiit  100,OtlO.  and  Messina  vies 
with  Palermo  for  the  honour  of  liein^'  the  capital  ot 
Sicily. 

Messina  is  not  famous  for  the  fine  arts  ;  hut  in  the 
Churcli  of  "The  Cro.ss-liearinj;  Fathers"  you  may 
see  a  lai'oe  pietilie  of  the  Kaisiiio  of  Lazarus  hy  (Jara 
vagirio,  and  in  ,"^1.  Andrew's  Church  is  an  Kcce  Homo, 
hy  Michael  An;;elo.  Tlie  Convent  of  St.  tiregorio 
stands  liioh  on  the  hill,  on  tlie  site  of  .Jupiter's  Temple, 


'  The  discovery  of  this  let'er  liaslieeu  attributed  tot 'oustaiitiiie 
Laseari.s.  Tlie  ,lesuit  .Melehior  Ineliufcr  wrote  n  volume  id  folio 
(1()2U)  to  prove  it.s  iiutliButicity. 


t'U'fs  i.r 

1'  tlic 
iniii  is, 
■(•  is  :i 
K'f  own 
1  once 
iind  its 
all   <>l 

IS  lillr 
liciitic. 
rii,"  111- 
tiircijiii 

JlliUC' 

(>  the 
iiilialii- 
lii    vies 

lital  of 


stantiiK' 
ID  foliu 


-I 

y 

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on 

t/J 


< 


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c/) 


< 


u 


I 


SICILY   AS  IT  IS. 


but  we  rnnlil  not  ol>tnin  admittniirc,  tin-  Luily  Alilicss 
being  al>s('iit,  so  wi-  missed  sociiig  its  line  luiirlilcs 
anil  I'f'lics 

Wt)  wiilkcd  down  to  tii('(|niiy.  wlicro  stands  a  broken 
statUH  of  l>on  •lolm  of  Aiistri:i,  wim  saiii'd  licncc  on 
iiis  cxpi'ilitjon  ii^jainst  tlic  Tiiiks,  and  Joini'il  a  iiaity 
on  a  criiisi'  over  lo  Scyllti,  on  the  oppisit"  const.  Tiif 
('liannt'l  widens  as  we  leave  .Messina,  wiiere  it  is  tlii'ee- 
aiid-a  half  miles  across,  Imt  lielow  the  l''aro  point,  it  ili 
minishes  to  little  more  than  two  miles  in  width,  .lust 
beyond  this,  we  enl  r  upon  the  eirelinn  eddies  of 
Charybdis,  a  whirlpool  fornieil  by  the  meeting  of 
the  currents  from  the  straits  and  tlu'  harbour.  In  a 
northerly  wind,  tht!  ves,sel  eh  ning  Charybdis  on  thi' 
left  is  not  utdikely  to  be  carried  full  on  to  I  lie  erigs  of 
Scylla  oil  till'  ri^dlt,  a  jagged  rock,  risin.;  jusi  above 
the  surface,  as  will  be  sei'ii  in  our  iUiistiation  (p  7J^) 
under  a  high  rock,  where  arr  caverns,  into  which  the 
waves  rush,  murnmriiig  and  roaring,  when  there  is  any 
wind.  Homer  and  N'irgil  describe  the  sea  monster Seylla 
— as  fastenecl  down  in  these  vast  caverns,  and  toniienled 
by  wolves  and  mastitis.  There  are  shells,  stones,  and 
strange-  .sea  animals  in   the  museum   of  the   little  city 

below,   which   an-  .said   to   have    I u    liiunil   in    these 

rocks,  which  rise  boldly  and  abruptly  JOIf  firet  out  of 
the  sea.'  On  the  other  side  are  the  fruitful  hills  ot' 
Sicily,  and  at  the  extreme  point  of  the  isl.ind  is  (.'a]ie 
I'elorUM.'- 


V.— ROUND  AND  UV  MOUNT  ETNA. 

\\'llKiiKVKK  you  go  on  this  .siih  of  Sicily,  yiui  have 
.Mount  Ktna  rising,  as  a  great  fact,  before  you,  and 
conipelling  youratteiition.  Not  that  it  ap|)ears  so  very 
high  ;  foi'  its  hugeness  ami  vast  upheaving  circiimferonce 
of  a  hundred  miles  partially  detr.ict  fnuii  its  height, 
but  it  seems  omnipresent,  and  weighing  upon  your 
mind  until  you  have  ascended  it,  which  you  know  to  be 
your  fate,  a  conseioiisuess  that  impels  you  to  the  per- 
formance of  the  task.     To  get   a  good  iiloa  of  Etna,  it 


'  Aiia\illns,  tlio  despot  <if  Hht');iiiin,  licini;  struck  with  tlic 
niitnral  strnigtli  of'tlic  ]i()siiiiiii  (if  .lie  prdiiinniiiry  of  Scvllicnni, 
fortiticd  the  rock,  iiiiil  estalilislieil  ii  luival  station  tliei'e  tor  tlie 
liui'iiose  of  clieeliinn  tlie  iiieinsion.s  of  tlie  I'yirlieniaii  piniti's. 
Tliis  wa<  ttie  origin  of  the  "  ()|)piiluiii  Scyllieuni,"  and  of  the 
existini;  fort  iind  small  town  which  stretolies  down  tho  slope:? 
towards  llie  two  bays. 

-  Haiinihal  is  said  to  have  put  his  pilot  to  deatli,  off  here,  on 
siispiciiin  of  treachery,  from  lindiiig  lli.it  he  was  about  totulte  Ics 
sliip  throuj.'ti  tlie  Faro  Straits,  and  afterwards,  on  diseuveiinf; 
his  error,  erected  a  temple  on  the  spot,  to  Ids  nieiiiory.  \  inodei-ii 
naval  authority  remarks,  that  iis  tlie  .\thi'niaiis  and  .iyraeiisaiis, 
as  well  119  boeriaiis  and  Rhegiaiis,  did  not  hesitate  to  lii^ht  in  the 
ii"aro  .Straits,  they  could  not  have  been  considered  so  fearl'iilly 
horrible  by  ancient  sailors  as  they  were  by  iiiieieiit  poets. 
(.'harybdis,  howeviT,  is  known  to  be  from  seventy  to  eighty 
futlionis  deep,  and  its  eddies  are  strong  eiimgli  to  whirl  round  a 
seventy-four  gun  ship,  when  the  current  ami  the  wind  are  con- 
trary to  each  other,  and  hot  h  in  great  violence.  Kspeciallv  hIicii  til' 
sirocco  blows,  the  swelling  and  dii.shing  of  the  woes  iiiCliarvbilis 
is  more  iiniieluons  mid  extensive  j  it  ilun  circles  in  i-dili.s,  and  if, 
<\t  this  time,  ves.Sfls  are  driven  into  it,  they  rock  and  slightly  wlurl 
round,  but  are  never  drawn  into  the  vortex  ;  they  only  sink'  by  the 
waves  heating  over  them,  and  this  would  be  Irc'ipieiilly  the"  case 
with  the  undeeked  vessels  of  the  niicients.  When  laiu'cr  vessels 
ire  forced  into  it,  whatever  wind  they  have,  tliey  cannot  extricate 
themselves  without  the  aid  of  pilots,  who  know  liow  to  bring  tlicin 
out  of  the  course  of  the  enrrent  These  are  always  readv  ahnig 
the  shores,  and  rush  imt,  like  onr  Deal  boatnieii;  to  vessels  in 
distress.  Admiral  Sinytli  says  he  has  seen  sevend  meiiol-war, 
and  even  u  seventy-lour  gun  ship,  whirled  round  on  its  snrlace. 


is  necessary  to  know  that  it  is  100  mites  round,  though 
its  immediate  Imse  is  unly  from  thirty  to  forty  mile* 
in  circumference,  and  that  it  ri.ses  in  a  pyramidal 
shape  to  ll(,M74  or  10,SK2  feet,  according  to  tho 
best  authorities.  It  is  twenty  live  iiiilcs  to  the 
lop,  by  an  easy  and  gracefully  winding-ioail.  The 
Zones  of  Ktna  are  cclebral  III.  Aroiiml  its  lower  slopes 
elusler  villages,  farms,  and  villa.s,  with  gardens  and 
fruitful  fields.  Ne\l  comes  tho  temper,. te  zone — of 
Woods  and  waterfalls,  and  herds  and  shepherils,  and 
balmy  air.  Above  this  is  the  cold  region  —  where 
are  the  pine  forests.  Next  is  the  fruzell  Zone  — 
where  ice  and  snow  make  the  traveller  shiver.  Then 
coiiii's  the  region  of  lire  and  ashes,  and  smoke  and 
desolaliou.  The  first  day  took  us  up  to  I'lronte, 
where  Nelson  s  vineyards  grow  right  up  to  the  siiow.s, 
and  a  short  distaiiie  from  which  there  is  an  old  con- 
\  vent,  which  the  farmer  of  the  estate  has  made  into  a 
•  snug  dwelling.  The  only  agrarian  disturbance  in 
Ha  the  last  revolution  took  jilaee  here,  fioiii  a  mistaken 
liiilioii  of  the  |iiasaiitiy  that  the  Nelson  estates  were 
about  to  be  di\  ided  amongst  tin-  cultivators  ;  but 
the  error  was  explained  away  by  the  |ire,senee  of  a 
few  of  (Jaribaldi's  rillennti,  one  or  two  of  whom,  being 
Knglishmen,  found  means  to  aiiiionnce  emphatically 
that  no  robbery  of  Horatio  Lord  Nelson  was  intended 
by  the  liberating  army,  'i'hey  call  I'lrimte  a  small  town 
in  their  books,  but  it  contains  I4,0IIU  inhabitants,  and 
j  makes  no  slight  ligtire  on  the  s|o]ie  of  Ktna,  which   has 

j  been  g I  enough  to  spare  it  liy  dividing  every  stream 

of  lava  Just  at  its  extremities,  leaving  it  complete  in 
I  the  middle,  with  all  its  glow  ing  vineyanLs.  There  is  a 
valley  Just  beneath,  w  ith  a  river  llowing  in  its  bottom, 
and  both  sides  green  with  olives.  All  tlie  land  round  is 
arable,  and  the  distant  heights  are  covered  with 
woods.  ^\'e  saw  the  point  at  the  green  vineyard 
where  the  lava  had  stopjicil,  after  cieeping  for 
miles  up  to  it,  slowly  and  silently.  There  was 
the  streik  of  the  lava  from  the  volcano,  darkening 
wood  and  vineyard,  above  and  on  either  side,  but 
Just  here  was  the  line -the  point  of  separation,  and 
Uronte — as  an  oasis  blooming  in  the  midst  of  a  burning 
desert.  There  are  ehurches,  and  convents,  and 
Norman  walls  and  ruins,  and  it  is  plea.saiit  to  stop  the 
nigli*   here,    and    get    up    in   the    morning  and    .stroll 


iii^K  iiv^iVf       tiitii        i^\    \j        "I  **'       i-iiv.        iii>'iiiiiii^      tiiiit        riiiuit 

over  the  lava,  through  the  wild  looking  country,  seeing 
Ktna's  to|>  ct  vered  with  snow,  on  onr  right  ;  centreil  in 
groves  of  oak  and  ■liesnut,  till  we  reach  the  old  wall.s.  the 
old  liotis  :■,  the  winding  streets,  and  I'liie  chut  elies  of  the 
old  I.j>niljaiiliaii  Itatidazzo.  There  are  some  houses  here 
of  a  very  moderate  si/  ,  richly  decorated,  and  oll'ering 
very  desirabh;  models  for  domestie  architecture  for 
our  y  ling  stinleiits, — examples  to  Vie  met  with  no- 
where else.  Them-e,  by  a  ]>icture.sipio  country,  abound- 
ing in  oaks  and  cliesnut  trees,  ]iast  ^Malvagna  to  Liiigna, 
or  Lingua  tirossa,  vvherc  there  is  a  poor  inn,  at  which 
we  ailvi.se  you  not  to  attempt  sleeping,  but  keep  on 
descending  through  tl'  rich  country  over  lava  .streams 
until  you  re.ich  (ii.irdini  on  the  sea  beach,  and  finish 
the  evening,  as  we  did.  at  that  lovcdy  village,  amidst 
orange  trees  and  locks,  diverging  only  to  Naxos,  the 
tirst  settlement  of  the  (iieeks  in  Sicily. 

To  Taiirominium  eiily  in  the  nioriiing  is  a  two-mile 
walko\er  the  beds  of  toi-rent  streams. y('»»/a/v,  rushing 
down  to  the  sea.  past  hills  to]i|ied  with  castles  or  white 
villages,  shilling  in  the  sunlight,  and  at  every  opening 
vista  the  deep  blue  sea.  Taonnini.i,  the  ancient 
j  Tauromini'ui,  whioh  contains  five  thousand  iiil.abitaiits. 


I  ! 


V 


i  ^  I 


til 


AI-L   HOUND  THE   WORLD. 


i'r    Ntill    t'ainnns    for    its    fuiliiliriniiM  air    luid    Kluiiuii.t 
view  of  Ktnii  (.«<•<■  ]).  66).     Tin'  Inniscs  un-  liiiilt  in  tlio 
Aldorixh    xlylr,    iiiul  luloiiii'i)    mitsiili'   witli   iti'al>i'si|iio 
I'attcriiH,  ill  lilaik  ainl  w  liilr  :  a  >(iii»iiii;  ami  ikivi^I  cllrct. 
(hi    tlio  iii|i;i'  of  u  li"'i:;iii   oiitsidi'  tin'  t.iwii,   fioiitiiii; 
tlir   iiioiiiitaiii  anil    IimiI<Iiil;  ilnwn  upon  i  In' xi'a,  Nlamls 
llic   ruins  of  the  <p|il  (Jrci'k  'j'lu'atri',    «liiis»!  walls  once 
wi'l'c  lini'il  willi  iiiai'lilt!  anil  ailoinril    with  statin's  ami 
('orintliian   ruliinins,      Tin'    (irnks  iniilt    it,  ami   tin- 
ltiiniansi'nni|i|i'ti'il.    It  lirlil   lti,oilt)s|H'i'tatoi's,  amlnaii- 
niarliia,  or  naval  liallli's,-    in  w  liicli  iral  sliijis  timi^'lil  in 
real  watiT,  ami    I'ral   .siilurs  (|)risoii('rs)   wcru  killcil, — 
nscil  to  take  |ilaii' lirrr.     'I'lnii' was  a  I'oni'lor  all  louml 
lor  inotrclion   to  tin'  H|i('i'tators  from  stoni's,  nml,  vast 
as  its  .stniitiiri',  ii  \vliis|i('r  or  ii   sii,'li  I'onld  lie  liranl 
in  its  ri'inoti'sti'xtri'mity.  'I'lii' Mi'iliti'irani'aii,  sci'iifroni 
tliis  s])ot  at    siinrisi',  is,  of  itself,  a  sii,'lit  of  .siir|iassini; 
lovrlini'sH  ;  Imt  inlil  to  this  tho  mannilici'iit  swi'i'p  ot' 
om'  siili>  of  Ktiia — thii    fortress — the  ohl   tower  —  the 
peaks — the   heifjlils,  ami,   on   the  other  side,  Messina, 
and    the    whole    eoast    nji   to  it,   dotted   with    towns, 
trees    and    Imshes,   and     \oii   can    iniaijiiie,    oven  did 
onr  illnstralion   not    snlliee.    how  exipiisitely  lieanlii'nl 
is  'I'aiiroiiiiniiini.      Next   lanie    liiposlo,  whem-e  I'oly- 
pheinns   threw  the  rock   that  ilistiirheil    the    loves   of 
Acis  and  (Jalateaat  Aei  Iteale,   a    town  on  tho  nioim- 
»aiii,    slandiiii;  "  on  seven    lieils   of   lava,"    each   with 
!l  stratum   of  earth  over  it,  everv'  one  of  wliiih   they 
say     takes     KM)    years  to     foriii.        Dioiloriis     Sieiilns 
iiieiitions  one  stream  of  lava  I'oniiim  down  lii'ro  whieli 
.<<top]ied  u  liody  of  troops  nianhiiii;  to  aid   the  Sy.M- 
eiisans,  who  wore  liosies;ed  liy  the  Itoinans  in  the  soeond 
I'niiie  War.      At  La  'I'le/./.a,  lait  u  short  di-lam  e  away, 
is  the  li.iy  of  I'lysses,  where  are  the  I  a\a].-lamls,  said 
to  have  heen  thrown  at  his  ship  liy  the  Cyilips      This 
port    rounded,    we   eonio    upon    the  white   and  IniLtlit- 
lookini;  city  of  (y'atania;   Imt  Jiist  lie'ore  re.ieljliii,'  it  we 
made  an  exenrsion  to  tiiaiiM,  and  six   miles   lieyoml  it  ' 
up  the  mountains,  to  see  the  I'amniis  ehesnnt  t  ree  oalled  ; 
Cento  Cavalli,  said  to  lie  a  hllMlred  and  ninety  feet   ill  j 
fiirtli.  and    to    have   eoM'red  a    hnndied    hordes   {i-rnfii 
citviiUi)  with  its  sh.ide.      The  old  stoek  is  in  the  e.irtli,  j 
bill   yonni»    trees   have  spriiiisj;   t'roiii    it;    just   siu'h    ai 
growih  may  he  seiii  in  Kew  (lardens.  I 

Catania  is  a  muderii  town,  stainliiiL,'  on   fonr  hods  uf 
lava.    Its  very  liarhourhas  lieeii  tilled  up  hy  an  eruption 
ill  lii'.i'.t,  wliieh  sent  down  a  stream  of  lava  that   rose 
sixty    feet    in    hi'ii;lit,    overtop|ied     the    walls,    and  I 
jionrecl  upon  the  devoteil  eity.      S'mi  i;o  down  seventy 
feit  into   what    looks  like  a  well.  Imt  it  is  the  old  eity  ' 
wall;   aliilo\erit  hani;s  what  looks  like  a  roek,  lait    is 
netiially  lava.     There  i.s  a  Ijeiiedietine  .Monastery  hard 
by.  whieh  the  lava  spared  hy  dividinj,'  and  riinninj;  on 
eaeh   side    of  it,   as  at    llidi.te.      The   lieiy  flood   ealiie 
within  toil  yards  on  one  side,   „;;;!   live  on  tho  other.  ' 
We    had    no    time    to    stop    for  other   eiiriosities,    for  ] 
rumour.s  of  a   lost   battle    here   reaehi'd    iis,    and  onr  i 
duties    superseilod    t'lirther   excursion.      So  we  pas.sed   j 
throujih  Catania  (observiiijj;  how  its  houses  were  built  | 
of  lava,  and  its  streets  jiavod  with   it  — how  the   licpiid  j 
firo   had   filled   up   its  harbour,   consumed  its  gardens,  | 
and  overturned   its  walls),   and   ]iiislied  on,  over  lava 
]iavemi'iit    tiist.  and   black    sand   afterwards,    throiigli 
e.ietus   liedgo.'J   with   .scarlet    tlowers,    for   Mount  Ktna. 
Fcmvteen  miles,  alter  |iassing  two  obelisks   that  mark 
the     Ktna     ruad,      brought    us    at    a    creeping    pace 
to    Nicolosi,    whore    we    got     some     wine    and    cold 
meat,  w>    if  going   over    llelvellyu    or    up  Snowdon. 


I  They   tell    us   here,    as  overywherc  on    the  iimuntain, 

that  the  vilhigo  has  I n,  .some  time  or  oilier,  ii  victim 

to  its  I  reacheroiis  p.irent,  lire,  ami  they  speak  ot 
oarthcpiakes  as  we  do  at  lioiiio  of  great  storms,  jtehind 
the  hoii>es  of  Nicolosi  we  see  rising  the  double  summit 
of  .Miaiti  Hossi,  or  the  lied  Jlill>,  so  called  from  the 
dark  red  colour  of  its  scoriio.  This  was  the  crater  that 
thri'W>ip  the  lava  by  which  Calania  was  nearly  buried. 
It  consists  of  two  cones,  close  to  each  other,  and  nearly 
I.IMMI  f,.,.t  high.  \\\\  hcicirceei\eil  the  kind  hospitality 
of  l»r.  (ieinellaro,  to  whom,  and  liis  twci  brothers,  tra- 
vellers on  I'tiia  have  Iceeii  so  lunch  indebted.  In 
iMIl,  they  built,  and  furnished  ii  cottage  for  travellers 
at  an  elevation  of '.•,.">S7  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Two  years  afterwards  it  was  destroyed,  but  siioii  re 
Jilaced.  Then,  the  I'aiglisli  troops  being  here,  Lord 
l''oi'lie.s  and  his  ollicers  siiliscriboci  and  built  a  more 
solid  sheller — now  callcci  the  i^asii  liujline — or 
Knglish  Cottage.  The  hordsinon  of  Mount  Ktna 
stole  the  fiirniliire.  and  when  it  had  beoii  replaced. 
thc>  Austrian  ollicers,  c|iiarlered  at  Catania,  broke  open 
the  door  (this  was  in  iM'li).  .ind  burnt  tin' furniture  as 
lirewciocl.  After  pissing  tliidugh  tbrcsls,  broken  down 
in  many  places  by  lava  torrents,  in  which  we  roused 
licrds  of  allViyhlecl  c.illle.  we  .saw  iibovo  us  the  eiior- 
niiais  lava  beds  of  the  Ih.cc  arello  del  Fiioeo — the  •'  Kittle 
.Months  of  Smiiko"  which,  not  ipiito  a  century  ago 
(llitlil).  destroyed  a  million  of  oaks  in  the  f 'i-ost  !  At 
a  hut  in  the  wood,  a  mere  shed,  wc  rested,  and  tlieii 
entered  thodcsoil  region.  At  the  foot  of  Monte  Miiiar- 
clo,onc'  of  the  largest  .secomlary  cones, are  seen  tho  glaciers 
of  Cat.iiiia.  iJillcr,  indeed,  was  tho  cold,  and  great 
wore  onr  snlfcrings  from  clillieiilty  of  res|iiiatioii  ;  but 
we  pushed  our  way,  with  I  he  undaiintcil  "jiliick" 
of  Knglish  travellers,  and  at  hist,  just  betbre  dawn, 
looked  down  t'roiii  tho  edge  of  tho  crater  into  tho 
very  bowels  of  Ktna.  IScncalh  us  yawned  the  great 
crater,  a  dee])  and  irregular  valley,  brislling  with 
blocks  of  bine,  green,  and  white  lava,  and  variegated 
with  lilies  of  eiii'liiii!  vapour  issuing  fiinn  a  hnndrod 
rents,  ami  almost  Millbcatiiig  us  with  their  sharp,  acid 
emanations.  The  sun.  risini;  t'roin  an  eastward  sea, 
now  gave  us  a  most  astcaiisliing  prospect.  Tho  wlioh" 
of  Sieily  lay  belore  us  westward.  The  hiimlred  sniallor 
cones  and  hills  iiiimodiately  iironnd.  rose  up  as  from  a 
llat  siirliioe  of  overspreading  mist,  and  beyond  was  a  sea 
of  nionntains  rising  like  waves,  o\ or  which,  like  tin? 
shade  of  some  vast  cloud,  was  thrown,  as  the  sun  rose, 
tho  gigantic  shadow  of  the  mountain  itself, — a  pur|ile 
darkness,  reaching  across  tho  onlire  island  to  the  re 
inotest  hori/on,  and  gr.nln.illy  short  cuing  as  the  sun  rose 
above  the  Ionian  Sea.  Now  the  mists  rose  from  below, 
and  standing,  as  we  were,  two  miles  above  it,  all  Sicily 
lay  at  our  feet.  Wo  saw  the  whole  triangle  of  the 
island,  its  tlireo  promontories,  nnd  all  its  tiililed  and 
storied  localities,— tho  lioot  of  Italy,  Calabria,  the 
Adriatic,  l.ipari  Islands,  and  tho  Meditorraiio.in.  Tho 
shadoof  Ktna  was  clearly  detined,  a  cone  slightly  curved 
on  one  side, —  tho  last  oarthipiako  of  ll'tli  l>ooeinber, 
18.")",  had  toppled  down  a  largo  portion  of  it — iind  we 
ciaild  see  olearl\  the  whole  ciienmferonco  of  the  water, 
about  three  miles,  and  its  depth,  about  TCO  foot.  Down 
below  lis  wore  tho  plains  of  Eniia,  where  I'l'oserpine 
went  a-ni,ayiiig,  and  found  herself  entrapped  by  I'luto. 
After  a  parting  look  at  the  crater,  tho  guides  load  us  to 
the  brink  of  another  orator,  which,  in  1842,  throw  its 
lava  into  the  Val  di  liove  (Valley  of  the  (>x),  so  calh'd 
frcuii  its  roscniblanco  to  a  pair  of  horns.     The  scene 


I  ^'    •'   1' 


-T"  ^^^^M-     --iaS' 


.:'^%WV*''^^'.'^ 


COSTUMES    AND    INHABITANTS   OF    SICILY. 


RUINS   OF   AGRiatNTUM   (CIRGENTI).   iH   SICILY, 


1.1' 


ijlll. 


M 


SICILY    AS    IT   IS. 


17 


In  striiiigp  riml  frrrifi'-  KiIiIIphi'ITi.  ly  Ninnki' issiiiiitr 
friiiii  ;i  Imi>,'i'  vent,  wiili  ili'iili'iiint;  iiml  wlii-lliii),'  ii'ii»iH 
fnlluwiri}.',    ami    tlinn-aiuls  nf  .■nis>iMK  iinil   rc-crossiMi,' 

Ktrt'lllllM   111'    Hlllipkr,     willlSC     Slll|llllinillS     VI1|1I)IIIH     H|iri>l|i|y 

I'divi'd  IIS  to  ii'tlTiit.  Krntn  tlii'  Ciiho  ili  lloxi)  we  ilc- 
K(TII(l('(ltntll.'rMrrcil(l  |''l|lp^(l|■cl|•,lll•llollW•ll|'  Klll|ill|(ii'l.'S, 
tllcVllin   |lililnMi|ill('r,  will.    \l  isllnl  tu  111'   llnniylll    tn||MV(( 

lift'ii  niriicil  ii|i  til  till'  .skii'i*.  liiM  wlmsc  Ihm/.iii  .sli|i|)cr, 
tliriiwii  up  1>\  lln'  iiatrr,  lirlrnynl  tin'  iiii'IIumI  i>I' liisHcll'- 

MHIJ{llt    lll'lltll.  Klillll    lll'lHC    WCMIINV   lIlC    Vlll   lli    lillVC.Hix 

hiilcH  IdiiK,  iiiiii  lliiii'  liiiiiul.  iii(|ii.-c(|  liv  |icr|M'iiiliriilar 
wiiUm  (if  liivo,  iiliiii-  lliiiii   lln'   liiiiiiiiii   rail',   ami   rising 
ill  places  tti  iiiorc  tliaii   a  lliuiisaiiil    I'nl  IVoiii  tin'  baso. 
Kroiii  liiTc  wi-  Hiiiiii    t'liiiiiil   ciiir  way  lia<'k    tn  tliu  rnad 
nnil    into    C'atnliia,    wliciv,    at'HT    inspcctiii','    the   wilk 
iiiHiiutaotory,  wliicli   is  its  cliicl"  imliistiy,  and  m  inado 
two  yards   in  width,   we  left  iiiir   nrat   liotid,    with    its 
ruol     nul-tiled    Hour,    and    liastciu'd    im    tn  SynuMiso ; 
passing   l.a  Uraca,   (iinimis  fcir  oysters;   Agosta,  with 
ll'.OtlO   inhaliitants,   who  export  wine,  oil,  and  honey, 
and  whore  there  is  still  a  pliintatioii  of  sii;;ar  eanes,  tlit; 
last   remnant   of   the    Moors  :    ncross   Krimiis,    where 
Demosthenes  (not  the  orator,)  fought    a    liattlo  with 
the    Syraousnns,  whi<'h    he    lost;   and    tlieiite    to   ohl 
Syracuse   {sen    ]>.    88),    where    we    heard    the   Sieilian 
sailors    elianting  the  evening   hymn,    in   the  aueieiit 
harbour.      The  city   is    interesting   from    its  classieal 
association,   and    its  olive  groves  are  .said   to  be   tho 
oldest    in    the    world,    those   alioiit    Jeriisa'em   a'.oiie 
excepted.  The  Syraeiisans  have  all  (Jicek  features  ;  and 
theii'  is   a   ]iopulation   of  about  2i\()0(l,  as  against  a 
million  in  aneient  days,  with  an  army,  besides,  of  lUd.ddO 
infantry,  and  a  navy  of  .JOD  armed  ships     The  fountain 
of  Aretlinsa,  the  patron   goddess  of  Syr.ieviae,  once  .so 
liimous,  is  now  a  washing-tank,  the  common  rendezvous, 
not  of  nympli.s,  but  of  washerwoinen  ;  and  the  site  of 
the  Teinjilc  of   Minerva    is  occupied  by  the  UathiMlralj 
although  .some  of  tlu"  ancient  coliiinns  are  still  standing 
Santa  J.ucieii  occupying   the   place   of  the    (lodde.ss  of 
Wi.sdom.   Adrecianbasin  foruisthe  baptismal  font.  The 
Church  of  St.  Jolin  here  issaiti  to  1)0  the<ildest  Christian 
cluirch    ill    the    worhl,    and    they    say    that   St     Paul 
preached  there.     Then-  me   miles  of  catacombs   under 
the  city,   marked   with   Christian  .symliols,    when   the 
early  Christians  sought    refuge   there  from  per.secution. 
The  amphitheatre,  that  once  held  il(>,(liitl  spectatons,  is 
a  mass  of  ruins  ;  but   the  semicircle  of  seats  is  still 
defined,  and  there  are  yet  remains  of  the   Nymplaeuni, 
or  mnsie-hall,  that  la'ldthe  tripod  of  .Apollo.  The  castle 
seen  in  our  illustration  {.les  p  88),  was  built  by  .Maniaces, 
tho  Uvzantine  general.      In  this  castle  died  the  Dutch 
Admiral  Do  Itiiyter,  and  in  this  harb(jur  Lord  Nelson 
stopped  to  Water  his    lli'ct  before  sailing  to   Aboukir 
Bay,  for  the  victory  of  the  Nile      1  )own  in  the  Latoiiiias, 
fir  excavations  which  abound   at   Syraciisi>,  anil  at  the 
one  called   Latomia   del   raradiso.  is   the  famous  Eiir 
of  Dioiiysius.   It  is  an  e.Ncavation  si.xty-f.i  t  in  height, 
which  gradually  tapers  to  a  point,  wlieiice  a  narrow 
channel  conveys  sound  to  a  chamber  in  the  rock;  the 
crumpling  of  a  piece  of  paper  below  can  be  heard  above, 
but  there  is  at  present  no  way  of  access  to  the  chamber, 
except  by  being  let  down  to  it  by  a  rope.     The  reputed 
tomb  of  Archiiiiede»'lie.<  near  this;   and  at  the  gate  of 
Agrigeutuni  we  hired  a  boat  -and  crossed  the   harbour 

'  The  art  of  finding  th*  speoiflo  gnTitiea  of  bodies  is  lenerally 
■ndentood  to  hav*  been  invented  by  Archimedes,  the  ct^le- 
knktadBieehauutkudiiiatbeairticiknofByraGUM.wbofluariBbed 


to  the  nioiilli  of  the  .\napus,  ulmb  \\r  found  ratli<  r  it 
diti'li  than  a  river,  passing  ihrougb  pliiiilatioii-i  ol  tlux, 
its  Mat  nindily  banks  on  eillier  side  being  rank  with 
Ncgelatioii,  Wti  had  to  pole  niid  push  our  Way  up. 
but  at  last  sneceeded  in  di.seovi'ring  the  papyrus — tho 
plant  (whose  stem,  split  into  thin  slices,  siifliied  tho 
ancients  for  paper,)  growing  on  its  banks.  This  is  a 
curio>ily,  for  the  plant  grows  nowhere  else  in  Kiirope. 
It  is  a  tall  rush  of  very  gnat  heiglil,  wiih  a  naked 
stem  terminating  in  brown  ttifis,  Salislieil  with  our 
voyaye,  We  returned  to  our  wine,  and  foiiilied  ourselves 
against  the  malaria  with  plea.sani  iliaiiglils  of  the 
Syriiciisaii  .Muscat  wine,  wlm-e  (pialily  is  such  that 
should  reioinmcnd  it  to  Kngli^h  consumers,  and  its 
price  something  between  Ibiirpence  and  sixpence  a 
iiolljc.  We  cidssan  angle  of  theislaiid  to  'I'erialiova,  the 
ancient  (Ida, where  .1-scliyliis  is  said  to  lia\e  been  killed 
while  walkingon  the  beach,  by  an  eagle  dioppinga  tor 
toi.ic  on  his  bald  head,  which  the  biid  mistook  for  a  stone. 
Hence,  through  wild  heaths  and  lovely  mule  track;.,  to 
Girgeiiti,  the  site  of  the  ancient  Agrigoiituni,  a  Creek 
colony,  the  site  of  which  is  now  covered  with  luxuriant 
groves  of  lig,  orange  and  olive.     Jt  was  hero  that  I'ha- 

iiliiait  2UII  yiMrs  liefurH  I  'lirint,  Tht>  stoiy  gnet,  that  a  Koldnmitb 
hitviiig  tiuvii  uiii)ili>yi'il  I'y  II  irn,  kiiiK  "I  Syraciixe,  to  make  a 
criiun,  a  iiiiiHti  ol  Kiml  hus  );ivun  liini  fiT  tliiit  iiurpnae.  Bui  it 
was  suBpcuCuil  tliiil  thi!  unikiiiiin  liiul  ki'pt  back  iiart  of  the 
Rdlil  for  his  iiwn  ii»e,  ami  iuhiii'  iin  tlic  wuikIiI  by  alloying  ttie 
cruwn  with  copptir.  Hiuro.  imt  kiiuwiiiL:  Imw  to  liHcertiiin  the 
triitli  in  ri'latinn  to  tins  cuciiiii.itiknce.  rufirreil  the  matter  to 
Arcliimt'dcs.  The  iihiliwopln^r.  itttcr  having  Ions  studied  the 
subject  in  vain,  at  laiitucci.li'iiiallv  hit  uiioii  a  iiii'Uiod  of  verify 

iiiK  the  kinit's  suKpieion.    (i ;:  oni.ilny  iiitoaliath.  he  observed 

tUut  the  water  rmiehiulier  in  tiic  tub  or  bath  than  it  was  before, 
ami  immediately  bei;an  to  relliut  that  any  Ixidy  of  an  equal 
biitl.-  with  biniselt  would  have  raised  tlie  water  just  to  the  same 
heii^lit,  though  a  liody  of  iiiiial  irrigld  but  not  of  equal  bulk 
would  not  raise  it  so  much.  This  iili'a>iii|.');este(i  to  Inni  themode 
ot  hudmxout  what  he  su  uiueh  dcMred  to  ascertain;  and,  in  the 
trauHports  of  his  joy  on  making  sueh  a  diiteovery,  he  runhed  out 
of  liio  bath,  and  ran  naked  tliroii;.'li  the  streets  of  Syracuse,  ex- 
olaiiuinR  in  the  Greek  laiiKuajie,  "Kiiiekal  Kurekal"  "  I  have 
found  it  t  I  have  found  it!"  .Now,  since  ).'old  was  tlie  heaviest 
of  all  metals  known  to  Archimeilcs,  it  appeared  evident  that  it 
must  be  of  less  bulk,  acconlni):  to  its  \ve.|;ht.  than  any  other 
metal.  He  iimcured  a  mass  oj  pure  gohl  equally  heavy  with 
the  crown  when  weighed  in  air.  and  desired  that  it  should  be 
w.  lulled  against  the  cronn  in  water,  aii'l  it  the  crown  was  nut 
allojed.  It  would  counierbalanee  the  mass  of  gold  when  they 
weie  both  iuinierseil  in  water,  as  «i  II  as  it  dnl  when  they  were 
immersed  in  air.  But,  <iii  niakn.K  the  tnal.  he  found  tb^t  the 
niii.-^s  of  gold  wei|;lied  iiiiich  In  avier  In  waer  than  di't  the 
cri'«u:  not  only  so,  Ijut  when  the  mass  and  crown  were  im- 
nieiaed  separately  in  one  vessel  ol  w.iter,  the  crown  raised  the 
wacer  much  higher  than  the  mass  of  K'ld  did  ;  which  proved 
that  it  was  alloyed  with  some  li^'liter  metal  which  increased  its 
bulk.  By  making,  in  this  manner,  trials  ot  different  metals, 
eqiMlly  heavy  as  the  crown,  he  tound  oat  the  quantity  of  alloy 
Willi  h  had  been  introduced  into  It.  A  body  immersed  in  a 
fluid  will  sink  tu  the  bottom  of  it  if  it  be  heavier  than  its  bulk 
of  the  tluid ;  and  if  it  be  susi>eii<led  in  it.  it  will  lose  as  much  of 
w  hat  It  weighed  in  air  as  its  bulk  of  the  tluid  weighs.  Hence 
all  b 'dies  of  equal  bulks,  which  would  sink  in  fluids,  lose  equal 
weights  when  suspended  in  them  ;  and  unequal  bodies  lose  in 

Sroportion  to  their  bulks.  This  is  the  foundation  of  the  whole 
octrliie  of  specitic  gravities.— The  specilio  gravities  of  all  bodies 
that  sink  in  water  may  be  found  first  liy  weighing  the  body  in 
air  and  then  in  water,  and  dividing  the  weight  in  air  by  the  loss 
of  V,  ei;;ht  in  water.  For  example,  a  guinea  weighs  one  hundred 
and  twenty-nine  grains  in  air.  iiml  when  weighed  in  water  it 
loses  seven  and  one  quarter  grains,  which  shows  that  a  quan- 
tity of  water  of  equal  bulk  with  the  guinea  weighs  seven  and 
one  quarter  grains.  Divide  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine  by 
seven  and  one  quarter,  the  quotient  will  be  17.7U3,  or  a  little 
more  than  seventeen  and  three  quarters,  which  proves  the 
guinea  tu  be  seventi  en  and  three  quarter  tim  s  heavier  than 
ite  bulk  of  water.    The  instrument  used  to  lind  the  specitic 

gravities  of  boiliea  is  called  the  Hydroxlaiie  Balanu,  which 
itfers  but  little  from  «  common  balance,  only  it  has  a  hook 
at  the  bottom  of  one  of  the  scales  on  <7hioh  different  substances 
tliat  are  to  be  examined  may  be  hung  by  horse  hairs,  or  silk 
threads,  so  as  to  bv  uumersed  in  a  veaasl  of  water  withoat 
wetting  th*  seals. 


i   :i; 


i  •■' 
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■      i   M 

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I:', 


i|il 


dS 


ALL  HOUND  THE   WORUX 


Inris  had  liis  brazen  bull,  and  mar^L'  j'orillus.  tlir  inventor, 
tlie  first  victim,  byenclowinj,'liiinin  it  when  heated  red  In  it. 
It  was  till-  lovely  city  that  a  iioiiuliition  of20(t,001i 
Sybaritic  citizensquitted  in  one  nif,'ht  rather  tha'i  endiire 
the  shortness  of  a  few  days' jirovision  wlien  hesieyjed  by 
the  Carthaginians.  Our  sketeii  shows  on  t  he  ri;;Iit  the  ruins 
ot'the  Tenii)lfi  ol'Conconl,  and,  on  the  Ifft.  that  of  Juno 
Lucina.  Tlie  former  stands,  {jrand  and  simple,  on  a 
lonely  crag  lookinj;  over  the  sea.  The  view,  from  a 
distance,  of  the  hi{;h  ]ilateau,  on  which  the  town  stanils, 
is  dtliciou.s  The  ])o|ndation  is  l'ri,(iO(l,  and  it  is  an 
enipori'Mii  for  tlie  sulphur  which  comes  here  from  the 
neifihbouvhood  of  Sicuiiana.  Zeu.xis  selected  five  wonu'ii 
of  Agrigontum,  and  painted,  from  their  C(imbine<l 
beauties,  his  celebrated  picture  of  Juno — using  them  as 


models  of  grace,  ex])ression,  .synnnetry,  elegance,  and 
modesty.  The  town  of  Sii-uliana  contains  .^,616 
inliabitant.s  wiio  are  engaged  in  working  the  mines  of 
sulphur  wliich,  being  mi.ved  with  lime,  is  easily  biu'nt 
and  run  out,  pure,  into  niouUls  and  boxes.  The  occu- 
])ation  is  very  jirofitidih  .ind  numerous  moderate 
fortunes  and  ini'omes  are  i  ralised  in  this  trade. 

We  no  wcro.s.sed  over  to  Palermo,  lea  ingScgestumwith 
its  Temple,  anil  Mount  Ery  x — wlu"  e  was  the  celebrated 
Temple  of  Venus  Krvi'ina.  the  .nost  voluptuous  and 
vicii>us,  in  her  rite.s,  (.t  all  tl  <■  Venuse.s — to  our  left. 
At  Paleiiuo  we  took  the  sceam  boat,  and  reached 
^'apli-;  in  time  to  welcome  the  installation  of  the  uew 
dvuxstv. 


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VIEW    OF    SYRACUSE,    \H    SICILY 


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CHINESE  BOAT. 


CHINA.  COCHIN  CHINA,  AND  JAPAN, 


1.— nONG  KONG 

The  sending  an  .army  and  a  flpft  to  the  month  of 
the  Peilio  Rivor,  with  tho  intention  of  iidvaiicing  l>y  a 
fihort  cnt  across  the  conntry  <lirt'i't  to  Tckin  itsilf, 
entailed  an  amount  of  coniiuissiiiiiit  pr(>]i:iration  wliieli 
necpssitjitod  cur  reaidiins;  Cliina  fiir  some  niontlis  in 
advance  of  th(»  Kxpedition,  iis  well  for  the  inakin};  our- 
selves aoqnainted  not  only  with  the  means  ofohtaining 
re.'dy  sn|)|>lies  for  the  present,  as  foi-  acfjiiii-inff  such  a 
kiiowledge  of  tlie  hahits  ;ind  maimers  anil  language  of 
the  people,  as  well  as  the  rea<Mirces  of  the  sev<'ral  parts 
of  the  conntry  as  would  render  us  masters  of  every 
means,  and  prepared  for  every  contingency,  in  case  of 
a  longer  continiiation  of  the  eami)aign. 

As  we   near   Hong  Kong,  it  reminds  as,  as  it  hiis 


done  others,  of  the  Western  Highlands.  The  moun- 
tains rise  apparently  harren  and  uncultivated,  Imt  on 
passing  CJrcen  Island  an  agreeahle  suiprise  awaits  us. 
The  town  of  /ictoria  s])rcads  out  in  a  semiciicle  at 
the  water's  edge,  stretching  three  or  four  miles  on  each 
side  of  the  Hay,  and  going  hack  fiom  the  water's  edge, 
one  building  aliove  another,  right  to  the  mountain's 
.side.  The  Hay  is  full  of  .shipping,  but  a.s  seen  from 
the  town  appears  land  locked  ;  so  lliat  in  going  o\it  anil 
coming  in,  the  city  .s]>rings  u|)  before  you  directly 
behind  the  island  which  you  pass.  Hong  Kong  is  '26 
miles  in  circinnference.  0  miles  long,  and  f*  broad. 
These  seas,  on  every  side,  are  full  of  s\ich  islands;  but 
We  gut  this  one  as  a  bonus  for  23.:^!t.T  chests  of  upiuni  de- 
stroyed liy  I, in.  and  )iaid  fur  by  the  Chinese,  and  once 
getting  a  foothold,  ii\  sjiite  of  aH  obstacles  of  ]>ositioii 


i 


I     I 


:i 


M|' 


90 


ALL   ROUiND  THE   WORLD. 


Hiid  climate,  wr  liiivii  L'li:ii.jj;<'(l  the  I<illi|iiitiiiii  fiHliiiig- 
towii  til  nnnthi'r  Siiigajioii-.  Tlif  1/Ou  poverty-stricken 
Chinese  of  184U  liave  increased  to  nearly  a  quarter  of 
a  million.  Hon;;  Kong  is  to  China  what  tiilir.iltar 
is  to  Spain — or  rather  it  is  tlie  Ijver'pool  of 
Chiim.  It  is  atHicti'il  witli  a  Governor,  a  Council 
f)f  Five,  a  (.'liief  Justice,  and  an  Attorney-deneral, 
wlio  i|inu'rel  with  each  otlicr,  stand  upon  dignity, 
and  make  distinction  in  rank  lietween  gentry  and 
mcroliants,  wlmlesalc  and  retail  dealers,  .and  such  kind 
of  •'  genteel  "  nonsense.  ( )!'  rourse  there  is  a  racecourse, 
and  there  are  two  roads,  and  the  watering-place  once 
used  to  he  called  Chuckee,  liut  it  is  now  known  as 
Stanley, — tlie  jilace  where  the  Chinese,  who  did  not 
know  what  they  were  going  to  do,  tried  to  steal  Mr. 
Chisholni  Anstey.  There  are  bari-iick.s,  where  the 
Soldiers  cannot  live;  and  a  prison,  which  is  so  overrun 
with  rats,  that  the  poorer  (.'hinese  consider  it  a  (iivour 
to  he  sent  there.  The  cluh-house  is  ni  st  creditable  to 
the  place,  and  tlie  stranger,  not  caring  for  the  hotel,  is 
very  comfortably  off  if  introduced  by  one  of  Iiis  friends 
wild  may  be  a  member.  A  good  library,  and  all  the 
Knglisli  pei'iodicals  are  on  the  table  and  in  the  book- 
case; while  good  chow-chow, —  which  means  food  and 
all  a  man  can  want. —  good  attendance,  and  guod  b  ■(!.<, 
eanbehad  foraboutfiftcen  shillings  a-day  ;  but,  in  China, 
most  gentlemen  are  iuimediatt^y  taken  pos.session  of  i 
by  those  who  in. ly  be  known  to  thein.and  thon  their  house 
is  your  Imnie,  aceordnig  to  the  established  usage  of  the 
l.ind.  The  first  thing  that  strikes  the  stranger  is  tlw  , 
busy,  untiring  iinliistry  iif  the  Chinese  in  their  little 
.■-hups.  Women  and  men,  and  siimetiMies  even  little 
children',  are  hard  at  work,  making  combs,  trunks,  or 
shoes,  some  chopping  up  meat,  others  aiTanging  their 
vegetables  for  >.ile.-  Here  a  party  of  masons  erecting 
a  bamboo  stage,  and  there  a  chain  gang  of  convicts, 
a.scending  the  hill  under  a  soldier's  bayonet  ;  coolies 
carrying  water,  an  enormous  load  ;  seilau  eliairs 
Imrne  by  two  or  four  ;  boys  hawking  about  candies 
and  sweetmeats  :  I"  atmen  and  liou.se  serv.ints,  comitig 
and  going,  all  dressed  in  that  [lecilliar  national 
blue,  wide  trowsers  and  butcher  jackets  and  their 
long  tails  either    wound  alMUit  their  head   or  trailing 

'  III  Cliiiia,  till' I'liililri'ii  l«'f.'iii  tci  vvi.rk  vfrv  ™r!v  iilnicist  Inn 
yiiiiiL';  tlii'V  p't  siMimis  Miiil  scdiile,  iiic  hiiiiiIi'i  !'  Ilv  iilil  t'.isliiniii'il, 
iiml  think  tnr  Uit'iiisflvt's  vrrv  simxi.  Thnu-jli  tluTc  is;:ri':it  respect 
hliottii  In  nlil  iij.'i',  javi'iiili's  iiri-  not  siiiiIiIk'iI  (iir  lii'int'  |iri'c  einiis, 
(111  the  cniitrarv,  tiio  litth>  fi'ilnws  iiiiiy  nl'tcn  he  niiticrd  giviiiij 
tlii'ir  iipiiiiniis  trcelv  iH-lnrc  ihi'ir  eliliT^. 

Tlie  tirsi  thiiijr  :i  chikl  limf.'.<  tiir  i*  :i  sii])oik  (a  enhi  nl'alinu'  the 
lOtli  of  H  fill  tiling)  ;  the-  lirst  use  it  iimla'S  nf  il.s  spirch  iinil  inli'l- 
liiri'iice  Is  t(i  li'iirii  to  .irtiiiiliito  tlic   iiiimos  nl   cuius.     When  i.is 
liitli'  tiiipora  lire  hin  eiioii^fli  In  hnhl  the  pencil,  it  is  with  niakiiii.;  i 
tijiures  that    lie  aiimses   hiiiisi'll,  iiiid  as  snnn  as  the  tiny  ereaturo 
call  see  anil  walk,  he  is  cupalile  nf  Imviii};  ami  selliii);.       Ill  (  liiiia 
ynii  iieeil  never  tear  scntlni;:  a  clillil  to  ii.akr  a  piirelmse  ;  ynii  may 
rely  iipnn  it  he   will  imt   allow  hiniself  to  lie  elieatid.      Kveii  the 
piims,  ai  which  tlu-  little  ('l.iiie.»e    play,  are  always   iinpref^imlcd 
with  this  iiiircaiitile  spirit  ;  they  aiiiiii-e  themselves  with  heeplii),'  i 
»linps,  ami  opening  little  pawnlirokei's  e-talMishineiils,  am)  faiiii- 
liaiisi'  theiiisclvis  thii*  witli  the  j.irgoii,  the  tricks,  ami  the  frauds  i 
of  Iradesineii.  I 

*  The  Cliinew' grnw   a  caMiage  expressly  for   its  oil   and   8CC<1.  | 
Till'   Jti-(issu-fi  x'HfHxiit    Is    lis   lioi.inii'al   name.      It   oii^rht   to   he  , 
lired  ill  the  ofit^n    ,ur   h\   Kiigil>li   tarniers.     It   proniiies   flower  j 
.^teins,  time  or  fiiiir  feci  liiiili   (Just  as  our  cahliace,)   with  yellow  ; 
Howers  and  long  )hhIs.      In  .April,    when    the   ticMs  arc  in  bliMim, 
the  whole  country  .se*'m.'»  tinged  with  gold,  ami  al'icr  a   shower  of 
rain,  the  friigrmice  emitted  Is  di  lieioii  .     The  seeds  are  ri[ie  in 
May,  when  they  areclealicti  ami  pressed.     There  is  a  great  ilenmml 
lor  the  oil,  the  refiis<>  Is  used  as  m  ■cake, or  broken  up  as  a  umiiure, 
wiiich  u  highly  idtKnlHgeuus  to  tlie  land. 


down  hchind^  The  streets  of  Hong  Kong  offer  • 
thousand  lellections  to  tho.se  who  have  never  been 
brought  in  contact  with  the  Celestial  nice. 

There  are  drawbacks  :  the  (/'hine.se  are  not  of  the 
most  respectable  classes  ;  the  summers  are  hot  ;  the 
town  of  Victoria  is  not  the  most  healthy  in  the  world; 
but  there  never  was  a  colony  established  without  some 
sai'ritices.  rerseverance  is  an  especial  British  character- 
istic, and  nmnifold  precautions  and  sanitary  measures 
are  being  taken  to  diminish  the  amount  of  sickness. 

There  are  grievances  of  a  more  amusing  character, 
and  which  take  strangers  aback  on  arrival.  The  fii-st 
is  the  .sy.stein  of  transport,  which  is  by  |ialaiiipiin. 
Chinese  porters,  especially  in  Hong-Kong,  are  by  no 
means  so  tractable  as  lliiidoos  ;  and  it  has  happened 
that  a  gentleman  invited  to  dine  at  (lovernmeut  House, 
has,  through  their  pig-tail  obstinacy,  been  too  late  for 
the  re| last  Again,  it  is  customary  in  Hong-Kong  that 
guests  should  take  their  "  boy  "  with  them,  and  certain 
members  of  the  French  emba.ssy  declare  that,  not  being 
provided  with  a  young  (.'hinese  fresh  from  the  barbel's, 
with  his  tail  gracefully  twisted  and  a  long  white  robe, 
they  ran  great  risk  of  perishing  from  hunger  and  thirst 
at  a  table  sjiread  with   every  imiiginary  delicacy. 

The  bazaars,  the  curiosity  shops,  and  the  studios  of 
the  native  artists  are  among  the  lions  of  Hong-Kong; 
but  the  .sing-songs,  which  might  be  mistaken  for  an 
Knglishisin.ortheatrical  representations,  which  are  given 
by  wealthy  ('hinese  inercliaiits,  cany  the  day.  The  stage 
is  a  great  platform  of  bamboos,  and  the  crowd  is  inces- 
santly un  the  move,  going  anil  coming,  for  the  repre- 
.sentation  begins  at  eight  in  the  morning  and  lasts  till 
eight  at  night,  without  a  place  remaiiiing  in  want 
ot  a  .spectator  Heroes  of  all  descri]ition,s,  genii, 
demon.s,  and  god.s,  have  their  turn  on  the  stage,  and 
engage  in  filniloiis  combat.s.  Nothing  can  surpass 
the  pantomime  of  the  Chinese  actors,  or  the  lii.xnry  of 
their  costumes.  They  are  glittering  with  silk  and 
gold.  Women  never  a]i])ear  on  the  stage  in  the 
Middle  Empire  ;  their  parts  are  taken  by  young 
Chinese.  But  the  voices  of  the  jierfiirmers  are  so  like 
shrieking,  and  the  music  is  so  noisy,  that  after  a  short 
time  Knropean  spectators  generally  have  (piite  enough 
of  it,  and  get  away  as  soon  as  manners  will  permit. 

Then  there  is  the  Happy  Valley,  where  the  turf  is 
rolled  every  day,  eiiuestrians  take  their  exercise,  and 
the  races  aie  held.  Tlu!  name  of  the  jilace  is  said, 
comically  enough  by  a  traveller  totally  ignorant  of  the 
Chinese  language,  to  have  leen  given  to  it  from  its 
being  situated  amid.st  burial  groiind.s,  and  a  I'arsee 
eemelerv  or  cliariiel  house,  where  bodies  are  burned. 
The  Chiiiesi'  eeiuet 'r^Hs  decorated  with  upright  stones, 


■'  The  tail  of  a  Chinainan  is  not  alittletuft  on  the  crow  ii  ofthe 
head,  hut  is  'nruieil  hy  hair  siitVered  tn  grow  luxuriantly  in  a  inass 
at  least  four  inelies  in  diiiiiieter.  The  hair  Is  smiHithed  down,  and 
the  tail,  plaited  from  it,  licgius  at  the  iia|ie  ofthe  neck,  and  hangs 
1m.'1ow  the  waist,  often  to  tlic  ankles,  and  laliourlu'^'  men  while  at 
work  generally  hiive  it  wrapped  round  the  head. 

♦  The  more  wealthy  iiulividuals  oltcii  coiivey  their  dead  a  con- 
sideralile  distaiiie,  and  employ  a  kind  of  fortiine-leUer,  whose  duty 
it  Is  to  find  out  the  most  appropriate  resting  place.  This  man 
goes  with  the  c  irpse  to  the  place  appointed,  and,  of  course,  pre- 
tends to  he  very  wise  In  the  si'lecti  in  of  the  spot,  as  well  as  In 
the  choice  of  the  soil  with  which  the  ashes  ot  the  dead  are  to 
iiiiiiglu  in  after  years  ;  ami,  u|kiii  trial,  should  the  earth  appear 
unsuitable,  he  Inimedlately  onlers  the  iir(x:esslon  off  to  another 
jilace  In  the  neighliourhoiHl,  where  he  cxjiccts  to  be  more  success- 
ful. "  I  lielieve,"  says  Mr.  Fori  une,  "  many  of  I  he  t'Uiiiesc  have 
this  |ioint  .settled  lielorf  they  ille  ;  for  one  day  wh.  n  one  nf  oi;- 
priuci|Mil  ft'.rrchants  went  to   call  on  old  11  iwi|ua   the  late  Hung 


CHINA.  COCHIN  CHINA.  AND  JAPAN. 


01 


planted  amid  rocks  and  pinos,  with  a  bencli  for  tlie  |  and  purple  flowers  of  tin-  ^m/cr.v<iwmja  nrc  us  ooiiiinon 
ghoNt  of  the  (Ifpartt'd  to  ri'st  upon  ofcasionallv,  and  ^  in  tlie  low  grounds  as  liawthorns  Mr  with  us.  The 
silver  and  tissue  i)a))er  seiittercd  about  to  ik'Leive  searlet  hi'uds  of  lil  join  of  the  lieautiful  Ijitiii  riiccineii 
nialignanl  spirits.  These,  teniiiled  liy  the  glitter,  and  arc  (lowering  in  )>icifusion  in  the  elefts  ot  the  rocks, 
tliinking  they  art  money,  sto|)  to  piek  them  up,  and  The  ravines  are  full  of  fern.s,  and  the  elegant  lilac  hell 
thu.s  give  time  to  the  gho.sts  tliat  are  out  for  an  airing,  '  (lowers  of  the  Chirota  niiieiistH  peep  out  \ind<r  the  ne>t 
to  get  back  into  their  graves.  The  ("hine.se,  who  are  j  rocks.  Up  in  the  mountains,  high  up  in  the  hill, 
sueh  adepts  in  cheating  r.uroj)eans,  fancy  that  they  can  '  valleys — (ifti'cu  hundred  feet  above  the  .sea — you  all 
even  deceive  the  bad  spirits.  |  kiu)w    the  azalea   and     its    girgeous  striking   beaiitv, 

The    Chinese  have,    it    is  well    known,    a    national  |  here  tliey  spring   wild  in   musses  of  dazzling    biight- 
idio.syncracy  forgetting  rid  of  a  red\in(hint  population.  ^  ness, with  myrtles,  dahlias,  wild  ro.se.s,  hoiu<ysiickles,  and 
The  Sisters  of  St.    I'.iul   have,  much  to  their   credit,     the   W//c/./<'  sinensis  hanging  its  flowering   branches  in 
founded  an  establishment  at   Hong-Kong  for  succour-    graceful  fa-hion  along  the  niuuntain  path, 
ing   children    unnaturally  abaniloned  by  their  panuits,  |       Everything  here  comes  from  tlu^   niainlund.  and  the 


aiul  they  bring  them  up  to  useful  occupations. 

If  the  future  traveller  wishes  to  diia^   as  we  did,   in 
Chinese  stylo,  there  are  no  want  of  restaurants.      He 


(yhine.se  Mandarins  tlieieby  hold  a  kind  of  power  over 
their  own  people;  but  one  of  them  in  the  late  war  having 
nds  used  it  thev  resisted  anil  drove  him  o(f  to  the  other 


may  there,  by    the   aid    of  chop-.sticks,  make  a   very  i  .shore.     Now   that  they  understand   them.selves  to  be 
satisfactory  rejiast  oft"  eggs  a  year  old,  preserved  in  clay,  !  subjects   of    t^ueen    Victoria,    they    go    on    very   dif- 
ferently;   indeed,  your  Chinaman    is    never  .so  great 


snarks'  tins  and  ra<lishes,  jiared  and  boiled  into  a.  thick 
souji,  h4che  de  mcr,  or  sea  sings,  shrimps  made  tip  into 
a  ])aste  with  ,sea-chesnuta,  bamboo  roots,  and  garlic, 
rendered  ))i(iuant  by  the  addition  of  soy  and  sundry 
other  pickles  and  condiments,  and  washed  down  with 
waiin  samshu  in  minute 
all  on  the  smallest  pos>il) 


as  when  following  an  e.\ain|ile,-  Give  him  the  best 
model  and  he  will  imitate  it<'.\actly  ;  show  him  roguery 
ami  c\iiniiiig  and  he  will  beat  you  at  the  game. 
Industrial  arts  and  mechanical  science  are  what  are 
U|is.  I)islies  and  ])lales  are  ]  wanted  in  China.  The  men  who  have  heretofore  vi.sit- 
scale,  and   pieces  of  s(piare     ed  them  have  not  been  of  a  character  to  teach  any  ]ieopl(,' 


lirdwn  paper  (nuide  of  silk,  an  article  not  used  for  that  i  much  that    is  good.      They  liave  bought,  ami  s(dd,   and 
purpose  in  England)  -erve  the  purpose  of  napkins.'         j  smugjtled,  ami  tliey  have  clie:ite<l,  and  lied  and  bullied, 
A  walk   in   Hong  Kong  soon  shows  you  why  China  ,  mulually.    It  is  time  that  both  parties  came  to  a  better 
is  called  the  Central  Flowery  Land.     The  i-ed,  white,  ,  umlerstanding. 


iiiiTcli'iit  lit  t'lniton,  a  tniy  w:is  liruaglit  iiiti)  the  n«ini  with 
scvcnil  kinds  (if  eiutli  up(in  it,  whicli  tlie  olil  uiun  ixmniiieil  with 
uMuiit  care,  and  then  flxed  oa  tliu  one  ia  wliich  la'  wished  to  be 
l.inied," 

'  It  is  certain,  hiiwi'ver,  tli:it  a  real  Chinese  dinner  wnidd  lie 
very  odil  in  the  eyes  of  ii  striiiijier,  espeeiully  if  he  was  one  of  tlmse 
who  think,  iis  some  ]iio|ile  ihi,  lliat  there  is  only  one  way  oi  living 
I'll  licjiin  dinner  with  lln'  di^seit  iimi  end  it  with  the  soup;  t" 
clrink  the  wine  snioKiod  hot  out  of  the  little  ehiii;.  eups ;  uiui  to 
liave  your  food  lin)..|^hl  |p  you  ready  cut  up  into  small  [lieees,  and 
presented  with  a  eiin|ile  ol  sticks  instead  of  a  knife  ami  loik  to 
lat  it  with  ;  to  have,  instead  ol'  naiikins,  a  provision  of  lillle  l.ils 
ni' coloured  silk  paper  hy  the  side  of  your  jilate,  whieh,  as  you  use, 
the  attendants  carry  oil';  to  leave  your  places  bel«i  en  the  courses 
lo  smoke  or  amuse  youisilf;  and  to  raise  y(Mirehop-stiek'<  liorizon- 
tally  upon  vour  eup  tosijfuii'y  th.it  you  have  tiuished  jour  dinner. 
.\11  these  things  Honlil,  douhtle-s,  seem  very  odd.  and  create  the 
curiosity  of  Kuropcins.  The  t'liiuese,  on  the  other  liand,  ca;i 
never  get  over  thiir  surprise  at  our  nay  of  dining.  They  ask 
how  one  ran  like  to  drink  cold  fluids,  and  what  can  have  jnit  it 
into  our  heads  to  use  a  trident  to  c.irry  food  to  our  mouths  at  the 
risk  of  pricking  our  lips  or  pint  ini;  our  eyes  out.  They  think  it  very 
droll  to  see  nuts  put  on  the  talile  ill  their  shells,  and  ask  why  our 
servants  euiinot  take  the  trouble  to  peel  the  fruit,  and  take  the 
liiines  out  of  the  meat.  Tiny  are  tlieui.selves  certainly  not  very 
dillii'ult  in  the  nature  of  their  food,  and  like  such  things  as  friid 
silk-W'orma  and  preserved  lurvu',  but  they  cannot  understand  the 
predilection  of  our  epicures  for  high  game,  or  for  cheese  that 
seems  to  belong  to  the  cla.ss  of  uniumted  lieiugs. 

One  day  at  Macao,  we  had  the  hoimur  to  Iw  seated  at  thedinmr 
lahleof  a  representative  of  a  Kuro|>i'an  power,  when  a  inagniticent 
dish  of  snipes  was  brought  in  lial  what  a  disappointment !  The 
Chinese  Vatel  had  taken  out  the  entrails  of  tliis  incomparable 
bird.  !!e  knew  not  what  a  perfume  and  suvoory  treasure 
the  snipe  liolds  ill  the  stomach.  'Ihe  ciMik  was  forced  to  ap)ieMr 
liefore  the  arbiters  of  taste,  who  received  bini  with  wnithful  lo  ks. 
and  the  delin<|ueiit  was  struck  with  eonsteniali  m,  on  hcariii'.' 
that  he  had  committed  a  culinary  crime,  too  heavy  to  be  a  seismd 
time  ))iirdi>ned.  Hoping  to  make  amends,  the  uufortnimte  cook, 
a  few  days  afterwards,  look  care  to  serve  up,  in  all  their  integrity, 
some  birds  that  were  not  snipes,  and  theieupon  a  new  storm  of 
wrath  fell  on  the  devoted  head  of  the  piKir  Chinese,  and  was 
followed  by  his  dismissal,  in  a  state  of  utter  de8])air,  that  he 
should  never  )io  able  to  exercise  his  art  in  a  inuntier  conformable 
to  the  astonndingly  cnpr  clous  tastes  of  Kurupeans. 


II.— MACAO, 

We  leave  Hong-Kong  as  ipiickly  as  ;i.  V  man 
shoulil  do,  who  has  no  business  to  Icep  him 
tliei'i-,  anil  taking  the  steamer  it  pleasant  \iyage  ot 
thirty  miles,  the  last  four  of  which  is  through  sluillow 
Wiitef,  arrive  at  the  I'l'iiya  Ciaiide,  the  i  elelifjited  jiiome- 
nade  and  landing  place  (.seep.  y7j,tii  the  i|iiiiiiit  old  settle- 
ment of  the  early  I'ortugitese  kings.  M;iiao.  This  voy- 
age, short  ius  it  i.s,  iind  through  a  narrow  sea,  :is  crowded 
as  the  Thames,  was  not  until  the  present  year  secure 
from  disorderly,  roving  bands  of  Cliine.se  .seame'i  and 
boatmen,  who  organise  them.selves  into  fleets  as  pirates, 
iiiid  way-lay  vessels,  not  even  exce])ting  the  passage 
steam- boiits,  one  of  which.  •■The  yueen,"ii  will  be  leii.em- 
bered  that  they  captured,  and  murdered  all  the  foreign 
piLssengers.'* 


*  There  are  fevs-  things  your  Chinaman  cannot  do  ns  well  as  an 
Knu'lisluncn  or  a  Yankee.  For  several  years  many  Chinese  have 
bieii  empluyed  in  steam  boats  as  deputy  engineers  and  stokers, 
their  skill,  sobriety  and  earefnhiess  areexemphiiy.  In  men-of-war 
steamers  the  empliiymcnt    of  them  ns  iiremcn  and  supei  muneriiry 

stokers,  whih iniiig  within  the  Tropics,  or  onllieiast  side  of  the 

CapcoftJiKHl  Ho|H>  would  be  desirahle.  They  iireu-nod  sailors  always, 
mid  in  the  last  war,  "  f he  Hamlioo  Kifle  '  or  "Coolie  frans|Hirt 
Service,"  deserved  mention  from  Lord  Klgiii.  .*s  ship  carpenters, 
it  would  Ik- difllcult  to  tind  better  winl-inen,  iUid  lately  some  who 
have  lH>en  employed  in  setling  np  iron  ^te  oner-,  s|  eedily  learnt  to 
perfection  the  art  of  rivettin^,  unili  r  the  giii. lance  of  a  clever 
eiiiriiuHT,  si'iit  out  hy  Messrs.  K.  St'pheiison  \  Co. 

'  We  were  not  lui-ky  enough  to  liave  a  brush  with  the  pirates 
ourselves  ;  but  Mr.  Kurt  tine  has  given  us  a  good  account  of  what 
befel  himself  on  bis  way  in  a  Chinese  junk  from  tlieKow  clioo-loo, 
by  the  mouth  of  the  .Mm  river  to  Chnsan.  "  Almiit  four  o'clock 
Ol  the  iiflerniion,  ami  when  we  were  some  fifty  or  sixty  miles  fnin 
the  Mill,  the  captain  and  pilot  came  hurriedly  down  to  my  Ciibia 
and  informed  me  that  the\  saw  a  nutnlier  of_;'«H-i/oi(s«right  ahead, 
lying  iu  wait  lor  ua.     1  ridiculed  the  idea,  u'al  told  theui  they 


i' 


f 


m 


- 


98 


ALL  ROUKD  TJliS  WORLD. 


PABODA  AT  WHAUPOA. 


The  first  tiling  a  European  landing  at  Macao  in 
olden  times  did,  was  to  go  and  see  the  Chinese  Pagoda  ' 
at  the  Rocka.    (See  page  96.)    lie  could  wend  his  way  ' 


there  and  lack  in  a  tanka,  or  native  boat,  or  he  could 
stroll  there  \>y  the  sea-side.  Now  we  can  visit  pasruliia 
of  far  mure  imposing  aspect  and  dimensions;  nay,  wo 


imagined  every  junk  they  siiw  to  be  n  pirate;  but  tliey  still  niiiin-  | 
taiiie<l  that  they  \ver«  so,  and  I  thoretore  considered  it  prndiiit  to 
lie  prepared  for  the  worst.  I  pot  out  of  bed,  ill  and  feverish  a.s  I 
wa.-i,  and  carefully  examined  my  lire-iirins,  iliarini:  the  nipples  of 
my  gun  and  pistols,  and  putting  on  fresli  caps.  I  also  rammed 
down  a  ball  upon  the  top  of  each  cliarL'e  of  snot  in  my  pini,  and 
put  a  pistol  in  side  |)<Kkil,  and  patieiitl;.  wailed  for  the  result. 
By  the  aid  of  a  small  jKukel  telesco])e,  I  coulil  see,  as  the  ninrest 
junk  approached,  that  her  deck  was  crowded  with  men.  I  then 
had  no  longer  any  doubts  n^gardiii^r  their  intentions.  The  pilot, 
an  intelligent  old  man,  now  came  up  to  nii',  unil  saiil  tliut  he 
thought  resistance  wxsof  no  use  ;  I  niiirlit  niana;.'e  to  beat  olVone 
)Ui)k,orcven  two,  but  that  I  li:i<l  no  chance  with  five  of  them 
Keing  at  that  time  in  no  moiul  to  take  advice,  or  to  he  dictated  to 
hy  any  one,  I  ordered  hon  oil'  to  liBik  alter  hii  own  duty.  1 
knew  perfectly  well  that  if  we  were  taken  by  the  ji  rates  I  had 
not  tlie  slightest  chauce  ut  esvai>e,  for  the  lirst  thing  tiny  would 


do  would  be  to  knock  me  on  the  head  and  throw  nie  ovcrlxiai'd,  is 
they  wiinid  deem  it  (laniierous  to  theinsi'lves  were  1  to  i;et  away 
At  the  same  time  1  inns'  conlcss  I  liad  little  hope  of  being  anlet.) 
beat  olV  such  a  number,  and  devoutly  wished  myself  .mywliere 
rather  than  where  1  was. 

"  'I'he  scene  around  me  was  a  strince  one.  The  captain,  pilot, 
and  one  or  twti  native  p;issenirers  were  taking  up  the  boards  of 
the  c.d)iiilloor  and  putting  their  money  and  oilier  v.iluahles  out 
of  siirht  amonu'st  the  ballast.  The  coninion  sailors,  too,  had  their 
copper  cash  or  l\iin  to  hide;  and  the  whole  phiee  was  in  a 
slate  nl  hustle  and  conl'iision.  When  all  their  more  valuable 
])ropcrty  was  hidden,  they  began  to  make  soire  prejnirations 
i'or  delenec.  Haskets  of  small  stones  were  brought  up  from 
the  bold,  and  emptied  out  on  the  most  convenient  parts  of 
the  deck,  and  were  inteiiihil  to  be  useil  instead  of  (ire-arms  when 
I  the  pirate  came  to  close  quarters.  'I'his  is  a  common  iiaHle  of 
'  defence  in  various  parts  ot  China,  and  is  elfcctual  enough  when  tlu 


CHIKA.  COCHIN  CIIIN^.  AND  JAPAN. 


HONS    IONS. 


even  nioet  one  ttiut  tlu'  yiu'itusscs  it  on  his  wny — 
till-  great  Paj^oda  "f  Siiiga])int'.  lint  if  tlie  tcinjilo  of 
Macao  is  jioor  iuul  liadly  kept,    its  iiositiou   is  highly 


enemy  liiis  only  similiir  wiapons  to  biinsr  n;.'ainst  tliwn;  but  on 
the  coast  of  Fo-kieii,  wliere  we  wore  ncnv,  all  tlie  pirate  junks 
carried  guns,  and,  conseijuently,  a  wliole  deck-load  of  stones 
could  be  of  very  little  use  ui,'ainst  tlieni. 

"  During  the  general  Imslle  I  missed  my  own  servant  for  o  short 
time.  Wlien  he  returned  to  uie,  ho  had  niaile  siieh  a  change  in 
his  a|ipcanincc  that  1  did  not  recognise  him.  lie  was  literally 
clothed  in  rags,  which  ho  had  burrowed  from  the  sailors,  all  of 
whom  had  also  pnt  on  their  worst  cloilus.  When  I  asked  him 
the  reason  of  this  chaige  in  the  oulward  man,  he  told  mo  the 
pirates  only  made  those  iirisoners  who  had  money,  and  were 
likely  to  i)ay  haiulsomely  for  their  ransom,  and  lliat  they  woidd 
net  think  it  worth  their  while  to  lay  hold  of  a  man  in  rags, 

"1  Hius  surrounded  by  several  of  the  crew,  who  niiglit  well  he 
called  '  I oh's  comforters,'  some  suggesting  one  thing  and  some 
another,  and  many  proposed  that  we  should  hrii! ;  the  jnnk 
Tunnd  and  run  back  to  the  Min.  The  nearest  pirate  was  now 
within  200  or  300  yards  of  us,  ami,  inii  t  ing  her  helm  down,  gave 
us  a  broadside  from  her  guns.  All  was  now  dismay  ami  con- 
sternation on  h  )ard  our  jinik,  as  every  man  ran  below  except 
two,  who  were  at  the  helm.  1  expceled  every  moment  tiiat  these 
also  would  leave  their  post ;  and  then  we  should  have  been  an 
easy  prey  to  the  pirates. 

"'  My  gun  is  nearer  you  than  those  of  the  /an-i/oHs,'  said  I  to 
the  two  men  ;  ' and  if  you  move  from  the  luhn,  de)ien<l  upim  it  I 
will  shoot  yon.'  The  p(M)r  fellows  looked  very  uncomfortable, 
but  1  suppose  thought  they  ha<l  better  stanil  the  tire  of  the  jiirates 
than  mine,  and  kc|)t  at  their  post ;  large  boards,  heaps  of  old 
clothes,  masts,  and  things  of  that  sort  which  were  at  hand,  were 
thrown  up  to  protect  us  from  the  shot ;  and  as  we  had  every 
Btitch  of  s»  '  set,  and  a  fiur  wind,   we  were  going  through    the 


picttiresquc.  The  inner  liainotn-,  with  its  legion  of 
junks  iinil  tanka.s,  lies  at  its  feet  ;  above  it  are  huge 
blocks  of  granite,   and   secular    trees,  wliose    vigorcnis 


water  at  the  rate  of  seven  or  eight  miles  an  hour.  The  shot  fnan 
the  iiirati's  fell  considerably  short  of  us,  and  I  was  thereliirc 
enabled  to  form  an  opinion  of  the  range  and  power  of  their  guns, 
which  was  of  .some  use  to  me. 

"  .\ssistanc>e  from  our  cowardly  crew  was  quite  out  of  the 
(|nestion;  for  there  was  not  a  man  amongst  them  brave  enough 
to  nsi!  the  stones  which  had  been  brought  on  deck,  and  which, 
perhaps,  miglit  have  been  of  son.e  little  use  when  the  pirates 
came  nc.irer.  The  fair  wind,  and  all  the  i)ress  of  sail  we  had 
crowded  on  the  jnnk,  proved  of  no  u^i; ;  for  our  pursuers,  who  hail 
much  tiister  sniling  vessels,  were  giiiniiig  rapidly  u)iiin  us.  Again 
the  nearest  jiirale  fu'Cil  upon  us.  I'hc  shot.  Ibis  time,  fell  just 
umlcr  I  nr  stern,  i  still  reuniincd  ipnet,  as  I  had  determined 
not  to  lire  a  simile  shot  imtil  I  was  ipiite  certain  my  gun  would 
take  ell'cct.  The  third  shot  whicli  followed  this  came  whizzing 
over  oar  heads  and  through  the  sails,  without,  however,  wounding 
either  the  nun  at  the  wheel,  or  myself. 

"The  pirates  now  seemed  ipiite  sure  of  their  prize,  and  came 
down  upon  us,  booting  and  yelling  like  demons,  at  the  same  time 
loading  their  gnus,  and  evidently  determined  not  to  spare  their 
shot.  This  was  a  mmnent  of  intense  anxiety.  The  plan  which  I 
had  formed  fioin  the  first  was  now  nbimt  to  he  put  to  the  proof; 
and  if  the  pirates  were  not  the  cowards  which  1  believed  them  to 
he,  nothing  could  save  us  from  falling  into  their  bauds.  Their 
fearlul  yells  seem  to  be  ringing  in  my  ears  even  now,  after  this 
lapse  of  time,  and  when  1  am  on  the  other  side  of  the  globe. 

"  The  nearest  jnnk  was  now  within  thirty  yards  of  ours;  their 
guns  were  now  hiaded  and  I  knew  that  the  next  discharge  would 
completely  rake  our  decks.  '  Now,*  said  I  to  our  helmsinan, 
'  Keep  your  eye  fixed  on  me,  and  the  moment  you  see  me  fall  flat 
on  the  (leek  you  must  do  the  same,  or  you  will  he  shot. '     I  knew 


pp 


1 


94 


ALL   RUUMD  TUK  WORLD. 


IMc)i«  liistcii  ill  thn  crrviros  ;  wlii'c  close  liy  iiri'  kinslcH 
ami  little  cinitories  in  limioiir  of  inrerior  <liviiiities. 
On  tliu  |iiii'tii'ii  is  a  ){i'eat  jiiiik  jiaiiitecl  in  reil,  and 
there  is  an  iiiseiijitiiiii  in  ( 'liiiiese  on  iIh'  neiglilioiirin^' 
I'oek. 

The  iiir  of  res|iec'tal)le  aiiti(|uity  ju'esented  liy  the  old 
Portngne.si'  fietllrinent  of  Macao  is  reficshinjj  after  the 
ptii'niiii  chiiruclrr  with  which  its  ostentations  iiiaynili 
ccMce  invests  llonjj-Koiig.  'I"he  naiicjw  streets  and 
^r.iss  j;iown  jilazas,  the  hanilsoine  facade  of  the  lint^  olil 
catheclral  ciiiinlilini;  to  decay,  the  shady  walks  aiicl  cool 
j.'rottoes,  once  the  haui:ts  ot  the  l'ortiij;iiese  Jioet,  his 
tiiiii),  anrl  the  view  ti'oiii  it,  all  coinliine  to  jirodiice  a 
soothiii;;  and  trani(nilisini.'  ellei  t. 

Hon^  Konjj  repieseiits  the  eoinniercial  and  iioliticiil 
iiiovement  of  the  present  ;  JMacao  is  the  city  of  calm 
a'lil  of  the  Jiast.  The  time  is  gone  hy  when  the  iiitre- 
piil  ['(a-tuynese  iiax  i;j;ators  domiiiateil  in  these  seas. 
T.ieir  de;,'eiiei'ate  descendants  are  now  reduced,  in  order 
to  olitain  a  liveliliood,  to  seek  for  ein|iloyiiient  in  thi' 
j;reat  Knglish  or  American  houses.  The  hrinht  day  for 
rortnj;al  is  jjone  hy,  and  tickle  fortune  rallies  under 
other  standards.  It  the  cohmy  passes  liy  i-haiice  into 
the  liunds  of  a  man  of  genius  like  Amaral,  he  is  as.sji.ssi- 
iiated  hy  the  eniis.sjiries  ol  the  nianilarins  ;  and  if  the 
Court  of  l.ishon.  lent  upon  avciijjiny  the  ontraue.  de- 
spatches its  he.st  t'ligale  to  the  Chinese  .seas,  it  is  Mown 
up  in  the  very  harhour  of  Macao  Ip\  a  icpioliate  who 
gluts  his  vengeful  fury  for  a  .-light  punishment  hy  the 
dcstru<'lion  of  3(1(1  of  1ms  couiilryinen  ! 

Ainarul,  a  captain  in  the  I'ortugue.se  iiavv,  hail  dis- 


l  hat  the  pirate,  wliit  \v:is  iH>\v  oil  ear  stern,  cnultl  iKit  lirin^  \iU 
L'liiis  to  l)i'nr  ti|»ii)'  lis  without  ]iut'ii)^  his  hi'hii  down  iind  brin^- 
hiir  liis  ^uiig"iiv  lit  ri^ht  iuil'Ic.s  with  our  sti'Mi,  iLs  liis  mins  wiTi' 
lircil  tnini  the  ^unjfHiiy.  I  Ihcieliire  kept  ii  shur|i  I'ye  upon  liis 
lii'iiiKiiiiin,  luiil  the  iiionii  III  I  siw  liiiii  putting'  the  hehii  ilnvvn  I 
onhTcd  our  stiiT-iiii  a  to  lull  Hut  iipon  their  (iut3  U'liiiid  .some 
wuikI,  and  at  the  sa'iie  luoiuent  did  so  niysi'lf.  We  iiiid  seareely 
done  so  when  I  an^',  Ii:iiil',  Wfiit  Iheir  ^niis,  iind  the  shot  eaaie 
whiz/in;;   ehw    our    im,  s)iliiiteriii^'  the    wmul  iiliout    un   in  ull 

direelioiis       Forlainii.  !y  mine  ol  us  were  struck.     '  Now,  M ; 

now  ihey  are  ipiile  <  ln.se  eiioii(.'li,'  eiied  out  my  eoiupunions,  who 
did  liOt  wish  to  liuve  anolher  hroiuUiile  like  the  hist.  I  beinjf  of 
the  diiine  rpinion,  raised  myself  abme  the  liij;h  stem  of  nor  Junk, 
and  while  the  iiii-ites  wire  not  more  than  twenty  yards  Iroai  us,  ' 
liiKitiuj;  and  yeilintr.  I  raked  their  iheks,  fore  and  alY,  with  shot 
and  hall  friin  n  y  doulile-lmrelleil  (.'iin. 

"  Had  a  thunderliolt  laden  amon^'st  tlieni  they  oould  not  have 
liien  lauch  more  surprisi'd;  duuhtless  many  were  wouiiiled,  and 
jjroliably  some  killed. 

"At  all  events,  the  whole  of  the  crew,  mil  fewir  than  forty  or 
lifty  men,  who  a  moment  helorecrnwded  the  deck,  disa]ijH>ared  in 
a  marvellous  inaniicr        Aiioilur  was  now  U-ariii);  down  n|i<iii  us 
as  holilly  as  his  com|Naiiun  liiul  done,  and  eomnieneed  liiiiij;  in  the 
same  manner.     Having-  been  so  suecesstHil  w  ith  the  lirst,  1  deter-  I 
mined  to  fViltow  the  same  plan  with  this  one,  and  to  ]iay  no  atten-  | 
lion  to  bis  tiring  until  he  should  come  to  close  ({uarters.     The  plot  I 
now  began  to  tbickrn;   for  tlie  lirst  junk  bad  gathered  way  again,  ] 
and  was  following  in  onr  wake,  althciii;;h   keipiiig  iil  a  respectful  ' 
distiinei",  and  three  others,  although  still  further  distant,  were 
making  lor  the  scene  of  action   as  fast    as   they  could.       In  the 
nu'iiiitinie,  llie  second  wis  almost  alongside,  ami  eoiitinued  raking 
our  decks  in  a  steady  manner  with  their  guns.       Watching  their 
helm  us  before,  we  sheltered  ourselves  as  well  as  we  eouhl ;  at  the 
same  time,  my  two  fellows,  who  were  steering,  kept  begging  and 
prnying  that   i  would  lire   into  our  pursuers  as   soon  as  possibh', 
er  we  slionld  he  all  killed.      As  coon  as  they  came  within  twenty 
or  thirty  yards  ul'  us,  I  gave  tlieiii  the  contents   of  both  barrels, 
raking  their  decks  as  iHl'ore.      This  lime  t!ie  helmsman  fell,  and 
douMless  several  others  were   wounded.       in  u  minute  or  two,   1 
eouhl  see  nothing   but  beards  and  shields  wliicb  were  liehl  up  by 
the  iiinites  to  protect  themselves  from  my  tiring;   their  junk  went 
up  into  the  wind  lor  want  uta  helmsnmn,  and  was  suon  left  soine 
distance  iM'biud  un.** 


I  played  so  much  energy  and  ahility  as  rjovenior  of  Macao 
as  to  have  dniwn   upon   hiniHilf  the  most   malevolent 
feelings  of  a  rejirohate  race  of  people  »,a\  mandarins, 
lie  had  defeateil  orgaiii/ed  hands  of  rolihers  on  .severul 
oeeasioiis,  and  visited  piracy  with  condign  punishment, 
A  price  had  in  eon.sei|Uence  heeii  .set  upon  his  head  ;  hut 
the  lii'ave  old  captain,  who  had  lost  one  arm  in  the  ser 
vice  of  his  country,  disdained  to  take  any  precaiition.s, 
Kvery  evening  he  used  to  ride  out,  acinuipanicd  only  hy 
his  aidu-de-eamp,  and  with  only  a  hrace  of  ]iistiils  in  his 
holsters.      On  the  l':.'nd  of  August,  1811),  he  was  retu:ii 
inj^  from   his  usual   ride  at  sunset,  whi'ii  ii  nuinher  oj 
< 'hiliese  suddenly  presented  themselves  to  olistruct    his 
progress       A    einld.  who  eariieil  a   I  ami  oo,  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  \\hich  It  a;  jieand  as  it   a  boiiipii  t   had  heen 
attached,  moved  oiil  from  the  crowd  towards  the  (iover 
nor.      Amaral,   thinkinj^   tint    he   cmue    to   pri  sent   a 
|elitioii,  wasalioul  lo  Btuup^wheii  he  telt  himself  struck 
violently   on  the  (iice.     "  Mmilu"  liu-cal  !  he  exclaimed, 
and  jiushed  his  horse  oil  as  if  to  punish  liis  assailant. 
r>ut   at  the  .same  moineiit  si.\  men  rushed  upon  him, 
whilst    two    others    attacked    his    aide  de-camp.      The 
assassins  drew  from  heiii'ath  their  garments  their  long, 
straight,  and  not  wry  sharp  swords,  generally  ii.sed  liy 
the   Chinese,  ami   lepeati'dly  struck   the  governor  with 
these  upon  his  only  arm.     Taking  the  luidlc  in  his  teeth, 
Aimiral  made  vain  etforts  toget  al  his  pi.-tols.     .\Uaeked 
(III    all    siiles   and    eovi'ied    with    wounds.  I  e    was   soon 
struck  down  lioin  his  horse,  when  his  muideieis,  throw- 
ing themselves  ii|ioti  him,  tore  otf  Ins  head  lather  than 
cut    it    oil'  and   added   to  their    horrid   liophy  the  only 
hand  that  reiuained.      This  accomplished,  they  lied  into 
the  interior;  the  Chinese  .soldiers,  who  were  on  duty  at 
the  town  gati's   dose  liy,  witnessing  the   tragedy,  with- 
out comie.scending  to  interfere.       In  the  meantime  the 
terrilied   horse    had   galloped    into   the   to»  n  without  ii 
muster  ;  the  tiist  who  saw  it  felt  that  an  accident  had 
happened  and  hastened  towards  the  gate,  hut   on  their 
Way  they  were  met  hy  the  aide-de  ealii|i.  who  had  only 
received  some  blight  wounds,  and  \\  hose  torn  haliiliments 
and    e.xjiression    ol    horror    told   too   plainly  of  the  sad 
event,   which    was  soon  eontiiliud   hy   the  discovery  of 
the  unfortunate  old  (ii  viriior's  miitilaled  remains. 

1'hc  neighlii.urhood  of  Hong  Kong  takes  from  Macao 
almost  all  its  advanlagcs  as  a  free  port  ;  add  to  vshich, 
the  sea  is  daily  invading  its  haihour,  as  it  does  the 
wluile  of  the  right  shore  of  the  Canton  river.  Vessels 
of  coiisidi'ialile  tonmige  are  ohliged  to  anchor  ii  luile 
or  tw'.i  i'rom  the  harhonr.  and  only  small  gunboats  can 
lay  otl' the  quay  of  I'raya-Ciraiide, 

Nevertheless,  Macao,  notwithstanding  its  decline,  is 
not  wanting  in  elaiuisto  interest  —  the  claims  of  meinory 
more  especially.  This  town  was,  tiir  a  long  Jierioil  of 
time,  the  sole  ceiitn?  ot  the  relations  of  Kiiropeans 
withtheChiiie.se.  Caiuoens,  Niint  Francois  Xavier, 
and  other  great  men,  have  lived  there.  Its  churches, 
its  convents,  its  piihlic  monumeiit.s,  dark  with  age, 
att<'st  of  splendour  long  gone  hy. 

The  garden  of  Caiuoens  is  in  the  ;  le.senl  day  private 
]iroperty  ;  it  helongs  to  a  rortiiguesi.  gei.tlenian  of  the 
name  of  Marc|Ue.s,  who  allows  strange  s  to  saunter  he 
noath  shady  recesses  so  lare  in  China.  Within  this 
garden  is  the  celehmitcd  grotto  where  the  jioet  is  said 
ti)  have  in  main  part  composed  his  "  l.usiad.  '  Quota- 
tions from  that  immortal  epic  are  now  cut  into  the 
luarhle,  and  what  is  more  delightful  to  Kreiich  visitors, 
some  Ciallic  verses  in  honour  of  the  poet  and  the 
locality.     The  inner  jwrt  can  be  contemplated  from  a 


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awwwfi.» 


CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA,  AND  JAPAN 


99 


♦i-rmro  in  tliin  jiiinli-ii  iis  from  tlip  Pnncid  ■. of  Tlorks,  liut  I  tliomsrlvos  ■wilii  any  poriniuiPiit,  ongagementu  witli  the 

ntlior  Rt'x,  Imt  live  sololy  in  iin'l  with  tiu-ir  Imats, 
slicltcrcil  frniii  tlip  luiiiiiiii;  lic'iits  (if  till- sun  jukI  tim 
seven. ii's  (if  winter  iilikc  1(V  llie  eircnl:ir  ruiif  (if  bum 
li(it>  «()  f,>rM|iiii(  !illy  (le|iicleil  lie;i'.  A  few  nmveiilili! 
Iioiirils  Oliver  in  the  (lnytiine  the  licii  (in  whicli  they 
repdse ;  tlie  (ire  ihwtin(Ml  tn  endk  llieir  frni;:il  re|iii.st. 
s|i:irklos  wi-M-  the  ]>(iii|i;  <;n  'iy  sealeil  im  the  mat  nf 
rattan,  and  with  tho  (|iiict      (Hct  nf u  )irif(ici<ius  man- 


wit  li  a  less  ii|i|ire.ssi\e  iKiise,  tiie  slmutsiif  t  'lo  tankaderes, 
(irhdiitmen  andhoatwumen.anii  Icrrilile  fjunj,''*,  lieard  sd 
11  .^idiKMisiy  lieateii  to  drive  away  the  evil  spirits  fnim 
a  Junk  al«uil  to  |ir;>ceed  (in  its  jdurney,  eomo  hero 
sdftened  hy  distance. 

'J'he  I'arsces  have  a  cemetery  th  it  rises  in  successive 
steps  (ir  terraces  a'loxt^  the  sea;  au'!  lliis.  with  the  little 
l'drlii;;uese  fdi'ts,  liuilt    like   ea;;les'   nests,  the  Sdcalled 


(iieen  Island,  the  nar' (iw  strip  that  encircles  .Macao  to  liood,  the  cupper  coloiireil  ni'cliins  w,nt  tn  siU'me  fdr 
the  main  island,  and  the  wide  extent  of  the  (Jelestial  the  anticipttvd  jihiti^  (if  rice,  whilst  the  prdtectin;; 
Umpire  lieycnd,  fill  up  a  picture  that  is  not  eiusily  f^cnii,  secreted  in  a  more  oliscure  iiirner,  art  not  fur- 
fiirj^dtten  liy  thdso  who  liavi!  iiuee  seen  it.  jjdtlen,  hut   have   their  daily  allowance,  the  incense  of 

We  wandered  aliiiut  this  splendid  relic  of  >»aietv  and     sticks,  and  perfume  of  sam  chu. 
'vealtli,  UdW  a  di.sjdinteil  Cdllecticn  df  deserted   palaces,  'Plieso  tankis   p..-iitivcly  swarm  in  the  waters  (^t  the 

ha^Ij^ard  liiiat  women,  unly  dames  if  I 'ortu^ucse  descent,  miich-friMpientcd  h  irlidurs  df  llon^  Kdiif;  and  Mac.id. 
\\  it  h  handkerchiefs  pinned  dver  the!"' faces,  lonij  narrow  .Audit  is  nut  aii  easy  maiter  for  a  stranj;er  to  know 
alley.s.  decaying  churches,  walks.  ■  -.nL's,  j^ardens,  forts, 
all  ciirroded  hy  time.  Kimiu  the  topiifa  ijre.at  stdue 
arlidur.  in  the  did  palace  ;,Mrd(Mi,  we  had  a  tine  view  df 
the  did  town  and  hoth  hari.  nil's,  the  inner  and  the 
outer.  \V('  eaim^  hack  t'"diii;li  the  Chinese  tnwii, 
where,  with  restless  activi*  ■,  mechanics  were  wurkiii.; 
at  their  respective  trades  I'hdpmeii  were  dniliL;  a 
thriving  Imsiness,  while  harliers  never  Were  Imsier — ■ 
and  ydiir  liarher  is  an  important  pei"son.ii;e  here,  as 
elsewhere,  as  such  a  mall  needs  inii.st  lie  where  every 
man  has  his  lie.id  shaved  twice  a  week.  No  Chinaman 
ii.ses  anvthini;  hut  hot  w.iter;   his  razor  isoiilvtwo  iiiches 


liiiw  to  select  one;  for  if  tin;  toutevs  aid  lioatmrn  ol 
Iv.irope  are  sduietinie...  nuisy  and  impdrluiiate,  the 
gipsy  lioat  women  of  C'lina  are  a  thousand  times  more 
.Sd.  And  i''  any  hesitatidii  is  inanifesied.  they  will 
c.irry  the  hippy  party  dif  hodily  to  the  shelter  df  their 
liamlioo  and  rattan  canopy.  Hut  neillier  iankas  nor 
tiinkaderes  are  met  with  in  the  north  of  China:  they 
helong  especially  to  the  river  of  Caiitdii.'  The  son  f^i 
a  tankadere  cannot  hecome  a  inanlaiin  ;  if,  disguising 
his  (irigiii,  oik;  kiicIi  slioiild  succeed  in  pa.ssing  his 
examinations,  and  ohtain  the  Miie  glolmle,  and  then 
his  origin    should    he   discovered,    lie   would   he  ininie 


long,  liy  an  inch  wide,  which  is  sold  for  twopi'iuc.   and     diately  degraded. 

the  strop   a    piece  of  sto'.ii   cilleo,    niav    tie    liiid    tiir  .- 

penny.      See  icre  tin-   .h.iIIow   Chiii.;Man.    stretched    a' 

full  lergtli  ill  ail  ea.sy  chair,  is  eiij  lyiiig  his  shanipooiiig 

and    pomnielliii/s.       Shaving    the    head   costs     half    a 

tarthing,  yet    tin  i-   are  seven  thousand   harhers  in   the 

city  of  Canton   only.      To  which    city  wi?  will  now   go, 

:>toaining  on  as  fast  a-s  the  crowd  of  hoats  will  let  u.s. 


111.  — UP  TIIK  CANTON  HTVKIt. 

The  tankas  (wv  ]>.  8S)),  or  wherries  of  the  Canton 
river,  constitute  one  of  the  cascntial  teatures  of  its 
water.s.  It  is  well  known  what  a  variety,  what  a 
niimher,  and  what  goigcoiisne.ss  of  display  every  great 
Chinese  river,  canal,  or  jm' t,  ,  xhiiiits  in  its  junks  and 
lioats  of  various  descriptiiais.  Yet  do  none  of  these 
strike  the  stranger  more  fi  rcildy  than  do  at  tirst  the 
humhle  tanka,  and  its  still  more  hiimlile  ami  indus- 
trious yi^t  lively  occiip.ints — the  ''J ii/fiiit>i;i  hut,  /ii'ri.i," 
or  "happy  lioatwoineii,"  as  a  Frenchuian  c.ills  t'lein. 
The  tanka  is  a  Hliiall  Imat,  almost  as  wide  a.s  long,  and 
dill'eriiig  therein  much  froiii  the  sharp  and  iian'ow 
c.inoes  of  the  .Malays.  The  crew  generally  consists  of 
an  elderly  woman,  who  sits  or  stands  at  the  stern, 
rotating  with  a  vigorous  and  experienec(l  arm  the  long 
oar  wliicli  is  the  great  pi'o|ieller  of  .''i  hoats  in  the 
Celestial  Kinpire.  There  is  also  a  vcunger  woman, 
who,  seated  at  the  hows.  swt>eps  th,  waters  far  more 
lightly,  and  with  less  eirect,  with  liie  Mat  of  her  oar. 
Not  unl'ii'ipienlly  one  or  two  urchins,  as  represented 
in  our  illustration  '»<•>•  p.  8lt),  help  to  give  animation 
to  this  hoat  scene.  Hut  where,  wi-  might  ask,  are  the 
father  and  graiidfather.  for  the  urchins  an-   nianifestlv 


TheshajH!  of  the  lioats  tell  of  the  diH'ercnt  distlicis 
from  which  tlie\  come;  thus,  from  Kiaiigsoo,  wlieic 
there  is  little  hut  water  travelling,  as  in  llollaiid  of  old 
the  hoats,  which  pass  through  a  net  work  of  large 
eaniil.s, are  roomy  and  wide,  atl'ording  i  v<  ry  convenience, 
a<  if  you  were  in  a  house.  In  Cln  h  Kiaiig,  where  are 
the  coal  iiiiiies,  the  hoats  are  narrow  and  tiat  sided,  as 
in  Stalli'i-dshire,  to  push  easily  thinngli  ilie  narrow 
slui(MS  ;  in  Fo  kieu  they  have  mat  .suls  and  an  iinnieiise 
plank  out  at  the  stern,  which  nets  as  a  rudder  to  a>si>t 
the  hclmsinau  in  working  his  lioat  (piiikly  through  the 
rapids;  and  the  Kwaiisi  hoats  liaM'  long  .iiid  Hat  hows 
at  an  angle  of  ^'>  degrees  fnmi  the  f'oor,  that  the  hoats 
may  not  rush  under  the  water  in  ra|iiilly  passing  down 
the  sluict^s. 

A  child  overhoard  !  Ohserve  the  huhhuli  Thelittle 
amphihious  yellow  thing  has  a  gduid  attached  to  it  as 
a  lite  prc'server  ;  it  is  (piitesali';  see  the  mother  has 
pickeil  it  up  and  hushes  it  on  her  liosom  Are  these 
ihi^  people  with  whom  infanticide  is  universal  (  There 
must  he  some  mistake  Yet  that  horiililc  story  ofthe 
Tower  near  Shaiigh.ii  !  Let  us  give  the  (,'hinese 
women,  poor  illiised  rreatiires.  the  hcnelit  of  the 
doulit.  They  do  .sell  their  children,  weknow:  perhaps 
they  may  not  ih'str.iy  them  Tiiere  goes  ,i  \oiing  girl, 
twelve  years  old,  with  full  charge  ol  the  hoai.  sculling 
.iv.'ay  with  tlii^  large  ])oised  .scull,  and  thing  ii'iont 
through  crowds  of  hoat.s,  and  hark  to  her  little  sharp 
tongue:  as  saucy  as  a  London  caliman  ii;  a  crowde'l 
thidiiglitiire  during  a  stoppage. 

'  Here,  t(K>,  Mc  tirst  see  tlir  I.i»r,li:i  (tli**";ili"  is  jiriinniiih'cH 
:is  "iir"  ill  /i/rcAcr)  ii  iiuiiie  iii.iit'  mi  IhiiMliar  hi  I'Miliiiiiii'iilan 
ilcliiitcs  It  Ik  iiiitliiii);  inure  tliiiii  a  Jnnli  sliclitly  iiii|ir"Vi(l. 
I'liev  lire  owned   iiiilillrri-iitlv  liy  Cliincse  or  t'.irri^iicrH.  iiiul  liuve 


the  children  of  the  jiii.ior  tankadere  —  prohahlv  engaged  s^iilinu  li'ltern  mcimliiiirly.  Tlioiv  ncvur  wcmM  liavi' Ipicii  ii  din 
on  hcird  some  larger  iuiik,  whilst  the  woimm  nlv  the  1""'' ■»'«>'"  •'";  "  Arr...v,-  U.»\  ihcrc  li,.,i,  mi  interiirctci  prewiit 
-  -  -  *  -  -     •  I'lit  till'-"   iiiucli   these   u^t'liu   |i(>i'niiiis  lire  wiintiiif;  c 

were  7",' KM 


i     > 


1  ,,  1  1  ■    1  .r    .    ^1         ""'  ''"'■"   ""'I'll   tlicsc   ii^eliil   iicimiiis  lire  wiintiiiL' (1(11   1m'  iiidacil 

wherry.      home,   however,  hl.ltth.t   the     ,roin  tl.c  (act   timt    at  unc   mli..  i„  Sii,.M,,.in.  tli. 


more    l.umlili     ..„,.., , , ,, Ironi  tlic  l.ict   tImt    ut  unc   I in  Siiiit;i|iiir 

tttuliiiaerefc  are  a  kind  ot   gyi«iies,  ftud  do  not  trouble     t'liiiiMo,  and  no  wmj  ilmt  omld  amliT^tand  tlic 


100 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


!     i 


li 


Olio  of  the  most  strikiiii;  siylits  mi  (lie  Canton  river 
is  till'  iiiinnii.r  minilur  ot  ImuiIs  «liiili  art'  nioori'il  nil 
iiloni;  llif  slidii'.  near  tlii'  tnvi'ii,'n  taitury.  Tin  ro  arc 
liH(i(tntl.<  t^f'  1/(1  11.1(111(1.1  ot  nil  kinds  anil  size,  tioin  the 
splriiiliil  tliiwir  lioat,  as  it  is  lalli'il.  ilnwn  to  tin-  small 
liarlnTs  limit,  liirniini,'  a  lari;i'  lloatiin;  I'ity,  jirnpli'd  tiy 
an  iiiinicnsf  miinlur  nt'luiniaii  ln'inns.  In  sailiiiiinp  llic 
riviTVou  iiiav  olisirve  H  very  small  Imat,  ]irrlia|is  tlu' 
siiialli'st  yon  fvir  saw  cxposi'il  on  tin-  wad'r.  lioini; 
nolliiiij;niorr  than  u  li\v])lanks  fasti  mil  tosji'ilirr.  Tliisis 
llu'  liarlipr'slioat.  who  isi;oingaliiint,or rathi'rswinimiiijj 
ahont,  foUowinj;  his  daily  avocation  of  shavini;  tho 
Ill-ads  and  ticklinj;  the  oavsand  cms  of  Chinamen.  I'.y 
llic  liy.  this  same  harlicr  lias  niiicli  to  answer  for:  f'l- 
hisjiraetioe  has  a  most  ]iieiiidiiial  etl'eet  upon  the  eyes 
and  ears  of  his  eoimtrynuii.  He,  however,  works  his 
little  hoat  with  i;reat  dexterity,  anil  with  his  senll 
mMna;;e.s  to  ]iio|iel  himself  with  oare  and  swiltness 
through  the  lloating  eity  of  Imats,  larger  and  more 
powerful  than  his  own.  Then  you  see  ho.its  of  \  arions 
sizes,  sueh  as  those  at  Maeao  and  ]Ioiig  Kong,  eovored 
o\  er,  divided  into  three  eoniparlinents.  and  ke]it  re- 
markably oleaii  and  neat.  These  are  hired  hy  either 
natives  or  tiireignei-s  tor  the  jiuqic'se  ol' going  olfto  the 
l.irge  junks  or  other  vessels  nmored  out  in  the  river,  or 
for  short  exetirsioiis  to  the  island  of  Jloiian,  the  Ka-Tee 
(iardens,  or  .sueh  places.  The  centre  division  of  the 
lioat  forms  a  very  ne.it  little  room,  having  windows  in 
the  sides,  ornamented  with  jiictures  and  tlowers  of 
x.irions  kinds.  The  compartment  at  the  how  is  occti- 
pieil  liy  the  rowers,  an  1  that  at  the  stern  is  used  for 
preparing  the  food  of'  the  family  for  whom  the  boat 
lielongs. 

The  lioats  ot'  the  llmig  merchants  and  the  large 
llower-hnats  jire  very  splendid.  'I'liey  are  arranged  in 
ci'iiipartiiients  like  the  others,  hut  ai'e  Iniilt  in  a  more 
superli  and  costly  manner.  The  reader  mii>t  iiii.ii.'iiie 
a  kind  of  wonden  house  raised  upon  the  (lour  nt'  the 
lioat,  having  the  eiitraiice  near  the  bows,  space  luing 
let't  theie  for  the  boatmen  to  stand  and  r"W.  This 
entrance  Leiiig  the  front,  is  carved  in  ii  most  superb 
stvle,  formiiii;  a  prelude  to  wh.it  may  be  .seen  within. 
Numerous  lanterns  hang  from  the  roof  of  those  splendid 
showy  cabins;  looking-glasses,  pii  tures,  and  jioetiy 
adorn  their  sides  ;  and  all  the  peculiarities  of  this  sin- 
LTular  ]ieople  are  exposed  to  our  \  iew  in  tlie>e  their 
ll  p.iting  palaces. 

Then  there  are  the  chop  boats,  which  are  ii>ed  by  the 
merchants  tor  con\  eying  goods  tothe  vessels  at  W'liani- 
poa, — the  jias.sage  boats  to  Hong  kun:;,  .Macao,  and 
various  parts  of  the  country  ;  the  M.indaiin  bnils, 
with  their  numerous  oars,  which  lia\e  a  strange  appear 
aiice  as  they  pass  up  and  down  the  ii\er;  and  la>lly.  the 
large  iinwieldly  sea  going  Junks.  'I'liiii  are  \aiinns 
moditications  of  all  these  kind  of  boats,  each  iidapled  fbr 
the  jiarticul.ir  piiipose  fir  which  it  is  designed.  At 
festival  times,  therivi  rliasa  sin;.'ularly  gayaiid  strikini: 
appeariiice  pirtinilarly  ,it  iiii.'lit,  when  the  laiilerns 
are  lighled.  and  n  imlpeili'-.s  boats,  g.tily  decorated  with 
them,  move  up  ami  down  in  front  of  the  tiiclory.  The 
ell'ect  proiliieed  upon  a  stranger  at  these  times,  bv  the 
wild  and  occasion. illy  plaiiiti\  e  strains  of  Chine.-~e  music, 
the  noi.sy  gniii;,  the  chwe  and  sultry  air.  the  strain;!' 
people  t'llll  of  pee  iliarilies  and  conceit,  is  such  that 
lie  call  iie\er  fnrget,  and  leaves  upon  his  mind  .i  mixed 
impression  of  pleasure,  pity,  ndiniratioii,  and  oonleinpt. 
Throughout  the  whole  of  this  immense  tloating  city, 
tlio  greatest   regularitv   iirevuils.     The  large   boats  are 


I  arranged  in  rows,  forming  streets,  through  which  tlio 
smaller  craft  ]ia.ss  and  re|iass,  like  coaches  iind  other 
M'hicles  ill  a  large  town.  '11, e  taiiiilies  who  li\ein 
this  iiiaimer  seem  to  have  ii  great  jiartiality  for  tlowers, 
which  the-  keep  in  jiots,  either  upon  the  high  stern  o/ 
their  boats,  or  in  their  little  parlours.  The  Chinese 
.\rbor  vitn',  tSarilenia.s,  Cycas  revoluta,  cockscombs, 
and  oranges,  seeiii  to  be  the  greatest  favourites  with 
till  111.  A  joss  house — small  indei  d  in  iniiiiy  caMs,  but 
yet  n  )ilace  of  worship — is  indis)  cii.-able  to  idl  these 
lloatiiig  iiousis.  There  tho  joss-stii  k  and  the  oil  arc 
daily  burned,  and  form  the  inceiise  which  tlie.se  ]ioor 
people  ollir  to  their  imaginary  deity. 

Inside  the  ]!ogue.  or  |!oeca  Tigris,  as  it  is  called,  the 
river  w  ideiis  very  iiinch,  and  presents  the  aji|  eiirance 
of  an  inland  sea  The  view  now  beioiius  biaiilirnl 
and  highly  ]iiituresi|ne,  the  Hat  cnllivatid  land  near 
the  shntis  forming  a  striking  colilrast  to  the  liaireii 
hills  on  the  oulside  of  the  tmts  :  the  mountains  in  the 
distance  .ippear  to  enrircle  the  extensive  jlaili  ;  and 
althoiigli.  like  the  otliiis,  they  aie  bain  n,  yet  they 
make  a  tine  back  ground  tothe  )pictnri'.  A  lew  iiiih  m 
further  up  the  river,  the  sliip|iing  in  Illeiiheim  and 
AVhampoa  re.iches  come  into  view,  and  the  cclibratid 
:  ^\  liaiiipoa  I'agoda,  with  MVeral  more  of  less  iiiite, 
besides  numerous  other  towers  and  joss-honi-e.s,  nil 
remind  the  traveller  that  he  is  ap)iroachiiig  the  far- 
famed  city  ot'  Canton,  i  ne  of  the  lichest  and  iiioht 
iiii|iortant  in  the  Celestial  Kiupiie.  The  iii  ble  river, 
I  with  its  numerous  r.imilication.s,  forms  many  islands, 
on  one  ot'  which  the  small  town  or  v  illiige  of  AVIiiimjina 
is  built. 

Large  i|uaiitities  of  rice  lire  giown,  both  on  the 
islands  fi'iincd  by  the  river,  and  mi  the  Hats  on  the 
main  land.  The  tide  is  kejit  out  by  imbaliknients, 
mill  the  groui.d  can  be  oveitlowed  at  will.  Tin  se 
eiiib.iiiknu  Ills  are  not  allowed  to  lie  idle,  but  are  made 
to  piodiiee  clops  of  plantains.  M  hi  ii  the  hind  is  ti  n 
high  to  be  llooded  by  llie  tide,  the  Water  wheel  is 
brought  into  ]ilay,  and  it  is  ]iil'ictly  asiniiishing  liow 
nincli  water  can  be  raised  by  this  .siniple  contrivance  iu 
a  Very  short  space  of  tine. 

Sugarcane  is  also  grown  lather  extensively  iiiiir 
W  liampoa,  and  in  its  law  state  is  an  aiticle  in  great 
demand  amongst  the  (liiiie.se.  Jt  isiiiannfai  tnied  into 
sugar  candy  and  bicwn  sugar;  many  kinds  of  the 
latter  being  larticulaily  line,  though  not  iiiin  h  ti.'-ed 
by  the  foreigners  lesidiiig  in  the  ciiintiy.  who  gi  iierallv 
|iret'ir  the  candy  mluccd  to  jiovvdir,  Jii  whn  h  state  it 
is  V erv  tine  and  w hite 

The  I'agodii  ol  \\'ham]oa  {.m  p.  92),  exhibits  sonio 
]ieiiiliariiy  of  de.-ign.  It  stands  upon  a  tiirace,  its 
porch  is  a  flight  of  su  ]'s,  its  vestibule  or  anti  sanctuary 
H  a  covered  building,  and  its  inner  saintnary  isonenf 
those  Tias  or  lofty  tow  ers  w  liicli  lire  .•■o  eharaili  listio 
of  Chinese  eiclesiastical  iilchiti ctiire,  mill  vvhnli  con- 
sist ol'seviral  stones,  iliminishing  in  Iniglil  and  width 
as  they  ascend,  each  liavin;;  a  piojeiling  nmf  of  glazed 
tiles,  and  generally  oiiialnented  Willi  bells.  The 
iniilalioii  taa  or  ]  agoda  in  Kew  ( Janli  ns.  en  i  led  by 
Sir  N\  .  I'hambi  rs,  is  well  known  to  our  iiadiis,  and  is 
a  lofiy  and  fair  specimen  of  what  it  is  inti  inled  to 
represent.  The  celil'iatcd  taa  or  towcr  lit  Nankin, 
coiiiposid  of  porcelain,  is,  like  most  others,  an  octagon 
upwards  of  I'll)  feet  high,  and  divided  into  ten  stories, 
,  each  of  which  has  a  marble  gallery,  with  gilt  lattices, 
I  tlio  stairs  being  foriiitd  within  tlie  thickness  of  th« 
I  walls.     The   sumiuit   is  surmounted  by  a  cupola,  from 


i    '■■'t 


CniNA.   COCHIN  CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


I«l 


_*-_  ■--.  ".«'i 


,.4^^ 


(,HIN>    :     HAT    WOIMV 


which  rises  a  Ii>fty  pole  or  mast  witli  oriflaiunif',  as  we 
Boe  •rectt'd  iii  front  of  thi>  Pagoda  of  tlic  liocks  at 
Muraii,  abuut  30  feet  liigli.  Thcio  is  a  similar  l.uwcr 
at  Tint;  t^^hang  In,  tlio  cxtcrinr  of  wliicli  is  of  porci'l  tin, 
l)iit  the  wails  theuistilvi-s  aro  of  niarliio.  Otlii'rs  liavi^ 
a  single  stairni.se  in  tlio  centre,  carried  up  tlirou^yli  all 
the  tlifferent  sUiries.  Although  so  completely  dis- 
similar in  style,  their  towew  hear  a  strong  analogy  to 
the  Go|)uras  and  Vinanas,  or  lofty  |iyi'aini<l  tower- 
temples,  of  the  Hindoos.  l?oth  seem  ti  have  originated 
in  a  common  idea,  ditferently  modilieil,  aceoriling  to  the 
taste  and  mode  of  l)ni!din<;  of  the  respective  nations. 

\Vhaiii|)oa  island  is  the  liist  Imt  oni',  and,  indeeil 
the  hist  island  of  any  size  or  importance  met  with  on 
ascending  the  Hocea  Tigris  to  (Jant^m.  On  the  left 
bank  are  Fi*ench  Folly,  Lin's  Kort,  an<l  the  Hames' 
Kurts  ;  uu   the  other,  iiuuuu  aud  the  Krouch  Islands. 


Ilciice  it  was,  that,  during  tin  late  war,  \>  hamjioa, 
which  was  fornn-rly  i  phuv  of  in.jHirtanee,  and  has  two 
|iagodas,  liecaiui' a  ..,ii'at  iiridi-zvous,  and  a  conference 
was  lull  there  on  the  21st  of  |)cceinlier,  1M.")7,  by  the 
plenijx  I  'uti;u'ii's  ami  naval  and  military  commanders, 
shortly  liefori'  tht^  aiwault  and  capture  of  Canton. 
"  Our  primipal  amusement,"  .siys  one  j)resent  on 
the  occasion,  •■  Wits  rambling  over  that  pictiiresipif 
s|«»t  ;  though  ^ot  alioTi^  five  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, til''  '  '  lid  was  broken  into  hill  and  ilalc 
and  fei .  ;,'cns,  where  a  rural  popidation  livi'il 
|ieaeeably  amiil  all  'he  troubli-s,  and  seemed  utterly 
iiidilli  rent  as  to  the  liit<!  of  their  prt>vineial  city,  h*- 
derd,  many  of  them  who  had  sufTered  .sevt'rely  by  the 
interruption  of  trade,  rather  hojied  for  our  success  than 
otherwise  ;  and  in  one  of  the  villages,  a  man  was  mu', 
who  had  formerly  lived  at  WhannxMi,  and  spoke  a  little 


101 

Knglisli.  wlin  «sRurc(l  iiR  that.  Jip  rxprpsucd  a  spntlmont 
vcrv  iniiinioii  ninoiifj  liis  nuiiitrviiR'H  wliPii  lio  said, 
"You  iukee  t'aiiUii  ili()i)-cli(i|),  my  no gotcliiu  iiiouey." 

IV._CANTON. 


From  AIin'iii>  to  Ciuiton,  is  from  Grnve(M>n<l  to  lUack- 
wnll — only  more  diiiscly  crowilcd  ;  and,  liy  Jill  iIk- 
jiowiTsoI'lJockncyisni,  lliciris  -i  \nn\t  nioi'.'  riillaway, 
ladsl  on  sin'  ^ocs,  and  ourlittlo  sti'aniiT  iil'tor  liiT,  stem 
on,  and  dose  up!  on  tlicy  go.  No,  by  all  that's  unhu-ky, 
oivr  th;v  go!  Surclv  tlicsc  aiv  wager  lioats,  and  Mr. 
Searie  is  umpire.     Tlu'V  arc  all  rigiitcd  again. 

Now  liy  lircgrovi'S,  litlicn  trees,  an<l  lianyan  i'orest.s, 
liy  doeks,  by  tin;  battle-ground  ot  the  Fat.sliaii  liiver 
(where  the  brave  ]<•  ppel  won  his  laurels),  tlie  whole 
looked  down  u]ion  by  a  kind  ot'  liiehninnd  Hill,  where 
the  fort  used  to  be  under  wiiieli  the  "  Coroniandel" 
ran  aground — by  the  old  and  ])icturc.s(pie  shipjiing, 
with  the  Uiany  flags  flying.  'Jliere  is  nothing  pie- 
turesque  about  the  fity  itselt',  no  more  than  there  is  in 
Wapping.  The  grev  ■.•«ii's  stretch  in  long  line.s,  out  ot' 
which  rise  pert  ;;.geoii-lujuses  on  jjoles,  with  ladders 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 

1  to  them,  wliieli  tliey  toll  ua  nro  watch-boxes.  (The 
Chinese  do  all  tilings  by  contraries:-'  we  used  to  place 
our  wrtehbo.xes  on  the  ground — tliey  ptit  theirs  in 
the  sky.)  Then  niaiLdarin  poles  with  Hying  streamers; 
tlien,  tlie  line  is  broken  by  liigli  squan^  warehotises, 
just  such  ns  you  see  about  our  dm  ks,  and  these,  \te 
are  told,  are  tlie  iiawid>rokers'  shojis;  fl  r  ])awiiing  and 
money-lending  are  carried  on  in  Canton  and  throughout 
Cliina  on  an  enormous  scale.^ 


'  It  is  cii.«tenmry  in  Cliiiiii,  »t   certiiin  soasuns  of  the  yciir,  to 
liavojuiik  nui's,  aixl  for  the  tnwiis  iiciir  mivipilijo  ri<i  is  anil  tlie 
.sea  jHirts  tliis  ifl  all  oonisinii  of  ^Ti-iit  n-jnicni^;   llu-  niii^:i>I rates  ami 
sninetiiiies   the  ricli  iiiiMrli:iies  el'ilu'  liKulity  tli>trilmtu  the  jirizis 
til  tlie  victiiis;  aii^l  tlmse  wlio  wisli  to  enter  llie  li.sts  organize 
tliemselvi's  into  a  c(ini]ian,v,  ami  ii'ijioiiit  a  cliiel'.      Tlie  jmiks  that 
servo  for  these  (;aiiies  are  very  lonir   ami  narrow,   so  that  then  is  , 
only  just   room    for  two  Ihiiehes  oi  rowers  ;  they  are  most  riehly  1 
earveil  anil  oriiaun  iiteil  willi  jiildlnir  ami  ilesitjrs  in  bri).'ht  eolmirs. 
Th«  (irow  ami  the  ikkiji  represent  tiie  hi  ad  and  tail  of  the  ]iii)ieiial 
Dragon,   tliey  are   therefore  called  luuiii!-fr/i<iii<in,   that   is  to  siy 
drapiii  iM'ats.     They  are  ljun(,'   with  silks  and  tin.H'l,   and  aloiii; 
their  whole  li  iiirtli  are  ilisplayiil  imnicroiis  streamers;  hri(:ht  led 
pennants  tl"at    in  the«iiid,  and  on  e.ieli  siile  of  the   little  must 
that  supports  the  naiional  llaj,'  are  jilacid  two  men,  who  leave  oil' 
strikinjr  the  tmn-tiiin  and  exeeutiii!;  rolls  on  the  dniiii,  whilst  the 
mariners,  leanini.' over  their  oars,  row  on  vi^'orously,  and  make  the 
drairon  junk  skim  rapidly  aloii^'  the  surlaee  of  the  water.     WhiUt 
these  elegant  I'oats  are  iiintemliiij.' with  one  another  the  iienjile 
Ihriinp  the  quays,  the  shore,  and   the   roots  of  the  iieighlsaiiini; 
hiiiises,  ami  the  vessels  that  are  luiii;  in  the  )iiirt.     They  animate 
the  rowers  by  their  cries  and  phnmits  ;  they  let  oil'  tirewuiks; 
they   iH'rform  at  various   points   di  al'enins.'  music,  in   whieli   the 
siinorous  noise  of  the  tiim-tum,  and  the  sharp  sound  of  a  sort  of 
elarionet,  giving  ]ieriieliially  the  same  note,  )>ri'domiiiate  over  all 
tlie  rest.     The  t'hinese  l■eli^h  this  infi  riial  liarmony.      It  liap)H'iis, 
siiinetimes,  that  a  dragon  hoat   is  upset  in  a  moment  uiid  emptied 
of  its  double  line  of  rowers,  but  the  crowd  gteiMsthe  ineideiit  wiih 
a  shout  of  laughter;   nobody  is  at  all  disturbed,  for  .he  im  n  who 
row  arc  always  gi>iHl  swimmers.      Von  somi  jei'  lliein  emerge  from 
beneath  the  water,  swinmiing  alHiut  in  all  ilii'eelioiis  toe.iteli  their 
oars  again  and  their  rattan  lii'lmels;  the  wiiter  sjirings  up  lieiieath 
their  abrupt  andrapiil  moveiiieiits.  \oii  might  lake  them  lor  a  In  op 
of  iior|poises  dis|iortiiig  in  the  middle  of  the  waves.      When  every 
m.'in   has  found   liis  oar  and  his  hat,   again    the   dragon   Ih  at    is 
I'laced  oiiee  moro  on  lier  keel,  the  streamers  are  put  to  rights  as 
will  as  eireum>laiiee8  will  |»  riiiil,  and  then  eomes  the  grand  dilli- 
iiiliv  of  how  to  get  into  her  a.;aiii ;    but  these  poople  are  so  agile, 
adroit,  and   sup|  le  that   they   always  manage  it  somehow.      The 
piihlie  have  olten   the  salisf.ietion  oi"  witnessing  these  little  inei 
di  iits  on  ffle  days,  for  the  Iwiats  are  so  frail  and    liirlit  that  the 
s'ighte.-t  fault  in  the  iiMiviineiits  of  the  rowers  may  i-apsi/    ibi'iii. 
'IhestMNiuliial  g.iiiies  la-t   for  sevi  ral  days  together,  and.o.   emi. 
tinned   from   iii.niiiig  till    night,  the  speetators  remainlnL'  failh 
fully  at   their  |.o-l-  all  li.eiimiv      Tl„.  ambiilat-ry  kileheiis  and 
the  dealers  in  prioi-i.-ns  eiieulati'  thronjli   all  (larts  of  th<'  erowd 
to  teed  •his  imiiieiee  nmltilude.  whieh,  under  (iretext   of  haviiiL' 
no  regular  meal  at    home  that  day.  is   latinu'  and  ilriiikiiig  enii- 
tinually,  whilst   rope  dancers,   jugglers,  piekpoekets,  and   ihievis 
of  every  species  )irolit  by  the o'ppon unit Y  to  turn  their  talents  to 
aeeouiit,  and  vary  the  iimiisemeiils  of  Ihr  day.     The  i.tbeial  leie 
is  teriuinated  by  the  distiibminn  ol  pri/is.  and   the  rowir>  wind 
up  with  menvmakiig,  iiiiil   s.  metiims  also  with  ipiarrelling  and 
lighting. 


'  We  niourii  in  blaek — they  nionrn  in  white  j  we  regard  coro- 
nets  and  crowns  as  badges  of  dignity — they  respect  tlic  boot«j 
we  build  solid  walls — they  make  them  hollow  ;  wc  pull  a  boat — 
they  push  it ;  we  place  the  orchestra  in  front  of  the  stage— they 
hide  it  behind  ;  we  feed  the  living — tliey  ^:•  t  dinner  ready  fertile 
dead.  "  In  a  eonntry,"  says  Mr.  Wingro*  I'ooke,  "where  the 
roses  have  no  Iragrance,  and  the  women  no  petticoats;  where  the 
labouriT  has  no  sabbath,  and  the  magistrate  no  sense  ol  lioiinur; 
where  the  roads  have  no  vehicles,  and  the  ships  no  keels;  where 
ohl  nien  tly  kites  ;  where  the  necnlle  points  to  the  eoutli,  and  the 
sign  of  being  jiuzzled  is  to  scratch  ihe  antipodes  of  the  head; 
w  liere  the  )ilace  of  honour  is  on  the  left  hand,  and  the  seat  ot  in- 
telleet  is  ill  the  stomach;  where  to  take  ot)  your  hat  is  an  insoUiit 
gesture;  we  c»ught  not  to  be  astoniphetl  to  tind  a  literature  with- 
out an  alphali't,  and  n  langnage  without  a  graniiiiHr.  Ve  use  a 
white  Ihig  lor  peace,  they  brandish  it  in  war;  and  a  want  of" 
know  hdge  of  this  fact  led  to  the  rebels  firing  «|H)n  Lord  KIgin's 
jiarly  in  the  Yang-tse-kiang  river— the  return  of  which  lire  has 
brought  on  an  awkward  imbroglio  lietwi'cn  fori'igners  and  the 
insurgents,  who  accuse  us  .if  favouring  the  Anti-t'hiiicse  party  of 
the  Tartar  Mandarins. 

'A  part  of  the  pawiibroking  tstablishnn  nts,  so  numerous  in 
China,  also  belong  to  the  govt  rin  cut.  'Ihe  rale  of  interest  is 
^  per  cent,  pi r  miaitli,  li r  jewels,  and  articles  of  the  metallic 
kinil.  ihe  ligal  interest  of  moiiiy  has  betn  lixed  at  lUI  )H'r  cent. 
))er  annum,  whieh  uiakes  :t  ptr  cent,  ptr  iiionlli,  us  the  sixth,  the 
twellih,  and  the  iiitnca  aiy  nioon  (when  there  is  one,)  do  not 
biar  iuti  rest.  One  w<iud  like  to  know  what  objiel  the  Chinese 
government  had  in  vuw,  in  lixing  the  inti rest  ol  money  at  so  enor- 
leins  a  rate,  ai  dto  uiidiislai.d  lliiir  mi  de  of  ri  gal  ding  questions  of 
poliiieal  and  fecial  (eoiiomy.  Aceordiiig  to  Tcbao-yang.  a  distin- 
gni-liid  write  V  of  the  teleslial  luii)iiie,llie  )  uijiose  wastoprevent 
the  value  of  land  from  ineieasing,  and  that  ol  nmney  from  diminish- 
ing by  tie  n  i  dioerity  ol  interest.  In  lixiig  it  at  a  very  high  rate, 
it  ha?  iiideavi  urid  tormdir  the  distiibnlion  ol  land  prolan tionate 
with  the  iiumi  cr  of  Ian  dies,  aid  the  eiieulation  of  iiiomy  more 
aitite  and  nniforin.  '1  itntsrhih,  an  teiMinical  writer,  goes 
I  lilt  her  into  this  subjci  t,  in  aniiiniier  of  which  the  late  Mr.  Wilson 
might  not  have  bt  en  lehunnd,  as  follows: — 

"How  is  it  that  the  high  rate  of  interist  fixei'  by  the  law 
idlords  aihantage  to  ci  ninerce'-'  la  cause  it  opens  a  cari'er  to 
those  loe    luunt,    ami  favours  its  division  among  a 

gi later  nun  lier.  'J he  genius  for  toiiiieiici-  i-  a  ja  euliar  one,  like 
that  for  letti  r»,  fi  r  goM  inmeiit,  for  the  arts  ;  possibly,  even  one 
night  say  that,  in  some  respiits,  it  en  liraees  them  all.  Now 
this  genius  for  eouiii  eice  i»  lost  to  the  <n:)iin  in  all  those  win 
follow  u  dill)  rent  eareer ;  it  remains,  tlarefoie,  to  <levclope  it  in 
those  who  have  no  <  tbir  resouric.  Although  commerce  is  imlis- 
pnlably  iieeessary  to  the  (^tatc,  yet  the  administration  whieh 
goes  to  so  mueh  ex)  case  to  laeililale  study,  and  to  form  by 
that  means  ncn  lapal  h'  of  )ii  lilical  hnsiness,  diKS  nothing 
for  those  who  have  a  genius  for  commerce  to  assist 
them  in  Its  dev.  lopii  enl.  Now  the  high  interest  ol 
money  unkis  amends  for  ihia  kind  of  neglect.  IIowivi. 
|<K)r  a  V  uiig  man  nay  be,  if  he  is  wcliu  nduitid  and  clever 
lie  will  Ih  iI  le  to  Uirrow  <  nough  t<i  maki  an  att(m)il,aiid  as  soon 
as  this  -vienids  all  pniM'S  will  lie  opi  n  to  him; — and  this 
iiitere>t  now  wid  have  giTi  n  to  the  (mpiie  a  useful  citizen, 
who  wdiild  have  Inen  lost  if  a  hiljiing  hand  bad  not  been  held  out 
to  him.  Now  whin  men  can  enter  into  business  withcad  having 
any  money  of  their  own,  eomuovie  must  incssurily  lie  divided 
among  a  great  numlier,  aid  that  is  what  the  |ireBCIit  stale  of  the 
)Hipnliitioii  render  desirable 

"  .\  man,  whatever  he  n  ay  be.  has  but  a  certain  amount  of 
time  and  strength  to  empi  >  :  if  his  business  demands  more  he 
must  call  ill  help,  that  is  to  say,  he  mu»l  buy  the  services  of 
others;  tlieyeo«l  him  little,  for  Ihe  in<ist  |iait,  and  he  eiidcHVouri 
to  obtain  the  utino,.t  ndvai  life  Ironi  them.  What  he  g«ins  by 
these  as.sistants,  bv  ih  giei  -  leases  him  from  the  Iiecessity  of 
working  kimself,  and  tl.i  pnl  he  is  charged  with  bis  idleneu.     li 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA.  AND  JAPAN. 


103 


ting  probably  thoy  won'  not  at  linmo.  For '•  vcs  " 
read  "can  do."  "llow  many  t.i  iliniicr  lliis  evening  (  " 
Yonr  boy  ])r('at'iitly  rt'iilies,  "Some  jiicci'  man — two 
|(irc(;  niissit'."  - 

Sonit'timi'.s  tlic  stranijiT  in  (,'antoii  for  tlic  iiivt  day 
finds  it  ini|iiissilili'  to  bt'licvc  in  anuliiiij;  lii'  si'cs.  Yon 
t't'd  jnst  as  it'  you  iiad  yol  liy  niisiakc  on  lo  the  staf^c 
of  a  tiicatro  instead  of  tlic  lioxes,  and  find  yonrself, 
uni'onifortalily,  one  of  tbc  ilrniiuilit  /ifrsmni:  in  a 
Chinese  ballet.       Kvervthini;  sei'iiis  sliam   and   nnsnb 


Behind  tlie  city  rise  fMld-sliajicrl,  jafjged,  green 
mountains  and  lulls,  with  forts  ii|ion  them — forts  that 
rt^sendde  gigantie  franiiw  or  hot-houses  in  a  .sidjurban 
garden  ;  down  to  the  water-sido  are  shcd-honses,  biiiit 
on  piles,  antl  just  behinil  are  tlit^  walls.  All  alMPUt 
are  from  /)0,000  to  ()((,()(!()  boatmen,  who  live  on  the 
river;  and  there  is  no  end  ofycllings  and  jabberings, 
pulling  and  hauling,  ])ushiiig,  |mnting,  rowing,  and 
sculling,  scri'cehing  and  gesticulating  ;  the  tide 
running  a  ])erfeet  sluice.  Some  of  the  woin«Mi  are 
comely,  and  in  their  peculiar  liloonier  stylt' of  costume  stantial ;  the  houses  look  like  so  many  painteil  sheds, 
andstrikinglyoriginal  style  of  head-dress,  are  attractive  The  place  is  very  intricate,  ami  llie  alleys  innumerable. 
The  fare  for  a  boat  load  to  the  shore  is  a  shilling,  and  There  is  the-  Tartar  bnrrack,  w  ith  its  two  colossal  lions 
that  is  a  trifle  to  give  a  jtretty  girl  after  a  hard  pull.  I  — anything  lint  lions  diil  the  men  show  themselves 
Once  landed,  you  have  plenty  to  do  ;  with  excui-sions  ;  when  the  ti;,'liting  came.''  It  has  an  exercise  ground  of 
up  to  the  Hills,  and  to  tlm  I'agoda,  and  the  I'ar.st^;  '  .sixteen  acres,  with  a  temple  in  tin-  centre,  anci  .some 
(Jardens,  and  the  Curiosity  Sho]).s.  After  you  have  been  tine  trees  scattered  alioiit  in  ]iark-like  fiishion.  'i"he 
through  the  liong.s  and  gardens,  scanned  the  tea  streets  to  the  ciist  and  west — the  streets  of  l.ove  imd 
Jiri'pared  for  shipment,  and  talke<l  with  some  of  the  Benevolence,  its  they  are  c.illed — and  tlif  I'liriosity 
C'hinesc  merchants,  whom  you  find  Hying  kites' and  who  street,  are  not  for  our  pockets,  which  ari'  n-iivi'd  for 
insist  on  your  taking  with  them  a  cu])  of  tea  without  Japan.  <  )tl]<'rwise  you  may  btiy  their  laii|U<  red  waii- 
nulk  or  sugar,  the  grounds  in  the  cup,  each  made  ex-  and  saiidal-wood  boxes,  and  carved  ivory,  enough  to 
pressly  for  each  person  ;  after  you  have  cliiii-clniined  eat  up  a  year's  inco;iie,  and  leave  you  no  better  at 
sevi'ral  of  these  llong  merchants,  and  heard  them  ex-  the  end  than  the  experience  of  h;i\  ini;  found  out  how 
])ouiid  connnercial  affairs;  after  you  have  been  over  many  things  there  are  in  the  world  tlcit  a  man  can  do 
the  Dutch    Folly,  the    pavilion   of  the    Fire  (Jeiiii,  the     entirely   without,    and    never  feel  the  want  of.      (,'ome 


large  I'agoda   at  Whampoa  {nf.e   p   92),    the    wonderfid 

(lardens — •  wonderful,  because  so  singular  anil  so  novel, — 

after  you  have  seen  theduck-hatehing  (in  the  cupboard 

of  an   old    fisherman)  up   the    river,   where   the   young 

•lucks  are  nursed  in   all   their  stages  ;  after  you  have 

had  a  riile  on  a  Chinese  pony  up  the  Chinese  hills,  and     t„r,.,  insists,"  as  he  tells  iis 

l(H)keil  down    upon   Canton  aial   its    124   tt'iuples  and 

halls  :tnd  pavilion.s.  all  on    the  ground-floor,  and  gazed 

with    ii(n-er-en<ling    pleasure   on    the    tlower-boats    (nee 

]>.129),and  the  fi'.ntastically-dressed  women,  whom  you 

nnist  not   nnstake    for  respectable  la<lies, — tor  they  are 

scarcely  ever  visible, — yiai  will  have  se<'n  almost  all  that 

there  is  to  see  of  the    thou-an<l  year  old    Can  on.       On 

every   side    pigeon    Knglish,  —  that    horiiole    jargon   of 

mutilated    baliytalk, — meets    youi'    ear.        \'ou    hear 

nothing  else.      \n   American   tells  of  a  translation  of 

HaiTdet's     solilo(piy     into     pigeon      Knglish      (which, 

by  the   by,  means    business    Fiiiglish),   in    which   "  To 

bi',    or    not    to    1m',"    reads     "(Jan,     no    can."     Send 

for   yotir    hat,  and    this    wouhl   be    the    style  :     "  Uo 

top  side,    sabe,    tliat    hat,    bring    my."       A     noise    is 

heard  in  the  adjoining  street,  the  can.se,  .says  the  servant, 

is,  "  (Jhini'V  woman  have  I'atchee  om-  piece  cow  chilo, " 

in  other  words,  "Mr.s.  I'iglail,  of  a  girl."    You  call  upon 

^olno  ladies,    Iniy  returns,  "  No  mau  can  see,"  iutima- 


wilh  n.s,  in  the  country,  to  the  "  Potter's   Field,"   the 
execution  ground  where  Yeh,   the  hideous  pagan,  c'lit 


wii»  iisked  Df  Se-liii);  wliy  lie  Imd  lent  IJO.OOO  oiiiives  i)f  iiilver  frnii 
the  piiWic  treasury  ti)  twelve  siiinll  traders.  '  It  wax,'  lie  rejiliid, 
*  ill  order  titat  the  put>lie  ini^ht  no  lunger  have  to  pay  fur  the 
lacipieriil  work,  the  shows,  tlie  festivals,  eoiieubiiies,  and  slaves  ol" 
hill)  whohasii)oni.i>olised  the  silk- factories.  Kivalry  in  trade  ohli^es 
traders  to  emulate  each  other  in  lalxmr  and  industry,  that  is  to 
«aj',  lo  Ik>  less  extortionate  towards  the  pnlilic.'  " 

'  The  t'hinese,  as  evcryhody  knows,  are  ^reat  ill  kites.  It  is 
■traii)^  to  siH'  sols'r  and  seilatc  iiicrcliaiits  tiij^iiin  away  at  a  lout' 
•Iriiijr,  Kuidin^r  a  kit*  very  ellci'lually  in  the  air.     Some  lire  niaile     hiintini;  is  iiothinjjto  it  ;    Ifitl  t'lip  dc-c 


-  Mr.  Wiliffrovc  Cooke  jjives  an  aninsiii'.;  ilhislration  of  this  :  - 
"The  basis  of  tliis  Ciintoii  Kiiirli-ih.  whii-h  is  a  toiipu  ami  a  lilera- 
f  liirniiii;  the  r  into  the  /,  addiiij; 
final  vowi  Is  to  every  word,  and  a  constant  u>e  of  *'sav»y'"  for 
"  know,"  *'  talkee  "'  for  "  speak,"  "  pieeey  "  ft)r  "  piei-e,"  *'  nniidirr 
iMie  "  for  "  first  class,"  hut  especi;dly  and  ahove  all  the  continni-d 
employment  nf  theword  *'  pigeon."  "  I'iireou  "  means  "  hu-iness" 
in  the  most  evteuded  s  use  of  the  wcnil  "Heaven  pigeons  Ijali 
not  "  moans  that  "  clnireh  service  has  cunimenreil ;  "  "  jos  pi>;eon  " 
means  the  "  Kuddlii^t  ceremoi.iiil ;  "  "any  piu'con  fuiilou:-  '  means 
"  have  any  operutiuns  taken  place  at  Cauioii.-''     " 'that   no  Imy 

pigeon,  that  c ic  pigeon,"  is  the  form  ot'  yiir  stT\;int's  rcimm- 

strance  if  asked  to  take  a  letter.  It  also  nic.ms  protit,  advan* 
taire,  observation.  "  Uim  wron;;  too  inncli  loulo.  him  no  savey, 
"ely  ^oihI  pi:.'ciin  have  t'ot."  was  the  lommentary  of  the  Chinese 
pilot  at  tla'  l''aisliani  Creek  liusn»'s.s. 

'  \  Chinese  liatlle  is  a<  piod  as  a  farce.  Mr.  Searth,  a  twilve 
years' resilient  in  Cliiiia  jrivis  us  a  discnptioii.  "Sniieof  tlie 
little  lijilits  at  Shaii|.'hiii,"  he -ays,  "were  very  umnsin^.  One 
day.  w lien  a  );ieat  many  soldiiis  were  out,  I  saw  more  <lfthl^ 
coiiihut  than  was  pli>asaiit.  Ilioinf:  jiot  ^nto  the  line  of  lire,  I 
was  forced  to  take  shelter  heliiiul  a  jrrave,  the  bullets  strikinc  the 
ttrave  from  each  side  every  siiond.  Why  they  ciime  niy  way  it 
was  ilitHcult  to  discover,  tiir  tliey  o'.iL'bt  to  lime  passed  on  the 
other  side  of  a  crecK  alKmt  twenty  yards  distant,  to  the  people 
they  were  intended  for;  but  lo  see  tlie  doil^'in^  of  tlie  soldiers 
(the  '  llruves,'  sef  p  I'Jt)),  tlienol  the  reU-ls,  eiicii  fry  iii^  to  evade 
the  other,  was  almost  amnsiii).'.  One  fellow,  ready  )irimcd  iiiij 
loaded,  woiihl  rush  up  the  side  of  a  v;rave  liillisk,  drop  bis  match- 
lock on  the  top,  and  witlioe  takiiii;  aim,  blaze  awiiy.  Tliere  is 
no  raniriHl  rei|iiired  for  the  slinl  they  u-e,  the  bullet  or  liar  of 
iron  beiiii,r  merely  ilrop|H'd  in  upon  the  powiln-  rhire  was  » 
line  scene  i  n  one  occasion  when  the  Shanghai  lebilsinailca  sortie; 
one  of  the  men  was  cut  off  by  an  Imperial  skirmisher,  wlio  had 
his  piece  hmded.  The  rebel  had  no  time  to  chartri-  his,  so  be  ran 
round  and  round  a  jrrave  which  was  high  iieii^h  to  keep  his 
enemy    frinn    sliootiiu:   him    when  on  Ibe   oppos  ti'    side,      llare- 


ihcd 


parts 


ol 


■irde 


the  sliupeof  birds;  and  the  hoveriiii;  of  the  kestrel,  oi  ihe  ipiiek      the   Itoyabst    was  fast    (rcttiii(t    blown,    wli'U    b; 


of  til 


'  spar 


■hawk. 


aiice  of  the  string.     The  Chinese  heat 


beautifully  imitated  by  expert  nnid-     chance  the  rela'l   tripped  and  fell!       i 


nhlil 


s|ieeially 


holli 


in   till 


thi 


1*?". 


rit,  and,  to  make  mil 


of  h 


s   pri/.e,  pll 


t   till 


id 

line  iinltieky 
1  at  liini  in  a 
iiii/./li'   of  his 


the  "messenger"   that    tliev    send  .spinniin.'    up    the     iniltelilock  to  Red  Cap's  head,  tind,  and  l^iok  to  his  heils  as  fast 


string.      They  send   up    pretty  painted   yiipintic   butterflies,  with  as  be  eonlil  | 

outspread  winRS,   at  the  Imck  of  which,  is   u  simple  contrivance  to  when  Mr.  Ked  Cup  did  exactly  tl 

umke  them  collapse  when  the  butterfly   ri'urlies  the  kite,  ami,  as  j  down  readily  uisiii  the  powder,  fe 

iixin  aa  tiny  colla))*'.  down  comes  the  biitterHy,   slidiii);  uloiig  the  |  was  depresned.     The  rebel  got  olf  witli  i  no"d  sinifin);  ol  b  s  long 

Dtriii);,  ready  to  he  adjusted  fur  aiiiithvr  Higlit. 


Ii  is  ilillieull  to  sav  who   was    most    astoiiis'.eil 

ibe  bullet  that  dmiiped 

Iv  Hlicn  the  bairi'l 


nnt    as  easi 


I  hair,' 


•*! 


IM 


▲U  ROUND  THE  WORLD 


off  70,000  men's  heaas,  several  Englisli  l)eing  amongst 
them.' 


CHINESE    MEIieHANT. 


'  "TliMe  erowus" — Mr.  Winprove  Conki'  is  spnikiii;:  of  tlir 
same  pUce,  —  " «ri'  ihuiiiatniiiK'ntH  t"»liiili  llmsi  viiliiiK  wcrt'  tied 
» lio  were  comlemned  to  the  siktuiI  tortiiri'  oI'lHing  ulireil  to  deiitli." 
Upon  one  of  tlie«e  the  »vifc  of  a  iphel  pciiiTiil  wiis  stretched,  mid, 
hj  Yeh's  orders,  her  Henh  wiis  cut  from  herlnxlv.  After  the  IntttU' 
at  Whaniixw  the  rel)el  leader  e»ei.  ■  d,  hut  his  wife  fell  into  the 
hands  of  Yeh :  this  was  how  he  treated  hit  prisoners.  Hor 
hremsU  were  first  cnt  otf,  then  her  forehead  was  sloshed,  and  the 
skin  turned  down  over  the  face,  then  the  fleshy  parts  of  the  ImmIv 
were  sliced  away.  There  are  Knglislnneii  yet  alive  who  saw  this 
done,  but  at  what  (leriod  of  the  butchery  sensation  ceivsed  and 
death  came  to  this  poor  inncK-ent  woman  none  can  tell.  The 
criminals  were  brought  down  in  ganps,  if  they  could  walk,  or 
carried  down  in  chains,  and  shot  out  into  the  yard.  The  execu- 
tionen  then  arranited  them  in  rows,  ({iving  them  a  l)h>w  iH'hind 
which  forced  out  the  head  and  neck,  and  laid  tiiem  convenient  for 
the  Itroke.  Tlien  comes  the  warrant  of  death  ;  it  is  a  Imnner. 
Ai  loan  as  it  is  wavad  in  sight,  without  verlxil  order  given,  the 
work  began.  Tlierc  was  a  rapid  successinn  of  dull  crunching 
sounds — chop,  chop,  chop,  chop.  No  seconil  blow  is  ever  dealt, 
for  the  deiterous  nii'.nslayers  are  educated  to  their  work,  until 
they  eui  with  their  heavy  swords  slice  a  great  IiuIIkius  vegetable 
as  thin  as  we  slice  a  cucumber.  Three  seconds  a  head  siilfiei-. 
In  one  minute  five  eiecutionen  clear  ofl°  a  hundred  lives.     It 


There  is  a  street  tij)  to  tlie  iiDrth  a  mile  Imig,  with 
sliojts  (if  cveiy  kiiiii  vin  tiie  left  are  streets  leading 
n|i  til  jirivate  houses,  whieii  liavt?  no  window.^  to  the 
street.s.  It  is  all  very  ciuiet  now  ;  to-morrow  there  is  a 
holiday.  Then  the  si'iii-sliu  Ikhlsos"  (grog  .shops)  are 
open,  and  the  sing-song  women  oonie  in  all  painted 
and  liroeaded  ;  and  the  gnivest  and  the  oldest  hang 
strings  of  crackers  otttside  their  houses,  and  jiaint 
laiitern.s,  and  niak^.'  noises.  Then  there  is  ascri'ecliing 
of  .song  anil  a  twangiiig  of  the  stringed  lutt^s,  and  a 
burning  of  pajior,  and  occasional  tipsiness,  and  a  riot 
where  yoti  see  an  Englisli  or  American  sailor.  Dinner 
is  being  got  uj)  in  all  directions  in  a  wonderfidly  ex- 
temjKiraneous  manner  ;-'  and  occasionally  you  may  get 


takes  rather  longer  for  the  assistants  to  cram  the  bodies  inti 
rough  cofniis,  esficcially  as  you  might  see  them  cramming  two 
into  one  shell,  that  they  might  emlK^zzle  the  spare  coffin.  The 
heads  were  carried  off  in  lioxes ;  the  snturateil  earth  was  of  value 
as  manure. 

'  A  Chinaman  will  bake  a  dinner  for  a  dozen  with  a  mere  hand- 
ful of  fuel.  Their  boiler  is  coneslia|)ed  and  large ;  say  two  feet 
in  diameter  by  one  fiHit  deep;  it  eovers  the  whole  ol  the  fire 
merely  with  a  small  |mrtioii  of  the  lower  |iart  of  the  case,  but  the 


..<    iu, 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 


m 


a  glinijiso  of  a  jirrtty  wnnmn — a  rnil  Cliiiifst'  lady  |  tliiit  of  tlui  tojja  aincing  tlio  Koinaii!),  is  arroni|miii('(l 
(see  1>.  108) — iiKHlcstly  ami  Iprcdmiiif^ly  dicssril,  Iilt  with  coiisidrriililt'  nri'iiiiniy.  Tlu'  pci'siin  is  intormcil 
hair  built  tip  with  Calst'  "  whisks,"  (as  the  liainln'sspis  ]  that  imw  he  has  assiniii'il  the  dress  cif  a  man,  that  lu' 
call  thcin)  iiiuleiiicath,  nia<l)!  up  into  snuietliini;  like  a  '  ceases  to  lie  a  Imv.  anil  that  he  nu^ht,  tlieretiire,  to  dis- 
shoe-shapp,  and  huttertiies  on  pins  sturk  in  it,  wit);  linijuish  hinisell'liy  hisaetiims.  as  well  as  hv  the  luanlv 
flowers,  and  jewels,  and  ennihs  ;  nor  is  the  use  of  han-  ,  haliit.  When  the  ISritish  and  Fremh  Kiiiliassies  were 
doliiie,  or  stitlenini,'  J^uui,  l"cireijj[n  ti>  the  (,'hinesc  toilet  ;  at  Tient  sin,  the  fair  sex,  tliey  deelare.  was  allimst  in- 
tlio  loose  littin;,'  silk  tuiiie,  of  hriijht  rolour,  from  the  visihle.  It  was  hy  the  rarest  aeeident  that  a  glimpse 
thront  to  the  ankles,  and  silk  tmnsers.  emliniidered  in  wa.s  caught  of  a  woman,  imt  lielmii,'!!!;;  to  the  lowest 
gol<l  or  silver,  with  niinuto  feet,  eipinplete  the  costume,  class.  Even  tiiese  latter  all  cramped  tlieir  feet— a 
The  ladies  of  distinction  are  seldom  |H'rmitted  to  piiu'tice  not  so  i.'ener;il  amorii;  tlio  same  clas-H  in  the 
stir  aliroad,  except  to  visit  theii'  nearest  relations;  and,     south.     Snnie  of  the  little  jjirls  they  saw   were  pretty, 


on  these  occasions,  they  are  always  carried  in  close 
chaii's.  and  attended  liy  tlair  servants.  The  women  of 
till  ranks  stay  pretty  much  at  hmne.  The  smallncss  of 
their  feet,  which  renders  them  unaMe  to  walk  to  any 
consideralile  distance,  makes  their  continemeiit  less 
disagreealile.  As  sion  as  a  jjirl  comes  into  the  world, 
(hey  hind  her  ti  iidir  fi  et  with  li^ht  handa^jes,  wliidi 
are  renewed  as  occasion  rei|iiires,  to  )irevent  their 
growing.  This  custom  prevails  universally,  the  Tartar 
ladies  residing  in  China  only  excepted,  who  appear 
to  have  no  inclination  to  conforui  to  this  fashion. 
This  fashion  wius  introduced  into  China  hy  a  great 
princess,  who  lived  some  ages  ago.  She  was  a  lady  of 
extraordinary  lieautv  and  virtue,  and  has  olitained  the 
reputation  of  a  .saint;  luit,  it  is  repoiicil.  her  feet  re 
senililed  those  of  liiids;  on  which  account  she  kept 
them  always  carefully  w  rapped  up,  and  concealed  even 
from   the    Kmperor   her  husliand.      The   ladies   of  the 


and  witii  their  heads  decnrated  with  hright  Howeis, 
and  their  i^audy  skirls  lluttering  in  the  wind,  tliev 
liMiked  pii|U.int  and  graceful  ;  Imt  as  a  lule,  the  wouu  n 
generally  seen  weie  hiilcou.s.  'I  his  u.^e  of  flowers 
seems  to  lie  iiniversiil.  Another  tiaveller  de.si^rilics 
the  ladies  of  Ku  chu  In,  as  lieing  particularly  fond  of 
flowers  — artificial  as  well  as  natural — for  the  decoration 
of  their  hair.  'I'lie  rustic  cottage  heaiity  employs  the 
more  lart'e  and  gaudy,  sncli  aa  the  red  liiliisens.  whil.> 
the  reti'icd  daiiisels  prelt-r  the  jasmine,  tulierose,  and 
othei-s  of  that  description  ;  artilicial  llowei-s,  however, 
are  more  in  ii.se  than  natural  ones. 

l!ut  it  is  time  for  us  to  attend  to  Imsiness.  We 
have  with  ns  our  comprador — that  is  a  party  to  whom 
we  may  lie  said  to  lielong,  iiMlixidiially,  during  our  stay. 
He  does  all  for  us;  liuys,  sells,  pays,  hires  servant.s, 
and  ananges  i\crything.  He  is  our  eoiitrac'or  ;  every 
one   is  respuusililc  to  him,  and   he  to  ns.     So,  armed 


liusiiiess,  and  call  iipuii  a  niercliaiit   respecting  certain 
arraiii;i  uu'Tits  for  futui'e  cniiiniissariat  supplies. 

In  ('liina.  as  in  all  other  conntiies.  there  are  not 
only  very  ilitferent  classes  of  society.  Imt  there  are 
also  Very  dilfereiit  grades  in  the  same  position,  fmui 
that  of  a  niandaiiii  to  a  niereliant  and  a  tradesman. 
Mr.    Fortune,    for   example,    who    h.id   to   ilo   with    a 


( 'ourt  followed  her  example,  which,  of  course,  soon  with  an  interpnter  and  our  comprador,  we  proceed  tii 
lieeame  general.  ThetJhinesc  women  never  pare  their 
nails,  Imt  sutler  them  to  grow  to  the  till  length.  This 
proves  no  im|iediuie!it  in  emliroidery,  and  other  needle- 
work, ill  which  they  are  constantly  employed.  These 
they  tintsh  with  extraordinary  neatness,  as  fully  appears 
from  some  specimens  of  them  lironght  t<i  Kurojic.  It 
is  needless  to  remark,  that  the  tale  told  of  a  great    lady 

having  hird's  feet  has  no  origin  in  truth.    The  evasion,     truculent  cla.ss  of   men    to   procure    plants   and   .seeils 
however,   shows   that   the   ('liinese   are  ashamed   of  a^ 
custom   which   has   its    origin    iu    a   puerile    and    di.s-  | 
re|mtiihle  jealousy. 

The  dress  of  the  women,  amoni;  the  lower  ordel's, 
dilfei-s  little  from  that  of  the  men.  A  cotton  frock, 
tawdry  coloured  trowsei-s,  drawn  tight  liy  the  calf  of 
the  leg,  to  show  ott'an  overgrown  ankle,  swathed  round 
with  party  coloured  handages,  and  a  dwartish  foi.t  or- 
namented with  emliroidery,  are  the  priiicipal  articles 
in  the  female  dress,  wliicli  arc  decorated  with  artitiiial 
flowers,  ifee.,  according  to  the  taste  and  circumstances 
of  the  wearer.  I'aints  ar<'  used  universally  ;  the  teeth 
are  tinged  green  and  yellow  •  ami  the  nails,  among  the 
higher  classes,  kept  unparcdtill  they  often  nach  a  length 
of  12  inches.    Hamlioo  slu'athsare  used  to  jircserve  them. 


from  the  interior,  declares  tli.it  no  dependence  can  lie 
placed  U|Miii  the  veracity  of  the  Chinese.  It  may 
seem  uncliaritahle,  he  says,  hut  such  is  thecise.  There 
is  no  doulit  that,  as  a  m.i.ss,  the  ChiiicM-  are  eminently 
deceitful,  distrustful,  and  non-veracions,  and  that  even 
to  one  another  ;  hut  eX|M'rience  lias  shown,  since  the 
opening  of  the  ports,  that  as  there  are  many  really 
learned  and  wise  men  among  their  |ihi|iisophers,  so 
there  are  many  most  civil,  upright,  and  hononi-alde 
men  .liming  their  imrehants.  They  constitute,  how- 
ever, most  iltcidedly  the  exception  to  the  rule — not 
the  rule  itself 

In  this  land  of  ceremonies,  the  farther  you  are  to 
the  left  of  your  host,  the  more  highly  honoured  is 
your  position.     There,  seated  iu  the  presence  of  sonic 


Owing  to  the  pre|ioslerous  n.se   of  small   shoes,   instead  '  dignitary  of  the  land,    who   is  supposed  to  hav  taken 
if  walking,  the  Chinese  lady  holililes  with  an  aw  kward  j  a  phu-e  to  the  right,  the  following  elaliorate  intercliauge 


and  painful  motion,  so  that  a  Chinese  hcauty  is  what  j 
in  other  countries  would  be  called  acripjilc.  The  laws 
of  China  prohibit  the  dressing  of  children  in  silks  and 
furs,  the  head  cannot  he  covered  till  the  indi\  idiial  be 
of  a  certtiin    age.     The   a.ssumptioii  of   the  cup,  like 


of  <'ompliments  takes  ]ilace — the  visitor  having  re- 
siiiiied  himself  entirely  to  the  good  otliees  of  the  inter- 
pii'ter,  who,  in  all  ]irobability,  throw.s  them  into  some- 
what the  following  shape: — 

Fnglish  gentleman,  who  has  never  seen  his  (-"hinese 
host  before,  ex|iresses  his  jileasiire  at  meeting  him. 

ftiU-r/ireler. — His  Excellency  has  long  looked  forward 


lifiit  bihI  Hanipfi  ciifnlil  tin-  rtwt.      Wiitcr  niid  rice  n'o  put  at  Itii' 

bottom,  witli  iiM  iiiiiii  fnuiic  (ivor  tlicni  iilKint  half  tlio  licptli  nf    '■•  this  day 

imn  ;  on  tlii«  lire  pliicid  (lislas  111  Hsli,  fnwl,  or  vci;i'tnliK>stiil)<iil.  i       Cliiiirse    Dli/nlldr;/ — T    meet    liilii    now    as    an 

Tlie  whole  in  roviMcil  witli  a  womlcii  iiivcr.  in  tlie  ifiitre  of  wliii-li     f|-i,,nd,  and  reiinest  to  know  his  honourable  age 

U  n  round  liiilc  iilxiiit  lour  iia-lies  in  (llumeter,  ami  ill  tliiii  aiiotlit'r  -  ... 

iliali    ia  often  placed,  tkn  coiitviita  of  wbivh  are  cooked   by  tlie 


■team. 


Int. 
years. 


old 


Hi.s   Excellency   h;is    protltles8ly    passed  ' 


I 

I 

I 


^ 


!!    !: 


10S 


ALL  ROUND  THB  WORLD. 


Chin.  Diij. — Tlio  rnrs  of  his  Exoollency  iiro  long,  and 
Wti>k«»n  jfreat  nliility. 

Int. — All!  dill  lie  is  uiiwiirlliy  of  tlio  (*oni])liin(>iit. 

67(1/1.  />/(/  — Y<m  liuvt'  hn<i  iiii  anluous  journey. 

Int. — \Vp  (lt'scrv»>(l  it. 

Cliin.  l>iij. —  I  tnist  your  lionoiir.ililc  liciiltli  is  (jood? 

I  lit. —  Hrlyiiij;  on  yoiir  liapjiy  iiuspicos,   his  Kxccl- 
Ipnoy's  lii'iillh  is  atill  mtiust. 

Int. — 'I'lif  gri'iit  KmiH'i-or  of  your  lionoui-able  niitioii, 
is  he  wi-ll  f 

Chin.  I>i(j. —  Ho  is  well.  Tho  ffcowt  Sovi-n-ii^n  of 
your  )ioiioiir:il>li'  nation,  is  she  well  ( 

Int. —  Slif  is  wi'll.  I)o  the  trouMcsonio  posts  (robels) 
still  infost  tlio  ciunitry  ? 

Chin.  Dii/. — Till'  in.si'ots  aro  hoing  spooililv  oxtornii- 
natoil. 

The  information  wo  wishod  fur  was  olitainod,  and 
the  Iiarijain  niailo.  ()n  this  oi'casioii  our  ac('(>ni|)lislii'd 
lio.st  ovorwlu'lniod  us  with  oivilitios,  oonstructod  jtyra- 
niids  of  dt'lii'aoics  on  our  piato.s,  and  insistod  on  o\ir 
drinking;  a  unantity  of  hot  wino,  ohlij^inj;  us  to  turn 
ovor  our  ".'lassos  oacli  tinio,  as  a  soourity  against  hool- 
taps.  ('lia-oi"s  yaniun  was  a  far  handsoinor  rcsiilonoo 
than  any  similar  otlicial  aliodo  at  tJanton.  The  into- 
rior  was  invostcd  with  an  air  of  comfort  unusual  in 
t'hin.i,  tho  walls  nicoly  papoivd.  and  tln'tloor  carpotod. 
Tho  wholi'  ostalilisliMunt  has  lioon  roirntly  put  into 
gmiil  ordor,  and  was  altogothor  a  tit  rosidonoo  for  so 
elovatoil  a  functionary 

At  last  wo  '•  liOi;;;od  to  take  our  loavo,"  and  hogr.n 
violently  to  ••  tsiuii-tsing,"  a  coroniony  which  consists 
in  claspini.'  your  lianils  before  yoin'  breasts,  ami  making 
a  croiiiliing  baboon  liko  gesture.  It  is  the  ei|uiv,dent 
of  shaking  hands,  onlv  oni'  .shakos   one's   own    hands, 


iw  tlip  sciencp  of  lioraldrv,  and,  in  .soino  instancoH,  w« 
have  almost  as  quaint  an  attire  in  our  own  civil  and 
military  de|iartmonta. 

'J'Im'  assimilation  of  tho  Chinese  tho(dogy  with  that 
of  Kuropo  wius  not  n  dream  on  tho  jiart  of  tho  old 
missionary,  Father  Hicci.  We  liavo  soon  in  modern 
times  that  .M.  Hue  has  found  that,  i>i  Thibet,  tho 
Homanists  havo  been  anticipated  both  in  .'ootrine  and 
practice,  and  that  many  of  tho  tenets  of  the  Duddhists 
I  foreshadow  the  principles  of  Christianity.  And  so  it 
is  also  of  (Jhineso  civilisation,  which  recent  researches 
have  shown  to  liavo  far  more  analogy  and  clo.sor  rela- 
tions to  Kin'o|)ean  civilisation  tian  people  wore  at  ono 
time  prepared  to  admit,  ami  that  even  in  its  most 
absurd  and  ridiculous  aspeota  ;  for  are  not  the  dragon 
stanilanls  and  tiger  adorned  shields  found  endila/.ont>d 
in  the  heraldry  of  tho  We.st  ?  anil  are  not  the  analogies 
of  tho  red  and  blue  mantles,  conical  caps  with  divi'rso 
oohmrod  stripes,  and  other  grolescpio  military  ami 
otlicial  insignia,  to  b<>  mot  with  in  Kurojioan  cost\imes, 
in  great  hirsuto  lioail-gear,  feather  topped  helmets, 
cocki'd  hats,  and  other  strange  attire  /  It  is  not,  after 
all,  for  us  to  laugh  at  the  tigers  of  the  Middle  Kmpiro, 
more  especially  when  it  is  reniendxTod  that  not  many 
years  b;i(k  the  command  of  "  Kosto  fi'roz  al  inimigu" 
was  included  in  the  i'ortnguoso  drill,  and  therou])on 
the  soldieiy  showed  their  tooth,  and  looked  foniciousat 
an  imaginary  enemy. 

Tlie  costume  of  the  ])atriot  rebel  or  bnivo  (brivo  of 
the  Kreiieh)  of  ( 'liina,  partakes  moio  of  .a  civil  cha- 
racter. It  is  that  of  the  old  Cliineso  or  Ming  d.ynastv, 
as  distinguished  from  that  of  the  Mantchu  Tartar 
dynasty  and  soldiery.  .\ll  those  who  joined  the  move- 
ment  under   Tian-tah,   "Cel<>lial    virtue,''  al.so  called 


instead  of  another  ]ie|-son's,  which  may  or  not  have   it.-<  i  Tai-ping-wai,  the  great   pacilicalor,  whoni'o  his  follow- 

"  ers  have  bei-n  called  Tae  pings,  were  obliged  to  cut 
olf  their  pig-lails,  a  jirai'tice  borrowed  from  the  Tartars, 
to  allow  thi'ir  hair  to  grow  long,  and  to  rejdaoe  tho 
Tartar  cloak  by  tho  ohi  garment,  opening  in  front, 
which  was  worn  in  the  time  of  the  Mings. 

It  would  be  of  little  interest  to  our  realtors  to  narrate 
here  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Chinese  insurrection, 
and  the  varying  suive.s.ses  and  failures  of  the  |>atriots ; 


advantages  ;  in  China  tho  iiistom  of  the  eouiitry  is  the 
pretorablo  one.  This  is  followed  by  a  scene  very  like 
i''at  which  occurs  on  similar  oec;usioiis  among  our- 
selves. Our  ho.<t  insists  u]miii  following  lis  to  our 
ohaii-s.  Wo  lenionstiiite.  '■  Stop,  stop,  stoji.  wo  are 
iinwoi-thy."  .s;iy  wo.  "  What  language  is  this,''  he  ro- 
Jilio.s.  "  We  really  are  unworthy.  "  wo  reitor.ito.  "You 
are  in  my  liou.se. "  he  insists,  ami   so  we   back   to  our 


chairs,  ]»'r]ietually  imploring  him  not  to  trouble  himself  still,  it  is  a  movement  of  vast  inipoi  u-e,  and  as  tliat 
by  ac<\)injianying  u.s.  which  ho  vehemently  resists. until  of  a  ]iiiroly  Chinese  party  who  are  now  in  ]Ki.sscssiou 
at  l.a.st.  when  wo  are  in  our  chaii's.  he  reluctantly  con-  of  Nankin — the  ancient  capital  of  their  dyniusty — 
sents  to  return,  apolojxisin;;  to  the  la.st  for  being  so  against  an  usurping  -Mantchu-TarUir  dynasty,  seated 
rude  .as  to  loa\e  us  even  then.  It  is  just  po.ssible  that,  at  IVkin,  it  deserves  much  greater  attention  than  it 
under  the  circumstances,  his  .satisfaction  at  gettingi|iiit  has  hitherto  received,  and  is  pregnant  with  interest  in 
of  us  hail  as  miicii  to  do  with  this  "  tnij>reii.ieiiunt,"  as  eonnoction  with  the  procooilings  of  tho  Allies  against  the 
his  sense  of  |Ki|iteiies.s,  '  existing  government,  as  wei!  as  to  tho  future  of  China 

Lot  us  now   look   at  the  soldii'is  belonging  to   tho  '  it.self     Add  to  all  tlii.s,  albeit  as  yet   much   corrupted 
Emperor — somoof  whom  are  on  guarcl  oven  in  C.inton,     by    iui]iorfcct   knowledge   and    vain  and   em|itv  tradi- 


whiih  We  have  taken  from  them.      Let  us  regard  their 
'"Braves."  or  vuliinti'crs,  wo  had  better  call  them. 
Tho  Chinese  soMiers   of  the    Imperial    tiuard   havo 


lions  and  cereinonie.s,  still,  it  seems  certain  that  there 
is  in  connection  with  the  .same  niovonient  the  dawn  of 
a  more  enlightened,  moral,  and  religious   condition   for 


received  the  ilosignatiofi  of  '•  tigor.s."  not.  as  might  bo  this  va.st  and  popiiliais  omiiiro. 
imagined,  from  their  courage  and  ferocity,  but  from  When  Tai-)iing  hail  obtained  po.ss«'.ssion  of  Nankin, 
their  yellow  tunies.  u|miu  which  the  ho.id,  vyw,  and  ho  is  described  as  having  with  him  four  kings,  his 
even  part  of  the  back  of  a  tiger  is  represented,  some-  l  colleagues  ;  Tungwang,  king  of  tho  oast,  a  little  spare 
times  with  inane  erect,  as  if  to  inspire  greater  awe  into  j  man,  about  thirty  live  years  of  age,  and  pitted  with 
the  beholder.     Tin    ide,-i.    liko  that    of  the   grotescpio     small  ]iox  ;   Hwang,  king   of  the  west,   young,   active, 

and  brave,    the  Achi!lo.<  of  this    pleiud  of  kings,    but 


standards  and  shields  with  terror-inspiring  nionstoi-s 
of  the  Chinese,  seems  to  us  absurd,  from  the  mode 
of  their  a])|ilicatioii  ;  but  if  we  consiilor  the  matter 
more  closely,  we  shall  tind  that  we  have  admittoil 
the  same  kind  of  thing  into  our  own  civilisation,  only 
uioditied  iutu  a  form  and  systeiu  kuuwu  to  the  iiiitiuteil 


since  dead  ;  Naii-wang,  king  of  tho  .south,  a  man  of 
letters  ;  and  l'ay-«aiig,  king  of  the  north,  young,  and 
of  groat  strength  and  intrepidity,  the  hero  of  the  iu- 
surroctioii.  Such  were  the  tive  chiefs  whose  army  now 
aetod  in  concert,  and  they   were  aided  and  abetted  b^ 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


107 


a  grout  iniiiilicr  "f  infrrior  ullicrrs.     Two  iiiiiiistors  iiro  I  siiiii  cmliussit's)  all  hut  ln|iiiliirii'.s  iiiistiiko  for  diiiiTiondi, 

also  cliMc'i'\ iiif{  (if  iiiriilioii,     iH  they  iiiiiy  I'liiy  an  iiiiiior-  alinunil.     'riiriiii|;li   tliis   ciiiiiitrv  tin-    Mnii^nl^,-'  puslio)! 

taut.  |iirt.,  sisn'.ilil  »ho  ('liiii.'><(^  \>iwl\  \n-   siicfi'SMfiil,   ami  j  tlii-ir  way,  liglitiiii;  with    liihc  al'trr   Inhc.  ami  ii^jjjrr- 

cari-y  till   (1  ly    apiilist  tin;  Maiitrlm  'rartars.      Olio  is  a  gatiiij,'    tlii'in    uiidiT   ihi-ir    "  slarnlanls."      'i'lii'    I'lirtlitT 

little  Kliar|i,  cIcvit  |iorM(>iia>,'i',   Kiiui;  y  chaiij,',  hy  iiaint';  i  they  advaiu'tMl.    tin'  i^'fcatcr  ui-cw  thrir  iniinlicis ;  ami 

thti  otIhM'  is  thill,  il^ly,  ami  hiiiiy,  hut  a  hiuhly  filiiiMited  '  they    iiicrcasi'd     hy    di'^rivrs  like    a    I'nlliii'^    siinwhall, 

'    ■'  .■         ■.    •  1       -  .      ^  .1  iiii|i,'rn'|itih|y    lar>,'i'r    and     lai'j^'T,     till     men     hchcld 


mail,  aiid  t'lc  autlmr,  it  is  su|i|K>s('d,  ii|  iiio.it  of  th(^ 
]iroc!jii',iations  issiipd  hy  tlii'  insiirKi'iits ;  this  is  the 
jicrsnii  whii  IS  h<'li(!vi'd  to  hu  a  Chaiij  si,  or  I'rott-staiit, 
and  a  iiii>iuh*>i'  of  tlic  "  C/liiiicsi'  Union,"  if  not  an  actual 
disrijilc  of  (iut/.lat)"s.      His  iiauic  is  tJlii  ta-kai. 

K'lt  soldii-rs,  Tartars,  ladies,  iiiaiidariiis,  and  iiirr- 
rliaii's,  and  |i<mi|iIi'  inakin;{  liiilidi>y  in  Canton  — a 
hastard  |io|)ulatioii  hctwiMMi  that  of  Wapjiin^  and  the 
worst  I m ft  of  LivcriMMil — art'  not  the  t/'liinrsc  pc  iplo. 
Wn  must  trai'h  you  sonicthiiiK  ahout  llicni  hi-fori!  \vc 
^o  t'urtlii  r  aloiin  tlio  coastr,  or  else  we  shall  always  he 
on  the  oiit.sidi-  of  tilings.  Wo  will  thi-n'foii'  toll  you  a 
story,  whii'li  hi'iiig  trii",  will  give  you  a  coniiilcli'  insight 
into  tilt)  liahits  and  liianncrs  of  that  |iorti(Ui  of  thi' 
Chim-so  jwojdt!  who  arc  not  on  the  scahoard. 

v.— THE  FIHST  OF  THE  MINGS 

Possmi.v  our  readt-rs,  hy  li'iidiii},'  tlii'ir  attoution  to 
a  sliort  an<l  intcrcstiiij;  narrative,  may  he  the  hotter 
onahled  to  learn  siillieient  of  tlio  modern  history  of 
llio  (Miiiieso  dynasties,  and  some  .s|>eoial  |ieeuliarities 
of  Chinese  religious  and  |ioliti<'al  systems,  to  give 
tlioiu  a  useful  insight,  in  an  agreoahio  manner,  into  a 
suhjeet  more  than  usuilly  eonfnsed  and  nniiitelligilde, 
sueli  as  (Chinese  history  is  in  goner.il.  The  stiu-y  wo 
are  ahout  to  toll  them  of  tho  olevaticui  of  lliin^  woo, 
the  first  eMi|ieiMr  of  llii!  Ming  dynasty,  is  translated, 
andoi' course aliridge  l.iV  m  the  iluiigwoo-Tsueu  ('hiion, 
in  ton  small  volumes,  itself  a  partial  ahridijinent  of 
the  liislory  of  tln^  Ming  emperors,  in  sixty  eight 
volumes  ;  and  this  .ihriiliiinent  is  regarded  not  as  a 
romaiiee,  hut  as  an  liistoiioal  text  hook.' 

It  happiMie  Mil  the  l^ltli  century  c»f  our  era,  that 
the  M  ui^ols,  a  trihe  of  wi-eteliod  harhariaus  living  on 
th(!  fronti' rs  of  ('.iheria,  thought  it  a  very  hard  thing 
lliatthev  should  pass  all  their  days  under  snow  ainl  ice, 
wliilo  other  heings,  made  of  the  s.iMm  tlesli  and  hlood, 
rovollei,  in  all  the  liixuri's  of  tin-  South.  They, 
tlieroforo,  held  a  coiineil,  in  wliicli  it  was  resolved  to 
follow  in  Its  winter  tliglit  the  wild  goose,  a  hird,  in 
their  opinion,  more  .sagacious  than  .stupid.  Homo  may 
he  sweet,  hut  I'o  one  likes  to  starve  in  it  ;  nor  C(MiIc| 
any  fatigues  or  perils  of  the  way  oipial  what  they  had 
to  sutfor  in  their  native  steppes, — a  day's  hard  l.ihour 
in  t\w  snow  for  the  chance  of  half  a  <lav's  food.  There- 
tore,  having  cuieo  liidilen  farewell  to  the  icy  mount  liiis, 
and  touiid  their  way,  through  snows  knee  deep,  to  a 
more  genial  region,  all  traces  of  their  former  hahitatioiis 
wore  ohiiterated,  and  they  Imric'd  the  rememhranco  of 
their  t^'iits  in  ohiivion,  until  nearly  a  century  after- 
wards the  Chinese  reminded  them  of  tiieir  lost  fumforts, 
and  sent  them  back,  attended  hy  a  military  escort. 
How  this  happened  we  shall  now  relate. 

Central  Asia  is  an  inimenso  plateau,  whore  little 
groNTS  but  stunted  gra.ss — where  sjind  is  plentiful,  and 
shiuing  pebbles  which,   ('iceording  to  accounts  of  Uus- 

'  There  is  aTvitliiT  tcxt-bcMik  ;  "  The  Tai-tien,"  tiy  uii  oiiipiTor 
of  the  Ming  dyimsty,  in  22,8<J7  clinptcrH,  and  nearly  that  iiuiii- 
b«r  of  volumoa. 


them  in  the  heginning  of  the  thirteenth  century  a 
ooinplote  a\alaiiehe,  which  at  last  came  plunging 
down  upon  the  l^-oiitiers  of  the  l\ni  einpire—  wheri' 
these  wandorei's  wijie  not  only  reipiosted  not  to  move 
any  further,  but  even  ordered  to  pay  triluite  for  lioing 
allowed  tii  dwell  where  they  were  in  sah'ty.  Having 
no  alternative,  they  yielded  to  circuinstaiices — ami  be- 
came, in  the  languagi'  of  the  Kin  court,  "  humble 
VBRSiils,  most  revorenli.'dly  oh<>dioiit,  like  the  kings  of  the 


'  Tin'  Mdii^iil  trilii's  );i'iu'nillv  iirc  u  stout,  Ki|uiit,  Hwiirthy,  ill- 
fiviiiiri'il  nii'r  iif  iiii'ii,  Inning'  lii^'li  iind  linniil  hliiuililcrH,  uliert, 
linnii'  it<Mi'i4,  i>niiit('(l  iinil  {irnniini'iit  rliiiis.  Inn^  tt-ctli  ilistatit  t'rniii 
nicli  iithcr,-  I'Vi's  lilick,  i'lli|rtM'al,  and  iinslcadv,  —  thick  utiiirl 
necks  I'xtri'niilii'S  Ixiiiy  mihI  nervous,  inUHulnr  lljijfhs,  lait  ►holt 
li'^'«,  witli  a  shiliit't'  lu'urlv  or  i|uitc  ei|ual  totlic  Kuro|ifan.  'M'i'\ 
arc  nomadic  in  their  haliit-*,  and  ruIisImI  on  niiinud  tbo4l,  derived 
eliietly  from  tlii'ir  llneks  and  lierds.  'lliey  liavc a  written  lan^uap', 
Imt  their  literature  is  limited  mid  mostly  reli|;ious  ;  the  Kiiiiie 
lan);iiiigu  is  s|Hil,en  hv  all  the  Irilies,  with  sli^'ht  vi,riati(His,  unil 
only  H  smiill  admixliire  of  foreign  words.  Most  ot  the  aeedinils 
l';uro|i(iiiis  |ios-eS'"  ol  their  ori^'in,  tlieir  wars,  and  their  liahits, 
weri'  written  hy  foreijjners  liviiiL'  "f  traxellin;;  ainoiii:  tliein  ;  tail 
thev  tlieiii  clvi's,  .Ts  Ai'l'ulioeh  remarks,  kii'w  iis  little  of  these 
tliin(;s  as  nits  or  marmots  do  ol  tlieir  di-ei  lit  'I  lie  tiite  ot  the 
vast  swaniis  of  this  laee  wliieli  linve  di  ^rei  did  Iroin  the  tiihle 
kinds  of  Central  y^sni,  and  ovrirnn  the  pi  liiis  of  India,  China, 
Syria.  I' t^ypt,  iiml  Knstrrn  I' iiroi  e  in  ditii  rent  apes,  and  the  rise 
mid  full  of  the  jjipintie  empire  tliey  themselves  eieeti-d  mid*-r  tliii 
(ienj;liis  in  the  ehventli  iind  IweltMi  eentnriis,  ale  ainoii);  the 
most,  reimirkalile  epis.,des  in  the  wmld's  hist.  ry.  They  have 
alwa\s  maintained  tiie  siinie  eli;inii'ter  in  tlieir  ii:iti\e  uildtt,  and 
t  heir  eon(|iiests  have  In  i  n  rxtei  miiiiit  ion<  tiii  hii  t  hun  snhjn^ations. 
'I'lie  iiuniher  of  pelly  tr.lM'sand  liimilies  ..t  iliis  riiee  within  the 
limits '.f  the  Chinese  einpire  is  not  Kiioxmi.  In  Inner  .M(inu..|i:i, 
tliere  are  twent\ -four  iintitiA:i,  or  trihes.  arianped  ninl.  r  six 
fhiilktDm.  In  ( lie er  .Mongolia,  the  Kiilkas  are  L'overned  liy  four 
khiilis.     The  Ortons,  Tsiikhars,    Kieiillis,  and    Korlehin,  are   the 

largest  triU's     m  xi    to   the    Kail.  is.     'I'he   T t'otlis,    llorsoits, 

(  horos,  and  Kho'ts,  are  an  Hill,  the  trihes  dwelling'  in  Koko-nor. 
In  111,  the  MiiiiLrels  are  mixed  n]i  with  mid  siiliordiiiiite  to  tiihes 
of  tiirki^h  ori|;in  .  the  loinier  are  inosllv  Ituddhisis,  while  the 
hitter    are  hipited  Mnlianimadiins 

.\eoordinj;  to  Ahul^razi  Itayadiir  Khan,  who  w;is  himself  a 
deseendmil  of  /iii);his  Khan,  c.  minnnli  called  (ieii^diis,  Alaiiza 
Khan,  who  was  the  sixth  in  descent  fioiii  ,laphet,  had 
twin  sons,  one  callid  'hilar,  from  win  ni  dcsi'emled  the 
'I'arlars,  and  llie  other  Muii);e,  '  the  sorrowful  or  nioriise," 
whence  the  .Moguls  iir  Mon^-ols,  holh  h\  corruption.  (lli.\l,ii: e 
(irnrn'ot/iquf  i/r.v  Titlttrx  tniiiuiff  ilii  niiuiuarnt  Tntnre 
trAltit^iiazi  liitt/intur  Kfimt.  Ko.  I.eulen,  172li,  ]i.  23  ft  .vy.) 
Ill  our  own  times  the  Mongolians  of  the  Kast  pri'sent  some 
■narked  features  of  distinction  from  those  ot  the  West.  The  one 
live  in  towns  and  fixed  dwi  llinjrs,  the  olln  rs  me  nomiidea.  They 
dill'cr  also  in  tlieir  Iini;n.i).'e  and  rehi.'ion,  and  in  their  hahits, 
manners,  dress,  mid  iipp,  araiiee  The  Mon(;ols  jiroiHT  are 
divided  into  three  great  nations;  the  Tshakar,  Khalklias,  and 
Suniiit,  the  Western  Mo'igols  into  Kalmuks.  Iliishkirs,  lluriats, 
and  other  roving  t lilies.  Hesidcs  the  twenty  lour,  or,  according 
to  some,  twenty-six,  Aiinaks  in  the  former,  with  their  liereditury 
princes  and  fourdrcHt  Khans,  there  are  nnnieioustrilies  of  greater 
or  less  ]iower  and  importance,  as  ahove  noticid,  hill  the  lelationa 
of  which  hiive  not  lieeii  aeciiralely  determined.  The  hest 
authorities,  Ahiilgn/.i,  I.eyih'ii  in  the  Memoirs  of  llaher,  I'alliiK, 
Klaproth,  Kitter  ill  the  "  Krdliindc  von  Asieii,"  and  lliillman, 
"(iesiclite  des  Mongolcii,"  arc  all  agreed,  however— notwithstand- 
ing tlie  eonfiision  that  has  so  long  prevaiU'd  with  regard  to  the 
Turkish  and  Tartar  and  the  Mongolian  races  -as  to  these  primary 
distinctions,  more  especially  as  re;:ards  the  .Mongolians,  as 
diBtingnished  from  the  other  riiranian  races,  whether  Tnngiuian, 
Hyperborean,  Chinese  or  Thihetiaii. 


108 


ALL  RUUND 


I 


It 


Wwt."  Ah  for  tlicw^  Kin,  tlicy  liml  in  tiiiii's  of  yon- 
betiii  cnllrd  Xiniilr/ii,  iinil  livfil  on  tlic  liaiiks  of  llii' 
){liu.'k  DniK'"'  I'ivrrs  {llihhnuj  KriiiKj),  Imviiin  fn^iii 
aiiiiiliir  iiiotivcN,  ami  in  u  similar  niannrr  with  the 
Mon^jol.s,  rcniovnl  from  tlu-  South.  'I'lu'ri'  tlicy  lirst 
ovcrtlirrw  tilt!  KHtniM,  a  Tartar  iionlr,  who  hiiil  for 
many  years  ilictatcd  hiWH  to  China  ;  Imt  were  siir|iri.sci| 
that  tlii'ir  h-ss  civilised  hrcthrcn  wiKlicd  to  imilatf  thrir 
(■xiini|ilc.  Tin-  Chinorto  at  fii-st  rojoiicd  at  thfir  doughty 
deeds,  and  .sent  thcni  presents  and  exhortations  to  |ier- 
novere;  hnt  tint  Kin,  without  further  dispuie,  took 
[io.s.so.ssion  of  all  the  ti'rritorj'  to  the  north  of  llwau;;  ho, 
nnd  the  river  llwoc,  and  then  made  arran<;iinents  with 
the  KeUiiis,  that,  to  Jirevent  further  tinhliuK.  I'iieli 
shuidd  keep  as  much  of  the  Chinese  territory  as  they 
could  dofund.  Thus  wiis  ono-tiiird  oft  'hina,  ooni|insinj,' 
most  of  the  northern  province.s,  Iloii|iih,  .Khan  turi<;. 
Shansi,  8hen-si,  llonan,  all  under  the  rule  of  harharian.s. 
They  had  lieen  in  ipiiet  ]ios.session  oftlie.se  fertile  traets 
for  ahoiit  a  century,  nnd  had  given  up  the  idea  of 
ceding  them  to  anyb<Mly,  for  they  lived  upon  their 
manoi-a — as  comfortably  as  diil  the  Mantihous,  until 
within  the  last  ten  yeai-s — when  lo  1  the  .Mongols  put 
in  a  word,  to  claim  an  eipial  right  to  the  booty.  At 
that  time  the  terrible  (Jeii'  '■,  was  the  Mongul  chief, 
an<l  as  this  I:  'vo  thought  ,  .i)|ier  to  claim  the  whole 
g|ol)o  as  his  rightful  pos.sessii>n  by  the  dei  ices  of  heaven, 
he  naturally  included  idso  the  Kin  monarchy.  The 
veterans  of  the  desert  appeared — :ini|  within  a  few 
years  all  northern  China  lay  prostrate  before  them. 

The  Chinese  lived  at  that  time  luuler^a  line  of 
princes,  who  hy  tln'ir  ill  suciess  against  the  Kin  had 
lost  all  courage  and  inllucnce.  A  Milling  thenisclvi's  of 
this  tine  opportunity  for  |iiiiiisliing  their  hated  enemies, 
they  concluded  an  alliiince  with  tlii'  Mongols,  expecting, 
when  the  coninion  enemy  w:is  v:iiii|iiislied,  to  shuie  the 
spoil.  Hut  (ieiighis  had  no  such  intention—  his  wsus 
the  lion's  share.  The  Chinese,  liv  way  of  making  sure, 
took  pos.session  of  the  most  iiiipoit.int  fortresses  to  the 
south  of  the  Yellow  l!i\er.  Thi.s,  though  patriotic  on 
their  part,  did  not  suit,  the  disposition  of  the  Mongols, 
who  regarded  it  as  an  act  of  treachery.  The  lartars 
deelareil  war,  and  the  stnigg'c  l.i.-tcd  fidiii  12.'il  to 
lw7D;  when  it  tcrminaled  in  the  sulimission  of  ijii- 
(/'liinese  toKiiblai  (or  Koiiliilai)  Khan  as  their  eiiipci'or.' 


'  It  may  not  Im>  iiiiiiitiTi'stiii;;  In  ro  tc);;ivi'  .\liirru  Pull's  iu'cunit 
of  Kiililai  I  ''1111  ami  liis  n\\\v  ul'  wiirfiire.  ".V  c<  rtiiiii  cliirt', 
iiuiiieil  Niivaii,  wiin,  iilllii>ii);h  <iiily  tliirly  years  nt  ntii',  was  uiii'!i' 
t(i  Kiilihii,  liail  siiivecili'il  t<i  tlii'  (Imiiiniiiii  of  iii:iiiy  liiiis  ami  prn. 
vinoeo,  which  uiihIiIiiI  liini  tn  Iniu;;  liitn  tlu'  liiM  mi  army  of 
AtlO.OlH)  liorsc.  Ilin  jiridcri-ssors,  hnwcver,  had  Ih-cii  va.vsaU  ot' 
the  ^rout  Khan.  Aitiiiili'il  liy  yoiithliil  vanity.  ii|iciii  timliii); 
hiiiiM'Uat  the  heati  iit'  hh  ;;reat  a  force,  lie  I'oriiird,  in  the  year 
l2H(i,  tlllMlusi^'ll  i>rtlin>\viii|;  oil' liis  allivianiv,  unci  usurp  ii);  tin- 
K-ivereiunty.  Willi  thinvii-w,  lie  privately  irH|)airh<'il  ines.'o-n^ers 
to  Kaiilu,  another  imwert'iil  chit  C  \vlios4!  territorit's  lay  t<)war»ls 
the  greater  Tartary  ( liirkistaiil,  ami  u  ho,  altlioU),'li  a  iie|ila'H  of 
the  liraiiil  l\h:iii,  was  in  rehcllioii  apiirist  him.  An  mhiii  as 
Kiihlai  liiul  reci'iviil  iiolire  of  this,  he  collirtcd  Iltiil.lHMI  horx', 
ami  lIKI.IHH)  foot,  cou-isl  u^joC  thoM'  imliviiliials  u  i.o  were  usuullv 
alniut  luH  iKTSiiii,  ami  principally  his  falconers  ami  iloinestic  8<  r- 
vants  (he  niiisl  have  hail  a  );n'at  many).  Hill  this  was  not  liis 
whole  army  ;  many  thousanil  .Monu'ols,  scattenil  Ihroinjliout  the 
provincivK,  were  n.it  only  inaintHini'il  from  the  pay  they  rwi'lviil 
from  the  inipi'rial  treasury,  lint  also  from  I  lie  cattle  anil  their 
milk.  Knlilai  reaihcd  wilhiii  tHeiity-tive  days  thi' minp  of  liis 
enemy:  he  cullisl  his  astrologom  t<)  asi'ertain,  liy  virtue  of  their 
art,  and  to  declare  in  presence  of  their  whole  army,  lo  which  .side 
victory  would  incline,  Tliey  niwcndeil  the  hill  witli'alaerily  which 
repnmt<'d  them  from  their  enemy,  who  was  nrirliu'enlly  |»mleil. 
In   front  of  each   liuttalion  uf  liorst   were  placed   OOtJ  iiil'anlry. 


THB  WORLD. 

The  M<ingols  had  thus  arrived  at  the  goal  of  their 
wishes;  and  they  imw  commenced  sleeping  on  their 
laurels,  u  the  .Maiitciius  have  done,  whilst  they  very 
rapaciously  appiopriii ted  to  themselves  the  hard-earned 
pos.sessionH  of  the  Chinese.  'J'hese  at  first,  seeing  no 
alternative,  ipiietly  submitted  ;  but,  in  course  of  time, 
Chinese  eyes,  though  small,  being  piercing,  they  saw 
that  their  masters,  the  Mongols,  being  (piite  out  <if 
their  element,  were  getting  stiipiil  and  weary,  and,  one 
generation  after  another,  ell'emiiiate.  They  therefore 
began  to  part  with  their  chattels  not  without  grumbling; 
and  imagining  that  the  Mongols  of  their  day,  like  the 
"men  of  the  eight  standards "  at  present,  were  not 
likely  iigiin  to  light  over  the  battles  of  their  ancestors, 
watched  for  an  opportunity  to  show  how  much  they 
despi.scd  their  insolent  lords. 


CHINESE    LADY. 

Kight  Mongol  emperors  had  sat  upon  tli.-  lliidtic,  and 
the  last  of  the  race.  Toll  wan  Teiiiur,  or  Shun  te,  a  boy 
of  thirteen,  now  asccniled  it.  He  was  very  timid,  ami 
de\oid  of  tah'iit  ;  women  reigned  at  couit  ;  ministers 
did  as  they  jileased  ;  and  eunuchs  arranged  and  de- 
ranged everything.  I'.iit  all  wuiilil  not  go  right — 
omens,  earthipiakes,  .a  rain  of  bloody  hail,  and  sundry 
other  poteiit.s   of  no  gocal  succcimIciI  each  other.      Then 


arineil  with  short  lances  [ind  sworils,  who.  whenever  the  cavalry 
loade  a  show  of  IliL-hl,  wen'  practised  to  mount  iM-hiiid  their 
rid.rs,  and  accoinpany  llieiii,  aii);liliii);  a^ain  wluii  they  returned 
to  the  I'liarKu,  and  U  lliii^'  with  tlieir  lalici  s  the  liorsis  of  lliu 
eiiiniy.  As  soon  as  the  hat  lie  was  arranp  d,  an  iiitinitF  iiiiiiiIht 
of  wind  iiislriiinents  of  various  kinds  were  .soiiiidisl,  and  those 
were  succei'ded  hy  s.  iif;...  according  to  the  euslom  of  the  Tartars 
hefore  Ihey  eimane  in  lij;ht.  'I  he  order  for  li^rhlmjr  ««»  Biveii ; 
a  hlooily  conllict  he^'an  ;  a  cloud  uf  arnws  |)ouiiil  ihiwii  on  every 
side,  and  then  the  hostile  parties  eni.'ai.''il  in  clo^c  eouihat.  with 
lances,  snords,  and  maces  shod  with  iron.  Nayan's  forces  were 
devoted  to  their  niasliT,  and  rather  ih.  se  to  me.  t  death  than 
to  turn  their  liai'k  U|hiii  tlio  enemy.  Nayaii  was  made  prisoner, 
ami  slialon  Is'twii'ii  two  earin-ls  until  ilie  spirit  had  depnrtisl 
from  him.  The  inolive  f.ir  this  picnliar  sentence  heinu,  ihal  the 
sun  and  the  air  slioulil  not  witness  tin' sheddiii);  ol  llie  lilcssl  uf 
one  who  lH'l..n>.'ed  to  Ihe  iin|H'riai  family.  The  trcB.ps  which  sur- 
vivcil  swore  alleyiame  to  Kiililai.  Aitcr  th's  signal  victory  ho 
returned  lu  Kainlulu." 


CHINA,  COCUIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


too 


ngtkin  RoniR  priiii-c  of  tin*  lildod,  tliiiikiiiK  lie-  li;ii|  u  | 

^'I'OlltlT  ri);llt    to  till'  I'nVal   illiulrlll,    nil|s|ii|i'i|    itllil  t'M'll 
stnniliMl  tilt)  |iiilai'i'.       ISilt    tlii'H'   iilti'lii|ilM   liiilcil.      Tllc  ; 
I'liiliri'KH  (laii;.'litt'i'.  nil  iii'i'iHiijilii'i'.  f'urli'iii'il  lin  lid';  anil 
tilt"  liii\ -cmiii'i'iir  jiirti'iriii;;.  likr  nil  Imys,  play  t«  busi- 
ricsH,  Ipl't  i'\rrytliiii;{  In  liis  t'liiiiulis.  j 

Snirct'lv  liail  In-  I'lilcrril  liin  I'tli  yi-ar,  liitviii^  titkun 
one  of    liiM  I'atlu'i'.-t  wiilowM   to   wiCi-,  iiiiil   t'orri'il    tin'  : 
iMi|H'rial  prini't'ssi's  into  his  lian'Mi   (sjiys  lliis  vcnuious 
liistoiy,)   wlicn    insurgi'nts,'    in    four    ilitli'irnt    plai'cs, 
without    liciiis;  oonncrtt'il    with   carli    othrr,    siniulta- 
nconsly    iiroclainicii     tlii'ir    intrntion    to   Hiilivcrt    tin' 
n'ii;nin;{   ilyiia.'*ty.       Two  of  iIii'm'   arose  in  tin-   pro- 
viiu'o  of  Kwanytun;;  ;  liiit,  as  this  wa.s  at  a  vrry  n'"''!»t  ' 
ilistani'f  from  the  capital,  (as  far,  in  fart,  as  from  Kiliii-  i 
Imrfjli  to  Mailriil.)  llio  Kni]M'ror  rari'il  as  littln  aliniit  it  i 
as  till'  latr  Taon  kwini;  iiscil.      Matti'i's  wcri',  howi'vcr, 
ilisinsst'il  in   council,  anil  one  ninoii;.'st  the   niinistcrs 
ilcclatcd,  that  tlicM'  revolts  oUi;ht  to  lie  ascrilieii  to  Ihr 
avarice  of  the  .Moii;,'iil    ollicers,  who  Ininleneil  tlie   mi- 
liappy  people  lieyoiiil  rniliii'ahce.     This   was  a  honiely  • 
truth  the  yoinii;  prince  coiilil  not  ilii^est       At  a  piililic  ; 
anilience,  he  therefore  aihln  -..eil  hi-  niinislers,  sayiiij^,  ' 
'' i  liave  lieeii    (ive  years  on   the   ihrone,  ami   perceive 
•li.it  the  j;o\ernnienl  is  in  a  state  ot'  lonfiision,  so  that 
I    am    restless   liay   aiel   iii^ht,   ami   can    never  enjoy 
myself      I  ask,  my  loiijs,   whether  you  cannot  prepare 
for  me  any  sjitisfactury  pistnne  (" 

Dneof  those  present,  calleil  Sat  im,  specdilv  answereil, 
'•  I.,et  us  enjoy  life,  carouse  and  drink,  and  you  may 
make  siiro  of  real  mirth  "  i!iit  another  statesman 
present,  advised  tho  ompernr  to  put  to  (h'ath  the 
insidious  counsellor,  auil  ipioted  .several  instances 
where  love  of  ]ilea>ure  had  accelerated  the  ruin  of 
princes.  This  heinu'  uiidi'iiialile,  the  princo  wished  to 
I'e-tiiw  valualile  pre.senis  on  the  speaker  ;  hut  he  re- 
tiised  them  all.  sayins;.  that  his  only  icvvard  was  to  do 
his  duty,  (inatly  conti'iil  with  the  issue  of  his  adnm 
nitiiiii,  the  fiithfiil  minister  rejniced  in  the  unenvialile 
fill  wf  his  eiieiiiy,  when  some  iiiitnreseen  circumstances 
di'rani,'ed  the  «  hole  plan.  A  creituri'  of  Sat  iin,  the 
depraved  i-i'intier.  had  on  the  s;inn^  day  collected  a 
comp;iiiy  of  mo>t  lii'aiil  il'iil  |>lay-acti'es.ses,  and  was  just 
wendiiijj  his  way  tow.irds  the  jialace,  when  he  met 
Sat-un,  with  cloudi'il  Imnv  ami  a  liHik  licspeakin;;  dis- 
tress of  mind.  He  immediately  en;,'ayeil  himself  tu 
settle  the  s\iliject  of  his  nnister's  uneasiness,  went  u:. del 
the  windiiws  of  the  harem,  and  presented  to  the  asito- 
nished  queens  his  cirrU'iji;.  From  this  moment,  the 
prince's  mini  wa.s  clian;;eil  ;  and  ns  soon  itH  lu-  had 
^'iveii  audience,  he  immedi.itcly  repaired  to  tho  inner 
apartment,  and  there s|)ont  >hiy  and  night  in  witnessing 
jilays. 


'  "  Roliliors,"  says  Dr.  Newman,  in  his  "  Translation  of  tin' 
History  i^'(  the  ChtiieM'  Pinites,*"  '*  un'  inisuiivKstiil  niiKHUTors. 
It'  the  foiiiidiT  111'  tlu'  .Man;  ilynii..ly  liml  failed  in  liis  relH'llion 
MpiinsI  the  .Miin^eU,  histeri  umilil  li:ive  nilleil  liini  a  mIiIht  :  iiinl 
ifiiiiy  eiieiit'the  variniis  ruhlier  rliiel's  wlm  in  ttie  i'()ur!*e  nt' the  twn 
last  centuries  iiiinle  war  ii^.iitiitt  the  rei^nin^'  Mtuileliu  hail  over- 
'hrowiilln'ifcivernnieiitor  ih''ro-i'ii.'ners,thi'i>tlieiiiI  liislnriojtr.iphers 
ottlie'  Middle  Kiniiiri' '  wmild  hav,- called  him  the  f'art'iimi'tl  illun- 
.V/uu*  fW^r  lather  nl' thf  new  dynasty.  Tlie  Iriiit  of  lalmar  is  tixi 
often  taken  out  of  their  hands,  justice  sold  ti)rinoni'y,and  nothiiii; 
issjile  from  their  r.ipa.ioiis  and  liiMirioiis  masters.  IN'ople  arist-tn 
opjHise  and  act  according  to  the  philosophical  principles  of  liiiman 
nofiety,  with  111  any  elnir  idea  alKint  them.  Kolilnrs  and  I'inites 
lire,  in  fact,  the  op|Kisitii>n  party  in  the  des|K>tieal  empires  of  the 
Kast ;  and  their  histv.rj  \a  far  more  interesting  limn  that  of  the 
reigning  despot." 


On  a  certain  iiii^ht  he  fell  weary  on  hiitcoiinh,  and 
then  dreamt  tint  wasps  and  ants  tilled  the  liareiii. 
Having  ordered  his  attendants  to  sweep  (he  h  ill,  tlierii 
started  from  the  south  a  man  drcs.sed  in  purple,  who 
lioreon  his  left  shoulder  the  si'.;n  of  the  siiii.  and  on  ||i^4 
y\h\\\  the  moon  ;  in  his  hainl  he  held  a  liesnin,  and  soon 
swept  the  whole  clear.  The  emperor  li.isl  ily  aski'd, 
"  Who  are  you  ("  The  straiioer  did  not  iiiiswer,  liul 
drew  his  sw'ord,  ami  made  towards  the  emperor,  who 
wishini;  to  a\oiil  him,  endeavnurcil  to  run  nut  ol'  the 
palace,  the  iliior  of  which  the  m.in  cl.id  in  piirph'  ininic- 
dialely  closed.  The  alaiincd  mniiarch  called  aloud  lor 
the  assistance  of  his  s.ixatits,  and  then  awoke 

This  dream,  as  aflerw.ii'ds  appe.ii'ed,  had  reference 
to  lii.s  successor.  His  mijesty  was  just  relalin^j  the 
curious  vision  to  his  ileir  spoii.se,  when  on  a  sudden  a 
tremendous  crash,  reseiulilino  ii  clap  of  thuinler,  w.i.i 
heard.  The  .sool hsaM'rs  were  at  the  moment  inter- 
pi'eting  what  the  s.iid  driaiii  mioht  siouify,  and  all  ^.» 
one  man  ran  to  use  riaiii  the  cause  of  this  noise.  'I  lie\ 
loiiiid  that  a  wini;  of  th"  palace  had  filleii  in.  and  that, 
under  it,  was  to  he  seen  a  deep  civern,  from  wlninn 
rose  a  lilack  vapour.  Anxious  to  a.scerlain  what  (his 
niiolit  lead  to,  the  emperor  caused  a  criminal,  under 
sentence  of  death,  to  lie  let  down,  who  liroiioht  up  a 
stone  talih'l,  upon  which,  in  the  oliseure  lalii;uao'  of  a 
S\  liil,  a  Kinldeii  revolution  comini^  liom  ihesnuth  west, 
and  tin?  expulsion  of  the  Mmhoi.Is,  were  linclold. 
Nohody,  however,  would  under>iaiiil  the  meaning  of 
it  this  way  ;  hut  the  courtiers  suggested  it  migli"  lie 
ni'ce.s.s;iry  to  change  the  name  of  the  reign,  as  th.it 
Would,  at  once,  settle  the  matter.  In  the  meanwhile 
the  chasm  had  closed,  and  the  infatuated  monarch  lmm' 
himself  up  to  the  siiperstili.iiis  ri(csol'  iiinldhist  prie.s(s, 
ami  the  iiio-t  inl'ainoii-,  deliaiiclieries.  in.iccessilile  to 
all  liut  the  companions  of  his  vices,  the  ^"Veiiiment  of 
so  vast  an  em|iire  was  entirely  iie;;lci'fed  hy  him,  and 
whilst  roliliers  traversed  I  he  land  with  iinpiiiiity,  the 
most  dreadful  scourges  from  on  hii^h  alllicted  the 
siilfering  nation.  All  was  ripe  lor  icvolt  ;  a  leader 
only  was  wanting 

Let  us  leave  the  ]ialace  for  a  while,  and  descend  to 
a  temple.  In  Keaii^' sii  there  is  a  place  called  Tiin- 
yung  fu,  and  in  its  nelghliourhood  a  small  town  named 
Chung  le  lung  Keing.  Close  to  this  is  a  romantic 
temple,  where  a  nuuilier  of  fat  liuihlhisl  priestsenjoyed 
their  indolent  life.  One  cold  winter's  day  the  aliliot 
as.senil>leil  all  his  hrethren,  ami  told  them  that  In- 
wished  to  spend  the  evening  in  conteinplaiioii,  aiul 
therefoie  must  not  lie  ilistiirhed.  He  suddenly  found 
himself  transported  to  the  elysitim  of  , ill  the  idols  lip 
woi-ship|)ed,  and  there  was  open  court  held.  The 
general  conversation  of  the  ;;ods  ret'ctred  to  the  troubles 
which  then  distlirlied  the  empire,  and  they  were 
unanimously  of  ojiinion  that  a  saye  o'^^ht  to  lie  liorn 
in  order  to  set  matters  to  rights  ;  hut  thoiii;lit  it  best 
that  some  worthy  of  a  former  glurimis  ,ige  slnaild  aj^ain 
hi'  born  of  ,'i  virtuous  woman,  liut  those  good  kings 
of  old,  liavino  in  the  interval  been  metamorphosed  into 
stars,-  tlit^y  dul  not  relish  the  proposed  change  as  far  as 


'  "  It  is  a  coininon  opinion  amiaij;^  the  ('tiine>e,"*  says  a  writer 
in  the  Vissivnurtf  ileratii.  l.S.'iii,  "that  the  recions  of  the  dead 
are  placed  under  the  government  of  a  single  iiidividud.  who  acts 
as  erimiual  juilvre,  anil  punishes  the  soul  aeronlin^  to  ils  sins  in 
this  life.  Kor  this  pur[iose  lie  is  said  to  have  eiiihti'eii  plaeis  of 
punislnnt-nt,  each  varyinj;  in  intensity  according  to  the  desire  oi 
the  |.'uill  of  those  who  are  eonsij;ned  to  tliein.  The  t'lnnese 
divide  Ike  universe  into  three  divisions,  the  first  including  the 


no 


ALL    HOUND  THE   WORLD. 


t'lsr 


I     ! 


ilie^  wi'n>  (•Diiconipd.      Tlioirsilcni'i"  avjiilcil  tn  liindcr 

h\\  tllcotlicr  (•rl|I.^U!lllltinll,^  t'nilil  iH'iM'|it  ilii{  tlic  plnlU'ri'il 
hiiiiiiiir,  until  two  litlli'  ]HTiiig  .st.iis  (uf  wljjrli  we  dn 
not  know  oxiu'tly  tlif  niuni's  in  Knj,'li>li,  Imt  tlicy  k('i'|i 
their  I'c.urt  Honii'wiirri'  in  tlii<  ncigliliiiiirliooil  of  tlic 
(Jrciit  Hear),  aftt'r  niiuli  wii;;j{linj,'  imd  inyncsH,  took 
the  Sun  nnil  Moon  ^'cnlly  in  thiir  hunds,  and  putlink; 
thrni  tojfi'thiT,  itgrri'd  thiit  thr  niinit!  of  the  ni'w 
dyniistvKhonlcl  lio  Mint/ — •'  ltii),'hlnL'SM  "  (fiirincd  liy  thr 
two  ('liinoKi' rhiinicti'i's  rrjirfHcntinK  tht'  Sini  and  Moon 
lit'ing  uiiitt'd)  iind  tlmt  one  of  thi'  Inminarii'.-i  .shoiilil 
Luconio  enipcror  and  iIik  othrr  liis  consoit,  (thiit  i'^,  thi' 
mule  and  ftMindi'  prinriplcs  of  ihi'  l)iialisMi,  )'('/(  and  )'(/";/, 
should  rule  the  world  in  liylitronsncss).'     This  hcinn 


lowpr  rcRinn!!,  tho  looond  ttio  prcHrnt  «iirl(l,  mid  llm  third  tlic 
UJipi'l' rctfldiiH,  i>r  tlic  dwelling,' pliKi'  nt  llii'  H'oU  crlcHtiiil.  Tin' 
iidiitliitiiiitH  iif  till'  tir^t  ui'i'  I'lillcd  ktriiii,  '»|iiril«'  or  '  ^rliost*,'  iiiul 
tlinsf  of  tile  third  art' calli'd  .vA/h,  'c'I'Ii*.*  hi  rfsp*'i't  t(i  tli**^'r»//, 
it  iH  Hii|i|miii>>l  tluit  Kiiiiio  (liHo'iid  ill  I  III  midc  of  iiiiiniid  ixixtt'iici', 
uiid  ai^  Ixirii  hriitcH ;  t>oiii>>  contiiiiii'  in  u  Ht'piirutc  Mtiitr,  in  tlit*  I 
fiirni  of  hiiii);ry  mid  tiiini:<liiii);  i;liii»ls;  sonii'  iirv  iipiiii  Imrii  in  n 

hunnin  I'lirni ;  wliilc  I'lH-  ri»i'   in   tlm  sciilc  cif  liciiii;  mid   Iki r 

'ifiHlii.'  lloiHV  I  lie  pnu'tii'i'  (il'prr-i'iilini,'  iiU'irinL'H  '>(  \<«A  lo  iIm' 
dead,  which  privails  80  iiiiivcrodly  anmnij  tlic  Cliiiiciii',  'I'liin  is 
dune  I'nr  tlic  U'lictit  of  tlic  'Hpiiils'  uf  the  dead,  and  tii  picvcnt 
tlicni  from  Aimf  iniiiry  tu  llic  living'. 

"  Aivordiii^;  In  the  ('liinc»c,  llic  llinc  mini*  and  seven  npirll"  of 
each  indivldiud  .irc  uiicicalcd  ;  and  lliiiiiuh  Kcpiirated  fiiiiii  the 
b<xly  at  death,  tliey  may  ii;,'iiiihc  collccicil, ami  eon^titiite  anntlicr 
person,  when  they  will  liwc  all  'onsciniiHiirsi  of  a  former  hie. 
TliUM  the  Chinese  acknimlcdu'e  no  I'rcainr  as  the  aiithnr  of  tHcii- 
existei'cc;  and,  ciiiisei)iieiitK,  they  rccngnise  mo  uhli(;iition  or 
duties  to  such  a  Heinj;.  " 

•This  is  the  j;re.it  nictaplivsie.il  mystery  nf  tin'  ChinC'ie  reliniiii 
First,  they  iiiin).'i'.ic  matter  — tlio  llrsi  materiid  principle  — this  lli  y 
call  ttii-i'ih,  and  hy  the  o|H'ratinn  of  this  n|Min  itsdfi!)  it  evol.es  ' 
tho  dual  powcm,  )Vn  am!  i'aiii;,     Tai  keih  is  di  .'-ci  il»  d  as  "  the 
Hrst  link  in  the  chain  of  ciiii.sis"  — the  extreme  limit  -  tlie  root  , 
and    i^irin^'   of  all  principle  and    exisli'iiee,  hut    witlinut    pimir, 
wittdiMii,  jiisliee,  or  piXMiuesji.     Tlie  iintfiun  nf  Tai-keili  ^'em-ratcs  | 
(they  say  1  a  mitxtvfine  power,  l'(i»/  (''  li^ht  and  perfi  ctiuii  *  )  ;   the  I 
rest  of  Tiii-keih  (iiiuinatcs  a  Jemiiiine  power,    IVm  ("  darkness  or  I 
imperfection'  ).     From  these  two  are  derived  I  StriiiK/,  or  ima);cs 
of  thing's  iHitli  phxsieal  anil  nioial.      ihcse  I  Smiii/  niilliplieil  liy 
2  produce  H  A'lCr/,  or  lineal  ilia^rrams (I)  of  l-'ohi ;  mltl   tlioe,  in 
their  ever-varyiii),'  existence,  are  the  ima);es,  symlsils,  or  eiiihlem- 
of  all  eiistences,  stales,  character'*,  and  cireuiiistiini'e.s.     The  jusl 
proportions  of  Viii  and  Yaii^  produce  harmiaiy  in  the  universe  and 
virtue  in  the  human  .system  :  execs.,  in  either  produces  discmd.       | 

The  alternating;  circulation  of  motion  and  rist  iiroilmc  }V//,  ; 
"clmnjje."  Tliis  imtHitii  and  rful  iniist  have  a  V/c.  "priiniple  of 
order,"  by  which  they  move  and  rest.  Deyiaid  Taikeih  there  is 
nothiut::  one  writer  calls  it  "the  utmost  limit  in  the  midst  of 
illiniilahleness,'*  by  vUiii'h  he  was  hcheveil  to  express  "that  in  the 
midst  of  nonentity  there  existed  an  inlinite  J-e  "  (').  ihe  J.r  is 
called  illimituble  by  its  bein^  imposs.ble  to  repi'tseiit  it  by  any  1 
figure  "  beeanse  it  was  unti'cedcnt  to  iiothiii(;iiess "  (!),  and 
further,  "  subject  to  existences,  as  it  always  has  iH'ing"  (I). 

i'liny  is  explained  to  mean  ihe  centre  or  midi//*  —  licnevolence 
and  excitement  —and  hy  these  the  Tai-kiih  oiierates  :  ruri-lousiieiix, 
r'()hleousuet.s,  and  j////ii;.v,T  coiistitnie  I'i'n,  and  hy  these  the  sub- 
stance of  the  Taekeih  is  established.  These  six  arc  blended,  and 
form  one  complete  siilistanee  or  Ixxly,  but  rest  is  always  chief 
lord  :  and  man  is  hy  these  estahlislied:  and  heaven,  earth,  sun, 
mxin,  and  the  seasons  :  also  demons  and  ^'ixU  are  thus  re^jutated 
by  a  power  which  they  cannot  oppose. 

The  (;o<h1  man,  by  caution,  and  care,  iiml  fear,  cultivates  respect 
for  these  principles  of  nature  :  the  had  man,  by  carelessness, 
depravity,  and  extrav.tganei',  ojuxises  them,  and  is  involved  In 
calamity. 

There  is  another  principle  opiK)»ite  to  Le,  "cause,"  viz.,  A>, 
the  grosser  substances  of  existence,  —  natter  — as  "form  and 
substance."  Two  singular  expressions  of  Chinese  metaphysics 
may  be  quoted.  "  In  the  )'«'i.7  principle,  hardness  and  Ix'iievo- 
lence  go  together.  In  the  i'm  princijile,  soltni'ss  anil  riqiiteout- 
nrtl  are  conjoined,"  and  "  Heaven,  earth,  and  man  have  each  a 
I'at-knh  ;~h\ii  the  three  Keih  au'  really  only  one  Taekeih." 
This  is  from  the   3rd   buuk  uf   the   Yih-king,  cuutaiulug   the 


iiiitilii'il.  they  aiji'ci'd  to  tiike,  in  tho  r<intli  niiintli  of  thr 
next  year,  tlii'lr  di'|iiirtiiri'  to  tho  onith.  I'lio  gnind 
i|ui'stion  wiM  now  to  Iind  out  a  family  worthy  to  liriiiK 
this  th'w  Kovcri'ion  into  the  world.  This  cau.srd 
atna/.iiiy  tronlilc  ;  since  only  In  strrlinjj  virtue  of 
srvoral  grni'i'iitioiiH'  I'liduruin')'  would  the  honour  lie 
awai'ih'd.  In  the  nir.mw  Idle  thr  ontralii'i'd  priest  wa.i 
sent  all  "lit  his  liiisini'ss  ;  and  found,  on  awaki'irin^',  that 
ho  was  lying  on  a  iiai'd  oold  coiirh.  in  a  I'lmtn  very 
dilli'i'i'iit  frojii  till'  Missful  regions  w  hii'li  ho  had  just 
lift.  Ih'ing,  Iniwi'Vi'i'.  of  a  very  ini|iii^ili\e  ea.st  of 
iiiind,  he  ri-gi'i'ttid  imt  having  inipiired  the  names  of 
the  peo|i|e  wliu  Were  to  proiliu'e  the  fill  lire  august 
pi  rMiiiiiges.  and  deterniinrd,  in  order  to  get  at  the 
.sirret  at  oni'o,  to  transport  liim-i'lf  l>y  rigid  iilistraetiou 
(whicli  is  done  liy  looking  sli  adily  at  one's  navel)-'  to 
the  idols'  court.  'I'lieie  lie  was  told  that  heaven'.s 
dei'iees  must  Hot  he  liitrayed,  and  that  he  must  wait 
with  palii'iii'e  until  they  were  exeiiited. 

Time  NjH'd  on,  atul  the  old  aldiot  had  nearly  for){(itten 
the  vision,  when  on  a  sudden  he  was  informed  that 
the  true  "hoaveti's  son"  had  now  eonie.  Atixiously 
he  looked  out  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  iM'iir  to  which  he 
was  standing,  to  perceive  this  wondertnl  Jiersonage  ; 
when  lo  !  to  hisdisippoinlment.  he  saw  it  poor  vagrant- 
looking  man.  w  itii  Ins  pregnant  wife,  who  told  him,  iu 
a  few  words,  that  he  had  I'l  en  driven  from  his  lioiiso 
by  Mongols,  and  was  seeking  a  relative,  hoping  to  earn 
with  liim  a  livelihood  liy  spinning.  "Can  this  he  the 
•  liea\  en's  son  /' "  .said  the  alihnt  to  liimself,  douhtingly. 
His  heart  sank,  and  he  retained  Neareely  1  oiirago 
enough  to  a.sk  the  liopeless  utraliger,  who  eouhl  nio\o 
no  tiirtlier.  (o  take  up  his  aliode  in  the  neighhonring 
vill.ige.  This  man's  name  was  l.'hoo  Sheehin,  and  tho 
father  of  the  hero  ot  our  !<tory—  the  founder  of  the 
Ming  dynasty. 

On  the  following  day  the  old  friar  received  from  a 
stranger,  who  iniiuediately  afterward.s  disa]ipcared,  11 
]iill  to  facilitate  the  delivery  of  the  .said  lady.  When 
li.r  lionr  was  eome,  the  villagers  hearil  tht^  lliusie  of 
the  sphei'e.s,  the  veiy  hiids  lluttered  nlnuit  rejoicing, 
and  a  lirilliant  halo,  proceeding  from  the  sun,  was 
lellecteil  liy  the  eloiid.s.  I'lider  all  these  jihenoiiieua 
the  child   eaiiie    into    the   world;  and   the  holus,  w  hen 

Jhx'trine  ot  Ciiaiiu'i  s,  and  the  iMiiil  I'lmers  of  Nature.  Ihe 
author  of  Ttie  l'r\ti'ie.i  nf  Crat'uii  must  here  acknowhdge 
himself  ilefealed.  This  is  the  philosophy  that  all  the  wise  men 
of  old  travelled  to  the  Kiist  to  learn,  and  this  is  an  uiahaiblcd 
fragnantiirv  tradition  of  tin'  most  ancient  meta)<liysical  system  lU 
the  world.      Alas  hir  linnian  intellect,  lelt  to  itsell ! 

All  that  we  h.irn  from  the  Cliincsi'  inelaplivsicians  is,  that, 
from  two  hut/iinijx,  put  into  a  bag  by  nobody,  and  left  to  lie  ipiiet, 
somethiiit/  is  geiu'rated,  whiih,  liy  ft'imeiilation,  jirodiices  some- 
bodq;  anil  tliis  stimehody,  by  dividii  g  il.self,  1h.'Ciiiih  s  two 
coiii.,.iir.i,  that  act  upon  each  01  her  and  develope  aumtlhiny ;  out 
of  which  irradiially  eniaiiates  fi'o'i////oo/. 

•  The  (iiiostics,  who  in  ihe  second  and  third  centuries  blended 
with  the  sublime  and  pure  faith  of  Christ  many  wundniim  but 
obscure  tenets,  deiived  from  orientiil  philosopliy,  and  even  from 
the  religion  of  Zoroaster,  coneerniig  the  eternity  of  matter,  the 
existence  of  t.vo  principles,  and  ilic  nivslerious  hierarchy  of  the 
1..  isible  world,  adoiited  this  nonsensical  notion  among  others. 
Ihey  helievisl  that  the  divine  s)arit  of  the  world,  by  hiiig  mn- 
templation.  would  strike  "upon  them,  on  the  stomach!"  It 
would  not  be  out  of  place  to  note  here,  that  tlicTaou  (rationalist) 
and  Itnddha  priests  use  1111  smerisni  and  animal  magnetiBiu  largely 
uiid  miscliievously  in  llieir  rites;  and  that  the  Chinese  priistB, 
who  combine  the  idolatry  if  both  sects  with  the  cold,  sentimental 
philosophy  of  ('iinfiiciii.s,  are  also  conveisant  not  only  with  much 
of  the  "magic"  of  the  ancient  "tire-wiirshippers,"  but  also 
those  tricks  and  secrets  tiy  which  tlie  prie«tliixid  ot  the  Pagans 
exercised  such  iudueuce  over  the  worshippers  of  their  koiIs. 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 


Ill 


ttitnn  by  his  mnUirr,  fillcil  tho  room  with  thft  RVMtOBt 

licrriiiiii^      lli.i   tUthrr   tlicii   wont  out    Imtliiii^ ;    mid 

thero  ll()iit<ul  down  th<>  river,   iih  vury   selduiu  li:i|i|irris, 

a  Bplutidid  |)i<>('o  lit'  ri'd  sitiii,  of  wiiich  ho  iiuiiii'iJiMti'ly 

mudu  a  dro^<.s  fur  tlu'   Intln*.       Ilo   wan  yet  a   |iiiliii^ 

infant    when     iiin   fiillicr    |iri'Mcntcd    him    ln!fon,'    tin' 

idolH,   wluMt!   lie   rcci'ivcii   liin   niiiiKi  of   (Mmo   Viicii- 

hung,       I'overty    ohli<;i'il    the    fiUlicr    to     Icavii    the 

phii'i)     witli      liis     three     elder    ehililreii,     and    liire 

liini.ii'lf  as  a  ooinnmn  hihonrer,  whilst  Chnu  Yiien-huni;, 

who  frei|uentiy  iilayed  ali'Hit  in   the  toin|ih',  wati  aj»- 

p>inted  a  eowhoy.      Wlien   ranililinj^  with   the  other 

boyM  over  hill  and   d  le,    tliey   |irii|ioHed    to   play   the 

eniiiemr,  and  fur  tliis  |iiiriiiise  raised  a  mound  of  oarth 

to  re|iresent  the  tin'oiie.     All   the   nreliin!<  Murroundfd 

it,  liiil  nnTii;  of  them  dared  to  ])eiNiiinfy  the  nionanh, 

until  llinif^-woo,  llio  name  hv  which  we  shall  in  future 

call  him,  aseended  it,  and   v   th   a  i;rai  ioii.H  and  nra\e 

air  received  tlie  linm.ii,'eiif  his  |ilayfelliiws,     'I'hi.shiinif 

froi|ui'ntly  rc|)e,iled,  ;,Mve  him  a  yreat  iiamo  anmnnst 

those  littlo  fellows  ;  and  ho  had.   mmiover,   tlie  knai  k 

of  makinuf  his  cows  man  li  in  a  row,  like  Holdicrs,  in 

token  of  his  futurt!  j^enerdship.     In  one  of  these  frolics 

he  killed   a   calf   took   .smiie   lirushwood,    roasted    the 

flesh,   and    fejisted   his  companions.      His    m.istcr,   <lis- 

coverinn  ''"'  Iriik,  liy  the  treason  of  one  of  liis  con- 

feder.iti's,    turned    liim   out  of  doors;  and  tho  future 

emperor    of    China,    like  the   jj;reat    Napoleon  iu    his 

youth  at  I'aris,  wils  hard  jiut  to  it  for  a  dinner. 

After  .si'VumI  niiraeles  jierformed  iu  his  favour  to  no 

pur|(ose,    he    was   admitted    a    Jiiiest.    and    appointed 

KCuUerydMiy  to  (he  temple,   in   which  resided  tho  old 
nhbot  wlio  first  .saw  the  heavenly  vision  res|K>eting  him. 

J hing-woo  finally  ohtnined  employ  with  his  mother's 

brother,  hi.s  father  lieing  dead.     It  was  summer,  anil    fmnily  wlm  liiem,  It  wna 

our  hero  having  never  trouhled   himself  mmdi    ahont    pi""'  '"  inl'Tin  tlie  villa;;!'. 

books,  was  now  for  the  first  time,  in   his  eighteenth 

year,  scut  to  school.'      Here  ho  had  to  suffer  very  miudi 

from   liunger,  and  a  compa.ssionate    ilamsi  1    aniiialily 

supplied   him    with  cakes.      He    was    delightfully    I'li- 

gagcd  iu  eating  them,  when  his  uncle   summoned   him 

to  wheel  a  barrow,  loaded  with  plums,-  to  the  nearest 


town.  An  unforti'nate  ipmrrel  on  the  rof\d  IwJ  to 
blows,  and  their  untiui.ni^l  was  laid  lifeless  on  the 
ground.     'I'his  was  lathor  a  ticklixh  atlliir  ,*  and,  meet- 


iiiiil  li'lmiit'ly  wiilkt'd 


•nil   limi)rlit  It  iiliiiii,  »lilili   tlii.y   piv«  tli.'  prifnt      Up  liowlnj,-, 

lliHiiki'il  tliciii,  mill  turning  tn  liir  itowiI  siiiil,  '  |  ,| t  »liili   to 

Ik'  m  iiuv.  ami  rii|ih'Ht  ymi,  inv  li'j.niU,  tn  piiitiilic  wiili  mi'  ,.f  ijim 

'''■'"■' l'l""i'     '> iflli.iii  rrplii'il,  '.%,.«  viiu  Imv.'  it,  wliv  ilii 

,V"il  ii"t  cat  it   Vdiirsiir:-'     •  I  mint   mily  llir^tiiiin  In  |.liiiil,''Miiiil 

111',  inline  It  ii|>  lit  II  mil       When  nii.M.  l,i'  lielil  tin.  Mniii'  in 

Ins  liiiiiil,  anil  tiiliinun  .|mil,'  „(r  IiIh  «linii|,l,.r,  iln^  u  ImU-  in  llni 
»:i"nhil '.I'vi'iiil  iii,|i,.«  il,.,.|,,   intii  »liii'li  !„■  |,ni  it,  iiinl  nivi'ml  it 

with  lart'i      I  hi'ii,  inrniiiir  to  tl atk,t.|„."|il.',  hi-  priK'nnil  <nniu 

hriith.  Kill,  which  JM'  wiit.'i-i'il  anil  l   inliznl  it  :  im,)  „ihei..,  »i,h. 

"'f  •" "I"'t  »im|,l  turn  ii|.,  hi'..ii>:lit   him   h..ilini.'  ilri'n^  |V,,ni 

»'"'1'»  ">'"'■  'i.*.  wl'ii'"  lie  I ml  ii|"  n  thi'  Imh'   jiiHt  llll^.^     IAitv 

imi..'h  ly. ..  JH'in^:  llxnl  n|iiin  Ihe  i<|i..|.  ihev  *i«'  a  m»ilo'il  nhnii't 
iwiiinj.'  Inrth,  Hliiih  >{r»iliiall,v  imrni.iil  till  it  Ixciime  a  tire, 
lavnijf  hnini'hi  a  anil  havi's;  lliiw.rs  anil  thin  IVuit  miii'inUil, 
liirm'  anil  viTy  Iriiirront,  which  invcuil  ihc  Inc.  Ilic  priest 
then  a|i|iii,mhi'.l   llic  tivc,  |>lni'ki'il  the   Iniil,   ami  (jave  the  he- 

lii)Iilcr»;  iiiiil  when  all  »ci ii-iimcil   he   1,11. il  the   trc  »ith  a 

C()ltiT-ili..|,|,in(;  I,,,-  II  j.,,,,,1  while,  uiilil  ,.i  i;i.t,  having  cut  it  ,.ll', 

lio  aliiiulili  It'll  llu'  Ihliatfc  ill  an  ciny  inanni  i, 

BWiiy. 

•  Wla'ii  tirst   the  pricut    hoiran  lo  licilimn  his  manic  iirtu,  the 
Tillaccr  was  also  animi);  the  ciuvmI,  with  nulsttctclii  .1  iick  anil 

pii/.iiiK  eyes,  anil  , |ilelcly  fn|-«..l    liis  iivvri  hii^iiie-s.     When  the 

|iiii»l  Inil  Bime,  ill-  hc.'iiii  tn  IimU  iiil.i  his  Hiiu'ini.  anil  hi!  Ii  uiiii 
eiii|ity  iif  plnins  :  ami  (l,r  the  lirsl  liiiic  he  percciveil  that  what 
jiail  jii»t  hecn  ilwifihii'cil  were  all  lii-  ii»  n  i.'"<iil^.  Morenvcr. 
Iix'kin^:  narrowly  alHuit  his  wau'nn  he  «iw  that  the  ilashlniara  »as 

t'onc.  havinj;  Jiisi   I.eeii  cut  ell' Hill hi-d.      .Mmli  excited  unil 

liu'ciiscil.  he  ran  after  litin,   anil  as   he   'iirticl  the  ei.rncr  iif  the 
wall,  he  s.iw  the  Isianl  thriiwn   .lewn  ln-ncalli  llu'  hcil;.'e,  it  la'ini; 
thill  with  which  the  |,!iiin-tii'i.  hn-  llllcil.      ,S,ili.,ily  knew  where 
till'  priest  liiiil  irntie.  anil  ;ill  the  maik.t  liilKs  lauirheil  heartily." 
I.\neli  l,:iw  is  nut  iinkmiwn  in  Cinna.   Here  arc  two  iiistancM  ; 

One  lari;!' mIIml'c.  nut  liir  Ir he    llreat  Wall,   was  eelehrntcil 

fur  its  pr.'li'ssidnal  ^ainhlcrs.     One  ,iay.  the  ehieruf  a  ennsiilcrahlci 

the  hiiliii    III'  phivinir.    inailc   up  hiit 

^         He  llieri'tiire  inviteil   the   principal 

iiihahitaiits  |„  ,■,    li:inipiel,  an  I.  Iii\:inls  the  eml  ..f  the  re|iast,  h» 

ruse  tn  aililrcss  his  ^rncsis,   mail me   nhservareins  im   the  eiil 

ciitiscineiiees  ufpnnliliiii.',  anil  pnipnseil  In  Iheiii  til  jiiin  inassneia- 

tiiin  liir   the  evlirpiitimi   of  this  viei'    li th.  ir  'village.       Iho 

JiriipiisHl   WHS  at    tirsi    nceiveil   with  asiunish nt  ;    liiii    tinallv, 

afkei  a  si'riiMis  < siiltatinn,  it    «as  ail.i|itel      An  net  w.i~  ilr.nvil 

lip  anil  Kiirneil  l.y  all  the  assiK'iatcs,  in  vvhi.h  lliey  liimml  tliciii- 
selves,  mil  iiiily   Iu  ahstuin  Iniin  playing,  Kill  tn   watch  ihenther 

. ^._ iiiliahitants,  anil  ..ei/c  npi.ii  nil  u'liml'ilers   taken    in    the  lac',  who 

"'"'iil'l  '»'  iriiiiieiliiilel\  carrieil  h.tnre  Ihi'  tiilninal,  tn  lie  piiiiishiil 

'  In  China,  when  a  hiil   CDiiinieiicfB  Ills  sUulieii,  an    linpres-ivt-     accnrilinir  tn  the  rignr  nfthc  laws.       Ihc  .xislencc  nf  the  ,i.,eictv 

ceremony  takes  place,  iir  iliil  ferimrly,  Inr  it  ^celns  tn   have  liilleii     was  imiile  knnwn  in   the  village,   «ilh  the   narniiig    that   it    wii» 

into    (lesuetmle.      The  IWllier  lenils  liis  son  lo  the  teacher,  who     rcMiliiie  ami  leaily  fnr  aelinii.     .S.aiic  ila\s  iifliT'Minls,  three  ile- 

kiieels  (loivii  before  the  luiiiic  or  title  of  some  iiiic  or  nlher  ef  the     teriiii i  gamhlers  were  airesteil  with  the  carils    in   their  hanils, 

ancient  Huges,  ami  supplicate*  their  hk'ssing  npou  his  ji'jpil  J  after     taken  l.ch,re  the  trihuiiiils,  iM'aten,  ami  lineil.     IIm'   measure  wih 

cfficacinii>  in  putting  ,|i,«n  ganihhiig.  Not  far  fmm  the  phice 
where   the   aiili-gamhlmg  siicic:y   liii.l   llourisheil,   there  arnse  a 

I'll"'' le  reiloulitalile  as,snciatinn.      This  part  nf  the  cnuntrv  is 

inhahiteil  hy  a  popnlatinii  parlially  I'limese,  pariialh  .Mniignl,  anil  in 
intersirtcilhyninunt.iins,v,illi'>, 'ami  steppes.   I  hevillngcss'cattereil 


whieh,  nciiting  liiniscif,  he  receives  the  honnige  ami  petition  of 
the  lad  to  guide  hiiii  in  his  lus-nns.  A  present  is  ex|H'cled  to 
iictMinpuny  this  intriKluctioii  to  literary  pursuits,  'llie  rnrnilurp 
of  the  school  merely  consists  of  a  desk  and  a  stnol  for  each  pupil, 
and  an  elevated  seat  for  the  master.  V\Km  each  desk  are  iiiiplc- 
nieiits  for  writing,  and  a  few  hooks.  In  one  cnrner  is  placed  a 
tahlcl  or  an  nisci-iption  on  the  wall,  deiHcated  to  (.'nnfuciiis  and 
the  Uod  of  Letters ;  the  sage  is  caUed  the  Teacher  and  Pattern 
for  All  Ages,  and  iiiccuse  is  eonstaiitly  burned  in  honour  of  thcin 
both. 

»  The  Liai  Chai,  a  Chinese  story  iKiok,  in  sixteen  voluiiifs,  fur- 
nishes a  story  illustrative  of  the  selling  of  plums  at  market,  and 
will  serve  to  give  an  idea  of  Chinese  tales  in  genual  ;— 

"  A  villager  was  once  selling  iiliims  in  the  market,  wliicli  were 
rather  delicious  and  fragrant,  ami  high  iu  price;  and  there  was 
n  Tail  priest,  .'hid  in  ragL'cd  garments  of  coarse  cottim,  hegginjj 
before  his  wagon.  The  villager  scnlded  him,  but  he  would  not  go 
off;  whereniKin.hci'oining  angry,  hercvileilanil  h.Mitcdat  him.  Tho 
priest  said,  'The  wagon  contains  many  hundred  plums,  and  I 
have  nnlv  lugged  one  of  tlieui,  which,  for  uiu.  respected  sir, 
would  certainly  lie  no  great  loss;  why  then  are  yon  so  angry  r' 
The  «i)Cctator3  advised  to  give  him  u  poor  plum  and  send  him 
away,  but  tho  villager  would  not  emiseiit.  The  workmen  in  the 
■iwket,  diiUkiDg  the  noise  and  clamour,  furuislied  a  few  copiH'is 


aimingst  them  have  imt  heen  coiisidcrcil  nf  siillicicel  inipnrtaiice 
by  the  gnvenimeiit  to  have  mamlarii.s  p.nciil  in  them.  Keprived 
of  this  restraint  of  authority,  thisivild  region  had  hecoinc  the 
resort  uf  muny  hands  of  rohheis  and  inincie.iiits,  u  ho  exorcised 
their  trade  with  impunity  tliiniigl„.iit  the  iici.-lil.i.urhisMl  IhiIIi  hy 
day  and  night.  They  pilla-ed  ernps  ami  tl..cks,  laying  wait  lor 
travellers  in  the  deliles  of  the  nmunt  i;ii»,  pitile'ssly  stripping 
them  nf  all  their  prnpcrty,  undafterwiirils  pin  t;  em  tn  death  ;  some, 
times  they  went  .so  far  as  to  attack  a  village  ami  liv  il  waste.  The 
Mandarins,  though  askeil  for  iissislanec,  ilarc.1  imt  attempt  to 
engage  in  a  conlliet  with  an  army  of  handitti.  Tliat  which  the 
.Mandarins  dared  not  attempt,  a 'simple  villager  nndcrtnok  and 
accumpli.slied.  "  .sJince  the  .Munilariiis  either  cannol  or  will  imt 
aid  us,  let  us,"  .said  he,  "  protect  ourselves,  and  fnrni  u  lloNI." 
The  //o«/.v,  a  sneiely  nf  the  Chinese  (like  nur  own),  are  alwave 
inaugurated  with  a  feast,  liegarihess  nf  expense,  the  villagers 
killed  an  nid  hullock,  ami  .sent  letters  of  invilaliiin  tn  the  villagers 
nl!  round.  The  sneiely  was  entitled  "  I'he  Old  Hull."  The  regu- 
auons  wi  re  brief  and  simple.     The  members  were  to  emol  as 


I        ! 


'M 


112 


ALL  ROUND  TUB  WORLD. 


iiij;  with  ;i  nnnil'.r  i>f  \\\fi\  fellows,  wIid  liki'  liimsi'lf 
li.'iil  ijiiiliiii;.'  ti>  ]'<  ('.  mill  :ill  to  i;;iiii,  tlnv  unili'il  ti> 
take  lliiir  rlinncc  •■('  tlic  liittcr  tiii,''lli<T.  Kr^'in  this 
iiioiiiiiit  (hilrs  th<"  i;ii'aliicss  nt'  lliiiii;  woo 

I'li'i!!;;  (il)lij^iil  til  inter  iiitd   till'   hoUM'  ot'  niii'  ot  tin" 

:iliiivi'  iiljcrs  on  ill lint   nt'  thi'  Immw  lain,  thf  ilowns 

tiilil  him  tliiit  till-  true  Heaven's  Sen  ha\  inu' I'ei  n.  Ia  all 
aerniiiits,  liipni  smiiewliere  in  the  iiei^hlMi4iilii"'cl.  ,!iey 
liiiil  j;oiie  nut   that   iiinrniii);  in  seaich  >>(  him,  sinei'  :i 


TARTA*    CAVALRV   lIHINitt    TARTAD   ARMU 

W(  ;e  al'Oiit  t.i  a>  kii'i«liili:i'  liim   their  leailer.  i"  hen  the 


Ti 


<1:  1 


est  hail  tiihl  tliemtiiev  wixilii  nieit  him  t>n  tin 


mt  'we 


ha\e  waited,  "saiil  tin 


llth.   il.iv.ali.l 


liaxe  nut  met  lillil. 
lilt  I 


\VI 


M 


uii>;  NMni  hail  iimie  t< 
h  othi 


e-ii'  SIX  I n  ni|ii|«inii'ns  sani  In  e.ieli  utliel 

man  reiillv  answers  the  ile.-rri|itliin  ;;i\en  til  lis,' 


•Ihl 

The 


xiilaijers  ,-ii>riiiinileil  thv  huu-n'  with  eiiix  ,.(  ■•  Fire!  " 
All  hasleiieil  til  a  li-uk  rnnlii,  v.hrrr  the  ll.imes  hiul 
i  inketi  nut.— liiit  liiiw  c'eat  Was  their  astmiisliment  tn 
|.eiii|\e  that  a  streak  nt  leil  liiilil  eneiii  leil  the  ailven- 
liirer;  whiiwas,  liowe.,r.  last  aslee|i.  ami  iimnnseuuic 
n|'  the  ili>tinilinn.  II  uiii;  wim,  in  i  In-  mmniiiy.  ha\  ing 
~i>|i|  Ills  |>lums  .'It  the  market,  pniketeil  the  mniiev,  ami 
went  ill  .-e.ireli  nf  new  ail\ eiitiiies.  The  lirst  tiling;  lie 
III!    in  with  was  .i   L-Miiimstie  liali.  where  si  iiiie  alhletic 


li-l 


llel> 


rliall.  M^'eil    him    III    .>hiiw    his    strength. 


."^nim-   snliiH'i-s   ha|i|  I  iiiiiir   til  ]iass.  am 


iliaiiv  hail 


i»  in;;   that 


tn  I,: 


Till 


iWn,  .ittilMliteil  tn  -fly 


tbfl 


ese,    lin\M\ir 


tnnk  In  tli^iht.  .'iml  i.iii   ti 


a     teni|ile.    w  lilih      jllin^wnn      lilirnl      tn     the     ^.'rniiml. 
~  ~    I    1  his  temple  lie  Ii-liiiill   liiai;liltirelit Iv  when  em|ieriir. 

I        I'll    lliiii:;  w.Hi';    letiii-.i  tn  hi-,  iniele's  hniise.  he   met 
mni.v  i.ni.lr  ..  |».sMlm.  in  tl„ir  n.iiks.      Ma,  v  Wmml  I1mii,«.1vm     ,„„„Ur.  ol    In  .  .i-  men    mi    the   rn.iil   siile.  wlm.  I  avinu 

Ln  )m'  iiU\ii\s  rniilv    In  iisstsi     III    T  lii>    I'llliint t     unv*   imIiIui*      'i-.,'ir  ....  ~ 


or  *Ili;lll, 
at'  trial. 


«M\»  riiiil\  III  ll^'«t^^    ii 

111    I'llt'     nil     lli>    l.iuil  at 


•iililm I    any  nililn  r,  .-ri:it 

iir  ai re>i,  viit li>>in    r-iiiii 


llll    III'  til,'     irllile 


til.' 


i(>   triliiniaU  iiiti-il'iTi  il,  tin 


vhiile 


In  .nil  n|  hi>  |'at.>,  I'nllnwe.l  wilhnut  hesil.iliii|i      .\  I  that 
n|,  II.       If     |"iin<l  liilu'e  lialiiK  III'  fnli'icrs    f>a\eise(l    the    lain!.  , ami 


"ly    was    n•^|llll1»1i  le  fur     V  hi'Iie' <r  lie 


lute  man,  Il  w.is  III  his 


t'Viiv  iiiiiiiliT.  anil  I'lillirlivi'lv  liir  nil  liiuils  tlii\  ml  ill,  I  In 
I'liiTkrx  anil  niiily  III'  imrimsr  witli  uliiili  ilic  »iirii'i\  «il  In  nn.-k 
Mn'ii  Inlil,  anil  llll'  '       l»  111    nililiirs  till  with  iiniaAinu  ami  ii"liil 


n  In  l»v  iiie  a    iiiiHerlul  eliii  I.      Kwani; 


III 


rie.  w  llll   hail  In  eii  ile 


muneeil  tn  >;iivernmei 


It  t'nr  ihi 


ru|iiility.     <.iiii'  nil-'' 


Ih 
pirjre. 


Nest, 


V  :ill 
xillai 


Wlililiil  :ilii| 

at      till'     lintli 


■•!■■" 


Til. 


in    If.il.. 
Ill'  a    111'  ui.:.i'.n 


il  till 


III  I    II 


nil  Mill' I 


leil  il 


il  -iilr 


set   li    .'    tn    till'     llnllM' 


111 


J'lHlII^'. 


Tlieelli'i't  1.1  til 


sn'eil  till'  inlialiitani-.   nlil  ami 


III'  l'rij;a 


tlirm 


1-  i-iinii..ari'  |iriiii'iiliiit: 


lit  til 


III 


II  cilrnni- 


wliiili'  iliHlni-i     til  MH'li  an 


I'lll'lit     tllUt    till'  I |ili 


iilil  I 


iiiMi  am  a 


rtirle  l\i 


II),'  III   llll 


W'ilniiiit  vintiiiiiit'  In  tmit'li  il.      Tin'  nliilin',  wt  ili.'  vu'iiieii  i 


|il«iii('il  III  llll'  tnliiinals. 


III   till 


I'lj    iireMiiti'ii  till  ihM'lirs, 


iler  nl'  I  |Hi|ii    mall,  eni'sidi'i'i'il  it  ini|inssilili   Inelmle 


juslii-f.  ami  iheletnre  (leel.ireii  liiliisi  If 


u-th 


nf  his  m'|ihi'v  ■- <-u»7fi/i,  kiiij; — a  most  wmiiierful  eleva- 
tinli.  .\^  a  I'liHif.  liinreover,  nf  hi.,  yratitilile.  he  h|i- 
jioiiilisl  lliiii;;  uiHi  hi.~  p  iieraliosimn.  iiml  maiiieil  him 
tn  lil>  fn.-<ler  iliiuf'hti'r.  the  same  w  !in  hail  iifevimisly 
Mi|.|ilii'il  the  \niiiii:  ailMnluier  with  eiiki 


III 


iiriiiriliii^   I'l  iliiir  ni^ti'in,   in   a   Iwilv.    tn    lui't't    tl.i'  rl.iiri;i'  of 


starviiiL'  at 


N  ilie.e  tiet  liniii 


Ill's  hail    liotlii 


n.»MiHfti  until  III. 


Thi'tiiiil 


lie  wii^  I'  I 


ril'll   In  till 


ft  a(  I'll 


ill.  uliirii 


tn  ill  I     lal  iijH.h    I'll,   what    t  lli'V  liink    11 


till 


UK 


rrwiinli'il  iiihl   .iiiiilauilril  II 


|i|il 
luluri  tlii'v  sliiiiilil 


rtV,     lillt     llirccll'll     Hlhl     I'nr    tin 


Minn  lierame  fnrmiilal'li 


til 


e  nr't' 


hliiilll'hniiil.       Mil 


cLf,"  nr  Ihl  "Agi'ni'}  tnr  rulillr  I'l 


nmlli'il  in  tlie  public  service  i 


*.'|.iiH;- 


iiiilujirinu>  |K'as;inls  iiatiira''y  timiijihi    th.ii   it  wius  ;'a 
v,iin   In   i  Iniigh   the  tieliih  .»hiUt  .jlhor.s  utu  the  t'ruitJl 


t>> 


rt 
lit 

Im.i 

(  r 


Mil 


nil 

UK 
,y 
iiy 
iii 
lU 


^\ws» 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 


1.1i(Ti'()f,  aiiil  tlicrcfiiro  joinoil  tlic  voldiors.  As  siioii, 
howuvor,  us  tliu  furros  aiiiDinilcd  ti)  sovcnil  tlicmsiiiiils. 
Hiiii^  w<Mi  issiii'il  strict  oi'ilt'i-s  that  in  (Jliiiii;sf  slioiilil 
1)6  iiii)lcst('(l  (111  any  aci'iiiiiit,  ami  tliit  their  war  shnuhl 
1m!  siilfly  with  the  .Mongols.  This  was,  Iiowcvit,  I._v  mo 
iiU'aii.s  a  rcj^ulatioii  similar  to  thusi-  which  nrv  [put  on 
ri'oord  at  the  (governor's  oHice  at  (,"anton  —  no  siieli 
tliinj;, — who.soover  odendeil  against  tlie  law  lost,  lii.s 
head  without  merey  or  re|ii'ievc.  'I'his  order  heinif 
ri;; i)iously  executed,  added  res|ieetaljility  to  Huiifj  woo's 
|io>itrou.  He  apiieared  no  lonj^iT  as  an  adventurer, 
liut  under  the  honoiiralilo  u|>|ii-ll.'itioii  of  patriot..  'rh(> 
men  most  I'mious  tor  liravery  (loeked  in  crowds  to  his 
stmdard  ;  and  sh  iwiiiv;  tlieniselves  in  liattle  array 
lii't'ore  a  l'ortrtvs.s,  of  whiih  th.;  ('otnmander  w.m  a 
('hincsi',  they  .suf;>;ested  to  him  that  t.>  .serve  a 
\  ieioiis  t'oreii;ii  [irinco  w.is  not  coiis'stcnt  with  the  dnty 
of  a  f'rienil  to  hi.s  coMiitry,  and  that  he  ou.^^ht  theic- 
t'nrij  to  come  over  to  tiiem.  I'l'i-MiMsion  av.iiled  in 
this  instance  more  than  ai'MH  ;  and  the  .same  otlicer, 
will)  held  a  eommissinn  IVoiii  the  Mon;;ii|s,  hccame 
aCterward.s  one  of  the  most  ardent  cliaiii|iioiis  of  tlu^ 
liherties  of  the  ( 'hiiiese. 

The  soldiers  of  his  army  are  .said  to  have  heen  cliil 
ill  a  most  hrilliant  armour,  which  eii.ln.seil  their  Imdies 
like  the  scales  of  fishes  ;  their  swords  and  s|K'ars  glitter- 
ing ill  the  sun,  their  liiij;lit  lielmets  and  co its  of  mail 
according  with  the  strong  hows  that  hung  (iV(!r  their 
•■■iioulderi!  ;  they  also  had  a  cartridge-hox,  with  .six  or 
seven  iioi:  hiill.'ts,  which  they  hurled  against  the  heads 

of  til 


id   (h'ti'at"il    tlicni. 


116 

Thus 


attacked    them   in   dct.iil 
ended  the  tiist   caiii|i.iign. 

Kaiig  llwe.ing.  tiie  urecngroeer,  who  had  iiiised  him- 
self to  a  kinj;,  did  iinl  long  enjoy  his  dignitv,  but  died 
in  the  arms  of  his  all'eciionate  nephew  The  ollieera 
wislied  to  niake  lliiiig  woo  king  ;  lait  too  hnmliln  yet 
to  a.-siiine  the  diadeiii,  he  uiiliiigly  yii'lded  the  throne 
to  his  cousin,  an  inexperienced  youth.  For  tiiis  gene- 
nxity,  a"  is  ol'leii  llie  casein  this  woild,  he  was  ill 
re  w,  I  riled  ;  some  haughty  geiieril  wished  to  take  a«,iy 
his  life,  and  during  a  splendid  eiilci't.iinmciit,  iit  which 
I  lung-woo  was  pi'esent,  had  already  drawn  his  sword 
to  pierce  the  rising  hero,  when  iiiiother  ollieer  stalihed 
the  miscreant  on  the  spot  The  future  empi'riir  es 
eaped,  hut  his  mind  wa^  .scared;  and  for  the  lirst  time  in 
his  lite  he  felt  that  in  the  midst  of  success  and  worldly 
greitne^sa  man  nuiy  still  he  iiiiserahle.  'i'he.se  events 
hriii'.'  us  down  to  the  year   \',i'ili. 

NVe  must  now,  for  a  short  time,  return  to  the  palace, 

which  w.is  .so  iinceiemonioiisly  left.     It  will  Ik-  remeiii- 

liered  that  the  emperor,    while    the  country    wa.s   in  a 

>late    of   iu,~uirection,    amused    himself   with    daiicin!» 

gills  and  liim.i  priests,      lint  he   had  still  a  very  laitli- 

till     minister,     who,     iiotwiihstanding      the      general 

corruption,    directed    the    mililary    operation.s   of  tlio 

Mongols,    anil,   at    any   rate,    kept  the   reliefs   at   hay. 

Iteiiig,  however,  at  variance  with  the  eiii|»'ior's  iiiinion, 

who  was  called  llam.i.  the   statesman    was   tii-st  exiled 

and  then  heheadeil.      The  inftinous   llama   now  |ilayed 

the  tyriint  over  his  .sovereign,    as   prime   inini>ter,   and 

even  iiiadc  him  alulicate    in    ftvniir  of  his  .son       Itnt 

The  country  was  in  such  an  unsettled  .>t:ite,   nild  the  i  allairs  prospered  liadly  with  the  Mnngol.s.    Thecouniix 

linanccs  so  deranged,  that  at  lir>t  no    notice  wms  taken  !  was  iiili'sied  with  roli'ieis  ;   a  scion  of  the  former  Snug 

of  tlie.ie  proeeeilings  liy  the  tiDvernment.     When,  how-  ]  dyniusty,  a  myal    I  'liiiie.se,  took   the  ticlil  ,is  a   liiL,'liwa\ 

ever,    llung-woo  i;rew  more  and  more  hold,   ,ind  dctled  !  man   on   a    large  scale.      The  .seas   were    infested   with 


leir  cneiiiKv 


whole  liatt.ilions,  tlie  .Mongol  magistrates  resolved  upon 
crushing  the  rehcl  For  this  purpose  they  collect  'd  .ill 
the  troops   of  the    ncigldiouring   districts  ;   hut    whilst 


yet  |iieparing  for  hittle  they  were  attacked  on  all  sides    j  to  divert,  or  cmali- 


1)  had  .'!,iMM>  vessels  at  their  coiiinianil  ;  and 

ml  c.iriLige  went  on  liy  sea,  river,  canal,  and 

il.M),  w:is  a   prupo.sal 


pirates,  w 
sliiighler 
land.      What  shocked  the  nation 


.\moiiijsl    the  hauliers  that    ten;    iiresen 


t,    II 


iinir  Wo.)  s 


It 


e  llii 
III 


II 


w.ingliii 


or 


Yell,. 


Wasalwivs    oxerllowing    it.s    lied,   and 


iv    liiver. 

■aus<>  the 


was  conspicuoii.s. — and  the  victory    in  the  lir»t  engage- 
ment   W.IS  owing  to  his  lireaking  tho   eiiuiny's   centre. 


I' 


le  (Mieliiy  ;i.s.seiii 


lileil 


olid  armv.    Ihit  the  (Jliiiie 


had  Ih'i'II    lieforehand,   and    p'.ilited    (would    the  re.i  ler 
helievo  it)   liatleries   ill  Hank  and   rear  ol'  the   .Mmigol 


iiy. 


W 


here  they   got    the   ciiiiion  we 


iiinot    tell 


hut  the  Mongols  were  so  iniicli  teiritii  d  at  the  tremen- 
dous noise,  that  tlies   lied  in  consternation.      Again  the 


.Mongols  had  repeatciiry  lost  the  liilmte  hy  the  iinpi 
tilosity     of    till!     waleisi    of    the    (Jiaiid   Canal,     the 


det4'riiiilicd    to   cut 


inals.     To  dii;   them,    tliev 


drove  the  peasants  together  in  crowds,  and  paid  them 


■ly 


Wltll 


111    .scanty    fare. 


Th. 


peasjiiitry 


revolted  at  this  injustice,    diove  olf  their  tii.-k masters, 
I  the  country  iu  numerous  tioop^.  pillaging 


ami  iraver.sei 


ill 


tl 


leir   wav. 


Fi 


tl 


IKS  centre  all  rcl>ellions  m 


M 


on<;i)l   urniies   crowile 


on 


the    Chinese    armv,    hutCliina    haw    radiated    iuid    received    slriii'.;tli 


am 


;i 


iig-woo,  h.iving  notice! 


Ul 


icir  irteiid  d  CDUceiitratioii, 


It  is  siii,'iiliir  that  tlioro  iir"  plctiiri's  cvtiint  ro|)ri>ai'ntiTi)»  tli< 


similar  ca.M-of  a  population  drn  en  to  wander  in  oe:.'g,(iy 


from  their   lioiiic 

sat  ion  lit  the  I  nsiiriieiit.- 


iteriallv    aided    the    lir-.t 


IN.):',  am 


I  th< 


ill' 


■gain- 
lllellt 


inciea.se  in  power,      'i'lieso  disi'iintciitsfiirnishcd  llun;i 


Cliiiu'si' lit  till.  ihtIihI  asaniiiil  wiili  tiilM'Si'iui'iini:  tin- iiiiil  siiinki'  i  woo    witll    new   leVU'S,  aili 
with  (jri'iit   iiiiiM'.      riicy    (jot  lliiis  I'lu  tnvmrils  tlm  tlnliKk  ;  li;il   '  soldiers 


I   repaired     his   h 


Hi 


till'   lillllots 


-ill    111 


(III 


tlii-tii  nt  their  i 


I'll,  thi'V 


I'urni'il   111 


till 


|Hicki'l« 


imwiliT  wiw  use 


il  ti>  IV 


lit' hi'iiils,  with  tluMr  liiiiiiU.     Till 

III 


ri^litt'ii  tlii'ir  ciii'iiiu'M. 


Ill 

^tllll• 


welt-     in     Hill 


'h     high     spirit.s,     that    on     a 


certain    occasion,    win  n    a   dangerous    enterprise 


Cliiiii'si'  iirtiliccK  ot  ««r  iiri'  iilwuvs  ciirinas.     Whi'ii   H.M.S.  I  duel,     t 


to    I 
II 


11)    entcreil 


upon,   two   generals   wished  to    light 


Willi    sliou 


Id 


.d    till 


Sii. 


Kiittler,"    ttitli  inii'l   nf  tln'  cp'w   nl'  tin' I'.S    lilu'iti'  "  l'ii«-.  1  incidents    li.ive    not     heen    ficiiuclit    of    laic     in     the 


llMit 

I'l'hi'U   will 


kill 


tlll'V    lllllcil    llil  it 


nil,    tl)  dctriiv  the  siinlliiTii 


III  ll     Mllrll  tiOO 


ipl 


lll'llll 


I  III 


cliii't'  iiort 


till; 


lit  till 


till 


J" 


en. 


The  t'hiiii'si!  nsci'. 


ilcstr-ivi'il,  mill  iiiily  si\  prii«aiii'i's 


Mrlilii 


'!•  tor  llii'ir 


di'lr 


th  'y  threw  iivcrliciiril  ii  lot  of  cucdi  niitu,  anil  tlii'ii  jiimiu'il  iiiti) 
the  »i'a  aiiiiinu  tlieiii ;  :l  w,i>  ititllnilt  to  tell  whiili  were  lieiiil< 
ml   wliiob    were    mils.      Of    t    e    «ix     pri-iaicrs,    tlirei'    pnivi'.! 


thi'iii.'U'lvi's  to  li»   liii t  nil'  I,  hrlil  liir  ra 


nlliiT  tKH)  killisl;  li'iw  iiiaiiv  nt'il 


Whiit  ,if  till 


(.'him 


The  grand  priiiciplen  on  which  llung-woo  waged  war 


were  t  xacllv 


Iv  th 


if  the 


ireseiit 


I' 


i.f  I'l 


klieli  I 
irncla 


lined    everywheio    by    the    people,   oven 


I'l" 


le  aiilieal 


111 


IIS  an    eiicniv. 


II 


IS    heart    am 


I    h 


il    I HM}     W 


iw   ri'imrt.  il   ct  ii   n  hcl  ilc 


iiisi'  vMi-i'  iiiiiiii'Uiit  y     .At  t'liiitiiii 


iina'ions  oM'rllowed  sv  itii  lieiievi'leme  lo^.-iids  tin 

and    till 


I'Lislur  on  a  preti'iiiU'il  siiro  dii  ii  wimiiiiu'ii  'rg. 


I'll    lu'iii):;    tiiiiiul   iiiiilir 


commonalty    and    the  real    Chinese   people; 

only  cruelties  In-  eonimitted  were   igaiiist  the  .Mongols. 


II 


e,  moreover 


like    I'; 


V 


iiij'  now-ii-days,  coiitrivei 


I   to 


I 


I 


i 


-    ! 


116 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


Imvr  :i  iiiilit;ifv  I'licst  (ind  iimirazincs,  a  ilistiiu'tivr 
fciitiirr  of  till'  prrsnit  i-^iiti'st  :  nml.  iii>trai|  nl 'allowinij 
Ills  Sdlilici's  III  |i|iiiii|i'i',  lir  ]iai>l  tlii'iii  will,  ami  tliiis 
kept  tlie  iiiaraiiiliis  in  oi-ilcr.  Cniiiliut  likr  (his  at- 
trai-tfii  niitii'r;  ami  a  tinrr  [lii-iitc  cliifl',  who  ra\ai;oil 
tlu'  I'lia.st.  (■iomr  mil'  is  alwavs  diiiiii;  tliis  in  I'liiiia),  sent 
an  i-nviiy  In  l!MiiL,'-«im,  )iiii|Hisini;  an  allianri'.  Tlie 
i-aseis  I'xacllv  para  Mil  with  tin-  tactiis  of  tin'  present 
insiirrcctiiiii.  Ilun;,' -whd  accepted  tlic  otler  nf  tlie 
liiiccHiieirs,  and  lia\  in','  thus,  liv  the  a.ssistaiue  nf  the 
pirates'  annainent  ut'  li'.l'iMi  junks,  the  nieaiis  of  loco- 
iniitinii  so  imli>pi'ns;ilih'  fur  Chinese  travellin;;,  which 
is  all  liy  canals,  he  directed  his  steps  Inwards  Che- 
keiiii!^.  in  iinhr  In  kiip  up  his  I'lininiiiiiicalinn  w  Ith  I  he 
si';i.  i'lUt  he  had  Imrnss  ihe  Yaiii;  Im'  ki'ani,'('ir  "Sun 
iit'the  Oi-eaii")  l{i\er  (^ihe  scelle  nf  lllc  present  ciintest 
with  the  i'elii'l>),l  and  fon^l.t  a  lilnndy  li,illle  In  ••lecnin- 
[ilisli  that  nlijict. 

The  Mnni^iils,  as  snnn  as  they  had  iililled  llieii- 
army,  appeared  airain  in  i,'real  fni-i-e  in  the  lield.  'i'lii^ 
lime  the  vielnry  was  mil  sn  I'a.-ily  liiin;,dit  liy  the 
Chinese;  yet  their  irresislilile  vahmr  stond  |irniif 
ai»aiiist  the  despair  nf  the  enemy. 

The  .Mnn^^nl  enmmander  in  chief  lied  with   uiini.iidv 
haste,  and  U-ini,'   leilly  |uir-'-iii'd.  snirendered  tn    llnii^- 
woo.        As   sunn  as  he  .ipiM'tred  in    the  presence  of  the 
prince,  his  cnmiM'llnrs,  seeim,'  snmelliinij  sini>ter  in  the  ; 
^cner.-il's    cniinleii.'ini'e,     wiiliiuit     cnn^idtiiii;    l.a\,iter, 
aiK  isi'd    him    tn    cMcnte    tin     prixaier    mi    the    spnt 
riinii<.rh  the  ( 'liiiicM'  hern    had    made  liie  same  remark 
he  did  imt  cniisider  it  cnn^i-lciil  w  ith  JiiNlice  In  exci'iile 
a  man  wlm  had    siirrendi'ied   nf  liisnwn    accnrd  ;     ind 
he  eiilrnsted.  nil    tri.d,    a   small    tmnp  nf  hnr>e    to   his 
ennimind     i'lefni-e  accepliii;;  this  cnnimaiid,  the  Miini;iil 
swnir  near  .1  ^1  iii'.'lilercd  Ichm'  (the  nlijeet  nmst  s.(creil 
to  a    T.irl  11. 1  ti'hliiy    In  hi>   new    masti'r,    .'ind    iniprc 
cated  llpnll  him^i'lf  I  he  mnsi  dieadfnl  curses  if  he  shnuld 
imt  prnvi'  t'lilliliil       .\   few  ilivs  afterwards,   llunirwnn 
had  III!  li'i'L' 'II''    m.iiiv  li  iiil-lii|is.  ami    it    w.is   expeciid 
III'    wniild    -n.in    ritiie    I'l    III-.    Ie  it  ;    the    I'l-m'iiade  had 
HI  irke  I     till-      |ir'ipilinis     III  iiiH'iit.     and     snftly    >tnle 
Inwards  the  .'iiiiaii''!'.  Iiuriiediy  liiiiyiii:;  the  ihu'.'cr   ni 
till'  liedclnihe-..       The  ai  iriii    w.is  inline  lialclv  ijiMii  liv 


the  seii'inel.  lint  the  .'issjissin  Iiad  time  enniii,'li  In  save 
himself  liy  llii;lit.  .iiid  he  wii.s  lint  lieaid  nt'  fur  niaiiv 
niniiihs.  In  one  of  the  eii;;ai;i'iiH'iits,  hnwever,  u 
Chine.";'  otlii  er,  on  ]ieret'iMn^'  him.  diirted  his  javelin  at 
him,  which  he  nmst  dcxlemiisly  avnided.  In  the 
midst  of  the  coufiisinn  he  entangled  his  iinit  in  the 
stirrup,  lost  his  lial.iiice,  and  was  draijged  liyaieslive 
lioi-setoa  cnii.'.ider.ilile  distiince.  When  nearly  e.\piriiig 
from  the  liruisis  he  had  received,  his  aiiiai;iiiiist  rude 
ii]i  to  him.  and  ran  his  saliri'  thiinigli  his  heart,  in  re- 
eonipeii.se  for  his  treachery. 

Wlleliexer    the    i ihat   ill    the    .south     was    liottest. 

Hung  WHO  kept  his  couil  at  K  in  ling,  directed  fmni  a 
distance  the  military  npcratimis.  and  endeavoured  to 
extend  his  power  towards  the  iinrtli.  'I'his  is  also  the 
policy  of  Tae-piiig,  the  empiinr  nf  the  picsi  iil  iiisuiiii- 
tinii.  City  alter  city  yicldnl  In  the  army  nf  llung- 
wno  :  the  .soldiers  called  npnii  him  In  pinclaini  him.selt 
emperor;  Imt  he  icfiised,  .saying  that  he  was,  as\et, 
I'lii  a  petty  chiet',  Imlding  nnly  pan  ni  ihi'  eiii|iii'e  itiit 
while  he  himself  sn  olistiiialcly  refused  the  title, 
dr.igniis  and  seipi'iils,  that  eiilwined  them.selves  aliolit 
him  at  a  great  luilllary  festival,  proxeil  to  the  (  liiiie.se, 
that  having  such  imperial  emlileins.  he  might  to  assiinie 
the  titles.  The  diagnii  i.s,  to  the  Chilli  se,  a  most  piii- 
pitiniisnimn.      They  have  not  Lecii  .seen  lately. 

The  .Moiigiil  empi'inr  at  last  took  alarm  at  the  pro 
i;r<'s.s  of  the  reliels.  |n  a  cmincil  of  stale,  at  which  all 
the  niiiiisters  were  present,  the  lust  nieasures  prn|  used 
were  rendered  iiiig.ilmy  liv  indecisimi.  Vet  the  army 
is  .said  to  lane  lieeii  .'io'.liiio  nr  IID.OIKI  al«avs  in  arms, 
.ind  the  relicIs  in  less  than  a  ferliiight  lunuglit 
IIMI.I  nil  intii  liallle.  The  iiniiilii'ls  lid  to  lia\e  liecli 
killed  ,in  each  side  are  prndigimis,  and  the  liatlles  mme 
nillnernus  than  those  nf    Na|inlen!i. 

Ililheiln  lluiig-wiio  had  Ih'cii  <iid\  a  snliject  ;  Imt 
one  of  the  reliel  eliiits  having  killed  hi.i  master  the 
king,  and  he  having  already  received  the  title  of  diiki', 
he  now-  a.ssumed  the  dignity  of  I'niice  nl  W'nn,  and 
adnpted  a  syslemalic  plan  for  cnliipieriiii;  the  wlmle  ul 
China,  which  ic-iillnl  in  the  eniperm's  relii  in;;  fm- 
-alcly  outside  the  Wall  of  China  iiitn  \'iiig  i  hang  In.'' 


'  "Tliis  ^ri'itt  rivi-r."  *avs  NiM'^mnr  ,|,iei-l\ii,  in   Str  Mi'iitlix  m 
Cfiiii-t,  •'  iii:i\  Im-  ciillcil  till'  main  aitci's  litlic  Uiily  «i|"  tiic  t'liiih^i' 

cni|iirc.  luiil  tlic  xiiii fits  iiilcri'ir  weittli.     In  ixlcnt  unit  iia\i- 

^uiilr  t'.icil.tii's  it  1^  ii'il  Hnr)iii^^sl  h\  .iiiy  in  tin  v\,<rl(l;  whilst 
friiiii  il.s  luit-'iii.  ii'it  'inly  III.'  ci'tilr.il  |Mirl  nf  I'hina  ilrau*  i's 
I  xl-lcnci'  mil  rii'lii'-.  Imi  ilic  I'Mllic  iif  liic  ii'ii'llnTii  |ini\  iiici''  ;iU'i. 
It  IK  I'.iiinii'ii'.l  Willi  till'  I'l-iliii  liy  111- Ills  iifu  I'.ei  il.  ciuli'.l  tic 
I  iifHTi.il  ("I'liri'ii.  ('.eial  ufClii'iai.  uincli  W'liiiliTl'iil  ^'.uk  IIhh 
li-iiils  '111'  I'l-ntral  ir.i'li'.  an  1  .',i'n  tlicsmitlii  rii  c'1|iiiiI'Ti*i',  to  i  lie  \,'ry 
iiiii'tli  nl'l'liina,  iiiiii'iii;;  It  iiiiii  tlif  ii.i\ i^alili'  wa'cr-'  nf  lliit  riMT 
at  a  l.iwii  caliisl  Tii-n  t- n,  iint  niitrc  tliiin  I'l  initi's  ili^tanl  Irnin 
PckIii,  wliili'  il^  siiiitiii'rn  inniitli  mei-ts  im'  Vaii'.;  tsf-kiaiii'  ,'iil 
iiiili'H  Ih'Iiiw  N. III. , til."  "rules*  till*  Mtssi)*»i|'|ii  anil  Mi^-unei." 
«iy«  aniitliir  wi'iiiT,  "  ai-e  In  Ih- ciin«iili'n'il  I'S  mii' river,  llicn  I  In' 
A'lia/nn  l.i'iin:  tin'  lii-I.  tic  V.in^'  i^u'  luaiiu'  i»  tli''  si'ishhI  iImt  in 
till' W'lrl'l.  If  \'iii  C'lii-^i'liT,  liiiwi'M"  .  till'  ,'  niil  !■•*',  laii.iU  v\  liic  i 
il  -'iiiiilii-x  Willi  Wiili'i-  t'l  kt'i'|i  nii'lrr  i-iiii^Miit  irn;;iii"ii  tin' 
iiii'i'iiiHiliiii;  ••iiiiiin  I  111'  I'liiniiicrii'  wlncli  it  r.crii'siin  its  Iniasl, 
till'  rnnll'iiliii's*  ili«|il.iMsl  tin  its  li.mss,  wIh'c  tin'  rii'lnif^s  of  III  ■ 
tiiliajc  mill  till'  u'.e.'iiia'ss  nf  tin'  Inrlmu'e  :iri'  i|iiiii' .istiiiil«liinL' :  i 
if,  laAlly,  villi  mill  I  hi'  ilrph  iiinl  vuIiihh'  nt  its  ixati'i-s,  it  has  siiiiie  I 
t'liiiiiis,  I  iiiiii'i-ivi',  til  till-  \t'i'v  lir^t  iiluci-  iiiiihiil'  iIh'  nvrr-*  nf  the 
j^IiiIm'.      Ill  ^iiiii;;  ii|i  I  III'   rixiT.   nan  Irallx  *(M'akiiiL',  'In*  l'-l\  ;:iii- 

^'ra|lhi^ally  1  lie  rijlil.   hiiik   •<<   Ilic  I'ViT  i^  tin'  I  iiii'Iiin -iini' 

niili'.  riir  ran/i's  nf  lull,  witi'  li' i|in'iil  ly  .jil.iilril|il".  the  miil'i-l 
nvxivimi'.' ifiwn  liraci'tnlU  ami  ;:!niiiilly  •■nxani.  ti.i  mxit  Ilit' 
olli.r  suit'  |..i'  a  liiiiu  wax  i'.  lliii.  Ttii'  mat  liiili'  x'llaL'o  arc  frc- 
i|i|i'iiilx.  if  ii'it  ;;i'ni'rall^,  (iliuxsl  in  all  aii^li'  fnruii'il  lix  ii  ciiii.il 
Aliil  till'  ureal  rixer,"  I 


'Till'  I'hiii'Si'  haxc   hail   llicir  "  Vr-|tci'>,"   it  ii|i|H'ars.  iil'iir  llic 
fi-liiiiiinf  tlii'."si<'i  i  Ills.    "Wi'.nrixiil,'  saysl'iill'rrlluc,  "al  Cliiilinti' 

■  •lithe  l.'ithilay    nt'  tin'  Sili   ni<  lai.   the  iiiiiiixiiMiiy  nt   ^riiit  re* 

I'licinus  ai.liill;:  tin'  I'lliln-se        This  fistixill,  lilim^  t'  lls  Ilic  \  IU'-|iillfr 

il.iiaxi's  I'f  till'  .Mmiiil,  ilaii's  li'iiin  lllc  K'nintisi  iiiitii|nily.  llii 
"liu'inal  |ilir)Mist'  x\as  tn  liiiliiinr  the  liiniill  xxith  sllpri  stilinliA  liti'H 
I  In  this  Mili'iiiii  il.iy  I'll  l:il>iiiir  is  sii>|ii'iiilcil :  ihc  wuiknnii  nciixu 
a  jii'i'Si  III  i'(  niiincy  Iriiiii  lliiir  i'ni|'l"M  I's  i  rvciy  |n'r»iiii  imls  mi 
his  il"-!  I'lothc;  anil  Ih'ii'  is  imirx 'iinikini.'  in  i  vi  ry  fiilinlv. 
Iti'l.iti"iis  ami  friciiils  inlrn  liaiici'  cakes  nl  vaimns  si/es,  nil  xvliii'h 
i.  stani|H'tl  the  nn  iL'c  I'f  llic  nai'-n  ;  that  is  to  snx,  a  liiiri'  crniii'le 
ill;;  iniiil  a  siiiatl  ^fi'iiji  111  Iri'iK.  >iiice  Ihc  ti'iirtii-iilh  century 
this  ti'siival  'ais  Imriie  ii  (H,liiieitl  cliiinicler  litllc  niiih-rsli'iHl 
:i{i|i:ii'i'nllx  hy  tin'  Miiiijnis,  hut  the  tr.iilillnn  nf  wlii.li  i-  eiirilhlly 

|il.-erxeil  hx  111!'  I'hilii-l'.       .Vlmlll    I  he  _X  ear  I  illiH.  the  t'liinese  H  eru 

ilesip'ii'.  III  shakinu*  iill'lie  x,  ke  111  the  liirlai  ilx  nasi  x ,  fminileil  hx 
liiii;:lii',  Kli.i  .  mil  wlneh  lia<l  llii'ii  riieil  iluiii  pie  fur  iiiiirlx  ■ 
hniiilreil  xenr-.  .V  xasl  i'iin>|iii':iex  wti«  furineil  llirniiuhiint  all  t lux 
)iliixiliees,  w  liieli  wassiinllllaliiiillsiy  t'l  ili'Xi  1<  1)11' it  sell  nil  t  he  lift  eel  it  II 

■  lay  111  theel'.'llth  I II,  liX  the  l|i|l>sael'l' iif  the  .Miillpil  siillliers,  u  liu 

xxere  hiUeleil  ii|mmi  eae'i  riiiliC'i'  family  fur  the  ilinilile  |ilir]insi'  of 
lllainlilililllK  till  iiisi'lx'i'.  anil  lie  i''i|ii|lU'Sl.  The  s:;;iial  wim  ^'ivell 
hx  11  I' Her  eiinei'il  il  in  the  eike-.  iv  liieh,  as  xxe  liaxe  nliitiil,  arc 
nil  that  ilix  ninlilallx  llllelelhilik'el  I  lil'iilL'li'HIt  li<e  eiiiinlry.  'I'lll' 
nia-xaere  wa-*  1  ireeiiil,  ami  the  lailiir  .iriiix,  ili-perseil  in  IIil 
liiiiisi's  111   Ihe  Chiifi'M'.  mil  rlx  ainiiliiliiliil.       liiis  cans)  rnphc  put 

■  III  enil  {h  the   M' '111^1  il  ill  inn  I  tl  mil  ;    anil  ex  er  siliee,  I  la'  I  lliln-he,  in 

CI  h'lir.itinir  till'  tisiixiil  III'  Veii-piii;r,  Imxe  ins'ii  less  iiiti  lit  nn  lh« 
tiii|i«'r^lii i'lll'    xxiir-hip  nf  the   iiuhih  than  nn  the  Incie  event   to 

which  liiex   nWL',1  tlie  rei'uX'ery   nf  their   liatinlllll  lllill'lH-lllU'llCf." 


CHINA,   COCHIN  CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


Ill  tliis  ITiinii-Wfio  \v;ia  fiivo'irotl  Iiy  tlio  intriijues  of  I 
thi;    ciiiiicriii's    iriiiil         One    of  tlu'    iidlilis,    wliu    liail  ' 
rrcciviMl  iirdiTs  In   rnllci't     i   very    luiMUTniis  ;iniiv    in  , 
.Miiiir>iili;i,  Mini  til  (i\  riwlicliij  Cliiiiii  with    lllCSI'    llurdl'S, 
linil  IimI  tlii'iii  ,iL,';iin--l  llif   ein|icrni-    liimx-ll'.        Iliul    lie  | 
|ii'is(V('i'i'i|  ill  liis  iii;iiili,  111'  inii^lit  liMVf  t.iki'ii  llir  wlmlc  ' 
niiirt  iiiiil  ill!  till' ii|i|niitrii;iii(is  |ii-iM>in'rs  ;  Imt    nili'i- 
ini;  ii|i<iii   II   npgotiiitinii,  iiinl    tliitti'riii;;   liiiiisilt'  with 
I  111'    hiL,'lii'>l    ili^'iiitii'.s    tiilliii;,'    to    his    sliiiri',    lie     wiis 

whl'Ccllcil     illtn    nil       illtl'IN  ii'W,       llMll      llcli'dCll      llilllM'lf 

til    jii.-;tiii'.        Till'    iiiiiiistt'i    who    liiniij^ht    this   alxmt 
wiis  nil   riiiiiiy    toljii'   heir  lit'  ihi' I'i'iiwii.      The  hittiT, 
li.i'l  lirili  Milt   111  till'  afiiiy  ill  (iriliT  til  tiyht  his  tlithi'l's 
liattlrs,    ,'iiiii    Wiis    hiijlily    iiiiliiiiiiiiit    at     his    ciH'iiiy's 
siiii'i'ss,  anil  his   wiiiiniiL;  I  hi'   iilli  rlimis  nt   his   jiai'i'iit. 
Itirailril  liiially  to  his  |i:ilaii'.  anil  srciiriiiji  tin'  niiinli'!' 
(if  till'  iiiiiii>lrf,  thisyiiiilli  wi'iit  nil  I'liilirniliii;;  hiiiisi'lf  > 
with  all    till'   i;ii',it   iiii'li   of  the   stati'.       W'hi'li    tliu   iliii  i 
iif    \\:iv    i;n'w    iii'ari'i'    m   I  hi'   caiiit^il,    the    weak    ami  i 
ili'liainhi  il  |iriiii-i'   lust   all   iiiiiia',i',  ami   stnli'  away   in 
the  iiii.'hl    til   his   nativr  ili'scrls  ;  ami   thus  (MiiIi'iI   tlii'  | 
.Miiiii;iil  ilyiiasty.  A.D.   l.'SiIS.  j 

Till'    Mmiiidls  thciiist'Ui's  I'l'tiiril    nut   with  the  ciii- 
|iiiiir.  Iiiilfill  link,  sliiwly  ami  .sicnily,  ciiiiti'iuliii;,' thi'ir 
way,  ami  hulilini;  nil  fnrtrcss  aftiT  liifticss.    Many  kind's 
iiiiil    t'iii|i('fi)rs,    uli.is    ii'lilirri'hicfs,    s|)nin;;  iip— with 
tith's  as  j;iio(l,  tlu'y  s.iiil.  as  that  nf  Jluiii;  who.   At  lust 
thr   Tartiil's   coiiiiiiiil    thiiiisi'lvi's    to  a    ih'fi'iisivo    war,  ' 
anil  iinlv   oic.isionally  riishi'il  fnilh   to  rnli  mi  all  siilrs. 
All  thiy  now  hi.|n'il  was  tu  ^'I'l  hack  to  .Moni,'iili  i.    Itiit   , 
tliis  was   not  easy.      I.'ki'lhiir   |iri'ili'ri'ssors,   tin'    Kin,  ' 
tlu'y  hail  livi'il  with  ;;irat  |iiiilnsiiin.    'I'lii'V  hail  |iawn('il  | 
anil    .solil    tlu'ir    Imrsi  s,    ami    tlnir    anus    ami    lands  ; 
anil    when    the    sinhli  ii    alum    was   soinnhd    that  the 
Chiiu'sc  wi'i-o  on  llii'ir  ht'rl>,   tliny  looki'd    in  v.iiii   into 
ihi'ii'   .^tallies    fill-  II   switt    rliaii,'!'!'    to  cany    ihcinolf. 
Slralific  as   it  liiav  scciii.    ho  who    foillil   iii>|«cct  liow-a- 
(lavs    the    ,sho|iki'i'|ii'r.s    hunks    iifdali'uii    would    tind  a 
larjii'    catalni;!!!' of  llu|•.■^cs,    ha i  lacks,    hmisi's,   gnuds  and 
chattels,    ill   lii'li>n'.iing  tu  the  "  Hiiflit  H.iiimt'.-'  '  ^lai-ri- 
sniied  in  that  city,    in  jiawii   to  (Uiiininij   Chine.se  slmji- 
kei']ier.s. 


'  Tin- "  lt:iiiinTs"  nf  I'liiiia  MIC  i'c|iii\Mli'iit  tu  imr  ■•  lir:^;!iili'>. ' 
Wlioii  the  SliMiv.'"!  i'iii|"'rnis  iniiiiuiii'il  llic  i'iii|iirt',  thi'y  ;,'ii\u  to 
tin  ir  Mil.licrt  I'lTliiii.  I.nnls  iiinlcr  li'iniri'  nl'  militarv  sirviii'  wlicii 
I'lilliil  iiiwiii.  Till'  •' lliiiiinTs"  arc  iijraiti  salHlivnlcil  iiit'i  camtis 
ami  wiii^s,- -tlic  litr'il.  Iclt,  aihl  ('.'iilrc,  'l'lii'\  ari'  coiiiuiaii'h*! 
I.\  .illiciTS  mIiii  iiiiilcrun  cx,iiiii'iii(i  liis  in  tin'  iiiililarv  art,  sncli  a^t 
.in  Inn,  tl.iinvinu'  a  j.ivcliM,  Ai-.  'I'lic  ^ri'culiT  part  'if  tlio  ultii'i'i'-' 
arc  raiscil  frnni  tlic  ranks,  tiul  lii\i'  rcLrnlarly  tx  t,tki'  their 
ili'jjri'is.  An  ai'i'ciiiil  el  tlic  Ki^r  it  lianiicrs  nl'  I'arlary  i<  L'i»cn 
liy  I'atlnr  llni':    - 

"  ihn.ii'/  "iir  iii'ilt  >t  ri'iiast,  wf  nntifctl  that  .incut"  ihoc  I'ariars 
was  the  tiliji'i't  111'  i's|i4Ctal  atti'iiti<iii  nil  the  jiart  nt  liiti  ntairntc 
W'c  a.ski'il  him  what  ini.i^arv  i;  inlc  he  nci  iiiiiiil  in  tlm  llliic 
ItanniT.  'Win'ii  the  lianiier!*  ct  Tehakar  niari'heil  Iwn  yearn 
au'u  .a;;aiii»t  the  Keliels  nl'  the  ."^.aith  (ihe  Kn^-lisli,  In  iMt'ii,  I 
helil  the  rank  d'  I  ehnniiHJa.'  "What!  Wire  yna  in  that 
I'Min-'n-*  waruf  tiieSnnth!'  lint  hnw  i-  it  tint  ynti.  ^lle|lllerlls  nt' 
the  iila.n-.  havi' :iNii  t 'n'  eonra^'e  nt  ("•lilier-*':'  Aec'iitiinieil  tn  a 
life  lit'  )H'aee,  niie  wniiM  iinairnu'  that  M'Ii  wc.iilil  never  he 
riH'imeile'l  In  Ihe  terrihlc  Ir.nle  nt  a  s 'Mier,  winch  cmsi^ts  in 
killinv'  •  iImth  nr  lieiii);  kilieil  yniirselves,'  '  ^^  s.  yen,  we  are 
alK'liliei.l'i,  it  is  true;  hi:t  we  iiexer  Inivet  that  we  are  midier* 
iilsn,  ami  tliat  the  ha.'lit  It.iinierx  enni|HiM'  the  aiiiiy  nt  reserve  nf 
the  (Iraml  M.isler  (the  l]in|vrnr).  Ymi  i,mn\  the  ni!.'  nf  the 
Kiiipire ;  when  the  enemy  appear-,  tiny  S' ml  aifainst  them, 
tirst,  tlic  Kilal  M'Mieri ;  next,  the  lianntrs  nf  the  .Sulnn 
onnntry  are  M  t  in  mntinii  If  th"  war  i»  imt  tiirKheil  iheii.  all 
they  have  tn  iln  is  t"  t'ivo  the  »i;;iiKl  In  the  imnners  nl  'I'l  hakar, 
the  mere  Knnnil  nl'  wlnse  march  alwav-*  hiilHees  In  reihu-c  the 
reU'lii  In  subji'clinii.'      '  Wiri;  all  the  liiuuitrs  of  ii  liil;ar    alleil 


117 

The  most  dotemiiiied  aiita'.:oiiist  of  Htin/i-wno  was 
duulitlcss  a  chief  stylinn  liini>clf  I'ritice  of  II, in.  lie 
Hut  uiilv  h.id   a   lainc   land    fince.  Init  also  cuniiiiamled 


tnp'tin  r  lor  this  southern  wary*  *  Yes,  all;  iit  tiriit  it  wan 
thntiirht  a  -mall  mutter,  and  every  one  saiil  it  wmihl  never  atVeet 
the  Teiuikar.  The  triHips  nf  Kiltilt  went  tirj.t,  but  they  I'ld 
nnihiii^'.  The  hauliers  lit  ."'^nlnn  alMimarehiil :  hiii  they  enulil  lint. 
l»'ar  the  heat  nf  tile  Smith  :  theii  the  {'.mpeinr  sent  n>  his  >aeri  il 
nriler.  !'!aeh  man  selieteii  hi-  l)e>t  hni>e,  rcmn\  eil  tlic  ilu.it  trmii 
his  liiiH  anil  <pii\'er.  ami  M-rapi  il  theiii>i  Ir.  m  his  lance.  In  *-MTy 
tent  a  sheep  was  ktlleil  Inr  the  tea>t  nl  iliparture.  Woineii  ami 
ehihlren  Wept,  hut  wi'  aiMn.-seil  ti  them  the  wiinis  nf  rea«iin. 
•  Here,'  saiil  we,  'Inr  six  ;:i  neratiniis  have  \\e  reei'iveil  tlie  lieta-tit& 
nf  the  S,ieriil  .Master,  ami  he  has  a-keil  h'  in  u-  iintliiiu;  in  return. 
Nnw  that  he  has  iieeil  nt  n-i,  can  we  hi'hl  i'aek 'r  lie  has^i\en  tn  iiai 
thi'  line  rc'.'iiiu  m  lehakai  tn  !»'  a  pastnn  ■I..111I  Inr  nur  ealth'.  and 
at  the  same  time  it  harrier  fur  hilu  ;i^aiiist  lite  Khalkiias.  Ifiit 
iinw,  since  it  is  frniii  lite  .'Smith  the  rcli.U  can  e.  we  niii.it  niareh 
tn  till' Sniiih,'  Was  it  lint  re^k.....!  in  mir  inciithi,  .*iir>  I-anias'- 
^'es,  we  re-niKcd  tn  inarch.  Tin'  laerul  Oidinaiice  leailuii  us  ai 
siinriM',  anil  already  hy  iim.n  the  linchelinus.  at  the  heail  nf  their 
men,  stiKsl  hy  the  Tehnllallila  ;  next  In  tins*'  were  the  Nnurnll 
Tehaxii,  anil  the  Ou^'nuraa.  The  same  ilay  we  inarelieil  t 
rekili  ;  Irnlll  I'ekill  they  led  Us  tn  I  ieli  'I  sill- Vei,  where  we 
leinained  fnr  three  utnnths.'  *  Did  ynu  li^ht,'  asked  .Saindad- 
chitinha  ;  '  did  uai  nr  thi'  eiieniy'''  *  Nn.  Iliey  did  iint  dare  In 
apiiiir.  The  Kitai  tnhl  n-  eveiywheie  that  we  were  niiirehint.' 
iipnii  certain  and  nnavailinu'  ihatli.  '  Wlia!  can  ynu  .ln,'a>kiil 
tiny,  'against  sea  uiniiiii  rs'f  Ti.cy  live  in  the  water  like  li>h 
Wliiii  ynn  leait  expect  lie  in,  they  ap]iiar  nn  the  surlaee,  and  liui  1 
their  Ih'e-lHinihs  at  \  nu  ;  eelille,  tic  iliitaut  xntir  Isiw  is  Is'llt  tn 
ihnnt  them,  duun  tl  e\  dive  like  Irnps.  '1  lilli  1 1  e  \  esul;  ed  tn 
Iri^hteii  111 ;  hut  we  snliiiera  nf  the  l''i;:li1  Itanin  r- km  w  nnt  fear. 
Ilifnremir  deparllin  the  ^le.it  I.alnai  I  ml  n|  t  In  >l  the  Km  k  nl 
Celesti.d  Seeret-,  and  lull  the  nee  Icaiinn  tl.;it  tin  iiatlerw.ai.il 
end  well  fnr  US  I  I.e  Kn  pemr  hail  altai  la  d  In  .  :ieh  Trhniiamla 
a  I.ainii,  leuined  in  iiicdieiin  and  ikillid  m  all  tin  Mined  aU):urii  s. 
whn  was  tn  eiire  ail  die  Mildurs  under  him  if  the  iIisciims  if  tin 
ellniale,  and  tn  prntiet  lis  finiii  tl  e  nia(.':e  nf  the  Mianiniisti  n 
What  then  hail  we  In  liar?  'Ihe  nleU,  Inaiin^  that  tin 
iiivineihle  trnnps  i.f  'lehiikar  wi-ic  a|  pnin  1  in^r,  were  sei/'il 
with  fear,  and  m  injla  laaie.  Tl.e  Sairnl  .Master,  nf  Ini 
iiiiinenie  inerey  ^'ranted  it,  and  xve  letuiiad  In  the  care  ni 
nur  llneks." 

Tehiikar  slL;inlies,  in  the  MmiL'nl  tniij;iie.  Ilmihr  Land.  Tln- 
c  untry  is  limited.  i>n  tl  c  east,  iy  the  kin^iiiniii  i  f  tMchekteii,  mi 
the  nest  hy  Weitern  Tniiuiet,  mi  the  nnrtli  h\  the  .>-nnnint.  nn 
the  -iiuth  hy  the  lireat  Wall,  Its  extent  is  Inli  li  num  s  Imif;,  h,v 
I(HI  hiiiiiil.     The   inhal.itanti  nf    lehakai  are  all    paid  Mililiers  nl 

the   Kni|Hriir.       'f  he  fn.  t    snleliir-    receive'    Iwilxe-    eilinees   of  .-iUe  r 

pe-r  aiiniiiii.  ami  the  e.ivaiiy  twenty  ■Imir. 

The'Tei'akar  is  diMih'el  iuiei  ei^ht  hainnn  in  I'hiuesi' I'a-Ki 
distin^'ui-liiel  hy  the  naniea  nf  ii|;l.t  ieileair»:  while,  hine,  reel, 
velleiii,  Ireuili  white,  li>;ht  hliie',  |  ink.  ami  li^ht  yelmw.  Kach 
haiiiiir  hu»  ill  M'parate  tiriinrv,  aid  a  Inhnnal,  iiaun'd  Xmirmi- 
Teliayn,  haviiij;  juriMlielimi  iver  ..u  the  lualters  th.it  iini';  neeur 
ill  the  llaiiner.  Ilesieles  tliiK  trihunal.  tin  re  is,  in  each  .il  the 
K:^lit  itanmri,  a  eliief  calleel  On  limir.iha.  ( i|  the'  ei^dit  llii- 
(ieilllelii.es  eilie  is  M-le'ited  te.  till  at  tie  same'  lilm  the  pn>l  ,,l 
>:"Vei  iinr-tie'iiend  nf'iie  Ki^lit  l''aiim'rs,  .Ml  tlie-e' dii:i.itai  le's  are- 
lainiinateil  ami  paid  hy  the  Knipinr  of  t  lima.  In  lint,  lln 
t'ehaka  is  iieitiiin^;  innre'  iinr  hss  than  a  va-t  laiiip.  n.  eupieel  hy  an 
army  nl  resetve.  In  nrde-r,  im  dmiht,  that  this  iiriny  niiiy  he  al 
nil  times  leaely  t  i  niaieli  ul  the  lirsi  signal,  the  laitais  ,iii 
siverel'-  prnhihileil  tei  eiiltivati'  the  luiiil  liny  iiiu.-t  live  iipmi 
their  pay,  , ml  upmi  iho  pr  eline  nf  their  llneks  ami  larels.  Thi 
e'lUile   -nil    nf  the'    K  l'Ii.'     lialimri    is     llialicnahle'.       It     Milnelin.i- 

ha||H'iis  tine  an  ii.iliv  nhial  sells  his  pnrtini,  tn  i e  (Iniie.ie;  he.i 

the  Nile'  is  .il.iaM  ilieliieel  mill  iiiid  Vend  it  il  I'oiiie',-  ill  any   .-nape 
hetmethi   trilnina'.s 

lly  lueaiis  it  usury  and  euiiiiiii}:,  nnd  perieverim:  naehinati.ii>, 
the  Chiui'se  have  .linee  relldeleel  tlnlnieUe-  m.lste'r-  e.l  all  tin  laliils 
ell  their  cniiepiernrs,  leaving:  tn  lliini  nil  rely  their  empty  titles 
iheir  niiermis  st.i'Utnry  l.dsair.  and  the'  payiuelit  "I  npprisMvr 
rents.  Ilieepiality  .1  .Mante'liu  has  tliu..  hy  deirrei  s  hie'..iie  a 
ve.ry  e-.i-tly  all'air,  ai.'l  many  nf  e'..|iieipa'iie'.'  »eek  alln^'etl"  r  te. 
aliiava:.'  it.  .Vee'nr.liii.'  t.i  the  1  IK,  there'  i«  every  thirel  year  a 
eeiisU''  made  nt  tile  pnp.il.itimi  nf  ea.h  hanner,  iinl  all  im'I's.iiis  w  h. 
ill.  I  nl  I'.iu-e  their  iiainci  tn  he  imerili  .1  mi  ill.' mil  nr.' de.  ine.l 
iki  lejii^i  r  tn  bi'luin;  tn  the   .Mantehu  ii.iliuii  i  ihoie,   tlnrelnr.',   nl 


!  ii . 


11 


Its 


i 


^ 
m 


till-  wiitcr  ('(iiiiiiiiniicatioiis  liy  a  vcrv  liiri;i'  river  navy.  1 
Hum;,' woo  lit  tii>-t  sciiii.'lit  to  satisfy  lii>  aiiiliitioii  liy  | 
fililciiilid  |iroiiiisi's.  ami  to  dctaili  liiiii  tVoiii  tlic  alliance  | 

of  soinr  of  tl till  r  Iraili'i-s:  lait    tlic  I'lini'c  of    Kan 

so  irri'atly  sini  rcili'd  that  he  coiilil  not  licar  or  piMft'ss 
fiirn<lly  intentions  with  the  oni'  who  wishecl  to  share 
with  him  the  tliiiilie.  Heme  arose  a  lieiee  stni;,'^le, 
tthieh  kept  oiii'  hefo  for  several  yc  ars  em|>loye(l,  ami 
left  the  Mongols  time  to  take  hreath.  Whosoever  had 
the  eommaij<l  of  the  ^jreit  riveis.  was  naluially  in  com 
maud  i>f  the  most  llonrishin^  pirt  of  China,  and  liy 
liein!.'  eiialiled  to  olitain  su|>|>lies  whenever  Wanted,  and 
attaek  his  ciiemy  ii|miii  every  weak  |ioint,  mnst  have 
the  fate  of  war  in  his  liands  '{"he  sulijeet  of  ourhi>tory 
was  too  i;ood  .1  i,'c>ncial  not  to  see  these  ad\antai,'es  at 
oiiee,  and  his  wlniie  stietujlh  w.is  therefore  eoin'entiateij 
to  seen  re  the  navigation.  Hctirmineil  to  li;;ht  to  the 
last,  the  I'rinei'  of  llan  had  liis  war  lioats  chained 
to^etlier,  and  did  not  retreat  nntil  hi'  saw  them  all  on 
fire;  a  second  navy  was  cnitid  as  hy  m.igic,  and  the 
ivsistanee  was  eijiially  stronj;  lint  lliilij; woo  h.ail 
moil'  |ioweilul  arms;  |iersuasion  and  kindness  won 
over  many  an  inlliiential  otiicer:  so  that  in  the  heart 
of  a  naval  hattle  one  si|iiailron  alter  another  struck  to 
their  humane  prince. 

llniii;-woo  now  riLpirded  himself  as  the  minister  of 
heaven  ;  so  did  Attila,  so  did  .M.irie,  so  did  Napoleon, 
and  so  did  the  empciipr  N'ichohis.  ( )ii  invadin;;  Keaiii; 
siMi.  Hum.'  Woo  i»ueil  a  proclamation,  in  which  he 
declaied  all  who  did  not  suhmit  to  his  arms  to  le 
'•  triiitor'b  and  nliels  a;,'aiii-t  the  azure  heavens."  Kind 
treatment,  and  a  i;i  in  lai  amiMv-ty  secured  to  him  the 
attaclitiieiit  of  the  inli  iliiiants  ;  the  sulimi.ssioii  of  the 
ro\inj.'  hands  he  mi  and  liy  lirihes  Some  of  them, 
who  thoiii;ht  it  I  IcMi-  to  lake  the  money  and  sell 
themselves  a^'ain  to  .1  hitter  liidder,  he  chastised 
ine.xoralily.  I'ut  h'  did  not  conline  his  attention  to 
mere  exploits  ;  whenever  a  district  yielded  to  his 
\  ictorious  arms,  he  assumed  the  power  of  a  judije.  An 
open  hall  was  instantly  prepared,  when  .ill  those  who 
had  .my  complaint  to  make  olitained  free  acces.s.  Kveii 
old    ^'ariailous    women    were    not    excluded,    and    the 


till'  Al;ititr)ins  wlioM'  iiiili;.-,  nt  I'  iiiiliicr!«  tlirni  to  tU'^iri'  i-X('in|tti<iii 
I'mni  ^lMlall'  laln'cr  ;iiiil  imaii  1  •  mtvIic  iIi>  lint  |pri-i'iit  lliciii'^i'lvi  s 
til  I  111'  ciii-iis  I  iiiiiiii  >.iti»>.  iiiiii  liy  tliiit  iiiiiis>iiiii  inter   I  lie  iMiiks 

111' till'    Chillr-i'    {it'i>)ili-         I  I  tl>.    wlii'i'    nil    tl.c   "lie    h    ml    ci'listjilt 

mi;:'  iliiih  li.K  rurnnl  !>i'»i',  il  lln'  ( o-i  at  W  ;ill  it  ^riat  iiuinlitT  of 
Cl.itioe,  '11  till'  ,'1111  r.  ;i  ^rciit  hiiiiilicr  of  Maiiti'liu.i  liavo 
'.oltiiitnrilN  iiliilii'-iti'il  tl.rir  iia'. ioa.ilitv. 

'fill'  ilrrlini',  or  nilliiT  llie  extiiu'tioii  'if  (III'  .\(aiitcliii  nation 
i^  now  |if"i:n''»*iiiL'  nmri'  r-ipidlv  tlian  ever.  \'\t  to  tlic  rii^Mi  ot' 
ti'f  late  i'iii)ii'riir,  I  nmi  I'vi.tn,  tlic  rr;:iiins  wiiti-rt-il  liv  tlie  Sonpiri 
Here  ixiliisivily  inli.iliitiil  liy  .Mantiliiis :  intninri'  into  lliose 
Mii't  4lii«1ri('l>  »;is  |>n>liiliiti  il  to  till'  <'liiiii'M',  tiiiil  no  aiiin  wiis  |M'r- 
niitliil  111  iiillixiili-  till'  «"il  wiilnii  llii-ir  nii-c.  .\I  tlie  coni- 
iKciii'inictil  ot  tin    !ii-t  II  i;;n,  '  hi-,'  il  »Irii'N  wro'  piil  up  for  iiiililii' 

Kill',  111  iiril,',   til   -a|ii'l.\  Ihr  ili'Ili'i y  in   tlie    liniierial   trensiiry. 

llii'  Cliini-ii'  riislii'il  ii|iiiii  'l.ii'i  liki'  liiiils  .  f  pri'v.  iiml  a  li'w  years 
Millii'iil  III  reiiioM'  everytliiiiv-  Ilial  c'.iilil  ill  ao\«:iy  recall  the 
inenioiy  of  tin  ir  aiieient  |hk«i  «-i.r'<.  Il  W'Milil  U'  vain  Coi-  an  one 
iMiw  to  M'ek  ill  Manti'liii'ia  1  -.iiiL'te  to"  n,  era  sin^'le  1  illii;ri' that 
i^  not  coiii|i..Mil  iiiiirily  oli'l.in.w. 

^et,  aiiiiil  the  t'liiei  I  Ir  n-liiriiial''.|i,  iheie  are  siill  a  few 
triU'i..  snel,  ,1.  the  Si-I'i  ,r  .1  ■'.Sol'.n,  'vliii'h  faillifnily  retain 
tlie  .Maiilelni  H|»..  Tp  I.,  ili.' )ir(-eiii  iliy  II  .  ir  tirritorii's  have 
liien  ili\aileil  inilh.r  l.\  llie  Cllinese  l.or  l,\  eliltivalion;  lli.y  eon- 
llniie  to(l«,  II  ;.,  leiils,  anil  ti  riirni-li  soliliei-to  the  Iniiierial 
Hrtnitii.  It  lia<,  Uen  reniarkeil,  liowever.  that  tieir  ("ri'i|iii'nt 
uppeuranee  at  I'ekin,  ami  tlieir  loin;  pi  rii«U  of  Mrviee  in  the 
|i 'vimial  ^'arri>,ons.  ale  In  ^■iniiin^'  In  iniiki  Ii'rrililv  iinnaiU  n|Kiii 
till  ir  haliil>  ami  la.il««.  i 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 

patience  with  wliieli  tlio  victim  Ihu-c   their   invectives 


procured  him  the  hi;.{he.st  popularity. 

The  reliels  of  the  .siuit'i  lieili;;  now  cha.stised,  it  wna 
hiijh  time  to  visit  the  tt  eritories  to  the  west  of  the 
lloaii^'.-lio,  where  one  of  the  .Miiii;;'i|  chiefs  wius  .still  ill 
possession  of  manv  tiirtre.s.ses  'liie  army  w  as  approaeli- 
iiii;  to  cross  the  river,  vvlien  one  of  the  descendants  ol 
('oiifuciiis'  presented  himself  to  the  eompieror.  It 
was  always  Miiii^-woo's  principle  to  piiii  popularity, 
and  lie  therefore  rejoiced  |o  pay  homage  to  this  sai;e, 
upon  whom  the  whole  nation  looked  with  veneration, 
llavini;  i;iM'ii  the  de.seeiidani  of  the  oicat  sa;;e  \aliiahle 
present--,  with  assiirance-i  of  piotictioii,  he  cliarnied  the 
assemliled  niilltilude  hy  the  delereiice  he  thus  paid  to 
depii'led  merit.  in  only  a  few  minute  instances  the 
Mon;,"ils  icisted  the  invading  forces,  and  Sliein  .se,  as 
well  as  Shall  si.  received  ( 'hiliese  garrisons. 

After  numerous  tiiuinphs,  and  when  Hung  woo  liad 
show  11  that  he  despised  pride,  hy  visiting  in  state  the 
liiirying  place  of  his  poor  father,  tlie  lishermaii,  and 
liiiilt  a  large  city  over  his  remaiii.s,  tlie  eoni|Ueror  eoii- 
setited,  at  the  ckiiiioroiis  urgency  of  his  army  iind 
people,  to  he  named  Kmperor,  expressed  a  desire  to  lie 
appointed  "  pastor  to  continue  tlie  succession  of  Yaoli 
and  Sliiiii."  and  rai.sed  his  faithful  Ala-she.  his  iiise- 
|i,irahli'  eoiiipanion  in  joy  and  »o«,  to  the  dignity  of 
Kiiipress. 

MuiigW'oo"s  generals  followed  the  Mongols  lieyoiiil 
the  (ireat  Wall,  siirpri.sed  their  emperor's  camp,  and 
took  the  whole  of  the  Imperial  family  |iri.sonern.  Ngai- 
yew-chilipata,  the  son  of  the  deceased  empeior  (who 
died  in  l.'iTO,  two  years  .il'tcr  leaving  China),  contrived 
toe-cape;  lint  his  gr.iiidsoii  .Moil iiipalii  was  liroiight 
liefore  Hung  W(Mi.  The  victor's  liiiinr.'iity  was  shocked 
hy  the  proposal  ot  his  odicers  to  murder  the  yoiingprince 
in  the  hall  of  his  ancestors.  He  .severely  npioaehed 
the  cruel  advisers,  and  wa.s  moved  to  tears  at  the  fall 
of  the  .Mongol  (iMiiisty,  while  he  held  it  out  ns  u 
warning  to  future  sovereigns  tigiiinst  degrading  their 
station  liy  vice.  The  exertions  of  llnngwdo  to  conso- 
lidate his  empire  and  to  secure  peace  have  heeli  seldom 
ei|U.'illi'd.  Me  coiitiiiiially  dcilared  his  intention  to 
imitate  the  happy  days  and  ilinocent  lives  of  Vaoii 
and  Shun  (the  gol  liii  age  of  Chinee  history;,  reminded 
the  people,  who  imputed  his  own  origin  as  a  liiult, 
tiiat  l.ew'-pang,  the  glorious  founder  of  the  llaii 
dynasty,  the  gn-nt  emperor  Kaoutsoo,  had  U'eii, 
like  himself,  origjiially  hut  u  lolihei  cliiet.  The 
M'oiigols  fought  on  ;  until  at  last  he  iliiccted  his 
army  against  their  .slidiighold  in  the  province  of 
I.eaiiii  lung,  and  siihdmd  them  with  much  carnage. 
The  Chine-e  generals  showed  lio  iiieiey  to  the 
Miiiigoi  chiefs  and  captains,  whom  they  now  reganh'd 
ill  the  light  of  rehels.  and  resisting  the  decrees  of 
Heaven.      Many     Mongols     dtstroMil    ihein.selM's     hy 


'  Cnnltieia-',  acronlinj;  to  Kallier  Martin,  ailinilK  Ihri  r  |iriiia' 
prineiples, -Heaven,  man.  ami  e.irtli  ;  lime  Roru  of  kiio»leilj;e, 
liivine,  linnian.anil  earllily  ;  live  ilefris'iiiit  ieliilioiii.liip  in  wieiely, 

1-t,  I  'f  latlier  ami  »  n  :  Jinl,  ( >t  11  an  ami  Hoimiii  ;  Miil.Ot  priin'i' 
ami  siil'iii'ls  1  ilh.  Ill' rrieiiils;  'itli,  ami  liml.  Of  iialienH.  'I'lien 
them' Chinese  lilei'iili  i;o  on  to  treat  of  les-er  onlim,-  liilnnjjinn 
to  (.'lies!-,  \i-ils.  anil  i  nli  rlaininenln,  ami  lilci'wii'e  for  tlir  aicini- 
nioilalioii  lit  visitor'^,  .mil  of  tlie  tle|Mii-Iiiipiil  of  the  Ih'iIv,  with 
iiiaiiy  oilier-,  in  the  anionni  of  M.(HI0,  ii«  Kalfer  Martin  tells  in 
his  "  llii'ory  m  Cliini"  llie  fainily  of  C'lnliiiinii  aie  the  nnly 
lieri'ilitary  n  liillly  in  China.  iiiii>t  <  f  the  I'lnpernrii  t'leepti'il,  the 
meinlii  rs  lit  \\  hieh  li  ive  peii-ioiis  );ranli il  In  tliein  In  |irii|i<irtioii  10 
the  priipini|iiity  or  ili-liinee  nt'  their  relutiiiiiHliip, 


9l 


ill' 


Jlw 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 

snit.'idt', — (itliriN  wore  liolicaileil  l>y  tlic  ('liiin'sp, — ami    otViccr,   litiviiii,'   ciinsi 

"tlii.s  oiico  ln-avc  nu'c,  who  i'iiiii|ui'rcil  tlir  };ri'at<T  |iart 

of  thi'  ((111  wiirlil,  wen;  crdiicliiiii;  iH'tiin-  tln'  I'tU-iiiiii  ttc 

ChiiH's*',  ranit'stly  suiiii;  fur  lite"     Tin'  liaml  otfiocl 

wad  oil  tlii'in  ;  aii<l   tlif   ticrco   nico,  c'lcvatod   lor    Ills 

:;cmh1  |)ur|>>isi'.s,  til  a  iiiii^lity  nitupicror  ami  a  ilfsulatiiii; 

MMiiirj;!',  were  innv  limiiiiiali'il. 


lit 

to  visit  tlip  manilnrin,  xav\  tlif 
yoiiii;;  Tartar,  ami  toiil  lii.s  cdIIi'ii;;)!!'  tliat  lin  litli  tlie 
risk  ot'  ilra\viii}{  ijowii  on  liimx'lt  tiif  indignation 
ot"  tin-  Kiii|MTor,  rill'  otiicr  answcrcil  tliat  In-  would 
'  net  rill  of  liini,  Imt  that  in  liiu  nicantinn'  tln-y 
xlionM  i;ivi'  tlii'niirlvi'S  ii|i  to  tin'  ili'li;^lit'<  nt'a  liam|ni't, 
!  In  till-  inti'iiiii  iIh'  yoiiiii;  man.  win.  Iiail  ovri  lii'ani  this 
Much  of  the  sui'i'i'ss  of  lliin^'WiNi  was  owin^  to  the  iliscoursi',  tianni;  tor  his  lifi'.  orilffril  a  Krooin  to  sailillii 
wiHC  coiinsiils  of  his»ife  Ma  sin-,  who  inlluitirril  all  thr  swit'ti'st  of  his  master .s  horsi's,  savin;;  that  In-  IimiI 
hi.s  artions,  ami  ooiilrollcil  his  sli'ps.  Ai'i-i'ss  to  |iow('r  ,  a  coininis>ion  of  iiii|iiirtani'i'  to  rxcrutr.  Mr  iiionntnl, 
was  rnihittcrril  liy  her  loss  ami  lliitof  his  chli-^t  son.  ninl  roilr  olf  at  full  s|ii'i'il  to  tho  SVhiii'  Mountain, 
K('i'liii>{  his  I'lnl  a|i|)ri>ai'hini;.  hr  sent  all  tin-  |iiiiii'i'S  of  whrri'  he  annoiinrril  to  Man  wiing  (hi'  Km|iiior's  trca- 
his  lilooil  to  till*  iloiiiains  in'  ha  I  as-ii,'ncil  tln'iii,  t'ai'h  i  rhriy.  and  tin'  lati'  of  liis  \infoi  tiinatr  roiii|ianions  in 
Hcjianito  kingdom,  k)'i'|iin;;  his  Inir  (i  lad  of  rh'Vi'iu  ,  arms  llan-wiinL!  si'iit  ids  I'ldi'st  son  tocaptnir  Monk- 
alone  in-ar  iiiiii.  lie  died,  at  sevnity-oue  years  of  age.  den,  in  ilie  inov  ineo  of  j.i'aou  tang  ;  Imt  on  ids  utreat- 
in   \3'.>S.  in:;,  I'l  ini  .il  nni  at    liie  t'l.ree   o|i|io.-eil    to   hini.  Iir   slew 

Tiie  |)araiii.'l   in   tiio  eomluct  of   lliiiig-woo's  iiisnr    !  linn  wiili  Ids  own  hands,  and  liimself  e,i|iiurrd  the  city 
reetioti,  and   tliat   going  on   at    tiie  present   period  in    liy  storm 

< 'iiina,  is  so  elose,  tliat  it  ean  Old  v  111!  accounted  for  iiy  Ilis    warriois   seenicd    to    he   .so  resist le.ss,    tiiat  tlio 

tlie  latter  lieing  all  expre.ss  iinit  ition  of  the  foriin'r.  Chim'se  gein'rals  despaired  of  opposing  theni.selves,  innl 
ilis  appearanee  w.is  as  iN'iiiirk.tlile  as  his  valour,  .and  ealled  in  I  lie  aid  of  their  loyal  va.ssals.  tlie  I'oitngue.su. 
his  stati'srnaiiship  more  thin  eipial  to  ilis  niilit.iry  skill  \l  that  time  (•oii^ilve/.  Tei.xerii  was  anili.issailor.  or 
lie  wius  most  anxious,  in  all  lasr.s,  to  avert  tiii;  etliision     ratlier  trilmte  liearer.'  at  I'ekin   ;     and  as  tiie  Kmpi  ror 

of  hlood  ;   and  the    instil s  of  eriielty  wliieii    Deriirred     liin'i-.div  fiiniisiied    tlie    means,  a    Imdy  of   l'(MI    I'litil- 

ut  the  siirreiiiler  of  eeitain  eitie<,  and  tiie  |iiinisliiin'nt  giiesi'  and  -d*  Westi'rn  Asinties  were  eipiipped.  ami 
of  reiiels,  must,  as   in  the  present    iiistanre.  not    he   ini      sent  to  the  eapilal.      I'iiirii  of  tiiem  iiail  a  servant  ami 

piited  to  the  orders  'if    lliingwoo,  Imt    rather    to   tiie     plenty  of iiev  ;  so  tliat  the  wholi.' eavaleade appeared 

indiscreet  revenge  of  his  ^ciier  ds  : — even  tin!  young  nioie  like  a  ;;.iv  eiiuipaL;e  than  a  real  army.  Whrii 
.Momgoiiaii  prince,  gramls.m  of  tiie  enipeior,  was  niiin  tliey  nailiel  IVkin,  the  ollieers  of  Canton,  dniiliting 
tained  liy  iiiiii  at  court  willi  princi'iy  spleinloiir.  an  I  th"  jKilicv  of  peiniitting  such  access  to  the  court,  liriiied 
preferred,  when  full  lilicrly  was  olfercd  to  iiini,  rathi'i-  ilh.se  wlio  li.ad  s;igi;estcd  this  nna-siire  to  dissu.ide  tlie 
to  remain  with  his  generous  enemy  tiiau  run  tiie  risk     l-jnpira'    Ir  mi    emploving   the   luiriiarians  :    and   thus 


of  returning  to  his  native  teiit-s. 

VI.— "THK  LAST  OF  THK  MIXGS." 

On   tiie   dentil  of    I  lung-woo   his  .soils  at  once  i t 

ilis  graiid.son.  whom   he    had    r.iised  up   to   the  empire. 

with  a  formidaliie  eo:iiitioii.       lie   dei.'ra'led    so Iml 

oiH'  of  them,  the  I'liiice  of  Yen,  ih-featcd  liiiii,  drove 
iiim  into  exile,  and  ascended  tiie  tliroiie.  What  follows 
of  the  story  is  Imt  a  rerapitulation  of  l.oy  eiii|M'iMrs  and 

eunuch    ministers,    with   Tart.ir    irrupt s,    until    we 

arrive    at    ."^liin  t.suiig   or     Wan  li  ;    in    whose    reign 


'I'" 
was  this  little  liind,  under  the  valiant  ca|itaiiis  Cordier 

and  I'd  Uapo,  led  hack  to  Macao 

Tien  Willi'.;,  tired  of  war,  propo.si'il    a  |H'ace  ;   hut  the 

liii|H'i'iil  1 rt    aii>weicd    hy  a    rescript,  ordering   tiie 

extermiu  iti.'H  C.I' :ill    liiiiharians       N'otliiin;   was   hraid 

of    1ml     i-\tiiiiiiiiation  -  tin'    f;i~hi.iimlili'    word   of  the 

t'iiilic-e    aillhorlii's    in  war.      Tin-    .Maiilclins   gaM'    up 

all  iio|ii- .,f  n.gotiating  witii    Midi    a    prople,   mid    took 

pos.se.^sioii  of  \a'hi<  tuiig,  from  which  they  iiiadi    ini'iKids 

to    the  gales  of   I'rkin.        The   terrilied   generals,    siiit 

out     to     .'in  liliilati'     them,    disa|ipi-ared    liki-    yii;antie 

sh.ido.vs  at  the  approach  olni'.'hl.  .and  not  witlistanding 

all  edicts  to   the    contiaiv.    tlie   li.iiliarian-.   grew    nmre 


tlie  cplehratvd   Jesuit"  father    Uicei    lir.st    app.'ai-s     in    iiow.rfiil  every  day,  and  would   no  longer  hear   of  any 


«;i 


treaty. 


Wan  lisentofficers.wlioilesliovC(lalltlieholls.'softlH' i  Tin'  old  emiH  ror.  Waii-li.  took  these  rev  el-ses  so 
Niuclii  mi'rcli.inlsiieartimhoider,ainldri.vetheNiuc!:is  mu.ii  to  iicirl,  liiat  he  fell  si.  k  and  dn'd.  kwaiig 
—now    called    the   .Mantehiis  —  to   despair.      IlitI      to     tsiiiig.  the   next   eiii|M'ror.  died  also,   from   taking  "the 

they  iiad  i i  a  scattered  nation,   hut  they  now  united     li'pnir  of  immoilaiity  "-a  trick,  it  is  .sup|Ki.sed.  ot   tlie 

cf.  wini.  in  Itil.'*,  assumed     T.iou    priists,    to    rid    I'lemselves   of   a    monarch   who 


under  Tien  niiig.  tiieir  lirsi 


the  style  and  title  of  Kmpeior,  iiaving  iiiit  a  few  naked 
savages  under  his  l>aiiin'|-  Ilis  fatiier  iiad  lieeii  mur- 
dered hy  Wan-li'sotlici'i-s,  and  he  swore  tiial  lie  would 
sacrifice  LMMi.IKII)  (,'iiiiie.se  to  Ilis  manes  He  kept  his 
fearful  oath.  The  Kiiii«'ror  Shiii-tsuug.  in  order  to 
weaken  tiie  power  of  his  dangerous  rival,  llaii-«ung, 
the  .Mantciiu  chief,  he.soiiglit  iiim  to  send  to  him  the 
Mower  of  his  w.irriors.  under  pretext  of  wi.4hiiig  to 
march  them  against  the  Mongols,  who  were  threatening 
his  states  ;  liut  as  soyii  as  liosaw  tiieiii  in  ids  |iowi-r.  lie 
caused  tiieiii  all  t^i  lie  put  to  dentil  (aiiotiier  slaiigiiter 
of  the  Manieliikesi  witii  tlie  exception  of  one  only, 
whose  giMiil  looks  interestid  .i  inandarin  in  Ids  favour, 
who  took  liiiii  into  tiie  niimlier  of  idsdomestii'.s,  and  he 
so  gained  his  eonlidenee  that  he  la'caine  steward  of  his  „|„|  .,,  ,t  nt-rv 
household.     In  some  time  afterwurds  uiiutlier  Chiiuwe  ,  hid  m«il  ' 


ii|,plies     t arefillly     to     lmsilies.s.       Ilis     successor, 

lie  tsiiiig.  reiiincd  Iml  .se\en  years 

The  story  of  the  inxt  empiior.  the  last  of  tiie 
Mings,  is  well  told  hy  Adam  Schall  and  Fatiier 
Martini,  missionaries  wiio  witiies.seil  il 


'  \\\  aiiil..i».i.il..r.  ari'  sivl.-.l  " liilmti-lK'ar.n "  by  tlio  {  l>lne«» 
l,i,|„riim«.  iniil  tin'  iir.s.nts  u-imll.v  liri'iiu'lit   li.v  llic  •■  «"•  •'"ini; 
.l.ml  Irilmti-      Tlirir  Ictt.rs  nr.'  in  llir  loniMil  [k  lili.um.  nr '  pm, 
-  I„.niv  til.-  r.l'.i*il  t"  ^iii-''P'  f'l'l-iia  I'^ll"""  cr.-.l.-iilmli..w  •<il«r- 
int.-ii.l.'iit  ut  (iml. in.  «lil.-li  l-.l  I"  a  «  ir.      If  ,V"ii   l"-Kn.  iTreino 
nil"!    «itli    111--    rhiiifsi-    \.>ii    niu-l    k.-.-l 
|M-rfii-t,  iiH  il  i-  ;>  ni;ill.-r  "t  y 
annili.-r,  in  .-iTii     ' 


II    With    tiii'iii  lunl  Iw 

M.I.-  111  llll.'lli  I"  p'l   till-  iH-ttiT  nf  mil' 

ami    |Hiliti-ii.-HK.      Hut  if  villi  iiw  no  ctTt'- 


i„,,iiv  «liat~»vcr   «illi   lli-ni,  tli.-v  M    ,miii   Imvi'   .vmr  n*"  «»», 
kUiiiI  ii«i.l.'   Ill  I'-l  lla-   '■"<^^  "'"«''  'i''"'*  K" 


ih 


ItO 


ALL  ROUND  THB  WORLD. 


I'wi.  p-.*t  p.Mwr  ctiift*,!  I.r  niKlSlmni;.  iiil'fst»Ml  tlin  liciirt.      "Till  tliis  tiiiif"  (lus  A-I.im  S.lmll  nvvrn)  "the 

ciniiiiiv.    Mijil   Wror.'  t(>  (l(Ti|iiiir    tlic    Kiii|ifri(r  'IVhiij;-  eoMitiris  liad  ki'jit  tli#  iinmrrcriimi  Iroiii  tlif  niifitnu-M 

chin;;,  wli.i  Imd    more   to   <!••  tiniii  lio  roiilil  Miiumgt-  in  j  kHiiwlc.lj;r   piirtly  Viy  tilliHj.'   liiiH    iln-y  wnv  only  for- 

ropiii^' witli  the  T«naw,  iiiiil  l>(jj.iii  to  be  ijuitf  out  of,  geiio.s,   though   tht-y   wi'ic  iinlccd  ccitttiiily  true,  and 


.s^,-t:n'e'.- 


''i\ 


emiEir  Hioiin.-«aii  Tiotn 


III  11 


vl 


partly  liy  rxteniiatinu'  tin'  Imsini-ss,  whiih  wiix  tho  nun 
of  till'  fni|piii' 

The   ein]»  inr.    iiiiw    ronsi'il   liy  the    imise   of  iirins, 
which  ilaily   increased  in  his  ears,  bestirring  himself,     with  feigned  stories,  now  also  regarded  nut  the  danger 


though  too  late,  to  ipu  tirh  the  (lime,  and  raising 
sevi'ral  armies,  eonsnlted  to  fortify  rekiii.  Itnt  the 
enniiiiis,  wlio  all   this  while  had  ijelnded  the  emperor 


'  Till'  u'cmnil  (•"iieniHsiMii  nf  mlilHTv,  itiiii  tliP  pri'valiMirc  of 
hanils  uf  lliievi!*,  ppivi'S  tin'  »iii«iiiss  of  the  ),'iivL>iiiiiiL'iit  in  Cliiim, 
-ii'tt  lln'  iu*iirrt'''li'»n:iry  Wispi'^iiion  nt*  tlu!  iKifpIe.  In  one  (ii>- 
Irictof  llii-|H''.i.  tiii';.''iM'rniir  n'ii"iliil,  in  IHiS,  "that  viTV  I'l'w  <it' 
th  inh.ihitaiit<  liav.'  mu  r.  .-ill  ir  Hi'iiiialiuii,  aiiillhiir  ilispn^iitKiiiH 
:ii\' I'U'Wiliiu'ly  Icr.iri.Di-. ;  iiii'\  li.'ht  ami  Li!l  eacli  othir  iin  rvvry 
|iniv  NMtinii.  Ill  tlu-ir  \  1.  i_'i>-  tii^j  harlniMr  thirvrit,  wlio  lli'c  t'nini 
iith'T  ■li^lrirts.  anil  sail  >   l.rlha^faii  to  phitnliT."     In  tin' norlhi'rn 

pirti   •("  K«anir  tun.',  tiif  1 pli'  liavj    crii'triMiiirh  and   «lrcnii;lv 

built  ho'i-ieH,  to  \*  iiii'li  th.ytl'-''  for  wilfty  I'nnn  Ihr  attari.H  ot' 
MhtitT*.  Tluw  aii'U  ^'•Mi'linic^  tall  np-ui  i-ach  I'thi-p.  ami  the 
fi'UiUl  uiiimtwiti,'^  of  fla.i^hip  ail'lin;^  fuel  ami  r.v^>'  \>*  thr  riviilrv 
of  fk(rtis.in  wirfire.  tlu'  ili'strnt-tion  o('  lit,*  anil  piMperty  is  irn-at. 
I  >i-<'uioimlly  till'  i>.-.Mi'i'  zi'al.m^lv  ll^»i.t  tliiir  rnliTs  to  apprrhcml 
iheiii,  tiioti^ii  their  f\i'(-ti'iiiH  tirpi'nti  altoL'itluT  upon  the  em-ru'v 
■f  till-  ill,' I  nticitt  ;  an  "tftfcr  in  l-nh-kim  v^ai*  ri'i'i'ininei  dcil  tor 
prmnition  U'-iin-if  lie  iia>i  apiirrliriali'ii  17:t  |«'rs4iTiH,  part  of  a 
bill  of  ri'hlier*  whirli  I  itil  itili-»ieil  the  ilipnrtiiieiit  for  jenr»,  anil 


trit'il  anil  eonvicteil  l.HiO  criininuls,  most  or  all  of  wlnnn  werepm- 
lialiahlv  I'xi'inti'il.  In  IHJl  there  were  four  liniiilrrd  nil  Urs 
tiiki'ii  on  tilt'  horilern  of  Kuh-kuMi ;  in  IS:;7,  two  hnnilri'il  u-re 
hi'izi'il  in  till'  south  of  the  ptovine.-,  tinil  loti\-uni'  morf  lir'on;:lit 
to  L'unton  fioin  the  i'a>twaril.  I  he  povirnor  olUii'il  l.(MKiili,iliii» 
ri'ivaiil,  in  INlJH,  lor  the  eaplnie  of  one  leailir,  anil  ;t,(Kio  doll  ns 
for  anolhi'r.  The  jnd^'e  ot  the  provinie  put  lorlh  h  piiKliin;al  on 
npim  till' Mihjii't  in  the  sanii' M-:ir,  in  whiili  lie  sa_\s  therr  wiii' 
lour  hundri'il  and  thirty  nmltridid  eii-es  ol  rohliiiy  liy  liri. anils 
tlii'ii  on  the  eali'inlar;  and  in  IStti  tlnre  wire  upwiinls  of  two 
thousand  v. aitin^  his  liii-i'-iiin,  tor  em'li  of  whtrh  tlirn-  were  prr- 
liiipa  Hve  or  six   persons  waitii'iL'   in   prison,  or  nndir   ronsMaint, 

until  tl asi'  was  >ettliil.     These   hands  prowl  in  the  larsre  lilies, 

and  roniinit  :.'ri'at  ernrlties.  In  IHJWI,  a  party  of  live  hnnilrid 
o|K'nly  plnnilrrrd  a  lieli  inuii's  hoii'e  in  the  we-tiTn  Milnirlm  of 
Canton  ;  and  in  "lian  ti'h,  south  of  the  ri'y,  Cl-'i"  was  |iaid  lor 
the  ninsoin  of  two  ih-rsons  carrii'd  otfhy  thi"ii.  Th,'  tlnvi  nor  of 
C'lllitiin,   ill  IHIll,  wua  attacked  hy  them    near    the    Meiliii);    lor 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 


131 


Kc  WHS  ill,  l)iit,  pontrivoil  to  sivvc  thomsM^lvos  m  his 
iMiiii,  liy  i'iiiit'eil('ratlii<;  willi  the  ciicniy.  Diiriii;^  this 
tiiiit)  l.ii'iiii^/.  (Li'tzc  shuMjf,  till'  loliliiT-cliiit')  wiit 
Rcveviil  acililiers  in  tlisjjuisc  t  p  tlic  cimrt,  mid  t'liniislicil 
tliem  with  moiu^y  to  tlrivi'  a  tiali',  tin"  ln'tdT  to  ciduli 
thi'ir  (losi<;iis,  till  ho  shoiild  cdini^  wiili  his  iiriiiy  to  tiir 
lity  Willis,  ami  then  lui'ak  tiiitli  in  miitiiiios.  To  this 
|il<it,  (lusigiu'il  at  cimi't,  l.iciiu^')'.  aildcil  aiiuthiT,  viz., 
jii'ivato  corr<'s|iondfnLit  with  tint  priiiiu  ooiiiicillor  ! 
of  state  ;  who,  it  was  said,  oli^frviim  the  eni|iei-or's 
imsincss  to  ho  riiintMl,  had  aj^ived  with  tliu  rchel  to 
(leliv'tT  th<!  city  ;  hnt  whcthci'  it  was  so  or  not,  hn  ] 
marched  with  all  speed  to  IVkiiif  within  whose  walls 
Wi-ro  seventy  thonsand  soldiers  under  three  thoiisaml 
foiiiniandoi'H,  and  the  store  housi.'s  provided  with  all  I 
manner  of  ammunition,  anil  the  walls  round  ahont 
planted  with  ^reat  jfuiis,  of  wliieli  the  reliels  (as  they 
afterwards  confessed)  were  exiM'ediiii{ly  afraid.  But 
that  fear  soon  vani.slied.  for  their  as.soeiates  within 
advised  them  to  storm  the  eity.  promisiii<;  to  shoot  only  i 
powder  without  luillets  aiiain.-t  them,  hy  which  means 
l.ieun^z  marohud  with  all  his  men  (anno  i'ltl),  in 
Ajiril,  into  the  eity,  the  j^ales  lieiii;;  opened  for  him.' 
Noitluu-  did  the  emp'ior's  party  make  iiny  loiif;  resi^t- 
iinee,  for  hicunj;/.'  soldiers,  who  till  this  time  had  kept 
themselves  private,  aceording  to  their  agreement,  made 


I'luiii  Uidtfo  Mouiitmiisl  I'uss,  on  liis  ilcpartiiiu  fmm  ('aiit'Mi,  imil 
|ilimiliTitl  iit'iilnHit  lo,OiKii|cillars.  riicinaijistrales  nl  Kiiiiii;-slmii 
ilistrii't,  wimtli  <»('  t'linlun,  were  nrdeiiMl  by  tin  ir  sii|n'rii»r>,  tlie  Siinu' 
year,  tn  ii|H'i'ilii'ml  (ivi'  IiiiikIiikI  ol  tlic  ruliliirs.  Tin'  Imzv  |iTii'st.H  ' 
lit*  Itiulilliii  mitl  till*  'fault  tiiniiks  .HoiiKiiiiiifs  Imrhoiu'  ^.itiir^  in  their 
ti-mj>lc«,  .111(1  iliviil.-  11,,  >ji  Ills  nitli  lli,iii,  cirrasi.inallv  cvni  trmii.' 
out  thLMii!.t'lv( -,  .th  pi'i  (lat.n-;.  i-\i'iir.si,tiis.  N.niirrcy  is^lu  wti  llit's,' 
ini.s(!roaii(s,  wliin  t^k.ii;  lait  tlic  iiiiilti|i|i>'atii>n  of  ixicutinlis  \i\x» 
no  t'Hect  In  'Irlririiii.'  Iliciii  t'niiii  crliii,'.  | 

'  Tliis  is  till'    nay  tliii    I'lait'   party    ar liii',;    in    Cliinii  at 

preHcnt.      It     is    a    wiinili  rl'iil    CMnnliy    iit    >liaiiis    anil     slmw.s. 
WItiiesi   till'   filluwiii^;    iHviu ii'Mi'e    at    tli  ■    I'l'iiiaii^    Kints,   mi 
till)   IVili  I  riier.  niimiiaiiiliin;  tlie    apiimacli    to    IVkin,    In    tiie  i 
rifent  cxiioilitioii ;  — 

A  troop  of  \lon^'olian  cavalry  appcare  1  ilrawii  up  on  tlie  liri(l;n'  ! 
anil  rausi'Way  to  tin'  li'fi  ,,|'  ilic  io«ii,  wlio  uaU'liinl  our  pruieil-  ' 
iii^s  for  .siinu-  liini\  iiiiil  tlii'ii  rmli'  oil' in  tlie  iliriTlmii  ot'  tin'  'I'akii 
t'orti*,  iloiilitU'ss  to  report  our  arrival  to  San;:koliii.sin.  Kla^!* 
alDO  wi'iT  llyiiii;  fr  ,111  tlir  torts,  anil  niiiiilHTs  of  nii'ii  coiilil  1,0 
siK'M  pcvpini;  out  tVoiii  lii'liinil  tile  iniiiilli'ts  of  tin'  I'inlira'.iiri  s,  .so 
tiiut  we  antii'ipati',1  s  mii'  ri'sistanri',  anil  a.<  it  ti»ik  all  the  eveiiin-.; 
to  liiiiil  till'  forrc  wliifli  hail  liccn  told  oil' for  tlie  opcr.ttions — vi/..,  i 
si'coiid  liri;,'ailr  of  iho  First  Division,  I'oinnianili'd  liy  liri^'ailii'r 
Sutton,  ami  ■J.'iOO  Kri'iirhnii'ii  it  was  dt'tennini'il.  I  hi'lieve,  that 
a  joint  attack  should  he  made  next  inoniin);  hy  the  ^'uiilioats  in 
front  anil  the  all  ed  re,-  nioiil-  in  I  lie  rear,  liy  Minsit  the  troops 
had  paiiM'd  tlirmi;;  the  nind  and  seized  the  causeway,  without  iinv 
iippoHitioii ;  a  halt  was  thin  made,  nnd  uc  hivouacki'd  for  the 
iii({ht.  .Meanwhile,  shortly  afler  snusi't.  Sir  IIii|h'  (iniiit  had 
pushed  on  with  a  few  men,  and  enleted  on  ill,'  oiitsUrts  ot  tin' 
town,  where  a  riiinanian  w.is  s,  i/.i'il  who  sanl  ihat  the  lorts  were 
euiply  and  unilcfcnili',',  v\  herciipou  Me;.sis.  Parkes  »nd  Uihson,  of 
the  eonsiil.ir  .serv  le,  an  I  Captain  Willlains  ol  llu,  Koyals,  with  a 
coujile  of  men.  ni.ide  him  lead  them  lliriif^'li  the  town,  and. 
kiekini;  open  a  irate  at  the  rear  of  the  soulli  fort,  they  foiiiid  that 
hii*  statiiiient  i\a^  coned,  that  tlnre  were  only  a  few  old  woikIi-u 

!?>'»»  i"  « eof  th,' eiihiiisiiri's  and  that  the'llaifi  anil  mantlets 

were  all  a  sham.  A  iiiiinlMr  i.f  inhrnal  ni.iclilnes,  however,  hiiil 
bei'ii  very  cuuiiiiii;ly  placed  uiidcrL'rniind  jiisi  insile  the  irate',  and 
at  the  iHittoiu  of  he  a.^icenls  to  i  aeh  cii\iili,r,  and  had  any  oiic  of 
tlimn  explmled,  it  mi^rlit  liioe  done  eon-iilerahh'  ilainaifc.  The 
iiiaii  who  WHS  rii-Dnnoitiiii);  foiiiiil  the  liridp'  across  the  di  v  ilicli 
which  mirriiiiuds  il  treiiihiiiif;  wit  i  his  wci(rlit,  and,  u|Hiii'a  care- 
ful fxaniiimtion  Mug  made,  il  was  shown  to  Ih' so  const iinlnl 
with  levers,  Ac.,  as  to  form  a  larce  hamnier,  Hhich,  in  the  rush 
of  any    hiMly    of    nieu,    would    have   exploded  some    detoiiatiii'.' 

powder  In  i anuuicatiiiu  with  a  larp' ipiaiitily  of  nnn|K.wdir". 

ciructually  destro^int;  '<"''  "'"I  »"  witliiii  it.     Of  the  guiia  found 


an  uproar  in  the  eity.  w  hieli  eaiised  ho  ;{reat  a  eonfiisioii 
that  none  knew  with  wlioiii  to  >ii|i',  and  every  place 
was  tilled  with  slaiii.'hler.  liereiipun  Lieiiii^rz,  lus  con- 
<pieror,  marelied  tlirouoh  the  city  direelly  towards  llif 
em|H'ror's  pajeee,  wliii  h  he  soon  took.  The  enemy  had 
pit  the  tiist  wall  lielore  the  emperor  knew  of  any 
ilaii!;i  r,  for  tlio  rehels'  eonfedeiates  (the  eniiiiehs,  win; 
had  all  the  command  in  their  own  power.)  eontiiiiially 
|iersimilei|  the  empeior  not  to  liy  :  Imt  when  they  |«'r- 
eeived  no  |iii.ssiliility  of  his  escape,  they  aci|iiainft'd  him 
with  the  loss  of  the  city  and  |iiilaee.  The  empeiiir, 
upon  this  lint  ice  Inin^  given,  asked  lirst.  if  any  |irolia- 
hility  was  lelt  to  escape;  Imt  lieiiii;  answered  that  all 
ways  were  ln'-et,  they  say  he  wrote  a  letter  with  his 
own  lilood.  ill  whii'li  he  aeeii.sed  his  eiiniiehs  of 
treachery,  and  desired  l.iciiii^'z,  since  he  had,  hy  the 
help  of  heaven,  jiotteii  the  eiii|iire,  that  he  would 
revenge  his  fall.  This  done,  he  took  his  sword  and 
killed  his  daiiohter,  that  she  iiijolit  not  fall  into  the 
enemy's  hands,  and  alteiwards  went  into  his  g.'irdeii, 
and  there  pis  the  most  iinlorliniati.'  empeioi'.  ;ind  lii.><t  of 
the  Taimiiioian  race),  hanoid  liiiiisilf  with  his  oirilhiiu 
a  plum  tree  ;  and  thus  eiiijed  the  house  'i'aimiiig  l>y  a 
rohlier,  which  was  lirst  laiM'd  liy  the  like.  .After  the 
emperor's  e.vample,  the  koloii,  or  prime  ciiiincillor, 
and  likewisi;  his  i|Ui'eiis,  I  esnles  some  of  his  loyalest 
euuiiehs,  hanged  themseKe.s,  with  .several  others  in 
the  city,  therehy  seeming,  tli.it  alter  llieir  iniiiitrv's 
manner,  to  die  with  the  empernr,  which  is  aininigst 
the  t,'hinese  aecoiintcd  a  great  hniioiir,  and  sion  ,,( 
lidclily." 

Adam  Schall  tells  us,  that  "The  empeior  (lietraved 
tw  ice  ill  one  iiiomeiil.  unce  hy  hi.-  eiiniiiii^,  ami  lien  ii\ 
ihcieliel.-i'confeileiato.  jiunUliti  d  on  hoi  si  hack,  fnlhiw  id 
with  si.\  hundred  horse,  and  fell  into  that  port  ol  ihe 
city  through  which  the  eiiemy  came  mat  •htiii:  ;  hut 
there  the  unhappy  piiiue  fmitid  himself  llece-^ilatell 
(the  great  guns  which  weee  |ilatitei|  to  deh  ml  the  gales, 
tiring  against  him,  and  wanting  moretiid,)  to  return 
again  to  his  palace,  where  heiiig  arrived,  and  driven 
into  utter  despair,  hi'  desired  the  empress  his  consort  to 
hang  hei'self,  and  advised  his  three  sons  to  save  them 
.selves  liy  (light.  He  then  took  up  his  sword,  with  in 
teiitioit  to  kill  his  own  dauohiir.  lit  for  marriage,  that 
. 'le  might  not  live  to  he  deliled  ;  hut  she  escaped  the 
Mow  by  llight,  yet  received  it  oil  her  light  hand,  which 
she  lost  ;  which  done,  he  went  ihereave  I  of  all  hope) 
out  of  the  palace  again  on  fool,  and  tun  diieclly  to  a 
mountain  hehind  the  palace,  where,  standiii;;  still,  he 
wrote  with  a  iH'iieil.  on  the  hem  ol  Ins  iiii|H'i'ial  coat, 
with  his  own  IiIikmI  (as  it  Wius  sud).  drawn  from  his  left 
hand,  to  this  eli'ect :  'Much  joy  to  the  succeeding  em- 
peror, l,i!  I  entreat  earnestly,  hurt  not  my  people,  nor 
employ  my  eoiiiieillnrs.'  Which  having  wiitleti,  he 
pulled  oiriiis  lKiots,'anil  throwing  away  his  hat,  hanged 
himself  with  his  girdl,,,  on  a  piece  ol  timher,  in  a 
gallery." 


some  were  onh'  uooileii  diitnniii'-  hut  a  larir*'  supply  ol  I'liinesu 
riH'kcts  was  tlnr, ,  nnii  ihi-  s,,|ilicrs  aniiised  ihi'in.si'lvi's  hy  ex|»'inl- 
in:i  tliisi'  harnili'ssly  in  tin'  air. 

■'Hoots  are  an  imp  >rt  ml  cinsideralion  in  Chiiia.  With  us, 
anioiiL'  the  Milu'ar.  there  is  in  old  .»ii|H'islilioii  of  ihrowiiijr  an  old 
sins' after  a  departing' friend  tor  hick.  In  Cliiia.  reversini;  cur 
cnsioin.  as  they  do  almost  invariahly,  tiny  presi'iil  new  ho  Is,  anil 
keep  tiie  ohi 'iiies.  'fhns,  we  have  it  told  that  "  The  I'nviien  of 
Kw.iii.'inn;;  iii  IHICI,  t'liii,  was  a  very  |Hipular  iHicei,  ami  wlii'ii 
he  I'htained  leave  to  resign  lis  staliiin  on  aec«>uiil  of  auc,  the 
piHiple   vied  with  each  other   in   showint;   their  heaily    regret  at 


123 


ALL  ROUND  THR  WORLD. 


"Tims"  (miivh  Fiithrr  Miirtini)  "  t>iiili'il  ii  |irint'f,  piT- 
hn|m  llii-urcati'Nt  in  tin- world. mii'  wlm  liml  iiiiNU|i<>rii>r  in 
wiNiliitii,  iiiiil<'ii<liiii<lin){.  aiiil  );i»H|'imtiiri-  ;  who,  without. 
I'oiiipiiiiy,  forsiikcM  liy  nil  iit  tin-  iii,"'  of  thirty  »ix  yt'iirs, 
throliuli  iK'tflrrt  anil  t'aD'Ic.iMiiCHM  of  lii<  |i<-ii|ilf,  caliio  to 
HO  tiiiMrralilc  ati  ciiil  'I'fiijctlifr  with  liiiii.  tln'  iiaiiii>  ol 
the  fiii|iir<-,  \  iz. ,  'lai  Mini;,  that  is,  "  o("  L;ri'al  hritflit- 
lifsx,"  after  it  lunl  ruiitiiiiii'il  two  liiiiiilriil  and  sixty 
yi'ari<,  and  the  wholr  liii|ii'rial  Kainily.  ri'ikoiii-d  to  tin- 
tiiiinlx'r  of  Ml,  I  KM  I.  wcri'  utterly  rxtinynisheil. 

The  (ollowiiij»  day,  lieini;  the  thiici  al'ler  the  eneinv's 
eotuiii);,  l.iruni;/,  inarehi'd  with  an  army  of  .'idil.oiio 
men  into  the  eity,  and  so  direetly  to  ihi-  palaee,  wh.'re 
he  toulc  iHisHcssioii  of  tilt!  tliruliu,  ami  Hettled  hitiiself  in 
the  winie. 

When  the  ein|H>ror  did  not  appear,  I<ieuiii.'z  pro- 
ilamed  l(»l,(Hlil  du(  ats  as  a  ri'W.ird  for  w!ii«'ver  hrouu'lit 
liim,  or  eoulil  >;i\c  information  ■■!'  him  ;  Imt  at  last  the 
liody  ha\  ini;lieen  found  haii^in;;.  as  I  le'ore  mentioned,  the 
leliels,  without  revereiiee  or  eompassion  (Mivs  Martini), 
l>y  eoinmanil  of  l,iellli;;z,  hewed  it  in  pieees. 

Yet  Sihall  tells  us  that,  alh-r  the  expiration  of 
a  liionth,  the  Tartars  haviii'/  drivni  out  the  reliels, 
the  emperor  wis  lioiioinMldy  Imiied,  and  tliou;;h  not 
i  till  amonj»  the  emperors,  yet  amoiujst  the  priiiees 
llieir  SOILS,  and  that  all  the  ina,'islr,i.  i,  wiilinj;  i>r 
lot  willin;.^.  were  loreed  to  i-oiiie  and  mourn  over 
lis  j(nive. 

The  rem.iinini;  party  of  tlie  roljlier<  plundered  the 
'liinese  houses  ;  and  whiMver  walked  the  stiei't>  in 
liaiidsome  apparel  they  immeili.'itily  rallied  to  pri.min, 
mil  there,  liy  <riiel  tornieiits.  proiiind  the  money  which 
1 1  ley  siispeeled  they  had  liy  their  elothes  ;  inionilU'li 
I  i.'it  liiitie  appeared  in  the  streets  hut  the  eoiiipierin;' 
r.'U'ls.  Thirty  days  this  ra;;e  eoiitinui'il,  while  the 
r  ililiefM  pos.se>sed  the  palaee,  and  pillajjeij  that  and  the 
•  ily.  The  ('hiiie-e  already  desired,  upon  an  ap|Hiinted 
I  iv.  to  eleet  l.ieuni;/.  empiior.  lull  he  eommanded  them 
1.1  desist,  lieeau>e.  lus  soiiii-  .-.ly,  he  feared  it  would  lie 
ins  ruin,  for  as  ofirn  as  lii>  --at  upon  the  tlirnne.  he  w.is 
t.ikeii  with  a  shiveiin:;  cold  and  pain  in  his  head,  and 
ihereliy  eiiui|H'lleil  to  li-e  t'roin  it  (unlawfullv  taki'ii  \,\ 
liiiiO,  and  sit  on  the  ^.Touiid,  as  if  he  liad  deserved  no 
lietter.  Silting  on  the  earlh,  they  report,  tli.it  In- 
si-elueil,  in  the  eyi'S  of  the  spii  tators,  to  lie  a  ilespieaMe 
and  ridieuloiis  eouiiteiianei'.  and  rather  showed  like  an 
a|H-  than  a  man.  It  i>  lielieved  that,  liefme  he  would 
reeeivo  the  imperial  iliunily.    he  iniended  fil-st  to  settle  j 

and  ipiiet  tl inpire,  and.  I>y  fon  e  of  arms,  siilnlue  the 

nei;{liliouriii^  prunes,  allies  of  the   deiea.sed   emperor, 
whieh  else  miylit,  afterwards  di.-ipiiet  hini. 

The  s;ime  sad  I'L-fml line  that  Intel  the  emperor 
Tsun;,'ehin,  happened  al>o  to  ilie  Imperial  I'amily  and 
I  liildren.  The  .pieeii,  or  lawliil  empii».  nlievnl  the 
eiii|K!ror's  eoinmand  at  his  departure,  and  him^ed  her-  i 
.elf  His  Women  (led  wherever  tiny  tlioii^ht  to  he  [ 
:  .it'e  from  the  reliels.  and  went  to  their  p.iienis'  houses; 
though  alterwards  hy  fmie  and  policy  fetelnd  frmn 
thi'iiee  liy  the  Tartars.  (  »ne  of  tile  ipieeiis  lieili^'  taken 
prisoner  in  ilis;;iii~e.  ha\  iiiu'  .altered  her  majestic  a|ipaiel, 
was  made  a  slave    to  a  T.irtar  ;   hill    not   lieiii),'  aide   to 


liniii);  liiin.     Tin"  iild  rii»l «m«  "liserviil  nf  iiliiiiilii^  lii«  iHhils, 

■  nil  pre-iiiliiii;  liiiii  wiili  a  neiv  pair  .it  iv.  r\  rily  lie  pM»M'il 
tliniiiu'li,  iiniliiiiiiiyiitlirr  ti  >tiMiiiiii.ilMit'tlii'ir  n^'urii  wiTiiiiliijili'il." 
'I'Ik'  h'liyiii'ii  K  till' rniiti'iiuiit  t'l'ViTimr  nl'ii  pniviniv.  Tlic  tiriii 
iiiniii>  "simllin."  ll^  liii\iii|.'  t.>  i  I,  mm-  UjIIi  |iurlii'ii,  — tlio  iiiie  tliut 
taxiii.  mul  till'  iitliir  that  lui>  In  piiy.  ^ 


I  iinder^ii  such  a  yoke  long,   ilisooverotl  herstdf,  aiii\  wan 
tliereii|iuii    M'lil    and   kept    anions   the    other   wnmeii 
of   the    furiiier   king,    and    euiiiielm    iilloweil    to    wait 
upon  hor. 
'      The  ein(ioror'>i  elde.st  son,  in  his  eighteenth  year,  hiiil 
tliliiwii  otriiis  royal  haliits,  that  he  ini;;lit  not  he  known, 
and   liiri'il   himselt   as  w-rvalit   louTaitar;   hut    impa- 
tient of  his  ma-tei's  cni.l   n  iliire,  he  went,  after  some 
few  nionth'%  priv.itely  fioiii  tlienee  to  a  tertain   eiiniieh 
whom  he  siippiLsed  to  he  his  trusty  friend      'IIim  Irieiid 
durst    not   Ion;;   coiiee.il   him,  Imt   iidvi~i  d  him  lu  ^'o  to 
his  sister,  who  had  lied  to  his  prandial lorV  ImUNe.    'Ilie 
iinfortiinati!   prinei*   was   then    oli|i;>eil,  tor   the   ^ake  ol 
mere  existence,  to  tliscover  IiIimm  It  ;  and.  allhon^'h  the 
Tartars   spared    his   life,   they  londemned    him   to  iiii- 
prisonmeiit.    Some  pioiiii-,'d  to  hi  him  have  a  prince's 
revenue,  and  honour  hini  with   the   title   of  kin;;;   Imt 
he  who  was  fallen    from  the  lii;;lirst   pinnacle,  ami   had 
a  iiolile  heart,  would   not   stoup  to   im  an    tliili;,'s  ;   nay, 
he  despised   all    that   was   proU'eriil    him    li  ss   than    the 
empire,  and  deliyht»'il  his  tiiin-y  w.th  iniisie  and  sin;;in{;, 
for  the  lietter  dispeisini;  of  his  sorrows. 

.Many  h.id  alieadv  iliMoveied  who  lie  wa.s.  from  his 
liein;;  t'ormeily  mark-  d  on  his  limly.  and  declaied  him 
the  einperor's  son.  Certain  passages  of  the  court  Were 
diseiiMieil  hy  him  likewis.:  and  (li«ciilied,  whiih  were 
iiiiknown  to  all  persons  His  father's  sohlieis  and 
ollicers  piiiniin;;  after  llnir  prince  with  their  finoers, 
showed  that  lie  l.e;;an  to  he  piililicly  known.  There 
heii'i;  some  appi'cheii.siiiij  that  hi'  uoiilil  torni  a  eonihi' 
nation,  tiom  the  hatred  "hiili  he  hore  to  the  Tartars, 
the  [KisM'ssors  of  the  realm,  it  was  jndpd  convenient  to 
dispatch  him  ;  and  toriy  ma;;islrales  and  martial  olli- 
eers  were  also  e.xeeutcd,  l/nil  If  iiii<//il  ml  </ir  iritliuiit 
ciim/Mitty.  or  want  iittendaiice  in  the  iitlier  world  iie- 
cordini;  '        's  hirth  and  ipialily. 

The  fhli  si  hiother,  who  had  pit  to  Nankin,  caine 
almost  to  the  same  end,  Isiiii;  killed  hy  one  of  his  near 
lehilions,  who  had  there  raised  liniself  to  he  emperor. 
J'.iil  if  we  credit  Father  Martini  (ihe  writer  of '•  The 
History  of  the  Wars  if  the  Tarlais"),  the  eldest  of  the 
emperor  Tiuu-ehin's  three  mhis  was  never  heard  ol, 
thimi;li  the  roliher  LieiiiiL:/.  made  loin;  and  strict  .seaicli 
after  him.  Whether  he  fjot  away  hy  lli;;ht.  or,  as  Home 
say.  drowned  him.selt',  is  tinkiiown  Martini  also  ^a\s 
that  the  two  youngest  .sons  fell  alive  into  the  rels'ls' 
ll.inils,  who  (III  the  tlliril  day  caused  them  to  he  ilra;;p'il 
out  of  the  city  walls,  and  their  liead.s  to  he  Kevereil 
from  their  liodies. 

Uii    Saiikwei,    a    relative    of  the    Iiu|M'rial    fainilT, 

liap|H'iii  d,  at  the  til if  the  t-torinin;;  of    Tekin,  to   he 

slatiolie'l  I'll  the  fi'oM tiers  to  defend  llielii  a;!ailist  the 
.Maiitcliiis  or  Tartars.  When  he  heard  that  a  rohlier 
had  sei/.ed  the  throne,  his  indiu'iiatioli  e.xci  eded  all 
iMiiinds,  and  takiiii;  T.'lOO  Tartars  into  his  jiay,  he 
in.'iri'heil  111  meet  the  enemy.  In  a  haul  loii;;ht  hattle, 
victory  declared  in  his  tiiMnir.  and  pit  in;;  anotlu'i- 
leinforcenient  of  i;ii.IIIHI  .Mantchils  and  .Mongols,  he 
|iri'sseil  on  to  exterminate  the  monster  l.i.  In  thi.s 
he  .Miecei'ded  :  hut  whin  he  wished  to  send  home  his 
Tartar  auxiliaries  they  ri'fiised  to  h'.'ive,  and  in  stroni; 
foree  niarehed  oil  the  eapi'al.  "So  great  wa-s  the 
aliiiiidance  of  rlmice  niiil  preeioiis  giMsls"  (.says  a  Jesuit 
writer,  present  at  this  |H'rioil),  "  that  the  whole  eoiinlrv, 
to  the  hiirdeis  of  the  provinee  of  I'ikin.  a  way  often 
days'  journey,  lay  coveri^d  with  satins,  and  all  manner 
of  eiiihroideri'd  clothes — a  thiie.;  incredilde  unless  one 
hud  heun  un  uyu- witness."     Aflei>  the   army    had    lain 


>PHU".  1 1 


CHINA,   COCHIN  CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


12S 


Iniir  iliivs  licr'H'  llii'  city,  till-  T.irt.irs  «  -n:  liy  all  tin' 
iiili.iliitiiiii  >  .iihI  i:niii<|i>'s  ili;it  ui'iit  ii.f'i  till-  iiniiy, 
ri'i'i'JM'il  uitli  iiinrli  Joy  M\i  Irti  tiril  in;  \\  lirr('ii|>iiri 
Aiiiawiiii'4  ill'  iiiicli- to  till-  lai'liir i'iii|ii'i'iii',  »liiiriiiii- 
liiiiiiiird  til'  iinny  ill  iM'lutlt'  of  liis  iir|>li>'w,  aski'il  it' 
tlii'V  wiiiilij  i-imIIv  riiii'i'luiii  anil  li't  tlii'iii  in  as  ){iii'sIh  ; 
ami  il'tlii'V  wiuilil,  fii'iii  tliit  liiiii-  t'luwafil,  l«'((i>\  I'rni'il 
liy  tlio 'r.ti'tai'H  :  III  wliitli  tliry  all  I'l'ii'il  Willi  a  loiiil 
viijue,  "'I'liiiiisaiiil  ami  a  tlioiiHinil  tiiiics,  a  tliiiiiMainI 
ami  a  tlimisaml  yvarn,  Iim'  tin*  rni|HTiil' ; "  ii  wisli 
iiM'il  at  lliis  il;iy  t.i  till'  riiint'sn  i'iri|M'i'iir  ;  this  ciiilcil, 
ii|Hin  till'  ('liini'si-  ii'i|tii'st  till'  yiiim>{  Tartar  rinpi'i'iir 
liilliiwi'il  tlii'iii  intii  till-  "ity  mill  |iala(i' -Imml  ilnwii 
III  a  ln'a|>  lit' riiUlii^li.  Tin'  iirxl  ilay.  tiir  Tarlars  iml 
li.iviii:^  li'iii.si's  i'iiiiiii;li.  tiinii'  I  tin-  I'liincie  ixit  nl'  tlicir 
il*rllini;s. 

'I'lii!  <  'liiiii':<r,  as  a  naliiiii.  iiiailc  a  Ix'itir  6i;lit  tliikii  is 
{{I'licially  •.'i|i|>i)si'i|  a:;aiiist  their  iin^dlri^  -iiiilci'il,  a 
luiiijiT  ami  a  ntnm^i'r  mii'  than  that  nt  ihc  Saxoiis 
ayamst  th  •  N'oriiiaiis,  Tlii'V  ^IomI  liy  i  iit  :!ni|MTiir 
al'lcr  aiinthi'r  with  lln'  finr^'V  nl  ili's|iiiir  .inil  wln'ii 
the  rartari  insisti'il  that  all  •■  lnyal  (-'liiiicHc,"  that  is, 
till  iilii'ilii-iit  til  till-  ii-u'lvi's,  hIioiiIiI  sliavi'  thi<ir  liumls, 
wi-ara  |ii;;lail,l  ami  ail'>|it  the  <h  mi/.nr  .Maiit<  hii  cuaf/.lii' 
natiiiii  imli'^iianily  tli'wtn  arin^.aii<l  ilrnvc  an  ariiiy  nl'tlii' 
Tartiirs  inlo  the  rm-r  Yaii,' t/.c  kiaii:;  All  wmilil 
imw  havi-  l;iiiii-  ui'li,  lial  I  |iati'i'>l  ii:  tailir  >>t'  Ciintnii, 
mil'  I'hin,' rJii'lnn;;.  tin;  t'llhii'  i>l'  tlii'  r'Niivviicil  Ciix- 
ini;a,- at  tiiat  liim-  in  ni  nni  iml  nt'  4.i"Mi  \i'>w|s.  ri' 
III  liiii'il  true  to  ins  I'oiinlrynien,  whosit  cnise  lie  hail  n|i 
to  this  lime  assi^teil  Ihil  <  'nni^  I'ln;  Inn;,'  was  an  aiii- 
liilioiH  t  liliir.  with  a  '■  mhiI  almve  Imttiiiis  ;  he  ilesjiiii 
Id  In'  mail)!  i'lil|iiriir  hiliisell';  wliieh.  svhcn  th'  I'liiliese, 
who  havi!  a  ^leat  avi'i-ion  to  /uirriiiiin,  iilnseil.  hi' 
went  over,  in  the  critii-.il  nionnnl,  to  the  Tartars,  who 
hail  iillereil  him  the  rank  of  i;em'i-aiissiiiio.  Limliii^ 
alter  this  to  vi>it  the  I"  lit  ir  jjeneral  I'eilr,  he  was  re- 
eeivoil  with  all  the  lioiioiirH  liie  to  his  rnnk.  Ihit  wlicii 
he  ai;aili  ilesireil  to  reliiin  to  his  lloet.  the  Tartar  eour- 
teiMi-'ly  rei|iiestei|  that  he  woiiM  aei'oin|iany  Inni  to 
I'liiirt.  <'n  his  arrival  at  I'ekin,  he  wa-*  t*trii-tly 
friiarileil  at  lii-st,  aiiil  ^llortly  afterwarils  piit  to  ileal  h  ; 
liiit  when  the  [linites  ^iw  th  se  Ireaiherons  ilealinijs, 
they  r.illieil  their  foives  iiii  hr  l.'liins^  eliaiii,'  kmi',;,  ami 
nua^'eil  the  roa.>t 

The  la>t  |irelemler  to  the  Miii;;  throne,  ilcseemlril 
fri.<ll  the  loyal  lilooil.  was  ^'llll;;  leili,  a  (.'hn^tiaii  |irilii'e. 
W'Im  iLssuiiiuil  tliu  name  of  ( 'mi 'tantinc.      His  eoiirt  was 


'  "  Mnny,"  inys  Sir  ilii  n  Diivi-,  "iire  tlio  ilmiiu'i'^  uliii'li  miiy 
!m'  iiiiiile  ill  lie'*!*  itio  eimiitri*'*,  witlr-iit  tlit'  iiotii'i'  "r  I'vrii  tlu' 
kiiiinliilirv  of  llic  liir;.'i'r  |Kiiii m  nftlie  iiiiiiiniiiiity  ;  Iml  iiii  I'liliie 
iiltcratiiiii  ill  tlie  n:i'i>i  lal  iii^tirm'  iitli'i-t!!  fvi-rv  iii>iiviilniit  i'i|iiiiUv. 
t'rinii  till' lii',:li<-«t  In  till- lii^w-^t.  iiiiil  in  in'iliaps  i<l'  all  uIIht^  tlir 
iiioHt  ii|M>ii  an  I  iti-.'r.iiliii;:  tii.iik  •<l'(tiiii|Ui'si."  I  liis  uriliT  wan  re- 
i)i>letl  liv  tv  aiiv,  will)  I'  iwf  tn  l.tse  tli>  ir  liraiU  ralluT  than  |iart 
nitli  llicir  liaif;  lail  llii-  n  a  il  ilc  uai  L-railiiallv  I'lit'nrriil.  anil  lias 
now  fir  alioiit  tirn  rt'iitiiri<  ^  Ui-ii  ntio  nl'  I  c  iliHlin<;iii'>irni^  niarl,M 
i>f  H  Cltiiu's,',  tliiiiii;li  to  tliiH  itav  ilie  imtiM-s  of  Ktilikieii  mar  a 
liiiliilkiTcliii't'  aioiiMil  tlii'ir  ln'ail  to  cinuial  it  it  slmul  i  not 
fiira|N*  iiiitii-i'  that  ii  tiiniilar  rtian^i-  ariiniipaiiii'il  tin-  i'oni|iiost  ot 
Kii);laiiil  liy  tin-  NornaiH  Tin'  itiiUHitli  cliiiis.  slmrl  liair,  ami 
iliavt'ii  lip  of  iiiir  oiMi  peopli' wi'te  a<loptiil  to  ilistiiij(ii?.li  tlin>i' 
obi'dient  to  lit'  Xin-iiain  nile,  in  r-'iilrtiii^tini-lion  to  tlioM'  Sa\oii* 
will)  manire'iliil  Iw  piesiTvinir  tlu*  iiw  of  tin-  Ioiil;  liair  anillH'aril 
of  tlifir  aiii'<'stor>.  llii'ir  avi'fioii  to  the  cnniiiiiront,  ami  ih  ti'iniiii- 
atiiiii  to  free  the  iiHi'lviH  « hiiii'Vir  |»K«ilih'.  Ilie  ili-tiiiition  in 
till*  tiinio  of  till' .Sai'Mi,  anil  the  Nonniii  roit,  the  kirlle  ami  the 
I'lmik,  were  of  tht'  K.inii'  natiiri'.  fslf  Walter  >eoti,  in  the  "(K'nin;; 
Ki-i'iii*  I  f  Ivaiih'M'.  inakei  a  !1|mi  ial  note*  on  tliin  point,  In  ili'M-rihln  j 
Ihti  ilrvan  ol  i'tiliie  thu  Saxon. 


lilleil  with  eoiiverls,  all  Ills  t'oin'rals  wnrn  r'liristians, 
ami  Imh  wife  ami  niotlier  i  in  liilth.  wimIo  a  liller  to 
I  ho  I'ojie  aiinoiimin^  their  eoiiversioii  :  a  |i:ili'iot  hero, 
Keaiiy  Isiie,  nl-io  a|i|a'.iii'il,  ami  fontnl  the  Maiilehn 
army  in  a  |iili  heil  liaille  mi  two  iH'e  isimis.  In  a  thinl 
ho  tell,  ]iiri'i'eil  liy  nil  lurow  in  the  In  art,-  jiml  with 
him  ilieil,  lor  tsvo  ci'iitiiries,  tlio  liii|ies  of  China.  Tin- 
Kin|ieror  (^inslanttne  was  i|ii\en  frmii  eiiy  lo  eity.ainl 
liiialiy  foiiml  rel'ni;i!  in  I'l'i,'!!.  retiirniiij;  only  to  I.e 
Ireaiherniisly  slr.in^leil  hy  \\  n  laii-kwei,  ihe  i»em'liil 
w  lio  hail  rei'i'iveil,  m  a  rewanl  for  lii'si  ailmillini;  the 
Taitars,  the  |iiimi|iiility  of  N'linnaii  ami  Kweiilmw. 
( 'oxinya  iilmie  riinaiiieil  to  annoy  the  T,iri,ir  enijierur. 
It  is  tolil  of  lilin,  that  when  he  reeeiMil  the  iiews  iif 
^'lln',•  hill's  ill  alll,  he  was  so  iiiieiiseil  ihiil  h'  'altaikiil 
a  Tartar  Ihet,  hiink  .seMial  of  llie  xe^^eU,  ami  ent  oil' 
the  ears  ami  im-es  of  l.lMill  Mantihil^. "  These  men 
lie  sent  on  slime  ;  luit  the  Tirlars  jnit  tiiein  to  ileatli. 
so  that  till'  shame  jiiil  n|imi  llniii  miolit  not  sjinail 
The  liravo  Covinoa  lieiil  mit  niilll  liiiij.  having;  lamliii 
ii|ion  the  islaml  of  Formosa  iiml  ilriM'ii  o'll  the  Ihiteh. 
—  who,  in  s|iite  of  their  |iresiimei|  iia\al  superiority, 
eoiihl  never  ;:;et  it  bai'k,  hut  snllereil  ji  ilefeat  with 
their  whole  tli'et,  ill  an  i'ii^i<(i'inent  in  whieh.  howe^ei. 
(x'oxiiiija  fi.'ll.'  The  ChiniM-  piiale  ailiniral,  who  sne 
eeeilcd.  Was  his  >mi  ( 'liino  ke  sail.  who.  at  lasi,  when 
tireil  of  a  roviiio  life,  timl  saii.ileil  wiili  |iliiniler,  ileiir 

miiieil  "  to  llie  ilei  ent,"  ami  a |p'iil   from   tin.'   Tail.ii 

ilynasty  the  otliee  of  hi>;li  ailiiiii.il  of  ( 'hin.i. 

With  liini  was  e\lin;,'nishi  il  the  la^t  sjiaik  o' 
o|iiii  reliellion  ai;aiii-l  the  Tartar  n>nr|ars,  anil  wiih 
him  |iei'i>hi'il,  as  was  then  tlionohl,  the  list  liojie  nl 
the  .M  11114  family,  w  lio>e  ofeatlnss  at  .se.i  was  eijiial  nl 
one  tiine  to  their  S|ilenilonr  on  the  ('hinese  tln'olie 
We  reail  in  the  "lli,>tory  of  llie  Mlno  hyna^ty," 
|iiililisheil,  as  we  have  siiiil,  in  more  than  a  hnmlieil 
volinnes  hy  a  Tartari'm|ieror  in  ITl'J,  thai  in  the  reion 
of  Yiiii^lo,  that  1,'ie.it  |iriiiii'  hail,  diirin,'  twelve  years, 
a  fli'i't  iiianni'il  oy  ;iO.(il)ll  sailms.  —  whiili,  at  ilivei^ 
lime.s,  went  to  .ManilLi,  the  Moltieea'',  l'«orneo,  .la\  a, 
Siiniaira,  Tonkin,  ('oehin  (hina  (.'anihoya,  Siam, 
.Malaeea,  l!ei:oal.  ami  Ceylon.  The  s|ie,ik  of  the 
I'eak  of  .\ilaiii.  ami  the  iiii|>ri'ssimi  of  hi^  foot  (nsino 
their  own  term  I'hankii.  the  tiist  ilenion  oml,  whom 
'  they  |iiilnre  witiia  h.imiiier  ami  eliisil.  inliiaily  hew  in^' 
out  the  heavens  !)  of  I'aiiiiit,  Siif.il,  Ornins,  Aden,  ami 
of  the  sea  near  .Medina  and  .Mieea  They  hroiiulil 
haek  to  China  enmnioiis  liilies,  and  .I'l  lhe|iriliees  ol 
^  those  eotin  tries  sent  emlia.^s  is  to  Viiiio  lo, 
!  The  Km|iire  of  China  li.ts  coiii|irisi'd  olie  sole  ami 
niidi^idel  nioiiarehy  ever  sime  the  year  of  (,'iiii-i 
llTll,  lint  i!i>leail  of  lieini;  ri'ijaided  frmii  that,  as  a  |iri 
\  ih'p'd  I'ouiitiv,  o,,\  erni'd  I'roni  lime  inimemorial  by  the 


•  The 'I'lirtar*  j.'avi' an  ixaiiiple,  on  this  ..era-ion,  o'  wliat  imh 
be  ilniie  hy  II  ^rrat  einpiri*  to  ilelemi  its  interior  (10111  tin*  ra\ayi*!* 
of  11  piiatii-al  enemy.  They  ili->troyi'il  all  the  towiiH,  villaires,  ami 
Itonsi  s  for  a  liepth  of  tuo  h-i^uis  aloii/  the  whole  exii-nt  of  the 
iiui-t,  thus  leavitiir  11  ili-iTt  hetween  tl-e  ili*\ a>latMrs  anil  the 
interior  of  tho  Cileslinl  Knipin*.  "Thin  meiiiorahli*  exainiile," 
suyi.M.  Hill*.  **  may  enahle  ii**  to  jniL'i*  i\h.it  ilii*  Chini'-i*  aro 
rapalih' of,  slioillil  they  ali_\  liay  ha\i'to  "ppoi*.*  thiniM-lvi'S  to  the 
iii\.i*»'on  of  a  |»o«iTlnl  et.emy.  So  lot;;  a-»  they  |io?,m'>s  tin* 
I'onse'enei' ot  the  inxiniihlc  t'oree  that  lit*  in  the  ininieiiM*  extent 
of  tliiir  territory  anil  their  v,i~l  p'pnlaiion,  tiny  have  iiolhin^'  to 
liiir  troin  tin- assault  of  Htraiiirer**.  \N'lii*n  a  nalion  ha**  on  lis 
•liiU*  iiiinihtrH  ami  spare,  ami  it  is  resoheil  to  take  mil  aiUanta^e 
of  these  two  r>  soiirees,  there  an*  always  ineiins  to  paralyse  tin* 
lei'rneil  Ktriii'):\  anil  the  fuiiniiiating  iiiachincs  of  an  unjust 
agj;i  essor." 


I  I 


itU  II 


'^1 


n 


ia« 


AT,L  ROUND  THB  WORLD. 


\   fiHINitl   ««M«||. 


"•nil.,  coiutitution,  cxRiiijit  from  fiiri'ijjn  ciuniiipst  nnd 
iiitcsliiu!    rMiiiiiiiptii)iis,  till-  iiiily   |n'iiili:iiily    wliicii   it 

IliiSSUH.scs,  in  i'iilil|i:il'l'<u|i  with  III  lll'l' rMI|>il'i'S  wiiirii  liiiVf 
ili.sii|i|ii'an  il  tiniii  (lie  i.iiili,  is,  tliiit — lAviiii;  |ii'iiiii|is  tii 

Its  |n'Iiilisiila|-  sitiialiiiic.  ill  tin-   rxtv ity  nt'liic  lialilt- 

iiMi!  wdi'lii,  mill  its  riiiisi'ijiii'iit  cxi'Miiiliiiii  iVniii  iIh' 
(i\vi'f|i  lit'  lliusL'  cipiiiiiii'i'ini;  iMtimis  wlm  iliiinm'il 
till'  |pi'ii|il(i  wlimii  tlii'v  ovrrtliri'W.  —  it  Iims  |irrsi'rvcil 
its  iiiiiiiiiiT.s  mill  iis,i;,'i's,  ill  11  f,'ii'at  iiirasiirr  iiii- 
iiitiM'i'il,  iiiiililst  till'  virions  ri'Viiliitiiiiis  ainl  siili- 
jugiiliiiim  wliirli  it  li.isi'X|.c|-ifiH'f(l. '    'I'lu-Tu  lixs  nsiilti'il 


'  ('lilim,  it  iin;;lit  tii  Iw  iiMirriri'iiiTully  liimwii,  was,  in  tlii'  I  llli 

I'l'iitiiry,    lln!  viiiini    m|'  ii   "  ^nnul  "    !•  x|iiii- iil.      'I'lir  I'm s 

WuiiL'-iiu'aii-c'lir,  a  unat  |iiiil>iv.|>|iii'al  |H>lilii'iaii  (llii'V  lian'  plnily 
I'l  lliiMii  ill  Krahii),  p.t  iuii,  |i,mi'i-,  wlirii  tin'  Kiii|Hinr  Clini- 
t»'Miiii.'  ili'>iri'cl  Id  siitpiiiiiil  liiin-flt'  willi  iMilitflili'iicil  iiiiii,  iiiiil   in 

•pill' III  II ii|iii~ili'Pii   (if  14  I'liiisiTvaliM'  li'iuliT,    I'si'-iiia  kiiiiaiiir 

(|iliillciillu'i'il  Ziina«liall..'>,  III'  riilhllirlid  llii'  .•miTllliii'nt  iill  tlio 
tulliiwiinf  |innri|ili'»:  '•  Ilii'Sialr  >licMilil  liiki' I l»-i'ii' in' iiiniiu.'u- 
niiintiit'  riiiiniirni',  iiultisiiy,  ami  airilnillnri'  inln  its  .i«ii  liaipis, 
with  iliK  vii'W  lifsiii-iMiiriiii,'  lln'   Murkiiii;  I'las^is   anil    pii'Vi'iiliiii; 

tlieir  licinj;  lt ill  In  'In'  ilint  liv  tl.i'  rirli.      'rr.laiiials  hiti'  i'-:a- 

lilintit'il  tliriiii^'liiiiit  IliiM'nipiri',  wliii'li  lixi'il  lli|.  |iiii'<>  iil' |iriivi»iiiiis 
■mil  Hirri'liiiiiiliiii'.      Fur  a  utirtuiii    miiiilwr  uf  jnturs,  tan'ii  win' 


frniii  tliis  state  nf  tliiiii^,  iiliko  iirrjiiilipinl  to  (lie 
|.riiL;rrss  nt'  :i  lialiuli,  llllil  In  tin'  wrjliiri-  nf 
liiiiiiiiiiity    at    lari;i-,   a    spirit   n!'   rxrlusivi'ii"ss   wliicli 


'iiipnsi'i!.  In  Im-   paiit   Ity    lih 
rx'iiilil.      Tlir  triliiiiial"  mr 
p'lor.      Till-  nlllll  tlius  ('  •ili-r 
iit  tilt     Slate,   Iti   Ih<  ili 
iil'nnplity,  irnl  tit  nltin'H'i-  >l 


.ill,  attil  Iriiiu   iiliirli  tiii<  pmir  \\|trii 

tnir-'iiii-  i\li..  ua.-  rirli  ami  witn  «iw 

I  uat   It   1m-   riMl'Mil  in  till'  riilliTH 

nliiitrti  lit  ai^i-ii    paiiprrs,  In  wttrkinrii  mil 

jllil^'rll    Iti  Ih>   ill  lli'ril  III  it. 


nil!  I'l 


'I'lif  Malf  was  111  liavi'  llu'  niily  pl'ttlii'liitii  nl'  llii'j.i.il;  in  rai'll 
ili«trirl  till'  tiilMiiialii  Will'  111  as»i^'ii  tin'  liiial  aiiiiiiiilly  In  tliii 
I'm  lllrls,  itliii  itl>l  riltlilr  aimill^^nt  llll'ln  llir  srril  ticrrssary  tit  sow 
It,  iiiiriimlitittii  tlial  ilir  lii:iii  was  ii'paiil  ritlur  in  );raiii  iir  iilliir 
ptivHi'r.'.iiins  iil'ur  l!ir  Ikitm'^i  \ias  pilliiri'il,  ami  (liraril,  y**  Hi'j:is 

ItMi'S'lii'inrari  tl Iliit  r>  nl'  llii>  IriliiiiiaU  slutiilil  lit  wlial  kiiiil 

itl  ri'iip  was  Itt  Iti'  ^Ttiwti  ami  t.||)tply  tlir  sri'il  I'ltr  it  !  Alillllilallril 
mill  liapp  iii'ss  wiTi-lltiis  III  lti>  a»iii('il  In  llii'  lami,  niiil  IliK 
iiri'i'SMirii-,  111'  lili'  sttlil  at  a  imtili'iali'  in'ici'."  Tlii'  iimlrary 
timk  plaei'.  I'.H'iyiliiiij;  was  nvirliinii'il  iinlliiiit;  Iniill  iip- 
I'vi'ryni'i'  ruiiiiil,  i'Mtx  mn'  lii/y.  as  ilii'ii-  was  iio  rrwanl 
I'.tr  ill  liistry.  At  la^l  llir  (rrral  pliiln.nplii  r  Hliili'tiimii,  tiiiiliii|{ 
that  I'ViTvnnit  was  spi'iikiiiL:  a;:aiii>t  liim,  stnpjiril  all  litfriiture, 
ami  ni'ilirril  iliat  iiniii' lull  liisiiHii  ItiKtks  ^llnlllll  In'  ruail,  nil  lliu 
pinpli' wirr  lilimliil  Itl  lliiir  iiwii  ^ikhI  liy  tlie  lili'iary  iiii'ii  mi 
llii' ntliir  siili'  'I'liis  was  Inn  iiiiiili ;  llie  wisi'  anil  tin?  Ii'ttriii'il 
i'iiiiiImiiuiI,  anil   witli  miu  uiiiu-il  clnmoor  uf  tUu  suiruriiig  imipU 


CHINA.   COCHIN  CHINA,  AND   JAI'AM. 


IN 


Inks  i'iiKt>ii<l<'ri'il   :iii   iiviTwri'tiiliu  Mcll't'cinri'it,  unci   ciiii-  I 
tfiii|il  111'  I'viTMliiiii;  llmt  is  iml  Cliiiic-n',      licliii'^s  iimst 
lil'rjiiiliiMiil   III  IlilririiliiliiillilriitiiiM  ami  riHilliiri'ci'.     'I'ln' 
iniixilll    III    lllix     ;{iiv<'niliiriil     U     In    lull'    si  I  :illi{rr-<     nr  ^ 
liiil'liiii'i'iiis   likit   lifiistH,   mill    Iml    liki'   iiiiIIm'   suliji'ds  , 
mill   lii'iiir    it   is   lint   Miii'|irisiiii4   llmt  Innil   iiutliniitirs,  ^ 

mill    till-     I |ilt>    lliiMiiscivrs,   >|i<iiilil    liclmvr     tiiwaiils 

stniliyi'ls  MS  if  llicy  wi'lT  11  i|ii;i;iili'i|  inilrr  nl' liriliys. 
'I'lirv  ilii  mil  rvi'li  riiliniilrr  triMtics  i>l'  ilLftri'lili'llts  willi 
lilll'liill  i  IMS  liinilill);  ;  ilisilirt'lily  iiml  rulsriinnil,  Nsllii'li 
Hilly  li'iiil  tn    ilisllMlHt    ami    jralniiMy  aimiii;;    tlirlnsiKis. 

Ih lilt!  virliii'M  when  |iriirlisnl  tnwuiils  .sliaiiyiTs  ;  ami 

licliri'  it  is,  ihal  liiiwcvii-  liiilrli  a  liilliilicl'  nl'  lliiiil;;litt'ill 
mill  I'iiriicst  |K'isi)ii.s  may  I'l'^i'"'!  llml  'li''  '•ivili/atimi 
iif  iiiiirr  null's  hIhiiiIiI  Ih!  inti'iniril  ii|iuii  an  rxi'iisivi' 
|ifii|ili'  l>v  rmi'i'  iit'ai'iiiM,  .still,  if  lIuH  \sill  liiiik  iiini'i' 
■  l<'t'|ily  iiilii  till'  iiiatli'i',  tliiy  will  Iiml  llial  surli  arlimi 
lliil.st  lir  illliliialrly  I'nr  lln'  lu'lirlil  nl'  llii^  CIlilii'M' 
llii'iiisi'lvrs  'I'lifV  arc  tiaiiiilril  ii|Min  liy  a  rnrciiiii 
ilyiia.sly — tlic  rmiiitiy  is  iriit  liy  iii.siiriirlinii  -llicif 
is  liitli'  or  no  n|H'nin}{  In  rninim'i'L'i',  to  rivili/alimi,  nr 
In  llii'  |ii'ii|ia^'alinn  of  llii'  <in.s|irl;  till'  |i)'n|ili'  lalKiiir 
iimlrra  llimisaml  imniivi  nirm-rs  ami  alisiinlilirs  liaml 
rilijnwn  I'rniii  Hrmralinii  In  ^'riiiTatinn,  wliiili  iiitrr- 
■.niiiiiiniiii'aliiiii  with  otlii>r  iiatiniis  wniilil  snllm  ilnwn. 
it' mil  Mllrrly  t'll'ari'.  Tlii'V  liavi'  im  cnnliilrnri,'  in  mil' 
minllur,  ami  it  is  cssi'iitial  to  ilirir  wi'llairaml  prnni'r^s. 
llmt  siirli  Ik  stall-  nf  tilings  sliniilil  In'  I'l'iiicilicil,  ami 
that  thry  shnnlil,  as  far  as  |in>.>ili|i',  lie  iiii|iri'ssi'il  with 
a  sense  nf  triilli,  jiisliee  ami  sineerily.  The  ways  nl' 
I'rnviili  nee  are  oflen  nliseiile  In  the  lilniliHl  senl»'  nf 
niir  imnlal  (.•niu'i'|itinns  ;  ami  llie  Chinese,  whnin  smne 
Iniik  In.  as,  willi  the  Ja|i.im'se,  as  the  tiitiiie  ilnmiiiaiit 
|inwei'a  nf  the  Kar-i'asl.  will  |il'nlialily  nlily  he  rn'.iseil  In 
a  sense  of  their  own  ea|)aliilitii's  ami  re.sourte.s  hy 
I'nllisinn  with  other  jieople. 

VII.— TMK   I5KI5KI.S  OF  CirfNA. 

TllK.stnry  nfthe  "  First  ami  bi>t  nf  the  .Mil|i.'s"  is 
the  story  nf  all  I'hina.  That  nf  Ifiiiii;  W'nn  is  liein;; 
aeteil  over  a'.;iiin  in  the  iiresent  reliellinii  iimler  Tien- 
tell  (|ii'nnniiiiee(l  Tieii  tav)  Shortly  after  the  I'Viiils 
ill  1>4I,  whieli  leij  tn  the  eessinii  nf  llnni;  Kniiifaml 
the  n|M'ninij  nf  the  live  |inrts,  iheChinesi!  Kin(ii'ror 
Tan  kwaii^.  wlin,  hy  his  haughty  disdain  i>(  the  harha- 
rntis  nations  from  wilhi.iit,  had  hurrieil  inin  ii  war  with 
<!reat  Itrit.'iin,  and  hy  so  dniii;;  had  laid  the  hasis  nf 
eivij  war,  and  iiiisa|i|ieil  the  Iniindatiniis  of  the  Manlehii 
dynasty,  died,  and  was  siu'eieded  liy  his  son,  whn 
a.s.siinied  the  title  nf  lliaiilnn^  "l'iim|ilete  .Mmii 
thiiiee."  The  new  ini|iernr  shut  himself  m|i  in  the  so- 
o.'illed    I'aradisc' — a   eity  within  a  eity — iw  large  a.s  a 


till' SiK'iiili«lii  were  (Irivi'ii  out  111'! 'Iiliiii.  Tliry  |)ii»ii' I  tin'  llrnit 
WhII  in  liirt'i' trihijis,  ami  wiuhIiti'iI  ititi*  tlir  ili'sert  itl'  liti'f;irv. 
lli-ri' tlii'x  i'iMiininiiii-;it.  (I  tin-ir  niii|uii't  ^pii-it  totlii'  .Monirol  trilu's, 
itiiil  the  wliiili-  III  rartiirv  was  in  ii  liTim-n'  witli  tin-  ri'l'iisi'  nl' 
tMiinrsi'  i'ivili/.iiti()n.  Ni>t!iin^  \*ny  w.inliil  litit  a  man  to  ur^uni/.i' 
anil  iiiinniaiiil,  ami  (IrnL'liis  l\li:in  ii|>|H':ir<'il.  lie  L'atlii'ii'd 
toiri'tliiT  ttir  wild  anil  t.riiMt'  linolrs  nt  tlirst*  r<':;i<>n^.  anil  led 
tlu'tn  in  inimi'iiM'  liiitt;ili<>ns  even  intn  Karo|K',  iTUsliiii^  an>t  laer- 
wlii'lniiii);  all  tlial  cmmm'  in  lii»  w:iy. 

'  riie  rmpiT'ir  li\es  li\  rule:  la|i.  ai'ciiviliir.;  to  the  usual  tiishiini 
of  this  |)i'opli',  that  rah*  mii>t  n  ri-isurily  hi' ipal.' at  variaare  witli 
liar  iiiitiiaiii.  .Vlwuit  tline  u'clmk  in  llir  altrriiixiii.  or  I'imii'  at  the 
latest,  the  iliy  ilnw's,  ami  :ill  relirr  ti>  he.l  in  tin'  |ialai't>,  hiilh  in 
winter  ami  saininer,  Tlit'  liuar  I'nr  rsiii^'  is  mie  o'eliKk  in  tin' 
uiKruia^.  After  lie  nets  np.  I  lie  i'Ui|irrer  i;"i «  In  wail  iin  las 
iniillier,  wliii,  in  order  to  lioltcr  luaintaiu  lier  divinity,  sumetiini's 


fiirtilh'il  town,  siirroiimled  hy  llatterei-s,  euiiuihs,  unil 
eoiieiiliims  ,\  new  ni'der  of  ihiims  wis  inaiiijiirnttMl. 
.Mil  ehaiig  lia  and  K  I  u  were  dismissed,  and  their  fiie- 
eessnrs  were  selei  ted  for  llieir  inveterate  hostility  In 
Kurn|H'aiis. 

It  is  not  .siir|irisiiii{  that  under  these  eireiimstaiieeM 
a  rumour  heeaine  |ii'eva|ent.  and  NMis  iiiii\ersally  re- 
eeiveii,  that  the  end  of  the  Tsjng  or  .Matilehu  dynasty 
was  at  hand.  The  |ii'rioil  of  the  downf.ill  w.is  even 
fixed  hy  |irii|iln'i'y  fir  the  liirtyeiojith  year  of  the 
existing  ey.le,  whiih  enrres|inmliil  In  .v.n.  1S.">1.  It 
was  |iriii'laimed  that  the  ehiefwlin  lirst  iiiifiirled  the 
slamlard  nf  the  amieiit  native  (jhiliesi'  dynasty  nf  the 
.Mings  wniild  asi'i'iid  the  thinm.'.  Hiuh  an  imlividual 
was  not  long  waiiling.  lie  was  found  in  the  |H'rsnii 
of  a  youth,  a|i|iarenlly  willioiit  inlelleet.  eiiler|>ri.se, 
or  even  |ihy>ii'al  eourage  to  riMoiniiieiid  him,  hut  who 
was  deelal'i'd  to  lie  a  lineal  deseemlaiit  nf  the  .Mings, 
and  whn  assumed  ihe  name  nf  Tien  teli  -"  Celestial 
N'irtiie,'  lail  is  alsn  varimisly  designated  as  Tye  ping. 
Tai-|iing  waiig.  iVe.  liarily  tweiily  three  years  of  age 
at  the  niitlireak  of  the  iiisurrei'tion,  this  tnol  of  the 
more  sei  ret  and  amiiitimis  desiyii.s  of  oi  heis  was  always 
attended  hy  iin  aged  and  iny-terious  eounsellor,  whose 
eoniiei'tioii  with  him  has  never  lacn  perfi't'tly  e.\ 
I'lailied. 

The   |irnvini f  Kiiangsi,  where  the   insiirreetinii 

lirst  showed  Its  hydra  he.id,  is  ii  nioiinlainous  region, 
a.s  vast  as  the  estate  of  many  a  .siiverei<.'n  in  reiilral 
l'!iiro|ie,  in  the  sotith-weslern  |ioi'lion  of  the  em|iiii'. 
Ihe    less  aeees-sihle    |iorlion    of  this  distiiet  is  tenanted 

hy  the   .Mian  tze     a    warlike,   freil ting,    inile|ii'ndeiit 

race.  Itaeknl  hy  sii^  h  hardy  ami  intri'|iid  iiinniilaineei'-. 
Tiellleh,  nr  lathii-  his  generals,  fnr  he  never  e\|ioMi| 
himself  to  the  rehuke  of  rashness  hy  ]iartii'i|ialiiig  in 
lU'tive  hostilities,  had  lit  lie  dillieillly  in  sulijeel  ilig  t  he 
eity  of  llo,  and  eiossing  the  fiontnis  of  Kuang  si  to 
enter  inIn  the  |aov  inee  of  Knan-tongit  'antoii).  The  em- 
lielor,  fiilhfnl  to  his  [loliey  of  ritiogiessioii,  iles|iateheil 
that  unsi'iii|iuloiis  liarliari.iii,  I. in.  to  o|>|iose  the  insur- 
gents. I'lUt  l.Mi  dad  on  the  way,  and  was  siieieided 
hy    l.i  sing  Wen,       The     new     iin|ierial     eninmissiniier 

ili'i'lilies  tn  rei'iivi' liiin.  He  prostrates  Inniself  laitiiide  the  iliKir 
ami  ret  urns,  Kroin  tlieme  he  i.'i»s  to  li:;hl  snnie  seeiileil  slicks 
hefnre  ;in  iilol.     .-somewhat    hel'-re  three  u'rioek,  tlie  ^riimlees  of 

the  I'inpire,  vvli ek   anilieiiee,  arrive.      Itnsinrss  is   trans:ieli-(l, 

ami  helore  sunrise  all  is  alreadv  linisln'il.  la  Hui'i.pe.  vvlirn  a  kiai; 
shows  hiaisell' in  pulilie  he  lii-li^liis  HI  ^eeinj  tiiiiiselt'  snrniamhil 
viitli  his  piiipli'.  .mil  reieives  with  ple.i-ui'e  the  Irilaite  ol  their 
aeeliimations  ami  li'>inii^e.  In  i'el.iii,  ami  uliet-ever  tlie  eaijieror 
riNiile^,  u  heiifVi-r  III'  IT'S'-  aliri'iiil,  every  one  eloscs  liis  ilnor,  wiu'lovv, 
and  simp;  howrvrr,  it  is  n>>*orions  that  tlii>  Cljinese  iievt  r  t'.iil  to 
]M'ep  at  liiin  tlii'>>ii::h  llie  ehinks.  .Not  a  sout  >I:ire  li<'  l'<<unil  a|H)a 
his  piissji;;!' ;  all  havi'  taken  tlijlit  lu't'ore.  and,  and  w<s' to  vvlin- 
evi  r  is  not  llii't  enoii-h.  .Noin  ith-tiimliiii.'  tiie«e  honours,  the 
emperor  ot'China  is  a  ri-eliise  in  his  pal^iee  ol  Lay  lien,  where  lie 
eliiclly  resides,  and  he  knows  hilt  verv  litlie  ol'  what  is  ;;oing  on 
in  his  state,  'I'lie  ah^iird  eereniotiy  wlneli  sniroinids  hiiii  n■mier■^ 
liini  iniii'i'i'S-ihle  In  tralh.  I'!veiv  I'oniniunii'Mti'in  inade  to  liiiii 
reai'hi's  hini  inanaliielared  hy  lii*  hit  I'tmi'/,  or  /m/v  vooe/,  tlio 
nmmhirins  ot'  liis  pal  lee ;  and.  he-ides,  he  is  -o  intatnatid  hiiIi  liis 
pretemled  jramiiur,  so  unplial'le  in  llie  miilst  ol'  liiiman  vieissi- 
tildes,  HO  uninaiiaL'eahle  in  rrver-is,  so  terrihle,  so  ridiealoiis,  so 
I  ini[t)a<-:ihle  in  his  veii^reanee,  that  the  ;rreat  art  ot  the  eoart  is  tii 
I  ileeeive  liiin,  and  is'i-saade  him  he  li;is  Uth  always  sneei'sst'al.  'lite 
I  inspectors  seiil  into  the  provinces  are  intiillihly  errnptnl,  iiiid  the 
ri'ikirt  whieli  thev  ;:ivi'  will  ho  ni'>nliled  Hcntriittnj  to  fustum, 
;   Thus  liis  armies,  which  lie  suppo-cs  to  he  innaineral'le  and  inviii- 

cihh',   liave   little  evisicn M'.pt    on    p:ip<'r.  mid  tlie   mandarins, 

who  iniilcrstand  llieir  trade,  keep  t'or  themsi'lvs,  as  an  atldition  to 
their   salaries,  the  enoriiious  sums  deiitilied  lor  the  pa^  of  these 
i  muster  lolln  of  soldiers. 


II 


•lit  1 

I 


im<3  i 


'ill  n 


i|!il!?'i 


I 


i! 


flH 


m: 


vt 


13< 


ALL   ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


ilcte.'nl  <jf  O'lIIVi'vill;;  'I'irll   li'll,  1  ll.iilll'll,    to    tlll'    tinit    111" 

tln!    llii'Diu'.    a.s    ill-   liail    I II  unli'ii'd   tii  do,  coiiti'liti-il 

tiiiiisi'lf  wiili  iilliUMitiiin  iill  till'  i'\iU  til  want  of  eiicrjtv 
(111  tlif  |iiiL  lit    Sill,  vnciiiy  lit   Kuiiij;  si. 

Til.  iiisiin  '  i  HI  ill  till-  iinMiitiiiii'  ki'pt  iii.ikiii,'  lii-ml. 
All  mIm  jiiiiic'l  111  till!  imni'liH'iit  nil  iill'tlii'ir  |iiu'' liU, 
.■illmvci!  tlii'ir  li  lir  111  ;;iM.v  Imi'.^,  iiiiil  ii'|il;n-i'>|  i lie  T lit  ir 
cliiak  liv  llii-  olil  i;.iriii  iit  ii|>riinii{  in  trniil,  wliiili  wa^ 
ViiHIi  ill  llii'  tiiiir  lit  till'  .MiM,'s  Tlir  iiii|n'llal  onil 
iiiisiiiiiii'i'  I, ill  i-stitiiliiiii  I  Ins  li  a  I  i|iiai'li'.'-i  at  Kii.iy  liii. 
mil'  lie  .i]i|.iiiiili;|  ,is  lii.s  iiiilli'ii  i:il  I  lie  Irniri' i.K  t 'liaw 
tiaii  t.siii,  ;{. iViTiiur  lit  Kii  II  in  I'Imm  wa.s  (In-  siivairi' 
wliii  rut  (ill'  till'  liiui  r  liji-,  III  ilii<  niiiiiiii  Kiiiiiki'1.1  111 
lilt  11:111.       riii'sc  rliii'l'taiii^  iii';,(iii  tlii'li'  rrii«ii|i'  a;;aiii>t 

tile    liisiii'i i.iiiii^ls   liv  |iniliii'.;  till'     .ii«|ii'i'li  il    ainl    tlir 

Citlll|il'iimi'^'il  III  ili'alli,  lli-^iiMil  lit  iii<|i|l\  all.|i'kil|i{  till 
iirair;;  'Ills. 

Siii'li  a  mill'  lit  |ipii'ri'iliii'_'  Wiis  lialuially  tnlluwiii 
liy  iiii  siili-iti'lnry  ri"i|llt  Clfii  trii,  allliiiii;;li  ki  |i(  iii 
till'  li.iik^r  iiiiiJ,  iv.is  iiui',;i'i|  wiili  llic  r.ii'an  rnluiiit  i| 
iiii|ii'n.il  I'.ilii'-i  aii'l  liis  |iiilrail  was  ili^M'iiiiii.ilcij 
tlii'<iii,'liiiiil  ill-  |ii'.i\  iiii'i'v  ii<i  ilmilit  willi  a  \  ii-w  lit 
|iri'|iii'iiii;  tin-  iiiiinU  nt  llii'  |irii|ili>  In  llie  ri'\i\i':| 
I'listiiiiii'  lit  tin-  aii'i'slral  kiiiii-i  I'ln'  riiijii  inr  liriami' 
t'Xi'fiililiiily  i'\.is|iiM' ili'il  at  'ill  ;{'  iHiii-iiiiis  wliiili  ll.i- 
isisiiii'i'rtinii       as    assiiniii','     a,        In'    ili"-|i  iiilii'il      ii> 

|irillll'      lllllli^t     l',       S:ti    I'll  |||i»   ||;l,       .1    i'illll|i,'lllll'd         liy       l«.i 

iitlirr  .M  III!  till  'I'ai't  IIS,  I','.  Iiiii'^  ..inl  I'a  -iiiil;  lia  ll,i' 
latti-r  slaiiiii  I  wnlilln'  ■laiii.'lili'i'  ntlln'  >lii|i\\  iiikiil  "t 
till-   X.i-I,.,  I,IJ,  ,      111   Kii. IV   Ml. 

il  wa-.  at  till-.  liiUi'  llia^  tin'  ii'|iiil't  IniiiiH'  I'liriilit 
that    lint   iillly    VV.LS  Tii-ll  lill    .t    i|">irl|i|.llll    nt    tiir  kiiii;s. 

Iml  iliil  III'  rtMs  als  I  a  ( 'lii'istiiiii,  mill  llial  I Millirrw 

iiliijs  all  I  iIi'nI  I'.iyi' I  |i.i^iiila>  w  Ih'Ii'MI-  Iii'  iih  I  liiiiii 
"11  his  iLlssii^-  t  )|iiiiii.||s  air  ijuiili'il  as  In  \\  In. 
I'nillrili  Iti'ij  lllnsl  I  iw.irijs  liii^i'lllilialllli,;  llli^  I'llllinM' 
till-  lll»IM':{  -Ills,     wlin     Wislllil     In    1 rill. ill'     till-    Kllln 

|M>aiis.  Ill'  tin-  iiii|ii-i-i.ilisls,  w  ill!  wi'i'i'  ili'sii'niiM  nt  iiiiiiriiii,; 

till'      ill^ll    ','l-|ll->     III      till'      il|lllllllllS      lit      till       |»'njlli-.  Tin- 

[il-n^l-.'-s  :i(  till-  iii.iil'i-i-r'.iiiii,  ill'  iillii^y  Is  il  wa«, 
was  :,'  111-  S.UII1'  liiiii'  \\i\  wiiliniii  iis  I'al.il  t-llis-is 
nil  till'  rniiiilrU'S  III  wiiuli  war  w.ih  waiiril.  'Ihi- 
'I'.ii-l  ir  -,'i'iii-i'.il.     Iliilaiitai.    ili  s|iili'iiril    trmii    I 'aiilmi 

tn  i-nlltl'illl    till'   rr'n'ls,    was   snli  l\     \\n|s|i'i|    Iji'iir     j  ,' i   M     | 

Sill  liiiiiii'lt  llii'ii  I'lili'l'i'il  li|inii  1  ralii|i.il;;ii,  alili' I  ami 
alii'tli'il  11.  Sam  k\\\,  the  jii-i-|irt  >•(  sliaiii.'liai,  Imt 
omlil  •'Ili'-'.  iiniliiiivj  riilirr  willi  ;^iiil  nr  Willi  niiis  -n 
111'  i-i.'ii-  ii;i'.l  liiiiis.-lt  Willi  M  mliii^  iiiillr;!i'-i.l  a|ii»  li.i. 

jihil   \  ii-l'i'ii-s  til  till'  ,'^llll  ><(  IJi'aNi'li. 

Ill  ■lii.v,  I '"^-M ,  all  alli'iii|it  V  as  mali-  u|i'ai  lli.'  liti- 
nt  till-  <-iii|i -rnr.  ami,  in  i-niisiijiniii  i-,  i  i^liti-i-ii  yr.iiiil 
III  iinl  inns  aii'l  i\i'iy  iiii-niln-i-  '<{  llirir  lainiliis  win- 
|iia  I  iili'itli,  ttii  till'  L'lilli  lit  Si-|ili'iiilii-|-  III  (III'  K^iiui- 
Vi-il',  till'  i-i'lii-is  iililaiiiril  II  yii-al  vii-tniy  at  ^  nin;  yaii, 
iiiii|  many  iiii|ini-iaiii  t-ilii'-  ti-ll  in  i'nii.«''|i|i-iii "  iiitn 
tln-ir  liiiiils.  ity  I  |ji>  I'lnl  >\\'  I  >'■  I .  tlnii  I  i'liiiii|ilis 
Wi'ii-  s.i  ii'i ml-niiN  tliiil  till'  (ia/.illi  lit  I'lkiii  ri-a.>"-il  In 
ri'lji-li  T  llii'  xirlnii  s  nlil.iiiiiij  liy  llii'  I'aitais.  ih  ni'ijcr 
In     r.i-.iil     llii-     nh  inla'.'i-    nl.tiiin'il     \t\    llir    ( 'Iiiih-h' 

All     till'    tnillli.ij     I    1  MIS     tlllnll^linlll      ll|l-     l'lll|iiri'     Will' 

pill    ill  ,'i  stall'  III    il'li'iHi-.  ami  t'i|in;{i'ii|iliii'   iiliii-  '.iii' 

|ii|lilislii'i|   III    tin-    |ii-n:,'i'i'^s   nt  till'  infill  11  i-t lull,  ami   nl 

liiwiis    all'l    ilislni-|s    lli.ii     hail  lii't-li    siiri-i's.sivi'ly  n,  ■  n 

[ilisl         It     i.     sl.iliil,    tliil     till'  I'liilirsi',     lit     tin-    nll.s.-t, 

.-|iii'i-'l  I'll'  iiili.iliit'iiil ~,  mill  iilliiMiij  ihnsfwhii  I'liiiM' 
tni|i'|iiii  with  llii-ir  uiinils,  w !,i  II  ilii-\  liM.k  |»is-i  ssmn 
litany  lirw  nty.  Iiill  lliiil,  wIh'Ii  iIm'  ju-ari-lill  lin-lrliaiils 
all'l  tiaJrsj'i'iipl'    tnnk  ailvaM.'^!'  n|    lliis  i  liiin  iny,  llii- 


Tart'ir  tiiMi|i-  iiiiitnriiily  il('s|in|ialfil  lln'iii,  ami,  if  tlioy 
att<'iii|it(-i|  tn  lirti'lul  tln-iiisi'lvi-s,  >li-w  llii'iii  witliiiiit 
IlK'rry.  •' Ynll  iir. ,  '  i'M'lailiii-i|  tin-  iili'i^'liaiit  ritizrlis 
tn  the  Iiii|ii'nalint.s,  "a.s  inii-i'  lii'liiii  llir  n-li-ls,  ami 
ti);i-rs  III  ujt. 

Ill  till'  im-aiitiiiii'  Sill  hail  olli'i'i'il  i-l',-|ily  thiiiisainl 
t  n-is  till-  till'  hiail  nt  I'ii-li  till,  ami  that  nt  his  rniiii- 
i-illnr,  that  is  tn  niv,  imli\  nlii  illy,  twinly  thnii.saiiil 
tails  h-.^s  than  .III'  |'i-Im-|s  Ii.hI  nlli'inl  tm-  his  nwii 
(-niiiiiiiii  i'liit.  till  hi-.nls  ,'iimiii^'.  hr  invriili'il.  in 
ni'ili  r  |.i  ;:i't  liark  In  Caiitnii,  tin-  .ilininiiialilr  tal.M-ln ml, 
ami  wliirli  was  |iiilill^lii-i|  in  lln-  I'rklli  <ia/.rlli',  that 
tin-  rnlt.iijiii-i-  it  M.ir.in  Will'  alinlll  tn  iiiviilc  llii) 
(.■<-li->tial   Kiii|iili-' 

riio  n-lii-|s  -  ami  il  is  iii  im|ini-liiiit  jmi'it  (n  iintii-i' 
as  11  lc'<Mi|i  fur  till-  viiiilai.i'i-  nt  ri\ili-i-il  iiatinim  -  iliil 
lint  i-art"  tn  pn.-ii\<-  lln-  plmi-.s  Ahiiii  lln-y  i-apluicil. 
I;  ;i;i|«ai-^  that  lln-y  iliMi'ijiiiili  il  llir  I'"iiiih,  n|-  lirst  cla.s.i 
iitii^.  .iiiil  Nan-  .mil  CImhs.  nr  rilirs  nt  llir  m  I'liiiil  ami 
iliinl  il.iv.,  with  sniiii'  tt'w  t'.xt'rptiniis,  alikr;  tinir 
nliji  t  t  wa.-  tn  |Ki— ,<'>>  ilii'iiiMi  l\i  s  nt  Nankin,  tin-  amiriit 
rapilal  nt  tin-  Aliiii;  il\  iia.-ty.  ami  atli-r  Iriyiii;;  tin- 
lla-alis  111  :i-vs;in  tor  p'l\  lli;;  thril'  Uniips,  I  In  \  rsarllalril 
i-ai'li  tiiwic  ill  it.-  turn.  Iiiil  in  ii  rniintrx  sn  pi-riilinrly 
I  i'iilrali-<'i|  .IS  <'Vrr\  tliitin  i.s  in  t'liina.  .sn  Imi^'  a.s  i'rkiii 
niiiaili^  III  tin-  halnls  n!  ihi-  .Malilrlins,  thi-y  will  pii' 
-iivi-    llii-  t-liipin    111    ihr  ( 'rlillal     l.aml.       Sn    alun    is    it 

thi'i'i'.  aiiil  thill ly.lhal   li.itlnlif<,  lialllnl,  Irailnimi.-ly 

asxiiiltinl.  ami  siili|r<-lt'ii  In  all  kiinls  ami  ilrsi-riplnnis 
nl  ili'lia.siii^  imli^'iiitir>  at  tin-  li.iml'  nl  a  si-t  n|  iiii.-i  i.ilih' 
iii.imlariiis.  imisl  seek  I'-r  s  ti-lailii'ii. 

'riii-  Mitnrv  was  tnllmMil  \\  tin-  .sill'ji'i-tinll  of 
lill  iliii  III,  ill  tin-  p|ii\iiiii'  nt  ('.iitiM.  Knrnpriimi 
li.nl  lliii-ii  liclli-r  np|»irtiiiiit\  nt  III!  nmiii;;  ari|iiiiiiilri! 
Willi  ihi'  t.^)i  lii-s  III  lill'  rlillii'M',  ai  il  tlii'\  a:ri  Vl..iiiril 
tli.it  lill  y  aih  aiii  I'll  In  tin-  a.-.si'lll  in  liilli  Irlit  IhiiIiis 
ii'.i  nil  liv  imii'i't'inlflit  rliirti-.  lail  a',1  artii:^'  in  niii' 
i-.iu-i  (hat  nt  till'  iiM-rllil'nw  nt  tin-  'I'ail.ir  ilyiia.sly. 
.\  mw  nialilli'rln  v  as  ai-ii  piililishril  I'V  llii'  (Millirsi-  at 
this  <|»K'li,  whii  II  spnki-,  lik  all  tnriin  i  mirs,  nl  a  ilis- 
linliil'.i  iiii  lit    nt    till'    cliipil)'.       V  lii-li   iiiHi'  lln-y  ;;nl   tn 

riklll.    It    ua-   salll.   till'   hlllll    Unllhl     III'   llivilli'll    alllnlljr.st 

lill'  ililliniit  1  hirltaiii.-.  'I'his  ina\  m  may  i.nl  lii'  a 
ili-ri  ptmi.  nil  ill.'  pari  nl'ii'ii-nl  liinii-  Ir.iilirs  In  prnclll'ii 
.iilhi n  ■••-.  iiiit  it  IK  iiiti-ii  stiii^'  In  know  thiit  any  ill'- 
li.isi  imiii  >'i  ifii-  ini|i-rial  |i<iwir  hy  livilisnl  natiniiM 
liii\  p..t,s|I.K  Ii'.m!  In  till  ilislin-liilicinn-lit  nttlils  vast 
ai.':;|i.iiii-ritinii  nl  |ii'-ipli'  with  ililli nut  hiiliii.s.  iiiaiiiirrs, 
ami  lii'lili^s.  At  lln-  h'.Kl.  a  inliirili-ralinli  nt  li-iiilill 
s'i\i'ii'ii;iis  wniijif  vi-siilt  tmiii  till-  i'laiixniiil  inii  nf  \\ 
ln-W    -tall    I  I    tlllllL'>'  I  hi-  ililhlilll    sni'ii'lil  s.  sn  pnWl'l'- 

lill  III  t'liiiia.  alri-ail\  iiinli  i -lalnl  tins  |H'rlrill\,  ami 
,ili-  pi('p>ri"l  t'l  art  III  Niirli  ii  si-iisr  wlnll  the  tlllir  pin 
pitimi-  ti.r  -mil  a  ih.iiip'  -hall  arUM'.  In  llir  f-aini' 
iii.iiiili-sin  till  lii-rri'is  nt  lli-airii  an-  spnki  ii  nt.  ■  I  In-y 
liavi  |ir  i-tiati  il  iIh-iiim-Im's,"  iIh'X  ,:iiiiiiiiii.'i'.  "  I.i  turii 
till'  Mlpri-im  I"  iiii;.  allrr  havili;:;  nari.-il  In  wnrnhip 
IIimI.  'I 

Till'  Tarliir  jH'iH-ri!.  Hu  Ian  tai.  ilrlrriiiiinil  iipmi 
axi'iij^iii;;  till- ilissisli  rs  nl  whii  h  llir  pi'ii\  inn'  ni  I'lii;; 
In  li.'iil  Int-ii  thr  llii-atri'.  niari'ln'il  aj^ailisl  iln-    i'i'l'i'l.s   itt 

'  S'llis.  .|U(-n1  pf.«  1.IIII  il  i>>ii«,  ih'iri- I -Ih  i-iiiM_\  mil' iHsli.'ii  \'\  ^  iiii^f, 
Kii'u'   'I   till-   I  u-1,  .111.1  ^l.lll. --r  .*.!  II.  Ilk',  KiHi;'i'  lln'  Wr-t,  luui' 

mil  "nil   ali.iii.l  1.1  ll.i- J'li;  nilii'  I i.  mil'  llrUMIllv   Kut'nr.  wlin 

iriiit.-l  111.  Immmii  hlllll  .sirlli.  uml  nil  lliil  lliiriiii  i-  in  i  ilins, 
laii.!  I.,  ill.  I  lill  li-^imii.'iil.  Iiiil  ill'  1  111  lill'  i  mil  .li-us,  lln-  Muniir 

I'l'    ill-  M.irl.l.    .''I"  »  .«   .limrpiMtl.sl    ili   I  ttl-    rnlintry  nl' ,|i|lll':l,  lllllt 

-iitl'ii      >"i  111.   r..|.  ii'i'lHiii  lit  inii'ikii.'l 


CHINA,   CO<?HIN   CH!NA.   AND  JAPAN.  ^||| 

til!'  lii'inl  i>l'  nil  iiriiiv  III"  tliirtrfii  tliimsiiinl  inrii.     Tim     or  I'riitfstiuit.i,  itinl    iiiorf  csiKMiiilly  tlii>  sccrt't  sMicietv 

!nrroK  iiict    nil   llic   li:iiiks  lit'   llii-    K"ii\   kiiui;; I.  as 

ll<lliil,  till'  llii|i-ii.ili>l-  were  ilrt'i'iili  il,  «itli  tin-  liis.s  nt 
li;ill  liicir  iiMiilu-r  liy  cli's.ili.ni  iiii  1  Wniiiiil-.-.  'I'ln  ii' 
ii|iiiu   Sill   |iii11.m|   Ills   ■,'iTy  Mi"ii>l:i. 'ill's  witli    vcNatlnii, 


foiiiHJi'i!    Iiv   (iiit/.liitr,     ami    ki 


till!    "  (;hi 


.1    liil 


ijnlll'.         Ill'   .si'lll    oli' 
OHM     tlil'rlll  S    .'llt.li  III 


u|H>ii    u    .Mit.ililf  |>l.iii    til   l'i'|>aii' 


till 


'11 


MS    i'iiii:ri 


r 

ft'itilr   ami    iiiLji'Miiiin   1) 

twii  Kwaii),'s.       Ill'  liaii  not  Imlil  uC 


ly    was    aiiiitliri'  iiirM|iriiii;  of  tlii' 


rain   nf  Sin,  tl 


•\  of  tlu' 


:i  liillii'r  II 


Im'I 


I'lUi'l. 


ti'iir  tliniisiml  liiiilaloe!*  uiili   ri'siii- 


>l  to   t 


ii'ir   liiiihs,  aii'ciiii|ialili 
til. 


il 


I'lii'l'  tliuilsaml  sililii'l's,  villi  wrri'  to  till-,  tliiiii  aiiiill, 
till'  ti.rrlii's  lii\iiii;  lii'i'ii  ]iii'\  ionslv  liylitiil,  into  tin- 
iiisiirnriit  raiii|i  'I'll.'  ri'U'ls,  w.iiiii'il  nt'  I ''is  i'Ii-mt 
hlialapiil,  li'l  llir  liiltl.ilnrs  p.  i|Mirlly  I'y.  ami  till 
ii|>iiii  till  ir  ;;iiai'l,  ili'stmyiiij,' mu'  liaH'ol'  tlirir  iihiiiImt. 
Tliii  iiiMiriirti..ii  liail  N|iri'ail  liy  tlii-i  tiim'  to  llai  iiaii, 
that  ureal   imaiiilaiiioiH  iiimI   M't    Icrlili'    i-lml,  wIiuho 


ilioriyini's  li.'iM'  Ill-Mr  ln'iii  siilij 


l.iri'li'il    I.V  till'    ell 


I   (III 


11'    |I11SM'!>1I1|1 


all 

a  rrrtaitl    rxti'lit.  loillili  ilialamr    tin 


if  wliii'li  livtJri'at   r.ritaiii  wmiiil,  to 
osi'r  l.iiilv  iili- 


tiiiiii'il  liy  FlMiiiT  ill  < 'aiiilK>iiia  ami  Corliili  Cliiiia.  It 
a|i|Mars  ilial.  iis  in  tin-  |iri'vini'i!  nf  K*aii'.'  -li.  tliij 
native  iiioiiiitaiiii'i'is  al'itliil  llu!  iiisiii::inl  < 'liiiie.-'i'  in 
tlicir   iilii  llinii,    ami    they    m 1" 


il    tiielii-eh 


if     Kiiiii^' iliii  fu,     till'     i.;i|iilal,    ami     of    oilier     eli'i  f 


IllttllS 


To  til, 


•nil,  iiie  iiiMirn  .  1 ..  .1 


al-ii  siiieai 


into 


III, 


if    lliiiiaii    ai'l    llii  ii.iv,    uliii'li      for 


lil'exitv.s    Mjiki'.     iii.iV      lie     s| 


ikril      iimler      llieir    nllle 


t'oliilnoti    imiiie 


it'     llll  kwaiii;.        'J'liey    vMie    liilly   or 
riitlier    iiiiiiinlainniis    ilisiriets,    \»i;li   a    eiiiii|iaiai  ivi'ly 


•I.I 


colli     I' 


lliir.ite     Mini    tlie 


iiiliafit.'iKls   siilisisi  niainh 


cnrii  ami  veifctnliles.  The  jiro^rr-'ss  of tlie  iiisniieiiioii 
Nva.siiiil  less  rapiil  ill  these  |iii>\  inees  than  in  dn'  two 
Kwanus.  Almost  ail  the  chief  cities,  n^  well  as  the 
Ni'coiiil  class  towiiM.  fc  I  iiiio  tlieir  haliils  wiihoiit 
H'lireciy  .sliikiii:,'  i  lilinv.  Tlie  |m'ii|i1i'  iiihI  tin  irlcinlcrs 
alike  went  over  1.1  ihc  national  cause  True  In  ilieir 
oiiijinal  svsleiii.  the   iasiir;;eiils   a|i|.iin.riatiil    to   ihciii 


wives  the 


thev    al 


mliii.'  t 


rc'istircs    alio 


ttlIVS    re-lH 


(I'll 


lm|i  li  il    Inliiilc.  Iiiit 


mate    |i|ii!i 'It v. 


As  to    till 


iinliiekv  iiiaii'laniis,  ihev  h.ul  no  o;l>er  ititi'Miati\c  luit 
to  li:iii;;  thi'iiiselves  ill  ih  "|  air.  'lien  till  reniiiiiiril  ai! 
this  lime  ill  n  ntioiii{  |ii.>ilioii  m  the  iiioiinti'i.s  of 'i'sc 


illl;.',  II  it  fir  ll'iill 


Thai 


woiilciliilh    lilt 


i:,'elit  Miel'iy,    Sin,  llmSif^'Ilt    that  he    .'.oulil  IliiW    i'lUthi'l 
ilil-l  rale  his  career  I'V    enlciiie^  into   liepitiatiolis  w  itii 


tills  niyslei  Ions  jici  MHia 


Tien   I'll   coliti'lltell  llini'clf 


ii|niii    this    occasion    with     ic-Mitin:;    iiis  (laiiii 


Ihi 


llir'Hie    lis   II    ilescciiilaiit      >1   the    Miii,i;s,  ami   ilc,  lar.il 


that    the  time    hail    ckiii 
■  IvtiantV  ;jf  tia'  T-ii 


'.vhcii    the    iisiir.iiii'.;   Tartar 

kIioiiIiI     wilhilllW     to  thei.'   iiWII 


coiiiilry       A  fiiillicr  atlii',i|il  was 


inaile    i-hiilll\    all' 


this  tl 


K 


w.iv  llll    llVl^^saull.    lii't    llie    in-.lil;.'i  lils 


rccoilcil   lilt.  Ill  Ml  siriiiii;   a    |'l  ice   well   ili 


I'll  ml 


il    with 


'I  lie    T.iii.r    t'lncial.     III!  Ian  t.ii.     ImwiNcr, 


l'i''i'i\ci|    a    Huiinil    I'll    till'    kiice    ii|iiiii    this  ona-n 


Till 


will -h  wit.1  nnilcieil  latal  ''V  naliniiil  j.n  )iiil'ce> 
lINHJsl  nice  ol  ,t  siirycoll  was  -mejlit  Inl'  finiii  ('aiilnli  ; 
liiil  lis  no  straii;.'i'r  wif^  uUmMil  to  |iciielrale  inlo  the 
ii'drior.  I  In  Ian  tai  haj  to  ;,'n  to  liiiii,  ami  he  |iciish,il 
on  llie  wav  ' 


ainl    li.nl   sent   him   to  I'ckili,   ticketeil  ;ls    the  Miilalile 
Tli'l.     eh. 

Ill  the  meantime  the  iiisiirj;ents  i'.\|icrieiici'il  the 
(ii>t  reverses  in  the  north.  Atlackeil  at  1,'liao-cliii  fu. 
they  M'lc  ih  feateil  with  the  loss  of  sonic  tiuir  hiimlreil 
men.  killeil.  w'oiiiiileil,  ami  iirisoners.  A  few  days 
after  ihey  ex|>erieiii'eil  iinolher  ilefeat  at   Vaii;{eliii  ti 


mill    I  Ills  was    aeeoiii 


aiiicil  liv  a  .siul  ilisiister  to  tlieir 


fleet  111  junks,  w  liieli  was  [larlly  consiinicil  in  an  atteni|ir 


Iiiailc  to  lire   ihc    Iniiieri.il  licet.      Thev  took    their   n 


veiiv'c  at   Kwav  \  al 


I-,   wh 


icli  was  carrieil  hv  assault,  am 


the  w.ir,  like  all  civil  rtars,  liaviii:;   I 
'ly  |iroliiii','i'i|  slrii^':,'liii;,',  assi 


icconie    clivenolll 


iiiieil  now  a  iiinie  i»i'ievous 


as|.eci,  (he  |iiililic  11  iiMiniis  were  ilestroycil  aid  Imrnt, 
the  niaiiilarins  were  jiiit  to  ilealli.  ami  the  iiih  ihitaiiLs 
wliii  liail  snleil  wiih  the  liii|'eiialists  liail  to  [.iii'ihase 
tlieir  live,  .uiil   |iri>|icrly  hv   heavy  ln'Oiiniary  sacrilices. 


The  f 


llllllv  III    Hie  .^  |i|> 


I  hi 


most   wcallhv  in   ill 


1" 


vince,  was  niiilcleil  in  the  siiini  of  JIID.IIIIII  tael.s. 
Wealthy  |iatr'.iirchal  fiiiiilics  of  thi"  'lesi  ri|>tioi»  exist 
in  each  ul  the  ei^ihteiii  |i,o\im'cs  of  ilie  ('elestial  I'm- 
|iirc.  Tliiee  or  tiiiir  u!eneritii:ns  li\e  limeiher.  on  the 
KiHiH'  prii|ii'rty,  iiinli  inne  anecsior  ;    Imt  all  have   ^Mine 


|iiirsait,  lor  in  l  Inna.  the  i>|r|iii<itc  lo  i  s.  Mie  niaii  'vlio 
1,'ains  his  hrciiil  liy  imliislry  |s  inoie  cstceineil  ili  iii  he 
whii  livi-,  iijHin  his  rcM'iiiii  s 

1 1'  'he  iiiiiiith  of  Se|ilciiiliii',  1>>'iL'.  Tien-tell  esfa- 
lili-hi  1  his  licail  n'lallcis  .il  II  iiii^-i;;',i),  a  w.illcil  cilv, 
mhiiiralilv  siinatcil,  ainl  not  fir  I'.om    Kwav-iiii,    the 


hea.l 


|Uaitcrs  of  the    iiijj.nioiis   .Sin 


111    tl 


time,    in    eoiisiiii.ince    with    tl 


lilt 


leal    tlicorv   iiilvo 


le    meaii 
Iv 


cateil  liy  llie  emiioilinieni  of  'c'lcsli.il  virtue"  of  ji 
fe'liiil  i'in|iiic.  till  leinls  of  llll  Hall  |ii'oilainicil  a  new 
KoMici'^'ii.  witiioiii  in  any  way  iiitriiii,'inLi;  the  ri^jlits  of 


I"  .icsicm 


lain    iif  :lie    .Mi 


Till 


lie  <!i 


il.le 


folic  111  llie  iiisiii;^i'lits,  c^tiniateil  it  eii,'lily  thoii.saiiil 
;iieii.  lic\l  ciiiceiilratcil  itself  at  K  liilclill  I'll,  Icil  on  liy 
ehiel>  ci|iial  in  ihi'ir  ri^,lits.  |iie|iiil.i|ory  to  the  tiescelit 
of  the  Y.iii',' tsekiaiii,'.  the  most  liisiistroils  of  all  the 
eaiii|ainiis  iliirini;  the  insiirreetioii.  Several  liioit' 
towns  hill  fiilcn  intii  the  hainls  of  iho  I 'hiiiese.  At 
one,  I'ao  ehii,  the  T.irtais  hit  u{iiiiil|ie  hajijiy  ex|ie- 
iliciit  111  lurniii)^  the  river  iijion  the  enemy,  Init  it  only 
ilcslioviil  the  1'al.s  — the  lirsl  lime  jiroliiilily  that  tin 
race  hail  Keen  cxlcriiiinatcil 


Tartj 


I'lic   Kiiiiicror,  hiimilialeil  hv  so  niaii"  ilisaslers,  n 


il    his  iilil  ami    f.iilhfiil    conncilln 


1 1  eliaii    ainl 


Ki  in.  111  the  niinislrv  ;    lliii''  '.^aii.  aiinllier  liberal,  was 


naiiicil  jii'iii 


11'  minister,  in  the 


ila 


il   Sai-chini; 


nil   olil  l';.  ml  Sin  was   ,i|i|iiiint    il  t.i  the  ;;o\erii'iielit  ol 


the   11 


Mils,  ami  t  n  jilaceil  liim  al  <  aiitoii  ami  in 
the  Iw  1  Kwaii|,fs.  lint  willi  th.-sc  chanijes  n*'  eoim 
cillnis  .liiaii  fiilii,'  liiil  not  change  his  pnlicr,  Tl  e  Son 
111  lleaccn  never  ilcviateil  in  Ins  lii.>iility  lo  Kiiro|)iiiin 
Imrliar'aUK;  not  even  tie?  sei mccj  which  ihev  |iroll'erei| 


A  Ktnili;;!'  ruinoiiralsii  liecaiiie  cnricnt  in  iIom niiy  '  at  >\t  inoU  trying  inoineritB  weiri  i'a|i.i(ile  of  Koftenin 

of  lie.':  at  this  linn         It  was  neillnr  imni-  l.or  less  than  ilowi,    that    inliiiiu    of   liaiicl    whuli    he    has    siiekeii 

that  Til  n-ti  h  liel  liccii  niaile  a   |irisoncr,  ami   loiivcMil  will    his  Tarlai   niotlier's  milk 

111  Tekiii  in  I'll  liiis    Tint  Ja/.cllc  111' I'ekinevcn  announeeil  I        Th,-  rehels  fuleil    in   aiiallack    ii|iiin  ( 'li  in.;  ciia,   thf 

(he  conleiiiiiilniii  of  the   |ireteniler  to  ill  at  II.      llisla»t  i'a|  it  il    nf    llu  inn,   a    lieaiitilal   i  ilv   situaieil   on    the 

ilytiin   f| ill   ami    11  /ili's^mn    were    also   |iiililishc,|   ,it  I his  of  the  SiaiiK,  which    Mows  out   ol   a   ureal  like 

lcni;lli    in  the  sanic  nllici.il   sheet       The  chief  olijci't   nf  iiiImiIic  N'ain;  Ise  kiani,',  ,iml  hick  i|  liv  w leil  nioiiii 

tills  llolal'le  |ii|li  ii'iitloll  was  to  iin|ilicate  tin-  ( 'liaiiii;  tl,  laiiis.       TIiks  city  i.s  I'elehr.iteil  Im  an  anniial  'i   'itt,i,  iu 


,ff" 


1' :  ; 

ii 

] 

■1    . 

■        ;i 

1     j 

(1    ' 

!'  ■  1  ■ 

■  1 
.  1 

' 

lii 

128 


mm 


aUi   ROUND  THE   WuKLU. 

1 ;  ;!i!ii'i'!ii'iM!i 


CHINESE    OPIUI    SMIKtRS. 

wliii'li    l)0,it«,    rt'|>ivsi'iitiii;j    nil    tin-    rnilnstii-    :iiiiiii:ils  tlji'V  weri"  mciili  rati'    in   llitii-  ili'iiiiiinl.i,  Mii'V  <i>iitciitc<I 

ciTntiMl     liy    tllH    iiiianiii.iNiiH    iif    tlic    iliiMicii    of  the  lln'liix'lvis  willi  ilcrlniiun  tli  i1   I  Ima  liail  linij  lliciusaiMl 

•  Vloiial  Kiii|iiii',  i-iiiitu-it  for  |iri/.rs.      Tiny   W'.n    iiinri'  iiicii  on  ('unl  ;  wImm  iIu'v  ««if  cMiaNiifiaiit  tlic\  In'M.-.tnl 

Hili'Ci'snrul.    It'll    MM    liy  iiiu-   111'   tln'ir   lllost   ili>tiii;,'iii.-.lu'i|  ii|' cut!  Ilim  lli'il  iIumh.iihI  li'MniMi  s      'I'lu' Snii  I'l  lli'aM'll 

riiicfs,  'l'ai-|ii'iii{-wan^,  at  Yl  rim,  wIutc  they  ulit  liiii'il  is  lla-   imi'-t    iiii|iii'liiiil_v    inlilicil    man    iii    iiis  tinjiivr. 

j;ieai  Ixioty,  an<l   Iwi'  Ininilrcil  jnnks,  witli  wlncli  llicy  His  ininistrrs  i-uli  liiin,  tlic  ynvi'iiiois  rnli  tlic  niinis'r" 

were  I  iiaMcil  to  n.iviijali'  tin'  nvT  as  liir  as  Vaiii,'  ilni-  lln'  |>ic  ficls  mli  tlic  j;"^'  incirs.   anil   mi  mi  ilnwn  tii  (I   • 

fll.       It  is  tci  bu  oliMIVril  liric    that    tlic  viiir>iy    iil'liic  siilllhili.       Il     is     iiiii'     Uliixcrsal,     i>l j^atiiMil     system     nl 

wc'sti'iiy  iiml  nioMiil  linmis   |ii-.  n  iiic  nl'   Kwayclin   had  '  plnii'lii .       T  nhr  Mirli  a   |iii'%suii'.    Ilir  laii|irii.r  issiii  il 

nlways   cxi'Usril    li  nix'll    Ii'Mii    >i'iiiliii;.'  aiil    to   llif  Ini  an  cilirt  ralriilati'il  In  ilcliasc  a   lialinn  nnui'  than   any 


jifiial  cause  iin  the  jijca  that  tiic  |iriiviiicc  was  ia\  i){ci| 
liy  I'clicls.  The  lilt  a|i|ieais  in  Ih'  that  these  iiikiiIi- 
tainceis,    alrtavs    vas>als    ninn      than     Mihicit^      have 


raii;lv,  if  ever, 


heell    Wl 


II  atVi  etiil  touiii'ils  ihe  Manli  hil 


that,  |icrhii|)s.  was  e\er  lictiifc  i.sMicil  li\  tciicslrial 
ni'iiialch  It  is  ilii|iiis>ili|e  to  ui\e  it  at  h  l:i,'l  h.  alheil  of 
rare  iiilci'ot  ;  slllllec  il,  that  it  o|ielily  |jclliilts  the  sale  iif 


ilvnxslv. 


lie  liillv  re;';i 


n  urciianj;  tntis.',  inhalnieil  \ig  !  \-  'nell 


places  anil  ilif{iiitics,  even  lit' jiidycs,  iinil  anihnri-i's 


iiMi,  vice,  iiiiil  even  cnini 


ti>   III 


ic   inilciiiiiilic 


R    iH'accalile,    iniliist  nulls, 


mil     Wclhatrceteil    clas>    nl  :  lie 


I' 


'<i|i|e  -the  liirlli|ila.e  nf  t'linl'ii 


-also  I  lei  la  I'd  I 


The  i'cIh'Is  ciintinilcil,    in    the    incantiiiic. 


the  (Ic 


l.\ 


lit 


faviinr   of  the    insnireetinn.  anil  slew    their   jjiAcniur.  |  nf    iIm'     Yali^;  tse  kian({.   ami     nKlaiiieil     |iii»KCf 


riiu  ilescemlaiits  ot    ihe  iihiliisiiiihcr  ilwcll  in    tl> 


111 


tint, 


hall;,'  In.    the  cii|i|lal 


>f   tl 


IC  iirnviiice  o: 


f  III 


i"'y. 


anil  imaiU'i' nini'c  I  iin  a   tliniisHiil 


liM'il  there  i'e-.|B'cteil    i 
linw  twelil  V  cent  lines. 


A 


iiiniiieii    liy  all    jiai 
leri'  arc  the  liesecn 


linl  .  nt 


thegi-eat  |ihiliMn|.hirs,  ucimIi^i  s,  anil  uf  the  i,i|iil,ii  l..|'- 
of  liii,i\!iiiil V  in   Kun 


'I" 
All    these    inci'casii 


n:;    evils    «ciii    i,iii'iilc|i 


tcil     1 1 


<h't 


(Iclli  lency    III 


the    i'iiii<U,    ulieh    Ix^an    tn    a.vMimc   ai.' 
H»;k-'i  '    ii«   alai'niin;'  us    thai    nf  the   ili.'.uileetinli       'ihe 


ivenioi's  111    |iiii\iiii 


:nul<l 


give    IKj     arinlll,:     ii 


f    tl 


liiDIlicH  eiitl'islcil   III  them     All   (hey  ke|il    i-Hni;  |n|-  w 
iut>re  iiinnc^'  III  unlt'i  to  bt-alili'  t-Jiarryon  thcwui.  VS  h' 


iml  cniitaininir  at  that  time  snine    luiir  liiiinlreil  tJinii- 
~an<l    iiilialiilalit.s.      They   alsn   micccciIciI    in  nlitniniii;; 


liii.ves.siiiii    nf  nut'    nf   Ihe  liinsl    rcniill 
(,'liiiia.  till' iil't  ilcsci'ili'il   ll.ii 


ClIIC.' 


kah 
Unci 


llsti  II  ts    III 


lanj;. 


Ilai 


v.'iiiL',  <m  •    Ihm  elm,   sitnatcil   at    the    jini'timi  nl     the 
livci'    Han  Willi  the    Yiiliu  Ise  kiaii>;  ;  llic    lii-sl  mi    ihn 


iu'lK  hunk  nt  the  II 


an   .    the  secnlel  nil  I  he  lilt,  all 


I  the 


tliii'i'  nil  tl |i{in.Nit,'  hank  nf  the  ^  aii^  t^c  kiaii|{,  anil 

■;iit  less  ei  leliralcl  I'm  lie  if  |in|iiilal  iili,  wcillli,  ill- 
iliistiial  ninvciiicni,  anil  iiiynaii-  nl  Junk  than  Inr 
|)lctuic.>i|iic     ileUill     nf    thu     |iai  Is    aiii.'     the     ^eli  'nil 


./^ 


till 
111'. 


IMV 

n.i'l 


lit 
if 

'iiy. 

ull- 

illg 

ill 

Mil- 

iIki 

h.i 

lilt! 

Nil 

iii- 
l.ir 
rul 


CHINA,  COCUliJ  CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


m 


ni.i^jiiifiponcn  of  tlio  wlinlo.     Since  th<»  |MTiocl  now  in  '  kiinin  is  fnrmwcd  liy  tx  tiinuHiiiiil  i':in:il.-i  full  of  (!»)),  and 


M" 


iit'Htiiin,  our    (inti-riirisin;;  wiir   Mtt-imK-rs  li.ivi'    iiiiulr  f  linnl  witli  lianilioos  Mini  wil 


I'Ik 


III  ir  way  ii|>  to  tiim  ;^riMt  coiiiiiiim'imhI  oi'iit 


if  I  'liiiiii, 


ami,  alas  :   foumi  it  luullv   ftll 


llf   III    |'\ITV     I'l 


fl'cilii  wliit   lia<l    licrii    (li'|iii'tri|    liy   ilill'l-i'iit     tl'aM'llci'S 


|iri'vioiis  to  tliu  ravajfi'h  < 


i.f    ll 


il.s     most    ln;'litliil     ri\i 


Thi>  fact  of  till'  fall  of  tlio  Tlin-i'   Citi.'S  „(   llii  |m'1i 


rorlilii'il  liv  iiiiin'rial  iirurlainali 


ri'inl  with  it  alarii 


tliroii:{lioiit  till-  wlii)l<'  ciiiinii'.      Not  a  town  Imt  tii  ich 


ItH  Ifvirs,  ami  |in'|iai' 
tary    I't'HtMirrnH    iHissrssc 


fu- 


rl 


I''  |i:iiirity  ill   mil 


'I   liy   ('liiiia  mav  lie  jml;,'i'i|  cif 
wlii-ii  il  is  known  ilia).  Sliiin^'liai,    with   a  lai<{i'  lloatint; 


in  till'  I'i'al,  ami  not  tlu:  rt 


|Hi|iiilation  (11  Mti 
wnsi!  llf  tliu  uiii'il),  ami  a  ri'siilciit  |io|iiilatloii  of  oni! 
liiMiilri'il  tlioiisaiid  iiiliaMt  lilts,  could  only  fiiinisli  a 
('oiitiMi;i'nt  of  a  liiiiidrrd  i'i';{iilai-s,  and  ()i<!  samiMiiimlici' 
|io|iulai'i',  i-s|iiviiillv 
I  ■ 


of  viiluntt'urs. 


'I'l 


llv  tli< 


|Hii'lion,  ait  i'X|nTirn(e  h  is  since  shown,  ii'siTVi'il  tlii'in 


II  iritimi' 
1  th. 


wives  fur  notion    when   ihefi 


liiiid 


ro  gruater  ehanoes  of 


IT. 


When    the  (/'liinese  |iiity  had    illlis  ohiaiiied  posses- 


if  th 


le  riehe.,t    iiimviih f  the 


Liaii'.;  nan 


Mil 


id  Kiaii^'-si,  tie  ir  lenliT*,  a-.siiiiied  a  reil  im|ioilanee, 
and  iiii)i-e  eiirreil  iif  niii  iliuii  w.us  olitiined  ius  to  tleir 
individiiility.     'I'ai  [lih,'  wan,  we  use  only  his  assn d 


'til 


e  j{riMt  |ii  ilieitiir,    was  the  •oinni  iieler  in 


eliief,  and  he  had  wiili  him  tour  kin;;*,  h  s  eoll 


iiii;{'Wan^,  kinu 


.f  ll 


le  e.ist, 


little 


e  so  ire  man. 


ihirlV'ti 
11 


\e    years 


if  avc,  ail  I    |iilti!d    with 


i|    the    west,    y  Hill'.;,   .letive,  an  I  lirav 


iigiies  : 
.ill  lilt 
sni  ill-|iox  ; 
I  I.I 


'.1 


le  plains 


lietv 


with     vi'llow     eoliiiii.     lice,     fruit,    itiid 


ve^'etahles  that  yield  two  erops  in  the  year.  Seiirlet 
and  mother  of  peaii  phiMsiints  enliven  ihe  seeiie.  This 
province  alone  siijiports  lhirty-ei);lil  niillions  of  in- 
haliitants,  ten  times  as  miiiy 
till 


IVIi 


Mini,    and   inurii 


lan  all    !■' ranee  put  to;;ether. 
Whilst    the   army    of   tln'    live    kinu's    «as   |;nt)iL'red 


I  till 


Id 


lllo 


allium 

it  were,  llf  an  I'Xtinct  dvnasi 


niimeiit   of  the  ( ' 
tv       till 


llltiys 


the  axi.s,  tm 
iiiMuii   nine- 


sturied  |ia;{oda  —  the  Knipernr  was  rii>inL;  hix  wife  liy 
procUmalion  in  the  Mu  siii/MUi  the  •  llicial  giiM'tti^ 
of  I'ekiii.  and  the  .\l''nUiiif  of  the  eij,diti  en  province.s, 
and  of  three  liiindr'd   and   sixty   inilliotiit   of  |K>o])Ie — 


to  the  rank   of   Kin|ires.s   ii.s.s<Hiate.      Sin    was 


■1, 


and    the    aid    of    ships    piircha.si'd     from    the    An^lo- 
.Vmeriein.s,    an  I     of     rusty     jjnns     lMiu;;lit     from     the 

r 

till 


irlil'Olese  11 


I   .M 


leao.   V  as  .siiii;;lit    fa'. 


in  vain 


de 


llf  tl 
ll 


id 


calillal    III    the    Cliii 


It  all 

i^s    imtiirallv 
aimed    the   revival   of  the 
dynasty,  and  the   n- esl.ilili.-liiiiiiil  of  their  i-ity  as  the 


iiise    Willi 


capiiil    llf    the     einpiie.       Nankin 


the  in-iiiri^cnts,  who    have 


hi 


1  iipilulat4'd    t< 


It    mill    the  niiiutliH  of 


the     V, 


tse  ki 


Tl 


Chiiie.si!   parly 


may  lie  liarliai'ialis  :  in  that  liny  only  iinililte  their 
rivaU,  the  .Manlehus.  'liny  may  have  destroyed  citien 
and  massaered  the     inliahitalits.    where   tlay    liit't    wilh 


>li 


ii|ipiisitiiin ; 


th. 


lev  nia\   liave  suae  lieeii 


heati 


liy  the   M.intelni    Tartars,  w  hen  they  crushed  the  lloiinn- 
lii,  nr  Yellow   l{iver,  on  theii  wi  y  to  J'ekin  ;  they  may 


the  .\ehilles  nf  this    pleiad   of  kiii;;s.   lull  siiii;e  de  id  ;     hive  m  iiiife^terl    ii  hostile  liemii  ^  In  KiirupealiN  owiii}' 


>l    III 


le  siiulli.  a  man  of  letters  ;    and  !  p.irlly  to   the    iiiisripieMiitii 


.1   ll 


leir  coiinli  \  men, 


I'ay  »ain(,    kiin{    of    the    iiui-lh,   youii'.;,     iiid   of   i^reat     and  pully  to    the  attitude  ai-Mlinil    hy   the    Kiiro|ieaiis 


Htrcii^lli    and    lnll'e| 


tloli 


.^U'll    were  llli 


dllv— the    le 
rl's  wl 


it    the    inslll'I'i 


llienisi  Ivi 


th 


ii>e  ir  iiv  now 


acted     II, nil 


ey      may      Imv 


III  lilt  I 


Sir    tJeorj 


am  s    miKKinii    mi 


irvilv,  I.I  ll    till  ir  I  liief   miiv,    ii 


in  ciilieci'l,  and  they  wiie  aided  ,uid  .ilicllel  liy  .i  ^fi'c.it      Oriental     ext  l'ava;;alii  e.  havi    f:i  lie  n>  hll   as  to  ilesi^niite 


liiimlier  of  infi'iiia'  olliiers 


wii    iii'iii  .lers   are    al-io     himself 


Ihotli 


er  llf  tliir  Sav  il  nr. 


It 


Kast 


elii 


dcserviiii;  llf  iiieiiliuii,  as   they  m  ly  pl.iy    m  imp  at. ml     e\|ires^iiiii,   as  they  .-ay    Sun 


( 


i'ul     lhe>     ]ia\( 


part  shiiiild  I  he  I 'liineie    pirly  lie  si ■■-•I'lil,  and  cirry     xmie  redeeiiiiii^     |siinls   iiliiail    ilnin.   llity    have  nvcr- 


the  da 


'liiist  the  .M  iiilclm   r.irlars.      One  is  a  little 


iliniwn 


ido'.alrv.    they  niii\e    tin    W'l.id   of  (iod    with 


Hharp,  clever   persuiia^e,  l''uii;{  y  cliaiij;.  liy   naiiie  ;    the     the     jjrcatcsl      deleiem 


they   call    im 


other  ii«  a  thill,  iiu;lv,  and   liony,  hut  a  liii;lily  ediicited     hrothers,  and    tlioy  are  iii^a;:eil    in    prinliii^    the    JSilile 


man,   and  the  aiillinr.   it  is  sippose 


I,  llf  most  of  the  '  to  a  very  larije    extent. 


'11 


lele    laliiMil 


a    oticstloii. 


pi'iiclamatioiis   isniii'd    liv   the   iii^ui';{ciils  .     this   i.s   the  i  then,  Imt  that,    with  all    tlieir   faiillH,    they    pieMiit  the 


iM'I'si.n  who  IS  ll  •lievc 


d  to  hi 


llii 


if  llh 
Ifi 


,  (Ml, 
I 


I'rotesi.inl.  I  hesi  niatuiial  with   which  to  work  oi.t  tin 


lej;enelati(in 


I  'liinese  I   moil,     il  not  all  actual 


disciple  III  I  iiit/l.ill  s 


II 


11 


is  n.iiue  IS  I. 'hi  la 


.11. 


of  Cliimi.       If.  alter  the  lapse   of  Ml   iiiiiny    Miirs,   liny 

havu    lieeii     linalile     to    expel    the     I'liijniii),'    ilyna.sty, 

Alter  they  iililaiiied  pos.>es>ion  of  liie   tnpl"    city   nf    still    they     hold     |  k  i.sseshie.n    ot     lln     i  ii  hcst    and    must 

II  |iili,  the  rehels iiiiiiied  the  liesieut  of  the   Sale,'      Wealthy    and    central   p|iivinie>   uf  the    Klnwiry   Linil. 

tse  kiaii<4..uid  occupied  siiccc.s.sivi'lv  Koi  ki  111;,',  <  i. Ill  km,  i  I  If    the     Iniir    liiosi     impoitant    and    einlial    miirtx   of 
iiid    Mil  hll.      ( lilt. lining   pussi's.i.in.  at  llii'    same   tune,  |  China,    (  Ini  sin.  on   the     \  clluw    Hiver,   Ku  .-haii.    llaii- 

cliii.    and     Kin^  Ise  chill,    three   are    on    the    vit.st    and 
piipilliius   plain  III  the  V.'IIil;  t.s<'  kiiim,;.  iiiiil  in  the  liaiidx 


of  all   the    junks   and    ineichjiiils    yes.sels   lliit    Were   mi 


tl 


le  river,  the  livi 


kiii;;^ 


de    ll 


'I'l" 


I'llll'l 


Nankin,  with  a  firmid  tide  licet   and   an   aiiiiv    of  lilt\ 


llf  the  Chinese   party 


In   till 


III    1 1 


thiiUHind  men  N.inkiu,  with  it^  live  hundred  tlmu  <  Manteliiis,  there  only  remain  a  few  sliiiii^diohls,  thti 
>;iiid  inhaliit nils,  had  Ims'ii  the  capital  nf  the  enipiie  |K>rlM  maintaineil  liv  Knropeaii  forces,  nml  the  iioitheily 
under  the   Ming  or  Chinese  dyniusly       What    ri'inains    proviiiceH    of    I't  elieli,    or    I'liy  ehi-li,    Clian-si.     uud 


III  the  present  day  of  this  niice   yreat    city,   iH'cupies, 
like    the    cxistiii)^   t'r.k;;iueiits   nf   lli^d.id — tlm    eilv    of 

Kliiilifs 


■Illy   a   siiial 


(lent     of     III' 


circuit    III   the 


(Jill 


walU,  rthieli  eiilliriced  .in  area  three    liine.H   the   extent  i 


VIII    TiiK  <.!:r\T  uivKita  of  china. 


jf    I'aris.      The   I  iml 
rly  St  I 


is    nnw    iiiltivaled    where    thcii 
III 


TlIK 


vast 


ipi 


if  China    is   divided    into   thret 


were  firmerly  strei'ts,  and  the  yra-ss  grow-,  nil  the  ipi,i\-i     v.dhys,  liy  three  jjreat  rivefsi  :    the  I'earl   lliver.  at  tlm 
I    In    lie   in    It    liiiiie    low.      Vot  j  s<'a  hoard  nf  which  lies  Caiilnii  and   llong  ;  the  Yang 


thi 


llllkH     IISi'l 


liiii;  can   exceeil    the    leiiiliiy    of    the    pmvince   of  j  Izi- hi  iiig.    nr    "  Smi   nf  the    Oc 


it    the 


Ith    III 


III.       It  kurpiuMi'K  alike  h'l.imlern.   I'l  li;iiim.  and     which    lie    Chiisan     and     Sh.inuhai  ;    and     the     Yelhiw 


l/oiniinri|y.      'I'he    fertilw    alluriuui    of    the    Yang  lav    i  liiver,  uii   the  other   sidu  of   wliioll   lieit   I'vkin 


It 


l!ij 


!;l!  I ! 


isa 


KIX   BOUND  THI  WORTJ). 


jji  ii;,'ri|iliiriilly  liomiilril   mi  llio   smith   iiihI  cii.st    liy  tlio 
rai'illi'  I  li mil.  oil  till'  iim  I  li  liy  tlic    N'  ii  i  luiiii  iit'  iiimili 

t.llllS,    Mini     till'     (il'IMt      I'lXIt     lit"    (Jlllli.     or     till'    "Sell    of 

SmikI  ;"  t'l  till'  »i'st  liv  till'  iiiiiiiiit  liiis  III'  'I'liilii't  ;  ami 
to    1  111'    MMiili  wr>l    liv    till'    ]f>n    I'li'XMti'il    iilii;r.'<    tliiit 


ruu   on   till'    Aiiii'iii'iiii   rivi'i-N — vrtwolx   driwini;   from 
tliii'li'i'ii  iiii  lirs  til  llii'i'i'  li'i'i  lit   watiT  — It  uiMilil  iiM'Vi 
talily;;i\('  an  fiinniimis   iiii|irtiis  to  tlic   tratlir  i>l    tliat 
({li'iit  ri\i'|-. 

A*  \vi' asci'iul  till'  Yaii',' t.-i'  kiaiii,',  tin- 1  il  irs  an'  ('•iiihI 


I'Xii'iiil    jilmi,'    till'   limits    uf   tlio    liiiniii'M)  t'lii|iil'0    ami     to  lir  saili\  ilrM'lalril  l>y  |iriil<ili'.4ril  civil  \mi|'.      Ilali-kcw. 
Tmii|iiiii.  m°    Man  rliii,   i.s  tlu'   iiin^l    n'liii'.il    >\><'i    in  tlir    ■  ni|>it'(', 

Till'  |HiiiiMiiiit  till' t.'liiiu'Si' i'iii|iiri!  at  till-  in'i'sriit  tVmn  wlii'iu'o  I'uri'inn  traiUt  nii:;lit  faili  ilr.  Tlie  /  "Ci.  i;.i, 
iiimin'iit  is  truly  ili'|iliiral>lr.  It  i.s  |iri'.s>t'i|  ii|ioii,  mi  I 'aptaiii  Slnranl  ( (slimii,  (li.i«  ii'j{  M.xli'rn  li'i  t  of  water, 
till'  I'liast  line,  liy  l''r.ili<'i-  ainl  Kiii;lanil  ;  'Hi  tin-  -.iile  ul'  leaclieil  tins  ^leal  ami  iiii|i"ri,ii.t  tential  marl.  'Ilii' 
its  ii'irtiii'rii  tVmit  el',  liy  till'   Itii^siaiis  :   an  I,  ii|>na  the    river  is  navi;;al<lii    mm  li    tiiitlier   ii|i,  iiinl    liexmiil  iiru 

smitli    anil    in    tlie    centi'i',   liy     its   omii    | jile,   wini    i  aravan  rniites   to    Nepal  iiml  linlia-    tlie  iiiirieiit  i  nin 

H'i'iii  I'l's'ilveil  til  cxtiri'ati'  till'  Tartar  ^nvii'iiiiii'iit.  iiiereial  line  lielweeii  tlie  exlreme   ni.^l    iiinl  llie  iinlial 

It  nill  lie  .veil  tliat  t'nr  the  |iiir|iiiM'S  iif  l'!ill'n|ii'all  ,  east  —  liet'iii'e  >lii|is  went  tii  lliilia  l>y  the  ('ii|ii'  nt  (luiiil 
tr.ule.  the  rixer  en  i  niuiiie  it  imi  nt  ( 'liiiia  is  mie  nl'  the  '  I(ii|h'.  If  tiio  S'.iii^  Im-  kiaii;;  is  not  the  lmij;i>t  riM-r 
llttili'sl   iiii|M>rt:ilii'i',  ami  In  t  his  jHiint  we  liiii>t  ill'aw  our     ill  the  Wurlil,  lieili;{  tlini'  thiaisaliil  Iniles,  it  it  dies  lint 

reailers' at  lent  lull.      (Iltln'lhi ),'ri.it  l'i\  <'r>      I '.iliinn     ilr.iin    sn    lar;,'e   all    ana    e\eii    as    the    Aliiiir-     IM'i.MMI 

has  alreaiK  iiiaile  iis  ai'i|ii.iiiili  i|  willi  tlio  i'e.irl  llie  tn  I  |.'i,llllll  Hi|ilar(!  liille^  -it  is  iini\ei>all\  ailmilliil 
Vellnw  Kivir.  trmn  the  shilliii;  nt'  Us  w  itei-s  ivsliirli.  to  lie  one  iil'  the  must  ini|inrtalit,  haNiii^  ...n 
of  late,  lia\e  ile>lrnyril  the  ( tiiiiil  ( 'anal  i,  is  of  niiiini'  iii.iny  |iii|iiilmis  eities  eiinlailiiii!{  mie  hliinlnil  millii'iis 
iin|Kirlaiii'e  as  a  nie.ins  of  eniiiiiiiiniiatinii  I'rniii  (he  si'.i  of  |ii'n|i|i' on  its  hanks,  aiwl  tr.iMrsin;;  as  it  ilm  >  the 
ImiiiiiI,  lint  the  \:t\i\i  t.se  kiaiii;  stanils  iinrixalliil  liy  I  eeiitre  of  mie  nf  the  riiliest  ami  most  piniliiiliM' 
any  ntlier  ri\i'r  in  the  wmhl,  as  rei^.-irils  its  |in|iiil,ition.  ,  eoiliitries  in  the  worhl.  ill.'  traile  ot  Mian^liai  in 
its  we.ilth.  ami  the  eiinrnimis  trallii'  that  tikes  |ilaei' oil  I  ex|Hirts  alone  is  imw  almllt  .1!  I  I'.IMMI.dlill  hti  rhiij;  |ier 
its  w. Iters.  There  is  a  ijreati'r  traileearrieil  on  lii't  rteeii  annum,  |i  liil  t'nr  liy  .Manehesler  iiinl  l.eiils  j;ni-is,  Im/ 
the  eii;liii'i'ii  |irovinei's  of  China  thin  lietweiii  all  siiverviii'l  o|iiiiiii.  To  w  hat  I'.Mint  thin  traile  iiii^hl  lif 
Kliropl'  aii'l  the  rest  of  the  wmlil  If  we  wi^h  to  lia\e  e.xtemleil  in  the  \alley  nf  the  N  iili),'  ti-e  kiiili^;  it  Wniilil 
a  share  in  that  tra'le,  we  iiiii'-l  no  ii|i  to  Man  eliii.'  ;  he  futile  to  s|iei'iil.ite  ii|imi,  hut  it  n|iens  ]>rns|i('i  t.s  e\en 
where  we  sli.ill  Iiml  a  new  m.irkel  fur  mir  niaiiii  fir  Im'MuiiI  that,  iiinl  »liiili  e.^liial  tn  the  \ii\  heaii 
faitiires,    ami     means   of    ili-iiihiiiin;;    them     in    the    of  Tliihet. 

interior  aiiioni;  millions  who  li.ive  never  lie.inl  nf  |  As  ymi  |irneei'ii  ii|i  the  river,  it  will  he  fmiml  that 
tlii'in.  No  real  |>i'o^'ri'ss  will  he  iiiaile  till  We  have  the  |io|iiil,iiioii  is  lint  >n  mnrli  enlleetiil  inin  lai^e 
;,'iim'i|  tlie-e  l«ii  points  flee  aeee>s  tn  the  tea  ami  xilhejes  as  in  the  south.  I'llt  Tattereil  o\er  the 
silk  ili'-trii'ts  anil  tlin  eeiilril  ni.irls  tiiere,  ami  the  I'liinliy  in  firms  ami  liamlels,  im|iaiiiii){  tntlienthir- 
rii;lit  to  na\ii;ati'  the  Vaie^'-lse  kiaii;;,  aiel  to  enier  the     w  i.stt  unintere-tini;  Memry  that  air  nl  ilnliiesliet  I'liiloi  t 

u'leat    lilies  mi  its    hiiik-<  aiel  th nl'  its  tliluit. tries,   i  ami  eiv  ili/ ii  ion  wliieli  is  inoie  |>ai  I  n  iilai'ly    the  iharne- 

rlie  |io|illhitiii||  of  the  u'leat  |il.illi  lo  the  Vali^  tse-  ler.stii'  nl  I'm  l^iiiin  ami  the  low  rniinliies,  Kviiv- 
kiaii;:   IS   .somewhere  ahoi't    one   liniiilnil    millions,   or     wliere    iln      |>o|>iilalioii    an-    imlii  1 1  ii'ii.~l\    i  ii^a):i  il    in 

ahmit    till' iml   a  hall    liims   the   |io|iul.itinn    •>(   the     ai-i  null  iii.il     |iiiiMiits,    imt    an    iin  h    nl    ^n  iiml    .-miiim 

I'liiti'il  K  in^'iloiii.  ami  the  ii.i\  i:;atioii  of  I  he  V.iie^  (»..     nni  iilin.iii  .1  ,    not  u   n-niine    mi^hiieil    Im    iiii  n  i'-iii;{ 
kiaii;;    will    .ilfml     ii-.    the     iiieaii'<    of   r'Hiliollin;;    the  I  I  ho     leililily    of  llin    .soil,      'llie    whole    iii>iiti\     is    in 
( 'liine-e,  ami  ili't  il  iii^  to   them   ti  nn-,  n|'  fni'iii'ss  iiml  i  terseetiii     with     w.iter    i  niiiiiiiiiiii  al  mn.     ii.n>t     if    the 
justness  in  our  iiiti'i''"iii.^i'.     It  is  nt  ijie  lir^l  iiii|>m'l.iiii'(!  j  ehalineU  hi  iie.;  a  eoiiihiii.it  imi  nl    the  iialiiliil  iiml   alii- 
ihat    aeei-.-vs  to  ihi,  ili^lrii't    slioiihl  he  sei  iireil  to  us  ;    it      lieial.     ami    1  he    >alls     o|     junks     iile    mmIiIi'    alnxe    the 

a|i|ii'ars  to  I'l'  the    iiin-.|    im|iortalil    liiai'l    III   .\si,i:    half  .  Ie\el    nt     th nnliy.    thinir.li    wlmli    liny    sei  In    ilii- 

ilie  .Maiielii'^ier  .'iml  I.eeiN  iT'i'iils  that  ant  sent  tol'liina  '  jielleil  l>y  soniii  m\sli'iiniis  aini  Imlilrii  iiitlmine  In 
li.iM'  .ilieail;  fiiili'l  their  way  I  here.  Ii  a  line  nf  Kiiro-  s|>rilit,'  (ahoiit  I'l  !  l  haiy  i,  ;i  lliiik  hoai  liist  iom  n  il 
peiii  I'liiiinieree  Were  i|K'ni'i|,  si'a  ^'iiini{  sIhjih  woiihl  i  the  lieMi  in  iail\  I'loiiiiii^'.  .imi  a  ;;oimI  roal  tire  is 
leive  I  heir  iar;»'MS  at  Sh.iii'^'h.ii,  an. I  >le.iim'i's  wmilil  he  j  enjoMil  at   iii:;hi 

eiii|i|o\i'<|  nil  llie  ri\ir.  I '.  iiii|i.in'  I  lie  N  :iii;j  tM'  klali'j  I  Hail  v>.i\  ii|i  lie  Yung  Isi  kiaiii;.  al.^n  klmwn  l.y 
w  illi  the  Ml'^is-iiiiii.    I  111  re   are  iio  I  u   I  in  el's  so  lie  II  Iv      tile  11  ilin    of  I  he   I!!  in-   liiM  r.   it    iliti  i  s  the    |'in\  im  e    of 

alike       liiil    there  IS  tlii>  •liir'-ieiiei',  I  II  ii   \\  liile  iine  has     Sealil.ew  i  .m  at   aili~iaii T  ahmit  '.'I'd  mill .'- 1" 'I  liil  i  I 

a  1 1' i|  III  1. 1 1  ion  of  one  hum  I  re  I  miili ,  ,  in  li.iiiK>,    the      1 1  en.  a  I  llie  ill -i.ii I  m  :ii  U  .'ilHl  mih  slinlii  thi  m  a.  i.-a 

other  has  Hot  niole  thm  tin  i.rtwe.ve  iiiil.iii^  .Now  eoal  ili'.liiri.  .iiei  hiie  ..|-o  ^iie  the  laliioiih  Salt  W'l  iU 
when  "e  ennie  to  i-oii^iiler  the  iiiiim  mm'  nuiiiher  of  "I  )  Inili.ir.  win  le  ihi'  (  hiii'^e  ale  in  the  ililily  liiliit  o| 
steamers    ruiiliiii;;    nil    llie    .Mi^^i-v^iiijii     lo    viiiiplv    the     I'oi'ini;    iiile^iaii    well-',   whiili    imt     iaiel\    |ii.'-s    llunliph 

w.iiils   of  llio-M'    tell    iiiilli  HIS.    we  ran    form    smne    nh  i     '"il         The    j;as    rnnii    mii I    ihise    wells    is   iiseil    to 

of  the  eiioimnii.s  niniilier  nf  vesvls  ihei'e  must  he  "ii  <^  iporate  the  walei  .iinl  III. ike  Mill,  wliieli  il  eniitaitis 
the  \  ami  tse  kiaii;;  1.1  supply  the  wants  of  that  \a>l  in  llie  piopmi  ion  nl  nm  lill  h  I  n  up  the  li\rr  \nii 
|Hipii|.iiinn  nf  one  hiimliiil  million^,  or  more.  Tin'  w  ill  .see  oiln  ers  w  ho  roll.  >  i  the  .sill  iliiiie>.  It  is  the 
.\Ii^>i~.^ippi  ami  Us  Iriliiiti'i  lis  have  in  emistant  em  iln'miie  la\  nf  <  hin.i  im  in  mie  eals  ;-ait.  ninl  w  hen 
plnMiielii   iii'iie  tli.m  .1  thmisinil  steamhnat'-,  ami  maiiV     .Xoii  lav  s.ilt  ynii  tax  i  \ii\lioily. 

of  these   of  vs'iy  lar.'e    si/e  ;   ami    well'    tile    same   elass  The    Yam;  t«e  kl.llia    is    leyanhil    lis  the  lai^'i>l.   llie 

of  hti'MliK't'!!    iiitroiliieeil    on    the    Yam,;  tse  kiali'.'    lli.ii     ihepest.  ami  the  imi>t  ahuinlaiit  i  iver  in  the  wniM.       It 

— pasiu's  (list,  lis  we   iiHi'i'iiil    frnm   the   si  a,    tlin  ii^li    the 

'  A«  ,iu'Mlli-..  la  nn.i«,..tl„.|ir,t„rilir.. I  Imw,..  .■*„.„.•  il„.     I'|"vi«"''-    "I     K  ialis,'s..,i     ami    runs    past  Che!  iaiii:  ami 

nwoiiil;    /ii».  „f  111,'  tliiril;    all    tlii-M'  «n'  i„«ii,  liming  mill.     N''iiklii,    ihi'     .apit.il     o|     •* hiin     (  hina.     now    in 

^iri'iiiiil  tlii'iii.  ,  Jio~He.'<Nioii     o|     lie-     leliil.s        II      lluii      |ialllK)H     iipwalili* 


1^    i 


CHINA     COCHIN   CHINA,   nND  JA)  AN.  titf 

Jlirmj;!!  lilt- priiviiii'i' of  Aiiliiii  t'lr  twii  liiirnliiii  mill's,  wliirli  ii*  iit  thi*  unmi' tiini"  n  paatiinn  ami  n  sMurcc  of 
tlli'c>ii;{li  lui^i'  l"»iis  all'!  lir-.!.  rl  i>s  rili  v«,  until  till'  pnilil  ;  nlli'ii  iit't'T  u'llln'rirn;  ii  crcili  »(  Kiiiiii  iVuiii  lliti 
piiiviii  i-M  lit'   III!  |irli  aiiil    II  I  II  III  art'  n-ai'lu'il,  llio  oik,'    lake,  tliry  <m'I  dii-ii'  iirlH  iiinl  linm{  up  a  li.irvcitl  of  tisli 


III! 


•I'lli 


i|  till-   iillnT  nil    its  Kiiiitli   liaiik.      IliTi-     from  its   iIi'IiiIih,    fii-ili 


w.ili'iN  tiTiii  wiili  ciraiiirt"* 


flTiiw  till'  liiii'sl  li'an,  w 


lii<  li  li  ivi'  liillnrto  lii'i'ii   rarrii'ij     fit    for    tli( 


iHc    III    m  lu 


M 


IIIV 


liinU 


larlirula 


riv 


til  I 'anion  nil  iihii'sli  irks  ovi'r  till- in  miilaiiH,  iiislcail  of    swallow-iaml  |iii;i'iiiii    liiiill  tln'ir  in'^U  in  tlii-ti'  lloalinu 
li>'iii:{  |>la I  oil  lioar  I  our  HliijH.  wliii'li  iMii  Hikil  ii|i  lii'i'i-.     ihIi's.    ami    I'lilivrii    llii-    |H'a<'i'ful   ami    iimlii-    solilmii's 


if 


jii'iiiiill 


il.      II. 


ai'i 


likr 


II  irMW    nvir-i.   an 


oaiiili  iiilrrsi'rtiiii;  tin'  I'oiinlrv  on   a 


II  .^i.i 


I'M  ;    nml   |u-i 


I     I 

sl     ll 


owan 


ist 


II-  niiil< 


if  till'  Ilk 


I',  wii  I'lii-  MinliT 


ll 


IIIC  <il 


ii'M    islaml't,    on  iN  wav   to 


ttk. 


u|i  ll   fn-'li    |iii'<iliiiii. 


liriT  till'  \ :i\\\i  tM'  kiaii){  iiiiitrM  willi  the  rivi-r  11. III.  at  It  inovi'ij  viiv  nIowIv,  allli'>ii'.;li  lli'ii-  wits  a  Koml  ilr.il 
a  s|iol  alioiil  svliiili  all'  I'ninifiir.itiil  tin'  tliri'r  i,'ri' it  ofwimi,  iitil  I  ir;,'i'  -.aiU  ttin- alt  i 'li  i|  to  tin'  Iiohm'ii.  ax 
trilling  ritii'H  iif  I 'liina,  U'li  iliiinu'.  Ilaii  nan.  ami   II. in      wrll  a.-,   tollir 


'I'.-i  of  till'  i^lai 


tliii   inli.iliitanl.s. 


■ll 


r    Uoiitll  o|    ( '.iinini'l'i'i',     whlrli  llmi' (It  li's     iili'll,  U'lilinn    an 


ililr 


li'iit  (lirir    stn  iiL'lli    to  aiil 


l.iri'i'  oat's, 


liiit  (I 


I'Doil 


nil' saiil  to  I'ontain  ri'.4lil  niillioii^.if  |io|iiilat  ion.   Tliroii;;!!  its  pro^rri'ss  liv  workin. 

till'  jjii'at  |irovinri'  III    Mil  |ii'li   till'  river   tiows,  |ia>-.iin;  iliil  not  mi-i'iii  to  iiiatrri  illv  iiirri'isc  tin'  s|mi'iI  at  wliirh 

till'  (,'ri'al  rilirs  of  K  iir,'  rliai;   iiml  'rrliaiiu'.  witli   wali'r  tlii'V  iiiovi''!.      Howcvrr,  tlirst'  |>i'iiiliar  inariiiris  ilo  not 

ilrrji  I'tioin^h    for  IlOHtoiis   liiirllii'ii  ;  in  li'i'>i.  tlii-ri' an'  |irolialily  troiilili' tlirnisi'Ki'.siiimli  almiit  drlayH,  as  tin  v 


rijiiils.  tlioUL,'ll  till'    liottiMil    iri    I'orky.  until  we  rrarli     ar«   siirii    of  sli'r|iin}{  mi 


lami, 


at  wliati'Vrr    |ilari* 


tlii'\ 


lip  to  Kwi'i.  wliii'li  is  !lilii  mill's  from  till- .SI' I.    Wlirii  tin-     may  ;;ii       'I'li'-ir   iiii^'i'.itions  ar.>  oltcii    willniiit  iitiy  np 


Ktiow  nirlls  niHiii  till' 


Tl 


iMH'tiaii  nioiint  iiti.s, 


till 


ll'I'llt    lll'il  IM' 


l.iki'  till!  .Moii;;o|s  ill  tlii'ir  vast  piair 


full,     ami    till'    tallH   ran    lir    Ijoati'l    ovrr  ;    Init    tlnso    tIti'V   wamli  r  at  will;   lull   inoro   fortnnati'    llim    lln 


1' 


Ml  lolls  mav 


II 


111'  lii'uin   ll al  til 


latt.'i', 


tl 


ii'V   liavi 


instriirlril    for   tli 


iiiisi'lM'^  a    liitl 


if   till'    Vaii^  Isc  kiaiiu' ;   lull  aimM'  Kwri   tin'   rivrr   is    ^olitinli'in  llii'iniilslof  livili/atioii,  ami  iiniliiil 'niliarms 


<!.' 


ll  1.1 


ll 


as    till'    (    lllloii    livrr.    a 


ml    i< 


till 


it  a  ihiniailii'  lilr  to  t In' a>l v.inl  i''"  ot  hm  ili  iil.ii  v 


aliiMit' 


i\ialiiii{    rivrr,     wliiili    runs    tliroii^li    tin'    provinri'   of    'I'lnsi'  lloai  iiii;  is|.iiii|.i  ap'  to  !•''   foiiml   on  all  tlir  ^irai 


I'liniiaii,  ami  on  to 'I'liiiii'l  ami   I'liirniali,  u  Inii'  alii'nlv     l.ikrs  of  ( 'liiiia,  ami  at  tir>t 


Kii'jliili  I'lilrrprisi'  li.i 


pu.--liri|  a  tr.iili'  oM'r  tli.-  Iiurinr>i 
'«sions  on  till'    liriu.ilili 


si^lil  pi'i'si'iit  an  I'll'  naiii III 


|>irliii'i'   ol    li.ip|iim'ss    ami   ^aiily, 


iliilst 


ti'riiloiy  Iroiii  our  own   pii>si 

MO  tlial    Kn;;li.'-li    rnli'i'|ii  l>i'  is  {i|'i'|i.iii'i|  to  roin|H'li' u  il  li     ( ,'liinrsi',  so  -inijiiiar  in  a 


It      IN     llll|lll-> 


ilili'   Hot    to   ail.iiii'i'   till'    in^'riiioiK    imlnsliv  ot   tlii'si- 


II  t 


ii'ir  iiro 


till'  (' 


lirsr  train' 


III    liol 


I  ol    liir  iV.iiitii'ts       T.iki'  till'     voii  111  si'li'r  till' i-aiisi' .if  llii'ir  <'oii'>ti'm  lion 


iliiios.      Itiil  u  Inn 


thi'hi 


ilr.srriplioii  of  traM'lliiiL,' on   I  In'  Van;,' Isr  kiaii;^  on  t«o    ami    patii'in  r    iiri'i'usiiiy    fir   llnir   I'ri'alioii,    liy   pi'oj.li 
Imiiits,  «i'  Iiml  it  a.s  follows  ;    For  two  lioui'.'4  wi-  fojlnwiil     nii.ililu  to  tlml  a  roi'in'r  on  tin'  ~  .lul    I'.irtli  (iii  w  liirli  |o 

mil  ll''    inuliirii    ni<siiiiiii<  a 


I 

narrow  lortmnis   |)atliM,   now   wimliii]^  aiiioii^ 

ri'il  I'arlli,  wlii'i'r  rotimi  an 


■  f     I'sl  |llli:i||      thl'IIISl'Kl'S,      til 


I  imi 


\li'i  i;i'iiw  III  .1 


liiiml  I 


ilarki 


r  lint,  an 


I   till 


III 


rrluriiiii){  tlii'ouyli  valliys  nilwiru  viiil.inl  pl.int-    tr.iii'  tin-  fuliiii'  of  a   r 


It  oiirH  v.iinly  to  |h'iii 


iiilnn  T'lils    lli.il  till'  lainl 


alnnis  III  riri'. 
Pill''  III 


I'lii 


III  wi'   riiii'lil   .'^ii.'lii   of  till'    l.iki'  III     will  no  I'lii^i'r  Imlil  ii.  ami  wjii^'li  lias  .soui{lii  .i  rr^ti 


l.liii' 


siirl.i 


lullllv     Pltlli'l    liv 

I 


sli'.'lit  Inii'/i'.  ^.'liMiri'l  ill    till'   Mill    as   if  rou'ri'il   willi 
ililinnii'ialili'  iliaim>liils.      'I'lirrc  lioals    I  iv  n'.nlv  tor    us 


pl.K II    till'  Milt. I 


if  tl 


10    Wlltl'I'S 


at  till'  liink,  our  party  w 


ri'  soiiii  ini 


liaiki'.l  .    I.: 


ils 


n.i'  I 


nv 


'II,' 


IcsH  iiivriiiil^  "I  iiiluiliiiaiiU 


till'  r.liiti.il  !■'.  iip'r.'  r  ll''rliiii.'  on  llin     'iiinl 


»■ ini  iiIht.    iiiiTi'iiiii'  M'lir  I'V  Miir 


Illiliir  of  lialiilioo.    ami    folilril   liki'   ftns.    wni'    ipiirklv     mili  iVi^'liliul  r.  imlny,    is    iil  ii'nl  li'iii{i  iil  In  hiiihIit  lli.il  riim.i 


liojstril.  ami  wr   p 
ciriit.  ils  plaii 
towanls  noon 


.If      Tl 
ll    I. 


lixllM  tl.it  i-%|iiTirlii 


'  lii'tsi'  ft  t  IT  III '1.1 1  ill/  ^r  •iiri.'i'«  l'_\  ul.iili 


wiml    sliin''l  liiiii' 


I'arnri 


ii-i    r.iiHi 


a     I.I  i;'liilii'i  "i!     lakr 


Wi 


\iV>\  111 

r.i.-ri. 

lll'lllll' 


rri-*ti  tr  'Ui  ti  no  In  I  in.'  I  Iil*  r.ipnl  iiii-t'<-iiiM>  ..I'l....  fcriil.' 
f'l.'    |i.i|i  ll  ill  .11   III    Cliiii.i    li.i»   I I  III.'  •  ilijri't  III    ii.urli 


iirf  l':ilr 


I'la 


'  111  in'  Ii.ir4,  11  ll  I  ll  111 


.lll«     .1  C'.ll'lll^'   |.i 


II..'  (' 


ill.tti«tli*4    iiri'.    I|.-\"lt)irlr 


iiiili'riiil  lioals.  Ill   I'vi'rv   si/ 


I'.irrv  1114 


sl 


.1    I 


ii;'i'i's    ami    inrl'i'liamll^ 


ii'iini'r.iiis 


pa-ssi'i 

lisliin;,' Hinai'ks,    ilislin.'uwlii'il  liv  tlir   Mark    lifts   liiin^ 


I'll  ll  iiiiiiili.r  iiri' 


tl 


II'    mast, 
itii  tl 


Till 


II'    \arii.us    \i'.>.si'|s   p.isiiiii;   ami    ri' 


paHsiiiK,  Willi  tin'ir  vi'IIoa'  hiiils  ami   stri| 


ll   sir 


ll.i 


til 


T.i'.'iii' imlrtinitr  iniii  iiiiir   tl.i.itiii^   ariiuml,  tin-   .ii|U   ti 


w ill.  iiiri',  iii.il  ill  I- irli  |ir  11  .III'    ill '  Iii'.i.Im  i>i  1*1.11. iii'4  iiti*  r.'i|ii  ns 
|.i  iiiv-riU'  ilii'.r  ii.'.i'ii-i' ill  ii';:H'i'r«  lii'iit  l.r  ui    |.iir|ins«',  miililii 
•I  .111  I  |ialili>i.iil       till'  III. 111. Ill  III'  n'|{i« 
i.iiiiti'riiiiK  rltiiiM-4 
i.illiil     Iriiiii     tin- 
.ili'iil.ili'i||.i  III  til,' 
li.iii't.      III.'  I..I' 


^     lrili..ii  1..1H  v.irii'.l  nnii'li  rv.-.i  la  iiimli'rii  ti 


I'liitiii.;    Iiiiliv,.!  I  In     I' 


l|Hll«,  mill  lirlirr   I'l'iil'' 


llll.' 


iiiiU  liovi'i'inL'  ON 


laki'  ami  ili\  iii','  smlil.  iil\  .ifhr 


Cliii 

I   'IVIII 


ii'w  |i..|..ilal. 


I" 


iil.'.l 


IK  III  ll  ir. 


IkT  I 


llll. I  llllll 


.  t"  I.. 


.|  I  lily  ii.illi.  i.l.i',  1.  i.ii.'h  llll'  l.irp  »l 


I'p. 


tlnir  pny.   all    lliis   prrii'iiti'<l   a   most  I'li.iriiun^    ami    ,,,  | 

aliiinali'il     pirlnii'     to     tin'    iM'.       U  i-    jia.ssi'il    m'M'I'.iI     ll.ill.  r-l.'iti,  IllS.it  I,; 


lli.'naiiilli'.'  I.,  Is.l.ii.ri.oiiili    III  174:1  >i.i'..ii|ii, 


.llllll'    \r..i.il.    I.'iii'. 


17. >l 


III      17(il,      llt'lH.lllill/      t..      I   .itlit'l 

liiii;  III  I. ..Ill  M.iiiirliii  \, 


.atiii''  isl.iml 


III. 


nrioiis  iir.iilurlinns   of  I'liin. 


•r.liiii; 


imln>li'\ ,  w  l.ii  ll  no  nilirr 


til  I 


i.i\i'  tl 


I  :i,. nil  1,1  Km 
ill  llllll  \.  r.n<4 


111'  III  .^1   rrri'll 


.1.     Tlii'si'   l|...ilin;i  i^lamls  all' I'lioi'inoiis  rafts,  ni'iii'i'.illv 
■oiisli  iirlril  III  liaiiil s,  wlii.li  ri".i>t    tin-   ili.  iini|i.isiii^ 


III   It 


lll.ij.  I    llll'  M.llllrllll 

ii|i  i.i  :iii  I, I  It  10,1  II II I       \V.  llllll 


..'  .i.l*.ir.iiiili..ii    ii.'i'.'.*irv    t 


till 


111.  111. llll. I.   tiiiil 


.1'  I'i.li'  «  llll  t'.'rt llllll  V  J   liiil 


il.t  ii.t  il'.iilil  till' I'l.rrri  111!"'*  I 


.fllu 


lllll 


it   1 1 


.r  for  a  li 


rtitiiii.lli' 


is    lanl    a    loli'i'.ilili'    tliirk    In.l    of    \  i"..,'i'talili' 
tllHIlks    to    (111'    imliint     lalioiir    of 


rp  III  til.'   mil  {  l..i..rin  inr'i 


<l. 


Ill  till' 

l.|l)hl,t|..   il 


I'llll-    11      III     11 


mill' 


III.'  I"'!. lllll. 


I'.  ;ri-l.l' 

..HI 


III     llllll..   r.'iili'   liy  «li..'li  \..ii   Irnrr-i'  il.      ll',  I'.ir  r\i.ii|il 


ll.      ll  i<  I' lay 
nil  I,  III  iiinliiiif 


I 
aipmlii'   a.:ririilliiri^|i,  iIh'  .i-.toin^ 

a    Wlioll lollV   liMIIU    oil   llll'  sill  t'.lil'    of   till'    waliT,   ill 


fiiiiilii'i  „(•  I  ;•••"<>■.•  iT;»i"i'<-.  .»■"•"•'•> 


.|  III . 


til 


Ill- 


ill  till 

.111  Ih'    till    III 


.Ills 


In  li.'vi'  till- fiinilry  iniiili   I. -»  iminiliMiit  ili.iii  il    niilly    i«       tin 
iill.n^'i's  uri'  ti'w  llllll  t'iir  U'l  I' 


.  Ill' 


4li'    1 1...|«   N'l  ri)li»iil.'r.il.lu 


ttV   ll.illM'S,    WI 


pr. 

piniilat 

fani 


ill  till 


irir  ;{arilrlis,  as  wi 


II 


ili.il  y..ii  iiiiclil  III  Ii <  r.iii.y  y.i.irHi'll   in   Hi.  |.laii.a  nf  t.irnnr. 


til  Ills  ami      lllll    Inivir-'i'   tin 


Ions  III   I'virv 


Tl 


III     mil  l''lt;llltM 


if  III. 


ll»|M-(*( 


..nil. 


pr. 


Iiv  III. 


ll 


III*     Sl'l 


til 


III    to  I'lijoy   |M'ai-i'  ami  alinmlain 


llll  nu' 


I'llll-a   iiilllll.lllllj 


..I  ll' 


il.r  ll  rlllliu'i'l'       lllliii    y..ii  pii..! 


Ill  llll 
Iili'll 


1I..111  trti.ir  tliri' 


■  III  ...« ..t'  'nih:iliitiii.t«  J 


■'  li'i^iili'  tlliir   III  it  IS    not  iii'rui 


llll 


\liiUt    «.iii.li'r   I..1III4   llllll    );r.' .1    liil'itri'i   I'. II  . IV    nii'li   .illirr    in 


llllll     llll'    lii'liU,    liny     I'liililny    tin  iiL'^'lvi's   111     lisli; 


HUM.  illiiliti'iTlll 


Il.t  1 


II        ll   l»  .lilll.  .ill    ll 


ill. 


ill^'lliaft     lllllltltil.il' 


>l|. 


'IK'l'r    I. all. t. ill   II 


lu 


1  '• 


11 1 


I.;  r  I 


134 


ALI,   HOUND  THK   WORLD, 


S|iciikiii>;  of  Wiic'li:in)j,  tlio  Rnmc  I'lic  (if  i.iirciiiiHsiirii'H 
iiitMi'iiiiMl  ii>>  tliiit  ••  till- liv  1  r  :il  llii>  |il.n  !•  ii'miuMi.s  a 
Hrriit  uriii  111' I  111'  M'li.  MiiltiluiliMit  1  Inn  iiiini>  jii  iks  wm' 
lii'iviii);  iMpiilly  ilow  iM.r  >lnwl\  ii|illiis  "liiMit  liilil  i>l 
tlir  Srii.'  :is  t  lir  <  'liilii-i'  cill  il.  Tlii'  w  iliil  «:is  lliiH  ihij 
iVi'lii  (III-  sniilli.  uliii'li  \\:is  tiiMiiiiMlily  riHXiuli  I'm'  us, 
as  \\r  .■iilv  w.ititi'il  II  siili'  wind,  Iriit  it  "us  cxlrniu'ly 
viiili'iit,  :ilii|  as  till-  pii'va;.')'  ImmIs  \M'  IuiiimI  slailniii'l  at 
tin-  -IimH'  a|>|"  ai'i'il  iiiiH'li  |i"i  sliylit  I'm'  sicil'iiiy  wcalln'i' 
ill  tlii'si'  iiii|M  tiiiiiis  wali'i's,  ui'  lii'-ilatiil  ii  liiili'  liiliii'i' 
••iiiliuikiii,;  ill  iliiiii  Till'  ('NMiii|ili',  Ih'Wi'M'i-,  (if  many 
kIIkt  tiaM'llri's  wliii  iiiaili-  no  iliiVnnllv  liavin^  li'- 
asHiiriN)  lis.  wi>  cnti'i'i'il  a  luat  wliiili  .soon  rarrii'il  iis 
.•iwiiy  Willi  iiliiiost  icriilii'  ia|iiclity.  Wiii'ii  wi-  wn-c 
iifiir  till-  ii-flillr  ol  till'  ini  r,  ui'  inri  with  u  .vi|uall  tliat 
M'lit  our  I'oat  tu>  liiiD'li  oil  lici'  siiji'  that  Ikt  saiU  I'or  a 
Iiiollli'llt  loll,  111  il  till' walrf.  Al  lili^llli,  al'lir  a  pa-.-ayi' 
of  till!  (' ijiiaili'l^  •'!'  ail  Ih.iir,  «iaili\ri|,  witiioiit  an! 
ili'lll,  ill  till'  poll  o|  U'li.lialiL'.  wild'.'  Wi'  Will'  ili'talliril 
iiioi'i'  than  t  uo  horn's  o|h  niiii;  a  passa^r  lor  oui.siIms 
ilir>iui.'li  tin-  ).roilij;ious  ina^sol'  junks  in  llir  anrlmiaj;!'.'' 

t>t"  till'  roiiiitry  on  tin  rixii-  lianks,  he  .says-- 
'•  Aloii^'  thi'  Idini  Wi'  lint  i.'loil|is  of  littlr  t'liini'sr 
rhlMii'li,  Willi  lal  yt'  straw  hats,  hailllij,'  ;,'i'ats,  assi's,  or 
<'iioriii"iis  liiillaloi's.  to  'rt  il  on  thi-  jjriss  that  "I'luvs  in 
ill)'  iliti'hi'S  liy  till'  roaii  siilr.  Voli  ran  hrar  tin' 
|>nittlin^  ol'  the  litth'  creatures  (|tiit<'  Car  o|)',  anil  sec 
ihi'iii  ca|>'iiiii;  anil  juiiiliili>;.  Lar^c  ticcs  arc  on  the 
rmul  siile,  anil  not  seMoiii.  il  must  lie  saiil,  swariiis  of 
iiios<niit<«'^,  whose  stinjjs  reiiiler  .III  cM'iiin^',  alieaily 
t<H>  hot.   Iiy   III)  means   more  i(ii|iporlalili'. 

I\       INK  MAKITIMK  ClTIKS  oK  CIMNA. 

II  WIM.  lew  acioiiipli-licil  our  otijci  I,  in  ;,'iviii;;  llic 
rt-aili  r  xiiiic  insi;:ht  into  tin'  iiisiile  life  ol'l'liina-  lli.it 
Is,  till'  jiortloii  ol  llii  coiiiili\  not  iliiliiciliali  ly  on  the 
veil  liiNinl — Wi'  will  proceeil  on  nur  \o\a;;e. 

The  »i\  main  liu.~y  pro\  iiico  which  are  aliiio.st 
nations— liii'twn  <>ul  of  the  ci'.'litecn  v.i^t  i|i\i>ionsof 
wlijcli  China  IS  conslitiilc.l.  are  K«an  twali;;.  or  'The 
hLi-t  Plain.  ■  Willi  Jtl.iliin.iMHi  ,,f  |Nipiihilioii  ;    l-'iih  Kicii, 


Iniilini;  Junks  at  anchor  in  n  rork-lKuinfl  hay,  liiililcn 
liy  three  pyiainiilal  hills;  thai  is  Swatiiw,  w  licri) 
llieie  is  a  };rcat  traile  in  sii^^iir.  Iiron^ht  over  trinu 
l''o||iio.sa  to  lie  leliiicil.  .'iiiil  alierwaiils  exporteil  to 
v.'irious  ports  of  ('liina.  .As  tin  l'iei|iicnt  piracy  perilleij 
llie.se  \alualilc  car<.'oes,  il  hecaliie  ci.sliiliiaiy  tiir  the 
( 'liinese  iiicrcliaiits  to  hire  forei^'ii  \c.s.si'|)i.  ami  hence, 
ill  spite  of  the  ChincM  aiillmritii  s,  a  very  I'.Mciisivi) 
liinle  has  spiiiiii,' up.  ^w,ltow  is  also  the  i  eiitre  of  a 
Colic  einieration  or  exporiatinii  to  llavaiina  ami 
Callao,  iilnl  tlicie  ale  talis  tolil  here  that  woiilil  ni.'iku 
a  slave  capt.iin  shinliler.  The  men  iit  Swatow  me  fine 
stiirilv  fellows,  most  of  llieiii  in  liirlaiis  of  iLnk  Miie 
n.'ilikeeli,  anil  the  Wolin  n  Wear  piitureM|mt  llrcs.-es,  all 
of  the  jiiiyest  I'lilmiis.  The  Inail  ilresses  of  the  yiiuiij{ 
airls  are  \ciy  pretty-  their  hair  plaited  in  a  loiij;  tail, 
which  is  Wound  round  and  r<  iind  the  Inud.  terminating 
in  II  l.ivsci  III  liiinl.  .\  round  Mack  silk  or  mImI  lianil 
encircles  the  iippir  part  of  the  forehead,  and  Ii.ih 
>;i  inially  a  yaiidy  Jewel  in  front  ;  a  tine  Mower  Jauntily 
placed  oil  one  side  ol  the  head  coinplctes  her  head 
dress.  Oilier^  ha\e  the  hair  curiously  woiked  up  into 
^liape.  I  lalnl-oiiie  oiild  oi  ii.'iiiieiils  and  tloweis  taste, 
fully  jilaccil  give  the  he.id  of  a  pretty  jjirl  a  line 
a  PI  earn  nee,  We  win!  to  see  a  |ilay  lieie,  and  arrived 
Just  a-,  the  driiliis  lull. id  and  the  cymlials  cla.shed  fo' 
.1  fn;htinj;  -cene,  as  tiny  always  do,  to  jjive  ell'ei't  t 
the  lijows.  The  dresses  were  capital,  and  th<'  wardrolf. 
extensive.  The  iiei'oincs  Were  jilayed  hy  men  ;  one  in 
particular  acted  remarkalily  well,  and  the  studied 
.ittiliides,  even  t"  the  jiosilion  of  the  filip'i's.  Were 
.idiniralile  In  oiie  furious  scene,  where  tlie  Ijeriiino 
li.id  liceii  goiiij;  tliioiiyh  a  leirilic  piece  of  tierce  decla- 
iiiatiiili.  ill  a  liii;h  lalselto,  she  thiiw  In  ixlf  (or  rather 
liiiii>ell  ),  ill  the  hci4:lit  of  iiijiiicd  iiiiioi'i'iice,  into  a 
chair,  and  liiiliiii{  In  r  face  fiiuii  ihe  spectators,  .  .  'ii 
the  dcipcst  j.ricr,  i|iiiclly  expelli  d  her  i|iiid,  in\  i-ilily 
lolhciu.  Inil  III  in;;ili;,'  I  he  Hlll'lime  liiilch  too  Inai  the 
ridiculous  for  lis  who  were  at  the  .'idcsielns  'I  here 
is  no  use  alliliipliiL'  to  desi  ril  e  a  (liinese  plav 
(Ira  ml  dresses,  man  In  >. )  ncess  ons.  ki  w  low  inj;.  fiLlilili'^ 
iimlilcd  II 


ami  ipiarri 


are  jiim 


.pi 


llilc 


lIllSIOII. 


The  C.'iistinimalion  of  Mappines--."  with  l.'i.iiiiii.iiiili  ;     '|'|„.    a>  lor.s,    m    the   iiliiiiic    of  ]\ti\  hill.s.   i IK    walk 


Cheli  kiaiit;.   "  The   Coiini'i'v   of  il 


U 


diiiLT    KiM'i'  '     forward    and  |iioi  laim    who  ihi  \  mc,  Miiiitimes  e\cn 


I  VanU'lM- kiam.;i,    with    :.'ii.iiii<l.iMMi  ;     K  1,1111:  hi.    'The     holdup    a  pl.icaid  w  ith    the   title  en  ii.   make  n  >  dillj. 
Coiiiilry  of  the  Happy  li'iur  '  (ilie  ^■c|  ..«    I!i\cr,»illi     ciillv 


i.'<.lililMiiiii  ;    Sliaiii.'  I. in;,'. 


I'iilsl     of     11 


1: 
.Ml 


\cr  ,  »  illi 
iiiil.iiii>." 


nil    iii>taliei 


lol'-e  liciiijr  oil    till'  sl.'i;;e, 


lihllil      II 
ilnl  tl 


hi 
I    hi 


Willi  L".<  IM''>.lllili ;  and  I'echeli,  "Tin'  Siipieiiic  l'|.  n  ime,"  a  nixed  a  I  such  II  phiee,  "  iMi  si  ol  1 1  1  ir  pl;i_\  s  leliile  ti, 
with  1"J  iilHi.lllHI  II  1,  too|ieii  up  ,1  .peii.d  Hade  with  oldl  lillicse  I  lines,  their  (osliiniis  lieiiiM.dniosI  ilivarialily 
ihce  pi.'Vilice.'i  that  wve  ileniniid  a  ii^lil  of  li.idiii;  >ii(  |i  as  wile  used  pliMoiis  to  the  Tanai  ili<aslon. 
with  the  |»irls  of  ('anion.  .\iii.,\j  Niin;|io  Sliaiiuhai.  1  Their  traMllin;:  appaialiis  i-  well  iiirMi;;id.  In  iiii{ 
and  Chii^.iii  were  o|Mind  hy  the  |M:it\   o|   .Vaiikin.  and  '  packed    in    i;ainlily     pninlcd    Imxes,    which    foim    ■miiIs 


llio.se  ol 


f  N 


ew  dial 


Tl 


I'. 


Ill      tin-    island  i  la'hilnl   the  sIiilc,  and  ale. 


Well  lievc    a 


Iso  IIiIkI  lip  for 


of  Korliios;ii,  Cliaii  choii  osiwalow  1.  .11.1 
iIm-    i-le  of    llalliall.    al     tin-    ixlrclnc 


I   Ki 


I'lioii    lor  '  cooking,    anollnrasa  dti  smuu'  sland.   for  washing  anil 


'iiil    ol    I'lii^ial,     painling    their    faces;    souh 


I     llicii     laces    ale    most 


li^  tin- iii'aty  ol   Tien  Niii.      To   in-|'cct    ^iine  <>f  these     curiously    painted    to   nprisii;!  ih  nmiis.  or  more  often 


|i»H^» 


lid  to  Krt  nil  insight   into  Cliiii<"-e  life  aiiti  ImliilH     tcirihlc   cicatiin 


!•• 


roiii   here   II 


«iimoa.    a    lilerarv 


!■•  Tie- ol'jis'l  of  our  pri'.H<'lil   run  aloli),'  the  -hore  iipHiirilH  {  island    and     a    colli'oi,|t,.     city;      which     is      liuiioii..    liir 
I'roiiiiloiig  koiigl"  iheliultol  I'e  el 


Chi 


nese  nature, 


lull'    elsu 


I  hi 


111    its  dell  of  oiiiiim    siiioki  I"    and 


KM  \iai  pis«  a|oie_'  the  coii-t    presents  .1  clneile.s-.  and  in      i|ealer.s,    w 


ho,    al    the    In 


if   1 1 


haircn 


hill 


.p 


s  on   tho 


11.1I.I.' 


a.'>|M'ct .  iM'casionalh>vouM'e  a  li"iiii 


rxilli 


I^'IUnI    <  sea 


shi 


III 


i'>l;:lili-.|icd    a    lr:fdinu'    station 


Till 


.il»ne  the  slerilitv  and  l.iir>'r'niii-?«ol  I  he  liiiu'e  liiolin-      i^l.ilnl    liav,    near    the    iil\,    swarnis     wit 


I1MII  o|  \).||.m  salnl  aliil '••li't  I'ealeii  r»«-kf  .  then  a  li:illerv      w  I10.-C  Indilsl  1  ioii>  owners,  11 


liiinl 


Very  like    I  sand  hi^p    lln-ii   .1  pa^iHin.  I  lien 


v  class,  work  Mil.'  nil 


ke.l, 


i\ov  of     make  Us    wonder  wli\   I  liiiia  w.iiits  a   iiav\,  and    l>v  110 


niealis  leel  asloiii>lii 


d 


lal   with  '^lll■ll  .1  go\  I  rniiicii 


t  si 


l-^.VtT  lllf.  Wlt"l* 

mid  Hi'-  ..^iMi'iu*'  «il 
I'vcr  \br  irulb. 


11. 1'   «*i.i.  mill  t 

Mlllllll 


1  iiii'iili«  ol  nillimntl'llri' 


has  siicli  a  lillHlc 


111   ml  her   anil 


Icr  tin 


A I 


popul 


ition  on  her  ~lioii 


iiov  liiirieii  n 


ami  sliarp  lilow  iiiv,'  sani 


in 

l''roni  licie  to 
I  .Ilnl  iiothiMir 


>|-(h  I'lokilig  at    lull   the   Chapcl   Isl.ilid,  w  hicli  'I 


ic  sa« 


la  ] 


CHINA,  COCHIN  OHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 

liiiHtiinncllciUliniiii»li.     Tlic  fii-st  tiling  thai  striki-s  you  |  lii-t   wi-   riMch   llir  I'iiundu  in 


las 


!»s  you    tiiuil  at   Aimiy,   |ia-<Minj,'  ii|i 


it    l(Miks  lili 


li>.-'|i  bay,  lint.  iM  .inly  thkIc  l.y  aiiotlirr  i>laiii|,  Kiiluiix«<".     plaiitaliMiiH.   iicir   I 


K'liolM:;    .  wliiTc  till' njiliiui 
lyiiii;,  aii<l    row    |ia>t    iKi    low   IuikI     pailily 


It  Ih'lil    >|iori',    til 


llw 


IH     till!      S|l  it       will' 

th<!  Wat  el' 


-till'  oil 


till'     Kiiijli^li    llri'l   "  liji'w  out    of    iiniiiiiiK  lily    "I'  jiiiikt,  umlrr   tln'   lir.tiitil'ul   liri>li;r   of 
(li-i't    tliat  I'VfV  ilarril  to     I'IMI  iiirlir-*,  linlil  wi'  ir  irli   imr    limlini;  lilair,  in-iir  tin' 


Iv  (Ml 


lllli    r 


till 


Til. 


town     itSl 


If     jiioks    like    a     wooiliii      \' inruy's  |Kila<i',  wlli'ri-  li'lijlis  a  .■.i|iiilrliiMl  >lilliH' 


Waimiii"     ami    lias    two    loiin    stirrts   of   oiirii    kIi.pik,  Cp  tliri'ii','li  iaiii'H  ili^iii  il   in  tlif  laiiliTii's  ■.jiailr      ii|> 

I  '      "'  ...      .       I     .      1  •  .  .11        1-. I       1   I      . .         1    :..      1   

— .craiiKy  coiuti' 


IH.  full  of  iiL'lv  lookiiii,' liu'it  (voii  lliii 


of  caiiiii 


III! 


IiiIh 


I    .lo„'rali 


illv,     laH'^'i'il,    sliiiir  I   liri 
l.rf 


I    sti 


iwii    III    ili'i'iM'r 


•I" 


II  vou  SIM'  siirli    ioint-.l,      airlii-i  thaii  liiliui',  only  lo  yo  u|i  nlimi'  >t    |iH,  oln-  aliu\ 


i|  l)ival  that  lo.iks  liki'  lioiwy  soii|i.       'I'lii'  stints 


itlii'l',  all  iliiliirli'M'    lii'ii'lit,  mill    tlirli    ilitn    a    limi-i' 


liiri'ow,   ail 


III 


I   till'   |i.'i|ii'tii  il  ■•  .\li  lio"   of  till' lalaiikriii     hIiiTi'  I'liijlisli   fans  wili'oiiii'   lis.      Koo  I'linw  is  a  wmi 


Ts  railsi'S  fii'sli  1 t'llsioii  cviTV  ill-tilil       ••! 


I'i'liil 


ai  r,  ami  lias   a  ii  ilam  i' 


till'  Kiii'lisli  li\i'  in  u'lol   lioiisi's.      Till'  tiailc  IS  iiiu-lly     of  a  uiilliini  ami  a  lia 


iM 


f  trail.'  to  tl 

ll     sll 


tiias  anil   silks,   but    .\ii|oV  is  not  so  will  siliial 


vi'i'   aiiaiiist  u- 
ll  iis     We  ol'ili'l'i'il    iliairs    iii'Xt   liinriiiin.',  ami    srl    mil    to   m'i 


ijvrrv  oiii"  wii   iiH't  W's  siiiiihiiiiL;  a 


its  rival,  Sliani;liai 

iii|«!,  not  of  o|iiuiii.  but  ofnoiil  lioiH'st  toba 


Wo 

to    tl 


not 
11"   roi'Uv   iiioi 


to  Ir 
lib  of  tlii>   .Mi 


.\ll 


ll  f. 


I 


mr 


lliii    rity. 
Iiiiiiiiii    till' 
liiako  wav. 


Till'    sliri'ls    ari'    ii.iii'uw,    ami    ymi    uo    in 
lioii  in^    all    till'    wliilr    l<i 
llirll   is  IWlhi' 


your    iii'.ifi-rs  si 

ihiT  till'  biiili'i'  wr  Mint,  w 


Koo  I'l.ow,  tl 
illii 


fi'ft   wiili'  ami  about   tui'Ur  tlioiisimil  fi'rl    in  li'ii);lli 
I  port  of  Kuli  kii'ii,  wlii.'li  wlls  us  tifi  .      TIm'  briil;;!'  fatli  is  iinriownl  by  stalls  to  riiilil  fiM't.  ainl 


nvi'i'  on  oiir  wav 


liiillioiis    111    |iiMiii'ls    \vi'ii,'lil,    ol    ti'a,    ami    laki's    mily 


lilts     IS     ll'oWl 


Iril.      Twiri!   wi!    wi'ir    liflril 


li.'lil 


lOll.lMMI/.  of  iiiir  "o  1  Is,  bi'sili'S  soiitt!  million  ami   a  liaif    oulsiili'  tin'  biiili;,',  ovrr  tin-  |iara|«'t.  wliilr  a  Mamlarin, 


of  bullion  awav  Irniii  us;   for,   as 


lor 


liii.   till'  ( 


will 


liavt!   iiotliini;    of   il, 
••onoi'rni'il.' 

Tlit-y  say  that   Kon 
jilaoi'  for  ti'as,  wliirli  .in!   ll 


far    as    silver    an 


I    u<'l<l 


I   a    ^'laml 
ml    sti'iiin;  as 


ll   bv.      Till'  brill 


lil'     IS    ol 


111, 


I'Iriliril   I'ork.  anil   ni.nli-   of  itiinifiisi! 


stolirs. 


II. 


I I 


ivi'tvrt  lii'ii'  an  usual,  iw 


!•• 


Iiii.    1^    not    a    ;'  • 
.'li    to    IS    in  iiiii 


iiisv  a.s  lici's  111  a  liisr 


t|iairil  with  Kiili  ihilii.a  [ilai'i'at  soim'  slimt  ili-.talii'i'         •'   \\  Inn  ll 


•\    Kl'l'   IMII  I'lH'illl-,  ',|H'll 


but  it 


ilv 


lii'i'ii    till'    urra 


if  till-   two,  .'in<l    till-   (.'liinrsi'    mil 


ti'.-t    traJiiii 

■  t      know      blst 


I  till'  rxirnsr,  llli'  I'liilii'^ 


ll'lM'll  iilfiis  tti  Hit  tin 


i|il 


I  li'iiira  ill  ».ilkinL'l'"r  llii>  mi'ru 
k  If  it  is  It'll   llhiir  i'>r|il.iriiiillilil 
I'llv.t  1  muni,,',  mill  ilrink  li'.i,  u  liiii 


NVc  wi'n 

till'  rivi'f,  for  we  hail  still  '.'."i  utiles  to 


\<>il  huvi'  li< 


l|i.'ll:i|  lo  v-i't   into    :i  lioal   .it   till'  lii'iiilli  ol      j'li,,  1,1 


itiiill'.'  I'Ui'  III  ilii,    u|'.  Hiill    Ik'IIi'I'.  I'l  u'o  I'l  Ix'il    >l 


III'   llirrtilic   til   M'l'l 


ll    III. 


ll  r  I'lirl    iif  till'  iii/lil    ill 


l|l    to    till'    i'll\. 


;iiiiitiM'iiii'iit4   anil   uiiii'lN    I 


t; 


Itini'si!    lio.itii 


IS     vi'rv    iilcas.iiit 


Th 

Konil 

with  till'  sails,  if  the  wiml  blows  f.iir,  ami  ten  oarNnn'ii. 


ll 


lii.i 


lint-  uiii'iliv 


la  stvlu  of  craft,  tliinv    ti'it    loii'.;    I'V    six    liroa.l,     I 


I-  mil    Ml    |iii'»,  nil  .1   Its.  II    t'l  llii'iii. 

.I'.lm.,    Ik  r.ilr  III.  V    lilt    n|«ill  11  W.IV  I.I 

'.Ml 


I'liluic'in;;   lln- iliiy  till   iii:'liiiL-lil.  nii.l   lln'  ii  ^'lit    till  ii" 


till'  I'll 
it  suni-i'ii' 


inrs,',  I'M' 


n  III'  till-  liiu'liiT  .'la 


I  111  Inil  in  tl 


^rw  1 1'ar  14  liiiv,  mil 


inr  til  ;;it  ii|i 


iilnrtain  I'amilv  ti'stivaU  I'tr.  |il.  .1. 


if  that  fails  ;   rarryini;  out   the   I'oiitrary  as  iisuiil,  tliry     1 1„  tlnv  .l:i\«  ila'v  .1 t   alimv  tin  m-i  l\i>.  a  iii..iiiiiit'«  nji. 

liilslt,  inst.'ail  of  |Mtll,  till'  oar,  t.itlii'   ai'rolii|ialiiiiii'lit  of     In  n.ianil,  lli.y  IhIIhh  tin' I'laiiw  nf  tla-  lir  .mhIj  Unlii  «  in  llnir 


that   sttij'itl.irlv    Mill 


in iiius    .'halit.       It    was   a    lonu'     aiMiiU'imat" 


r  ila\  mill   uiu'lit.     At   til.' 


tliii'l 


I  III  lilt 


ill  tnll. 


us  |iiill,  fir  till'  lib'   was   a;,'aiiist    us.  an 


I    till'     ^■''''.■"'   '■'.'"." 


I    !■ 


nri>)it'  till 


till'   nii".t   III 


ll    iiiiiinlliimii.,  till 


nielli  ha.l  fill.ii,  aiil 


.1  .iiiK 


till'  il.i 


top; 


if  till'  iiioiint.iii 


iml 


isiotial  villa'.;.' 


-'hi. 


ps     , 
.1 


if  I'liiia  I'liji'V  till'   imi'-t   |ini|iiiinil  li':iii<| 


iiUiM 


y.' 


Iii'ar  till!  Ill  ilsi-  j»iiryliiii;    of  tlir    iiiurky    w:iiii 
liilc  nisheil  by  our   frail,  giiiicracky   liabitalin 


las    ri'Iniii.'.l  niit'i  lii«  laiiiilj  ;   all  tin' sliii|i>  an' i  lix'.l .  ll»' IhhiI 
111. 11,  till'  niiiiiiiti'1'anl..tlii'  |iiililir  nailiT,  Inn.'  tiiii-la.l  lli.ir  »iltiii'.'«. 


'    Till-    us.'    .if    lull; 


lias    liii'iiiiii 


iTiivi'is.al    tlirniiirliDiit    tlir     iiiiTu'i'l* 


ami  iiiitliliii.'   liKi'  liiiMiii'»i>  is  III  l«' Mi'ti,  I'MTpt,  [hi  liaps,  in  ii  ti'« 
\t      tlnatt'i's,    wliit'li  ili')ii-liil  iniistlv  .III    tin- wmkii  ::  I'lasn, ,..  u  Im   li.oi 
1  Hilly  till    iii^lil  ai  tliiir  ili'<|Ki-al,  in  » liirli  tin  y  i  nj<<y  tin'  tavmn  in 
aniii<..-ni.-iit   .it'siitii:  a  pliV. 

*    .ViilliiiiU  stiik.s  111,'  «traii|;.'i''H  tiiiml  Iii.ni'  fiiriil'l>  tliantii 


iirvi-r  tirii'L;   i 


niln-tr\  i>f  tlir  Cliin 


•Ml 


I'lnpir.' ;  ni.'ii,  won 


H'li,  I'liililri'ii,  i'\   rvlHMlv  Hinnkrs  alinuiit  witlmiit      lianl    at 


I'l'HHlllK 

riili- 


riii'v  I 


alfiiit  tlii'ir  ilailv  liiisini' 


iiliivati'  III.'  li.l.U. 


iiN  1.1 


nrk      .'X.-n    tin-  U'jL'irs  |h  r^pi 


illi    till 


II'  nil   h.iri.-ii.i.'k,   anil   wrilr,  r  ms' 


itaiill 


y  Willi   till'   |iipi'  in  tliiir      |,|a 


-ll.      Ka.li   iniifi— I 


it«rlr,  III. I  I'urv 


ari'  liiiKV  at  \Mirk  ;   inain  "f  I 


I,'  iiiu'ra;i\rit 


mail  111  In* 
111. 


1  nut  raiM'  111!  II 


lii.iiiliis.      Iliii'iii^  thi'ir  nii'als,   If  tliry  Kiup  fur  a  imiin.'nt,  il  is  In     Jiim.U  In  mi'  llir  iliair  nl   lln'    "  Wi'slriii  |li\il."     Ilu  tlii'  iilIi 


Iiiki' a  |ii)ii' ;  anil  if  tlicy    waki'  ill  ill.'    niu'lil,   lli.'v  mi' siiri'  In     tin.  klv-M'ltlr.l  ■.Ir.il,  mniinu'  lln'  ini  rliaiii's  a 


III   !■ 


miinsi'  llii-ni>i-lvi's  m 


sjinii'  w.iv. 


tlu'ri'lor.',  tliat    in  a  i'iiunlr\  .-.intainiii 


It  may  I"' ia»ily  »ii|i|ii.».  .1,      .\<\v  Vurk.  an.l  .■viiyttiinj;  yiai 


till 


liniiilnil 


'll-  I't        i-M-i'll 


Ml 


I'll: 


I'lllv    « 


.III 


siiiiikrrs.  w  iili.iiit  .-iHinti 


III.'  trili.'s  nf  'larlar 
k.'ts.  III  ' 


I.I   TliiU'l,  »li< 


ll' 
iiii|il.r   nti'ii^il' 


I Ill 

will  liiiil  Ih'Iiii; 
ml   in   a  -lnvirr 


ini'si'   inar 


1 iitnn 


lay  in  tlnir  Kl'H'ks  in  tlii>  I'll 
ia.s  Ihs'ihiii'  vi'ry  iiii|Hirtanl        .Any  iin>'  may  L'f"«  it        lln 


I  if  I. 'Ill 


lalili.l,    lint    Hilll    tir.iti'i    pii  ti  .'linn.       I  la'   I'hiins      liaii'   liltli' 


111    Irani    t'riitn    ns 


I 

tax.     'fill'  fiviiiiriu'  liilii 


i-aiiriit    |Hiiiil    111    a 


p|-.:rliral    .Il- 


ls llial  iif  l.i'i.i  I'liii 


Maiiii 


mill  in  till'  priivinci'  nf  I'm'  rliiniii.     'I'ln'  Iimm'h  ,iii>  varii.iisly  |iii'-     «mit«,  m 


that    r\|ii  I'i'i lias   iii'l    iilri'ii.ly    laiii:lil    llii'in.      Tlnir  .lri'-»   iit 

till'   iii"«l   c 'iiif  .rliililr  ami   .lii'aiH'sl  ;    tlirir   Imats    suit    all  lli.ir 


nl  .'Mill 


t  ailanl.'.l   fur  im  nwii    u.ilns 


pari'il, 


'.lititf   to  till'    liH'alily  :    ill   till'  s'liilli    tlii'y   rill    tlii'in  :  lia.l    ttalir  ti;,'iit     |iai'tiliiin»     I'ur 


"U'l  ' 


II 


irv     ni: 


tlli'.v    111 
lll.isl      U'lill- 


.'«tr.  III.  ly  till.' 1  ill  till' iiiirtli   tlii'j  rnlillniii    i|.  ..larsily.  anil  jiiit     tifiil  '.ilks  willi   lliii  »ini|il' nl    |Km«ilili'   l.miii ;    tliiir  liiiil»  air   li -s 
llh'in  ill  llii'ir  |'I|H'H.    SinilV  tak.'i's  at.' I.'vs  iiiinii 
I'll.'   .Mmitrliii  r.irtars 


iiT'iiH  11. an  1.11111 


iri',   I 


iiivvi'ViT,  j:irat  in  ii-iiii;   tiiin 


nixl  l\    ill  ll    nnifr 
ir.ill    til. in  iiilr-. 


fur  tin-  nnsf,"  as  tin'  C"liini'<r  .-all  it.     Tin'  CM 
ill  liiKrs,  Imt  in  |ililalii. 


iiirsi'  raiTV  snnti,  mit      is  in, 
In    III 


II  iilili'll; 
I.  ir   uiiti'l-  ll 


nly    111. 
I'ir  iH-ll'm-.  i:i\i--, 
;  III'  I'Mimlni'il  U 
III 


la-ir   n.ov    ri  ijiiiri' 


f.ir  I, 


riii'C 

sliii 


ivi'  nil  Hilvrr  iir  p 


ilil  ' 


i.f  III. 


ills  f. 


r  L'Viinliiiu' 


tl.i 


-.aiit    .lial't   .il    air.  an. I 
V  \x  '111  a  I'i-I'iit  w.irki  .1  in  il. 


Sil 


nf    variiMiH 


VlT       l'X|"  ll«.'    Ill 


ally    alxinl    liily    la. 'Is  illi/.     i  aili   jiivnt   nr    axli' 


I   ki-i'pini;   till'  iiiai-lii 
I  ).. 


II  IT   III   nil  trmi 

lull' 


I'll' 


III. TV    ill  ..r.li  r  » lull'  nt   W'H 


a  Kinail   li.i 


mil 


pi|'i 


riiti-iantU 


Mipi 


worlli),  mill  ;.'iil.|iii  liirs  up  Iral  arr  iis.'.l  h  Inr.'  Iiiri'it'ii  in.nii'y  is     .liupiiinn  .'f  wiitrr,  uliirli  prrM  tits  all  liriliiiif  li"ni  fri.li.m       In 


nut  riirri'iit.    flii'  li.uiki'r  puts  liis  Klanip  ii|i.iii 

is  tliiTi'liy  •;iiar.iiiti'i''l.      .Any  ImiipiTint'  « il  li   ili.'  <| 


Im  ( 


aniun   Iuii'Il;!! 


iliil 


11'  iiri^llla 


urs    ai'i-  SI   mar 
I  I'liari.-I.r.il  Hi. 


kill   liv   tin 


iiii'i  til.'  Mi'iii'ir 


11. liny  i-,  rar.' 
cnaralit.  .-ill: 
"I'l'tiraii.l, 


|i|-<i|i<-lliiiU  tlii'ir  liu.iNtlii.  piiMi-rlnl  m-iill  ailnuli  uf  m  rlnl.l  il-iiiii; 


as   niiti'li    Hiir 


rk 


.1   in  III    uilli   ii<.      If    till'    l\ 


kills 


tin 


nil.    Ill 


linn:  .'nU  "ii  a  -iii.ill 


•UinpH,  tliat  ll 

■ml  ill  till'  imrlli,  mIhti'  I'aiulin  ilullars,  iin>tain|'i-il.  aii-  pn--  ti.  l'im-  .-M  r  i  pii-s«ii'i 
frrivil,  il  nm-il  to  U>  tlii>  ciistuin  to  murk  llniii  with  tin-  luiik.r.<.  I.mi  .>itli  li.ill'  tlir  i-i. 
•ml  ill  iuk. 


'I'lianii's  liai-L'i'ii  wiTi'  litlnlwllli  a  l-m^,  licnt,  wi-ll  lialnn.T.1  CliinrAi* 


II   ii'i'ii  liivi'l,  anil  H  ill 


I 

nil'   man  W"ii 


III    ill.   tin 


I  :i  r.i|H 


"ll   Ih 


-.1 


rk  uf  at    li-a.t 


lln'  rliin  -I-  •vnIiiii   nf  ak-rii'iilliir  ' 
I  t'oiiiliiiiiii  all  lliul  »v  liuvu  iiiily  jual  rvui'li.il  l>y  a  king  cuurgu  of 


I 

i 


186 


ALL  BOUND  ThM    WORLB 


Till?  |>awnliniknrM  Jtn*  iiio«t  HyHtciimlii-  in  tlicir  tlnil 
ilia's,  mill  Hi|iiiTn'  tlii'ir  riflniiK  r^  with   lli>'  .ivitricinUH 
ln'r^i'VcniiK  I'  III'   .li'»s,  wliilr  till'  jiru.ilr  liiinkiiit;  I'sl.i 

Iilisllllli'llt4     ail-    riillillK'li'il    nil    ihi-    Kui'ii|irllll   |il'lll<'l|ilr 

'\llliiiii|{li  I'lhilii  !i  nil'  |iai.iliii{  I"  Hill  tViiiii  till'  liiinki 
with  i'a.s|i,  lliii  iiirniirv  iiin^t  iii  nsr  liir  •»iii.ill  aiiinmil-. 
JM  |iii|i('r,  Hli^'liril  mill  riiiiiit<'l'si;;iiril  witll  I'cliial'kalili' 
|i<  ili'i'tiiin  mill  iiiyi'iiiiilv.' 

Tin-  wniiii'li  111'  Kiiii  rliiiw  iiri'  liV  III!  Illfillis  usliiililiil  nf 
Ill-ill),' Hccii.  Tlicy  liiivr  liiii'  siiiiily  lijjiiri's,  ilio.t  llnir 
li.iir  |iirttily,  anil  lri\r  a   Iliii'   Jiiallliy  liliniiii   mi   llirir 

il k.i.      'I'liiiy  iln  must  iif  tlir  .ariyiii);  work,  iiml   ate 

ii'iiiarkalily  m-at  ami  cli'iiii  'I'liry  wear  litlli-  wliilr 
aimiiis,  till-  fiilils  111'  wliirli  arr  i-aii'l'iilly  [iiickiTril  iiinl 
|ilaiti'il.  Tlii'V  ili>  Mill  I'lilliiw  till'  small  I'lHit  l'a.H|iiiiii  ami 
till'  little  tiMlilliii;;  Nti'li  III'  till'  t'alitiili  Inlli'S,  lillt  sti'|i 
nut  linn  ami  I'ri'c.  A  pcas-iiit  nmhiimii  mI' FoOKihow  uill 
rany  two  rlu'st-s  i>(  ti-a,  raili  wii^^liiiij;  mii'  liiiii<linl 
|iiiuiiiIm,  t'roiii  till'  rity  In  tlw  rivi'i',  ami  iiiakr  iiiilit  nf 
il.  Till'  Tart. II'  wuiiH'ii  (lliriT  1^  a  Tailar  i|iiaili'i  lull') 
wi'ar  tlirir  liarr  all  ilriwii  link  rmiii  tlir  liinliiail.  ainl 
I'lsti'iH'il  ill  II  kii  it  licliiinl  witll  a  sort  ut'  skcwrr  >liiik 
tlii'iiiif^li  it,  at  llii'  riiil  III"  wliH'li  is  a  lliiwrr;  lliry  vnar 
lllillli'lltiiilialiii's,  a|i|i('ai'  In  In'  stili'k  iiitn  »li|r  limsi' 
stinkiims,  i.'iiii't'all\  vi'i'v  ilii'iy,  ami  sIhks  witli  aiiia/,iii;^ly 
tllirk   t'i'lt  siilcs  iil'li'll  iliuMl  al    till'  lli'i'is. 

Villi  H<'<>  aliiiiil  lus  mill  li  lint   nf  tin'  I'ity  iix  in — lln' 
(Hiiir  sliii|iM,  trailt'siiii'ii.  ami  artivr  stir  nf  rvrryilaV  lifr.' 
'I'lii'  walls  nf  till'  city  an>    hhiih'    tliil'iy    fii-t    ill    li('i;{lil 
ami  i'X|iriisivi'ly  nriiiiiiriiti'il  nVii'  till'  sivi'ial  '.'ali'vviys, 

all     nf    M'liirli    ai Iii|iiisri|     iif    ;;i'alilt<'      fniilnlat  inlis 

liiiislli'il  nil'  willi  liiirk'  riii'si-  wiij'i  all'  snini-  ri;;lil 
miles  in  riiriiiiiliii'iHi'.  mil  lln-ri-  hit  si'M'ii  i.'ati'--  Inr 
inll'.ilirr.  Tin'  liinsi  |ii'iiiiiiiii'iil  |iiiliiii'  li|ii|i|iii);s  ari' 
I  III-  Treasury  |ti'|iirliiiriit,  ami  tin-  ImiiM^,  inr //""i""-') 
III  till'  varinlls  nllii'iils;  llir  I 'niit'iu  iaii  riiii|i!i'.  ilis 
Mnycil  siiMii'  liiiii'  simi'  li\    tin';   tlir    1 1  iiipli's  n|  tin' 

"  (  inll  nf  ^^  ar,  "  till'  •■  <  iikIiIi'SS  n\'  Mi'l  iV,  "  till'  K'siili'lic'i' 
nf  till'   \'ii  I'liiy,  ami  tlir  rniii'j^i',  jail,  iVe.       'I'lir  N'irrlny's 

|iilarr    lianlly  iIisii'M's  tlir  iia :    lull   is   llkr  all    llirir 

|ii|lilli'  I'rsiili'lici  s,  lllil  Hrrm  lillill  lllnrr  Inr  tillsrl  aliil 
slinw,  tlian  siilislaiilialily  ami  nimfnrt  'I'lir  riirinsily 
sliii|is  ai'i'  fiiUiif  ivnry  rarv  iiii;.  wiukI  wurk  ami  tniiniM' 
slirll,  lirnlizu    jjnnil-,  alnl  laii(i|iiril  warr,  fur  wlinli    l!ir 


sriiiilili.  iiii|iiirv.      V'.'i'  Imvr  iinu'li  l.i  I.Mni  i'imim  lliin  |iii.|.li'.     Tlii' 

iiMiil  III  llii'ir  rivi'ps  IS  nillii'tul     lii-li'iiil  III   I If  It'll  III  u'i'ii' riili' 

'M  ilaria- iitiij    in  u-.il   l.ir  in  niiiri'.     'riii>  l.iir illi  «illi    lliiir 

'iiMn;lii'ii|w,  :in  I  prikliiiT  h  nrli  iiiniilil.      I  ii  y  inlLit  ill  ir  iiiu'lil 

-  il  ami  ii|'|ilv  il  riisli,    iii«li'  il  .i|'    «u<liiiir  II iinn'.iiia   In    I'lr- 

MIC  nliitiiiii ;  iiiiil,  hIiiI  U  III  III'.  Ilii'»  iili-ilul.  I»  1.TIIH  acri'ii  of 
iI'hit  Tor  nil  ciilicr  |Mn|Ki-i'  lli.ni  iiKimiri'.  ! 

'    I  lie  Cliini'iii'  iiiitliiHl  III  >,.ti|i   tj  .,  I'liinnii  rri:il  |iiinir  is  il  i  iiliil  ! 
iiii  I  I'llrrliiiil.      Wii  ifivu  an  i».iiii|.li..      .Vi  K'm  rlinrt    luni,  iiiiii'« 
nil  ('iniiiil,  mill  lliiTP,  lis  .•!«'«  I, i-ri',  it    siiinrliiiiis  ln|i|>i'ni  Iln' 
Ihi'  liiinki'ni  iiri'  iiiuiliji'  in  mi'  t    ihiir  i".u'iii;i'nii'iils        In    ls."i.'i 

■1  MTlll  liallka  WlTi'  ill  tins    |M»itiiili,  :iml  MS  llli'  |Hii|ili'  Wi'li'  i.i'UVt    I 

liivis,  iIh'v  rliimiiiiriil  \.M'  I'lriiiisly  ii'  tlir  nlliii's,  mill  rvrn  iiiin 
iiiiiiiril   |iulliii|;    il.iwn    Ilir    li.ni.rs.      Tlii' im.li  win  t.i.i  mnuii:  f"r 

'I iiiiiiluriiis.      I  In   till' lirsl    ihiy  llii'  M.liliiTH.  w   n  sluinlil   liiivi' 

li.in  rviiiU,  1. .iilil  iMil  l».  tiiimiiriil,  Imi  i'iii>n._-li  nirr  asti'mlilisl 
11.  \t  lUy  t.i  ,.|,.|,r  th,.  Mri'i'ls.  mIihIi  lli.y  ilil  i-ll'i  rtimlly.  In 
Inliiiiilmu  """«•  »'li"  wiTi'  '111'  liiru'i.,!  Ii.ilili'is  (if null's,  unci  liikinu* 
iitlii'i-s  primiiiirs'      I  lie  In  lu'inlin^'  »,,   c,|,).nl\  |i.rlciriiiiil  in  tlu' 

inllilir  sirifts,  williiiiit  tiiul,  :iml  nil I    ltiiiI  i -In  liahini  ;    lull   i 

it  «i'|i|Msl  till!  ni 1  tin- liuiika.    .\  imlul  lissnnl'ir  riiriinlimslli'. 

.1  I  It.  I 

•  ^Miiil  an  I'vi' till' Cliini'M' Imvp  to  liiiiiim's>  nmy  Is'  liiiii;-iiii'il 
I'ldii  llif  I'mt  ili;it  wliiji'  till'  Kn-ll«li  tin  I  M.i'.  I.  .inliarcliiiL- 
l'iini' II.  lilt,' 'Miiniiiini  iir  sliciji  Isrits  itiTi'  a>l  cl;i\  Idin;  picK'nclllli; 
Iroiii  slii|i  III  nil  p.  III, I  <s'ilin_' I'lciit  ami  vi-gi'Uililoa  lu  lliu  wtil  >r> 
»lici  win  liriii),'  till  ir  liiiiiMM.  I 


Klin  tin iw  arliMtN  Plijny  ii  s|Mi'ial  fame.  Tim  Hritiith 
( 'niisiilalr  was  nm  .■  an  nlil  imiiiastriy.  ami  fmin  it  in  a 
liraiililiil  |iriis|crit  i>\'  tile  Inwii  ami  NiirmuiitlinK 
iniiiilry.  Tlirrr  arr  alsn  llir  liinlilliisl  inni.astrry  iif 
( 'iitisliall,  nil  II  lit'l^jlit  l.t'ln  IrrI  alinvr  tlir  I'ily.  A 
w  hair's  Itintli  saiil  In  In-  riinlillni's,  ami  all  nl'l  Imlize, 
Kaiil  In  lie  ."ilKl  yriiisi  i,|i|  wiih  li  tils  I'mir  iliilirs  Inim, 
.llnl  llir  Nillj;)!!!  rrlll|i|r.  Willi  IWii  rl  ilinmtrlv  cnrvt'il 
riihlliilis  (if  ;;ialiili'.  saiil  In  liavrtnsl  t"J,<MIU  -a  |irntli 
nimis  sum,  iniisiilrriii);  llir  i  hi'a|inrss  nf  I 'liineM-  wnrk- 
nialislil|i.  ('iimiii;{  liark  frmii  the  ISak  nver  tliii 
mniiastery.  whiih  is  l.'.''ilill  li  ri  alinvelht'  inwii,  we  met 
with  ,1  ;;riil|t'maii  tra\illiii){  in  a  wliri'lliarrnw' '  l»ct 
|i  M  II  We  aflrrwal'ils  liiiiml  this  In  lit'  hy  iiii  meillll 
unusual,  imli't'il,  » litf  lliai  I'nws  arr  aiiinii;,'  the  iinliiiary 
ninili's  nf  lians|iiirt  fur  liuniaii  lirini{s  in  tlir  ( 'elrstlal 
l''.ill|illr  'I'lir  mi.s»inliarirs  |i|ffrl  ihi'lll,  nil  arrnuilt  nf 
tliril  rlira|inrs>.  In  all  nllnl  iiinilrs  nf  rniivrvalu'e,  lint 
w  ithsi.iiiiliii);  tl  at  they  aif  \rry  lal  l;,'iiinK.  'rriivrlliiii; 
W  llrrjiial  I'liw  s    iiif   rnlistiilllly    tn    lit'    .si  in  in  tllestlt'els 

nf  SliMlii;li. II  ami  Tirli  t-iii.      Tier  ul lis  in  ihr  erntrr. 

:iml  llir  I'lliilit  is  St  all  i|  nii  tuie  slile,  ami  is  'niintrl 
]iii|sril  liy  his  lia).'j,'at;t'  nii  ihr  nthrr.  What  In  slij 
iiinre  (III  imis  .iml  an  asi  fi  lalnril  fart,  Im  that  in  .snine 
piirtu  nf  ('liiii.i  tlirrr  arr  « lirtlliarmws  )irii|irllii|  liy 
.lUiils.  Till'  wril  kimwii  li.iM'lIrr  ami  missintiary  Iliu; 
(li'i'lareK  In  havinii  s<'eii  nnr  When  there  is  a  ynnil  siile 
wiml,  nr  it  is  lilnwiii',;  a  ^'.i  r  'r'nii  lirhiml,  thr  lahniirs 
nf   llir  whti'lrr    art-    siin,'iil.ii  ly    fnililateil    liy    siieh    ii 

1 1  run  "s 

Nt'M  iliy  wr  lanir  il  i^»ii  ihr  rivrr  lhrcni;;h  .i  richly 
1  IlllivatrtI  rtilintiy.  nlni  Itslimril  nlir  ('nlllsr  iihilijf 
thrrii.ist  nf  llir  tnn-t  ilrli^riy  |iii|iiilalril  |iln\ilit'i'  iit 
< 'liilia.  |iasl  Wan  rliilli.  wlirif  a  Inlrialilr  tiailr  in  sra- 
.sail  ami  alum  wis  i^'nl  up  l.ilrly.  iinlil  wr  .sl;;lili'tl  llm 
lililr    sarifil  island   nf   I'liin   .iml    the   Chiisan   umiip  ; 

I  hiisaii  is  a  lar;,'r  ami  liraiiiil'iil  isl.iml,  with  iinlilr 
iiiminliiiis  ami  lirlilr  \  illrV'-  -Icipiii'.'  In  thr  sea.  N'mi 
rrai  h  thr  hal  Imiiinl  Tlictihil  tin.  cll'.'h  lial  rnw  rh.'innrls  iil 

rntky  islrls       It  is  a  small  plarr  nf  JO, inhaliilanls. 

!  he   purl    is  iiii|irr;;iialilr  in  ^'nntl    hamls.   ami   is  a  liiir 

hai'l I  nf  ri'fi|i.;t'.      Thrill. ml    ^.'I'nws   enlttui    (hut    lint 

niiirhi,  ami  thr  I'rtiiii  iicf.  ulilili  prntlnrrs  a  strung 
lililr  ealialilr  tif  lieitiy  wmkeil  Vriy  liiir.  Thelf  is  also 
a  palm   llfr   ;;rnwiiii{    lure.    Iinm    ihr    lir,nls    i\\'  whiih 

a    stl'niii;    lilirr    is    nlilaiiird,    whiih     ihr    | plr    iisr   In 

liiakr  lial^  anil  cnats  >ii  Inr  laiiiv  wralhrr  Thr  ;,'rriii 
trii  shiuli  is  every wlirrr  riilti»alri|,  ami  llir  lallnw 
Irer  is  aliiimlalit,  as  wt||  as  thr  .aniphcir  Inr.  Ilrrr 
till'  ('liinrsr  shiipkrrpris  ha\r  ailnplril  Kiii^lisii  uainrs, 
ii.'i  "Sliilt/.,  I  iilnr.  fi'niii  l.tiiiilnii  ."  "  I'liiik  iiia.si  rr,  lailiir 
to  thr  .Viiiiy  ami  Na.y  ,  '  "  llnhlis.  urnrrr.''   There  are 

II  niiinlirr  nf  •■  Iniilrsmrii  tn  Inr  .Maji  siv,"|i|ic|  wr  Inanl 
xt\!  line,  ('liini,'  Kae^,  iliaii;.'ril  intn  '•.Inhn  Kini;.  tailnr 
tn  llir  .Mn.^l  (irariniis  Majisl\  t/iireii  \'iilnria  ami 
His  Itnyal  lli;4linrs.s  rriinr  .Mlirrt.  liy  appninlniriil .' 
ISelnW  wits  It  Min;{le  Wnnl.  iiii'f'iiniin  '/nl  i/rnrriiiliniin. 
Their  lanmiajie  is  a  inixliiir  nf  l'iirlii;;U('.se,  .Malay, 
HrliUalr.se,  iilnl  I'l^mn  Knu'lish.  Must  nf  tile  ill 
haliitaiils  earn  a  liviii;;  hy  ni.ikiii);  salt  nn  the  shtu'i'. 
Thr  pt>.ssrh.siiin  nf  I 'hllsan  is  a  |,'lf.ll  plnlrrllnli  In  iilir 
tratle  with  the  iinrth,  ami  imw  th.it  we  have  it 
(■nee  iiinre.  we  shall  lint    leaM'  it.       It   slanils  rrlitral  In 

ililpan  ami  (/'nrril.      Thr  sicklirsn  nf  llir   Kin>lish  tl p.s, 

wliilr  tlirrr.  was  atlrilmlalilr  In  llinr  liaiiarks  l)rin){ 
plarrcl  in  a  niar>ll,  ili-lratl  nl'mi  tin'  hilU  .ilici\t'  In  tlio 
sprillL,',  ( 'hlls.lll     is  nnr  nf    ihr   I I    In  alll  Mill    |s|a||i|H    ill 

the  wurlil,  ami  rt'iiiiml.s  iisnf  Kn^laml.     In  the  luuruiuj^ 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Photograph] 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 


1«» 


the  gni.ss  sjiiiiklcs  with  tin-  ilcw,  tlic  air  is  tiioi  uml 
rrtrcslmij;,  ihr  l)ii<l.s  mii'  siiii;ii.j,'  in  ovci-y  Imsli,  ami 
llowet's  are  liaiigiiijj  in  gnucfiil  tcstniiiis  tVoiii  the  trees 
mul  hedj^tw. 

We  rcsimied  mir  voyage, anil  when  we  rose  next  inoiii- 
ing,  toiiiiil  ourselves  in  tlie  shiillow  waters  that  noted 
the  iiioutli  of  the  Yang-tsekiang — a  river  l,.")(l(l  miles 
in  navigahle  length — coniiiig  down  here  IVom  the  very 
liacklione  ■it'Cenlral  Asia,  ami  running  through  <1(IO,000 
si|Mari>  miles  of  niidland  ('Iiina      The  first  laml  we  saw 

wa.s  till,'  island  of  Woo  sing,  which   has  1 n  gradually 

fornieil  from  the  dehris  of  the  "  Itiver  Child  of  the 
Oeean."  Shi|)|iiiig  of  every  class  were  scudding  in  and 
out,  and  at  Woo-sing  were  lying  half-adozeii  oiiiuin 
slii|)s — a  V'  it  to  which  was  enough  to  give  you  a 
lieadache  for  a  week.  A  floating  lighthouse  marks 
till!  entrance  to  the  Wang-hoo  river,  seven  miles  n[) 
which  lies  Shanghai  ;  and  with  the  tide  in  our  favour, 
and  a  light  Kreeze,  we  merrily  worked  our  v. ay,  assisted 
liy  a  crew  of  (.'liinese  hoatmeii — iiim'  of  whoni  were  at 
the  rudder — sailing  in  a  laniydookiny,  hamlioo masted, 
lattecn-.sailed,  .square  at  hoth  sides,  and  high  in  the 
middle  cou.structed  craft  (a  hou.se  lioat).  past  the  dam|>, 
s.vain|iy,  Kssex-lookiug  cnast.  pant  the  mountains  far 
;iway  from  the  river's  li.ink.s,  till  a  missionary  village, 
«iih  its  tiny  church,  a  gnod,  substantial  residence,  ami 
a  do/.cii  nmre  well  liuilt  hou>es,  liroke  the  monotony. 
.Now  we  push  past  the  l.-irge  sipiare  mansions  of  the 
ineriliant  residents  at  e.icli  corner,  and  land  at  the 
Custom  House,  in  the  Knglish  port. 

X.— SIIAMGHAI. 

Sir.woirAl  is  the  most  northerly  of  the  five  ports  at 
which  foreigiu'is  i\vt\  now  perinilteil  to  trade  with  the 
Clilm'se  It  is  situated  al><>ut  a  hundred  miles  in  a 
northwest  diroctiim  from  the  islaml  of  Chiisaii.  'I'he 
city  stands  on  tin-  'laiik  of  a  fini'  river,  almut  twelve 
miles  from  the  point  where  it  joins  the  celelir.ited  Yang- 
tsekiang,  or  "  lliver  Child  of  the  ( )ciMn."  The  Wan-sii 
river,  as  it  is  generally  e:ilh-d  liy  foreigm'rs,  is  as  wide 
at  Shangli:ii  as  the  'riiaines  at  lioiidoii  fridge  Its  main 
chainiel  is  ilee[i,  .ind  easily  navigated,  when  known,  hut 
the  river  ahounds  in  long  iinid  hanks,  dangerous  to 
large  foi'cigii  vi.s.sels,  utdess  they  happen  to  go  up  with 
a  tiiir  wind,  and  manage  to  get  a  good  pilot  on  board 
at  the  entrance  of  the  river. 

'i'hc  city  ut'  Sli.ingiiai  is  surroutidcd  with  high  walls 
and  ramp.irts,  built  upon  the  same  plan  as  all  other 
('liiiicse  fortificiticins  nf  thi.s  kind.  The  circuinfi'i-eiiee 
of  the  walls  IS  .iboiit.  three  and  a  half  miles,  and  the 
greater  part  of  the  inside  is  densely  studded  with 
houses;  the  suburbs,  particularly  all  along  the  side  of 
the  river,  are  very  extensive  Although  tlu^  gates  of 
the  city  are  closed  soon  .ifter  dark,  the  people  are 
allowed  to  pass  through  afterwards  on  the  paynuuit  of 
a  tew  ''cash."  When  tin;  g.ite  is  o|icii  to  one  a  whole 
crowd  are  ready  to  rush  throuudi  along  with  him,  the 
first  oidy  paying  the  "cish."  Such  's  the  custom;  so 
th.it  if  a  poor  man  comes  to  the  gate  he  has  only  to 
wait  until  om^  richer  than  himself  ariivcs,  when  the 
fee  heieg  |iaid,  they  pass  through  toiiether.  Joss- 
houses  are  met  with  in  all  directions,  hoth  in  the  city 
ami  suburbs;  at  certain  |)art-i  on  the  ramparts  also 
these  temples  are  built  and  crowded  with  idols,  where 
the  natives  come  to  burn  inc  use,  bow  the  knee,  and 
engage  in  the  other  cereimmies  of  heathen  idol  worship. 
Fortune-tellers  and  jugglers  are  also  in  great  rcijuest. 


ami  r<'ap  a  rich  harvest  by  working  ii]inn  the  credulity 
of  their  countiyincu.  Yon  meet  the.-e  characters  in  all 
the  streets  and  public  si|nares  in  Shanghai,  and,  what 
is  verv  strange,  the  niit'i-sniii/s  or  theatricals,  lif  whidi 
the  (,'hincse  are  particularly  fmid,  ale  frcipiently  exhi- 
bited  in   the  temples 

The  streets  are  generally  very  narrow,  and  in  the 
day  time  are  crowded  with  people  .-ictively  engaged  in 
busine.--s.  The  merchandise,  wliiih  is  the  most  striking 
to  a  stranger  walking  through  the  streets,  s  silk  and 
embroideiy.  cotton  and  cotton  goods  porcelain,  ready- 
made  clothes  of  all  kinds  Ixautifnlly  liiu'il  with  skins 
and  fur.  bamboo  pijies,  six  feet  long,  and,  nicely 
arranged  in  the  shops,  ]iictures.  bronzes  .-ind  mnncrous 
curio>itv  shops  for  the  sale  of  carved  bambno  orna 
meiits,  old  pieces  of  porcelain,  and  things  of  that  kind, 
to  which  the  Chinese  attach  gicit  value  Ibit  artich's 
of  fiiod  tiirin  iif  course  the  most  extensive  trade  of  all  ; 
and  it  is  sometimes  a  dillicnlt  matter  to  get  through 
the  streets  for  the  immense  ipiantilies  of  fish,  jmrk, 
fruit,  and  vegetables  which  crowd  the  stands  in  fiont 
"f  the  shops.  I'esides  the  more  common  kinds  of 
vegetables,  tin'  shepherd's  jiulse  and  a  kind  of  trefoil 
clover  ar(^  extensively  used  among  the  natives  there, 
and  re.dly  these  things,  when  pinpirly  cooked,  more 
particidarly  the  latter,  are  nnt  bad.  I  »ining-rniims. 
tea-hou.ses.  and  b.ikcr's  shops  are  met  with  at  every 
step,  from  the  ]ioiu'  man  who  carries  his  kitchen  or 
bakehouse  upon  his  back,  and  licats  upon  a  piece  el 
bamboo  to  appiise  the  neighbonihond  of  his  presence, 
ai'il  whosi'  whole  establishment  is  not  worth  a  dollar, 
to  the  most  extensive  tavern  or  Ici  garden  ci'owded 
with  hundreds  of  <'uslonicrs  I'lV  a  tew  t-ash  ( IIIHd  or 
12(1(1,  one  dollar),  a  Chinese  can  dine  in  a  sumptuous 
maimer  upon  his  rice,  fish,  vegetables,  and  tea  ;  and 
hence,  some  travellers  believe  that  in  no  country  in 
the  world  is  there  less  real  nn.sery  and  want  than  in 
Uhiiiii.  'J'he  very  beggars  .seem  a  kind  of  jolly  crew, 
and  iire  kindly  treated  by  the  inhabitants. 

Shanghai  is  by  far  the  most  iuipurt.int  station  for 
foreign  trade  on  the  coast  of  ( 'hina.  and  is,  con.se- 
ipiently,  attracting  .1  large  shaK-  of  public  attcntioi!. 
No  other  town  possesses  greater  advantages  ;  it  's  tlie 
gre;it  gate-  the  principal  entrance,  in  tint — totheChi- 
nese  empire.  In  going  tip  the  river  towaids  the  town, 
a  forest  of  masts  meets  the  eye,  and  shows  at  once  that 
it  is  a  place  of  vast  n.itivu  trade.  Jiinks  come  here 
from  all  jiai-fs  of  the  coast,  not  only  from  the  southern 
pro\  inces,  but  al-o  fioin  Sli.in-tiing  ami  I'eiln-li  :  lliero 
are.  aKo,  a  eonsideiable  number,  aniiu.-lly.  fioui  Singa- 
pore and  the  Malay  Isl.inds  '1  he  (•oinehiiiice  of 
inl.ind  transit  is  also  unrivalled  in  any  part  of  the  world. 
The  cotintrv  being,  as  it  weie.  the  valley  of  the  Y.ing- 
tse  kiang.  is  one  Viist  plain  intersected  by  many  beau- 
tiful river.s.  and  these  again  joined  and  ( ro.ssed  by 
canals,  nnny  of  tiiein  marly  naiural  and  others  atu- 
liendons  works  of  art.  (>"ing  to  the  level  nature  of 
ihe  country  the  tide  ebbs  and  Hows  a  gri'at  distance 
inland,  thus  assisting  the  ii.itiM's  in  the  transmission 
of  their  exports  to  Shanghai,  or  their  imports  to  the 
most  distant  jiarts  of  the  country.  The  |iort  of  Shang- 
hai swarms  with  bo.-its  of  .all  sizes  em|iloyeil  in  this  in- 
land traflic  ;  ami  the  traveller  continually  meets  them, 
and  gets  a  glimpse  of  their  sails  over  the  l.lfid  at  every 
step  of  his  progress  in  the  interior.  Since  the  ]iort  lias 
been  opened,  these  bo.its  bring  down  lari;e  ipiatititiesof 
tea  and  silk,  to  supjily  the  wants  of  our  ineichaiit,s  who 
have  established   tiiemselves   iiere,  and    return    loaded 


II  'il:: 


t40 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


with  the  mamifacturos  of  Europe  and  A  nu-rica,  which 
they  have  taker,  in  exchange.  Our  plain  cuttou  goods 
artt  most  in  deiu  md  atnongst  the  Chinese  becanse  they 
can  dye  them  in  their  own  peculiar  style,  and  tit  them 
for  the  tastes  of  the  people.  From  wliat  wo  know 
of  the  googr.ipliic  il  nature  of  the  country,  there 
can  be  no  doul)t  that  all  the  green  teas,  and 
perhaps  the  greatest  portion  of  the  black,  can  be  brought 
to  Shanghai  at  les.s  expense  than  they  can  be  taken  to 
Canton,  or  any  of  the  soutliern  t(»wns,  e.'vcept,  [icrhaps, 
Ning-po  ;  and,  a.s  the  tea-men  incur  le.-is  risk  in  taking 
their  money  home  from  the  north,  owing  to  the  peace- 
able nature  of  the  inhabitiuits,  this  will  be  another 
very  great  indue. Mnent  to  bring  their  teas  to  Shanghai. 
People  generally  suppose  the  black-tea  districts  to  be 
nearer  the  port  of  Fu-chu  i»u  than  either  Ning  po  or 
Shanghai ;  but  it  must  be  recollected  that  very  few  of 
the  black  teis  now  imported  to  England  are  from  the 
Bohea  hills,  as  these  teas  are  considered  coarser,  and 
much  inferior  in  quality  to  other  kindi;,  which  are  from 
a  very  different  country  much  farther  to  the  north,  and 
on  the  northern  siile  of  the  Groat  Mountain.  The  large 
silk  districts  of  Northern  Chin  i  are  close  at  hand : 
there  can  be  no  doubt  tliit  a  largj  proportion  of  that 
cocnmodity,  in  a  raw  state,  will  be  disposed  of  at 
Shanghai.  Taking,  therefore,  all  lhe.se  facts  into  con- 
sideration, the  proximity  of  Shanghai  and  other  large 
towns,  Han;,chu,  Su-chu,  and  the  ancient  capital  of 
Nankin  :  the  largj  nitive  trade,  the  convenience  of 
inland  transit  by  m  (ins  of  rivers  an  I  canals  ;  the  fact 
that  teas  and  .silks  can  be  brought  hero  more  readily 
than  to  Canton  ;  an  I,  lastly,  viewing  this  place  as  an 
iminen.se  mart  for  our  cotton  mmufictures,  which  we 
already  know  it  to  be — it  is  easily  under <too  1  how  it 
not  only  rivals  C  mton,  but  ha-s  becom  ;  a  pla ;«  of  far 
greater  imp  irtance  An  1,  when  it  is  ad. lid  that  the 
climite  is  heilthy,  th;;  natives  peace.i  de,  and  foreign 
residents  respected,  and  allowed  to  walk  and  ride  all 
over  the  country  to  any  distance  not  exjeedin.;  a  day's 
journey,  it  will  be  acknowledged  that  as  a  place  to  live 
at,  it  hits  many  alvanlages  over  its  southern  rival. 

As  an  agricultural  country,  the  plain  of  Sli,in'.;hai  is 
by  far  the  richest  which  is  to  be  ^ecn  in  China,  and  i.s, 
perhaps,  unequalle  I  by  any  district  of  like  extent  in 
the  world.  It  is  one  v.ist  bjautiful  garden.  The  '  ills 
nearest  to  Shangh  li  are  distant  about  thirty  n.iles. 
The.se  have  an  isolated  app.sirar.ce  in  the  extensive 
plain,  and  are  not  in>retlian  "'''d  or  .'500  feet  high  All 
the  rest  of  the  country  is  ,i  v  ist  level  plain,  without  a 
moimtain  or  a  hill  to  break  tli.i  m  )n otony  of  the  view. 
The  .soil  is  a  rich  daep  loaui,  an  I  produc-s  heavy  crops 
of  wheat,  barley,  rice,  and  c  )ttoii,  besides  an  immense 
quintity  of  green  vegetable  crops,  such  as  cabbages, 
turnips,  yams,  carrots,  e.rg  plants,  oucumb -rs,  and  other 
articles  of  that  kind,  which  are  grown  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  city.  The  land,  altho'.i,di  level,  is  gonei-ally 
higher  thin  the  villeys  a  iiongst  the  hills  or  the 
plains  round  Nin.jj)),  an  I.  con.sequently,  it  's  widl 
lulapted  for  the  cultiv.ition  of  cotton,  which  is,  in  fact, 
the  8ta])le  production  of  th,'  di.strict  Indceil,  this  is 
the  great  .Vankin  cotton  country,  from  whi(di  large 
quantities  of  that  article  are  generally  sent  in  junks  to 
the  north  and  south  of  China,  a.s  well  .us  t"  the  neigh- 
bouring islands.  Both  the  whitt?  kind,  anil  that  called 
the  "  yellow  cotton,"  from  which  the  yellow  nankeen 
eloth  is  miule.  are  pruiuced  in  the  district 

The  soil  of  this  district  is  not  only  remarkably  fertile, 
butitgricuiture  liuiiuia  moruudvanced,aud  beumu  vreuter 


resemblance  to  what  it  is  at  home.  Farm-yatv  s  are 
here  to  be  met  with,  containing  stacks  regularly  ouilt 
up  and  thatched  in  the  same  form  and  manner  as  we 
Knd  then,  in  England  ;  the  land  too  is  ridged  and 
furrowed  the  san)e  way  ;  and  were  it  not  for  plantiitiona 
of  bamboo,  and  the  long  tail ,  and  general  costume  of 
the  natives,  a  man  might  ainuet  imagiiu;  himself  on 
the  banks  of  the  Thames  A  veiy  consiiUi'able  jH)rtion 
of  the  land  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town  is  occupied  by 
the  tombs  of  tlie  dead.  In  all  directions  large  conical 
shaped  mounds  meet  the  eye,  overgrown  with  long 
grass,  and  in  some  instances  ]>!.'  iited  with  shrubs  and 
flowers.  The  traveller  here,  as  wtll  as  at  Ning-j>o  and 
Chu.s.in,  con.stantly  meets  with  coffins  placed  on  the 
surface  of  tlu;  ground  out  in  the  Kelds,  carefully  thatched 
over  with  straw  or  mats  to  j)re.serve  them  from  tho 
weather.  Sometimes,  tlumgh  rarely,  when  the  relatives 
are  less  careful  than  they  generally  are,  coffins  are  met 
with  broken  or  crumbling  to  pieces  with  age,  exjiosing 
the  remains  of  the  dead.  Coffins  of  children  are  met 
with  everywhere,  are  raised  from  the  ground  on  a  few 
wooden  posts,  and  caretully  thatched  over  to  j)rotec* 
them  from  the  weather,  reminding  the  stranger  thai 
simie  parent,  with  feelings  as  tender  and  acute  as  his 
own,  has  been  bereave^t  of  a  loved  one,  whom  he, 
perhaps,  expected  should  eluer  and  support  him  in 
his  declining  years,  and  whose  remaiiss  he  now  carefully 
watches.  Those  in  the  higher  ranks  of  life  have, 
generally,  a  family  burial  i)laue  at  a  little  distance 
from  the  town,  planted  with  ry])resses  and  pine  trees, 
with  a  teni|)le  and  altar  built  tn  hold  the  jos.ses  or 
idols,  and  where  the  various  religious  ceremonies  are 
jierformed.  A  man  with  '.lis  family  is  sttitioned  there 
to  prot(!ct  the  place,  and  to  burn  candles  and  incense 
on  certain  high  day.s.  Others,  again,  are  interred  in 
what  may  be  called  ]iublic  ce.iietiries,  sevend  of  wdiieh 
are  to  be  met  with  in  tho  viciidty  of  Shanghai  The.se 
are  large  buildings,  each  containing  a  certa'n  number 
of  spacious  halls  o"  rooms,  and  having  the  '  offins  placed 
in  rows  arouml  the  sides. 

Since  Europeans  have  established  themselves  along 
the  coast  of  China,  Shanghai  is  miiformly  considered, 
of  all  sfKiti--,  the  plea.santest  as  a  residence.  With  a 
society  almost  as  mnnerous  as  Ilong-Kong,  there  is 
much  agreeable  .social  intercourse,  owing,  no  doubt,  in 
a  great  measure,  to  the  fact  that  it  is  the  ultima  tliuJe 
of  civilisation  and  Ikus  not  yet  been  forced  into  exclu- 
sivene.ss  by  miscellaneous  hordes  making  it  a  house  of 
call  ;  while,  jus  a  foreign  community  in  a  distant  land, 
it  is  not  subject  to  those  political  di.s.s('nsions  wh  h  so 
often  di.stract  our  own  colonies.  There  is,  moreover, 
an  air  of  sulistantial  prosperity  about  Shanghai,  ■which 
occiusionally  expands  into  magnificence,  and  displays 
itself  in  palatial  residences,  and  an  expi'iisive  style  of 
living  ;  but  there  is  also,  unhappily,  a  gloomy  side  to 
the  picture  ;  and  there  are  years  when  an  unfortunately 
heavy  venture  in  silk,  on  the  jiart  of  the  community. 
resMilts  in  a  corresponding  reduction  of  crinoline. 

Situated  on  the  flat  li.ank  of  the  river,  Shanghai 
owes  noiu!  of  its  charms  to  the  pictnii'.sque,  but  the 
li.indsome  houses  which  line  the  shore,  for  a  distance  of 
two  miles,  give  it  an  im|)osinga))])earanceas  approached 
from  the  sea.  The  English  section  of  the  town,  though 
not  confined  cxclusivelv  to  British  siilijccts,  is  the 
largest.  It  lit!s  between  the  French  and  American; 
((aeli  of  these  diffi'fent  cpiarters  is  inhabited  by  subjects 
of  other  countries  The  boundarv  of  tht;  Krenidi  ciui- 
cessiou  is  the  city  wall      The  city  is  nbout  Ihrev  inileti 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 


141 


in  circumference,  and   contains  a   impulation  i>f  almnt  I  banks,  books,  and   bar))rrs  ;  some  pnlishinp  stnm-  (ir- 


300,000.  Shanjjbai  is  diicfiy  Cflcbrutcd  for  old  i-hina, 
inlaid  copper,  and  otlier  objects  of  "vertu,"  which  it 
imports  from  Su-chii,  to  meet  the  European  demand. 
It  has  suffered  a  {food  deal  from  the  ocoipation  of  the 
rebels,  and  its  nice  famous  tea-{;ardens  are  now  a  ma.ss 
of  grotesqu' ;  rock-work  and  debris,  but  little  frequented, 
and  which  in  their  best  days  must  liave  been  rather 
quaint  than  pretty. 

We  will  now  take  a  chair,  and  proceed  to  ins])cct 
the  town.  We  find  the  foreign  settlement  situute  on 
the  river-bank.  The  buildings  (or  hongs)  are  very 
large,  and  two  storeys  liigh,  with  upper  and  lower  ver- 
andas, and  eacl  surroundetl  with  its  garden,  liehind 
thein  are  the  tea  and  silk  warolumse.s,  or  "go-downs," 
as  they  call  them,  some  a  hundred  and  tliirty  feet  in 
length  by  forty.  The  English  merchants  in  China  take 
pride  in  their  elegant  furniture,  and  choice  pictures  aud 
engravings.  How  wonderful  is  China '  we  kept  on  ex- 
claiming, as  we  jostled  in  company  with  a  learned  doctor 
throuj^h  the  city.  It  took  three  miles  to  bring  us  to  a 
gate,  and  all  the  way  through  athickly-peo])led  district, 
pa.ssing  countless  men,  women,  and  children,  all  hurry- 
ing on  with  loads  of  vegetibles,  baskets  of  fowls,  and 
various  bundles  of  teas,  silk,  itc.  In  one  street,  we 
went  into  a  cofHn-tnaker's  manufactory — coffins  are 
matters  of  compliment  in  China,  they  make  presents 
of  them  ahd  keep  them  for  yeara  ;  and  a  joss  paper- 
maker's,  where  we  saw  the  pap<T  shaken  out  on  a 
■ieve  (they  have  no  machines),  and  the  pulp  made.  The 
Chinese  method  of  making  pa])er  is  the  same  as  Kooji's 
famous  patent.  Koop  had  been  in  China  and  Japan, 
and  seen  it  made,  and  Koop  really  ma<lo  pajier  out 
of  deal  boards  In  the  canals  here  you  may  see  large 
ipiantities  of  bamboo  partially  covered  with  mud  .so  as 
to  be  ])re.ssed  under  water  These  were  intended  to 
be  made  into  ]iaper,  after  they  had  been  soaked  for 
some  time.  The  process  of  making  paper  is  carried 
out  as  follows: — After  being  s()ake<l  for  some  time, 
the  bamboos  are  split  \ip  and  satur.ated  with  lime  and 
water  until  they  have  become  quite  soft.  They  are 
then  beaten  into  a  ]n\\])  in  mortars,  or,  where  water- 
])ow(r  is  at  hand,  :  s  in  the  hilly  districts,  the  beating 
or  stamping  p^l<■e^8  is  done  I^  means  of  stampers, 
which  rise  and  fall  as  the  cogs,  which  are  j)laced  on  tlio 
axis  of  the  water-wheel,  revolve.  When  the  mass  ha.s 
been  reduced  to  a  fine  pulpy  substance,  it  is  then 
taken  to  a  furnace  and  well  boiled  until  it  lias  become 
quite  white,  and  is  then  made  into  j)aper.  The  fine 
stuff  is  used  for  writing  and  drawing  pa]iers,  the 
common  for  biown,  and  for  cutting  up  in  pieces  to 
be  used  by  biulders  in  their  mortar. 

Here  we  come  to  rice  and  corn  mills,  and  there  you 
would  fall  in  with  a  whoie  row  of  blacksmiths,  car- 
jtenters,  umbrella-  makers,  rope  nianufactorii\s,  boots, 
shoes,  tailoi's,  b<K)kbindei's,  now  anil  then  .'i  barber, 
shaving  with  liis  two-inch  chi.sel  of  a  razor  over  a 
pastry-cook's — cakes  frizzling  in  thi"  pan.  Further  on 
we  came  to  a  beautifid  street,  wider  than  tlie  rest — 
say  ten  or  twelve  feet  -  gaily  cap.irisoned  with  gaudy 
swinging  signs  t)f  boards  or  ])asteboard,  coloured  cotton 
or  metallic  signs,  the  several  characters  noting  the 
name  and  style  of  the  firm  standing  o\it  conspicuously, 
com])letely  lined  on  both  sides  with  wholesale  and 
retail  tradesmen,  cloth  goods  or  ready-made  clothing, 
beans,  peas,  and  rice  in  one  shop,  and  caps  and  silks 
and  cloths  in  the  next  ;,  pictures  and  prints,  cook-shops 
and    eating-houses,    curiosity-Miongers,    pawnbrokers, 


naments,  some  grinding  corn  and  rice,  some  kneading 
dovigh  with  the  |H)t  swingii.g  ready  to  receive  it,  while 
others  were  engaged  in  counting  cash  at  some  ex- 
change-house, smoking  o]iiuni  in  an  hotel,  or  drinking 
samshu  in  a  pothouse,  and  an  occasional  beggar 
got  up  in  the  best  )iossible  .,i,y'e  with  rags  and  vermin, 
.sons  and  filth,  jierson  exposed,  and  mud  balls  stuck  on 
his  forehead,  yelling  at  the  to])  of  his  voice  rounil 
some  aristocratic  tradesman's  ]ilace  for  nioni'V,  and  the 
jioor  shopman  dare  not  drive  liim  away,  for  the  pro- 
fessional beggar  is  like  a  fellow.sliip  ])orter,  licensed 
to  bog  by  government,  and  you  can  only  get  rid  of 
him  by  giving  him  'cash.'  They  then  go  on  to  tlie 
ne.xt,  and  before  night,  collect  enough  to  buy  some 
rice,  drink  a  cup  of  samshu,  and  then  get  drunk 
ov(T  their  ojiium  ])ipe.  I'assing  along  this  thickly- 
shop])cd  street,  w<'  dived  down  a  small  lane  and  into  a 
bathing  house,  where  the  ]>oor  come  at  all  honre  and 
take  a  bath  for  less  then  a  tiii'thii  ,.  Each  bather  has 
a  little  box  for  his  clothes,  an<l  an  obsequious  servant 
to  help  him  to  dress,  and,  if  he  chooses,  a  cup  of  tea  is 
near  at  hand.  Some,  only  half  di-cssed,  were  lieing 
operated  upon  by  a  corn  doctor  —and  they  are  at  home 
in  such  science — others  were  a:giiiiig  and  talking  wis- 
dom, and  some  singing  wild  ai.d  ji.i.-^.sionate songs.  We 
chin-chined  out  of  the  steam  as  fa.st  as  possilde,  and 
next  visited  one  of  the  opium  dens  (see  p.  128,)  which 
are  in  every  street.  There  were  abo\it  a  dozen 
poor  besotted  creatures  in  dilVerent  stages  of  in- 
toxication, and  some  lifelessly  stretched  njMHi  the 
Hour.  About  the  room  were  bciichts,  and  one  or  two 
couches,  where,  lying  down,  re.-ting  upon  their  elbows, 
with  a  little  rushlight  befnie  them,  they  insert,  with 
a  long  needle,  one  of  the  little  balls  into  the  end  of 
their  pipes  and  smoke  away,  letting  the  smoke  dis- 
a]ipear,  usually,  thro\igh  the  no,stril.s.  Tiie  opium  is 
handed  to  them  in  a  'ittle  ciqt,  about  the  size  of  a 
thimble,  and  they  are  allowed  to  make  themselves 
intoxicated  for  a  farthing. 

Further  on  we  came  to  t'  e  English  M  issionaries' 
Church,  built  of  stone.  From  here  to  the  Chinaman's 
joss  liou,se,  where  we  found  a  large  hall,  entered  by  a 
spacious  court,  in  the  middle  of  which  wa.s  a  large 
bronze  cup,  with  ;ie  names  of  those  whohad  subsciilied 
to  it  engraved  tin  its  sidi — a  penny  s\d)Pcription  monu- 
ment-— a  curious  relic  of  two  hundred  years  ago.  The 
outside  of  the  temple  is  ado'ned  with  quaint  designs  of 
birds  anil  anim-ds;  in  the  niside  were  great  gilt  wooden 
statues  of  l?iidilha,  in  his  three  forms,  the  i)ast,  the 
present,  aiul  the  future.  Besides  these  were  other 
forms,  larger  than  life  ;  youth  and  age,  happiness  and 
mi.sery,  ])eace  and  war,  the  pregnant  woman  and 
the  new  born  babe,  laughter  and  sorrow,  and 
numerous  other  emblems,  cajiitally  and  vividly 
executed  in  wood.  O]pposite  the  No.  1  god  were  little 
sticks  to  burn  homage,  and  jo.ss  paper  to  set  on  fire  ; — 
and  that  is  their  idea  of  worship. 

Again,  we  are  off  to  the  ('o\irt  of  Justice — a  clean, 
dignified  room,  witli  a  Mandai'in,  whii.se  whole  mien 
bore  unmi.stal;tiilile  marks  of  antboritv,  sitting  in  the 
.seat  of  the  jui';g  ,ith  jiolieenien  and  assistants,  oHicials 
and  clerks  on  every  side  ;  but  the  jirisoners  with  chains 
aboiit  their  legs,  anil  arms  tied  behind  them,  wen 
waiting  their  trial  and  decision  of  the  judge.  One  man 
was  u])  in  the  criminal  box,  but  the  .system  of  exami- 
nation wa.s  so  cruel  that  we  coidd  not  bear  to  witness 
it,      Firat,    the   guard   struck    him   fiercely  over  th» 


I¥ 


I  i 

I I 


H 


ill" 

In  '  ' 


:J  ;    I;      1     s 


143 


ALL   ROUND  TMR    WOULD. 


iiiiMil'i  willi  ;i  IiMiiiliiM)  olTii-iiil  sliitr  till'  |iiii>i'  wri'li'li  I  fiiniji'  it  w.is  i>l' Ml)  iiviiil.  'I'lic  l:iws  in  the  city  iliiriiii» 
s'lirii'Uiiii;  witli  |>:iim  ;   llic  ntliir   |iiiMiiiifs  .ill   ilir  wlnlc  ,  llirir  sliiy  witc   tlmsc  of  tin-  'I'riMil   SoiMrlv      ,i   .siiniifj 

stiiliil  .iliil  ni'lilli'li'lil  s|'ri'l,ilii|s,  mmI  kliinvilii;  wlm  ciiih'     iniMllI t'  I'liiinnuli    sciisr    ,'iii  I     I.    Iirli    Justin'.       'I'llt! 

next.  A  Itcl'W.iiiis,  Mihillu'i  kin  1  ol' l.ii'tui'i'  \v:iN  I'l'siirli'ii  I'liiiri'lii's  were  ri'S|i"rli'il,  •■iinl  lln'  rtii|it'rii|''s  |iiii|Hrty 
tn,  til,.  i;ii:ir.l  Ml  ikih','  t  lie  criniiiril  kiici'l  ilnwn  « itli  liis  iintMUclii'ii.  'I'licy  I'l'iiniiiuril  i'lnkiiry  mihI  prnrkiiim  i| 
li;iii(N  :iliin,'  liis  lii'iiil,  in  m  posilinn  wliii-ji  cMcirli'ii  llic  «iii'slii|i  d' tlic  I'liii' <  Iml.  'Iln' ciii-r  «  Im  ullini.id  1\ 
\('lls  .if  .ii;,iii\ ,  I  111'  111  Il;i'  aiiil  t  111'  "llii  iriU  .ill  "('.'iriML;  ii  '  tiiiik  ('niiiiiiMiiil  \\:is  a  t';inli>ii  m-u'  lunkiT.  wIiu  lin<l 
limk  III' llii' ill'ii'Wt  111  lilt'i'iTln  r  A  lllllc  I'lrllii'l'iili  tlli'l'i'  stMltcii  lln'  'ri'iiiil  l.ml'^'ral  Sli,niL,'li:ii  ;  iimvllu'r  iradi'l' 
wiTi'  l«  11  riiiiiiii  iK  «  II  li  larm'  linlls  aliniil  I  ln'ii'  iirrks,  ,  was  ii  t,'ri'i'ii  Ira  lii'ukri'  I'lir  lir>.|  liyliliii;;  rliicf 
aiil  till'  kaii'4  la  l.ii'i^i'  M'liai'r  iiiri'r  nl'  plank)  liniiu;  was  :\  yniiii;;  L;riiiiiii.  wlm  liail  sriM'il  in  llii'  Hiilisli 
rniiiil  llnir  inrks.  Tin'  wiiuli'  ~i'riiiri|  a  larrr  -a  mix  ( 'niisiilati'  slaliirs  at  Aiiiny  ami  l''iiii  rlmw.  'I  lii'V 
liMi' 111'  liriUal  iTili'llv  with  rcliiiril  li  ii'li  iii^iii  lii'lnw  '  iliij  as  llii'y  plrasi'il,  ami  lln'  pcnplc  iliil  iml  npi  hsi 
lire  prisiuii'i's  ill  liastinaijii  -a  jail  ;:riivvlJnL;  ami  llu'iii.  I  lie  Kri'iirli  pirkiil  a  ipiarril  vmiIi  liiiii 
liiiwlin  j;  in  llii'ii' I'l'iiwili'ii  I'l'ils  liki'  III' iss.  ami  I'l  inkiii','  ainl  attai'ki'il  liiiii.  Iml  wcii'  rrpiilM'il  At  last  lli" 
llu'il'  I'll  lins.  Wi'  will  i-liiiiiji'  I  In'  sii'iir  l.i  a  Ih'I  Iit  phase  n 'I  iris  Miiri'mli'n'il  tn  I  In'  l''ii'mli,  wlm  ;;a\  r  lliriii  up  In 
lit'  Cjiiiii'si'  lil'i'  -lliir  Iviii'vnli'iil  iiisi  it  iiiiuns.  IIiti'  Vi'li.  ami  llif  Iniprn  ilisis  I  rnki'  inin  tlir  invvn,  wlinli 
Villi  M'l- till"  laiiii',  till'  Mill  1.  alli'inl  lilts,  iiiirsi's,  ilii.'i.ii'.s.'  lln'v  rill.'ij.  lii'licailiin;  ami  n  iil.ilii.i,'  l.'nn  miii 
all  aiiaii'^ril  in  tlu'  styli"  ut'  uiir  nwii  linspit  ils,  cvitv  t'liin  all  Lin  rnl  liis  «,i\  lliiiiiii;li  ami  iiiailr  liis  way  tr 
tliiiii;  I'uriii-lii'  1  l>v  till'  I  mpi'i'i  il  in  ii^ii  iti'  ;  ill  •  p.-iliriils  Siain  ;  w  lirir  In'  was  last  lii'aiil  nl  as  a  I'aMHiiitr  nl'  I  In' 
an"  iiinmi'iMis  .ill  kimlly  1 1 1'  r  1  Wc  alsn  visit  ij  i  In-  kiiiij;.  Ili'was  .saiil  In  In"  It  aunril  w  itli  a  i^iral  pirati' 
I'itv  I'll  iril  V  11  1  -SI',  aii'l  .'I  pi'iv  ih'  ill  ii'il  V  liiiii^i'  I'm'  i  he  ;  party  ut  ii.i\,'il  rrlnis.  ami  was  umi'  ilir  .-aiisi'  m'  sa\  ins; 
ilistri'.-^i'il  p  ml- ;  aU'i  .1  I'liiinlliiii,' h.i.ipil  il.  w  ji'i'i' a  lill  Ic  i.'ij;n'it  many  han^lisli  Hm's,  liy  I  iIimn  in^  ilicplini  nl 
ili'.iwri'  in  ihe  sii||.  nl'  ilir  li,iii-.r  hi'i'i'ily  lariin;  tin'  I  tin-  ('liiiii'si'  ,'nliiiii'al  In  liaM'  s.-iilnis  i'iii;.iL;ril  In  w  nrk 
sli'i'  I.  ^np,.in'l  nil  ilii-  riii'^'ini,'  nl'  ,1  li..||  ami  Innk  the  i  Inrrliis  In  Maran.  .iml  llirii  sri/iii^  lluiii  ni'.ir  N.iimi.i 
lialu.  ili-i'riii  ili'p  isili',1.  iiiln  .i  imhii  wliiTi'  !i  inirsc  .'iml  I'lilliii;,'  nil'  llnir  Inails  Imlln'  ii-w.'iiil!  I''aiiry 
was  .-iKv  ay  s  w.iil  ill;;  willi  .i  lil.iiiki'l.  .\--  wi'  i-iilri'i'il.  ,  .-in  I'",iil;IisIi  ailiiiii.il  ^mnL,'u:ll"~  llm  In'ails  nl'  ir 
till"  niii'si's.  nii-li  «i(li  .1  iliiM  in  In'i'  .inn-,  ran  aw.iv  .  I'liciiiii's  in  iliis  rasinnii  !  'I'ln'  inins  nl'  tlir  Inn 
tViijliirm'.l  \\  0  ilil  iini  laki'  I  111' I'liil'li'i'ii  ill  niirai'iiis,  I  ilislrii'l  I'lixni'ii  iii:iii\  anrs.  .iiiij  ilir  «  nnili  i-  is.  aslln 
t'nr  I'l't'iain  sin  ill.  In  in;;  I'ras.ms  nt' lTI'i'iI  a.'tivily  'IMii'  i  tin'  was  st.irti'il  in  sn  many  pninls,  lli.il  ilm  wlinliiii\ 
rnnuis  ai'i'  I  iri;i'.  sun,'  nl'  lln'in  III  In  i  vvil  li  nMi-r  cliiMri'ii.  was  lint  ilcsli'nyi'il  W  r  saw  tin'  w.-ilK  w  In  in  tin'  l''ii  ii.  Ii 
ami  wi'  sjiw  tlifv  lia  I  liiliy  jiiiiipi'rs  i-vnii  in  t'liiiia  waslnl  tlirir  caiinnli  li;ills  ;  it  was  like  lirini;  tliriiiii;li  .-i 
rili'ii  wi'  li'I'l  llic  rnii:iiiliii;;s.  an  1  w.ilki'il  llii'nii'.;li  iiini-i'  pii'i'i'  nl"  innrliir  ;  llm  ti-iiipli'  was  piiri'ml  lliinin,'li  ami 
sli'i'i'is.  ,ivi"r  il  ii;-s|,im'-,-ai|.|  liricks.  Ill  111,'  siippi'i'y  wiili  llimn^li.  ■.niiipli'li'lv  liilillml.  'I'ln'  t'lnni'si'  rnlii'ls. 
till- I'nuslaiit  In'.ni  nl'  liii~y  I'l'i'l.  .iiiil  siw  sniiu'  triiipli's,  slalmmil  in  Iniililinys.  nvrii  wlirii'  tlm  walls  wiii- 
aini  p  irt  nl'llii' I'ily  w  lii.'li  w  IS  liii'iii  ij.iw  il  wlii'ii '111"  liii  I  wraki'st,  pastcil  p.ipir  nvrr  ilir  Imli  s  inaili'  liy  llin 
pi'l'i  il  li'.inps  lii'nvi'  ill'  ii'li  'Isniil  nl'  .'^li  in._r|iai  aiiil  mill'  I  l''n'i  It'll  naliiinii,  ami  liii'il  llirniiyli  lln-m.  .\  t  'iiiii|  any 
lii'i'i'il  ami  plniiili'ri'.l  ihi'  111  1/ 'lis  t  lii'y  r  inii'  li  I'rs.'in'.  nf  l''inml,  .Maiiiics  wrrn  iimwi'il  ilnw  n  li\  slml  liny 
Till'  I'l'lii'ls  wi'i'i'  111'  r  11  piiii,''s  iiii'ii.  lull  nii'inlii'i'-i  nl'  llu"  i  I'niilil  lint  lr;ii'i'. 
Trial  1  S.  •.  ii'l  \ .  — mn'  nl'  f  Iw  si'rr.'l  i'niispiiM,.i,'s  nl'  (Miiiia.    !        ^^  i'  am    nnw  iipnii  llir  I'm  ml.  a  lin.nl  rmliankiiii  nl  ; 

Tlii'y  I'aiiii'  in  jmiks  II'.  1  n  l'"n  k  rii  ami  l  '.iiilnn.iiml  I'nn^lil      nii  mn'  siiln  tin'  w  iiln  ii\i'r.  ami  mi  1 1 i  In  r  I  lir  Hi  nt;-, 

wi'll.  t'l'i'ipi 'illlv  111  ikiiiLj  siii'i  ic>.  an.|  ki'i'pim,'  up  a  ;,'nn  I  i;n  ijnwns,  nr  w.iii'lnnisrs  nl  llm  I'miiuii  iin'iili.iiils. 
tii,'lit,  :.''iil  nr  :>IH)  a!.'iiii-l  tli  ui-imU  nl'iju.  I  ..ipi'rialist.s  willi  tin'  Lrmat  t'liimsn  Cn^inin  llniisi'  in  rrniil  nl'  all 
riii'ir  li^'liw  liriii,'  ill  --kiiMn^iiin^  ni'il.'r,  tlii-ir  ri't.ri-.ils  j  (.<">'  p  iUT),  Il  is  ln'm  ilial  tlm  I'lnylisli.  l-'iiinli,  .-iml 
were  I'lirinusly  man. i'..;i'il  -  nui- v.iani^  u  lln\.- in  ml  ki'i'p-  .^iin'iii'aiis  jiay  nr  rli  rl  tlnir  nw  n  nlliii'is  In  rnllni 
in;;  mi  tin'  ri^Iil.  .imi  .-in  il  Imr  in  Mm'  nn  iln'  Iri'i  I'lisimns  i'nr  tin'  Kinpi  rm- i  T  (  liiiia.  ami  limni' SliaiiL;liai 
Tlii'st' nii'ii  kept  inniiii;  nn  larli  ll.ink.  I'l'  rnst  knpl  istln'nnly  pml  w  Inii' tli.' ilni  \  is  n  ally  rnllri'icil.  rMiy 
up  il  lii'i'  I'l'mn  thi'  i-i'iiln'  Tit,'  I  inpi'rialisis  w.-isinl  wIuti'  nksn  llii'  ('liim'sr  nlliiia,  liiiiiL;  luilu'il.  ami 
t  lii'ir  shut  mi  i  In'  I  >v.i  llaiik  ninii,  w  li  i  appnirml  ilarim^lv  I  In'  <  niM'rmiiciil.  clnaicil  m-.i  nl  liull'.  Kvi'rv  liniisn  mn  - 
at  intervals  wi\ii|.4  ilmir  lla'.;s.  Tin'  rrli,!  iiiiil'nrni  pln\  s  a  1,'a  lasli'r  ami  a  silk  luiyrr.  wlm  iii:.ki's  tlic  pur 
was  liki'  tli.it  nl'  til,'  ( iarilialili  vnlimti'i'i-s      rnl,  yi'llnw,  i  I'liascs  nn  liis    imliviilii.il    ji..|j;mriit  ;     aili  i~   a   rr;;iilar 

m-  Mill'  l'l.iil~i's  -line  i;amly     .ilnin's,  "nl  tuilmis,  m-  reil  -  lirnli',ssinii  nl    tselt,  ami  leipiiies  years  nl' si  mly.      S 

s  islns       .\ll    w.'i'e  I'leir  liaii-  in  a  I  nil    nu    ilieei-iuMi  nl'  lli   ir  assis:..iits  make  ill   ir  li'rtiiiie.s.     'I  lie  silai  ie>  nl 

nn  piL't  liis  I'luiiaii  Ian.  mie  nt'  ilie  leai.iin;  lii.'l's,  elerk  .  vary  trmii  .l'|."plt  In  l'.")IIO  peranniiiii-  tlie  lalier 
w.iie  sUnes.  st.iekiiiL,'s,  L;lines.  .ami  li.ints  nt'  l'ai;;lisli  pl'iee  I'nr  In  ink  keepers  nl  Inn;;  cxperieiiee.  '!  Iiese  vnnis 
la^liimi.  ami  liis  men  aiiiieil  with  miiskels.  Millies,  are  entirely  <'Xeliisi\t'  nl  Imiiselinlil  expenses,  w  liieli  art 
li  'I'se-pistnls.  ami  rev.ilv  rs.  Iiei.'.irilin,' rille  li.ills,  tliev  paiil  Uy  I  lie  linn,  .ilmnl  t' I -'  ii  liimilli  Iniiii;  allnweil, 
wnre  ilresses  ■  ailile  1  w  it  li  ll..>- silk.  Inr  tliev  saiil  tli.  I  w  liieli  u'ivi's  the  elerk  u;niiil  liMli;in.!;s.  a  ;;iiiiil  lalile,  ii 
while  ih'  l.all  hail  a  twi-t  in  it.  it  ean^'li'  n|  the  silk  ,  ennlie,  chair,  anil  liny  servant.  .Ml.seem  well  satislieil 
aii'l  la-teni'i|  it-ell' in  the  Lriniieiit,      liet   this  tlu'y  .saiil     imlecd. 

mily  liappeiinl  while  the  liall  was  revnU  jui; ;  at  a  Imii;  I  It  is  liy  tin  means  ilisMi;reealile  wnik  tn  rani;e 
^^^^^  !  over   the    ;;.irileiis.    liv    wliieli   all    the    w  iielinii.-es  are 

i  siirrniiinh'ii,  .iml  watch    the   t 'liiiiaineii    Inr    Innirs   pre 
'  Mil' Clian-i' liivi' 1.   :_■  .1.,  iiiiii>ti'n>il  iirsi'iiii' ii,<  a  I'liri' I'm  lev,  r     pi'rili;;     the     silk     Inr    ilispoi'timi.    ami     rattan,    mark, 
ami  iicui'.      rii'V   liav.     lUv  .  >  ..|i|iii.i'ii  lij.-i'iliiij-      t'rvir.      I'luy     ami     arrange     the     te.i    Inr    sliipiiieiil,— a     iimst     iii- 

Icrcstiii;;  sii;tit,- — ilniie  sn  rapiilU  ami  iiiLrcniniisly  at 
a  Irilliiii;  expense.  iie\er  inakiiiL;  a  mistake  in  ile- 
livoriiii;,  t'nr  '  ic  ileliMiinu  is  a  s  i.-ee^imi  nl  i  hecks, — 
first   at    the    il  nl  — then    at    the     i;alc, — ai'.iiii     .t    t.li( 


itvaril  till'  ili'li  us  nil  11-,.;  ili-easi',  (wliii'li  it  isl,  ami  euro  il  >-", 
all  oiiitiiii'iii  iliat  kill.,  tin  insi'i't.  In  skin  ilisoascs  tlii'v  an-  vii-y 
skillitl.  Tlii'»  rxtnnt  tei'lli  witlimil  liraniiii:  llieiii:  tiiit.  tliey 
liavi'  i^iiaiini'i-.ilili'  ,|iiiu'«iTio.s  in  tluMr  iiriu'lii,-,  iiini  I'liiniiiiiiiul 
''eliTii-om'.,!!.  ua'il:,ini'»  that  iii'iilrili?o  caili  ,'tli.:'. 


CHINA,  oooniN  china,  and  .iai-an. 


Ufl 


liiiijc   iMiiit, — r.licl   iHi«   tlicii    111    I  111'  s|ii|i,  n   yiiiali   stick 

It'll    liip  CMTV    I'Mckll^r.  ' 

'  l''i|-(' 1"  Out  \M'  ru-li,  I'm-  m  lin'  is  t'vi'rywlicri'  ii 
liiiilli'i'  111'  |il<'iisiii'.'iMr  rxrilrnirlil,  wlii'ii  mil  ill  yinir 
own  liiiiisi'  111'  yimi'  iii'i^^lilMiiir's.  Ilnw  will  tin'  ('liiiicsc 
iiiiiii:ii;r  it  (    lliii'  rciiiics  ;i  I'.ri'  i'ii;,'iiii',  (ii  li'^ul^ii'  l!l'.iiil- 

wiiiMJ,    ll Wiilci-  |l|'iii,'iiii,")  mimI  till-  iilil  iimli  willi  it, 

jiisl,  lis  Mill  wciiilil  M'l'  ill  ji'ii'i'l  >lii'i't.  Till' 'ruin  liiiii, 
II  ilniiii.  Ih'mIi'Ii  liy  IIh'  iiiiilit  wiili'lnTs,  is  liriinl  Imnl  ii'i 
inir  llir  111  iL;liliiiiiiliiiiiil,  Mini  I'Vi'ivoiir  nislirs  ii|)  with  a 
liin'ki'l,  mill  llii'ii'  lire  (iilis  mul  i  islmis  nl   wiiIit  |ini 

vlill'il  fur  111!'  |ilir|iiisi'  Ni'Xl  riillir  lln!  f»"'"''l  ~'"'' 
williiiiil,  llii'iii  till'  lliii'vi's  wiiiiM  i^iitr  till'  liiiiiMi',  mill 
|iiill  it  iliiwii,  iiiiil  riiri'V  iiw.'iy  .'vni  tin-  iiiiitri'iiils      Ilnw 

rviT,  lliiTi'  i^iii'S  till'  I f.  mill    nil    is  (iviT,  liiinit    up  ,is 

ijiiiiUy  as  a  1 1,1  ml  inn  cliiiir  ami  In  iiinnnw  it  will  lie  liiill' 
liiiiil  ii|i  iiLfaiii,  mill  ill  a  wn'k,  jiaiii nl  alVi'sli,  aiii| 
•liiliii  < 'liiiiamaii  si'IIIiil;  liis  wans,  aDil  liu'iiiii;^  nvci' 
liis  rash  as  luisk  as  rviT.  Tin'  Cliiiirsi'  liavi'  a  ri'^ulm' 
Kill'  lliii,'aili',  willi  i'ii};iiii'S  mul  iiiiirunii,  piiiil  I'lii-  liy 
till'  |iiiliiir,  ami  Innki'il  al'lrr  liy  tlir  Maynr  ami  Tnwii 
( 'ill  I  mil,  w  I  111  a  ri'  ii';;iilally  I'l  rtnl  in  (Miiiii'sc  wariliunli's, 
ami  aiT  miswi'ialili'  In  llii'  Stair  liir  tlir  t.axrs  ill  t.lii'ir 
ilistiiil,  ,is  ari'  alsn  all  tlic  Maynrs  nl'  tlii'  villiiifcs. 
Tliis  [irnvi's  tlial  till'  ili\  isinii  iutn  litimlrcils  anil 
titliinns  was  liy  iin  iiii'misa  Saxmi  nr  ( liTiiimi  iiivcii'.  11, 
MS  niii'  liistnriiins  tcarli  us. 

Let.  us  Ciller  tlic  Kan|iar.  nr  tlicatrc  nf  lilciaiy 
<'Xiuiiiiiatiniis,-    ill  sliiiit,,    tlic  "  liislitiilinii"  nl' tlic  city. 


'  iMiiiiiiliirtiirini.'  iiuliisli'v,  like  I'vi'ivlliiiit;  I'Isi'  in  '  ''iim,  is  in  a 

utiitf  III  ili'i'iiy,  niiit  \isi1iiy  ilri-liiiitii;  IViiiii  ilay  ti>  iV  ,.  .Mitiiy  iiii- 
)init:illt  srrl'i-ts  riillin  rtt'il  wit  li  it  ari'  I"-*!,  iill'l  llli'  niiiHt  .skilltll 
»iirl<iiii-ii  wmiM  iiiiw  lie  inrnp.ilili'  nl  prmluriii::  llii'  pi'rfi'Ct.ion  aii'l 
tiiiisli  Ml  imii'li  ntliniri'il  in  tin'  w<irKs  uf  pii^I  au'i''*.  'I'iii^  wmh  nut 
iiIhiivs  iIii'  I'nsc,  lial  il  ii  ri'l'iTililc  In  llic  ilis'ir^;iiiiisii!iciii  (if  all 
tliiiit»  iiiiiirr  Ilii'  Mniih'lin  ^;nvrinnii'nl.  In  lonni'i'  linii's  nil  ini- 
piilsr  vvas  irivcii  til  ^ji'tiins  ami  imlii^lfv.  An  AimIi  tr.ivi'liiT  in 
Oil'  ninili  cnitiiry  tcIN  ns  tliry  1  .nl,  cvi'ii  llii'ii,  iiiiii'  iiiilnslriat 
rvhiliilioiis.  " 'I'lic  ( 'Iiini'si',"  III'  Miys,  "arc  nl'  all  the  rrca- 
tnrcs  nf  lidil  tliiisc  wliii  liavc  must  skill  in  tlic  laiiil  in. 
all  llial  i-ciiiccnis  llic  ilcis  nl'  ili'sij^n  ami  laliricilinii,  ami  t'a 
I'viry  kiml  nl'  unrl-  ;  tlii'v  arc  rinl  in  Iliis  nspccl  snrpisscil  liy 
liny  iiiili  n.  In  Cliiiia,  »licii  a  niiiii  lias  inailc  aiiylliin;;  wliicli  ii< 
niic  else  wnulil  111' alilc  to  make,  lie  cairies  il  to  1  lie  rrnvcrmir, 
(leniamlin:;  a  reeninpciiM'  Inr  tlic  prii;_'ress  lie  Ins  nriile  in  the  art. 

'I'llf  i;n\rl'llnr  inilnciliatcly  nriicrs  llie    altirlc  In  lie    plaecil    lit    till' 

ilonr  nl  liis  palace,  ami  Ui'.  ps  il  llicre  t'nr  !i  yc.ir  ;  if  in  tlic  ennrM' 
nf  ihill  I  line  ii'i  line  llmls  II  fault  ill  it,  lie  rewai'ils  till- artist,  ami 
tiiKes  liim  inln  his  service;  h.it  if  any  real  ilclect  cm  he  pniiitcil 
iMiI  in  I  he  wnrk,  it  is  sent  hack,  anil  im  reivanl  ^ivcii  In  the  maker. 
One  ila\  a  \nnii^  iiiiin  liriiii;:lit  a  pieci- nf  siU  si  nil'.  1111  which 
was  reprcscnlcil  an  car  nf  enrn,  with  a  sparrnvv  pcrcliiii;;  nii  il. 
Nil  niic,  nil  si'ciiij;  it,  cniihl  ilniiht  that  it  was  a  real  c.ir  nf  enr  1. 
anil  thai  a  sparniw  was  leally  silting' mi  it.  riiesliiit  n'liiiiim'il 
I'nr  snmc  time  in  the  plai-c  nf  cxiiihitinii;  at  last  a  hnnipliicke'l 
iiiaii  came  ami  hi';;ali  tn  cril  ii'isc  t  he  perfnriiiancc.  lie  was  imnic- 
itialely  ailinittcil  tn  the  ^'iivcninr  nf  the  tnwii,  anil  the  artist  at 
llic  since  tiiiie  was  sent  till.  There  they  askcil  the  linm.niiichcil 
caviller  what  In'  hail  In  nlijcct  tn;  iiinl  liu  sail,  '  I'lvcrvhnilv 
I  :  ■"  1  '."cry  well  that  a  sparrmv  eniild  iint  perch  up  in  1111  ear  nf 
inrii  witlmnl  niakiii);  il  heiiil ;  iinw  the  artist  li.is  rcpre>cii  cil  it 
ipiitc  stiaii^ht,  ami  yet  he  has  slinwii  a  spairnw  prrelicil  iipnn  it.' 
'I'lie  nhscrvatinn  was  cnn>i(tcrc(l  jiisi,  ami  the  artist  rcceivcil  nn 
rcMiiril.  'I'll!'  piir|Kise  nf  the  I'himsc  in  all  this  is  In  exercise  the 
tah'iits  nf  the  artist,  ami  tn  fnrce  theiii  tn  retlccl  inalnrely  ii|»iii 
what  they  ninlertaiie,  ami  In  dcvnic  the  iitiiiosl  pnssililc  i'lirc  ti) 
the  wiirks  that  issue  frnni  their  liianls." 

'  'riiclitci'iiry  cxiiininalinns  ari',liki'cvi'rUhiii;;else,ileL'Ciicriiliiii,' 
anil  siiikiii);  1(1  decay.  'I'liey  Imvc  1111  Iniiucr  the  nmvc,  cnrrccl, 
impartial  character  lliat  was  ilmiiillc-s  iinprcsscil  mi  tlieiii  at  the 
time  nf  their  institiitinn.  The  cirriiptinn  lliiil  hpreails  cvcrv- 
where  ill  ('liiini    has  fminil   its   way  aninn;.'   Imih   examiners  ami 

exainiiicd.     'i'lic  rules  that  niii;hl  tn  1 l.si  rvcl   in   the  cxamiiia- 

tiniifi  urc  ijtrcinoly  slriii);cnt,  willi  a  view  in  pn  vcnl  any  kind  if 
I'rnud,  iinil  iliscovor  the  true   merit  nf   the  candniate;    hut    h\ 


TliiTc  tlicy  arc,  all  llic  st.iiil(iifsi'rianL,'i'il  at.  liing  tallies, 
mill  all  willi  tlii'ii'  |i.i|ic:'s.  ami  tin-  I  11  iiniii  is  tn  liavc 
till'  liinli.sf  linnnuis,  nml  In  sciAc  tin'  '•lali'  Is  it  sn, 
lines  till'  la'st  niaii  win  always  t  ami  is  the  licst  luaik- 
iiimi  till'  Ih'sI  tn  .scivc  tin-  Stale.  Sir  ,liiliii  Itnwriii^ 
savs  nil ;  Init  llie  |ircseiii  stmy  nl  ('liiiiii  ilnes  nut  fiwr 
ureal  ciiciiiirajjeineiit  tn  tlie  i''i||i|ii't  il  ne  system.  U  lull 
is  litis  ilisluilmiice  (  'A  eriip|icr  liacliclnr'  ilelectcil  ! 
Siiiiie  piiiii'  sclinlar  liiis  taken  llic  name  nl' a  rii'li  yniini^' 
iiiiiii  wliii  A  islies  In  pass,  ami  a  rival  lias  ileiiinim  eil  liim  ; 
we  ilii  llic  .same  siiiiictiines  at  iiirnwn  llniM- ( iiimils. 
I'lill  wliiil  ate  tliey  leiuliiii,'  mul  wriliii;;  iii'il  tiilkink; 
aliiiiil   (  Wliat  ill)  they  learn  (    ('Ininislry  (-   Nn     Miitli 

einatics  (  - -Nn.        I,i|i;ie/ Nn.        I  ,alii,'iiiii,'cs  (       Nu  :  — 

The  I'lmr  (llassie  linnks  ami  llie  live  iSnercil  linnk.s  ' 


cerlaiii  liniincial  inclhnds  thev  are  ncnlraliscd.  A  rich  iiiiiii  can 
always  lind  <ail  hcfnrcliimd  tie  siihiccls  prnpn-id  I'nr  Ihc  vaiiniis 
inipn-,ili'in  , ;  ;nid  what  is  wnis,-,  even  the  sitlli'at:es  nt'  theind^'c 
'ire  sdlil  to  tliil  highest  liiddcr.  Ity  the  liy,  ill  t'liina,  as  111 
l'aiL:liiiiil,  tiny  man,  hnwcvcr  i^nniiiiit,  is  pciteelly  at  lihcrty  In 
set  himself  lip  rs  11   schnnhnasier. 

■'   rhe  .Seclinii,  nr  fmir  linnks,  cnlllaills  1st,  the  "tlraial, sillily;" 

a  kind  nf  treatise  nii   pnlilics  and  innriils,  cnntpnseil  I'rniii   tli n- 

I  ciM*  text  nf  ('iinfncins  hy  inie  of  his  disciples,  and  the  f^riind 
principle  i  net  ileal  ed  in  it  is  sclf-inipinvi  ineiit .  'riierc  are  seven  pic 
eepts  and  ten  chapters  nf  ciaiiinciilary.  I'lidty,  the  *' Invincihlc 
Cclllre  ;  "  11  treatise  ui  the  ci  a  id  111  I  nl  w  isc  li  en  in  life,  edited  hy 
a  'lisciplc    nf   ( 'nilflleill'.,   llecnrdillL.'    tn    illsl  lint  inns    received    t'rnni 

niic  whn  was  nf   ihe  niimh'a    hiii.-ell.     'flic  sysii  ni  nf  ninirds  cnii 
laiiK'd  ill  ihislinnk  i,  hased  nil  till    prniei)i|e  that   virtue   is  iihinit 
lit  all  eipial  distance  frnm  iwn  ixlieiiics     an  hariiinniniis  centre, 
( 'hill;;  pi  1  Ileitis'  the  snlirec  nl  the  I  r  lie,  t )  c  hen  nil  fill,  in  id  the  ^ni  si  ! 
Ilrilly,  "  rhilnsnpliicd    Cnnvcr^atiiiiis  ;  '    a   cnlliclinn   nf  iiiaxims, 

and   rccnlleelinlisilf  (lis ir-es  nf  (  'nt.IlK  ills  with  hi?  pupils        aninli^' 

iiiaiiv  vt  ry  w  isc  I  hill:;'  ue  learn  th.t  II. e  pn  at  rmilin  ins  w;is  ;ih 
mill  111  his  ways  as  \\  isc  iiK -a  nsi.ally  ale  in  ^'i  iicral.  'Ihc  Ami  1,11  ns\l 
is  called,  iiitnrmiiii;  as  that  the  iniistir,  in  ilitrndncit^  his  uncsts, 
kept  his  arms  stretehed  niit  like  the  wind's  nf  a  liird  ;  that  he 
wniilil  never  eat  meat  that  was  nnl  nil  m  a  stiaipht  Iim  ;  tlmt  il 
the  scat  nil  which  he  used  tn  sit  ilnw  II  wa^  lint  rc^^nliirlv  placed  he 
niiiild  lint  lake  il  and  that  he  niailil  pnint  In  iiiitliiii|;  w  it  h  his 
liic.'crs.  nil  and  1  -1.  "  'Ihc  I  inknf  .\.iiiclns."  nr  Mcnj.-  iszc,  the 
Siicniles  111  the  I'lali  cf  ('nllliicins.  lie  In  ills,  k;i\  .,  a  ChiM'-e 
writer,  nil  tie  virtm  s  nf  dnmcslic  lite  and  II. c  nidi  ml  allairs ;  the 
ililtics  nf  siiperinrs,  finiil  Ihe  ^i.venien  tn  llic  inwisi  ina^'istratc; 
the  cares  iil  stndenls,  laliimrers,  trndcis,  iiiid  wnrkiiien;  thccaris 
(itllicpliysic.il  »i)  Id;  nl  the  Ik  livens  aid  ihc  caitli;  liiiils,  linh, 
heiisis,  iiiM'Cts,  and  IIom  i  is  ;  alsn  his  disi  niii-.i-cs  w.th  (.'rciit  men  ;  Ics 
iiislriieliiiii  In  hi.,  pii]>il  ;  iiiiil  his  cxpl..iiiilioiis  nl  hnnks  eniiiaincil 
llierciii. 

.■\flcr  tlicKccnnie  "'Ihe  I'lvc  SiiiTed  llnnk8,'''ir"  Kind's."  "Tl.c 
Ihink  nf  t'liaiipes"  an  ni.ii.ti  llipdite  trcalise  nil  hivinatii.ns, 
fniinileil  nn  enmhin.itiniis  nl  III  lints,  fniintl  in  atiatiiscs  hack,  hy 
I'mi-hi,  the  fniindcr  nf  ('hii.cse  t  i\  ili/iitinn  ('(i;iliiciiis  eililcd  the 
hunk,  hilt  iiiaile  it  no  casici  tn  f-ninptclicitti  and  I  Ifill  treatises  in 
explanatinii  nt  it  that  are  in  the  Inipiiiid  hhriiiy  tu'Vc  niily  iiiaile 
tlii'inatl,'r  wnrsc.  2iiilly,  *' 'Ihc  ll'tik  nt  llisinry  ;  "  the  Hpccchc^ 
nf  the  Knipcri  rs   nf  the  tlill'iTcnl   dvnaslii  s,  as  liir  iis  ihc  eitrhih 

eeiiiiiry  helnr ir  era     preciniis   d.  t  iiinents  In  rhincsc  hi^lnrieal 

wrilcri.  ;irilly.  The  "  llnnk  (if  Snni.'s  ;"  „  ci  lleelimi,  »U„  nf  lla. 
v\  isc  ( ■iinfiiciiis,  nf  iiat  nral  ami '"  i  nicial  "  sniies  finni  I  heciphtcciilh 
■11  till'  third  trciitnry  hefnie  ntir  tin  nf  sniiic  use  as  repiinls 
anciciil  itianncrs.  Itlily.  'Ihc  "llnnk  nl  liitcs;"  l'rin;inciits  nt 
lessiiiis  ill  ftitpiette  and  jinUli  Hess,  ."iliily.  'Ihc  "  Itiink  of  SpliliL^ 
iiiid  Aiitninn;"  S'l  cnliltcd  a-  liaviiiL:  1 1  en  cnn  nitncetl  in  the 
I'nrnicr  sea-nii,  hy  ('iinl'iicius,  inn'  linishctl  in  the  latter — a  kind 
nf  cniititry  liistnry  nf  the  lililc  kiii'.iliini  in  wl  ich  lint  jricat  iiaiii 
was  hnrn     a  rcenrd  an  I  a  pielni f  aiielenl  ciisli.n.s. 

The  I'hiipi  rnr  call  Hilly  clmnsc  his  eivil  au'inls  Ireiii  the  let  ten  d 
class.  Kvcry  Ciiiiic-e  in  ty  prc-cnl  himself  In  he  ex  .iiiiiictl  I'nr  the 
third  litii'iiry  ilc^rrce,  iitid  liavili;,'  altailied  Ill's  iniiy  1  cenliic  cal.ili 
dale  I'nr  Ihc  secnnd,  which  npeiis  In  him  nflicial  cm  piny  incut .  'I  hcte 
arc  nn  mihilily  except  the  cnipcinr's  rclat  niis  whn  wciir  ycllnw 
^'irdlcs,  lint  tin  military  inandaritis  (jive  Ihiinsclves  ^reat  iiirs. 
The  cnrpnraliiin  nf  lettered  iicii  1  iiiis'itiilc  a  frivile^cd  class. 
The  niitnls'r  nf  haehclnrs  (ihc  thirl  de;:ice  nf  litMalnrc)  is  very 
1  nn.-:deralilc ;  lint,  I'lr  want  nl  rcsi  .  ices,  pcciiniitiy  as  well  ns 
iiili  lli.'liial,  llierc    ire  very  tc«    w  im  uliaiii   In  the  higher  decrees 


w^ 


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j  I' 


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it: 

i     !: 

■J 

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1  , 
1  ■■ 

1  •■ 

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i 


ll 

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.     1 

|:! 

V 


14A 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


Forty  niilos  from  Sliiin,!,'liai,  uii  tlir  miin  Ian,],  twfU-.- 
miles  from  tlii;  sra-liorc.  :iimI  iip  tlic  liv.T  Viiir'  is 
NiiiKlx.,  a  i;ity  of  3.)U,UU0  iuhabitants.     Its  grcator 


Mtapic  liriiiij  timlicr,  it  has  a  lur^^c  coiivoying  and  c)\r- 
ryiii;,'  tiiidf.  Sii  iiit'i'stcil  is  tin-  coast  with  piracy,  that 
the   6,000  junks   botweeu    here   uud    Foo-rhow  pay 


**.  .  - - 


\        _    -~.'^^^.-    ■*.-■-     '  /■"" '^^^^    ,^^1?^^^£*5^'^- 


A  CHINESE   TRAVELING  WHEELBARROW. 


£70,000  animally  for  cnnvoy  money,  nm).  in  many 
instances,  the  pinitrs  tliciii-ilvcs  s.ifi'ly  I'oiivoy,  or 
hftrgiiin  fur  siilf  conduct.     The   boat-hriiige  at  Niiigpo, 


where  two  fine  rivers  join,  ;s  a  reniarkabh)  structure. 
Tiic  piles  WW  simply  l]niits  mooreil  at  i'i(iial  distances, 
and  on  ihcsc  the  upper  wooden  work  of  the  l)ridge  ii- 


THE  GREAT  WALL  OF   CHINA. 

built,  so  that  th(>  whole  risos  and  falls  with  the  tide;  :  city  is  surrouiulnd  with   hish  w.alls,  and  contains  thro 
by    this    means   there    is   sutlicient    room    und<'r    the     fine  streets.     There  is  a  tine   j)a,i,'oda,  the  "  Temple  ot 
bridge  to  allow  fisliing  and  pa.ssige  boats  to  pa.ss.     The    the    Heavenly    Winds."     Tlie   winter  here  is  severe, 


wliiili  fit  llinii  for  ]iut)lii'  iirtices.  Tliosr  who  r\rc'  in  iM<y  circnm-  iiiay  be  seen  in  pvory  villnpp  — for  iinwlieri'  is  primnry  eduratioo 
Rtiiiiccs,  liowi'viT.  limy  ;it  liiist  I'lijoy  tin'  iiicoiniiiiralilc  Impplncss  so  niiirli  iMimuin^i'd  ivs  in  Clima  — a  salary,  for  n  sohoolmastcr, 
of  sci'iiin  a  pit  liall  in  tlieir  caps.  They  aro  fond  of  pulilic  ciTi'-  lieini;  siip]>li('il  hv  foundation  of  land.  Otlii'r<  liiToinc  subaltern 
nionials,  paradis,  and  asscinlilifs  in  wliic'i  they  may  display  their  oHieiTs  in  the  trilmnals;  others  men'  alvontnriTS,  living  in  various 
pretensions.  I*oor  literarv  jjraduates,  who  have  no  puldic  otfiee,  ways  im  the  pulilie.  La'.vsnits  are  a  irrand  resource  for  tbein. 
form  in  the  empire  a  elass  apart.  To  oeenpy  themselves  with  i  They  foini'iit  disputes,  and  assist  for  small  remunenitioii  in  settling 
industry,  eominerce,  or  a;;rienltnre  would  he  much  beneath  their  i  them.  Ihey  are  the  ai^ents  of  seeret  societies,  and  the  af^itntors 
Jiiinily.     Sometimes  they   become    schoolmasters,  one  of  whom     in  time  of  revolutiim,  by  pnK'lainiitions,  placards,  ,ind  paniphleti. 


1 


«i  tlmt  tho  clothoR  in  tho  ithnpH  ari<  si'cii  liiit'd  with 
HkiiiH  Tlicy  hiivd  no  fires,  Imt  |iut  on  hkhi'  clutlics  as 
tliu  cold  iiici'('i\iM.'H  ;  Hci  that  tho  uii|ir<'liii;;  of  a  Niii;;|io- 
nian  on  a  waiin  day  issonu'thitifjlikc  tiiiil  of  tlio  gnivu- 
•liKK'''"  '"  llainh't;  tlu!  ladies,  tiowever,  carry  litth' 
hnwH  liaskets  of  cliarcoal.  There  are  exei'ilent  silk 
hIio|)S  and  wareliouses,  anil  hea'itiful  enilifnideit'd  floods 
— aprons, sliawls  work-liar's,  itc,  ninileii|i  in  tho  Kn^'iish 
style, ci>tton-|iriiiting  inthuniost  sini|il"  hluok  rorni,rii|ie- 
inaking,  from  the  palm  and  Cliineso  hemp;  euriosity- 
Bhops  and  shops  for  furniliire,  all  of  Chinese  form,  with 
presses  of  inlaid  work,  illiistratin<;  the  manners  and 
iiistoms  of  tho  people,  aliinnid.'  The  hanks  here  are 
fireat  estalilishments  and  larjrely  cnniieeted  throni;hiiiit 
I  ho  country;  in  faet  it  is  to  this  plnee  that  tho  weiillii 
iest  Cliineso  morehants  seiMii  to  retire.  The  gardens  of 
the  Mandarins  are  v(»ry  pretty  and  nniipie,  and  aro 
celehrated  for  their  dwarf  trees.  Sonii!  of  these  are 
only  a  fow  inehes  hiij'i,  yet  preservo  all  tho  ehiiri.,(;t4'r- 
isiic  of  tho  largo  trees.  'J'his  is  done  liy  f,'''''"''"iii  ''Y 
eiinlining  tho  roots,  withhulding  water,  lii'ndinjj  the 
liranchos,  and  other  ways.  They  twist  the  niiiin  stern 
in  a  zigzag  form,  whieh  cheeks  the  How  of  the  sap  and 
eneouriijestlK^  growth  of  liranehe.s;  thi'V  ne.xt  starve  tho 
Ireo  with  a  little  soil  only,  and  harely  wat<r  enoiiyh  to 
keep  it  alive.  The  strong  growing  shoots  aro  also  nippeil 
I  If,  until  iiutiiro  at  huit  lieeomes  exhansteil  and  makes 
no  further  ell'ort.  From  Niiig|io,  wo  sailed  down  the 
Ynng  and  over  to  Chii.san,  whence  wo  ag.iin  stavtoil 
I'nr  tho  uppermost  northern  district  of  tho  Gvdf  of 
I'ocheli.i' 


'  It  ouglit  not  to  lie  oniitteil  tint  Nin)f|)o  in  CL'lebrnli'il  for 
1  living  protliiceU  sonic  of  tlic  ulilcHt  Hclinhirs  in  Chiiiii ;  niiil  iiiiiiil'- 
Inns  triuin|iliiil  iirclit's,  in  lioniiar  of  tliose  of  litT  guns  who  Imvu 
ntrriutl  olf  tlie  lii^'liuiit  lioiiiiurii  iit  coiiipolitivc  cxinniniitioim,  Hpun 
lliu  priliL'ipiil  strui'ts.  'I'lie  l)o<ilt-sho|>K  of  NiiiKP"  nru  woitliy  of 
itD  liiRli  litorary  repututioii  j  anil  iniU'cil  tlie  hliops  of  I'vcry  ilc- 
i.uriptioM  aru  Hiipi'riorto  tlioso  iit  any  oilier  of  tin-  poit.s.  At  tliiit 
piipulurly  known  lu  K  rlniini  iinil  Masons',  vxipiisitu  ton  »iii  liu 
i>ip|H.Hl,  while  viirioMg  liiflieate  conserves  aru  liuiiiluil  rounil,  and 
pipi'S  of  niihl  lob  iceo  lire  smolifil  iit  iiilirvals. 

'  We  oiijjht  iiol  to  ipiit  Ninf;|i()  without  one  inemoiiiil — ■ 
onethin;^to  in  ike  it  reineinlHii't'il  with  nil  it»  lii'iiiitv,  its  tMili', 
1111(1  its  t;reiitiie-».  "At  NiiiL'P'i  "  »:i.v.s  Mr.  Win^frovc  t'oolo,  "  1 
mw  in  the  hoiisfliolil  of  .Mrs.  .Mrllowiiii,  the  laily  of  .Mr.  Midowan, 
the  Anierieun  Miilicil  .MuMionaiy,  n  ymiiii;  ^irl  with  large  fwt 
and  a  cheerful  aspect,  doiiii;  duly  ua  a  nursery  niiiid.  This  girl 
hud  been  resiiied  lioni  dealli  by  Btarvaii'iii.  Mrs.  McOow.in  told 
luc  that  it  WHS  by  no  imaiis  an  uiicoiuihoii  circumstaiK^e  to  tinil, 
under  the  walls,  lnHlies  of  iiifiints  halfd  'voiireil  hy  do^'s.  A  very 
shocking  incident  of  this  kind  had  wviiined  a  few  weeks  b.  fore. 
One  night  the  little  uirl,  whom  I  have  already  nii'iitioned. 
came  up  to  Mrs.  Mcliowun,  and  told  her  thnt  she  iKard  the 
grunting  of  dogs  and  the  faint  cry  of  a  child  just  outside  the 
garden  gate.  'I'he  lieiievolent  lady  iiiiincdintely  arose,  and,  goiiii; 
forth  with  a  lauteru  and  Home  of  the  house  cooliis,  was  ipiickly 
guided  to  the  spot.  It  was  a  dreadful  spectacle.  An  iiifaiil, 
\vnip]ie<l  in  a  course  cloth,  was  gurroiiiidcd  by  a  pack  of  puiiiih 
cIogB,  who  were  tearing  at  the  cloth  and  u  ready  guiiwiug  the 
llcsh.  The  Iniby  was  still  nlivu.  While  the  men  heat  olf  tlic  dogs, 
Mrs.  MeOowuu  took  the  little  creature  in  her  arms  and  ran  ivilh 
it  to  the  house.  It  was  too  late.  The  B(|uaHd  tiny  thing  opened  its 
eyes  and  Bceuied  totry  to  cling  to  her,  and,  as  she  iiimgined,  sinilcd 
u|N>n  her,  and  died."  Wewill  also  let  Mr.  Wiugrove  Cimi.c  tell  the 
story  of  the  Itaby  Tower  of  Shanghai.  Wi^  confess  wo  had  hoped 
to  have  thought  otherwise  of  it  than  we  did  until  we  saw  it,  and 
then — "Tell  me,  Vice■l^lllslll  llaivey,  what  inciins  that  more 
tliim  usual  )ie:  tileiitial  steam  which  seems  to  radiate  from  that 
decaying  pepp ir  Imx-slmptHl  tower."    "That  is  tho  Huby  Tower." 

"  Tho r'"  I  said  inquiringly.     "  The   Hahy  Tower.      Look 

through  that  rent  in  the  stone-work — not  too  close,  or  tho  stream 
III  efHuvia  may  kill  you.  You  see  a  miaiiid  of  wisps  of  baiiilHsi- 
slraw.  It  seems  to  move,  but  it  is  only  the  crawling  of  the 
worms.      Somutluies   a    tiny    leg   or    arm,   or  ■   little   tleshless 


CniNA,  COCHIN  CHINA,   AND  JAPAN.  147 

XI.— TIKN-TSIN,      rHK  CITY  OP  FEUCITV." 

KlioM  tho  Amherst  ISoeks  that  lio  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Yalig-tse-kiang  river,  we  iiiiide  ii  run  of  .'itiO  niiloH, 
overwatersreiidenilsliallowliy  lliedi'i  itsof  the  Velio  w 
Itiver— soon  to  lie  I, mil  won  fnnii  tlie  sea  hy  Chinese 
industry, —  until  wo  riuiiided  i^hiii  tiing  pniiit,  the 
nearest  extremity  of  the  (iiilf  of  I'e  che  ii,  iiinl  entered 
the  Yellow  Sea,  after  ii  run  of  (iOO  miles.  Theeoldiiesi 
iif  the  atmosphere  told  ns  now  that  we  were  advam-ing 
into  higher  latitudes  .\fter  iiuinding  the  C.ipeue 
passed  tho  hai'lioiir  of  Chii  I'mi  and  the  large  walled 
town  of  Tang  chilli,  oni- of  tho  ]iorts  to  he  opnied  liy 
the  new  treaty,  thus  giving  us  the  trade  of  t  le  (Uilf. 
I'nteriiig  into  the  ( !iilf  tliinugh  ii  luiiritr,  ns  it  were,  of 
small  islands,  the  Miatiio — witliin  whii  h,  iind  all  up  tin; 
liay  to  tho  entraiiee  of  tho  I'eilio  river,  are  to  lie  seen 
junks  in  myriads,  hearing  corn  as  trilmle  to  feed  the 
capital — uu  our  left  lies  the  delieimis  ju'ovinee  of 
Shaii-tuug,  the  native  eountry  of  Confueiiis,  with 
lofty  mountains  iiinl  wooded  valleys,  in  a  long  pii  tii- 
resipie  |ianiirania.  This  province  alone,  not  larger 
than  EiigLind,  Siotland,  and  Wales,  contains  thirty 
millions  of  inhiihitant.s.  It  was  the  si.xth  day  from  our 
departure  liefore  wo  entered  the  mouth  of  the  I'eilni 
river,  at  the  top  of  tho  (iiilf,  past  the  Takii  Forts,  that 
have  caused  so  much  ciimiiiotinn  in  tho  world,  and  tire 
so  utterly  iiiiformiila'ile,  except  for  the  mud  all  alioiit 
them.  Tlience  we  scri^wcd  up  forty  miles  of  twisting 
river,  through  mud  villages,  fleets  of  junks  in  mud 
docks,  lietween  iiiud  hanks,  to  Tieii-tsin,  or  the  "City 
of  Felicity,"  which  we  were  very  liappy  to  see. 

Tho  first  aspect  of  Tieii-tsin,  as  approached  from  tlio 
east,  is  most  reinarkahlo.  Knormons  stacks  of  .salt, 
luimhering  from  two  to  three  hundred,  lino  the  hanks 
of  the  river  for  some  hundreds  of  yards  helow  the  town. 
These  stacks  vary  in  length  from  two  ii.indred  to  six 
hundred  feet,  and  averag<!  aliout  a  hiindred  in  hroadth  ; 
they  are  twenty  or  thirty  feet  in  height,  sliii|icd  like 
tho  rounded  top  of  a  carrier's  waggou,  a.id  iMivered  with 
matting  or  thatched  with  millet  straw — the  salt  lieiiig 
stacked  in  hags.  Passing  these,  a  liridge  of  hoats  is 
attained,  which  connects  one  of  tho  suhiirhs  with  the 
city. 

The  river  flows  between  banks  ton  or  twelve  feet 
liigli,  and  den.sely  ]iopulated ;  tho  mud  houses  are 
Jiaeked  closely  on  either  side,  and  their  oeeiipants  still 
more  coiii|iiictly.  A  long  straight  reach  extends  from 
helow  the  bridge  of  boats  to  the  jmiiit  of  the  junction 
of  tho  river  and  the  grand  canal,  which  outers  the  I'ei- 
lio at  right  angles  from  tho  southward,  and  here  termi- 
iiate.<  its  extended  course  of  about  0(10  mile-s. 

Not  far  from  this  point  is  a  ])ictiiresipie  lino  of  build 
ings,  abreast  of  which  the  allied  Admirals  were  moored 
(.<««  ]).  153).  Their  fragile  and  somewhat  faiitiustieal 
construction  suggested  the  notion  of  a  summer  jialace. 
The  allied  emb.issies  were  infornied  that  lus  such  it  had, 
in  fact,  served  the  emjieror,    K ion-lung,  in  honour  of 


Inme  protrudes  from  the  straw.  The  Tower  is  not  so  full 
now  IIS  I  have  seen  it ;  tliey  must  have  cleared  it  out  recently." 
"  Is  this  a  cemetery,  or  a  slaiigliter-house  ?  "  "  The  Chinese  say 
it  is  only  atoiuli.  Colfius  are  de.ir,  and  the  peasantry  are  poor. 
When  a  child  dies  the  parents  wrap  it  round  with  bamlmo,  throw 
it  in  lit  that  window  and  all  is  done.  When  the  tower  is  full  the 
proper  authorities  burn  the  heap,  and  spriiad  the  ashes  over  tho 
lund."  Then  .;  no  Inipiiry — no  check.  The  parent  has  iiowcr  ta 
kill  or  save.  This  Ilalivtnwer  is  a  teirlhle  institiilion.  Itstandu 
there,  close  to  the  walls  i.f  a  crowded  C'ly — an  intrasivo  iuvitatioii 
to  infuntici  du. 


Il 


II 


il 


I 
I 

lil 
I 


I!" 


■' 


J  ':    ,  I    a 


i 


UH 


ALT-   ROUND  TUB  WORM). 


vvliicli  lia|i|iy  cvtMit  it.  liml  Imtm  iiivi'--liMl  liy  liiipcriiil 
|iiitcnl  «nli  till'  lillcM)!' " 'I'lic 'ri'iii|j|i' 111' Sii|ii'i'iiii'  l''fli 
ii(y,"  uiiili'i'  wliiili  iiiis|iiriiMis  ili'>iL(iiii(iuii  it  was  now 
aliipiit  til  Hiivi- MS  llnir  iiliii'li'.  'I'liry  tii  iml,  wlicii  tlicv 
stiiMil  willlill  till'  w.iIIh  wllirli  I'licliiM'il  tlli<il' I'llllll'i.'  I'l'si- 
ili'iiri',  lliiil  it  Win  lint  lii'liiil  li.v  ilTXli'liial  iis|nM't.  As 
is  :{i'|ii'imIIv  till'  I'lisii  ill  (Jliiii.i,  il  si'ivnl  tiiti  iliiiiliji' 
|iiii'|iiisi-  III'  II  ti'iii|ilr  mill  II   |ialai'i>,  tliiiii<{li   il    liad    imt 

1 11  lioiiiiiii'nl  willi  till'  liiini'l'ial  {iri'si'iiri!  siriri' tliii  L'lil- 

jii'i'iii'  K  it'll  liiii^' liail  liiuiju  it   liis  li'iii|iiil'ai'y  iilimli'. 

(Jpim  till'  ti>|i  of  tlii^  wall,  wli'i'li  was  Diily  si'|)iii'iitt!il 
t'i'om  til'!  iii'^'i'  111"  till!  I'ivi'f  Imiik  liy  a  iian-uw  |iitliway, 
With  two  lal'^d  ii|iartliiriits  nt'  lii^lit  ami  giai'rl'iil  rnii- 
striic'tjim,  sili'iDiiiiiiril  liy  viTainialis,  cliilnpi-ali'ly  rarvcil, 
ill  wliii'li  ili'|iiMiili'il  iiiiiiistiT  liini  iaiiti'i'iis,  i{aiiilily 
|iaiiitiil,  as  Ii'aiis|iai'i'iit  as  i,'i'iiiiiiil  ljIiiss,  luiil  ili'i'iifati'd 
with  iiiiiiiiiii'i'alilii  tassi'U  iiiiij  sl!l<i'ii  l.aii;jiii<,'s.  Tlu; 
Cliiiii'si'  liavi' I'ai'iii'il  till!  ai't  nf  liiUriratiiii;  tlii'su  lari- 
ti'i'iis  111  1,'i'i'al  |ii!rti'i'tiiiii.  'I'll  'v  rn'-,t  sul'tni  tlm  Imni 
liy  till!  a|i|ili(Mtiiiii  iil'ii  liii,'li  il '^ii' '  lit'  iinist  lii'at,  ami 
tlii'ii  cxti'inl  it  into  tliiii  la  iiiiia!  iit'  any  s|ia|ii',  ritliur 
llal  or  '^'loliiihif.  Till!  wills  of  tlii'si!  ronins  wim'ij  com 
{I  Ki'il  of  jiajii'i'  |iasti'il  ii|i  111  tilt!  wiiiiili'ii  trellis  work  : 
till'  sliiliiig  paiii'ls  iniii  wliicli  it  wis  iliviili'il  svrri!  niaili' 
111  answer  the  |)nr|i'ise  of  win  lows.  \Vheii  they  were 
shut,  Il  iwever,  the  |ii|i,'r  wad  no  triiis|i  ireut  that  there 
was  jileiily  of  li^lit,  a'l  I  on  a  siiniiv  ihiy  the  ijlare  was 
iiii|ileasant.  'I'lieso  two  liuililin;;!!  were  thirty  or  ti  rty 
yar.ls  iipart,  ami  u  iriii'cteil  liy  ii  veranil  ih  wlii"li  run 
alnii!,'  till!  top  of  the  wall,  ami  tei-iiiin  itt'il  in  twi.  (jnaiiit 
little  kiosks,  their  niiliirneil  ro  it's  sii|i|ii)rleil  liy  cirveil 
[iiists.  riiese  a|i 111 iiients  were  a[i|iro|iriat<!il  hy  lianm 
(ti'iisainl  Noril  Kl.;in  ;  that  iK'i'ii|ileil  liy  the  litter  lieiiig 
jii'i'i'lii'il  ii|iiin  an  arlilieial  inoiiii'l  laiil  oi:t  in  true  Olii- 
Mfse  taste,  ami  asremleil  liy  steps  nf  orii  iineiital  rook- 
w.irk.  Overliaii'.iiii:^  til"  river,  they  eoimii'.'ml  an  ex- 
tensive ami  ever  iiileie-itiii^  vii!W  ;  lielow  tt.,oni,  a  iln/.eii 
Kii'.;lish  ainl  l''remh  i;  in  hoits,  sDiue  of  theiii  immreil 
within  pleasiint  eoiiversitional  ilistanee,  iinoirlel  a  si- 
tisl'aetiiry  sense  ofs'i'irilv  t.o  the  pi^ilii):i  [Sro  (t.  l.Vf.) 
Xnt  11  sini^li!  native  erafi,  e.xeept  an  oeashHiMl  fc'.-iy 
lii»:it,  rippleil  the  siirfioe  of  the  stream  or  repos.'il  iijuii 
its  waters. 

'riu!/«/*.!(f((i/«(/ of  the  two  mi.ssions  wereaeeomiiloilate  I 
in  the  temphiamlother  liiiiiilin;.;s,  alleneloseil  within  o.ie 
iiiiterwall;  ii partition  wall. however.iliviile.l  tin;  Kiij^lish 
from  their  allies.  The  I  itter  oeeiipieil  i  numlier  of  ile 
t  leheil  suminei'-hoiises.  ilotteil  alimit  a  ^allien.  As  to 
t!ie  meniliers  of  the  Knulish  em'i  issv,  they  e.stalilished 
themselves  in  the  iiimnst  reeosses  of  the  temple,  their 
lii'ilrniiins  fiirnisheil  with  saereil  jiiu;s  ainl  In-oii/.e.s,  in 
wliieh  smonlilereil  eternal  tire  (until  they  eanie  ami 
alloweil  it  til  yo  out),  llieir  sliimliers  pre<iileil  over  liy 
;;iim  ileiti'es  wiih  i!mirMiiius  stomaehs,  or  in  iny-armeil 
i^iiilile.sses,  with  heails  encireleil  in  a  lilaze  nf  ;;iilileii,  or 
rather  lira.ss,  llime.  The  perlnme  of  ineeiise  still  eliini^ 
to  til  '.se  .s;ierei|  purlieus.  >rueli  ami  devoutly  did 
they  wish  it  ha  1  lieen  the  only  mloiir  to  wliieh  their 
nostrils  were  snlijeeteil  ! 

Servants  with  a  white  limine,  emlilem  of  an  armistiee, 
attai^hed  to  their  coats,  waited  iissidiioiisly  upon  them, 
perpitiially  jire.sentini;  them  with  little  ciijis  of  t(!a  ; 
imleeil,  for  the  lirst  few  days,  a  man  was  always  walkinj^ 
aliiiutwiiha  tea-pot  ready  at  the  short(!,st  notice  to 
refresli  the  thirsty  soul.  'J'lie  tables  with  which 
they  were  supplied  were  solidly  conslructed  and  well 
carved,  sipiare  in  shape,  as  (,'liiiie.se  laMes  always  are; 
u  red  cloth,  elaborately  embruiilered,  served  as  a  table- 


elolli.  and  falliiii{  to  the  ifrniiml  in  fnint,  coneenled  tlm 
le:{s  of  the  table.  The  liiyh  liaeked,  lllieiimfoltable 
chairs  were  similarly  decoialed,  K"l'Kt'""'*  emui^fh  to 
look  upon,  but  very  disa^freeu'le  t-i  Use  Smiie  eleelid 
their  inosipiito  curtains  over  .sipiare  wiioden  olloinaiis, 
others  slept  uiimi  a  brick  platform,  j^ciierally  ii.-ed  in 
(Jliiiia,  and  which,  in  cold  ueathei,  is  healed  by  tires 
from  bciiealh,  after  the  niinner  of  an  oven,  iiii  nn 
healthy  style  nf  bed  place  at  all  liiiics,  fur  ill  suinnicr 
the  damp  is  apt  to  strike  tlirnu;!li  the  biicks.  iiliil  in 
winter  they  are  iint  dry.  but  heated,  ii  Mini  biikin>{ 
process  which  niiist  be  more  or  less  |ireimliciiil 

]n  tl'iiiit  of  the  temple  was  ii  sipiare  eonrtyiiril. 
|iartially  shadi'd  by  the  spieiidiiif;  urns  of  an  old  (ice; 
the  Kii;;lish.  hnwetiTy  thmii^lit  iialnre  leipiind  a  little 
■|issistanee,  so  the  whole  I'oiirt  wius  nailed  in,  which 
greatly  added  to  the  pictnieMilie  ellecl.  Iiliil  Wii.s  nf 
practical  |i  ility  in  redmin;;  the  li  rnpi  nil  lire.  A 
raised  t\i'.^  ]ia.ssaj;e  iiilcrx'cicd  this  cmiit.  and  on  eiuli 
side  nf  it  was  a  (piailil  little  kin.-k,  the  rnof  sepii 
rated  by  fnur  carved  |iill,iis,  abn  elidiniiitely  laiM'd. 
brilliantly  cnlmired,  ami  Miriiionnted  vith  drupiiis' 
heads,  rampant  tisli,  and  other  de\  ices.  In  eiie  of 
these  a  marble  slab  was  creeled  Mrtically  n|iin  nii 
elevated  plat!iirni.  and  was  covered  villi  (  hiin  m' cliii- 
laeters,  allei;  d  to  have  been  tliiced  by  tie  liiiil  nf  the 
Kmpi'i'or  Kieii  Inn^,  iind  to  einbnily  ii  lii^di  iiioial 
sent  inieiit 

The  biiildini;  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  e<  iirtyiinl 
was  formed  into  the  j;iiiiid-linuse,  the  giiiiid  liein;; 
usually  toinpoM'd  nf  cngiiieci's  iinil  liiiu  ii.cs,  iiikI  niiiin 
tiinini,'  n])Wii.rds  of  ii  linmlicd  ni>  li  Attadud  In  this 
biildiiij;  were  the  sel  viiiil.s'  elliits,  iiiiil  behind  tlidii 
stables.  The  establishment  \,as  thus  very  c(ini]ilete  , 
and  it  was  not  witlmiit  a  lieliiii;  nf  rej^'it  t  that  tlie_\  miw 
it  dismaiillcil,  ]ii'epiiriitoiy  to  its  ic-tniatinn  for  the 
rites  of  J'a'^anism,  when,  ailir  lia\iiif;  oci  njiied  it  lor 
upwards  of  a  ninnth,  they  hnktil  li)  i  n  il  lei  the  last 
time. 

As  to  the  Hnssian  and  American  Kiid  assies,  they 
had  .some  dillienlty  in  crectinij  ii  house  on  sl.oie;  the 
pro|irietiir  (dniibtlcss  ii  j;oiiil  deal  Jinzzhd  as  tn  the 
relations  of  liiii,dit  hihI  ri;.lit  in  his  view  nl  the  slate  (if 
matters  j;iiieially,)  in;  de  a  novel  |  ii  1 1  i-itii  n,  in  the 
shape  (if  all  nller  nf  C,(IIKI  dnlli  i-s  if  th.y  Wntilil  nut  rent 
it.  This,  hnwever,  was  dei  lined,  the  dillii'iilty  sonie- 
hnw  or  other  oven'ome,  and  a  hai;d.snnie  rent  for  the 
short  space  of  one  inniilh  was  iillimately  prcs.sed  iijini. 
the  reluctant  owner.  'J'n  jmlije  Irnni  tin  appcaiaiKe  nf 
the  mansion,  he  was  a  rich  man.  Mr.  Ifced  lived  in 
II  clnrmini;  retreat,  with  a  l.cxaiitine  air  iibont  it  ;  a 
courlyaril  with  tlowers  iiml  Iniiiitains,  iilid  |iiinds  full 
nf  gold  lish.  wa.s  surrounded  by  cool  airy  apartments 
with  |)iiper  walls,  and  verandahs  and  balconies  over- 
hani;ing  the  river.  C'imnt  I'nntiatine  lived  next  dnnr 
— a  strip  of  interveiiinj,'  building  which  was  imjireijna- 
ble  from  witlmut,  and  ennseerated  to  the  use  of  the 
female  portion  of  the  Chinese  owner's  establi.slmient, 
alone  separating  him  from  his  eolleagtie.  Iliis  resi- 
dence was  on  the  right  bink  nf  the  river,  iiiid  within 
view  of  the  yamnn  of  th(!  Allies,  thnugli  distant  from 
it  about  half  a  mile.  I'.rt!  long  the  flags  nf  the  fnur 
respective  nations,  waving  proudly  in  the  breeze,  sigiii- 
tied  to  the  (.'hiiiese  wiirld  nf  Tientsin  the  distinctive 
abodes  of  the  chiefs  of  the  four  barbarian  hordes  who 
had  thus  boldly  located  themselves  in  their  city. 

In  a  country  which  abounded  with  horses  and  roada, 
it  was  not  to  be  supposed  that  persons  of  mi  exploratory 


CniNA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


H» 


tcnilciicy  were  to  Ik-  Hiitindi'd  willi  iicclcstriim  rMiir 
i-iiiliH  ;  )li«  iiM'liilicrH  (ifllir  ('lrllp||.•■^<_v,  tlicicliil'f,  s<  lit  in  ii 
i'i'i|iiiNiliiiii  for  II  ni'tiiin  niiinl  r  nt  htri  lU,  iiml,  iiltcr 
Miiiif  ilcliiv,  were  fiitni-liril  with  wiml  ii|i|i<iiii'(l  llir 
sciiiii  111'  llie  utiililr.s  ci(  Tien  tsin.  'I'Ium'  were  imlij;- 
n;intly  rijcrlt'il,  miil  tliiv  nllinuitily  nlitniniil  six  \iv\ 
irs|p('i'tjililt'  |iniii(M,  mill  .six  M'ly  nnniiiil'oit.iliji'  CliiiicM' 
sMililli'K,  very  liiu'il  iiml  nn^'nliir,  anil  i^innislicil  witli 
I'XicnMivc  (liii|nTv,  ami  an  iiukwiinl  Imlslcr  .--liiiiiril 
|ii'iitiiliri'aiii'i'  in  troiit.  TotliiM'  nninMlli  cniitiiviinco, 
liiiWrviT,  tliry  ullini;il''ly  liirmiir  iirilistiiliiiil,  lillil  tliry 
liMil  iiiinnlily  ixiilmiil  tlic  conntiy  riiiinl  'I'im-tsin 
witliin  II  railiiiH  nf  nliont  six  Inilcs  Irtmi'  tliry  Irl't  it. 
Ohi'  (lay  llir  iiiriiilirr.s  nf  tin'  (•ll|llll^^y  wcic  iniikili;; 
trial  (if  tlitir  )iiinirs  ami  uf  tlii'  rmiil  to  i'l  kin  lor  lli^' 
(MNt  lime,  wlicn  a  cmiiyr,  [irKrilcil  liy  a  rloml  of  (lust, 
imiicatcd  tlic  ii|i|iroacli  of  mhhc  fiiiiinl  |i('r.soiiaj,'cs. 
I'riscntly  a|i|i('ai((l  riiiiiKis  h  itli  roil.s  of  (illicit,  coric- 
s|Hini|iii;;  with  javelin  liieli  ;  tlie.se  eleiire(l  tli((  way  anil 
force(|  tlie  |ieii|ple  to  tlie  rifilit  ami  left  ;  tlicli  followeij 
two  stately  eliaiis,  eaeli  lioiiie  liy  ei;,'lit  stalwart  liearer.s, 
eoiitaininfj  two  of  tlie  most  elevated  (li>.'iiitarie.s  in  the 
realm.  'I'lio  common  |ieo|il(!  at  onct'  liroiii^dit  tliem- 
stdve.s  up  to  tliu  atlitmle  "  atlentioii,"  the  hamls  Ijiiiij,' 
|ii-essed  on  th(!  oiilsiile  of  li  i  iii;;li,  and  the  ImkIn 
tiiaintained  ereet  iind  motionless.  i  hey  could  s(ar((ly 
iM;ik(!  out  till!  features  of  th(!  inmates  throll^di  the 
-mail  window  of  the  fhair.  aei  s  .hiili  was  stnteliid 
line  gauze,  Init  thoiiyh  in  .ill  ]iroKiiliilily  the\'  were 
(he  lir.st  liarliiirialis  tin'  ('liines(!  ollielals  had  ever  K't 
eyes  n|ion,  tin  y  gazed  with  all  the  iiii|ieitiirlpaliility  of 
(.'himse  dignity  ini|ia.ssi\ely  in  front  of  thom,  theii 
(diinleiiance.s  manifested  iieilhrr  curiosity,  alarm,  .siir- 
|iri.HC,  or  any  emotii'ii  whatever. 

Immediately  liehind  was  a  deime  and  dusty  crowd 
of  f(p(ptnien  and  iKPisemcn,  evidently  coming  oil'  a 
journey,  and  though  many  of  them  were  liiimi.soniely 
a|pparelle(l,  and  were  doulitless  otlieials  of  .sipme  rank, 
they  looked  wpprnaiid  t'avel  stained.  A  iiiiiiilier  of  excel- 
lent, well  liuilt,covere  .liaggai;e  Waggons,  drawn  liy  four 
or  .six  large  fat  mules,  cip|ii|'leteil  tlie  |procession,  wliiih 
wa.s  evidently  one  iiipt  of  (lis|p|ay  hut  of  serious  eiiiiiest. 
In  C(pntem]p|ating  the  |pip|pulaliipii  ipf  Tien  tsin  wiili  a 
|practically  ciPiumercial  eye,  the  |iriplileni  is  not  whether 
they  want  clothes,  litit  whether  they  hav(^  money 
eiKPUgh  to  Ipuy  them.  Ajiipcaraiiees  certainly  fully 
lior<!  out  every  ( 'hiiicsc  merehalit's  a.ssertion  as  to  the 
]p(pverty  of  the  town.  In  no  part  of  the  world  can  he 
witiics.sed  a  more  sijualid,  disea.sed  pippulation  than 
that  which  .seems  rather  to  infest  than  inhalpit  the 
sulairhs  of  the  city.  Filth,  nakeilnes.s,  and  disease  arc 
their  prevailing  eliaracteristies.  When  tla^  omha.ssies 
were  there,  the  lia.iks  of  the  river  .swarmed  with  men 
who  lived  entirely  on  the  garliage  and  otral  that 
was  flung  from  the  ships,  or  swept  up  hy  the  tide 
from  th(!  city.  There  was  an  eddy  just  in  front  of  the 
uiiiiun,  in  which  dead  cats,  A'c  ,  u.scd  to  gynite,  and 
into  which  stark  naked  tigtircs  were  con.stantly  ]iluiiging, 
in  search  of  son. o  delicate  uior.sel.  Their  clothing  gene- 
rally consists  of  a  piece  of  mat  or  tattered  sacking, 
which  the}'  wear,  not  riaind  their  waist,  but  thrown 
negligently  over  their  shoulders  :  it  is  ditlicult  to  divine 
for  what  pur|iosc,  as  decency  is  ignored,  and,  in  the 
month  of  June,  warmth  is  not  a  desideratum.  Cuta- 
neous diseases  of  the  most  loathsome  cjiaracter  meet  the 
eye  in  the  course  of  the  shortest  walk;  and  ohjects  so 
frightftil  that  their  vitality  seems  a  mockery  of 
exl<itence,  shocks  the  coarsest  sensibilities. 


I'poii  MMiiil  oeiasions  you  might  see  .si'ine  wretched 
Niillii'er  dying  iit  his  )>ost  ot  liiendicalii  v.  One  old 
woman,  noticed  ly  llio.-e  lonm  eted  with  the  embassy, 
in  particular,  used  to  lie  niniiiiili  ss  on  a  iiiiit,  in  the 
centre  ol  the  loiid,  a  disea.si  d  .-Kelelon.  Shi  liiid  just 
stnngth  enough  to  elulilial  eush  that  was  (lung  to 
her.  One  day  this  slniiglh  .sei  n.id  to  liii\e  laili  d  :  on 
lonking  eloper,  siie  was  loiilid  to  be  (lend.  A  lew  hours 
afti  r.  her  place  knew  jar  no  niore  :  she  had  bei  n 
(iirried  away,  and  east  ii|  i  ti  it  dung  laap!  Jiiding  in 
the  outskirts  of  the  city  one  da},  a  niiin  was  seen 
eairyiiig  another  on  hisbiak.  At  fust  it  was  tin. tight 
that  tlie  biirdi  n  was  a  (oipM';  but  on  iip|iroa'.liiiig 
nearer,  a  ciitain  llexibility  ot  tin  h  gs,  iis  they  trailed 
in  the  dust  biliind,  showdl  that  this  was  one  of  the 
city  KiiM  iigi  IS  who  jiiow  1  the.-t  Kits  for  dying  beggars, 
and  when  they  Iind  one  inwiiin  lite  is  aliiiost  (  xtiiiet, 
they  biar  liini  oil'  to  f-oli.e  .'iil.iibiin  Aicldiilna,  and 
fling  him  fnin  tl  eir  shonlders,  ii  jn  mature  liast  for 
crows  and  miIiuks.  ('(iiainly.  if  the  iiiiiiginiitii  n  of 
the  (  hiiianian  w  ho  nniiied  I  his  ( ily  Ti(  iilsin  (■  I  eii\(  idy 
felicity")  (oiild  foini  no  higher  idiii  of  nii  al  ode  o|  bliss, 
it  is  dillicuil  to  coineive  what  must  have  lien  his 
notion  of  the  ojiposite  extiitiie. 

As  if  in  ironical  allusion  to  the  niisiiy  whiih  the 
li\iiig  sdin  to  endi.re,  alnio^t  ll  e  oi,l_\  putts  ^]  ots 
near  Tientsin  ore  the  burial  jilaiis.'  'liny  are  t.iiiily 
the  only  lociilitiis  Iniioiirtd  with  tnis.  and  ci  i  sisl 
gineially  of  a  Mpinre,  with  an  nit  a  ol  nl  i  at  a  (juniti  r 
■.fun  inre,  indisdl  by  a  n  ml  bin  k  and  diti  h.  so  as  to 
jri.-ent  exactly  the  i.]  jiiaiaMc  ofa^nllll  laithwoik 
or  tiiliia.  ]inh  iiiiiibd'  of  a  fin  il\  who  ujois 
w  it  hill  this  ilnliMiie  is  placed  bun  at  h  i.  ((  nieal  nn.uinl 
(f  (iiitli,  al  out  the  si?e  and  i-haj  e  ol  a  I  ell  lint.  A 
tliiik  glove  of  ti((s,  gdni'ally  willow  and  cypress, 
Mini  .inds  tlie  ( 1  III  It  1}  .id  giMs  a  tool  and  relushing 
i.spect  to  tin  1  lite.  One  ol  tlicfc  but  iidi  hues  is  ol 
so  gicat  an  (  xte.'it,  tii.d  cditaiind  Ki  niai.y  giiiMs,  that 
the  nil  mbcrs  of  the  (  n.bassy  win  n  In  re  acttially  avoidid 
it  for  some  (lavs,  let  ling  eel  tain  that  it  was  an  in- 
lienehed  (amp,  as  tiny  had  Imird  of  tl.e  existi me  of 
ei.e  in  the  neiglil  i  niln  i  d.  1  he  Kid  ciinp  tlnv  dis- 
covered It  lew  (lays  alter,  fu  m  the  Min.niit  ol  a  >ji(c!es 
of  martello  tower,  to  the  toji  ol  whiih  tin}  climbid 
for  ]iiir|iose  of  ins]ii  etii.n. 

The  yiimnii  of  the  ]'jigli.-li  was  !-ittiat((l  (.ii  a  ]  (iiin- 
snla,  fiiliied  by  a  (!(( ji  Ik  nd  ot  tl.i  ii\er,  whii  li  doubldl 
back  so  lis  all!  est  to  (onveit  it  into  an  islnnd.  l'|.oii 
OIK!  .side  of  it,  the  n  ud  hon.'^es  of  the  .'■ubiiili  wiie 
built  a^jaiiist  the  }iininn  vail,  I  nt  to  the  left  and  rear 
were  giinhn.s,  Katter(  d  liouses,  and  waste  land.  'J  In! 
engineers  (iccu]ii((l  a  t(  ni]ile  v\  ithin  nti.'-ket  shot,  and 
next  door  to  tlniii,  '(ascine  Fiaucais, '  jaintcd  in 
large  vshite  letter.s,  iidicated  the  (|niiit(is  of  the 
'■  INIarine  P'rainai.se."  .hist  jucvioiis  to  tin  ir  (h  ]  aitiire, 
there  was  an  allied  loice  of  nearly  six  hiiinlKd  men 
(jiiartered  in  dilltrent  buildings  uj  on  this  litth    j  cnin- 


'  The  cnantrv  Is  covorctl  with  priivcs,  nml  in  lin  ay  jilaccs 
nlx.ut  Sliiiiipliiii  till'  nidins  iirc  i.]ifn1y  cxiin.'cil  in  'I'l'  lii  Ids.  lla'J 
lire  even  kept  in  tlw  liuiisi's  (llic  cntlins  liciiip  ct'  n  pri  ul  tliii  \  •  ■n,' 
ii!i(l  lilUil  witli  i|iii(kl'iiu)  till  a  I  rnpitimis  (liiy  inr.vcs  li.r  tl  e 
luiriiil.  Mtaii')  is  Mivcil  mill  iml  liy  tii  jinu'iiro  ii.liins.  AtniviHir 
tills  111,  "  I  9IIW,  in  a  little  cnttiipi' Iiiar  Sliiiiiglmi,  an  olil  nil.- 
wiMoil  ci.ftin  ill  tlip  cnriii  i  ;  I  a>liiil  a  y  \\v\:  luil  wliy  it  was 
tlii'ip?  lie  quietly  pnintnl  wi'li  liis  tliunili  nvir  liis  slioiilili  r  to  liis 
jminilniiithiT,  utaiiding  ilni'i'  l.y,  and  snid  it  was  for  lici  !  She 
»as  vi'ry  old,  and  WHS  iieKrly  wiarinj;  out  the  coffin  before  elie 
was  put  into  it." 


:,1    ■'! 


■ill' 


la! 


180  ALL  ROUND 

sulti,  wliicli  was  capaWo  of  bcini;  rciulprt'il  defensible, 
if  iiei.<'ss:ii'v,  liy  ati  ciirtliwiirk  thrown  across  tlio  narrow 
istliniiis,  so  tliat  tliey  were  fortunate  liolli  in  respect  to 
the  aei'oninioilaiioii  anil  locale  of  their  |iosition. 

I'assinj.;  the  isihmiis,  and  riiliiii,'  paiallel  to  tin- 
(Jraiid  (/'anal,  a  lii-iil:;e  of  Imats  is  sni.n  reaehed,  which 
tlio  I'ekin  roid  crosses  to  the  city  ;  turMJiii;  sharp  to 
th(?  ri>;ht,  tliis  roid  soon  emerges  from  the  sul)iirl),  and 
crossing  two  eani' ■,  trilmtary  to  the  IViho,  by  sub- 
stantial l>ridi;i's,  oi.,;  of  wliich  is  ornamented  with  a 
hanilsomo  bdustrado  of  carved  niirble,  reaches  the 
Wenho,  or  salt  river,  a  little  al>ove  its  junction  with 
the  I'ciho  It  is  conveyed  across  this  important  stream 
by  a  bridge!  of  boats,  ami  traversing  the  peninsida 
formeil  by  the  two,  follows  the  right  l)ank  of  the  IVilio  i 
for  ius  many  miles  as  our  explorations  at  that  time 
extended. 

The  farthest  point  wo  ■•eached  was  the  largo  village 
of  IVtsang,'  about  seven  miles  from  Tien-tsin  hy  the 
road,  and  interesting  as  the  point  at  which  Mr.  XVard, 
the  Anu^rican  Knvoy,  and  his  suite,  struck  the  I'eiho 
on  tlieir  way  to  Pekin,  from  which,  according  to  report, 
it  is  not  above  forty-tive  mil.'s  distant  in  a  straight 
line.  The  country  tlirough  which  wo  pa.ssed  im'.sentod 
all  tlie  appe  u-anco  of  being  .suliject  to  annual  inunda- 
tions ;  <li'ep  ditches  iutersecte  1  it  in  various  directions, 
or  the  purpose  of  carrying  otf  the  water  ;  and  the 
Pekin  road  was  r.iisod  tiftcen  or  twenty  feet  above  its 
level,  the  snnll  country  roails  wdiich  crossed  it  being 
all  bridge  I  over.  Tli<!  high  roid  w.is  pavcil  in  places, 
and  about  twenty  feet  in  lireidlli.  The  vill.iges  which 
dotted  tin.'  luiilscai)e  in  every  direction  were  also  built 
up  )n  riis '(l  mounds,  which  com|ilcied  their  resem- 
jiance  to  the  mud  towns  of  Kgypt. 

During  the  lirst  portion  of  our  stay  at  Tien-t-sin,  the 
flit  country  exti^nding  between  the  (band  Canal  and 
the  Peiho  w.is  one  vast  field  of  ripi'uing  wheat,  far  as 
eye  could  reach  ;  and,  uninterrupti'd  by  fence  or  en- 
closure, till' yellow  e  irn  rose  and  fell  to  the  breeze  in 
gently  rolling  waves.  Dotted  over  its  surfice,  the 
mists  and  sails  of  numerous  junks  are  visilde,  looking 
;is  though  lliey  tr.iversed  a  goMen  .sea.  Thev  are  na- 
\igating  the  mill  )r  c.inals  On  an  unusually  clear  day, 
we  distinguished  tin'  irregular  outline  of  .some  far-off 
hills  in  till'  dun  distance.  Winding  through  this  fertile 
plain,  the  courses  of  the  (iraiid  (,'aiial  and  the  Peiho 
are  mirkoi  liy  the  gnves  of  trees  which  .idorn  their 
bulks,  and  suiroand  ancestral  graves.  Some  of  the 
villages  also  rejoiee  in  clumps  of  trees,  lint  generally 
they  lo{)k  like  brown  patchi's,  stuck  upon  a  green 
ground. 

Kre  we  left  Pieii  tsiii,  tlie  aspect  of  the  country 
was  entirely  changed,  for  the  harvest  was  over.  Most 
of  the  (^orn  was  cut  with  the  sickle,  liut  grain  of  cert .i in 
descriptions  was  plucked  out  by  tin'  luots;  then  it  wa-s 
colK'eti'd  into  the  thrashiiig-grouinls.  to  be  tr.inipled  out 
by  o.ici'n.  .-iiid  winnowed  upon  breezy  days,  when  carts, 
conce.ile  1  liy  nioiintains  of  straw,  and  dr.iwn  liy  mixed 
teams  of  hoises.  miili's,  and  oxen,  cre.iked  heavily  over 
the  soft  land,  and  gle.iners  .siallered  themselves  far  and 
wide  through  the  fields,  and  the  whole  popul.-ition  Wius 
out  in  the  blight  sunshine,  looking  chcirtiil  and  happy 
as  tliey  gathered  in  the  blessed  fruits  of  their  labour 
and  toil.  In  the  mellow  hour  of  evening,  when  the 
whole  western  sky  v  as  a  blaze  of  red,  and  the  sun  waa 


'  'I'ln"  scene  of  tlie  first  victory  in  tlie  lute  iiivojioii  of  Cliiiia  tiy 
the  Kiigliiili  iiii>l  Kri'iii'li  tmceB. 


TUB   WORLD. 

bathed  in  the  glowing  reflection  of  it«  fiery  tints,  it 
wius  plea.sant  to  ridi-  among  the  reapers  of  Tien-tsin, 
and  forget,  in  the  picture  of  content  and  jilenty  before 
them,  the  objects  we  had  just  witnesseil  of  misery 
and  star\;ition. 

Although  the  country  round  Tien-tsin  is  a  dead  le\  il, 
it  is  not  destitute  of  variety.      If  the  Pekin  road  leads 
through  nothing  but  acorn-field,  that  wdiicli  follows  the 
banks  of  the  (Irainl  C'anal,  in  a  Bontherly  direction,  con 
ducts  you  for  mites  between  kitchen-gardens  so  exipii- 
sitely  tended   that,   in  this  respect  .it   all   events,    the 
environs  of  Tientsin  are  a  pattern  to  tho.se  of  London. 
Fences  of  the   neatest  and    most  tasteful  construction 
enclose  little  areas  of  ground,  irrigattil  by  a  network  of 
minute  eanals,divided  into  beds.dcvoidiifweed  or  pebbli', 
tJreens  of  every  description,    gourds,   egL;-planls,   leeks 
and  onion.s,  sweet  potatcpcs,  lieaiis  and  pe.is.  are  planted 
out  and  manured,   or  triiiied.  as  the  case  may  be,  with 
the  utmost  care.     Inteispersi  d  with  the  kit   henganleiis 
are   vineyards,   orchards,  .ind  fruit  garden^,   coiitaiiiiiig 
apricots,  apples  ami  pears,  of  a  coar.se  di'scriptioii,  and 
vines  trained  in  trellices  a.s  in  the  north  of  Italy.    'I  his 
is  one  of  the  pleasantest  rides,  as  it  is  for  the  most  p;iit 
shailed    liy  trees,    and   the  windings  of  the  canal,  with 
'  the  river-life  upon  it,  adil  to  its  picturesipie  interest. 
It  is  an  inimcnse  relief  in  all  onr  rural  rambles,  not  to 
be  stifled   at  every   turn   with   the  filthy  mannie-con 
'  trivances  of  the  south.     In  this  respect  the  Inirtic  iiltiiic 
and  agriculture  of  the  north  are  carrieil  on  under  much 
plea.santer    conditions.       Kxplorations     in    a    wi'sterly 
direction    were   iiniiiteresting  ;   the  country   is    an    iiii 
inense  graveyard—  not    a  collection  of  private  cemete- 
ries, such  lis  lire  seen  upon  the  banks  of  the  Peiho  ami 
tb'and  Canal,  but  a  plain,  crowded  with  conical  tnmiili. 
destitute    of  grass  or  trees,   and   extensiM'   enoiigli   to 
have  eontaini'd  the  whole  defniict  po|iulation  ofTien  tsin. 
since  the  original  founding  of  that  "heavenly  spot." 
i       A  very  considerable  sii I  nrb,  connected  with  the  city 
by  a  bridge  of  boats,  is  situated  upon   the  opposite  side 
of  the  Peiho.      Piussing  thiongh  it  is  a  singular  pieci' of 
landscape.    Here  are  salt-iiaiis.  with  the  salt  stacked  in 
large  tumuli,  like  giiiantii-  graves        Intei'sper.sed  with 
them    are    small    tiiniuli    and  deep   pits;    ami  ponds  ol 
water,  with    narrow    ridges    between  I  hem  ;  and   more 
salt  stmked  in  bags,  and  roofed   in   with   millet  straw  : 
and  huge  stacks   of  wheat    straw   I'ollecti'd  for  jiiirposcs 
of  fuel  ;  and  mud  huts,  like  lri:li  cabins  of  tic  meaiu'st 
description,  enclosed    liy  fences  of  millet  straw,  which 
is  thick  and  strong  enough  for  the  ]inipose;  and  tlnre 
are  luick-kilns,  which   look   like  circular  torts,  ami    a 
circular  fiat  which  looks  like  a  brirk-kiln.     Altogeiher 
it   is   the    oddest  collection   of   big   nioumls   and   little 
moiiinls,  .111(1  heaps,  and  .stacks,  and  pits,  and   stagnant 
ponds,  and  hovel.s,  and  forts,  and  brick-kilns,  and  fences, 
and  waste  land,    that  can  be   easily  im,'>gined.      \  high 
;  road    Iciils    tlironi;h    it,    and    into   a   close,    |iopiiloiis 
village   beyond,    and    out   of  that   into  the   illimitabli' 
stepjie.     Then-   was   no  waving  corn   here  ;  a  weakly 
!  vetch  and    unhealtliy  looking  young  jilanfs  of  Indian 
corn  were  struggling  to  inaintain  a  miseiiible existence, 
in  a  soil  so  thin  and    tiiable,  that  the  united  efforts  of 
two  men  and  a  donkey  or  two   ilonkevs  were  siiflicient 
to  drag  a  plough  through   it.        It  seems  to   lieofipiilc 
another  character  from  that  ipii  tin'  right  bank  of  the 
river.      IJeyond   the    vetch  fii'ld.'-.   the  ste|ipe    produces 
nothing  but  a  .short  dry  grass,   across   which  we  could 
si^ain]ier  in  every  direction,  witli  the  chance  of  puttiiii,' 
I  up  u  hare,   and  riding   after  him   across  the   country. 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CmNA,   AND  JAPAN. 


It  ri'iniiids  lis  of  some  parts  of  tlio  stc|i|)t's  of  Soutlicrn 


i; 


U^si:l.        SollU'tlllU'S     till'   IllOllotl'IlV    ot   ItllS  SCCIll'   IS   nil 


bv 


It  living  oii{ 


liii'L't 


Willi 


siinii'tiiiifs  11   cloud  <if  iliist 
1 


il   lM'tok<'ii  tlic  iiiiproiic'li   of  I'oiiiitry  laris,   aiul  a 
siiccos.-iioii   of   liin,'<'    cicakiii;,'   vehicles  woiilil    roll  |past, 


t  lllc 


ilcd  with  fi 


ami 


Irawii  \ty  a  iiiixcd  tram  ;   soine- 
l  t\ 


[1  hoi'8c.  a  poiiv.  a  mule,  a  iloiikev,  and  two  oxen 


111  one  <'art. 


1 

All  ox  and  the  lioise  served  as  wlieeleis 


1  the 


front  of  them  were  the  olhei'  ox, 


111 

I'oiiy. 

dignity. 


the  111 


d  tl 


iliilo    tlie    donkey    leads    the    way  in    .solitary 


Tii'ii-tsiii  itself,  at  the  time,  presented  iiotliint;  re- 
liv(dy    allies    ferreted    ruit    .-omo 


•kahl 


mar 


earieatiire.";  tlieic 


on 


hut 
th( 


One  represi'iitcd  an  Knjilisli  otlicer 
hor.sehaek,  with   a   while  imilirella   and  a  ci<'.ir   in 


have   seen,   that   the    Tartai-s   eiitored   I'ckiii,  ami 
Imperial  family  was  ma.s.sncrcd. 

On  leaving  'ricn-tsin,  we  resolved,  het'ore  quitting 
the  gulf  of  I'e-ehe-li,  (o  make  an  excursion  to  this  (ireat 
\\'all  of  China,  which  was  .said  to  have  its  origin  on  the 
coast  at  the  entrance  of  the  (iulf  of  l.ea-tMng.  ^Ve 
accordingly  <'mharked  at  seven  in  the  morning  on 
hoard  the  steamer.  The  ohject  of  our  search  was  saitl 
to  he  only  .some  thirty  or  forty  leagues  distant :  hut 
evening  came,  and  land  was  only  visihle  in  the  horizmi, 
so  wo  were  ohliged  to  <'onn'  to  am  lior   in  the  open  sea. 


Tl 


le  next  mornin 


.!,'•   1 


lowevcr.  we    lie 


ired    the  coast,  and 


vere  .soon  eiiahled  to  make  out  the  (Ireat  \\all,   which 


I'l 


ited    tl 


ippearaiic 


seen    Iroin    the  si'a,  of  a 


succession    ot    lowers    and    cm  tains    rising     i|i  from    a 
his   month.      His  hat  ami  drc.ss  were;   iircsislihiy    ludi-     |iagoila,    which    cuiistitntes    the    .starting  pi. inl    on    the 


is.      Another    depicted    a     grotesipiely 


ei<-hant  exidiaiiging  a   hag  of  money  lor  a  hedgehog,     he   jiossihly  imai'ined  ;     a 


The  scene  was  the  must    ]iictureMpn'  that    lan 


tl 


le    coast,   a    va 


In  a  coinineivial 
Tieii-tsin  will,  if 
I  resent  a  marvel 


4   pi 


lint  of  \  icw   we   may  remark    that  |  extends,  covered  with   pasture   and   a  hixniiant  vcgela- 


d  to  the  commerce  of  the  West,  j  tioii,     with    numerous     villa 


Ills  market  for  I'.iiiish   m.nnifactnres 
I'l-i'with   to  clothe  all   the  hordes  ofTarlarv,   Init   it 


hhile  III 


iig<'' 


lho.M< 


111     trees. 


d,  lottv  mountain^    rose  one  ahove  anothi 


le  rockv  and 


rill    atfoni    litth 
ihnmlant. 


111    exchange 


lui> 


vliicli 


prceipiloiis,     olliers  clai 


1  with    trees  tl 


goiHl,  ami  cneai). 


W'l 


here  enahled  to  corrohorate 


highh 


V  im- 


portant fact;   that  is,  the  deslriictioii   of  the   Imperial  .  stretched  across    wiindci 
t'aiial    hv    the    Hoods    of    the     \'ello\ 


iver,     wlileli. 


their  very  summits,  ami  amidst  all,  the  (!ieat  W'M 
issuing  forth  from  the  sea.  with  alternating  pagodas 
and  hastiolis,  clolidi  uji  the  siiepe.-t  .acclix  it ies,  iind 
and  |iri  cipitous  i  rests  alike, 
on    (he   ( 'hiiiesc  side,  are  the 


At  thi^   foot  i>f  the  W'l 


driving  the  great  annual 


i|ilies 


if  lice  and    other     white   tents   of   two  camps  of   'I  ai  lar  horseim  n.   whi 


necessities    to   navigile    from   the    Vang  tsekiang    hy     steeds  are  ipiietly  |iastnring  in  the  lields  aioiiiid. 


(he  (lulf  of  I'e  ehe  li.  places  the  capital  at  the  mi'ii'V  i 


On  the  side    of   Ch 


iiiv    Kiiropcan   iiower 


W'l 


tl 


HIS  ili.M'overei 


the      mere  i 


aithwoik 


the  (;i,„l   Willi 
d     with    halllemciils   ,if  hrick. 


ik    jioiiit    of    the    Colossus, 


ai  d   hiok 


I'll  down 


forget    it. 
'ply   of  gr 


In    t.ict,    the   point 
ain    hv    the    .sca-hoi 


d    Hngland    will    not     hut   in  a    very  dila|iidated   riiulii 
ilready  hit,  ami  the     in  |)lace.s.      On  the  side  of  Alaiiti  j.uiia.  on  the  contrary, 


■d 


lieing  en 


toll'  from     the  (Jreat   Wall  is  liiced  with  I  lii  ks  reposiii'' on  a  foun 


I'ckiii,  that  eity 
Cie.it    Itritain, 


lit 


ernatr.t' 


liet 


ween 


ir    starvatmn  :    lor    even 


cc  with     dation   of  .stone.       '1 1 
lid    the     towers   at    the    dislam 


W; 


i: 


nperor  at  any  time  cany  out  hn 


thre 


it  aiiil  retire  to     anotlier,    so 


that    t 


•\'     IW( 


le    cm  ni\   sla 


1" 
jirolectid    hy 


siiiiare 


u\<\ 


iw  shuts    troll] 
I 


ilwavs  I  I'  within 


.Moiikdeii,  his  fiirll 


ipital  in   .Maiitchuria,   it 


he    t 


lid 


n   ilepo.sc    llliusc 


If- 


as  UK!  millions 


mid. 


none  the 


]<■ 


if   I" 

,d 


;in     jettie.s,  and  the  water    i 


It 
1  till 


ilesccliils     Hit 


till 


.■■ea    in    two 


larved   into  surrender,   and     anchor  at  a 


dist 


ilecp  that    large    shi[  t 


II  his  ahsenei^  (../"liiiia 


lid   till 


nice  ol  a  c(iu]i|e  i.C  nllle^ 


go  on  without  its  Tartar  Hiii[n 


■a'.'ii  to   he  abli^   to  Our    party     landed,    and     had   an    iiiteni 


i\v    witli   a 


manilariu.    w  Im    was    nioiiii 
d 


ted 


I  accompanieil    liy    two   muuntcil   efhci  i 


on    a  Willie 
fVii 


II 


ll\  llli,'    ex- 


XII.— TIIK  CitKAT  WA!,L  OK  CHINA. 


lained  to  hi 


1111    the    pacific  olijccts  ut  our  \\-\{.  he  gave 


Hk  who  should 


till 


lis   permissinii    to    lam 


Till 


1  weM  r.    was   not   so 


(owei-s  erected  on  the  Imperial  road,  through  the  grea 


sc  of  certain   liigh   si|uaie     easily  accomplished    when    |ii  rmi>-ii  ii  w;  s   Liiaiited,  tor 


t     tl 


le  sea  ran  veiv 


ill    from    I'ekiii     ti 
that   tlicv  served 


•lis  I' 


-ton-li 


told     the  shi 


higl 


I,  ami   till 


lad  to  lie  III 


lis   of  war,   hv  111 


works  conihi 


iieil    in  a  particular  manner  ;  am 


of  tire-     till 
that  SI 


•ee  nakeil    sailors. 


liiials  ei  nil!  lint  approach 
He  npuii  the  shoulders  of 
if   the    hearers,  niiaiile   to 


Niim 

of  the  waves,  Wfic  thrown  ili 


mg  ago  as    i 


,Sll    11.  c,    tl 


I'l 


ipi 


-W; 


wilhstaiiil  the  \  iolcnci 
the     and  cast    their  hiiithens  into  the  water.      {•'iiiallv,  afti 


itcenth  of  the  TchcMii  dynasty,yieliling  totheahsiird     many    niisad\  cnlnres,    onr 


icitations  of  his  wife  one  night,  ordered  tlie.se 


the  si 


arlv 


itlicnd  toyetlii 


lore. 


Ill   liilllid  that    We  mnsterei 


I  onK 


.fall 


rm  t 


I'  lie  iiiaile. 


T 


le  empress  wan 


ted. 


tl 


guns  winch  ha 


mil    hi 


anin.se    herself  at    the   expense  of  the  .soldiers,  and   to     dannlei 


•en    III    the  water 


hilt. 


oliple  of 
nothing 


(le  i.iir  way  direcflv   towards  the  ( 


icat 


rtaiii.atthesametime.whelherlhc.se  tireworkswonld  I  Wall.        Wc    had    to    cross   several    streams   of  water 


really  hring  up 


the  1 1 


oops  to  the  sneeolir  ot  the  capi 


f  tin 


ital. 


\s  the  signals  passed  on  to  the  provinces,  the  governors  ;  direction    to    avoid 
spatohed  the  military  mandarins   and   their  forces  to  :  tl 


the    road,    and    to    take    a    cireiiiloiis    and   inland 


sliots 


Is    ve    iicarcil 


Wl 


e  wall   we   .si 


len  the  soliln 


timed. 


that  tliev  had    lieeii    called    toirctlier    fi 


on   their  arrivi 


IW   the  Tartars   heeoming   \  i  ry    fidgetl\ 
jetting    on    their    horses,    and    gallopini;    to    and    In 


iimiiscmeiit  of  a  woman,  thev  reliicd   home  full    of  in      one  of  which 


r  the   capricious  i  (■radnally    they    fornied    Ihemsclvcs    into   three   hodics, 


dignation.      Shortly   afterwards   the    Tartars   made    an  .  ceptiiig  the  way  to   the  (ireat  W 


•d  itself  in  fiont   of  tlio  eam|>,  iiilir 


took 


irruption  into  th 


e  empire, 


d  ad 


vanceil  with   rapiditv  ,  direction 


to      till 


rft ;    whi 


thin 


'd    ot 


to  Ihe  very  walls  of  the  cajiilal.    This  time  the  i.m)'eror     cavalry  with  white  and  gilded   glolnihs.    rode   forth    to 
U'live  the  alarm  in  gr.ive  earnest  ;   lint,  tlironghont    the  |  meet  us.      When  we  got   iii).  thev  inquired  whence  we 


ga 

)irovince.  not  a  inaii  stirred,  think 


im  I  he  empress  was 


id    wl 


lere   we    were    iXnini; 


ding,    that    they 
;ain   aiuiising  heixelf.     The  eoiiseqiieiiee  was,  us  we  |  ci.uld  not  let  ua  go  along  further,  that  the  Coinniuudrr- 


iwi  il 


Jiiiin  1  / 


!"'l 


If 


•'>' 


•1- 


m 


%  I 


152 


ALL  ROUND 


in-chief  was  absent,  and  they  conld  not  take  upon 
theinsflves  tlie  responsibility  of  allowing  u.s  to 
jjrocoed.  A  jd'olonged  negotiation  had  at  last  a  suc- 
cessful termination,  and  for  a  uionicnt  we  thought  that 
we  Would  have  roaclicd  the  (ireat  Wall ;  hut  we  had 
(tcarcoly  gone  a  few  hundred  yards,  when  wo  were 
intercepted  by  another  party  of  horsemen,  who  declared 
that  we  shouhl  proceed  no  furtlit!!'. 

With  two  rifles  and  our  revolvers,  and  three 
hundn^d  Tartar  horsemen,  we  felt  it  to  bo  our 
duty  to  avoid  a  quarrel,  and  siiil  inor*  so  any  actual 
fighting  for  the  nu-re  jmrpose  of  gratityiiigan  innocent 
curiosity.  So,  afti'r  liavin,'  taken  a  few  sketches,  wo 
purchased  sundry  fins  from  the  Tartar  cavaliers,  and 
astunished  tin;  crowd  of  Chinese  who  surrounded  them 
by  the  (listril)ution  of  brandy  and  the  loan  of  our  bino- 
cular glasses. 

These  Tartar  liiprsemen  had  neither  hows  nor  arrow.s, 
but  all  of  them  e.irricd  matchlocks  suspciiiled  liehind 
them.  Their  powder  was  very  coarse,  but  besides  lialls 
thev  had  also  bits  of  lead  in  their  cartouche  boxes 
Their  horses  were  small,  gcTierally  white  or  piebald, 
and  of  an  e.s.sentially  jiriniitive  race.  These  c.ivalicrs 
carried  their  jiipesand  fans  in  tlicir  great  iioots,  and  all 
had  a  ring  of  jade  for  .stringing  bows.' 

Before    leaving    this    neighbourhoiKl    we   nia<le   an 
excursion  to  the  other  side  of  the  (Jreat  Wall,  o])|iosite 
to    tiie  ])l.iin9  of  Mantchuria,    which    |)reseuted    tliat 
brilliant  verdure  which  is  oidy  met  w  ith   in  countries 
a  long  time  covered  with  snow   and  suddenly   vivitied 
by  a  brilliant  sun.     The  Great  Wall  here  detached  it.self 
like  a  long  dark  line  from   this  admirable  vegetation, 
and  could  he  seen  from   this   ]K)int  issuing   forth   from 
llu^  sea  and  jiscending  the  mount.iin  sides,  to  cross  their 
very  sunnnits  in  all  its  grandeur,  and  thence  to  stretch  ! 
away,  for  some   six   hundred    leagues,  acros.s  the    wild  ' 
regions    which    extend    to    the   confines    of   Mongolia  i 
(see  p.  144).  i 

After  having  conteni| dated  this  magnificent  spectacle 
to  our  fill,  we  took  our  ilepartvue,  and  made  the  best  of  i 
our  way  back  to  our  old  ((uarters,  with  the  memory  of  [ 
a  pleasiint  trip  to  the  most  picturestpie  spot  in  all 
Chiniu  The  soundings  obtained  showed  that  there 
was  everywheie  jilenty  of  water  to  enable  the  largest 
ships  to  navigate  the  Uidf  of  Peche-li  in  perfeL-t  safety 
as  far  as  to  the  Leatun;:  -  1 


THE  WORLD. 

XIII  -  -ACROSS  CHINA  TO  PEKIN. 

O.NK  of  otir  objects  in  visiting  this  side  •  i  the  wall, 
waste  lake  in  an  emissary,  who  had  been  entrusted  to 
cross  the  country,  and  piuss  into  I'ekin  by  land.  Tliis 
ve  safely  efFected,  and  received  from  him  the  following 
account  of  his  progres.s.  "  Di.^^guised  from  head  to  foot, 
in  full  costume,  with  red  trinkets,  siitin  boot.s,  and  spec- 
tiicles  of  largo  sia!,^  we  cro.s.sed  the  haziuir,  at  Shanghai, 
aiul  ue.scencled  into  our  boit.  Afttr  fitteen  days' sail 
from  boat  to  boat,  from  river  to  river,  from  canal  to 
canal,  from  lake  to  lake,  we  ]iassed  the  Kiang,  and 
ai  rived  at  tlie  banks  of  the  YilldW  Hiver,  at  lloai-ngan- 
fu.  On  the  honh'rs  of  the  Yellow  lliver  carriage 
transit  commences.  We  journev  eil  for  four  days  along 
its  hanks  from  Hoai  ngan  to  J'esu  tclni.  1'his  river 
rolled  along  enormous  lilocks  of  ice,  and  the  jiassage 
was  dan-erou.s.  It  is  as  wide  as  the  Elioneat  Avignon. 
Its  waters  are  inu<ldy  and  yellowish.  Hence  its  name  of 
].o;ing-ho.  Yellow  liiver.  In  EMro))e  _V(m  have  bridges 
over  your  rivers,  tlu^  lihoiie,  the  Thames,  the  lihine, 
.tc,  and  wliere  you  have  not  bridges,  jciu  have  ferries. 
The  Chinese  h.ive  not  availed  ihemselves  of  these  con- 
veniences. Hero  there  are  ccrtaiidy  many  bridges  of 
wood  and  stoiie,  with  arches  well  struck,  and  extrc  inely 
well  con-trncted  ;  but  in  all  these  cases  they  are  throWL 
aero-s  w.itereour.sc.s,  or  small  .streams  which  are  often 
fordalile,  and  the  channels  of  wliiih  are  dry  e.xeciit  in 
the  sea.son  of  heavy  nniis.  If  the  bridge  is  ,  'lilt  on  a 
rock  it  may  be,  in  sume  degiee,  jiermanent  ;  if  not, 
however,  cracks  will  soon  begin  to  a))pcar,  the  arches, 
jilaced  on  a  liad  foundation,  will  totttr,  and  on  the 
occasion  of  a  heavy  flood  *he  bridge  will  be  entirely 
swept  away.  As  to  fi  rries,  the  Chinese  have  not 
even  an  idea  of  them  ;  they  take  off  the  horses,  and  place 
two  jilanks  from  a  boat  to  tlii!  water's  edge,  one  for 
e.ich  wheel.  The  sailors  then  ]iut  them.selves  in  harness, 
and  by  degrees  draw  the  ei'riiage  on  board  ;  but  the 
greatest   difiiculty   is  to  get   the  cattle   into    the   boat. 


'  "  I'rohyn's  Horse,"  n  ilctaihniciit  nf  Sikli  cavalry,  cnniinandcil 
liy  Kiigli.sli  otficcrs  et  tlie  fiiiliaa  ainiy,  rode  down  tlicsy  T;trtar 
cavalry, and  scattered  tiit'ia  like  sliccp  in  the  rooeiit  short  cani])ai^ii. 

2  Tills  (inat  Wall,  «hicli  sc])arati's  I'hnui  from  Taitary,  is  the 
most  remarkable  aioliitt-etiirai  moiinnu'iit  of  China,  which,  «vith 
its  windings,  is  8n]i|)osed  to  extend  over  1,51)0  miles.  It  is  jia-sed 
throngh  valleys  and  over  mountains  alike,  and  is  carried  over 
streams  hy  means  of  arches,  llie  linildin^  of  it  is  said  to  have 
heen  commeneed  U.C.  215,  to  prevent  the  invasion  of  the  'I'lirtars, 
and  it  was  prohahly  the  work  of  several  pcniTatitins.  Since  tho 
iMni|iiest  of  China  by  the  Mantchiis,  and  the  fiamdatloii  of  a 
artar  dynasty  and  army,  its  ])urposes  ii.i,e  been  obsolete. 
Many  exaggerations  as  to  the  solidity  of  this  wall  have  iHt'oine 
oniTont,  audit  has  even  heen  ealeulaleil  that  tho  materials  of 
whieb  it  is  eoin|Kised  wonld  be  snilleieiil  to  erect  all  the  dwelling 
hoHses  in  Knglaiul  and  Scotland,  li  a{>]ieai's,  however,  from  the 
detached  notes  of  late  travelhr*,  that  it  is  for  the  most  parts  mere 
««rtli  wall  faced  in  parts  witli  brick  and  stcnie,  and  having  qnad- 
rangnlnr  towers,  at  short  dislaiiee-.  at  the  more  iniporlant  points. 
As  to  its  breadth  being  s.ieh  as  to  permit  six  horsemen  to  ride 
abreast  of  it,  that,  it  wonld  appear,  ninst  also  be  understood  only 
of  particular  |Kiints,  most  open  to  access,  and  not  to  apply  to  the 
wholv  of  the  inoniitainuns  and  diversified  country  over  which  the 
wall  is  c.irried. 

Uur  judginent,   after   personkl  inspection,    is,  that  its  height 


and  breadth  are  not  eipial  in  every  place;  nor,  iiuh'ed,  is  it  neces- 
.siry  they  should.  When  carried  over  steep  na'ks,  where  no  horse 
can  ])a<s,  it  is  aljont  flfieeii  or  twenty  leel  Inch,  and  broad  in 
proportion;  but  while  running  tliriaigh  a  valley  or  cros.<ii.g  a 
river,  thero  you  ste  a  strong  wall  akait  thirty  fiet  high,  »iih 
.sipi. ire  lowers,  at  the  <listai.ce  ot  a  how ->hot  troin  (inc  aiiotlii  r, 
and  embrasures  at  eipial  distances.  The  top  1 1'  the  wall  is  Hut, 
inul  paved  witli  broad  t'lce  stone;  and  wl.eie  il  lisesovera  rock  or 
any  eminenec,  you  a>eiiid  hy  a  lire  easy  stone  stair. 

The  bridges  over  ii\eis  ainl  torrents  are  ex<eedingly  neat, being 
both  well  contrived  and  executed.  They  have  two  stories  of  arches, 
one  above  the  oiher,  to  all'ord  sufficient  passage  for  the  waters  on 
sudden  rains  or  Hoods.  "Tl.ia  Burprising  ])iece  of  work,"  snys 
a  traveller,  "  if  not  the  greatest,  maybe  .justly  reckoned  «nici>g 
the  wonders  ol  the  world.  And  the  emperor,  who  jilanned  and 
ciiinpleted  it,  deserves  (aino  as  inueh  superior  to  him  who  built 
the  famous  Kgyptiim  pyramids,  as  a  |><"rtbrmance  of  real  use  excels 
u  w  ork  of  vanity." 

llesldes  the  niaiii  wall,  there  are  at  places  semicircular  walls. 
These  are  more  particularly  met  with  at  the  places  least  fortitiid 
by  nature,  and  at  the  open  passes  of  the  inoiiiitains,  as  iiioie 
particularly  at  the  pass  of  Ku-pe-ku,  or  C<ai(M'koo.  Tliefe  an' 
strongly  built  of  the  same  materials  and  architeelure  ns  tne  long 
wall  in  the  same  iieiglibourhood,  that  is  to  say,  of  brick  on  a 
tbnndation  of  large  lilocks  <if  6<piaro  stones  laid  in  mortar,  and  are 
of'en  of  considerable  extent,  soinetilnis  on  one  siile  of  the  main 
wall,  and  sometimes  on  tlie  other.  Ill  these  walls  are  strong 
piles,  constantly  defended  by  a  nuineriais  guard. 

'  Most  Kuropeans,  when  they  wish  to  disguise  themselves  in 
China,  are  ('(Hiiiielled  to  wear  speetiieles  to  bile  the  length,  heiirht, 
and  prominence  of  their  iiosis.  The  Chinese,  as  a  iiatimi,  bavii 
small  turn-np  noses.  Heine  they  believed  ibat  Mr.  Out^lair,  who 
I  jd  a  small  nose,  and  s|«ike  Cliim  se,  must  have  U'cn  the  son  ot  a 
Cliili«»e  father  who  Imduinnjrated  to  Uermaiijr. 


I 


!       i 


I'l  ;   ii> 


vn'! 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 


15S 


'^^^^  "z;^^^^-  l^-^ir^' 


RESIDENC£  OF    THE  FRENCH    AND   EMBII8H   AM3ASSA00RS  AT   TIEN-TSIN. 


Thev  iirn  iiiiKlo  to  jutiip  in  from  flio  liaiik.  'I'liis  i.s 
I'tri'i-tcil  l>y  jiiilliMi;  tlu'iii  liiMiii-i'.  |iM>l,iii^'  tlicin  iViHii 
lii'liiiid,  iiiul  strikiiii;  tliciii  mi  tlic  liahuclirs.  I  he  Im.ils, 
lis  tliey  Imvi' iKi  ki'tl,  riscinl)li' ulildiig  tiilics,  with  llio 
hiittoin  flat  ami  a  little  rniindeil  ofl". 

Ill  the  ]iroviiic'i' nt'  Kiaiig  nan'  the  hfcl  of  tlic  Yellow 
Itivcr  is  nini'li  liii,'liri'  tliiiii  the  snrfiico  of  tlie  countrv 
throiij^li  wliii'li  it  iims;  its  wai"rs  are  contineil  Ky  tlie 
omlianknieiits  for  roads  wliirli  (re  made  on  eaeli  siile  nf 
it;  liiit,  unfortunately,  when  the  iiea\y  lloodscome  un.  it 
frei|uently  breaks  throu^'h  theso  liaidvs.  wliidi  are  nfien 
hadly  eonstrueted  tliron;.di  the  si'lli>h  e\i]iidity  "f  the 
eoiitraetors ;  then  the  towns  of  entire  di-tiiets  are  in- 
undated  hy  imist  awl'nl  tiomls.      T.iuar'is   tlie  O'TiIi   .4' 

'  Ki^oiK  nan  is  divided  into  twii  ilu{<uniiit'iiia.  ICian^^su  ami 
Kiaiit!  81:  Nankin  is  the  chief  town  of  the  furmcr,  Nariuli^tni;  of 
Ihe  latter. 

•  The  mode  of  cultivating  the  rice  plant  varies  oonsidiralily 
according  to  the  climate  and  local  circuiiistanei'S.  The  folluW' 
ing  is  the  method  employed  among  tlie  Chineae,  who  ciiltivati 
it  to  a  very  great  extent  in  the  midland  and  siaithern  parts  o! 
their  dominions,  the  low  groumls  of  which  are  annually  tloodeil 
uy  the  Kiaiig  and  the  Yellow  rivers.  These  extensive  inun^la- 
lions  are  occasioned  by  the  heavy  rains  that  fall  near  the  sources 
of  these  rivers,  which  have  their  origin  in  the  Himalayan  chain 
of  mountains.  When  the  waters  have  receded,  the  earth  is 
covered  with  a  thick  coating  of  slime  and  mud,  whici.  fertilizes 
th»  tiround  as  perfectly  as  the  richest  manure.  The  ground  is 
then  carefully  harrowed,  and  this  operation  is  Several  times 
repeated  until  it  is  well  worked.  In  the  meantime  the  rice 
intended  for  seed  has  been  soaked  in  water,  in  u  hieli  a  quantity 
of  uiannre  has  been  stirred  ;  this  has  forwar<led  its  growth  so 
■moll,  that  the  vcuug  plants  appear  above  the  grvznd  in  two 


this  river  the  eountry  ;issuiiies  a  new  ii]i|iearanee  alto- 
plher.  'i'iii'  jialm  tiei',  the  hamlioo.  ami  the  riee-tields, 
ate  eXeiiaiiL^ed  fir  iiiniM'nse  tracts  <if  corn  and  niillet. 
We  are  now  in  the  mid.-t  of  tiie  )il;uiis  (jf  Shantuni;, 
iiml  feel  no  more  llie  d  iiin>  aiiiio~|ihere  nf  Kianii-nan, 
nor  do  we  hrealhe  liene.iili  iis  elondy  sky.  Here  we 
h.ive  a  liry  ami  ratlna'  pieriaii^;  eold.  ami  a  jmre  and 
eloudless  heaven,  and  thinuuhont  the  whole  journey 
I'Iniids  of  diist  that  near  y  ehoke  us;  when  the  wind  is 
liiLdi  and  s  irniy,  immense  whirlwinds  ri.-e  intn  the  air. 
and  ai;aih  imii"  down  a  dehlf^e  of  sand  at  an  ineredihle 
■  li-t.-im-e.  .as  fir  nil'  :is  Su  tehuen.  and  e\en  further. 
I  iiirim.' ilie  ]ia.s>,aL.'e  i>l'  these  sami ch'ii.N  in  .Monc;..|ia, 
ii  is  siiiiietimes  meessary  tn  li^dit  the  lamps  in  tho 
middle  id'  the  il.iy :  so  iiiiieh  i>  the  iii.'ht  of  tho  sun 
oliseureil,  and  llie  air  dn  kened. 

\\'.'   ('r.^^^ed,  al    a    (  liim-,i'   |.,iee  illiat  is  lo  say,  with 
slow  and  heavy  stejis),  tin'  plains  ot'  Shan  Iuiil;.    Every- 


■  lays  after  they  li.ive  lie^n  di  posited  in  the  earth.  As  soon  as 
tlie  ynun;,'  pl.ints  have  reaehed  the  liei','lit  of  si.x  or  jcven  inches, 
iliey  are  pulleil  up.  the  tops  are  eut  oti.  the  roots  carefully 
washed,  and  the  h  holi;  planted  out  in  rows,  aljout  a  foot  asunder. 
Tlie  first  crop,  for  they  olitain  two  in  the  course  of  the  year,  is 
harvested  about  May  or  .Inne,  ami  the  second  in  October  or 
N'ovember.  The  sickle  einidoyed  for  the  purpose  of  rea|iing 
the  rice  is,  like  the  Kmopi.-in  instriiinent.  Iient  into  the  form 
of  a  hook;  hut  the  eil^e,  iiist' ad  of  being  smooth,  is  notched 
like  tli.it  of  a  saw.  The  cldef  food  of  the  Chinese  consists  of 
tins  useful  grain,  prepared  in  various  ways.  They  use  no  spoons 
.it  their  meals,  and  it  is  curious  to  notice  the  dexterity  with 
which  two  small  skewers  called  dwfi-ttickt  are  employed  to  jerk 
the  rice  into  their  mouths;  a  kind  of  wiue  is  also  prepared  froB 
the  grain  by  fermentation. 


m 


■ri 


IM 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


ill: 


I  -'I 


whero  tlicro  were  iioimlmis  villii;,'c's,  cnuiiMisi'il  of 
\  ri'tehiil  lidvi'ls,  Imilt  of  slnw,'  miiiI  |ili(.stcii'il  hvit 
witli  luiid,  ill  till'  iiiiilst  of  vvliii-li  f»ro\v  plaiitsitioiis  of 
willow  .111(1  |io|il:ii'  Irci's 

Foi'iiici'ly  soiiii-  of  those  siii;ili  h.imU'ts  wiTf  siir 
iiioiiiil'it  with  a  ruiii|i;irl.  of  iiiinl,  ami  ciu'IoscmI  with 
ilitcs.  foriiii'il,  no  (loiil)t,  liuiiiii;  the  civil  wiir  ;  at 
|i|'i'si'iit  till'  ruins  of  tlicsi'    fortiliciitions  aloiii'   n'lii.iiii 


liiiiiHclf.  Others,  or  the  iiiiiiority,  sponil  tlicir  time  in 
(iriiii;  oH"  a  siiccissiori  of  crai'kris  ;  all  wear  thi'ir 
lirst  attiri'.  Till'  woiiii'ii  oiiimni'iit  Ihfir  licails  witli 
an  aililitioiial  profusion  of  llmvi'is  The  houses,  for 
oiiee  ill  the  ye.ir,  are  cliisteil  and  swept  soiiiewhal  <are- 
t'lllly  ;  tlie  furniture  riililieil  ;  ihi'  |iapers  foniiiii;;  tlii! 
wiiiilows,  wliieli  for  so  many  iiionlhs  have  fallen  into 
tatters,  are  at   leiicrth    reiiewi'd.      Strips   of  red   paper, 


NiiiiieiMus  pajjodas  relieve  soiuewliat  the  iiiiiforiiiity  of!  pasted  together,  are  sliiek  everywhere  mi  the  posts,  tin 
the  laiidseape  ;   Imt  as  they  all  resenilili'  one  another  si 
niiieli,  the  eye  soon   beeonies  falii;ued  liy  a  new  specie.- 
ofinonotonv.      You  are   alreadv  accpiainted  with  tliesi 


p  i.jodas  ;  they  tower  some  f'et  aliove  the  ordinary 
houses;  their  sntiiiiiits  are  decor.it.eil  with  draijons 
li.ilioons.  and   wreitlis,  all  iiioilelled  in  plaster.      In  the 


pillars,  the  janilis  of  the  do.ns,  the  walls,  the  i  liiniiiey- 
pieci's,  the  couiiti'i's,  the  sidelioards,  the  shafts  of  the  cur 
riaifes,  and  even  on  the  stalile  doiu's.  On  each  o(  ihrse 
strips  are  written  in  l.irj,'e  characters  a  ;,'re,it  nunilier 
of  seiileiices  ;  .some  of  these  are  moral  .senience.s,  iiiiiiiy 
are   epicurean,   and    the    majority    snperstitiiais.      'I'ho 


f  If  end  of  the  siiictii  iry  there  is  a  liiii;e   enorinoiis  jjilt  i  hoiiseiiold    ;;ods  are   fiieeted  ;   tiie   drafjon   conjured  to 

p  .ss  hy  the  house,  and  cntieated  to  discover  sonic 
;,'reat  vein  of  we.i'.tli  ;  and,  in  short,  that  tiui  hoiisi' 
may  lie  completely  tilled,  from  top  tci  hottom,  with 
very  yellow  ;;old,  lio.inu;  Kin,  and  precious  stones, 
Kiiiyu-maii-taiii,'.'' 

On  the  llltli  we  entered  the  |iiii\iiice  of  I'l'-clic  li, 
alter  ten  days'  jonrney  :  we  felt  scorched,  us  it  were, 
ill  a  jilaiii  of  sand,  which  wliiiled  ahoiit  with  the  wind. 
Tliis  not ilied  onr  approach  to  I'ekin.  We  made  our 
way  into  this  city  at  noon  :  oni'  K"''''')  whom  wi'  had 
liircil  at  an  adjacent  Christian  coinninnil v,  took  to 
(lifjlit  ;  siiili  arc  the  Chinese  in  point  ol  coiiiajic.  On 
the  approach  ot  the  ciistoni  lioiise  ollicers  we  j,'ot  out  of 
our  I  arriai,'e.  "Are  you  inaiidarins  (  "  said  tlieytoiis. 
"  Whence  do  yoii  come  (  where  are  you  fjiini;  (  "  '■  We 
arc  goiiif;  ea~t  and  west."  "  Itiit  what  is  yipiir  occnpM 
tioii  (  What  liii^iiii'ss  are  yc^ii  ciiijaijed  in  /'  "  hovoii 
suppose,  then,  we  liaM'  no  liiisiness  (  At  all  events 
»  liy  do  you  wait!  cxauiino  our  carriaj^c."  We  slipped 
tlieiii  l'DO  sapecs  (111  to  Lli  half  pennies),  then  got  in 
ag.iili  and  enli'red  the  ti>wii. 

We  expected  to  iiiect  some  reiiiarkahle  liiiilding, 
soiii'  road  well  Lid  out,  that  air  of  comt'ort  which  is 
iiotice.ilile  oil  approaching  our  large  towns.  J!ut,  mi 
the  contrary,  we  know  nothing  vhroiighout  the  whole 
of  t/liiiia  |ioorer  or  meaner  than  the  outlets  of  the  capi- 
tal. We  looked  on  all  sides;  we  could  not  perceive 
either  palace  or  coiiniiy  house,  nor  even  a  single  gro\e. 
The  iiihaliitants  of  the  hamlets  and  villages  do  not 
seem  to  us  more  cmnfortalile  or  more  relineil  in  their 
tastes  than  the  rest  of  tlic  empire.      We  advanced  at  a 


i  I  il,  iiislalleil  mi  .1  tlirmie  upon  a  raised  pl.itforiii.  It 
finii  is  monstrous— a  stiff  lilack  heard,  thin  like  that 
of  ilie  Chinese,  and  verv  I0114.  Ilowsihiwii  t'rmii  its  ears 
and  its  chin  ;  a  liroad  flat  nose,  small  eyes  sunken  in 
1  lie  f  ireheail,  covered  with  thick  eyelids,  and  stiilfcd 
with  some  tr.inspafi'iit  gum  :  a  large  paunch,  which  is 
in  (y'liiiia  a  dislinguislicd  iii.irk  of  geiitilily,  an  I  tin  illy, 
'norm  iiis  eirs.  which  hang  down  to  its  very  shoulders. 
Such  ai'e  the  charactcrislics  of  the  idol.  Mere  large  ears 
dciioic  I  great  mind,  aiiil  the  I'liincsi'  all  liclicvc  that 
their  I'liiperor  has  Ion,'  and  very  large  cars.  At  the 
ic't  of  the  princi|i:il  god  .ire  arri'iged,  in  a  si'iuicirclc, 
.1  iiMwil  of  iniiior  divinities,  with  red,  lilack,  liliie.  and 
uT.'cii  laci's.  wh  I  rival  one  .•inother  in  iiglinc.s.s,  grotc.sipi:' 
appeariiiici'.  .iiid  horrililc  aspect. 

On  oih  lelt  we  li.i  1  the  Iiiipcri.il  ("and.  Van- Leang- 
lio.  This  lanal  is  largi-,  and  very  licintifnl  in  some 
pl.ices.  We  asceiiilcd  it  in  Kiaiig  nan,  and  Vang- 
tclieou.ts  tiir  as  the  Ho.ii  iigaii,  011  the  \'ellow  lliver,  tcir 
I  'riy  leagues.  .VII  throughout  it  .seemed  magnilicent. 
South  of  Kiaiig  we  also  ascendeil  it  ;  it  is  soinetinu's 
\ery  narrow  ami  sliillow.-  We  have  hccii  .-tiMiided  t 
lliere  on  a  --hoal.  This  was  near  Tcii-kiing;  there 
Were  ill  all  two  liundred  junks  straiideil  there  We 
oMi'ii  crossed  this  canal  in  Shan-tuiig  It  appeired 
t  1  lis  .scarcely  navigahlc,  and,  in  fact,  whenever  there 
is;i  drought  it  liecomes  iinpracticalde  ;  open  the  sluic"s 
as  you  may,  the  boats  iiiakc^  little  iiion;  than  lialf.i 
league  p.'r  dty.  Hence,  this  year,  tic  sea  junks  alone 
li.ive  conveyed  rice  to  |irovision  the  country  from 
I'ekin  to  Tien  tsin.       It  is  erroneous  to  say  (as  a  cele- 


lir.ited  gi'ograplier  has  advanced,  rin  the  authority  of  a  slow  jiace,  the  .sand  halfway  n|ithe  liorses'  legs.    There, 

lecriied    Iviissian.  who   was   himself  di'ceivcd    liy  some  as  everywhere    else    in    these    eoiintrie.s.  the   roads   are 

vaunting  Chinese),  that    stone   ([iiays   line  its   hanks,  eompletelv   in    ruts,   and    no   oin'   thinks   of  repairing 

.ind    that   on   each  side   there   is  a  long  row  of  houses  them  :  every  individual    extricates   himself  as  last  he 

I'loin  one  end  t<i  the  other  of  its  coni'sc.  can.      The  ni.iiidarins  have   scarcely  any  other  occupa 

On    the   4tli   of    February    we    reached    Shantung,  tioii  than  to  extort  from  the  people. 

This  w.is  the  tirst  cl;iv  of  the  Chinese  vear.      In  (!liina,  - 


'  Wlii'ii  tluTc  Is  ,1  wiint  el' rain,  tlic  Maiiilni'iii  orders  n  fust  for 
till'  Druiron  nf  W'nti'r,  jiikI  ;is  a  lust  ri'Simrcc,  tlicy  curry  hIhuiI  his 
iiiiap'  in  ]>riK'i'S-ioii,  imd  hnrii  ])!ii)cr  to  liis  lioiiour.  Wlu'ii  tlic 
drn^tni  is  olistiiiiitt',  :iiul  tlic  wcatlicr  coiitiniii's  dry,  he  is  Itcatcii 
'  ami  torn  to  |iiec(S.  II  is  ri'l;iti'd  Hint  under  Kin  Kiii^',  tlic  llltli 
Knijicror  of  llic  M  uitclin  Tirt:ir  dynasty,  11  loiin'  dnnijilit  liad 
t'liincsc  cottai;i'S  ^.'.'ncridly  are    wrctdu'd   l)inldin<r^  of     di'soliited  scvenil  iirovinccs  of  ihc  north,  tint  iis,   notwitlistundinj; 

nniKcroiis  pri'C>'s,sions,  tlic  (lr:ij;i>ii  iicrsi^tcd  in  not  scndiiif;  niin, 
llic  indi>:n:nit  I'jiipcror  liuiiiclicd  !i<;:iirist  liini  a  tliniidcrin^  cilict, 
:ind  condcinncd  liiin  to  pcrprltiid  cxiU'  on  the  Itordt  rs  of  the  river 
fsi,  in  tlic  jnoviiu'c  of  'I'oltoI.  'flic  sentence  was  nlioiit  to  1k) 
executed,  and  the  crioiiniil  (|ia|i,'r  iniiipi')  was  iirocccifuif;  with 
toncliinu  rcsiiiiintion  to  cv'ss  ihr  ilcscrts  of  'riu'tarv,  and  undergo 
liis  piiiiisliiin'iit  on  tlic  borders  of  'fiirkistan,  wlieii  the  Hn|trt'iiiO 
coniicil  of  Pckin  went  in  a  liodv  to  implore  his  pardon,  iind  his 
Iiii|»'riiil  M,i|('sly  rcvokcilthc  sentence  iind  reiiistiiti'd  tliu  dra),'Oil 
ill  his  pusitin.i   uii  cunditioiis  vi'  bvlt4.'r  cuiidiict  fur  the  future. 


on  New-year's  day,  .ill  travelling  and  smiie  woi'ks  are 
suspended.  Kach  one  thuiksof  making  the  best  cheer 
]iossible.  playing  at   dice  and  card.s,  and    thus  ruining 

'  Tlh 
mini  iind  stone,  with  ilamp  e.irllicn  tloors,  si'.irccly  lit  lor  caltlcto 
sleep  111,  iind  rtiiiiind  o'lC  ot'  w  lint  Scotch  cotta^'t's  witl'  ii  f  w  yfiirs 
:iu'o  ;  hid  tilting,  loo.ie,  crciikini;  doors,  jiiiper  windows,  dirty  iiml 
torn;  ducks,  irccsc,  f'owls,  do;;-,  and  (liiis  in  the  house  and  at  the 
■1  lor.-i.  iippurently  claimiiij,'  and  ohtaiiiinj;  cipiiil  rijlils  with  the 
iuinale-.  Children.  j:raiidcliildn'ii,  and  several  di'irrccs  hcyoiid, 
lie  iiiiddU'd  to^rither,  with  thcii'  sliavod  heads,  loiij;  tails,  and 
str:iii;;e  couliimc.  in  comic  groups  within. 

■■'  Its  southerly    toruiinution   is  at  llwaiig-Cliow,  in  the  C'lic- 
KiaDg, 


CHINA,   COCHIN  CHINA,    AND  JAPAN. 


inn 
lie 


VVp  (Milrrcil  liy  Hii'  scuillii ill  K'''''  •""'  li'i^'i'^il  'I'l' 
Cliilirsi)  (iiwn,  ( (iiv-to-dlii'ii;;,  IVdm  wnilli  Id  iiortli. 
Yi'ttt  cimics  II  spiiriiius  i|iiiiili'r,  iiIiikisI  iIcsciIimI  ;  siiliii' 
ciiliins  iiri' siiidiicil  Iiiti'  iiikI  tlicri.'  iiiiKPiinst  a  yrriit. 
nuiiilicr  nl' siii.ill  HcM.-t  1111(1  kit('lic'ii-;,'iinl('iix,  wlirri'  imt 
11  wiilli,  lint  a  trc'i",  riiinliiiirs  iirii.iiiii'iit  willi  tillii^'i' 
At'tiT  a  triiiisil.  lit"  liii  lllilnl(l■.^  wr  i'i'ihIhmI  iIh'  InlinliiliMl 
i|ll;ir(rl's,  lli'Xt.  lit  till'  Tillllir  tnwll,  Milll  tcliriij;.  Its 
riiiii|iiirts  iiic  liinliiT  anil  lultir  Imill  lli;iii  tlinsn  nl"  tlic 
Oliiiirsi'  tiiwii  :  tlii'V  iii'i'  iiflirirl;.  'I'iii'  i^iiti's  hit  llirii' 
Htiiiii'H  liiyli,  iiml  till'  w.ills  t'miy  lirt  liiyli.  \\\'  tra 
Vii'Si'il,  niiii  al'irr  aiml  lirr,  t  lie  vl  I'i'i'ls  iif  tliis  iiiiiiiriisi' 
city,  iil'liii  liidiliril  ii]i  liy  luii^  i(i«s  111' I'ani.mi's,  wliicii 
Cl'iissolic  aimllici'  in  all  ililrrtinlis,  liy  rami 'Is,  Iiiiiirs,  anil 
jiorliis.  \\  liat  an  ii|iriiar  !  I'rkiii  is,  Ihiwcvit,  iimrli 
sil|i(iiiir  ti)  all  till'  < 'liiiirsi'  towns  we  liaviM'Vrr  iiirl 
witli.  Two  ;,'irat  Htrcrts  iin^  jiriiiri|PMlly  niiiarkalili'  ; 
oiKi  is  in  till'  (y'liiiiL'si'  |)iii't  III'  tliii  tiAvii,  Mini  tin,'  ulliur 
at  till! 'rarlar  mil  111"  it.  I'.iilli  nf  tlii'sc  ari'  sixty  I'l'i't 
wiilr  ;  tliry  inn  t'runi  mir  cinl  nt'llii'  town  to  tlii!  otiirr. 
It  is  licrc,  <'S|iriially,  tliat  tlir  Cliilirsi'  lavislily  ilis|ilay 
(IciMuiitions  on  till?  fronts  of  tlii'ii'  sliii|is,  in  tin-  sliapi' 
of  lar^r  jjililiil  cxtrriial  oinaiiii'iits,  fiiiiii'llislii'il  willi  a 
tlioiisainl  Jiirrrs  of  sriilpliii'i'.  At  rarli  siiln  of  (hi' 
sill)])  is  its  sii,'ii,  wliirli  I'onsists  of  a  strong  In'oail  lioanl 
covcrcil  with  viiniisli,  on  whirli  tjilih'il  charai-ti  is  aii' 
])iiiiitt'il  or  cut.  It  is  srt  up  on  its  rinl,  ami  is  kept  in 
its  ]iii.sitioii  hy  two  liliuks  of  snilpliiri'il  i,'raiiiti',  ami 
stands  aliimt  t'orly  or  til'ly  fi'i't  hiu'h  ;  iii'ar  it  arc  polrs 
painti'il  rril,  iiml  siirmoiiiiti'il  wit  li  a  yilili'il  lir.irl  tuninl 
ii|isiili' (lown.  This  I'onl'iision  of  sii,'ii  hoanls  ami  p  ilis 
|il'i'srnts  II  siiii;iilar  ami  truly  iiovrl  appr.irani-i'.  iii'siilrs 
tlii'sc  two  stiTi'ts,  wc  have  olisi'i'Mil  a  fi'W  othi'is  laiil 
out  ill  straiijht  liiii'S,  hut  not  unite  so  wiilc,  allhoiij;li 
I'lithrr  haiiilsoini.'.  As  to  the  olliors,  tiny  are  not 
worth  iniiitioii.  Crrtain  ]iarts  of  the  town  an;  paveil 
with  llay-stoiii's  ;  lint  they  are  iine\('ii  ami  worn  into 
holes,  for  want  of  lieing  propirly  attemleil  to,  ami 
tlierefoie  iitliii'il  all  extremely  unsafe  way  fur  oarria'^es. 
Almost  everywhere  there  is  a  Mark  niire.  a  hieli,  diiriiii,' 
the  ilry  season,  Mimls  the  passers-hy,  ami  tills  the  .shops 
withilust;  ami  iliirin.i;  the  rainy  weather,  what  niiid  ! 
and,  eiiiiseipiiiilly,  what  ruts!  Here  the  liiipiil.iliou 
are  ciiiitinnally  perainlnilitini;  the  si  reets,  and  paddliii!.; 
iihoiit  under  the  i^'ilded  fronts  wliiih  ornanieiit  the 
shops,  and  doors,  and  windows,  that  ailinib  the  lii{ht 
lhriiiii,'li  oiled  p.iper.  In  all  I'ekiii  we  did  not 
see  one  silij;li'  pane  of  i;lass.  After  sunset  eoinplete 
darkness  prevails,  ami  the  streets  are  entirely  deserted. 

In  the '{'altar  town  (Maii-telnni^),  the  cross  is  still 
standii.i,'  that  was  raised  on  the  jiiiinaclo  <if  iiii  cdiliee 
now  in  ruins,  formerly  the  cathedral,  or  the  I'or- 
tufiiK'sc  church,  ■''^ome  years  ai;o,  when  this  church 
was  closed,  and  its  adjoiniiii,'  liiiililiiii,'s,  the  hislmp's 
lioii.so  ami  the  .seminary,  were  destroyed,  the  Knipemr 
wished  this  cro.ss  to  lie  |inlliil  down  almii;  with  them  ; 
hut  it  is  .sjiiil  that  he  hesitated  to  i^jvc  the  older,  fearinj; 
chastisement  and  vcii;;eanee  from  the  (iml  of  the 
Christians.      It  (lierefoie  remains  still  staiidiii;,'. 

There  is  a  <  'hurcli  of  the  1  iiimaeulate  (.'lUieeption,  at 
I'ekiii,  of  toleralile  si/e,  eapal'le  of  containing;  from 
twelve  to  tifteeii  liundied  persons.  It  is  liiiilt  in  (he 
form  of  a  Latin  cros.s.  It  dues  not  heloiig  to  any  order 
of  architecture,  ami  has  iiothiiii;  of  the  lame  shaped 
gotliio  style  ahoiit  it.  Its  cut  ranee  is  very  elei;,inlly 
udurned  with  festoons  and  inouliliiii;.s.  cut  in  relief,  in 
tlie  midst  of  which  the  holy  name  of  .fcsiis  stands 
conspicuous.     It  is  built  in  thu  stylo  of  tbo  I'ortui^iicsc 


1fi5 

I  liiinhes.  .Ml  these  decoralion.s  nrn  well  oxrputril, 
.imt  wriiin;lit  in  plaster.  The  cross,  which  Kiirinouiitii 
the  priiieip.i!  front,  is  si\ly  det  from  the  j;riiiiiiil. 

Some  authors  have  e,i  incited  the  population  of 
I'ekiii  at  three  millions;  oihirs  at  two  ;  oiheis  iii^aiii 
at  lilleen  hniidred  thousand,  and  soiiie  even  at  a  Inillioii. 
I'ekin  is  ill  iioint.  of  faet  ahout.  liflytwo  lys  in  cireiim- 
fereiiee,  or  ahoiit  six  leaj^ue.s,  of  live  thoiisiind  metres, 
or  t weiitydiiiir  kiloiuelres  (iilnnit  eit^lilein  mills  Mn- 
i^lisli).  It  is  of  ail  irregular  ipiadiil.ili  r.d  slmpe.  ap- 
pi'o.'iehin;;  to  that  of  a  Irape/iuiii,  and  is  eomposed  i.f 
fmr  larne  dislrirts  ;  iiaiiii  ly,  that  of  the  (yliinese  town, 
<  •.ly-lo-telieiii,',  whirli  firms,  as  it  were,  the  has;-  of  the 
ti.ipezium  ;  that  of  the  Tartar  town,  or  Meii-tiheiii,'  ; 
that  of  (he  imperial  (own,  or  llnaiii;  Irlieii;,' ;  and  (hat 
of  the  p.ilaee,  or  Tse-kili  teliiii;^.  This  piilaee,  wliiili 
is  nothing  more  tli.in  a  long  slrinL,'  of  houses  and  court- 
yards, tin;elher  with  a  few  ;;alileiis,  is  surrnunded  hv  il 
wide  ijiteh  (llloil  with  water,  wliieji  is  sunk  on  the 
outside  and  at  the  foot  of  the  houndary  wall  It  is 
ahoiit  half  a  league  '  or  a  iiiile  .iml  a  half  Kiii^lish)  in 
ciii'uinference.  The  Tieii-than,  where  the  Kiiipei'or 
repairs  to  .sairitice  to  the  lieuveii.s,  is  alone  greiiter 
than  the  |ial;iee.  The  j,'ri'at  coiiit  hniises  of  the  em|iire, 
and  several  lai';;i'  pa;;Hlas  liesides,  oeeiipy  ii  very  coii- 
sider.ilile  space.  The  sliii|iHare  in  f,'eiieial  iiiiinhaliited. 
I'.\ery  eveiiiii:;  the  shopkeepers,  willi  the  exci  pdnii  ot 
(111!  walehiui  II,  return  to  their  fimilies,  w  ho  inhaliit 
some  luore  relired  neii^hlioiirhood,  where,  ]iropeily 
speakiiii;,  (hey  are  doniiriled.  It  is  true,  (hat  in  these 
(Jliine.se  hiiiises  the  f  1  iiiilies  are  en  i«  did  all  to;,'e(lii'r; 
fadier,  mother,  childriii,  ilaiiL;htii-.  iii-I.iw,  and  tin' 
;.',raiiddau^liters.  Not «  itlislainlni:,'  this  the  houses 
lire  only  one  story  lii^li.  Kroiii  all  tin  se  considerations 
it  may  easily  '.e  coneluded  that  tlio^e  who  reckon  tin) 
population  of  I'ekiii  at  alioiit  a  iiiil.inii  come  nearest 
to  the  truth  ;  while,  with  re-peit  to  the  suhiirhs,  it  is 
ipiite  II  inistaku  to  siippoM'  that  tliiir  population  is  so 
i,'ri'.-it  asliaslieeii  stated  We  have  jjoi.e  tliroiii;li  many 
of  them,  ainoiii^  others  tliat  of  llie  south,  which  con- 
tains the  larj^ot  liiluil'i  r  of  iiili^diitaiils,  and  we  found 
it  consi>leil  of  II  siiij^le  street,  hardly  a  ipiaiter  of  a 
:  lea;,'nc  (or  two-thirds  of  iin  I'lii^dish  mile)  in  lin;.'lli. 

"'he    com.ueict.'  of   I'  kin  is  far  from  heim;  in  juo- 

I  |iiirl  loll  to  the  capital  of  .so  lafi,'!'  an  enipiie.      It  riiii\is 

its  silks    from   the   midland   towns,  e.^peeiallv   those  ot 

Kiaiii^nan,    Soiitelieoii,    Hani,' lilie"ii,   and  even    Su- 

,  tchuiii.      .'^Iiaii  si   sn;ipl  es  it  w  itii  its  felts  ami  its  iron 

I  niaiiufaetures  ;   Shaiii;-!  iiiig  ami  the  .southern  provinces 

theirlilielis;  ( '  niton.  Sh.iiit  iiii;;and  .\  in  t;  pot  heir  printed 

I  hooks,  itc.  ;  in  a  word,  Tekiii  imports  most  of  the  ai  tides 

I  ofconsiimiition  in  their  inanufactured  and  tlnished  state. 

Iiittle   is    made    there    e.\cc|it  ohjeets   of  luxury,    and 

I  iirtic  les  which  are  of  little  iiiiiiort;iiiee  in  the  ordinary 

1  u.se  ot  life.      Iliiwover   this  may    he,  still    the  trade  of 

I'ekin  is  consideralile  ;   hut  consists  of  a  pro\i.-ioii  and 

stora,i;e  trade.      It  is  an  imnieiiM'  maixazine,  into  which 

the  rich  productioiisof  ci'dileeii  provinces  How,  in  order 

to  he  thence  I'arried  I  icy  olid  the  ( ireat  Wall,  and  hawked 

to    the    principal    stations   and    hordes   of    Mantelin- 

Tardiry    and    .Mongolia,     sinli     as    Moukdeii,    (lliirin, 

Tsi-t-i-kar.  II:i-ta,  !-!aii-tso-(,i,  l.am.iini.io,  ite. 

<»ii  the  :.'."itli  of  Kehruary  we  ]iassed  (he  (Ireat  ^V.lll. 
We  arrived  at  ( 'liaiiL;  hai-koan,  (he  cusdim-liou.-e  of 
wliii'h  is  stated  to  lie  the  most  riitoioiis  of  iiiiy  in  tliii 
empire.  I'liit  happily  for  us  it  is  always  easy  to  iiiaiia;^o 
matters  widi  the  CliiiieM'  police.  With  the  expemli- 
i  turo  of  .some  coins  worth  ahout  two  shillings,  wo  .si'ci'.reil 


^n 


I 


lilt  ALL  ROUND  THR  WORLD. 

our  little  ciirriu'^r  I)_v  iiiruiis  of  llir  iimkci'|)('r,  wlio  i  lioin>'  in  I  ho  day.  Tlicy  iirc  ilcscrilinl  as  liciii/  cx- 
liiiiisi'lt' f,Mt  ii  tlirciiiitli  till'  cmt Mill  111 iiisi'.  Tiiwiirds  ci'tiiiiisly  apt  dilijji'iit,  iiml  iMTsi'vciin;,'.  'I'lii!  ItcmmiiiHt 
I'Vi'iiiiii;,  wlii'ii  it  was  dark,  wi'  {msMi'il  tliix  faiuniiM  iiii^'Miiiii  of  KiaiiLtiiaii  niiiiilirrs  40  itiis.siniiai'ir.'t.  and, 
i'ani|'iil.  a  Ica'.'iii' t'liitlic  r  In  till'  West.  Iiy  iiiu'  iit'lliiisi'  it.  is  .saicl,  idmiit  Mi, it  I)  c  niivcits.  'I'lic  sniiinarv  of 
iiiiiiitriais  lirt'aclic's  wiiicli  allnrd  niicIi  an  casv  |ia.ssa;{i'.  'I'mi^^-Ua-'riiii  coiil  liiis  I's  I 'liini'M' siiidiait^  in  llii'olo^ry, 
'I  liis  wall  is  ciiiiMlplinu,  jii^t  lil<i'  llii' I 'liini'su  ciniiii't',  and  llicrc  arc  also  '.\'ii  scji.icils,  wlicri'  ."lOOIl  rliildicM 
and  is  (h'cayiiii;  « illi  ai.'"'.  ( )n  a  tiiriniriiri'asioii,  wlifn  al'i^  I'din'ati'il  liy  ('iirisiian  masters  'I'liri'i'  isal.sullic 
wi'  arj'ivrd  tVcan  Sn-trliMn,  wc  cIimi'imI  llic  (  liinc.-c  iVnn  |  "  Saiiile-Kiit'anrc,"  at  wliirji  I'li"  cliiMri'n,  aliandDncd 
tirr  witiaait  nnlicani;  anv  Ni'slij,'!'  ol'  tills  slu|i('ndniis  l.y  lia^ir  |iii'rnls,  \mti' slii'llcrcd  in  tlicyivir  1  ■'.")7  alcmi'. 
work.  Ill  |Miiiil  111'  fact,  tin'  wall  dni's  not  c'xi--t  in  many  'I'lii'si'  mi-h  at'iiTwards  |piit  lait  to  srlmol,  or  in  t'ainilics, 
|ila('Os;  iindiiiilitidly  not  in  llic  iiio^t  dcsci'tod  jocali  'ortlicy  am  tiiii,dit  i.  Iradi'.  Scr\iii'  is  |MTtornicd  ,il, 
lies.  IliTc  it  sicms  to  lie  lliiily  I'li'l  lii,'li.  lis  lii>iioiis  tlif  calln'ilral  at  ToiiLt-k  i  Ton,  liy  a  ilioir  wiili  tails  and 
arc  distant  from  one  aiiotliii' ;  and  irri';,'iilai' lial  I  Iriiii'iits  liii'iii'du|i  hIiois  ;  tlic  ort;aii  is  of  iiainlioo,  and  tla^ 
iTowii  its  siinimil.  wliicli  i>  lioin  fiu'hl  to  ti'ii  ti'i't  liroad.  |iri'ai'liinL;  in  l'llin^s(^  'I'lirso  Cliini'si-  rliori.sliTs  also 
It  is  liiiill  of  liriik,  or  rallirr  it  roiisi>ls  of  a  mass,  or  ,  won'  lials  IioitowimI  IVoin  llio  fa-liimi  of  tlio  iincimt 
loiij;  cTiiliilnknicnt  consliiHlcd  of  iiiiid,  ami  faced  at  |  dynasties,  for  iiotliing  is  so  disres|iectfiil  us  to  icmuiit 
ea(di  side  with  a  contilinoiis  iaiii;e  of  laicks  fonnini^  a  j  tincoveri  d  in  (.'liiiia.  The  Laziiisls  iiave  removed 
)roiita;,'e  for  it.  This  wall,  which  is  tina\ailal)le  in  i  from  .Maeaoto  Sliaii'.diai,  Tins  onler  lias  also  a  colleL'c 
refereliee  to  utility,  eniiineerin;;,  and  ai'cliitectnre,  is,  if  j  and  eoiiM'iit  at  Niiii,'|io.  That  China  may  Mow  he 
viewed  ill  itself,  a  f;ii,'anlic  work  ;  hence  its  erection  |irononncrd  iiiiei|iii\ '.cally  an  <p|ii'n  country,  we  lidievi' 
exiiansted  the  resources  <if  the  einiiirc,  and  luineil  the  i  to  laj  certain.  The  |irincijial  tradini;  towns  on  her 
M'liscle.ssdie-hoaiii;,  «  ho  rcii,'iiiMl.  if  wc  may  lielieve  the  coast,  the  largest  islands  at  tliu  nioiilh  of  her  rivers, 
Kiiiiukicn,  or  Cliiiioe  Annals,  iilioiit  the  tinio  of  tins  lire  now  |iroiioniiccd  acccssihlc  to  the  trade  (d'th-  voild, 
.M.iccaliees.  Me  caused  all  tin?  liooks  he  could  tind.  i  from  the  I'Xtrnii!  east  .ilmn;  her  three  thotisnid  miles 
tliroii'^hont  the  extent  of  his  em  I  lire,  to  lie  liiirned  ;  and  |  of  coa^t,  up  to  the  iior'h,  and  even  to  Pckiii  itself, 
ill  order,  as  it  were,  to  eteiaiise  his  name,  raised  this  j  Of  what  im|ioriaiice  is  this  trade,  and  of  jiow  much 
iiit;loiioius  wall.  The  work  was  liiii>iied  in  livo  year.s,  ,  [jreater  imliorlaiice  it  was  to  the  trade  of  Eii;,dand 
from  l.aiitcliciiii,  the  ea|iilal  of  Kan  son,  as  tar  as  that  .some  chaii<;e  should  have  iieeii  ell'eclcd  in  the 
I 'ham;  hai-kiieii,  where'  it  tcriiiiii.iles,  a  line  of  t'unr  mclliod  of  carryini^  on  coiniiierco  with  China,  can 
hundred  lca<,'uc.s.  The  workmen  eni|iloyed,  hut  never  '  lie  estimated  from  the  tact  tii.it  tln^  lei,'ilimale  e.\|iorls 
|iaid.  w<'re  innumeralile  ;  a  t;reat  ni.iiiy  perished,  some  of  Sli,injj;liai  alone,  d  iiIiil;  If^y.K  wiio  .t  1  l.|l."ili,ll(Ml, 
■  if  starvation,  others  of  fatii{iie  and  I'old.  A  t  leiii,'ili,  ai;.iinst  an  im|iiirl  of  only  .fii,"  l''!.'i-7  sterlin;;,  a. 
at  a  later  ]ifriiid,  the  stupid  and  ferocious  ( 'he  lioaii;;;  lialaiiee  aj;.iiiisl  iis  ol  live  and  a  ipiirter  niilliniis, 
was  assassinated  ill  a  mo>t  awful  manner.  .and  Sh.in:,di  li  rc|iii>iuls  only  one-third  of  the 
v\',,  , .f  ,...1,1,. I   ii...  r  s.li'..!'  I  ...  i.,i.i>    ..„  l>li..i, Ji.,<'      I.' •  I....I..  „.;>i,   I  'I,;,...      'I'l I.. ,,.o  .),,.,.,   ,,..:. I 


or  riioiihav. 


»>  e  neiii  loioin   iiie  >■! i  i.i  i  1011-,   01   i  rcneMai.      r.iin ipcaii  trade  witli   ('liiu.i.      The   customs  iliics   paid 

This  .sea  of  I.ea-loiiL,',   alioiii    foil y  Iciltucs  in  lireadih,     liy  Kiiropeaiis  into  tlii^  pml  id. me,  amounted,  in  llS.Vj, 
is  not  iiavi^alile  <lnriiii,'  llie  wiuicr.     The  imu'r  licud     to  .t;l,.'illl, 7'.'- sterling;, 
of  the   gulf  to  the  nortii   is  entirely  frozen,   ami   llio 
iii.irL;iii    alluo^t   always     coiii,'cali(l    for   many    leagnos 


fioiii  the  shore.      W'c  wandered   ovci'  the  icy  solitudi'S. 


XIV.— CorlllX-ClIINA. 


Ili.'y   .■oii-ist   of  hn^M'   icelici-s  piled   up  like  acciimn-  ^       t,„,  ^,,..,„t   ,.,,,„,;a  Kiopire  of   C is  composed  nf 

l.il,.il.;lill>.  an.lpreseiiliiiu-atadl.stancetheapp..uraiice  „„„„,,„„,    countries    Ivi.n-    hev.aid    its.df,    wlia'h   liav 

ol  ail  imiiicnsc   plain   scatlired  over  with  riiiii.s.       I  his     ,^..,,,,,^,  ,,^  .^    cki.owledgliient  of  a  .soverei:,Mil  v  hn't 

.,ea.  however,    les  in  the  same  laim.de  as  Naples.       1  he  ^,,,,|,„,,    ^,,,,,    vcrv   liudil  Iv  cxerci.sed       These    are  "Mo,,- 

coast  sca.st  and  west  are  thickly  inhalMl.i.   At  tlieendol  ^.^  ,    .M,.„„,|„iria,  'ihilict,  and  tliet  orea,^  (to  each  ,.f 
llici,'ult  theri'are  meadows  allotteil  lor  tlie  pastiiragi' ol 

the  imperial  ca\  ,iliv.     'I'hev  1  .\teiid  verv  far  imrl  liw.ird,  •,    „,              .        .        ,      ,                 ,         .        ,.,. 

,           .1       I        1         '.■     1       1  '                    1       ■     M      1    1         ,1  I  li.' iiiiaii'itv  111  I'litll'  lliiit  pilars  (liuMi  nil"  (  luna  Iniiii  till' 

alon.iX   the  lialiksi.l    the  {.cm,    nearly   t'l  .Moiikdni,  the  ^,^^^,    j„.^,.,|,^  ,,,   :M,i„..,|,ia    la.u'rv,   i,    .lc,<c,  Miul  as  liii.nr  vc.v 

capital  ol  Shin-Kiiiu'.  ill   M.oitchuri.i.       I  he  l'',inp"ror  ol  j,,.,..,,,     T,,,.  mcilicr  ef  sliiv]!  ,  iis-iu- n.c  umIc  in   tlic  no'at  wal'l, 

( 'hina  fancies  lie  has  in  his  limad  meadows  of  .Maiit.hii-     tliat  isii,.ai-,-.st  to  I'lk.n,  al is  i-iiin  iiiil  at  twiiily  live  iialliiMi.s 

Tarlarv  and  Mom,'olla   more  than  11   liundred  llioiisaiid  ai,iai:,lly.     Tlic  tut^ii    naailuT  annually  I'lii.iin^;  riiiiia  iiiny  tlan 

hol-scs':    hut.    verv   ti.r    from     it.      Tho    mandarins    1,,.,^.  1- -sliauli'ilat  frm,  sixl.y  t..  si.t^.livc  .nila.,as.    Heme  slur,.  >„•. 

,   .              1      1     ",  1       ,      ,-        1     •                      ,.            11  ahniist    laliuliiaslv  I'liraii  in  tin.'  iidi-llii'iai  iimvnii'cs,  lull  tlicv  arc 

cultivate  the  nest  lainls  lor  llicir  own  prolit,  anil  leave  •  ■•          ■      ■•  ..      >•              .■           .1 


cultivate  the  Lest  lands   lor  their  own  pmlit,  and  leave  ^  ,,,„.,,,y   „„,j    „.i,|-,    „,„||,    „,•  ,|,„    Yiui-lsc  kimnri    tlic  iimvinns 

the  marshes   nnreclailiicd.       I  In    tlie    llh   of  .March,  we  licynnil,  licinnnivi'iiil  with  r'cc.  Imve  no  pastunncs  wlicicwitli  In 

at  last  reached    the  vill.igt;   of  Y,.I||,'  koall  (Sun    Hotel),  ;  li'cil  tln-ia.      We  n.ay  imw  olitain,  liy   tliis  11 ns.iiii  ciinal  supply 

situated  tin Icamies  from   thi'  .sea,    not   •••r  fioui   the  '  "*' «ci.l  li-nn  Cliini  mi  this  siilc  i.tAsia,  that  «e  arc  sickin^;  Irani 

town  of  Kav  Ichcou.      From  Kav  tdicon,  to  the  olher  I  H";  I'l'f"^",'' ""-'  ln;l'.s  en  th,' otlicr  , ,  ,  ,  p,  ,,, .  „, 

.  ■  •      1      ",        •         ■         .  I       "     ""'  t '"'can  ri'niii>nla  is  a  Inlmlarv  KiiiL-ilinn  "'  I  im.n,  ni 

siile  ut  the  Ainoor.  where  is  tlie  l.ii.ssian  Iroiilicr,  there  j  s,.,,,!^,  ,.v,.rv  vcar,  an  cinhassy  ti.  I'ckin.   'lint  the  an  Imriiy  nf  I 

lies    a    distance    of   live    liunilled   lea;.'iles    (.ilioiit    \'i'f2  '  ('cli>lial  Ivinpirc  nv.r  this  jiciipli' is  pnicly    iiiiniinMl;   no  I'liiiic 

..:!..    l."*....!!    1    .     .  .■    ..1  ;    I.    ...        I  ...    1.     1  I    .',.._   /I      ..i  I  ;. :i,    .1    * :.!..   ;..    i" ....«  ..    if '..<•.>. ...    in     ll...    Cliiiu 


,.....,  V... ;, ■-. .'ipial  supply 

situated  tin Icamies  from   thi'  .sea,    not   •••rfioui   the  ;  nt' vvinHpiin  ('liiiii  ..11 1  lii.sMili'i.r  Asia,  that  vve  arc  s.ckini,' Irani 

11  ■! 
lllie 

_ ^ - n|iin' iiv.r  tins  iiciiplc  IS  I  . 

mill's  Eligli-.|ii,  of  which  two  liiiinlrcd  and    til'tv  (aliollt  j  's  pcnnilud  to  ri-iilc  in    Ceica,   nnr  a  ('.ircaii   in    the   Cliilicse 

lerriliiry.      Sn  >lii:lil    is    the    Ic'iliMj;  nf  ciinnci-linii  lici  vvccn   the 
Minlrics     th.it    llic     Kiissian     .\ilniiral     I'unliiitin   was    at    cniu 

11VI...'.,I  'lil.K..,        1,1111111.11,1,  mill  Dili   \,   .111,-11         IjIM- 

intelliL;encc  of  ihc  arrival  of  certain  appointed  vessels, 
either  for  our  own  iiinrii  or  in  advi.lKe  of  the  expedi- 
tion, in  funher.ince  of  whiell  our  iinpiirics  had   lieeii  1 

d  i  reeled  ."  .  .m',.    i  m-    „  .u  n  im  n,  ,,.. ' ■  ,.  ., ,;       ., 

v         '.,,  1     •    •    ,1        r        -i        o  ..  r»     ,       iir  ■       evil  .'cnii  ;  in  ri'alitv,  hinvcvcr,  liy  the  .Maii.lar'.ns,  wliiise  particular 

.Near   Mialigliai    is  the  .lesiilt  college   of  /e-ka-\\  el.  !  i,l,.,„  „|- p„li,ical  ec'inimy  hail   tlivm  to  iiif.T  lliattln.so  vvlni  hunt 

it  has  ahout   ime   hundred   jnipils,   who   work  thirteen     fur  gohl  are    not   likely  to  sow  tla-  earth    thiy  dm   "•■      '"■■• 


— .n  ■       '     ^.'   ' 

77lj  miles    are  freipieiiled  liy  furce  and  sav.igi;  trihes 
lleri!  our  duties  ti'rminated,    and   we  awaited   th 


euinlnes  tli.it  llic  Kiissian  .\ilniiral  runlnitni  was  at  cniu 
time  iilili;.'iil  Id  iiili  I'l'ie  (in  lichilfut  llic  slnpwnckiil  crew  if  a 
Ciiineso  Jnnk,  wli  "•1  the  Cureans  vvirc  aliiint  tn  niassacre.  The 
riv.rs  in'this  einii  n  f.ll  nV' r  heels  nf  -uM.  The  e\islence  of 
three  giilil  iiiines  i-«ill  kn.iwn,  twii  i.f  wliieli  are  mil  vviirked, 
heeaiis,.  the  vvi.rknien,  as  I  lie  natives  tell  us,  are  ilriven  away  liy 
,..      ,  1-.  .1     M   ..  1 1 >•:„..<... 


up.     Tliu 


\\i 


CTIINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   AND   JAPAN. 


whii'li  w<!  linvp  liroTi  clDsrly  n|i[irii\iriiiilin'^  t'niiii  llii' 
fliilfof  l.cf.d  tiiin;)  llii-  l-oiit'liiMi  ImIii, 'riiiikiiii;,  t'iiMi- 
lici^iii,  and  CimIuii  Cliiiin,  tn  tlm  lillir  of  wliicli  \m' 
UDW  |iiii'iiciiliirly  ii(liln'.sM  oiiiNflvc-*. 

Till"  ioiiiic\|iiiliiinii  (it'll  Kiciicli  iiiiil  SiiiiiiUli  lorcc 
to  Oiicliiii  < 'liiim,  (lis|.iitrlic'il,  ill  l><-"i''<,  to  iiMlif,'"  the 
I'liicl  iiiiinlri'  (if  t«o  ('Mtlioli(:  liMNsiiinarii '^i,  twelve 
native  priotN,  iiml  liiirticli  liiitivo  < 'lirisliaiiM,  liesiclcs 
tli(!  (le.sli'iii'linn  of  llie  convent!*  iilid  eliMnlies  of  tlie 
( 'hi'ihtiiin  coiiiiiMinily,  reunited  in  llie  cii|itnre  of  tlie 
tiMdiM)r  town  iind  |>i>i't.  lit  tlie  mouth  of  tlio  river 
Siiii,'on,  till)  (li'slnietiiiii  of  its  fort.-i,  and  tin'  taking 
liosseHsion  of  lliu  iidjaeeiit  district  of  'I'oiirani!,  tliu 
ex|ieditioii  terininaliii;;  its  cMiii|iaii,'ii  liy  ii  jjullant  vic- 
tory over  MttOO  (Jo 'liiii  (Jliinr>e,  who  wen;  (liiveii  out 
ot  11  strong  liiii)  of  fcM'tilications  iit  the  [loiiit  of  the 
liayolict  hy  h'ss  than  l,l»ll()  Knro|ieaii  troo|is. 

At  tilt!  Honlliern  exticnii(y  of  Aula,  iiiid  ]iarallel 
with  India,  |iropeiiy  so  callcil,  lies  a  vast  |ieninsnla, 
extcndin;,' from  tln^  I'Jthto  the  inHlh  deizive  of  cast 
loii;,'itnde,  and  fnim  the  tropic  of  Caiicrr  to  the  Kcpia 
tor.  I'oundeil  on  the  iiortli  liy  Chiiia,  'I'lliet,  I'MMitan, 
and  I?cn;;al,  and  on  tla^  other  three  sides  hy  the  sea, 
it  is  aliiiMst  encircleil  liy  the  Ainlaiiiaii  Islands,  iSinna 
t.-ii,  liorneo,  ami  the  l'liili|i|pines.  \\  hiUt  its  indented 
shores  are  roiindeil  towards  the  cast,  it  forms  almost  a 
stiiiii,'lit  line  in  tho  west,  termiiiatinif  in  the  iieiiinsnla 
ot  iMalacca  to  the  siaiili.  .\  eh  liii  of  liionntaiiis,  ciai 
nectcd  with  the  lliiiial.i\a  raiiiie,  reaclns  from  the 
trontiers  of  China  to  thi^  Siriils  of  Siiii,'a|jnre,  dividiiii,' 
the  cimntry  into  two  parts,  and  K'^''"J?  ''''*''  '"  ''vers, 
which  llow  friaii  their  sides  to  the  riifht  and  left.  'I'lie 
Son^'  ka,  .Me-koii,  or  .Mav  koiii;,  and  Mo-naiii,  or  M.iv- 
niim,  disch.ir;,'!'  themselves  into  the  .sea  "t  China; 
whilst  the  Salmieii,  the  Irawaddi,  and  J!ralinia-|puolr.i, 
tliw  into  the  ll.iy  of   lieiijial. 

'I'lii;  popnlatinii  of  this  vast  coiiiilry  amounts  to  only 
t\ventv-li\e  millions,  a  cunseipiencc  of  tli.'  insaliilnity 
of  till!  country.  Numerous  trilies,  liavi'c^  their  ori;;iii 
ill  I'ppcr  liidiii,  overs|ireal  '.lie  innlherii  ]iidviiiccs, 
hut  li.ive  heeii  as  yet  iiiiicccssilili!  to  the  curiosity  ot 
travellurs.  'I'liu  snutlicru  shores  art;  covered  with  colo- 
nics of  Malays,  a  wirlike  people,  who  havo  also  overrun 
the  iiei'^hlMMiriiii;  islands.  Two  distant  nations,  how- 
ever, divide  lict\v(M'U  them  the  cmiiiitMif  tho  ]n'ninsiila. 
'1  he  Assam  and  tins  l>urm.iu  empire  hetokeii,  hy  pre- 
servation of  castes  and  name,  their  Indian  nationality 
and  proximity;  whilst  the  Ann.imite  empire,  which  is 
on  the  frontiers  of  Chiii.i,  is  triluifary  to  that  onuntry. 
and  liorrows  from  it  its  military  and  civil  constitution, 
its  Worship  of  CiHifuciiis,  its  lani;uai,'o  of  nioiiosyllahlcs, 
and  its  writiiiii;  the  expression  of  word.s,  not  ideas.  It 
is,  thcicfori!,  doiHiminate(l  ju--tly  an  liido  Cliincso  I'eiiin- 
sula.  I'liddhisni,  the  reliirmcd  rclif^ioii  of  liraliminisni, 
rcifiii.s,  however,  alike  over  hoth  eiii|iir(  s,  from  the 
hanks  of  tho  Irawaddi  to  thoso  of  the  Son;,' ka;  a  reli- 
gion which  has  for  ages  siihjccted  niif-t/nrd  o/thi'.  Iiidhhh 
r<K'e  to  tho  saint!  moral  and  intellectual  servitude,  and 
now  llrst  confronted  with  the  law  of  Christ,  in  its 
purity  ami  simplicity. 

In  l.").")7,  when  Francis  Xavier  first  led  forth  Chris- 
tianity in  all  its  majesty,  to  |irosclyti.se  and  liuiiianise 
thuse  regions  which  the  sword  had  conijuered,  a  liishopric 


Riissinii  iliiiin  of  tlip  prciit  siiiitliern  lii'tiil  iif  the  Anioor,  mid  lior 
IHisscssion  of  tl'C  river  Smipiri,  or  Seiiiipiri,  as  well  119  oilier 
ntHueiit8  of  tlie  AiiUHir,  lirinj;  licr  ill  tcrrihlo  proxiiiiity  to  the 
CoriHiiis,  whose  iiidcpviiileif(»  ia  (criously  nieiiacod. 


was  estalilisheil  at  Molucca,  to  follow  np  such  sjiiritiiBl 
instructions  lis  hail  crept  in  since  l."i:.'l,  when  the  I'or. 
tllL.'Uesc  n.u  ii,'aliirs  tirst  reached  tlies'  slwitcs.  Intu  tho 
history  of  the  ell  lire  h  here  our  limits  foi  liid  lis  to  enter. 
\Vc  may,  hmvever,  hrielly  notice  that  the  teiiitorv  was 
divided  into  live  viearatcs  apostolic  of  A\aanil  I'eyii, 
Siaiii,  CoeliJM  ( 'hiiia,  western  and  eastern  'roin;  kini;. 
'I'liis  will  si  ow  the  st.ite  of  ( 'hi  jsi  ianity  ill  luilo  ( 'hiiia 
under  ihe  lloiiiaii  (,'alliolie  ( 'lain  h. 

In  till?  kiii;;dnni  of  Aniiain,  honleiiiif;  on  China,  tin? 
Word  of  tJoil,  liist  heard  i;i  I0:.'7,  was  responded  to  liy 
I'llD.IIDO  ciunci-sions.  .M.M.  (le  la  Mothe  J„(mlicrt  anil 
I'alla,  sent  to  ^'Jitherin  this  liaiM'st,  founded,  to  supply 
11  BllcccHsion  of  fellow-laliolirers,  the  Society  of  I''orei(.;ii 
.Missions  in  I'aris,  so  many  of  whose  hrethreii  have 
since  nolily  vmui  the  liloody  palm  of  iiiaiiynlom  in 
di-tant  lands.  Calin  and  pcrsetulioli  siici  ceiled  each 
other  ill  tlieir  usual  eonr-e,  until  the  Idshop  of  .\dran 
was  called  to  ti.e  councils  of  the  Kinj;  of  Aiinain,  and 
(•111  rusted  with  the  ei  I  neat  ion  of  the  heir  to  the  throne. 

.Ml   .seel 1    fr:iui;lit  with  the  lirifihtest  Chiistian  hope, 

until  the  ascent  of  the  tyrarit  iMiiili  .Mcni,'totlie  tliioiie 
liriaiiiht  with  it  cruel  persecution  ;  f.r,  like  I 'iocletiaii, 
he  declared  his  |iuipose  of  lootinj}  out  the  very  name  of 
Christian 

A  worthy  missionary  of  olden  times  —  one  of  the 
first  in  Ihe  kiii;,'iloni — ]!orri,  a  Milanese,  of  the  .So 
ciety  of  Jesus,  deserihes  Cochin  ('liiiia  as  ''a  land 
as  to  its  climate  and  seasons  of  the  year  hahitalile, 
on  account  of  the  friiilfiilness  of  its  soil,  ulioiind- 
in<;  ill  ]iriivisions,  fruit,  hirds  and  heasts,  and  tht.' 
sea  in  choice  and  ilelieioiis  tisli  ;  and  most  healthy, 
lieeaiise  of  the  t  xcel.ent  temperature  of  the  air,  ilisn 
iiiucli  that  tlic.se  peiple  do  not  yet  know  what  the 
|>laL;uc  is.  It  is  rich  in  ^'old,  silver,  silk,  coliimha,  and 
other  tliilii;s  of  i;reat  value,  lit  for  trade  on  account  of 
the  ports  and  resort  of  all  nations;  peaeeahle  hecaiise 
of  their  loviiij,',  jieiierons.  and  sweet  disposition;  and 
lastly  secure,  not  only  hy  tho  valour  and  hravery  of  the 
('ochin  ('liinesc,  aceonnltd  sm  h  hy  other  countries, 
and  their  store  of  arms  and  skill  in  nian.ii,'iiii,'  them  ; 
hut  even  hy  nature,  \\  liich  has  inclosed  it  on  the  one 
side  hy  Ihe  sea,  iiiiil  on  the  other  hy  the  rocky  alps  and 
iineouth  moiintaiiis  of  the  Keiiiois.  This  is  that  part 
of  the  earth  called  Cochin  China,  which  wants  iiothiii;,' 
to  make  it  a  jiart  of  heaven,  hiit  that  God  should 
.send  thither  a  j,'reat  many  of  liis  aiii;els — .so  St.  .(ohn 
Clirysostoiu  calls  apostolical  men,  and  iireachcrs  of  the 

Cocliin-China  is,  like  China,  divided  into  a  iiiimher 
of  provinces,  hut  these  may  he  ;,'r(iupcd  into  three  };reat 
(li\  isioiis  ;  the  north  .ir  liii,di  ( 'ochin  China,  whose  capi- 
tal, Jluali,  is  tho  royal  city;  the  central,  in  which  is 
sitiiateil  the  fine  port  of  Toni-.ine,  or  Toiiranni!  of  the 
Fit  iich,  and  now  occii|iied  liy  that  jiower,  hut  hy  the 
natives  known  simply  as  Ilaii  or  Tur  haii  ;  and  the 
city  of  Fail'ii,  which  was  for  a  loiii;  time  the  coin- 
niercinl  centre  of  the  country.  The  wars  which  deso- 
lated Cochiii-China  at  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century 
tlcstroyed  the  city  in  yreat  part,  although  it  still  con- 
tains a  considerahle  Chinese  ]io]iulatioii  in  addition  to 
the  natives,  and  who  carry  on  a  tolerahly  active  coiu- 
nicrcial  intercourse  with  the  mother  country.  This 
tli.strict  isalike  picturesipie  and  fertile,  and  at  the  same 
timeless  unwholesomt!  thin  some  others,  from  its  heing 
hilly. 

Further  to  Ihe  south  is  the  port  of  Kua-gia,  in  n 
region   of  crumhliii<;   lirick   towers — relics  of  a   once 


\ 


IS8 


AU.   ROOND  TUB  WORIJ). 


;, 


jKiwcifiil  clyrmsty,  known   a»  tliut   of  Sininpii.     Tliis,  | 
(i>;iiiii,  in  fdiliiwril  liy  till'  |inrt  nt'  NlmliMMi,'  nr  Hiiilioii, 
ilisjiMsi'il  in  II  kill! I  of  iiiii|>liiilM':iti<',  u  illi  |>l;iiiiiitioiis  iit 
arfc'ii,  lirlil  iHit,  yiiivcM  (pf  iiiiilliii  IV,  mill  lii'liln  of  rice. 
A     Fli'lnll    ollinr    CMIlslnirlnl    II    Nllolinllulil     lit    tins  I 
|ioiiit,  wliiili  Nii-li'iii'l   two  [<ii'.is:   (iMi-  ill    17!'2,  iiml  | 
iiiiotliiT  ill   171'!.     'I'lii'  ol.lcr  ciiiHtiil  of  tlu-  Si;iiii|M'M' 
or  l.oVH  WIS  Hitiiiili'ij  ill    tlif  soimIii'I'ii  |im't  of  Ci'iitnil  . 
<'iii'liiii  l'iiiii:t  u  ii'^'ioii  Nsliii'li   |iriiiiiu'i's  ('lidiiy,  iiiiil  thu 
still    iiioni    Viilimlili)    Kiiiaiii    or    brrntcil    ('aiticwooii. 
'I'lii'si'  SiMiii|ii'sii   liiul   omc   I'liiiiiiirii'iiil   irlitioiiH  witii 
tlio  II  itioiis  of  till-  fxtniiiii    I'.iist,  iiiiil  wi'  all'    tolij  nf 
oiii)  of  till'  .liiviiiirsi'  ciniM  Tni-i  wiililin;;  a  ilaiij,'lili'r  of 
till!  Kiii<{i>f  >iaiii|i:i,  ill  till'  llfli'i'iilli  (riitiin;    l<ut  tin' 
fi'w  that  fi'iiiaiii  in  tlio  ini'scni  ilav  ihvrll  away  in  tin; 
iiiiiiliitaiii  I'l'e'css  s.  I 

r.astly,  WIS  liavi'  tlm  sniitlii'iMi  jmrtiim  of  rochiti-  i 
(  liiiiiv,  wliii'h  ('iiiii|ii'iMS  a  |iait  of  Cliuiilionia,  foriiinly 
kiiiiwii  as  l)ll^'  iiai,  tin'  tii'M  of  ili'iT,  Init  now  ili'.-i;,' 
nalt'il  Saiynii.  'I'liis  ilistriit  is  in  rrality  coiistitiili'il 
hy  till!  ili'lt  I  of  till!  yii'at  rivi'i'  M  ly-Kmi;;,  ainl  it  anil 
it.s  i'a|iitiil  liivi!  )iassi'il  away  iiitu  tin-  liainls  cif  tliu 
Kri'iii'li.  That  hrainh  of  tin)  .May  Koiii;  U|ioii  wjiicli 
till'  |mi't  ami  town  of  Saiiti'ii  is  Imilt,  can  lo  iiavigatt'il 
liv  till!  iariii'st  nii'ichanlii  '11  for  a  ilistaini!  of  sixty 
miles  froiii  its  mouth. 

'rill'  mi'iiory  of  a  j.n'cat  |iiii't  attaches  it-df  tn  this 
river.  Oaiiioeiis  was  ri'Mii'iiiii:^  frniii  liis  exile  at  Macao, 
in  l.'dll  ;  lie  was  oa  his  w  iv  to  enjoy,  in  the  liosoni 
of  his  fiiiiily,  a  furtiiiie  which  he  hail  ciiiii|iii'iiil  liy  his 
iiiiliHli'V,  when  11  frii,'liifiil  teiii|iest  arose,  ami  the  slii|p 
that  liore  him  was  str.iml"'!  anl  lu'iikeii  u|i.  Me  iievci'. 
iheless  saveil  liimself,  ami  with  liim  the  iiiaiiiiscri|it  ol 
the  "  Liisiail.''  ■'Look  at  the  river  Mecoiii,"  he  .says, 
'•  proi-l.timeil  sovereii,'!!  of  rivers,  as  it  tlnws  tlinaiyh 
the  [ilains  of  ( 'aiiil'iiL;i:i.  One  iliy,  in  the  liiiilst  of  its 
repose,  it  receiveij  on  it.s  lios|iilalilt!  liank.s  verses 
moistenoil  with  the  ocean's  waves,  ami  iire.served  from 
u  i^rievo'is  ami  miseralili)  wreck,  w  en  struck  hy  an 
unjust  decree,  liu  to  whos'  .somiriiiis  lyre  liioro  i;liiry 
null  roiiowu  are  acconleil  than  lia|i|iines.s,  foiiinl  liimself 
oast  away  aiiiiilst  |irivatioiis  ami  ilaiii,'ci'S  iiiiuimerahle." 
(Lusiad,  X.  1J7  ) 

In  l<it.'5  a  I>uleli  emhas.sy  went  nj)  this  river,  under 
the  iinfortiin  ite  liet;eiiiiiie-i,  who  wa.s  as.sissinated  with 
all  his  followers,  at  the  iiiomeiit  when  ho  was  aliout  to 
he  iiitl'odiic 111  to  an  ainlieiiee  willi  the  kill;;.  The  two 
ships  that  l)roii'.^ht  them  were  then  seized  and  thu 
crews  mass,icred. 

Two  years  lielore  that  the  eiiler|iri~:ni;  Van  Diemen, 
who  had  foumled  the  l>iitih  factory  at  Toiii)niii,  and 
nude.'  whose  auspices  it  wils  that  the  uiifortiiiiale  at- 
tempt was  made  to  win  over  the  murderous  Kiiij^  of 
('aiiilio<;ia  to  commercial  intercoinniunication,  liail 
ori^aliiscd  an  explor.itury  expedition  up  thi!  May-koim 
to  the  kiii'.;doiii  of  Laos  The  party  succeeded  in 
asceiidinj.;  in  boats  as  far  as  to  Wiiik-yan,  which  was 
at  tli.it  time  the  Kovil  City  Tlii-y  found  the  river 
to  he  wide  ill  jilaces,  hut  in  others,  on  the  contrary, 
to  he  narrow,  apd  ohstructed  liy  rocks  They  hml 
often  indeed,  to  etlect  jiort :ii,'es.  and  lencv,-  the  iiavii;a- 
tion  at  a  higher  point  \'illa'^'es  and  towns  were  met 
with  on  the  hanks  of  the  river,  pretty  will  hiiilt,  after 
the  tiisliion  of  the  country  ;  and  they  were,  all  ;,etlii'r, 
seven  weeks  on  their  journey.  The  emhii.ssy  wa.s  no*- 
unfavouialily  rei'(!iveil,  albeit  all  the  extravagantly 
exclusive  and  vain  observances  of  an  oriental  despot 
i.iu  wirr  as  usual  adhered  to  ;    but  all   the  advantages 


that  cniild  have  liecn  denveil  from  thn  oxpeilitinn  Were 
frustrated  by  a  iialiNe  revoliition, 

Althiiiigh  so  little  visited  by  I'airiipeans,  niid  it 
appears  to  lie  Very  doubtful  (althoiieh  Spanish  iiiiHsion- 
iiries  from  the  I'liilippineH  wrote  in  l.V.Ml  of  l.nim  as 
a  rich  ami  powerful  country,  and  as  if  lliey  knew  it 
peiMiiially)  if  the  missionaries  really  did  visit  it,  Ijuh 
is  kiiiiwii  in  actual  times  to  be  a  depemlent,  prostrated, 
miscriibie  emiiitry,  to  which  (''cliiii  t'liina  professes  to 
be  a  niotlier  and  Siam  a  father  !  The  father,  indeed, 
iiillii'ts  Honictimcs  a  lillle  parental  chastiM'meiit,  im  in 
l"--!^,  when  the  king  of  l.,ios,  having  omitted  to  send 
the  tree  of  gold  emblem  of  \assal  telime  to  liaiikok, 
an  iiriiiy  of  twenty  Ihoiisand  men  was  sent  to  put  Laos 
to  till' lire  and  sword- a,  siiMige  misNion  which  is  said 
to  have  been  eariicd  out  to  the  letter,  the  king  him- 
self h.'iviiig  been  iiiaile  prisoner,  and  conducted  to 
liankok  in  an  iron  cage,  whcic  lie  was  siibjcclid  to 
the  most  atrocious  tortures  that  oriental  ingcniiily 
could  devise, 

Kli'|iliants,  rliineccroses,  tigers,  monkeys,  boars,  ami 
deer,  till!  latter  of  very  large  .size,  are  met  with  in  these 
countries.  Thu  elephant  is  a  wvy  tine  animal,  similar 
to  the  one  of  Heligal.  The  best  conii!  from  Caiiibogia, 
and  our  ('liinese  autliority,  before  ipioteil,  says  that 
there  are  ."i.tKHI  kept  tor  llie  piii|ioM'  of  war.  Ccrlain 
it  is,  that  amongst  the  Coi  hint  liinese  the  clepliaiit  is  a 
most  ii.Mltil  iiiid  iiidefitigable  ncivaiit.  The  lioiscs  are 
small  but  agile  ;  iisses  and  mules  are  also  C'lmnnin 
The  number  of  tame  cattle,  such  as  Imlliiloes  and  co«s, 
is  said  li>  be  M'ly  great  The  liiilliilo  is  a  large  animal 
ill  ('','imliiigia,  but  il  ilw  iiiilles  down  in  ( 'm  hin-Chiiia  to 
a  small  i'i'ilili.>-li-bi'o\\n  bea.-<l  without  a  liuiiip.  Sliangr 
to  say,  the  natives,  like  m.iiiy  oilier  people  of  the 
extreme  east,  do  not  partake  of  the  llesli  of  blltlldoes 
or  tows,  and  actually  abhor  milk  ! 

Cochin-China   is  the  iiiiligei.mis  country  of  tlie  do 

luestie    fowl.       It    would    liarilly    be    thought   that   the 

tall,  long-legged  .species      the  liiinr  of  a  iiioiii.  lit  111  this 

country— was  the  |iiogen  lor  of  our  own  diminulivc 

liiee.      Th(!  rearing  of  high  bred  Mirietiis  of  fowls  is  a 

pa.'-'sion  also    with  the   I 'ochin-t  hinese,    iiml    the  eriiel 

spectacle    of   a    coi;kliglit     coiis.itiitcs   one    of    their 

national   iiastiims.      Wild    ducks  cover   the  lakes  and 

marshes,    and    even   tliu    rice    imiiid;ition,s,  at    certain 

.sea.soiis   of   the    year,    and    tame  ducks   iire  reareil  in 

im  redibli!  numbers,   A  l.irge  white  guose,  of  ii  diircniit 

breed  from  that  seen  in  ('lima,  is  reared  at  Saigon. 

Kisli  abiaiml  in  the  lakes  and  rivers,  as  also  on   the 

I  coast        The  fisheries  on  the  latter,  especially,  are  very 

|iroduitivi',    iiiiil   the  fish   are   of  the  ranst  and  must 

delieious  kinds.    A  great  liuiiiber  of  hands  are  employed 

cariying  fi.>li    from    the  sea-eoast  to  all  parts    of  the 

i  kingdom,  as  well  as  what  are  engaged   in  tlie  fisheries 

theiii.selve.s.      'I'he  ( 'ocliiii  ( 'liinese  Use   a  kind   of  sauce 

,  which  they  call  bahicliiani,  made  of  .salt  fish  iiiaceratcil 

:  and    stiejicd    in    water.     This  is  a  sharp   liipior,    not 

unlike  mustard,  and   serves  more  especially  to   render 

the  ordinarv  boiled    rice    palatalilo.     The  islands  al.so 

abound  in  tiie  edible  nesis  of  the  salang.in  swallow. 

I      The  population  of  ('ochin-China  is  coiuposed  of  four 

ilistinct  rices:     the    Annamito,    the     Canibojiim,    or 

Cambogians,  the  ShampeM',  or  Cliampe.se,  or  J.K>ys,  and 

the  .Moys.     The  .Vniiamite  race   con.-titiites   the   chief 

i  population  of  Tonipiin  and  Cochin  (,'liina.      The  inliabi- 

j  tantsof  these  two  countrie.s,  although  freipiently  nt  war, 

speak  the  .samt!   language,   are  gmenied    by  the   same 

laws,aiid  are  controlled  by  the  same  habits  and  nmunurs. 


If"fl      '    I 


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CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


163 


Thp  Oaiiibngians  call  theiiiselvos  Kanitner,  or  Koomicn; 
tla-y  spoik  ii  (litrcri'iit  laii<juii;^e  IVoin  that  of"  neigh boiir- 
iiij^  nations,  but  tiicy  ivscnililt'  tho  Sianiost?  more  than 
any  ottuT  ])('()|ilf  in  tlu'ir  iippciirancc,  their  laws  and 
relif;i(>n,  and  their  state  of  civilisaticin.  'i'he  latter  is 
of  ancient  date  :  they  ustMl  to  send  aniliassadors  to 
Clii.ia  in  the  yt'iir  GIG.  Constantly  at  war  witii  iSiani 
on  the  one  side,  and  Coehiu-China  on  the  otiier,  they 
appear  to  have  attain(Ml  the  zenith  <>f  their  power  in 
the  tentli  century  In  the  twelfth,  tliey  snlijecteil  the 
latter  country.  Kubiai  Kh. in  invaded  them  in  1-'G8, 
but  tlie  i;reat  Tartar  conqueror  appeared  to  have  con- 
tented himself  with  an  aci<nowleilj{nient  of  submission. 
In  1717,  tho  Siamese  invaded  tlie  co\intry,  and  the 
sovereign,  oliliged  to  .seek  tin!  a.ssistance  of  tlie  C'ocliin- 
(!iiiiiese,  fell  into  the  power  of  his  an.xiliaries  From 
that  time  to  the  [iresent,  this  fertili^  and  populou.s,  but 
uidbrtunate  country,  has  been  the  'onstant  .seat  of 
troubles. 

We  may  now  revert  to  tin;  good  Bishop  of  Adran  and 
his  royal  charge,  with  whom  ho  took  refuge  in  liankok, 
when,  the  king  of  Siam  falling  in  love  wilii  the  si.ster 
of  Gia-Song,  ipiarrols  en.sued,  which  led  to  the  exiles 
once  more  regaining  the  proti'ction  of  their  island. 
The  Hisliop  of  Adran  conceived  in  this  extremity  that 
France  might  diM'ivo  advantages  by  coming  to  the 
succour  of  the  bani.shed  monarch.  Filled  with  this 
idea,  he  s;iiled  for  Kuro[)0,  in  company  with  the  king's 
eldest  .son,  a  boy  of  six  or  seven  yen's  of  ago.  The 
bishop  Wiis  well  received  at  the  court  of  Louis  XVI., 
his  |)rojects  were  countonauceil,  and  it  was  resolved  to 
send  ships  and  men  to  n;  establish  the  king  on  his 
throne,  on  the  condition  of  a  large  cession  of  territory 
to  the  French,  and  tlu  furnishing  of  a  contiiigent  of 
1)0,01)0  men,  to  enable  France  to  hold  jiossessioii  of 
her  new  accpiisitions 

liUi^kily  for  Uia-Hong,  this  |)iMJected  assi.stanco, 
which  would  have  made  (Jochin-Chin  i  a  Fri'iich  |)ro- 
viuci!,  was  never  carrieil  out.  The  liishop  arrived  at 
I'o'idicherry  with  instructions  to  the  Count  de  Conway, 
governor-geui'ral  of  the  French  e.stablishmeut  in  India, 
losnpply  tho  necessary  forces.  ISut  .MadanuMle  X'icnne, 
mistress  <pf  tho  c  lurt,  taking  olfence  at  tho  bishop's 
maimers  towartls  her,  pri'vailed  upon  him  not  to  act 
in  eouforniily  with  his  iustrnetions,  and  the  l)i.shop 
was  obliged  to  Join  tin"  king  at  Saigon,  where  he  had 
by  thit  time  succeeded  in  establishing  hiiusi'lf  with 
some  fourteen  or  tifteeu  adventurers,  among  whom 
were  .several  Fnglish  and  Irish  ollicers.  Thc.si!  nien 
orgauished  an  army,  created  a  fleet,  and  were  in  great 
part  the  moans  of  restoring  this  monarch  to  the  throne 
of  his  ancestors,  and  of  a  Iding  to  it  the  richer  and 
more  populous  country  of  Tompiin.  The  king  also 
began  witli  the  siuu'  a-isistanee  many  im|irovements. 
lie  est  ililisiieil  a  m  ituifa  'tory  of  .saltpetre,  openiMl  roads 
of  communication,  and  encouraged  cultivation.  lie 
distributed  his  land  forces  into  regular  regiuu'iiis,  anil 
est.iblisheil  military  schools,  in  which  otiicers  were 
instrnctei'  by  Knropeans  He  also  formed  a  fleet, 
consisting  of  three  hundred  large  gnn-boats  or  row 
galleys,  five  luggers,  and  a  frigate,  on  the  mmlel  of  a 
EuroiH'an  vessel,  lie  also  undi'rtook,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  tluM>isho|i,  to  reform  the  system  of  jurispr\i- 
dence ;  but  although  he  openly  declared  his  great 
venerafion  for  the  Christi.m  religion,  Ik^  adhered  to 
tho  aiu'ient  ri'ligion  of  his  own  country.  In  l>Oii, 
taking  advantage  of  dissensions  which  jirevailcd  in 
Cauibogia,    (iia-Song,    partly    by    force    of   arms    ai\d 


partly  by  intrigue,  acquired  the  most  valuable  purl  of 
that  country,  and  thus  established  one  of  the  most 
extensive  and  best  organi.stul  powers  in  the  extreme 
east  The  fortifications  and  arsonah^  at  Huuh  and 
SaTgon  excite  the  adraii-ation  of  strangers  to  the  present 
day. 

(iia-Song,  who  has  been  compared  to  Peter  the 
Great  and  to  our  Alfred,  died  in  1819,  at  sixty-three 
years  of  age.  He  was  the  first  who  bore  the  title  of 
em])eror.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Minh-Mengh, 
who  possessed  some  of  the  military  qualities  of  his 
father,  but,  instead  of  tolt>ruting  the  Roman  Catholic 
missionaries,  as  the  former  had  done,  he  was  all  the 
time  of  his  reign  their  bitterest  foe  and  direst  enemy. 
So  they  dubbed  him  the  Nero  of  Cochin-China.  This 
systtMu  of  persecution  was  persevered  in  by  the  suc- 
cessor of  Miidi-.Men„li,  Thien  Iri,  and  Tu-Ouk,  the 
])resent  sovereign;  but  it  si'cms,  as  in  most  other 
instances,  to  have  only  .served  to  augment  the  zeal 
of  tho  missionaries,  and  to  increase  the  luimbor  of 
converts. 

The  political  system  of  the  Cochin-China  govern- 
ment is  like  that  of  all  countries  beyon<l  the  (langes, 
one  of  extrtMne  caution  and  aversion  to  any  intimate 
connection  with  neighbouring  [jowers.  The  sove- 
reignty is  despotic,  and  yet  it  assumes  to  be  patriarchal 
and  paternal.  The  whole  empiro  is  administered  as 
one  family,  and  the  bamboo  is  tho  chief  instrument 
employed  to  keep  all  parties  in  order !'  There  is  no 
nobility,  save  that  conferrtnl  by  functions  The  civil 
and  military  otHcers  are,  like  tlie  mamlarins  in  China, 
divided  into  ton  classes.  The  first  two  as.si.st  in  the 
king's  council.  There  are  thus  only  two  social  classes, 
tho  people  and  the  mandarins.  Rich  provuice  is 
ruled  by  one  military  and  two  civil  mandarins,  who 
are  expected  to  act  in  concert.  Each  province  is 
divided  into  three  kuyens  or  departments,  each  kuyen 
into  four  foos  or  districts,  and  each  foe  into  a  certain 
nnmln'r  of  village.?,  whose  mugistrate.s,  elected  by  the 
pea.sants,  have  to  collect  the  taxes.  Tho  system  is,  at 
all  events,  sim|)le,  and  ought  to  bo  efficient.  But  it 
is  damaged  by  niischiovous  laws,  as,  for  example,  the 
sei'vitudo  of  every  male  after  he  is  of  age.  Every 
adult  must  be  a  soldier,  or  a  sailor,  a  workman  in  the 
ai-senals,  public  roads,  or  a  mandarin's  servant. 

The  military  power  is  said  to  be  u])held  by  a  royal 
guard  of  forty  regiments  of  GOO  men,  with  their 
ollicers,  elephants,  and  waggon  tniin.  Of  the  800 
elephants  that  belong  to  the  are.iy,  1.30  are  always 
stationea  in  the  capital.  Tlieie  are,  'u  addition  to 
these  royal  troops,  live  legions,  each  of  five  regiments, 
and  provincial  militia,  the  nuuilier  of  which  varies 
greatly.  The  vieeroyalty  of  Saigon,  for  examphs  hius 
sixteen  regiments.  There  is  no  cavalry.  The  men 
are  short  of  stiture,  but  robust,  active,  accustomed  to 
fatigue,  easy  to  instruct,  and  obedient. 

The  Cochin  Chiiu'so  are  low  in  stiture  (averaging 
about  five  feet  three  inches),  with  a  round  head  ami 
face,  low  forehead,  little  brown  round  eyes,  not  so  much 


'  Tlie  extent  to  wliic'li  tin'  liaslinudd  svstoin  is  nirricil  on  in 
OH'liin-China  is  pesitivcly  riiiiculnu^.  I'liriiits  Imstiiiiulo  tlnir 
I'lilMri'ii,  liu>huiuls  tlicir  wives,  oltieers  their  snldiers,  ireiitviils 
tlieii*  uHieers.  'file  I'rinie  Minister  Imviii^  granted  a  fiiri'\M  li 
iiutiieiiee  to  Mr.  Cfawtonl's  mission,  lie  liitil  tla'  whole  tr< op  of 
i  roval  eomeiliiiiis  hastiniiiloeil  in  liis  presenee,  heeiiuse  lie  v  iis  not 
'  sati-lieil  willi  llieir  perlonnanee !  Kvervwiiere,  uiiil  nt  nil  liniiB. 
Ilie  liiiinlioo  i>  in  rei[nisiiioii,  iiiid  is  apjiealetl  to  to  euttlu  every 
ilillereneo. 


1«1 


A!-L    hound  TllR   WOULD. 


i'l 


riirvt>il  lis  thi>  (^liitn'si'.  siii:ill  iwisc,  lari;i'  inoulli.  |in«mi- 

In'lll  li|w,  illlil  iiMl-^iiliTll'li'  cXIMlwriil  till"  liiWiT  |i.\rt 
ot'tlii'  tliri'.  All  till'  iii,lllirr-.t:ill<)|isiit' liuv  iiiti'llii^cMi-i', 
f^i'iKJ   iiiliirr,  :iiiil   li.iiiUiii's'i.  wliii'h    piiM'iiiiiiciillv    ilis 

lill^lll>lli'>   tllrlM    I'l'MMI    llll'Cllilli'Sl',  lllC  Si;|llU--c'.   :ll|i|    till' 

.MaliNs  riic  |iii\  .lU'iit  lint  is  vi'llmvi^li.  ami  ft'  llii' 
liair.  « hii  li  i--  Ioiil:  :iiiii  i'ohini',  lil.ick  ;  llic  liciiiil  is 
s|>iii'r,  \rl  il  is  fiilm.ilcij  willi  cMivim'  iMri'.  'I'lu' 
Cui'liiii  ( 'liiiii'si'  :iri'  M  II  ii  iiimIIv  i|iiii'l.  iiinlliiisivc  |ii'ii|ilo, 
civi'M  \n  iMllxiiiu'.  jokiiiu'.  •iiiil  l.un;liiin;.  I'.iit  mi  llu- 
I'llicr  li.iiiil.  H  lii'ilii'V  .Is  I  lir  n>iill->  of  ili's|i,itisiii,  of  uf 
('llIUMti'.  HI-  lit'  llir  !«.■  ,11111  ■■  1,  llirv  :iri'  srrv  ilc,  ili'.-i'il  I'lil. 
iijiiiiriiiil,  ilirlv.  aihl  l.iiilK  iihlillrri'iil  iii  iiiallris  nl 
ri'lijiii'ii.  In  iln'  |iiir>\nis  of  nilustrv  .iinl  I'oiiiniiri'i', 
llowi'ViT,  llliv  stilllil  lH'\t  .ll'lrr  llli'  llilliloo^,  ill,' 
I'liiiii'si'.  ami  llu- .la|iain's('  Tlu'ir  iiiloriorily  is  parli 
iiilarl\  niaiiilrsl  in  llioif  a^riiMilliiic.  wlii  •li,  lu'tlci'  in 
Saii;oii  ami  roiii|inn,  is  al  its  lowi'si  iAAt  in  Co-liin 
t'liiiia:  wiliii'sstlio  poor  liarxcsts  ol'  li.'iv  'I'lu'v  ari' 
niori'  Miii^cs^l'iil  with  llicir  sii;;  ir  aiiJ  i-ol  Ion  |ilanlalions, 
I'lu'V  iiiaiinl'ai'tilfi'  I'xri'lli'iit  rot  Ion  i-lollis,  lull  m'illirr 
ilyo  nor  piiiil  llicin.  Tlu'ir  silU^,  \m'  liaxi'  liiM'on'  sri'ii, 
ari"  iiil'i'i'i.ir  to  lliosi-  ot"  llic  I'liiin'sc.  Toiii|iiin  was 
onci- as  ci'lclirali'il  lor  its  la,'iiiu'r  ami  oiIht  xaniislii'il 
works,  as  .lajian  is  in  our  ilav.  Tln'si-  works  rxliiliil 
niiii'li  taste,  ami  ari' ailoriiivl  willi  ltoKI  aiiil  inollii'r  ot' 
I'l'arl,  ot'  wliii'li  llii'v  oi.imi  a  M'rv  liiii'  ili's.  ri|ilion 
troiii  a  s|ii'>-u's  ot'  ni\a.  Tin'  art  ot'  niolliiii;  ami 
t'oiimlilij,'  lias  lii'i'ii  ion:,'  kiMwii  to  lliciii;  I'lil  all  lioii:,'li 
I  111'  L;nii  anil  iMiiiioii  loiui'liii's  h  i\  o  niiii'li  impriu  nl  ot' 
1  iti'.  tlicy  still  lU'i'i'iiil  n|ion  I'orciiiii  ■■inintrii's  tor  liii' 
arms  ami  siili>  arms,  as  wi'll  as  t'orotlior  liisl  il.iss  works 
ill  iiiiMal.  It  is  ill,'  s.inu'  willi  otlu'r  lir.iiiilii's  ol' 
imliislrv  ;  llir  .\niia'.iiili'  rai'i"  a|i|K'.ir  iiovrr  to  i^i't 
I'l'voiul  till'  riiiliinriil^.  alllioii:r||.  |ik.'  llio  Cliiiii'si',  tlu'v 
an'  protii'ii'nl  in  ill,'   ills  ,<{[  iaiil  iii.in 

Till'  I'oi-hin  rliiiii'M-.  n ol  lii'inj;  allowi'il  to  i|iiit  tlu'ii- 
own  <'imiitr\  I'li  anv  pioa  w  hats  ic\  cr,  tlii'  i'onsi'i|m'iii'i' 
ot'  sii  al'siinl.  s,i  r.  sirui  IM'.  aii,l  so  inliiuiiAii  a  l.iw,  is 
ll'al  I'Mrrnal  r,'iiin.i'r<i'  is  I'litirclv  in  tin"  liaiiils 
ot  straiii^rrs.  NaliiiMlly  liaiil'.-.  viLtoroiis,  a,'ti\i'.  an  1 
iloi'ili',  wi'i-i'  it  ii.it  t'.ir  this,  thi'  i',).-liin  I'liiiii'si'  w.nilil 
I'roli.ilily  lii'i'.'iiir  tirst  r.ili'  iiavi:,Ml,'rs  I'hi'  Iraih'  ot' 
till'  inli'iior  is  in.iinlv  earriiil  on  hv  iIh'  rivors  .iii'l  ihi' 
■rai'oast.  l-'ioin  llnah.  I  ho  lapilil.  I,'  l'on,jiiiii.  tlirii' 
Is  a  wairr  i-oiniinini.'at  i,iii  I'V  ,■  iiials  alnl  lai;iini's,  w  liu-li 
all'  not  markiil  in  oiir  in  ips  Kxti'i'iial  I'oniint'rrc 
Is  mainly  iliri'i'tril  towariU  Ciiina,  Siaiii.  ;iml  tlio 
Ihitisli  ports  in  tin'  Straits  ot'  Ma'ai'ra  ami  'Siin,'.i|iori'. 
Ixi'klio.  or  C'ai'hao,  is  tin-  rhii't'  tor  i-.viium'ri'i'  with 
t  liina,  whii'li  is  csliniati'il  as  rr|ir,'si'nli'il  hy  1  I'i  Jiiiiks, 
•  ■r  soiiu'  L'li.nOtl  Ions.  Sonu'  tit'ty  junks.  iia\  i^ati'il  hy 
I  hiin'.si',  siiliii'i"  to  kci'l"  up  the  i-oninu'ri  ial  rrlations 
with  Siaiii.  Far  ijivatiT  iMiiinH'riial  aiiivily  ixisis 
howrvi-r,  in  fi'spci-t  to  Siiii^.tpon- — ,i  I'oinim'rii'  wlii,h 
has  liaij  its  ori^'in  in  ihi'  tor.i'  ot'  ,ar.  iiin^laiii'i's.  Tin' 
ohh-ii  fomnii'iri' ol'  tho  I  lilt, h.  I'"rni:,'ii-si'.  ainl  l-ln^'Hsh. 
vvi:h  Tonipiin  .iinl  I'oi'lini  I'liiiia,  li.is  lu'rii  loii:^  clo^r'l. 
whi-n  till'  lain  r  iiui'li'  atti-mpls  ni  \~7^  tori!-o|n'n  •  oiii 
nirri'iiil  rrlatioiis  In  1  .">!' I.  nrw  moasiiri's  won"  takni 
iimlor  till'  .Maii|iiis  Wclli'sh'v.  Imt  ihry  t'aih'il.  in  ron- 
si'ipii'tu'f  .'t'  till'  siipriniiry  ol'  Kn-iu'li  intiTi'sls.  TIh-m' 
iutcri'sts.  liowiv.'r,  iln-lim'il  so  mpiiHy  in  thi'ir  turn, 
that  tho  Fii'luli  thi'ni>i'I\rs  wi'ro  olilii,'i'il  to  liaM' 
ri  roiii-si' to  ixlraor,lin  iry  nn-.isin-i's  in  l,"^l,")  aiiil  1.">I7. 
At  that  epoch  l^iptaiii  .\  ile  Keiijavioii  reehiimeil  the 
ee.ssioii  ol  11  small  territory,  in  xirlni'  ot'  tlie  tfe.ily  ot' 
17^7.  in  onier  to  enahle  Fraiue    to   establish  a   settle 


nieiit.  The  propos'il,  lioweMT,  ij.we  imihniije  to  tlie 
t 'oeliiii  ( 'liinese  iiHinareli  lie  woiililnol  even  enter 
upon  a  ilisenssioii  of  the  snl  jeel  ;  ami  he  .'iiiil  his 
siieie-sor  li.iM'  so  little  eneoiiraneliielit  to  the  I'Veneh, 
that  tliex  :;ave  lip  for  a  lonj;  time  inakiiii;  any  liirther 
alteliipts  at  estalilishiiiL;  eommeieial  relat  ions,  or  insist - 
inn  upon  'Ik'  Ihlfilnient  of  a  one  siileil  treaty.  Craw- 
foiil's  mi.ssion  took  plaee  in  1''^  -,  ami  he  ohlaineil 
Ireeilolii  of  eoiiinieree  in  the  riM  is.  anil  al  the  ports 
of  S.iiyoii,  Hon.  or  Tiian,  ami  also  in  the  ha\s  of  I'ay 
too  .1111 1  llnah.  liesiiles  other  ail\  alilai;es,  all  of  whieli 
were,  liowe\  i  r.  I0-.1  to  ns  hy  l''reneh  iiiteit'eieiiee.  'I'lie 
eonsi'ipieiiie  was,  that  Siin;apore  was  ileelareil  a  free 
poll,  ami  it  soon  allrieteil  the  main  poiiioii  of  the 
eommeiie  ot'  all  the  MirroiiiiiliiiLr  eonntries.  .Miove 
folly  ( 'oeliiii  (  liiiiese  junks  now  visit  yearly  I  he  port 
•  4'  Singapore  alnl  the  Itrilish  po,s.st'ssioiis  within  the 
Straits  of  Malaee.i  There  are  also  ....iiie  slij.;hl  eoiii- 
inereial  relations  w  i' h  .Maeao  ami  Itatavia.  It  is  also 
siipposeil  that  the  inlaml  traile  helweeii  the  ('oihin 
( 'hinese  iloininions  anil  I'liina  is  lamsiileralile.  In  this 
iiileieoiiise  t'oihin  China  reeeives  maiiiifaelnreil  .^ilks, 
Fin;lisli  hroaileloths.  ami  Iteii^al  opium,  with  the 
eopper.  spelter,  ami  le.iil  ot  Viinaii.  anil  return  eolloii, 
areea  niit.s,  varnish,  il\esHills,  ami  a  variety  of  native 
proihiels. 

The  Coehiii  ("hinese  have  not  heeii  so  loni,;  separaleil 

from   t'hiiia   Inil    that    lliey  still   pre.serve  many  of  the 

iiistonis    of   the  latter   eoiinlry.      This    is  more    parti- 

iiilarlv  ohservahle  in  their  iiiarriai;e.s.  ami   funeral  ami 

other  proi'es-ion.s.  ami  eeieiiioiiies.      They  have  also  the 

.s.iiiie    siipirstitions.    eoiisulliii^    nraeles,  ami     niakini; 

oll'eriiii;s  to  iilols.    They  eat  the  same  fooil  ami  praetise 

till'  s.inie  nioiles  of  prepariiij;  it.      'I'liey  havi'  lln'  same 

piiiii's  ami  pnlilie  amiisi  menls.  the  same  lireworks.  the 

s.ime    miisii'.il   inslriinieiits,   the   same   eoek    .iml   ipiail 

tights.     .\llhoiii;li  the  l.ini;iiai;i'  ilitlifs.  the  writ  mil;  is  the 

same        lint   then  ai,'aiii.  I  In  re   are  yreat   ilitleremes   in 

ilre.ss,    in    the    ni.inner  of  wiarini,'   the    hair,  in    their 

liveliness  ami  uarrnlity.  ami  still  more  so  in  their  tre.il 

meiit    of  the    tair  sex.      Women    in   ( 'oilmi-t'hiiia   are 

not   onlv  housekeepers,    Imt  al.se  tnerehaiits   ami    aj;ri 

eiiltiirists ;    iiav.  tliey    exen    naviij.ile    their    hoats    ami 

junks        In  I'ael,  owinj,'   t"   all  the   men    heiiii;  reeriiileii 

,as  sohliers.  as  is.  to  a  eerl.iin  exteiil.  the  1  a.si'  in   Franee, 

the    women   have  everythinu  to  ilo      Straiii;e  that    the 

Freiu'h  shoiilil  have  met  with  iln  ii  1  oiinlerpai  Is  111  the 

remote    F«ist  '      I'larrow    loni,'  ayo    remaikeil    tial    the 

Coehin  Chinese  were  as  I'oml  ol  talkinu  as  the  Freiieh  ; 

they    are   also  as  t'oml  of  ilamiiit;  :   their   n  li^ion   ami 

iiioralilv   are    pretty  nearly   upon  a  par  ;   the    men  are 

.ill  sohliers.  ami   the   women  have  to  perform  tlie  more 

serious  ilnties  ol  life.      Nowhere  are  women    less  serii- 

puloiis.    ami    mill    more   imlitlereiit    to   the    lioiioiir  of 

iheir    wi\es    ami  ilaii,i;hleis.  it  is  .saiil,  than    at    'I'uraii. 

If   the  fi  males  are  ol'ea.sy    virtue  ihey  lire    not    alw.iys 

eaptivaliiiL;       They   are   of  lively   tlisposition.   hut  the 

t'e.itnirs  are    eoai'se  ami  iiie    skin   yellow.      'J  he   tei'tli 

are    iljseoloureil    liy  hetel  eliew  iiij;.       TliP  pooriT  elilsses 

onlv   Hear  a  eliemise  ofi'oiir.se  elolli,  lirow  n  or  Idue,  that 

lomesilowii  to   the  thi^lis,  with  w  iile  ilrawi  is  of  liliiek 

nankeen.      Tliev   wear  in  ilher  shoes  1101  sloekin;;s,  ami 

their  feet  are  just  the  rfverse  of  the  ostrieli  h  el  of  the 

Chinese:  "  fieminis  plant. is  aileo  parvus,  ul  stiuthopoiles 

appellenlur."  as  ohl  Fmlosius  has  it.  they  are  laiye  ami 

tlal.      The    heller  elasses  of  femalrs  wear  two    or  three 

shit'ls  of  (liirereiil  colours.      They  i,'ather  loL,'ether  their 

loiiLj  hlaek    hair  in  a  knot  at  the  top  iif  the  head,   or 


CHINA,   COCHIN    CHINA,    AND  JAPAN. 


i«a 


Riimi'linii's  llicy  Irt  it  (luat.  in  loiii;  (rcsMcM  lirliiml 
iiiilil  it  ri'nriii's  (lie  i^niiiiKl  'I'lic  incii  iirc  lis  li;i(|lv 
ilri'ssid  M.s  llic  WdiiiiMi,  niiiti'iiliiii;  tliciii.si'lvcn  willi  a 
jMikri  anil  wide  Iniw-ii'is,  n  kiiiliicl' iluin;;  duly  iis  a 
luiliMii,  or  ii  Imiail  liniiiincil  Mai  ly  or  iillicf  liat.  covor 
iiii;    111!'     Iicail.    while  till'  wrcli-licMl    Imvi'ls    of   liaiiilxio 

i<r(|)    iIk'   ;;('iii'ral    [lovcrly  of  llii'   iiilialiilanis  i ri 

Irnaiicc, 

Tiiraii  is,  In  lln'    pri'si'iil    iliy,  a    iina'i'   assi'inMa:,'!'  of 

vllla;^cs,  aiKJ    (Ih'm-   aro    coiiiiicisnl   of  liiils    of  liaiiil , 

or   1 1   coarsi'ly  llialiliiil.      'I'lio   ruins  of  oililiiTs  of  a 

lii'tlcr  claMs  alfi'sf   lliaf   i(.  has   not,  always    liciai   in  so 

liillcn  .a  iililion.       Now  a  days  fin-   ln'sl,    liousrs  aro  of 

woo.j  or  sun  dried  Krii-ks.      The  walls  are  eruinlilin;,'  (o 
ruin.      I'lanl.ilions  of  siii;ar  ami   of  loli.iceo  ari'   lo   lie 
si'en    lielwei'ii   thn   hnls.       The   eeieiiraled    h'reneli   iiavi 
f,'a(or,   .\dniiral   h.iplaee,  j,'i\c.s  a   Liraiiliii^  ihvseri|ilioii  of 

the  hay  of    Turau  ;    "Thi'    riejil.  side   oi leriiin."    lie 

■iays,  "is  Hanked  liy  an  aiii|ihiflie,ilre  of  nioiiiil  lins 
wliieli,  h<'i|ied  file  one  over  I  he  other,  a|i|vear  in  their 
f,do.iiny  majesty  to  rise  t'roni  the  shore  to  the  lieaM  ns, 
und  their  si  arp  |ioiiite<l  suii|inils.  whiteni'd  hv  the  snow 
liud  rain,  are  lost,  in  the  I'louds  diirini;  a  ;,'reii  part  i>f 
the  year.  Tne  Hanks  of  thesis  enormous  massi's  are 
clad  with  dense  forests,  as  aneii'iit.  iis  the  worM,  and 
the  possession  of  whieh  isijispnted  hv  eh-phanls,  tiL,'ers, 
anil  ho.irs.  Wdd  l.c'a.sts  otien  await  the  traveller  on 
the  roeky  iind  sinuous  pathway,  which,  eiossin^  the  la-est, 
"I  the  inouiilain  raiiiji',  whieh  eonsi  tiiles  the  natural 
harrier  lietween  the  two  provinces,  |i,,ids  from  Tiiiaii 
to  lluah-fll.  This  road,  the  only  olio  llial  exists  hetweeii 
Kii  too  ,iiiil  the  capit,al.  is  protected  at  the  top  of  the 
pass  hy  ,i  wall  ,iiid  i;,itewav,  «  Inch  iscarcfii||\  ijuarded. 
Not  cM'ii  .a  iialMc  (•.III  iio,-,s  ihis  li.irrier  wnhoiif  ii 
passport,  which  iiili.  ,ites  to  the  inandariii,  or  ollicer  in 
conimanil,  his  naiiii'.  condit  imi  iind  ol<ii'>  i  oj  hi  ■  jiainicv . 
rcrlilled  liy  ilie  aiilhorities  of  the  town  or  villai;e  to 
which  he  Im'Iomijs. 

The  ro.id,  as  il   descends  to  the   fool,  of  I  hi'  nloUlllalll^< 
on  llieTur,in  side,  pa.s,ses  at   tir.-l    thionj^h  sever, d  nii.-i  i 
aide  villages,  .sitiial-d    on  the    harreii  and    rocky  side  of 
that     pirtioii     of    the    hay;     it,    then     trav  er.ses' treeless 
plains,    llu!   scat,   however,  of   o.xtensive   rice  ticlds  and 


met.        f^?/^^^ 


oilier  euRivatlon,  and.  liiially.  it  reaches  Tnraii,  a  mass 
of  poor  huts  eoiistriicled  of  mud  .nid  ,'-liaw,  i  oiierei,'ated 
on  the  marshy  iii.d  lio;rjy  ,s,,d  which  lies  at  ihehoitoni 
of  the  hay.  and  the  inoiiih  ot'  a  small  ii\er,  more 
elHeientl_)-   delended    l.y    mud  liaiiks,    tliut   leave  onl^  a 


narrow  and  shallow  p,'i,ssaee  lielwieii  llicni.  than  liy 
two  forts,  upon  wlii  h  fliiiit«  the  yellow  slandird  of  I  he 
soverei;^!!  of  (Jiichiii  < 'liiii.i,  .'iiid  which  18  loin  iiiln 
latlers  at  each  rainy  sea,son.  The  ri;,dil  hank  of  the 
river  is  less  lialde  to  inundat  imis  than  Iheleft,  and 
il  is  only  ,sepaiMted  from  the  sea  hv  a  very  narrow 
isthniiis,  on  which  veijelalioii  is  supplanted  hy  mm  in;; 
downs  of  s,iiid  This  isthmus  unites  the  peninsula 
that  forms  the  eastern  side  of  I  he  li,'iy  lo  the  continent, 
protect  ini;  t  he  former  from  the  winds,  and  j^ivini,'  miein 
to, 111  e\  eel  lent  hailiour.  Althoiiijhof  irrej,'iilar  form,  tlii,'< 
peiiiiisiila  is  more  or  less  like  a  star,  the  iiiy,i  of  whieh 
diveiLic  from  a  j,'roiip  of  rii;,'L;cil  nioiinlains,  clothed 
with    dense   forests   from   the  shore  up  to  the  Humiiiita. 

It  i,s  ill  v,iiii  that  tin-  traveller's  eye  seeks,  in  tlii.s 
wild  counliy,  for  the  dclii,dilful  scenes  upon  which  it 
loves  to  dwell-  those  vill,i),'es  w  liiwe  while  eotla-Jes 
Hccin  to  hide  thcniselvcs    liehind    the   woods,   those  iiii- 

posim;    niansions    wliicli,    ri^-iii:,'   on    the   slo| f  hills, 

doiiiinale    over    llie    sci,    ami   .innouiice    to    the    weary 

sailor   licit    he  is  ahoiil,  soon  to  tiiid  fri Is  and  l;ooi1 

cheer,  in  I  lie  imlnluei of  which  he  may  lie  laiaMed  to 

drown  for  a  niomeiit  the  incniory  oflionie.     "To  what 
ever  side  we  direct  our  looks  wn  eoiihl  perceive  not  him; 

liiit  ;;lo v  fiircsts  or  nii.seiahli;   vilke^es,   inliiihited  liy 

a  r.ice  of  inen  wlio~e  laii'.;ii,ii;e  aid  manners  were  alike 
straiif^e  t"  us  ' 

We  must,  however,  pass  on  to  the  events  whieh 
liavu  led  to  the  interference  ot'  l''r,iiice,  and  have  heeii 
the  cause  of  hostilities  on  the  pall  of  that  power  with 
the  Kmperor  of  (,'oeliin  ( 'hina.  In  the  nioiilh  iif 
Novcmlier,  I,"'!  1  I,  the  av'cnl  ofllie  Kieiich  ;,'overniiielit, 
<'mplovcil  on  an  eNtraordinary  iiii,ssioii  to  the  Chinese 
scius  M.  Ihiliois  lie  .laciyny  liciie.;  al,  .Manilla, 
thoimhl,    proper,    in    i  oncert   wilh    I  In-  conoid  ;;enei-,il  of 

Kraiice,   lo    send    M.    de  t 'hoiiski,  oi f  I  he  L;ciitleiiiell 

littachcd  lo  the  mission,  lo  .\l,icao.  A  p;issaL;e  was 
Hoordiiii,dy  ohtaiiied  for  the  I'rcnch  dioloiiiatist  on 
hoard    of   the    Urilish    steamer,     Miilnsn,     which    liad 

t clied  al    Minilla  for  coals,  and  inlendcd  to  compli  to 

its  freiuhl  .il  .Mariveles  in  the  rhilippinc.-. 

The  Mriliisii,  however,  encouiilcicil  .such  violent 
(Miiilrarv  winds,  ami  was  so  ImIHimI  hy  llie  eurrenls,  a- 
to  he  iiiiili  pciivhiiiL;  on  ihc  coa^l  of  Hainan  on  the 
l.'illi  of  .Novciiioir,  and  \v,isi;l,id,  liavini,'  e.\li;iiisled  ,'di 
her  coal,  and  hivlnu'  iioihin;;  hiit  d.iii;,'eis  to  st ru •,'■_' I.- 
iii;aiiisl  all  iilmiu'  llie  coi-l  of  ( 'ocliili  ( 'liili.i,  to  seek 
siiellcr,  on  the  iii^lil  ot'llic  I  sih.  in  the  hay  of  (  a  una  ih, 
or,  as  I  he    I'Vcncli  wnle  il,  ( ',iiiiraii.'iic. 

The  |iopulalioii,  hearing:  :i  ,L,'uii  lired,  haslened  down 
to  the  heacli,  and  l;iimI  wis  t  heir  surprise  w  hell  t  hey 
,s,uv  the  k'.uropcaiis  ilisenil-ark  ;  lull  lln-y  received  them 
wilh  the  nimost  eoiirlcsy,  and  the  delight  and  ad 
iniralion  lliev  felt  for  the  new  comers  was  slill  further 
increased  the  next  inorniiii,',  when,  the  steam  liavim,' 
lieeil  ;;ot  up  hy  iiicins  of  wood  ohiaiiied  trom  the 
natives,  the  vessel  was  put  in  niolioii.      Not  hin^' ol  tlio 

kind  had  ever  I li  seen  hetiire,  and  il  seemed  to  them 

as  if  a  miracle  had  heeii  enacted.  There  were  only  two 
vill,ii;es  in  this  hay,  and  llnse  were  inhaliiteil  hy 
lishermeii 

This  accidental  contact  of  , I  l''rencli  diplomatist  on 
lioanl  an  I'aiulish  steamer  wilh  ( 'ochiii  (-'hina,  was  the 
pllliialV  cause  ot  the  allention  of  the  Krellell  ^.'ovnril- 
iiieiit  having  hccii  once  more  directed  in  our  own  times 
to  these  inleresliii!,'  regions.  1 1  was  asccrlained  diirilijj 
the  Slav  ofllie  ,l/i'(»,iit  I  hat  there  was  an  opening;  for 
a  luust  liicialive  coiiimerce.      I'rovisioiis  of  the  valiieo* 


■if 

li'    ''    ! 
It' 


it; 


1^ 


1114 


l\ 


|(1A 


AM.    Hdl'ND   lUK   Wt)RI,n. 


tvx'iity  Siviiii-.!)  |ii;i-lirs  wi-rp  o|it;»ini'il  I'm' i»  Ci'luiivi'il 
slnti  :iii<l  ,1  li'w  111.  t.tl  lulli'ii^i  lint  II  \v,iH  nlsn  (ill 
tli.»l  tins  \v:i>  ;ni  .(I'liili'iil.tl  iiriiiiiislMiiic  ,  iiiiil,  in  iln' 
i-.ixc  ii(  II  iiyiil:!)-  riMnniiMTiiil  intri'i  KUiT  lu'ins;  rndii'l 
into,  tlio  ( 'i«i  Inn  ( 'linu'sc  ^<>\i'iimn'n(,  CmiiIiIuI  io  its 
.'iiii'ii  nt  '.\s<<'in  ii(  ('mIii^ivciii'ss.  wkiiM  \i\  \  mi.  Ii 
ox.>rliii.iiii  <iisl..ni  .liiiu's,  as  \iiiii;ill\  tn  .'v.  lii.l.. 
III!    pn>lil         "  II     IS     I'M. 1. 'III.    ili.'r.'r.'i.',  "    iiru:ii.'.l    tli.' 

KlVn.'ll,       •    tll.ll      If       is     .Mllv      \\\       ill.'       li'll       wlll.'ll      W.Mllll 

l'.>    iiisj.ii'i'.i     l.v    s.'ini-     iiiilii:ii\     il.'iii.iiisira)  i..n,    ilial 
ill.'  .•.'lU'.'ssi.iiis  « In.  li    w.'iil.i    1..'    iii.lis|n'iis.-ili|(>    1,.   til,. 
r-l.iMislniu'iit  lit    an  :i.l\.iiil:iu'i'.'iis    .'.'iiiiiii'i'i'i'    cuiilil    !..' 
»  iiiiii;  iVmn  tin>  ( ".i.'liiii -t'luiu's.'         I'lu' siiialli'st   i'x|i.' 
.Iili..ii.   i->>iiilii.  t.'.i    Willi    «i»il.>iii    an. I    tiiiniii'ss,    w.'iil.l 
tinlil   tills  .>l>i<vl  .   ill.'    .11.1    |.r.>niisi',l    l>y  tli.>    tn'alv  «.(' 
17>7  wasl.>lH'   >'iiiii|i.w,'ii  .>!    livo    l''nr.ipi'.in  r.-jjiiiiiiits, 
!».>  In.lian    ti'ijiiiii  r.ls,    an.l   t\M'iil\    slnps  .if  war  ami 
lians|>.it  Is,      all  tliat    w  is  lli.>ns;lil    ^■.^lli~lll•  l.>    iMii.|ii('r 
ill.'    wli.>li>   I'lin.nv    I't'    Annaiii       TIk-    s;.>>i'niiiii'iii     is 
«oak.  it    is    jm.ii-,    an. I    |>.>in|'.'us  ,    tli«'  .ii'i'ii|>aii.'n    nl 
I'lil-'iin  )' Milts  on  till'  I'.visl  «.>iil.l  siillii'.'  I.>  assiiii'  tn  iis 
111.'    ui.'ali'si    inlliii'n.'i'     in    all    tli.  s,.   .l.ii  iiiiinati.'iis." 
A--  a  riiitlii'v  siiinuliis  til   tins   s..iii<'«  liat    ..lis.airi'    |>ri' 
|..'s,il    i>l   I'lisiiniii;    .I'viiiii    ■■  .l.'i.'niiiiiali.ius."     aii.l    in 
«  lii.'li  \M' ar.'  1.  It    111  .l.'iil'l    «liiili.r   an    a.lv  am  .c.'.mis 
1  .>iiinn'r«'i'  l.y  tlu'  t'.'iiii.laii.'n  .'I  |i.riiiaii.iil  s,  til.'iiii'iii-.. 
.'1'    till'  siil'ii'.  ti'.ii  "I    till"   wlii'i.'    .'111). ire    Is    iiu'aiil.     llu' 
Ir.'aty    .'t'   1  r>7,    it    «a^   .'l>-.'i\  .'.1.    r.'iiiaiii.'.l    in    t.'v..', 
a.tli.'ucll    Kniii.'O    lii.ls.i    oru'V  ,.iisl\    I'ail.'.l    in    Inllilliiis; 
li.r  I'.'iti.Mi  .it'  till'    ir.in         Hv    tills   tr.'al\.     sij;ii.'.l    al 
V.M-xuU.'s.  I'll  til.'  •.'>lli  ..1  \.'\.'iiil>.'r,  K.^^r.  ih.'  t'.'U.'W 
iiij:  t4'rnli>nal  I'i'xsi.ms  \\,  1-.' a.'.'.'.l.'.l  t..      vw,    ilu'  |..i|(s 
iii.i  t.-rnt.irv  .>t"   Han  s.ni    ,  I'liiaiO,  aii.l    lli<'    islan.ls   .'I' 
Kai-t'.M  aii.l  Kai  wan.  in  r.'liirn  I.m'    llu'  |ir.<|i.is,',i   assist 
iiii'i'  til  ivosiai'lisli  till'  i).'|>.is('il  ni.iiiariti  on  Ins  tlironi' . 
i  lit  .'IS  tlio   assisian.'i'    was    iii'vcr   ciioii.    au.l    tli.'  kills; 
r.'s^iini'ii  lii.s  iliiMiii'  witli.'iit  il,  il  is  n..  Kiinrrr   wantoil. 
aii.l  it    iMiilil   oiilv    Iv    \<\    s,.iiii>    siiMiio,.    ]>..r\  I'l^ion    ..| 
iiiiiTiiational  l.ij,-!.-  tli  ,t  it  .'"ul.l  l>r  nru'O'l  in  tin"  jt'  s.'in 
.lay  ll\;)f  tilt'  O.'iliin  '  Ioiu'm'    sli.'iil.l    I  i'    iiia.lr   l\    l.'V,  i' 
otattiis  ii^  fill  111  tlii'li)...viioii  .'I'tlii'  ti'i'alv       1\\  s,'  a.iiiii;, 
l-'r.iiu'.'  \v.>nl.l    I'll.-.'  lii'i-s.'ir  ni  tln'    |...siii,.ii    .>i    a    man 
«!i.'  h.\t\  volunti'.  i'.-,l  t.i   slii|.   1  I'ars,'.!  tor  halt'  llio    )'r.i 
.i.i.v.  aiiil  \»lii>.  ui.al.li-   to    liillil   tiis    riijjai:'"!"'"!!!.    siil| 
ilaiino.i  his  halt' wlu'ii  tin- .'ari.'"'  hail    I'l'oii    hiMuulil   to 
I' 'It  111  aiiollior  Iv.tt.'iii.  or  .it  ,-»  man    who  had  i>ro|...si',l 
to  i'\i'lianL.v  a  honso  tor   .»    hit   ot'  laii.l,   aiiil    tin-  iioiisi' 
I'liiij;  in  till'  iiii\inl  lino   I'livnt  .iown.  ho  still    laiil  .laiin 
I"  tin-  laii.l 

\Vi- li.iM' si'i'ii  tll.ll  A.liiiiral  1..i|ilai'i' visitoil  tho  Is-iy 
ot'  Tnniii  ill  .  >.i  I  Ho  was  .it  tli.it  liiiio  i'a|it.:i!n  in 
iMinman.l  ..t'  /.'i  /•'nriviti,  .in.i  ho  is  foiiroaoho.l  with 
liaMiiff  ij.'iio  almost  t.)  an  rxtii'nii'  in  tho  ).vii.ii'ih'i' 
..us,.i-\<'.l  111  his  I'olations  with  tho  C'.hIiiii  ('hmoso, 
Tlieo..nollo  /.'A'i'}iif,f\i'.Ui\\  tho  s;iino  |>..sl  in  1.^44 
111  :\  i)!nii'  tlitfi  rout  iii.>.i.l  A.'.'.inliiisj  to  the  voivion 
iT'.vii  \<\  tlio  FroiK'h  tlii'iiisi'I\os  tho  oorvolti'  h.ul  n.i 
s.sii.i-r  .ipproa.  lioil  >>if  tlio  nionlh  ot  tlio  ri\oi'  l"ai  too. 
than  thii*  w.is  ••»  III  init'ost  airit  iti..n  ainoiij:  tlio  ro.i 
o.ii»t<'ii  so'ilii'.s  wliii  o.in-titntiti  tli-  i,'aiTis..n  of  Tinaii. 
K.-»i-h  sor/.'.l  his  hali'ort  or  ri«tv  miiskol.  t.i  o]'|.,.s.'  a 
further  a. ivin.-c:  .-ui.!  wh,  n  tho  ImviIs  ].iil  otV.  r.  irir.l- 
l('.s.s  ot"  tho  imiKioiiig  as|.Oi't  o(  tho  milit.iry.  ainl.  jiiisli 
iiii:  Unoii.]  tho  iiistoiiiarv  laii.iiiiir  i>l.ioo,  ma.io  for  tho 
r.ior  itsclt".  u'r.'.it  w.is  iho  o..:is;ii-iiati.>n  at  sii.li  an 
lilt  aot  ot  iiisri'i.Mi-,i  t..  tho  rnlos  of  tho  i'iii|.iro. 
wlii.h  .an  t'liily  ivoliiili'il  a'l  o-ilsi.lo  l.arl'.iri.'iiis.  'I'liroo 
o-Kit*  Km. It'll  with  .soKlioi-s  j.iit  i.tl'  at'tor  ti.o  i  \|.r.lilii.ii. 


whilst  tho  ro.l  I'oats  am!  halhiTts  of  (lio  sol.liory  wore 
s.'i'ii  niakiin;  ihoir  way  iliroiij^h  tho  11.0  Ihl.ls  on  l>..tli 
Links  .if  tho  iiM'i.  riio  natixo  hoals,  manniil  with 
skillnl  lowirs,  soon  o\  01  look  llio  l''i\  n.  li.  Iml  it  was  in 
\aiii  ihal  tho  |...liir  ..lit. or  on  hoar  I  iiiliinatiil  lli:it  Ins 
ho.i.l  «..ii|ii  |iay  for  llun  loinoiily  in  iiilrinmiii;  llio 
oiii|.oior's  ooniman.ls  ,  liny  ooiiti'iitoil  tin  nisolvos  with 
olVoiini;  liiin  a  o..ns..lai.'iy  oiL;ar.  ami  fonlinn.il  lli.'ir 
|iroi;l\  ss  ii|iwar<ls  lo  wlial  1  hov  ilosiyii.ili'il  as  tho  lan.l 
ot'  iiiarM'ls  Till'-  w  1^.  li..Hi'\  I'v.  I'lil  tho  foioinniioi  of 
iii'Ti'  .l.'i'loial'l.'  111. 1.1.  Ills 

Afl.T  till'  ill  I'll  lull'  .1  Ailiniral  t'oiillo,  tho  00m 
iiian.l  >'(  tho  I'l.  11.  li  ili\  i-.,.'ii  in  lliot'hinoso  Sons  ilo- 
v.>l\i'.l  ii|s.ii  ('.'iiiiii.'.l..|.'  I  a|iii  111',  oommamliiio  llio 
fiiy.'ilo  /  <i  (i.'i'.r.  \ows  li;i\ini;  liion  ro.oiviil  al 
Maoao  111  A]itil.  1.^17.  win.  h  I.  il  to  a|'|'ioliiiisions  for 
llio  I'l  isonal  satrl\  ol  Moll  .1.4110111  li'li'xio.  vioar 
.ipostolio  ill  ('.'.liin  I'liina.  who  ».i.s  sanl  to  have  hoon 
I'll. oil  111  irrosl  hy  tho  anthoi  iln  s.  l.nt  who  hail,  in 
roalitx.  .  ,a|ioil  in  a  iiatno  innk.  ami  liml  anivoil  salo 
in.Iaxa.  llio  ooivcllo  In  \'h  lonmsi  was  ovpoilitoil  to 
Tiiiiin  with  a  lolti'r  ttMiii  ('..mnioiloto  I  apn  rro  Im  tlio 
t'oolon  I  hmoso  ixovoniinonl .  askim;,  01  1:11  In  r  ovaoliiii;, 
in  ill.'  ii.niio  ..|  ill.'  Kini;  ot  tho  I'l.  lu  h,  ii..|  ..iil\  that 
ih.'  li-ho|i  sh.iiil.i  1.  -I  I  .'It  hi  .  il\,  l.iil  ih.il  liio.l.ini 
.'I   woislnp  for  all  ohissos  sli.'iiM  l.o  oslal'lislioil  thionyh 

out     till'    Olll|i||0 

Il  was  not  loiio  l.i'foio  til.'  fiioalo  /.i  t;/,.i,;  jonn'il 
/  .1  I  I,  Y  .I'll  ii.-i .  win.  h  it  loi.n.l  1>  mo  oil  Tin  an.  wai.  lioil 
l'\  luo  t'.H'liin  t 'liinoso  warjniiks  Tho  oomnioiloro 
was  iiinoh  annoy  Oil  ii|i.'n  liianiiL;    thai    tho  .  .'iiiman.lor 

o|  /.I  Vhliiriill-lf  hail  11. 'I  ^11.  .  lOiioil  III  yillllli;  tho 
maii.l.ilins  to  torwaiil  iho  httii  .'I  wliiih  ho  was  tho 
hoaror  lo  tlioir  sovoioi^n.  ai'.l  .'ii  lin.lini;.  tin  tin  1.  llitil 
hoih  ho  an.l  Ins  ollioris  woro  the  ohjoi  is  ot  an  insiilinn; 
siivM  illaiioo.  wlii.li  ha. I  hoon  oarrioil  so  far.  that  0110 
ot  tho  ollii'ors  who  hail  pnio  on  slioro  lia.l  h.  in  ol'liood 
to  nso  M..h'noo  hot.'!',  ho  oonM  in.iko  his  wax  thronyli 
iho  sol. Ill  IS.  'I  his  stall'  ot  iliiin.'s  so  iniiatoil  llio 
.■I'lnni.'.i.'i'.'.  th.it  ho  uai.'  .'i.l.is  thai  tho  nian.lainis 
who  i.iiii.'  .'11  lio.liil  sh..iil.l  l.r  i'<-..i\iil  Willi  jiroal 
.  I'olnoss,  an.l  h.'  niailo  known  th.-.t  ho  Ihiiim  11  w  .ml.l 
.'iilv  ooiifi  1  Willi  a  hisjh  ilicintai  \  .1  iho  ('oiiil  of 
Idi.ih.  At  tho  sanio  tiino.  in  oriioi  to  iiiipait  .lolivily 
lo  llio  lioi;on:,lii.|is.  tho  Kli  In  II  lo.'k  (mssi  ssion  o|  |  ho 
s:iils  ot  llio  t'oi  hill  t 'liiiioso  waijtiiiks.  |i.niMni;  to 
lost. '10  lliolii  w  lull  tin  ilillii  iillios  thai  l-^.il  arisoii 
sh.'iil.l  Ik'  simnithoil  om  1  !  Two  ilax  s  liai  iiii;  ola|isoil. 
ill.'  ooniinaiiilrr  ot  /.n  I'ul,  .kh.s'.  was  loooixoil  on  slioro 
I'V  tho  iliii'l  in.iiiilarin  ol  tho  jiroMiioo  lio  was  ,10 
i'oln|ianii'.l  hy  ti  11  ollioois  ai  il  tilly  mm  i  lio  .'hjoot 
of  llio  .'11  m.iisliati.'ii.  ah.l  tin  |.ri  oiso  iialtiro  ot  tho 
il.'inan.ls  niailo  in  tin  lolt.i.  wi  ro  <  \)  laiiioil  jn  this 
inoiiiiiL.'.  llio  inaiiil.iiin.  attii  s. mo  liitlionllii's.  ac- 
i'i|'ti'.i  tho  loltor.  ami  )'i'.'ii'is<  il  to  t'orwanl  it  to  llnali, 
1  111  ho  ili.l  not  .lisj;i',wi'  h.'W  mnoli  lio  was  liisploasoii 
.It  tho  onil'arc.i  plai'iii  ii|ii'n  tho  iiii]'orial   tt.-ir  jiiiiks. 

l>iiiing  llio  tiiiio  that  this  iMorx  ow  was  loini;  iiohi, 
a  C'i'i'  moMinoiit  was  oI.soim.I  o.  I.0  takiiii;  jiLioo 
anions;  tho  Aiin.imito  tiMops  ti.  in  tho  t'i-ii;:ilo.  'I  hov 
si'i'iiio.l  t<i  lio  arriviiis:  ti-.'iii  al.  ^i.h  s.  ami  tin- ooiiini.. 
iloro  liooaii  o  a|i]'rolioiisi\o.  i.r.  aioorilii.;  d'  aiiollioi 
voi-sion.  asoi'it.'ii  110.1  that  tlioio  was  an  iiitiiilioii  t< 
inas.s,'ioro  all  tho  I'loiioh  at  tho  iiilorviow.  It  is  ovoii 
saiil  that  tho  plan  of  att;i.  k  was  t'orinoil  on  1  oanl  tlio 
war  junk  on  w  hioli  tlioy  hail  plaooil  tho  sails  ot  tho 
oilier  junks  I  ho  t"'ooliin-l"liiiie.so  were  also  ohsi  rveil 
to  I'o  aruiing  six  gun  IhijiIs. 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,  ANf)  JAPAN. 


roT 


\\%< 


'ivniiiin  (^lllllnl 
.1  .1 


III  ill'l  ill'  nliiip  KM  '|i 


lull'   KipiiTi'i'    iiiiiiii'iliiilcly   ill" 
lioiT  Inwiini  (III'  iiiilliiiritii'M 


H|Ml(llll'll  ? 

tlml,    nil   llli'  I'Vi'llt   III'   "111'  sin^li-  Ullll  liiiill     lrilVlll){    111! 


liviT,    111"    l''ll'l|ill    hIiMII  WIIIlM    111 


'I'll! 


Miri"  iijii 


II  lifi 


I'lillMil      llli'     I 'iirlllll   I 'llMll'Ml'     llllHV 


kiiiirKiiii;  ilnwii  lln'  limisi's  IImI  iii;iHki'i|  llirir  liiml 
liiitli  rii"<,  mi'l,  linl  Willi  .1  iii'llli!4  ( III'  Will  III  im  i;i\  I'll,  Iwn 
;ii'iiiii|  liii:ils  y.il  mil  III  I  In'  nvi'r  iimli  r  luvi'i- nl' iiiijlil 
On  llic  {.'till  III  A|iill,  111  cli'Viii  ii'iliirk  \  M.,  till'  Hi;;ii;il 
In  I'Ti^Myi'  Will  nlvrii  IVmii  I  lio  ( 'iiiiiiiiiiiliri''M  Hlii|i.  iiliil 
llii>  I'liniili'  /..(  'I'/ii'iv  Mli'l  llli'  riiivclli'  /,'i  ^(l•^|)•ll ;/.. 
i|ii'iii'i|  till'  ii|iiiii  llli'  |iiiiir  ( 'iiliiii  I  'liiiii'w  will'  jiMilii,  li 


I  III'   hIiiiIIH   III    "     \'ilV  A' 


I  Liir  Mil  liiiiir  iil'liTwii  ih 


mil'  o(  I  In-  «■ 
Willi    ilM    wl 


jiiiik^i  w;i  I   llii'il  liv  Ik  mIh'II,  mill  lili'w  ii{i 


A    Ci 


v(      llllllllll'^     llliiM',    lUl' 


nimllii'i'  wi'iil  I.I  llli'  liolliiiii  ;  liiiiillv,  ill  llii>  i'\|iii'iil  imi 
111' iiliiiiil  nil  limir,  llli' lliii'i' 111  lii'iN.  iiiio  III' wliirli  w.m  mi 
llli'  imiiil  III' rmiinli'iiiii,'.  wi'ii"  liri'ij  liv  ill"  ImiilM  nl'liii' 
{''riMii'li  slii|iM.  'I'lii'  ('iii'liiii  I'liiiii'ii'  lli'i'l,  W.11  IIimI.  iliiy 
iiiiiiiliihiti'il.  "I'll  inillirr  i|i'  ('in'liiii  riiiii'ii'f  iiv;iii'iii 
|ii'lilil  l;i  VIC  iliiui  ii'lli"  liilli'  iiii'i^  ill',  "  Miivs  mil'  Kri'lirli 
:iill  limil  V. 


I'll. 


lis  nl'l'l 


IM.'IM   WI'II' rill'lril    liv  M  < '.mil    nil    llli'    1  si, 


niiiii'il    I'min,    ri'iiiiinli'il    mir   (il'llin    iirlivilynf    Kiiniim 
rmiiliin  III.  li.sl.  Ill  h1iiiI<o  tlii>    Hiii'iiliir  Ii'||ihi>;v     nC  llir  nlil 


ill 


liiri"    vmi    llli'    liiil'IMlivi'   III'   mil-    i|;ijl 


illV 


iiiuliiils,  iirmir  |i|im1i^ii';  nf  si'IiIiiil;,  mil'  |i|i'n.siii|.s  iinij 
mr  iiiisi'iii','1,  (^I'lii'i-iiily  ;i  |iiiiiriii|r  liiin,  Inr  llii>  ihy 
I'iismi  iliii's  mil,  Hi'l,   ill    llli   hiii'iiiliir,  in   ii'IhIi'   Io   \mi 

III'    i'\|lii|ll  inn     In    SniUnli     siilllli     Ivvii     llllllilri'il     llllylHH 


(In  I'  liiinilrril  null's)  In  Ilir 


mil 


II' 


ymi    1' i.sl.    ymii'   I'ys    mi    llii'    niii|i  iiml    liilliiH     l| 


ilirii'    III'    llli'    IIViT    of   < 'llllllintrin,     wlllrll     is    Clllll'll     llli 


Ml'  IJimii   (Mmv  li 


ir   Miiy  liniii;).  ymi   will  niiuiik 


III    ils   niniiili   .1    mull  il  mil'  nf   liniiirliis,    ninliiiiL,'   llirii 

Wliv     ilrriiM      III     lliliiiili'     immlil'l'     nl'     lllllivilll     |'lllllls    nl 
VMrimii   Hi/i'i.    .s I  lull','    111. it     I 

llli'  iii'iti  III'  llli'  i; 


y      rnl|l|i!lll'     ll 


lll''iS      III' 


llll'll'    llllllV  i:l    S. 


Mnlrll      /I'llliliil         III 
MM'  nil'    siiiiiilii'il  liv   llli'  iiiiimiii'  iiMi, 


mil'    III'  llli'    Imii;i''i|     in      \  -ii,    hIIhi  i    liv 
iiii|ini'(  in(,    ulri'iiii    wlllrll    lliuv'i    mill    lli< 

iilsl.illli'i',   Hnlin'wlllll. 

r. 

Ill  ll 


if    Si'iili'iiilii'i',     Ls.!.-,.    I, 


llimis.'iiiij    nii'ii. 


ll'    wl 


V      11      Inr, 

r 


Mill    hull    wi'i 


-IS    lliiiii    Iwn     nilii'i'iil.     Ill 


ll    llli 


IT   ll  ill'  S|i  iniii'ils  111 


'I     Th'mI    snlijli'is,    riniii     I, in; 


A    l''li'lir|iiii.iii  I  liiis  ili'sri  ilii'<  I  111'  sri'iii' ;  ( >ii  i'IiIi'Iiiil;  I  Ir 
I'nll      III'    ll I. 


'i\:itmv,    VM'    wi'ii'    iniirli    siii'iin  i 


Iiii'Iiiil;   I-Iii'  .\iiii.iiiiili'  llli  illi'i  viiii'ii.    i|iiii'llv    si'.ili'il    nl 


llli'    Srlnlill,  iliirs    In    l.ii.   Mi'iM' 
rmiliniii'    my  <'niii|iiiiisiiii,    Snij^nii    wniiM    lir   mniK 

'illlli'     |in-.illnli     Ml      ,\lllWll|i.         I''l;;llll'     In    \iilil 
Srll    II    rminlrv      |iiiiiiily     Ii'M'I,     inlcr.si'i'liil     liv    ni.ii,' 
wiiihIi'iI,      W'IIi      lit;  1 1  lis,     H  It  ll 
Mini    liiiiiVMiis    mli'iiiii  nil'    lli'ii 


nnr-i,       Wl 


ll'  il<,    wit  ll     |imIiii   III 

111- inrlii'-i  Mini  linn     Inli  ilji'    in    nil    |iiissili|i'  wnvs;    pin 


liri'i-   iiinl    l.lii'i'i'  li.'i I  ll    llli 


-t'lliiiil.    .'^Iinili-s    Iml.^ 


Iiinillnni     Mini     I'l.n 


iiniiml   wliirll    I'iiriilnli',    ,  l:i\\  I 


({I'liiil,    lirsl     ninii'  III-    li'ss    iliilv  iiml    nnly    nn  n,  wnn  i  ii 


iln'ii   1,'lllis.    I  lii'ir  MI'ilM  riiiisi'il.       I  r  I  lii'V  ll  nl  lli'il,  lIli'll'  '  mill    rliililirii,     I  linn    Mm-k    iiinl    iiiil'llnnk  iii^    liiilliik 


■lil<   Wnlllil    jllsl  sillljlly    IllVi'   ll  'I'll  11 


ill';   il'llii'v  ll  nl  I  llii'ii    iiiirs  wliisn   In  lln 


i|mi;;ril  till' ili'l'i'iiri',    (.liny  w.nilil  li.i\  n  I  it  mm'l  llmiii       (iiwU  nt'  lliiil    varnlv    n 


llli'    i;iiiinnl,  iilnl.  In   I  \\ 

'IT    |in|illlMl'     in     lMI|n{il 


sl\' ;    sn,    lii'in  '    111    I 


Imilil,     llii'V     mIisI  iiiii'l.   I   Mini   Vnll     will  In'    Ms   wi'll    ni'iiliii  ililii  I    lis    I    Mill    \\\t 


ll    tins 


ll    nllinvi'il    llii'iiisi'Ki',    1,1    1 Ill   t. 


mnsl     inrl'i 


illliln 


1)1  il'iv . 


(Wl 


|iii"i'. 
Inr   I 


I'llll    ill,'   :    |inrlin|l    III'    |,,i\v    I'ni'llin   I'lllnM. 


II'    silk  I'   III 


■j'l 


11'  vii'vvs  Wl'  llli VI'  "ivnii.  mil'  111  w 


innimiil  v,   Ilinl   I  Ins  li  i 


ll  is   lii'ill    ll  |-,l 


I  liislilv   ninl  llimiLjliI  li'ssjv      ninnlli  nl  I  he  iivi-r  nl  >mii;iiii  Ixr: 


llirll  is  tilki  II  III    lln' 
|i.    I'lO).  'iml  llli'  nllni' 
|i"liii('il,   mill    mily    i'i'|ir,'si'nU  ■imm'  sml  ninl   i'\,'i'|il  iniinl      {src  |i,    |(>l)   mi   lis   luiiik  i,    will    rnnvi'V  n  ImltiT    iilnn  nf 

I'lisc.)       Tlinl     is   llii'ii'    iliilv    ninl     il    i<    iiinlnrslnml    liv      'In'    f^i'iinrnl    n.s|ii'rl.    nl    ill iiiiliy    llinn     miy  ilnliiiliil 

lln'   Miilitii'i's  III'  'I'll  link,   iiinl  in  Iliis   ri'sii,','i  llmv   liinn     ili'si'rini  imi. 


l|,i||l>    III    i'nlll|ilin'     wllll     llli'lll,    siVl<     llli'ir    liii'inis,     llln'  W  n     Wl'ln,     nil     llli'     lull     nl'    I' I'liinniy,     nl     lllr    llinlllli 

I 'liiiu'Mi'.       Miinv  nC  llii'si' lirnM'  li'll.uvs  In. I  nn  iinirmni.  nC  (lin  rivm-  nl' .Snn,' m,   willi  llm  I'/i/i;/!  Inn  run  viii;;  lln' 

limy  wi'in  in  i-m:s.  Ilk,' nil  lln-  inliiliiliiil-inr  lln- i-minlry.  (  (llli;  nl'    \' inn  A  iliiiir.il    Iti^niill    iln    ( ii'iimiilly,    llic   /';■( 

Mnsl  wntH' mini'il    willi   iniiski'ls,    willi  lliiils,    111.111111111'    '  iiiiiniiiil.,  Ilirnn  /^iili  Imiils,    ii.s     ninny  tiMii.s|im(H,    iinil    .1 

Icicil    III    St.  Klii'iilii',    wliinli  iislmiislii'ii    11s    i;i-,'iillv.       I  'S|iiiiiisli    Mli'iimni'     A7   I'hiki.       W'n    inlvniiinil    linlilly   ii|i 

I', mill     .snvi'liil     hull'      |ii';ii' slin|ii'i|     j^rninnli's,     liill     nl'  Iliis     iinlwuik     nC  rivnrs,     inlnrlnmil     in     llic    .sliniinrsl. 

|iiiwili'r,    nil    (lie   i^iiiiiinl,    Inil    I    rinnnl    nlliini    il    Iliis  ininiii'i'  piissililn,    ilm    l)iiws|iii(,    in    llm   lines,    ynl,  willi 

is    n    ri'ijiiliir    wn;i|i,iii    nl'    wnr    in    llm    ('n.liin  I'liiiii'sn  livn   (,,1  .si\    Cillninis   nt'   wninr.      'I'lin   cliinf  xli'cmn  wns 

iiriiiy.       In  llm    nii'Miitinin,   llm   nisi    t'ni'l.  w  is  lilnwii  ii|i,  I'l'iiiiiiilv  imt.  Ii'ss  t  linn  11  liinnlinil  yniiU  in  wiillli.      'I'lin 

ninl  llm  iii'\l  iliiy  it.  wns   tlm  (inn  nt'  tin-  wnsl.  liirl.       It'  n|i|irii.inlins    wnm    ilnrnmlnil    liy    n    iln/mi    wnnilnii    Iniis, 

llii'si"    wnrks   wnri'    |iiin|ly    ilnl'i'inli'il,    llmv  wni'i'.   mi    llm  VM'll  Mlinnil,    Mini    liv    llini'    slniknilns.       All    tlii'sn    Wi'ln 

nlliiT    liiiiiil,    iniiivi'llmislv   111  inn  I.       I    siw    inn'^nili  niii  iMiriml    r.i|ii,lly,    llm    I  wn    In^l     wlunli    wiin   rmmi'st.    tn 

liimizi'    mills.   Mil, I    llm    wi'-|.    I'nii,   nmil  iiiinil    linsiiln-i,    11  llm    Inwn    iilnim    Iml, Inn,;    mil,    Cnr    smiin    limn.       linrmi' 

lurk  nf  t'lclil  mtillnrv;   nri'tlv  iiinni'*  nl' li  ninl  nl'  !),  likn  mi  Imnr  linl  nl.iiisnil  wn  wmn  in  .Sniifnii. 


mil'  nwn,  only  in  ninl   il   mi   iiiiim'iisi'   wlmnls,   likn   llm 
.\nmii('mi  Iniiiijii' 


Klliln 


ivniir  iiiiw  til  ri'iirn^i'iit    tn    vmirsnl 


s  IV  n  Inwn,  MS  wn  iiml 


•isiiiiil  ll 


ll  ill    K 


lint. 
I.lll. 


Wl"    wnrn    ilnlinilnly    I'slnlilislmil    nn    .slimi'   tlinsimn     :i  I  in|ij,'nl   Inrr-t,  mit  nC  wliinli  siirLjn    li|i,    t'lnin  iliMlninn 
liny,  wnitin^  Cnr  tin-  Aiininiili'  iiniiy,  ii'  il.  Innk  il.  iiiln     In  ilislninn,    iilinnst   rnnirni'lnlili'.    iinliilnlinns,  nil  yiiiii, 
il.s    Imiiil    tn    ii|i|ii'ir       lint,   il  iliil    imt.   cniim        1 1    was 
tri'iimnilmislv  Iml;    liottti-,  I  tliink,   tliiiii  I   nviT  t'nll.  it 


It   WHS  a  I'nrnii'i'.     Twn  nr  ili 


I'l"  111'  niy  iiii'ii  |i('ris 


Imil 


inwi'vnr 
nn  this  hnv  nt'  Tiiinii, 


t'rniii  tiitiijim  mill  tlm  Imntnt'llin  sun.    Nnlliini,' 

I'lMllil  lliivc  licnn  liinrc  hniiiil  il'iil,  ll 

I'lit  init  in  tlm  slin|ii'  of  a  rrnsi'mil.  willi  ils  t.\v,i  nmiin- 

tnin  I'liiins  ]ir,i!niii;nil  into   tlm  oi'i'iin  ;    whikst,  onr   twn 


I'l'i'sl 


I,    inli'l'si'i'lnil      liv      llvillnl'S,     wliinli     nniim    iinil    I'l 


cniss  mm  aiint.lii'i',  ami  :xrt'  In.st.  tn  tlm  .sinlit,  ami  limn 
lyain,  tiniiilst  tins  vi'Hi'l.alinii,  iiiaskcil  liy  trees,  a  f,'rnMt 
.si|iiiiri'  ImsliniiiMl  fiiit.  in  fjnml  Imwn  Ntnim,  ami  yon  have 
hnrnrnyim  Sni:,'nii  mnl  ilsnilMlnl.  Tlif^  lirsl  .snircmlniiil, 
iinil    llm    sennml    fiillownil    sunn,    altlinimli    it    wa.s    lint 


visihln  Irnin    llm    rivnr,    ami    Iiml    tn 


1111  niirrmi 


1    hv    t!:(! 


Inr  liiivint: 


si|nii(lriMis  at  imi'linr,  tlm  rniiiiiii;  In  iiinl  Iro  of  Ihn  '  Innii  |inii  v  wilhmil  aiil  110111  tlm  slii|iM.  At' 
enili.irkations,  llm  vnrinil  nnifnrm  111' niir  iiilnnlry,  ol'mir  '  silninnil  ils  lire,  we  esialmlml  with  Ion;;  hainhori  lad- 
marines,  ami  of  tlm  inlmiial  li'iin|inrs  of  llm  riiili|i|iiiii's,  j  ihis,  <'.ii|incliiii,'  to  Iiml  llm  K'-'"'"'''-'*  '"*''''''l"  ""  tlmir 
and  the   tings  of  the   two   nnlinns   lloating  aliovc  tin;    jiicves,  as  at 'i'uruuj  but  this  time  they  had  disappearod 


f 


1«R 


All     R<M   \>^    "*•'?.     Mi>i;lA 


\\>  f.Mii'iT  in-.*i>1.r  1  I'l-.' IlK.'ir-  l'.vi\.  i  .....j.i.t. 
•WM-i.ll  xl'.'Ht  1  "lyOlM'  |..>litl.l-  nl  j'i«i|il  111  Iniili'l 
,i,.'«     ■i'lltl"  111"      •.lll]'llllV      I'M. I       IMlIltiM       'li  I'.'Mtl-.  IlilMlt  ', 

\'-.,\  »n(?i.'i(i\t  f.>i  x.(>(>0  iii,-ii  nn,i  1  .'tO  (M*l>  I'ldi.a  in 
l' 1'  ni,>iii'\  .'t  t)ir  .-.miilM  lint  !•.  «."  ^i\.  m  -\]>.|i-i 
ll  iV'iniiiv-  .'1  i^i'i^  t'  111  i1.  r  Iii'l  •iin'«il.  •■■>  ill  il  llif 
■  ,'in\1>c'v  o1  IikIc  I'll-  t1")t  .•.'in|i.".-.l  llii'  iiiili^tM  ■  ln'^l 
Tiv>nti«'>i  *•>  TS.Ot'iO  cii»ii 

I  iii-t  il!i'.i  in\-r'(  V'l  ^  i«th,'"''i  i"  "n'.'V  <.i  jm.-  t1>i' 
'  ii;lit,  inH  -.iM.'ix  hi>r  1  )>  1 .  ..'.1  :)  !■.  II.  1  i'lii-  P).j..,li. 
:i".'  IIm'  }|.1'1.''.i  ii>'i  .'I  I'liM'l  I'll  1  '  '!  < 'tun  1  .  .'11.  I'lll 
.VII  tli.MV.  .liiiA  1^l.■l^>  vl.'.>i.  iImi.  Wtill  1«  in  ^.,....vM,. 
■III.)  lA  T"  'iu'ii  fn-il'.'^  l1.i>  ■! .  'll  'I'i.  11  1 -I'l  Miili.nl 
Hr.'I'itnti.Mi  .  I'll  1  Itii-m  i-  !.•'.  rinl*  ll  !••  «.>iii.'t1uiiu 
'■i,.  ill.'  Oi'.'.'K  I  "'.iir.'lii'<  t<  I'liiM,  «1ii'v.'  ill.  I'll.. -I 
'■.,K  i<  i',  )||,  1,.  If.'  |Vi'  v\  if.  .'.•.'ll'.  Ill  i)m-  .  ll  i]'.-l,  'iii.l 
l'\i' .■iM'.lri'n  ]'''iv    ii'.mii.i  ill.   -lit  .1- 

I  'iw.A.  t'.'Vl  ni,-l'i'.ll\!;  \>  ill  llrll  ni'll  V  .-11.  iim 
'lllllV        «  'l   ,1\       ill'-V..iV'.l.'.i     1J>.     111..         Ill       .'.•!>  Ill      .'I      X.  1 

'■■••.>  M'lr.i  V.  \  ,'n  .''.l.'.-K  !«.'  .'I  'll^  111.11  If.  n.:l'i 
'      V.,-    -1    1  ,  .-I    wivf.li   in.>.t    '.friM.-.  1\    -{Mm-.-.)        II,    liirl 

•.'.I'll    l..'!'ll..-.'   I'll'   ]'1VA  i.   11-.   .VI'   I'll;   111     ft    111:   ll'i'l'     .IllllU!; 

'.     '1,  ".Mi         ll.        ''li     I'l'il'lllliii      lIli'lV      'ill     llll;lit,     'lliil      ll 

V  '...   .VI'.',\     !ll      .1(1     !.,'.<'l',      lllll      1U\       ll'l'll      'll.l       .li»-.  I   \  IT.  .! 

1    .11       'I'll,'",    «  I,  T  .-  Ill  i  .>!  IV.  111''.'  Ill  Ml. 111. 'ins  I'liii  ll' 
,•   ■'  ,    .1.  " '1        \     1,   II' iv    1    ii.-i".     iii\     -'1,'pri  ■.>,    w  ll.  Ti     I 
'.'.•i   liiiii   .v.-'.-ni    I'l   i1..     "I'l    ].  ll'.  11^    11. '.■.It...    \  .'t 
.,  ll  -111  .''.'.. •!.".. •.  i'l  ll  «■■ 'I'.l  'I. 'I  i  .V,  |.. '  .',1  I 'i. .  I'.' 
• _ /y. ■..,'..       y    .   i—rs  >",  ..    i'l,  •..••,,,  ,v   (',..,'.. 

...  ^Sliuv     111,'.     111\     '.iiM        1    'I'll    ll     t    :iil     .".."..V         1 

.    .,  i""  ,..,1.  i._-.i.i  1 'I,  ■■.'i|.i        1    iiui-t   .'i.K.i   ». '.  .ii_-.    I 

•  .1    v'vi.v,,     t'.-it   'HI    I'l'i-.- .'i.'i    i>-n>  l>   l!.'i   up  !•    I.   ■   I    .1   '1 

'■.1      \     « 1^         l>'|l     i'l         L'''  '  i      p.'    I'l      P  .•Til.     1.'    inx 

.1    "1"   I    "•      ..•■.  I'l'l'il    ."I'll.'    t.'  -in   111    l.'r~t  111  I'lli. 

li'.    TVl'".      "-l-     I     '     *. "t'ltl        Ho    Wl..   .,!'     Ill    1«','1.M      ...V.l- 

■  w.itus    ,'n_-',l      v.>..v      .';      .»._'..     i',..i-f,    mIi'v     .1      lit!, 

.Jl.S,      11   V...       i'.-,.,i    .    .",-     ..ll.'.l,     I.    .M.'<.       till       •..'..        ,l,il. 

■•■     '•  .Trn    "'ill.  ,' •■'iiil   \'."i  ;n--"i.^  Ill'  .  \ .    '.  IV.  '.'1.1 
•    "'I'.lirS    .  '>iv..  \s    'll      '.-i.i   -i'l'... .11      ".I'll.    .    I.    !'.' 

•- ■!..  1  i''i,riv<-       -i'.  i  .^^^l^l■.|..  i  '1. 1'liiI'.!.,-.'!,  n't'    ii'..'i 

.'    (■'iill.'>«.       ''■l..:'"  'I'.v.      .|'>\..     liv.    I'.'l^Il      ll.'    ll'l    I     I'll    I. 

'  ■!•■  •i'*,"nri..  ♦.  I'l^'i  ',  I'lr  -■.5"  1  I '.'ii  ill  .'.iiiiiviiii  M.i'i 
VI  ">«,>.5_»i',>"i  I  ,'•',  .  •.    H'i'i  ir  ,'■  ><■  ■•.■'II.  'I'l, till,'  iii.iniin'.; 

•  ■>."    Ill    !iN  i  ii'-i'i'   ■.  "  'Si'. ""ll'l    r';t  1.'    I. "ll'l 

I  .  K.'»n'.'.   '1".  .    •ui"'''.''t    '-.111.   Ii.v.''i'ii     ill.    Iv'.l   tVi."  .N 

"       f'li       «•>••!. 1  H.       '.>'   1     111.'     ''I'H       I'li'l-,'     M-,'l-i'      'l!..";! 

■>,.^.l(     t''!-:'  «•'  Ills     ■•     p.> ''li',   1 ''   i'>-l     ■;•;  i     111'     ;."1\  .•     111.' 

.  .•,  .   ,"..•■%. IS  •.i'',i-.i>  ,••  ".    ;•..,»  I"  h'l'.  '''.    Ii'lli'  Vine''"" 
1'.,,,  1,  HT..,        n,     ST  I    ih.\    ,y.[\    1''.     "i-ivilnri'    ]ii'ii 

.'.'•>.    Vl-l,;      'v^,'>■      ,-,  ..l,-."  'I'.v!     |.\      1'',        \'".l'irt.>s  TI,    ■!! 

,,    .•,.;■     ,j  M>v    •'  >*     .V.'V    .        1','V    (!•';%      m'.'-    -l''.   \-.      S'll..-    1| 

.;   ,   „v.  -l.-n    ,..'.i'.>',.i.,...s    .1',    .■..,„  !.,.|..,..    ,.)    i'.,     ■'l-.. 

•  '  ..IV   K  ■'iL   P':  .'t!^    ,'',if*'..    .    -    ,'"i,     '/.,,   'Is  .1.1   ii.'.iii'.i  ti' 
•  .   I,-..    lr"i      ■<    '■   '■'■•■'._-•      " '•.      1i:iv     111,  111,     •iilx'.'i'viiN 

v«  ...  ,.t.i,.,-  '."<.»'..■  ,.  ill.  Svivii'si'  I"  ll'l..  .  ■'.'is,-  'I  '1 
S,.i, ..,■.,  ^  V'l"  'ii.i.V  ■;  '  .'.''liii'  '1  !  1  iiii;  111  !••  sii.i 
1-  'm  sl'.r-!  •II',:  ivi.  iriii'l  i"'irlci'>'i  '\  .^'iim'I  i>i\  ni'.i 
'  .■■.■!  i.i-'i'i  1-  V"'.ri">"i"v  11.  iv  i"Mi;i..:  Ills  l'xiinii\. 
i'     I  ■  \.''ii-.i;   1^    ■      ll.     1>.''i.^v.'>u    nil  .    I'l    ^'i--    ili'i'i'i-Ntoii 

I, Is    tl'T'illi;  r.l-'ll.    1'  ■!>,    i'.s!.'ril»lli1'.s    nI    x\l;l.'l'.    w'r.y.in.s    ».»/»», 


Iiii^  .'1   .'I  I  ..iiilmi    111"*  ill  (111'  I'liinvj  .if   V'liii    1.  uli    i.' 

till'    \i'll    '1    WllVlll    Ill'UlliI      .ll'll..'.      111. I      1..     .■ll.l      l.li     I'lll 

ill'  » '.  >l.ii;ni'  ll  ill.'  .  lilt  I'l  '1  ii'i'i  (.  Ill  I  111  il'.iui'  ..| 
I'll  inn'mii.' 

\\    I     ll       v.  \  I'llllli'lU        111'       111        ),.  1     )..  1  !  11  I'.       11. .11         lll'lt 

ll   111!      I111      .iii'i'i  I  ■    .  ll      ll'   111".  .,      111..'      :i      iii.,M'ilil.' 
ll.l...     ili'..1iii.'.l    1..   mill.'  llii'  .  Mil  mil  1.  <  .'I    till'  111.. Iir  ' 
Si'ii:'.'M     I'l'i'vi  iiti    iiliiii.  11  !■     ,  .11,1111  1 .  I  .1     ii.li 'iiilii^i'       111 
tint  ii".)ii  it      ll   1  ^  llti'  111,.'  1   111  11 11 '11  ml   I  .111.1  111  1  '.'I  1,111 
I'liiivi       Til.'   Ill  I'l    1 .  11  i\  1..    i  I,   1.  1  t',,    I   1  >:.    I   1 1     ill. 

111. I  ii.'ii  li.'i'i'  I'll.'  1  'I'.  11  ill,  I'lll  ll  1  til  111  ..'•■ll.l 
iiii.l  mil  11.  mill'  ll.l  I'll.  11.!.'.  1.1  ili.'i  11.  I'.l.'  Ill 
1«il\i'  li.'ui'.  .Ini  ili.'U  Mill.  I  ll'  ■!  ,.11.1  1.'  ill.  1.  1111. 
Willi    fi    I'lii.i.i'iM.'    li.i'..'        Til,'   1,111111     1     ilii,    ll.l' 

i|..'iiii.|^..    111. I  1'  111. I.  ll  ll-  .1    ill    II  ll   ll   .'I   .''•    nil         I   ll  11  I' 

..'I  in  .  I  \  V'. i.'il    u.j^.i      1  .  .    I  «  liil.i  ;i .  ;il..'  1  1. 111.1  I  I  nil.   11 
riii.il         \\.i.i|.    toi'    ..V.    111;     ivr    ill. 1111.1  11  1 .  1 1..     «.i>    11 
111 '11:1 1  ill.  .'111.  rlii.l    ■1''  1.'  I  mil  mil '11.   ll    ''('I  »     1 1  '1    li'  Im    I*' 


I'.  .11   n  11111.  ll 


•I' 


IllV     1.1    ill  ll    ,'1     I 


.1  .'1 


I'liV     I'.Uls     ..(     (  '.,.  1    111    I  '1,11    •!  1     ,1.,     11, ,1      ,1     ll.l      111    ill.' 

.'ll    I.      til  ll     Mllll      :1       lllll.        I'.  I'll.  1      1.1       l.l.l         )111|.      11. ■ 

-lllll  ir  ll,.^  .'I  till.  ]i  1  ll.  ...  ■!  |.11  .1.  .1  ll,.'  111.  I 
.'  .1  .l.li  .liiu.'r.fii  '11  t  ll.'  «  ..1 1.1  ill.  ]  .,|  11  I'll  1,  11  1  11  nil  111  II 
(  'lull.'  i>.  .'lllll  'lllli.'lli;li  ll..  111.'  ll  1  ■  11  ll.  ll  1.  .-  .1  lllll  11  ;lt 
I'ln'.'ii  V.1.1  1.1  I 'iiJ    lllll. mil    ,1   1.  11    1.    ..111.        .|'il'lti' 

*>i1,..iil     t'r '111    1  '  t  II  I '.i.jM    I'l'..!..  1'.     -11. i    1'.'    I'll.     1  ll.  ri'    fl 

l.lllW      .111),  r.'iil      1 .s\     1..     1      111  'lull  \  .  11    I   111 

-.11. It;.    ..|    llri'l.l    «  1    ll    I     ll    \ ,.   1 .  1  11.  .1    ..(     Ki    .     lii.iiiii 
11.11.1.1        111. , 111  .1      l!i.\     lli:i\     ii|.iv     I. II     ill.    I    ll.  (  ill  < 
r,    1,11    I  \  ..  1         Til.  \    '    .1  ,       111,  ,     !■,  ,  11   .  ,  iilii  1111  .1    111    :l 
ii.i»^i.'ii  ll  \    «  1,1.   Ills  V.'  1.1.  .1  tlir. .    > .'  11  -  111  1 1.   . .  null  \ 

1 'I'll.l   li'O  .1      111      T      liilllliM     )...    1,1       .1      lllll.      ill.      ^  I   'ill. '11 
lirl\     I..    .■.ll-lil.Ti'l     .'Is  'lUs.-lut,    |\     11,    I   1.  ;   ll  ll    I.  I'.l    .'    1^1 

l'l's!.iii._^  ■!   t,  \\    li-iii.'n.'s    rili.i.i,    till     V  iiiiii.i;   111.1,   1   .1.. 

..    r. 11. mil     til.' 


11.  I     Vll,  M      11    1!    .  I     I  lilt     .  ..rl.)     \  .  Ill  III. 

;r.'.'.'nl   '.'  I    in,  n  .  1!   M  i'i  ..ji]  ."■.•. 1  l.\    I  .1.  |.iii     ' 

lil\.  1,111     -.lii'r.l     t.'l     I'lll, . 'Ill)  .  1  1.     .1     N. 1111111.;    Ill 

P.'ililll    1 '1      'i|'    .'     lis     It    ll'll    1'.  si.l,  1,,  ,.     ;|     (,   11     l.'.i,;...        Ill   111 

I    il.'ii.j;      1'..    I' .j'Uil   .  I  r  iiiil'.isjM        II.    11, 1. 11. 1.  .1  11'.  .1.1 
HI.;   ll;.     I'll  .■.      Mil       V  1    11..',    '-.1  1  .  1.  .1    111    n   I  I'  ll    I'l    11  1  '111  II 

tim    tii.'ii  1   .1    I  |.;         ri  .     .  ll  ..1.1    .(    '  ■.!!;.  11.  I'l'iit    li\    '. 
.'..l.'i.i  I     .'1      Pr.  1  ,  ll     .ii!:nii.i-     ("1    1.11  l.'ii._'.    II.'    l.'ii...  1 

I'Mst  .         It     li'is    l...,'ll    Vl.   M  11    11)1  \\  (     .liv     )   r.  '.  1  V  .  .1    tl   I' 

'  '■•■-  lli.'it  11.  i._l.li.'ii".  .1  ll.l'  iiviv.  :ii,,l  wlii.li  nil  mil 
.Mril-^l.'.i  t.i  llir  1,1  .'1  11..  I'l  ('.111"  1  .Iriiil  .Iniii  1.  uiii 
l-.i'vv  Till  V  '11'.'  'II  <_:.,]  Ii.ii.is  l!i  11  -111'.  .1  ll  It  till 
■.l.vv.'l  .'t  \iiii'iiii."  .■1'-  S.'iip'ii  ini.i  11.^  )ir.  viii.  .  I- 
I'.'ill.'.i  ll.  r.',  .i,.|.  V1..I  .ns  ll  is  111  !■.'■. |  ...  t  1.1  -..ii.  1  litivti' 
nti.i  vv'it,'!-  Irm  n  i;i'i"it  fiiliii'i'  ill  -i.n  I.  1  it  111, .1.1 
1 ';■.'!.. 'i  .1.. Ill  11. MM. '11  ,\  In-i.iv  ill.'  I  'iil.i'li.--.  \.  i\  111P1  r 
.'.'11'-  m  til  i'i  1  .'I;;  111 '.'in  ll.l.  .1.  'iv.  ;i. .  Ill  111 'lllll. u  iLim  mU 
vt  ll"*  M  1  ..f.  V  I','.  1  i-lii]'  ,1  1-111'.  .'I.  lis.  riii.l  tir  I 
V  'I'lir  iiv.'-t.'h.  11  ll  .'-1'  ^.■._:.'iis.  liN-  "i'.l  till  ti'i.iiiliili'  I  - 
nt    n   -ii'^.'.'!.   ;i   I, .Is]. It'll.   Mii.l    I'l    :1    ilnr.  li    mIu.1i   l.'ilt.i 

Mil;    |.,v     l.,1    1!     ,.,1  t      t,.,     f,     l...,i;    1  nil,.     V  I  I.     1  li|i    llllUll'illil-l 

ilt   U'lillm  Clri.'i 

1  |.'ri:'t  t.";.'iv  tliit.  M  I'.'ii  .'111  •.liip- vv.>i'i»  '■liilitiU.  li  .'1'- 
.1II  til.  .'iV'  -t  .■!  (^ii'i  l'..i;l  1,  n  .iivisi.  I,  .'t  till  ,.\llli:illill.' 
tli.\  V  wlii.'l,  w 'IV  ,>i,  ill,.  I,>..k  .'lit.tis  .'li.'r  till'  Ivillriii 
C-'lli'V'-  Tii'-r  ..tV  ("'ripi'    Mii'iiiiiii,  1.>.'1v    Vi  (Hi.-.'  m    '  in'  •'! 


•  It*^n*-    'n'tr"/'. 


<iisi    i.ij'  I'Miiiii:  nii'i 


.Ifii.ki. 


M 


Is         tVsl  ,-»l'l.ll 


'I. 


•k        IS 


IL'     I"   «li        t 
!llv.  I    111--     lif^l 


Ik   till 


iiii.'ils   ili.'it  ill 


till'    ,1.  nil.    ill  lt:i  .'( 


vv-.i,        ni> 
'•iii.|.  iffim     •i"ti!liTi 


I     Iv.;..  1-1      1I111I     ill,'     C""'"!   Ill'l-^t'-l 


w  I-  nil  11. V   1. 


,.^.«I       J-,nv|M.,-|        •! 


U.    ii.l'^ls 


.ili'r  .'1:   V    siv.ki 
S.MIll       .i..l|!l'vtl, 


'I'lll   inl.'i-'-ni'' 


Vv.  1'.''     fv' 


-li". 


Iinn-iliv. 


Ill   ll' 


I',  iiil 


ml  r-i    ,"ir   i*.". 


ll  -s  ilirii    ill.    Vn'ii.'l    t',.r.'i'  iliil  I'fi'''  1  nllirii'". 


till       islll 


.'11;    li;i-    lli<t  lulls.  "1 


.i-'l.."     till    I'l 


'It   Siiiiri'ii . 


1.1  lint    fi'.'iii    lli'il    iiii"!  I'lll 


•v.'iist  li'iii 


M     Iw'ttli^.l'll    MI 

1 


i-..'l..'ii  I 


1  I  \ 


.1,1,' 


st  mil 


ll.iv  'iiiv.   Ivil'ti  li.«i.'!.-i'.l  1V11I1111  I'ml   f.".-|    I'V 


til   n  li.iiii   tlicv    linvc  ri'iiili'tvil   tli,'iii«i'li'os  .  a.-.'.  .1 


ih'    rost.    In     iv    '.    t^iviin    i-iti7.^ii   nl 


iintvipiila". 


■:! 


'-run  KKAM  A\  ini'iii -I   iiMi'ii-r;  iiii   M\ri;ii   im  i,  . -i  \i'   imi|'M   i    r   < '/' in  :  '  iir  a 


Bl'i 


11    I 


I  Mi 


v. 


in  i 


I  i  ? 


i|  1 1|      ; 

!! 
i{    ii 


ti.: 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   A.NU  JAPAN. 

tho  riviTH  Msy.ki,iii;{  iiiiil  Siii({cm.  W'c  wcii'  iiiiiiMi' 
to  tiillow  It  (iir  want  cit'  i|i'|)tli  of  water  ;  Imt  llic  caual 
wa.s  lildi'kaili'il  and  tlii)  (/Dcliiri-tyliinKsi'  slii|iM  witi' 
ri'iliii'i'il,  at'tcr  a  lilnckailc  of  tliiri'  iimritliM,  tii  siicli  an 
oxtri'initVi  tliat  llic  Mamlarin,  Kii'mnin,  wlio  com 
niamli'il  tlii'in,  unli'icil  tlicni  to  lie  Imint  ami  tiirnril 
the  MJtil  'I'M  Mili'ill.  'I'lii'si'  nnfiii'tiinati'M,  at'ler  liavinj^ 
wancliTuiI  aliDiit  fur  ten  i|ay«,  arriM'd  at  Saij^dn  in  a 
utati'  of  utnmst  ilcstitiilinn,  and  tn  their  i,'reat  joy  iinil 
iiitinite  surprist^,  tliey  weie  kindly  received  \i\    ,ti. 

Tile    llretr    tliUN    ih'strnyed    was   eoni|Hised   dF  eight 
war-junks  (if  fii'st    rank,  and   nf  tive  of  secund  rlass 


ITl 

|iresenieil  tn  Miy  [H'Ticil;  Hi|iiaro  faco,  yellow  coni|iloxiiin, 
red  eyes  «'iiikiii;,'  lieneith  lids  niaiiif'estly  tun  larye  for 
the  or;,'aii  wliieli  tiny  envered,  wide  nmiith,  hun^'inj} 
li|is.  teeth  lilaek  and  nurnded  liy  lietel  nut,  a  liody  at 
iiiiee    thin   and   si[iiat,    and    lastly,    H|iare    hinlis, — such 

svas  the  a|i|ieai'ani f  the  ex  Inandarin  nf  Saijjiiti,   and 

with  slight  variation'' it  would  apply  to  all  his  conntry- 
nnii.  (Inly  when  we  ap|ily  it  to  the  people  we  iiiiist 
supplant  the  expiession  of  ■  unning  and  deceit,  which 
predoniinatiis  iinioiig  thosi.'  in  jiuwor,  by  one  of  sorrow 
and  dejei'tion. 

It  will   he  seen  from  this  that   tlie  Cochin-Ohineso 


riio   Cochiii-Chineso  admiral  sou;^ht  refu>{e  at   first  at  I  aro   not   hand-oine.      If  they  are  younjjt'r   lirothers  to 


C'liinpot,  ill  thu  (iulf  of  Siani.  I!ut  dreading  the 
anj{t'r  of  the  emperor,  In^  opened  his  lielly  in  the  jire- 
seneu  of  the  otKcers  of  his  stall',  as  the  lloinaii  admiral 
at  (!apu  Miseiium  would  not  have  faded  to  do  under 
siniilar  circumstances  to  the  greater  glory  of  Nero  or 
l)omitiaii. 

lint  do  not  iinagino  that  all  thn  Aiiiiamito  fiinc 
tionaries  arc  similarly  pirparcil  to  saerifici^  tlieinsclves 
so  classically  on  tln^  altar  of  heroism  or  rather  of  fear. 
A  few  weeks  afterwanls  I  had  the  pleisuie  of  si'cini;, 
with  my  own  eyes,  a  land  mandarin  arrive  at  Saigon, 
who  was  possessed  of  more  practical  philo-nphy  than 
his  maritiiue  co!lea;^Uf.  This  was  no  less  a  personage 
than     the    indigenous    prefect  of  tln^    province.     Tho 


the  Chiiiiie,  they  aro  much  degenerated  from  their 
elders,  who,  without  lieilig  Apollos,  .still  possess  gelio- 
r.illy  such  force  as  is  deriveil  from  u  more  fully  devo- 
liiped  liody  and  limhs.  They  piw.scfs  tie.sides  a  c|uulity 
wlii<'h  is  completely  unknown  to  their  neighhoura  of 
the  south  —cleanliness. 

What  we  call  with  Us  the  fair  sex  does  not  make  an 
exception  to  the  general  rule.  In  hpitt;  of  a  mild  anil 
kindly  aspect,  of  a  liu.-.t  tnliralily  wi'll  inodelled  in 
youth,  of  feet  and  iialids  that  Would  he  envied  liv  il 
I'arisian,  and  of  long  lilack  hair,  always  comlied  and 
raised  up  with  little  care  on  the  hack  of  the  head,  the 
f'ochin  Chinese  lady  does  not  impart  a  more  iigreeahlo 
impression  than   her  lord  iind   master.      With   the  one 


period  for  sowing  coming  on,  this  worthy  man,  liko  a  I  as  with  the  other,  thiM'o  are  the  same  ficial  features, 
truo  disciple  of  Triptolemus,  seized  the  pretext  of  agri- 
cultural interests  to  enter  into  negotiations  with  us, 
and  to  a.ssurc  himself  as  to  the  state  of  things,  and  the 
phvsiognoiuy  of  those  who  had  usur|ieil  his  residence 
ot'old. 

Conducted  into  tho  presence  of  our  commandant,  he 
prostrated  himself  iiiilhcr  more  imr  less  than  he  would 
liave  done  lieforo  an  idol,  and  he  then  addressed  him  in 
a  speech  which  our  interpreter  translated  in  the  tijllow- 
iiii;  char.u'teristic  terms  ; — 


the  .same  form  of  (lrcs.s,  tho  same  deteriorated  teeth, 
and  lastly  the  same  want  of  cleanliness  of  Imdy  and 
dress.  It  is  even  said  that  tlie  latter,  the  parts  of 
which  must  always  fall  otf  lietiire  they  are  replaced, 
enter  into  the  gastronomic  caiculations  of  their  pro- 
piietors,  great  or  little,  rich  or  pour,  in  as  fir  as  the 
myriads  of  insects  ti  which  they  afford  an  asylum 
are  coiiceini'd,  and  of  which  the  women  aro  not  a  Lit 
less  greeily  than  the  men. 

Apart  from  this  exiraordin.irv  taste,  common  to  nil 


•'  You  are  not  like  those  jiiriites  who  come  hut  too  das.ses  of  .society,  e\eii  that  of  the  highest  classes,  tho 
frcipiently  into  our  rivei's  to  roli  cities  and  insult  the  people  of  Ann.im  appear  to  me  to  he  more  .sober  even 
Women;  you  are  wise —since  you  c.iine  from  that  great  than  that  of  the  '.'elcstial  Kiiipire.  They  arc  utterly 
nation  in  tho  west,  who  sent  a  virtuous  man  to  the  igi'or.int  of  all  culinary  delicacies.  They  eat  little, 
King  Ngiiyoii-anh,  wh.j  was  his  friend,  and  you  are  feeding  on  lisli,  rice,  fruits,  and  a  kind  of  pea  [leculiar 
strong,  siiiie  you  belong  to  the  same  country  as  those  to  the  country,  and  it  is  only  at  tho  festival  of  tho 
who  restored  to  him  the  throne  of  his  father,  which  new  year,  a  festival  which  is  at  once  religious  a'ld  civil 
had  been  usurped  by  Tayson.  Norn"  can  resist  you  in  Cochiii-Cliina,  that  their  ordinary  temperance  is  laid 
when  you  fight,  but  you  are  disarmed  before  tin-  weak,  aside,  and  that,  according  to  a  local  expre.s.sion,  each 
Allow  us  then  to  sow  our  crops,  and  give  us  assurance  family  'kills  its  pig,"  strangles  its  ducks,  devours  its 
you  will  not  withdraw  your  |irotection  when  the  time  fermented  eggs,  (fresh  e;;gs  are  never  eaten  in  Cochin- 
comes  round  that  we  shall  have  to  gather  them  in."  ( 'hina),  and  consiimes  in  one  or  two  repasts  what  it  has 

Wlualier  ho  wius  sinocro  or  not  in  the  reipicst.  it  was  .sjived  up  during  a  whole  yi'ar.      I>ut  e\en  in  this  annual 

granted  to  him,  and  lio  was  reconducted  to  the  outposts,  dehanch,  in  thi!  midst  of  the  evanescent  fumes  of  wiiio 

with  military  huuuur.s,  which   tilled  him  with  surprise  (.sanichu)  and  rice-spirit  (rak  or  rakil.  tlie( 'ochinChinese 

and  gratitude.  cannot  shake  o|f  the  dejection  of  spirits  that  is  habitual 

(/'lad  in  a  long  rolio  of  damask  worked  with  gold  and  with  them.   Their  greatest  elforts  at  gaiety  do  not  extend 

silk,  ami  in  nether  garments  of  red  silk,  which  did  not  to  dancing,  and  i  do  not  think  that   I    ever  heard  one 

cover  his  black  feet,  very  impt^rl'cetly  protected  by  his  of  them   sing.     Never  imisy,  ijuiet  in  their  conver.sji- 

slipper.s,  this  augu.st  dignitary  had  a  black   hat  on   his  tion,  which  they  maintain  on  all  occiusions  in  ii  measured, 

head,  decorated    in   front  liko  the   hat  of  a  roadman,  nasal  tone,  if  such  a  people  jiossess  national  .songs,  they 

with  a  large  metal    plate,   upon  which  were   inscribed  must  be  among  those  which  we  occidentals  should  select 

the  name  and  arms  of  his  .Majesty   Tu  Duk,  and  which  fora  funeral.      To  sum  up,  the  general  iniprcssiou  made 

wasfuither  supplied  at  its  sidi'S  with  two  appendages  upon   us  by  Cochin-Chinese  of  all  ages  and  sexes  i.s, 

in  black  gauze,  which  looked  like  the  wings  of  a  night-  that    they    eonstitute    a    congregation    of   nielancholy 


moth,  anil  were  nine  inches  in  length.  This  curious 
head-gear  is  the  dis-tiiictivo  decoration  of  a  civil  man- 
darin, and  it  would  of  it.self  have  deserved  the  honours 


beings  ;  perlia]is  it  is  .so  becau.so  they   have   grown    old 
from  age  to  agi;  w  itliout  knowing  what  liberty  is 

In  a  subscipicnt  advance  into  tho  interior  of  the 
of  the  sketch-book,  even  if  it  had  not  surmounted  one  j  couiitr\,  made  from  Turaii,  not  Saigon,  the  troops 
of  the  most  typical  heads  anil  bodies  that  chance  ever  |  were    pushed   forward    until    they    reached    the   cle- 


:! 


172 


ALL    ROUND  TIIK   WORLD. 


I; 


lilillcil  Millllllilills  111"  M;nMi',  :l  Idlkv  inllllliv,  lulil 
sili'll'd  liV  IiiimI  Ml|irl>l  II  Inn.  ;ili\  illllMliri'  III  ulllrll 
ll.nl,     liil'    IIIMIIN      >IMI>     |i.l^l,      liirll      illlrlilirlril      li\      llli' 

<;ii\  I'lliliii'lil   I'M'li    III   llir    liiiliMNiil'  til illilI'V.        Till' 

Mii||lllilill-<    nt'    M:ll'li|i'    rise     ill    (lii>    llllililli'    iif   i|     f<Mllilv 

ili'N.rl     ;il I      >i\     llliirs     iVnlll     lllr    \ill,i','r     ul'     'llll;lll 

Tllr\  :ilc  li  lllnli'il  nil  lIli-  Imllll  liv  lllr  li\r|-  Tlllilll, 
;ili>l  nil  til'  Miiilli  liy  till'  nrinli.  On  ii|i|il'iiiii'llill^  t  lirlil, 
^111  ill  lints  nil'  iilisi'i'\  I'll  ii'^iin^'  ii|inii  till'  I'lii'kK,  :niil 
Lull'  |iiiyn(|ii>  rniisli'ilili'd  ill  lii'anl  il'iil  Limllni"^,  tin' 
I'liti'.'inri-*    III    «liiili    lilt'    LiM'il    li\    till'   I'liiivnl    nl'  till' 

I'iviT.         {''iM'      llMi;r     I'nrks     nl'  II  1:1  ll  ill  ■,     lnn|>|ni,'     likn     |||i' 

•-iiiiiniil.s  nf  ninuiihiins  KWiillnwril  ii|i  in  I  Im  >;inil>,  m- 
liinii'il  r;il  Ih'iIimK,  mI'i'  W'|iiil'ilti'il  limn  I'aili  nllirl'  li_v 
|i;i^sim'>  I'nM  iiil  willi  Inw  trrr>  iiiiil  iri'i'|iiiii;  |iliinls, 
nr  nli-.|nirti'i|  li\  liln.'ks  nl' -.Inlir,  lihli'Ki  llril  li\  till'  1','lill 
iilnl  sen  Imr/i's,  One  nl' llir^i'  |imI|i>,  ihllkrlinl  li\  tlii' 
tliirk  t'nli.'ii.'r  nt'  iii\rlli"-.  liiiniliiili'-^  ill  ti  IniiL;  rn\  iiiij 
wiiy  lii'«ii  ill  till'  rnik.  'I'lii--  i^  rrinli'i'nl  ric-v  nrilcMiMl 
li\  Niiini' lirniiil  ■'triis  Ml  Inn;;  inlri'N  .ils  A  Hi  r  pns^iii;; 
lliriiiii,'li    :i    I'i'W    M'i'niiils    nl'   i'iini|i|i'li'    ikirkiii'ss,    this 

|iMs>Mi:r  iijil'lls  ll|KiM  :l   Mlli|rl'l';llli':lll   ti'llljill'  III    ,'l   I'llM'I'tl, 

till'  iiNpci'l  nl'  «liiili  ini|iiiN.,>  till'  lii'liMJilir  wiili  its 
snii'inii  iiuiuiiiliri'lli'r  I  •"    p    U'l'.l  i 

This  I'linrinniis  I'Nr.itntinii.  in  whirli  tin'  haml  nt'  iiimii 
:l|i|ir.'irs    In    h.lVi'    wrnllu'lll     nlll     In.lliy    ill.lll'Ji"..    is  lil'lv 

III  I     Inll^'    Kv       |;.r|y    I'lrl      wi.ll',     .'lllil     IllhiUl      InllV     llxi'li'l't. 

Ill:,'h.  I'"lnlii  I  III'  i;,ilr.  nil  rillii'l' siiln  nl' \\  liirh  iiri'  I  Wil 
■  ■nlii'.Mll  >l;illli's  nl'  sinlli',  lr|  U'r-i'lil  il|.,»  ;i  hlini.iu  lll'illi» 
111  ii  slr:iii:,'i'  rnsiiiini'.  ;iii,|  si.nir  ralnilmis  iiiiiiiiiil,  - 
llini'  i>  a  ilrsiTiil  Kv  a  ilirp  aii<l  lapiil  >lair  In  tlii' 
i'nilniii  nl'  tin'  i;i'ii||.i,  « liirli  I'lrivi^  llii'  li:;lil  nt'  ilay 
lliinii^li  a  iialnral  njicniii;;  ill  llir  ithi  m  nl  i  lir  \anllnl 

I'nnl'  rill^    Is     IiIIIIl:     Willi      t'l'sliinllS    nl'    I'll  i 'I  li  II;,'      [llallts, 

in\i'i'i'il  Willi  I  a\rs  ami  llnwcrs,  llir  lpri','liliii'ss  nf 
»  liirli  ailiniralil\  iniilrasl.s  w  iili  tin'  \  arii'il  ainl  lirillianl 

I  i  Ills  nl'  till'  links        0|i{insili'  In  I  he  I'lll  I'alli'i'.   mill   II I  mil 

I  slii.'litls  i'ai~ril  |ilallni'Mi,  to  which  li'ails  a  iiannw 
pailiway  nl' liiirks,  ii'i'iiiiiial iiii;  in  sniiii'  sli'|is.  is  plarnl 
a  lii^li  allar  ailni'iii'il  with  rhamli'liiTs  iiaiiilnl  ri'ij,  ainl 

i\a\  lallilli's  nl'  llli'  sMIlli'  I'nlnlir.  A  ll-W  nllli'l-  nriia 
iiii'lils.  ri|ilally  siiiipli',  suri'niiiiil  a  slaliii'  nl'unnil  iIii'it 
III  ill  lu'ii,'lil.  ii|'iisi'iiiiii^  a  man  in  a  sitiiin>  |instiiri' 
Mis  li'alilli's.  Ills  ;;ariiii'lils.  w  liirli  havn  iinl  liiliiT  nl' I  lii' 
I  liilii'sO  sivli',  lii.s  til  I  jniiirl  ainl  plaii'il  Mil,  ami  his 
I'Mi'liili'il  liaiiils,  (li'si;.'iiali'  Idiii   Willi  Milliririil   rlianii'ss 

a>  an    iilnl   nl'  till'    I'lll.MliisI     Wnrslii|i,    ;|    irli^inll    In    w  liirli 

Is   iliii'   a    ui'ial   I'ail  nl    llir  ~ii|ii'i's|  ii  i,i|is  nl'llu'  I'.irliin 
I'liilirsi',    ainl    nl    w  hi,  li    iiiniiiiiii'iils   nt'  a    ri'liinln    aiili 

'|llil\      aVi'    In   I'l'    lllrl      Wllh     l'\  I'l'V  w  lli'l'l'    llirnlli;llnlll     this 

'"iiiil  y\ . 

ll      is     illl|.nsvil.|i       In     s;iy      wllitllrr     this    li'l  i;.'i.  .||      was 

I'lnii^ht  n\  I'l'  In  this  iniiiiii'\  I'i'.iiii  ('liiiia,  nr  w:.s  ihn 
w.iiknt'  liiilian  ami  rliiiii'sr  iiiis^i,,i,, nil's  ai  i  In  tiiiii< 
nt  till'  L.'1'i'al  iiiiiliihist  ii'\i\al.  Hi'  thai  as  it  iiiav, 
lln'  liinral  ami  si'iplii-al  ilml  i  iiii's  nl'  jiinlill'  arc  iin 
lniii.'ir    kimwii  ill  I  n.liin  ( 'hiiia.  i'\ii'|i|    in    a    ^iiiimrilv, 

sn     slliali     as     tn    In'    1  111  |  il'li'i 'I  i|  i  liji'.  Mns|     nt     |||,.    ;;i':ii| 

lil'i'S    nl    till-     sl.itr,     i,|iM||y     i:;l  |,  .I'alll      wiill     ihr     mass     nl' 

tin-  |ii'n|.ii',  i'l'lii  \i'  ill  sni'i'i'iiTs,  ilivils.  ainl  unml  ami 
hail    u'li'ii.     ar.l    alli'^niii-al    |.rrsniial  inns    nt'     the     t'niir 

cll'Illlllts. 

'I'hi'  fi'liL.'iniinl'  ihiililha,  -  it'iiliurinii  that  .an  hr  railed 
whiiM'  primary  ili'iiii'iil  is  tntal  iiliiii'iraiinii  nt' hi'lid'aiid 
the  di'.slriu'tinn  i.i'  all  t'ailli,  -  had  its  nri;;iii  in  tin'  imrlh 
nt  India.  si\  nr  srvi-n  I'i'iitiiiii's  hitnii'  mir  rni,  mid 
fapidly     tniik    I'nnt    tinr.'.    whrri'    if    I'nnld    |i\,.    withniit 

JHI-Sci'lltinll.         JlcIH'cil    I-carhcd    llli'   snllth   nl'  llln  |i('llill- 


siila,  in  l'i'\lnii  ;  hill  I'l'lntind  llii'lni'  In  the  stairs  nil 
till'  h'l'l  hank  nl  till'  ( imi^fi's  in  ir,  mid  In  I  lie  I'l'il  nl'  ihii 
II  iiiiiiliiyaii  i'aiiL;i>.  'riniii'i',  riiissiiii;  tin'  iiiiiiintiiiiis,  i' 
I'Mi'iidid  ilsrit'  with  prndi'.'iniis  lapnlily  iininn;;  tin' 
si'iiii  lialhainlls  piipidalinli  thai  tilli'dlhr  \  a- 1  strpprsni' 
inniiiilaiii  plain  •  nt'  'riiilii't  and  MnliLinliii.  lininu'nti, 
it  IraM'i'si'd  ihr  I'liist.  and  I'ln-'^in;;  the  mmillis  nl  llii' 
(!aii;;i's,  as  it  had  iihi'ady  I'l'iissnl  the  liiimilayas  and 
till'  Nni'  Kiilih,  it  iiivadi'il  riiiniiali.  .\^iini,  iiiidlhi' 
iliinirlisi'  plnN  iiiri's  that  wpmali'  Ihr  linllls  and 
I'liina.  .\t  last  it  riaihid  ('liiiia  it  ill';  mid,  in 
lln'Ni\lli  year  nl  mir  na,  madi'  .sinli  pinerrss  iis  In 
III'  nllirially  iidnplnl  liy  llir  I'.nipi  mis.  jli'lii  I'lml  ll 
I'liina  hi'i'.inii'  I  he  ^nat  scat  nl  r>iidilliisiii  ;  mid  Iri'lii 
( 'liiiia  rinanalrd  till'  mi  sinii  nf  II  iniirii  'riisiiii;;,  finiii 
w  liirli  till'  ii'siisiilatinn  nl  riiiddhisiii  in  India  datrs 
ils  I'l-a. 

I'lll  what  is  jiinhlhisin  I  I'lliilly.  Itmhlha  was  him 
sril  a  wise  man  and  a  unal  n  rnriini'.  I'ldnraird  ii 
pi'ii  si  nf  I'i'alilna,  hr  applird  him-ilr  In  Ihr  .study  nl 
till'  N'rd.is  nr  .'■ai'li'd  hunks,  mid  Mmli  prin'tratnl  In  ihi' 
Iriilh  I'.M  lyw  In  II'  In'  mw  in  that  rrlinmii  niily 
I'i'pl'i'si'lilal  IM's  nl  lilt  rihllt  IS  nf  till'  I  li'ily,  hut  Imw  In  li' 
(inil     hilll.si  If  III'     Inlllld,     tlinri'iiM  I'.     Ilnlllili,'    irllaill 

lull   till'  nil  iihatinii  nf  iimralily.     Ilriirc  till'  liist  stml- 

ill^'  pnilll  nl'  llllildllislll  isailnlllil  Illli  \  rl'.slll  si  ipl  iilMII . 
Ill  iiMiidili;,'  idnliitry  in  the  |rrniiality  nf  tlir  I'rilV, 
III'  fill  inlii  till'  rijiially  mi  inns  iiinr  nf  n..  triialiMii, 
liy  ih'chilili;;  (tnil  In  lie  llir  iiliii  c  ilsill-  prrMidilif,' 
and  aniiiialini;  all  iml  a  ^pllil.  i  i  w  i  m  r,  I  in  iirliiiilly 
the  iinivirsi'  itself.  Man,  linn  Inn  .  r>iiililha  |i|nliniilii'i  d 
In  he  a  pnrlinll  nf  the  I  elty  .  i.liil  the  hiehi  I'  Ills  till  l.'il 
enmlilinii  the  la.'irei  is  he  In  the  ,U' dly  ^plril.  Ve 
need  llnl  pninl  lillt  W  hi  I  I'  I 'III  Id  I  <1  1 11  i  III  1 1  Ills  |  ll  i  li  .sn|  hv 
while  stinlvilii;  ill  the  l'!ast  'I  he  ilifl  ll  ill  inns  nl  |:iid(l 
liislii,  in  their  |<lll'i'  slate,  eall  ii|  i  n  liiaii  In  i  I  mi  M'  fiMi 
eiiniimiliilmelitsmid  aM'id  ll  II  sins.  I'  ii  si  Inkill  Im  aiiiliail 
nflhe   niianest    kind  (as  p.-i  tiikiiii;  <d  the  li\  iii;;  i  sn  lee 

nf    the    1    lily);     lint    In     -lial;     I  nl    In    lillilllit     iljlltiiy; 

iinl  In  111':  not  In  iliiiik  i  I  1 1  \  ii  ,ii  iiie  drinks,  'I  hnM< 
H  lin  nlll  \  these  i  nmmmidiiii  iits  will  ne\el'  lie  hiili;;ry, 
nr  nil  ill  ky,  nr  iinli  rtnnale.  .Aiinnr't  the  ten  sins 
are  iliinid,  idle  t;lkil;,',  <li\y,  i  ml  lie  InlhiW  iiu'  nf 
liil.M' ^nds.  'Ihnse  w  hii  a\  I  ill  tin  m' will  lieemne  wiilliy 
In  .see  ami  he.-ir  ( Ind,  mid  he  iMIiipl  llilii  wii:;hl 
^ll|lpre.ssinll  1,    nlll  a^e,  (Mm  ase.  i.lid  death. 

1  he  11  lull  rirahliiiiis,  \\  Im  li  ni.d  this  liaihin^'  tn 
lie  ilaiii.'einiis  tn  the  |iili>amine  nl  llnir  wiirhip, 
adnpii'd  it  li\  111,'ikini;  their  i  wn  twn  ini  ai  raliens  nf 
the  |iiil\  \'i-hiiii  and  >slii\a  I  1 1  aiiie  a^aili  iliiaiiiate 
in  the  persnii  nl'  I  iiililha,  wlinse  Miptiei>m  lliy  made 
s,'ii'reil,  liy  >a\  im;  he  was  .^enl  ililn  the  w  i  I  Id  In 
inspire  ilniilits  against  the  i  ppninnls  nf  I  lahmili  and 
\isliiill.  A  M'l  urate  plie.-lhni  ll  1  f  I  I'll/es,  kept  llphv 
ililnplinli.    Was    ;;ii. dually  llstitlltid     Inr    the  V  nl  ^llip   nf 

r.iniilha.    I     the    dm  tlilie  nf   the  i  ihi ;  ey  nf  fa^ts,  iind 

prayers  liy  pi  nxy  llinni^li  tll'pril^t  In  leleiise  sniils  lii  in 
pnruatniy.  Was  iiilinihii  1  d  and  Inn  il  ly  imiilealed,  'Jims 
erailnally  the  sini)  le  eh  ar  idia  nf  rinldhtl  liilnself  de- 
eetieraled  aL;ain  inlnti  wnisliip  ef  iilti  ihiiles,  iilli'j;nrieal 
persiiiiitleatii'iis  nf  the  elelin  ills,  ami  veplile.s— I'M  ll 
the  liieanesl  nf  w  hii  ll  are  Milnlmisly  |irnteeti  d  liy  his 
ereed  'I'lnis  dn  we  find  Imw  prune  is  the  hi  mall 
iiiiiid  ill  ils  weakness  tn  repaid  the  thin;;  inaled 
ralhei-  than  the  Crealnr,  imd  In  .'i\  nin  the  mie,  simple 
idea,  klinwii  rtliil  levealed  to  the  wise,  in  all  a^es,  that 
'•(Ind  is  a  Spirit,  mid  tlmse  whn  wniship  him  must 
wniship  him    ill   spirit  and  in  triilli   " 


IIILIV, 

-ins 
;   c.f 
illiv 


jai'aNKsk  ika  (.aui.'i;ns. 


►  *  V  V-  pr-*: 


GARDENS  OF  THE  EMl'KROR  Ol'  JAl'AN.  AT  VKDDO. 


i^ii 


I  ! 


II 


7 


1. 


CHINA.  COCHIN  CHINA,   AND    lAPAN. 


175 


JAPAN. 


Fak  away  in  tlie  Nortli  Piicifio  Ocean,  almttiii','  on 
'. 'Iiiiiii,  witii  wliii'li  tlh'V  iiro  I'DiinciitiMl  l)y  Sinflialirii. 
Imr,  pliysicallv  iiiiitiMl  liy  Kani-^cliatka,  of  wliicli  tlu'y 
aiiil  till'  IviM'ili'  tsli's  tiinn  Imt  a  .s|nir,  is  a  jjroiip  of 
i'lmils  wliicli  vi'i'y  ild^rly  ri'M'Mil>lt'  (.Jroat  Uritaiii  wllli 
If  ■!  Hill  to  till,'  mirth  of  t^cotlanil,  ami  two  gri'at  isluuls 
in  till!  (Jliaiim-l,  this  <;rou|i  Ih'Imlj  again  |ii-i>lonj;iMl  liy 
th  '  liOo  clioi"  anil  otlirr  isli'ts  to  Fonmwa  ami  tlii' 
l'hili|i|iim!  Islamis,  ami  liy  tlu'so  ajjain  ami  Ni'w  (.uiiii'a 
to  tlu^  oontinont  of  Australia,  thus  constitutinj,'  ont' 
uri'at  liand  of  n.ck.  ami  lauil,  ami  sea,  which  i,'irt  liy 
thi'ir  soaiiciri'ular  ilisiMisitiiiii  tin;  Ari;liAri'hi|it'laf,'o  of 
lilt!  worlil — ono  ex|iansi' of  ooi'aii,  I'vcrywhi-ri'  stuililiiil 
with  coral  rcrl's,  isli'ts,  isl.inils.  aii'l  i,'rou|>s  of  islamis.' 

Tlio  lands  in  nin'stiou  rich  with  all  the  gifts  of 
II  iturc,  fertilo  licyoml  uu'asui'i',  ami  with  a  gloiioiis 
iliinatc,  have  long  constituti'  I  a  |io|)ulimseiii[)irii  ri'iiiote 
from  till'  rest  of  the  worlil,  ami  which,  if  accidiMitally 
or  imrpost'ly  thrown  in  cmitict  with  it,  it  has  rcpclli'.l 
uitli  cliurlish  scltislincss.      This  ouipin^  is  callcil  liy  the 

II  itivi's,  Niji-poii,  "  llic  Kiiipirc  of  till"  Sun,"  or  "Suii- 
s  iiirc'  Ijountry,"  .iml  Itv  the  ('hiiiese.  Yang  liu.  INIirco 
Polo,  the  eelelirateil  Vcni'tian  tr.iveller,  ha\iiig  first 
a  iiiouneeil  its  oxisteiiee  to  Kiiropcaiis,  c.illeil  the 
1  iiiiitry  Zipangn, — a  name  which  has  lieeonie  .I'llin - 
vi  itijil  ami  corriipteil  into  .lapiii.  Kroin  tlie  liest 
I  liiie.isurement,  it  woulil  appc.ir  that  this  vast  insular 

.■iii|iire  of  Kastern  Asia  |ii)s.se.s.si's  a  superficies  of 
-7l>,-ll  si|n;ire  miles.  Its  population  is  iiiiiuense, 
riie  nuiiilier  of  |ii'ople  one  eiicminteri  mi  the  roads 
:iiid  higliWiivs  is  imredilile  It  has  lii.'eii  esriiiiit.ed  as 
liiiili  as  .")(!.( Mil  I.I  11 II),  .111  I  as  low  ius  10.(1  111,01111,  hut 
I  lere  caiimit  he  less  tliiii  :i0.oOi(,0(iO,  and  (hey  arc 
"!'  .Moii'^olo-Uliiii".se  or  Tartir  Chiiii'si'  origin;  their 
1  in'.,'uag  ■  lieiiig  ,iNo  a  dialert  of  the  (.'liilie.se, 

Tlie  first  si'ttleiiii'iit  in  dapiiii  took  its  origin  in 
the  wr  i-k  of  the  I'ortugilese  .i  Iv.'iitiircr  Kern  iiido 
.Mcndez  I'liito,  ill  1")12  or  l-")t.'i.  who  e  uric  I  such 
glowing  accounts  to  his  countrymen  as  to  induce  tlieai 
t  >  si'iid  a  e  imiirTcial  expedition,  which,  estalilisliiiig 
itM'lf  at  Xagisaki,  conducted  tor  s 'veral  year-i  a  emi- 
-1  ler.ihle  tiMile  with  the  n  itives  In  l").S').  a  mlssioii- 
iry  deputation  was  sent  from  Uoiiie  to  .lap.in,  ami  the 
.lesiiits  having  set  alioiit  converting  tlie  n.uives,  such 

III  oiiterv  w.is  r.ii  I'd.  an  I  so  many  lives  saerili  ed,  that 
the  I     Miigiies'  were  ulili^ed  to  leave  the  country. 

The   I'ortrgucse  were  succeeded  in  the  J.ipan  trade 


'  i'lic  islitnil  I'lnpiro  of  .lapaii 'ii'i'iipii's  'iii  iiisiihir  ]ii)siliiMi  "(f 
I  'it'  "li-it  I'liiist    of  (\iiitiiii'iit:il     Vsia,  .-11111   iipp  isitt^  t'l    the   Si'ii  iit 

i.ipiii.  ami  the  (iiilf'uf  t'ariary,  ;ai«l  t'liri'.i,  tVirii  wiiicli  it  in  scjii- 
i-iii-ittiy  .MiiMli'liiiria,  iiii'f  is  ruiisi'iniently  tlie  iiiimt  ea-iti-rlv  piirt 

'I  'iir  lieMiispliere  ;  till' sun  rises  iiviT  Yi'iMn  eiirht  fuiiii's  tiui'lier 
tiiei  civi'r    l,oiiifiiii.      fill-  OMi|iiri'  cnn;, rises  live  1  n\'e    a'lil    twi. 

HI  iiti-i'il  small  i.slaiuls,  witli  iin  n  ■nias  islets  an  I  ili'|ii'iiili'iii'ii's  ; 
i  .,-lii.liiii;  (lie   1<  le-i-liii  ^'riii|,.    iihl   til,'    Kurile    .\n'liip,'liii;,i.       ft 

od'ii'fsl'r til.' 2 nil  t.i  till'  .'iiltli  .f.'irn'!    if  iionli  lalilii.le,  niul 

iV.i  II  lliu  fi:tni  1.1  111,.  l.-,7iii   .l.^r- ,|' eist    l.iiisrilinle.      Tn   (lie 

ii'i'iliitis  li.mii.fi'il  iiy  ilie  S.M  .it'  l^k'il-k,  nn.l  llh'  l:iili'pi'iiil.'iil 
piirtiiiii  of  llie  i-l mil  pi'iiiiisiilii  .it'  S:i,'li;ilii'n;  t  i  the  east  hy  ll.i' 
ii'irlfi  I'lU'ilii' O.'i' HI ;  I.)  till!  S'liith  liy  the  easii'ni  Sea  <,(  ('iiiii:i; 
iiiiil  til  till  wi'sl  111  the  S.'ii  iif  .1  ipi'i,  which  I'.iiii  iiimieili's  iiith 
tli.' ■•—Ill  hy  till' Sti-.iiis  .it'  1,1  1','f.iiise  iii'  Saii.'.ia  iiiul  iithers 
'■  iiiiiiiiy  lii'lwi'i'ii  the  viin.ius  i<l mils,      ()('  tli.'-i'  isl.iii.l.;,  S'ipuii  is 


Ji  •  1.1 


Iv 


tu  thruu  Uiiiiilrel  iiiili 


sixl.'i'ii  liiiii.lrc.l  m  h's  ill  U'li'.'tli,  aiiil    |r 


by  the  Dutch,  in  whose  favour  at>  exception  wa.s  miule 
111!  account  of  their  lieiiig  rrotestants. 

The  trade  of  the  latter  ]ieopli'  was,  at  one  (imp,  of 
eiiorm  lUs  value,  hut  has  dwimlli'd  down  to  its  |ireseiit 
eiinijiarativcly  insi^iiilieint  amount  tlirongh  their  own 
iiiismaiiag.'Mient  ami  iiidi.scretion.  There  was  a  jieriod 
in  the  lii>tiiry  of  their  comiiii'icial  interiourse  with  the 
dapamse,  when  thev  drained  the  islaiiii  of  the  ]ireeious 
metals  to  an  iiicredilile  aiiuiuiit.  This  e.xcited  the 
iipprclieiisioiis  of  the  (Jiiiirt  much  in  tlie  same  wav  iis 
the  excliaiigc  of  silver,  and  mitliinj;  Imt  silver,  for 
opium,  lately  liroiiglit  matters  to  a  crisis  in  China, 
The  value  of  the  currency  was  cinistantly  taiii|iereil  with 
in  iill  traiisactious  lietweeii  the  l>uteh  and  Japanese ; 
and  to  such  an  extent,  writes  Mr,  InknH',  '•  that  our 
commerce  w.is  carried  on  hy  the  people  groping  in  the 
il.il-k,  neither  knowing  the  actual  juice  of  jmrclia.se  or 
.sale.  Since  17I0,  ail  irticles  of  trade  not  ilispo.seil  of.it  a 
]iriifit  of  (i.'i  jier  cent  remlered  a  loss."  The  same  writer 
Lells  us  that  his  eoiiiitrynieii  have,  over  and  ove!  again, 
declined  toreeeite  many  v.iliialilc  articles  oteomiiu'ive 
which  were  from  time  to  time  ti  iidt'ied  hy  thclapanese, 
T'lie  condiut  of  the  (^'(Unpany's  ,M'r\ants  at  .l,i)iaii  a|ipeiirs 
to  have  lieen  most  ilijudiciinis.  Instead  of  a  dignified 
lint  linn  resistance  to  all  the  ('iicroaehmeiits  and  insults 
of  the  Japanese,  they  gave  way  in  cxeiy  inslanee  :  and 
this  li.i.se  eomlnct  on  the  ]iart  of  jiuropeaiis  tended 
inlinitely  to  increase  the  jiride  and  iirrogance  ol  an 
already    \    in,  ignorant,  ami  exclnsivc  peii|ile. 

In  Kiol,  llageiiaar  was  sent  hy  the  (Jov.'riio: 
geiieriliif  I'latavia  to  l'"oriiiiis,i  ami  Ja]i,in.  'I'lie  hiitch.al 
that  lime  had  what  they  call  a  lodge-  a  large  wooden 
liuiMiiig  — in  the  hay  of  Finimlo,  as  also  a  fiietory  at 
Kiirki.  The  intoleraiiee  and  jealou.sy  of  the  Japanese 
was  manifest  on  tlii.--  as  on  all  other  occ,i.>.inns.  'I'hirtv- 
seveii  persons  lost  their  lives  at  I'iraMilo,  i.i  aceiuint  of 
tluur  heing  either  pliifesseil  Christians  or  horn  of 
■(,'liristian  parents.  Some  wire  hung  up  hy  the  feet; 
others  wi'ie  lielieaded.  and  ml  to  pieces;  and,  again, 
iithei's    were  tied  to  stakes  uml  luiriit. 

In  lli.'i."),  llageiiaar  having  visited  Fit iiiido  a  second 
time,  disputes  had  arisen  which  necessitated  a  mission 
to  Yeddo.  Aceiiidiiigly,  a  pulilic  entry  was  made  into 
the  capital,  on  which  occasion  the  concoiir.se  of  ]ii'ii|ili.' 
was  so  gr.'it,  that  they  conlil  scarcely  move  forward. 
Ihit,  as  usual,  af'er  a  mniitli  had  marly  elapsed  in 
various  pr  icrastinated  ceiiiiionii s  and  Degotiations,  a 
message  was  .sent,  intimating  (hat  im  oppnrtuiiitj  had 
yet  occurred  of  laving  their  pelitiiui  letine  the  einperor, 
that  it  was  not  likely  their  iiiisincss  could  he  ilmie  for 
soiiie  time,  and  that  the  Juitcli  liiissioii  had  hetter 
•'•'(urn   to  wl.cnce  it  came. 

Ilagenaav  accordingly  returned,  hut  some  of  the 
iJiiteli  merchiiiits  rem.iiiieil  liehiml.  among  whom  was 
I'Vaiis  Ciroii.  who  left  ns  one  of  the  earliest  aicountsof 
the  capital  of  the  coiintry,   which  he  desnihes  as  heing 

very  l.irge.  the  pala r  castle  alone  hiiiig  tour  or  live 

miles  in  eireiiml'erence,  and  tlie  streets  in  extent  are.  lie 
adds,  very  hroail,  an<l  siune  are  lioidired  on  hoth  sides 
hy  sumptuous  p.dices  The  gates  ai'e  fi.rlified  on  eai'h 
side  with  iron  haiids  or  gratinirs.  and  ovi  reach  grating 
1    a    larjie  huildiii''.   eaiiali 


liri'iiiltli  at  ihll'iTi'iit  piirta. 


lip   of 


onlainini 


ol 


cessity,  two  or  three  liun.lred  men 


ji  il 


|i!!  'I 


|:Ui|     I 


j  ,t  : 


IS, I 


iiriii 


ITI 


ALL  RUUM>    I'UL    WOELL 


•:M 


iv!;  ■        '-lis  ¥C4r*^MNftr; :  -^ :' ' 


■f\-; 


T^?^.-:'/^ 


JAPANESE    LADY. 

It  I.-.,    C.tr.Mi  sMvs,  till'   iDti'iiiir  |part  nf  t'lo  oastle  in  '  literaturo.      Tlio  iini-tcr  nf  tlic  tronps  wliicli  tlic  kind's 

aIju'Ii    lie  iiii|  i-'i'i;il  |i;il;iOP  is  sitUMird,  c-iiii~i<i  irii:  i>t' Mianv  Mini  imMi'S  iini^t  luciiisli,  iiiHiii  tlio  first  siii'iiiiuiis  ut' the 

Lui.'c:i]iMrtliicii<>.  Mil  puiiiilril  liyL.'r<JVi'>,  will.  h.  nil  liiiUi;li  ('..int.  :iiiiiiiiuti'il  :it  tli,-it  time  tn  ."(JS.ll'iil   jntiiiitrv  iiinl 

I'laiitril  liV  Ml't.  ii|i|n',ir  to  1pi'  till'  piMilii' linii   111   iiatiiii'  L'li.llllil  imn  mIi'v.      Must  lit' till' iml. It's,  iniw.-vi-r.  j;iiiiiallv 

'I'liTi'  are   liki'WiM'  lisli|n>iiiU,    liviilit^,   nin'ii     -iinis,  krpt   in  artual    s('r\  ire  twiic  as   many    triiii|is  as  tlu'v 

raci'  1,'i-niiiiiis,  riilrs,  jianli'iis,  ami  a  iiuiiilrrr  <>(  M-[paiat<'  mv  rii|iiiri'il  tu  t'liniisli  at  lln'  tii~t  Miiiiinuii^.      'Mie  t.'in- 

a[iartmt'iit.s  t'nr  tin'  wniiii'ii.  pri-ur  al.-o  I'litiTtaiiii'il.  mit  i>i  ln.s  |ii-iv,itr  ]piiis(',  lo.diiii 

In  tlio  si'ciiinl  ciiilii^iui'   stami   ti.o   |iala('t's  cif   tin'  tuut  suliliirs  ami  I'li.niill  Imisi-miii.  viliu  \\r  iii  j.'airisiiii 

juiiiccs  of  the  111 1,   ail  I  nt'  tin'   ]irim-i|ial   iiiiiiistiTs.  in  tlic  citii'S  or  t'ortri->.sis.  or  si  tm'   liim  ms  Imilv  i;iiarils 

Intlie  tliii'il  anil  iiiili'i' i'niin>iii'i's  aiv  till' |ialaii'Sot' till'  All   tlie  oa\,ilry    wrar    afiinair,   liiit     tin'     ('nut  .sulilirrs 

kind's  anil  imlili'S  ot' .lapaii,  all  L'ilt  ami  ncliiy  ailoi'iii  i|.  only    wi'ar     a    lirlimt.       Soini'    ot    tin'    limsfiiK'n   ar, 

W'ithont  art' till' iIai'IHui^s  ai.it  liinisi'>  of  tlio  iiil'i'iiiir  tlt'.st  lilii'il   at   that   liiiu'as  luiiij;   ariiifil   with  iiistnls. 

iiiililfs,  more  1)1' Ifs^  >iiiii|iliiiiiis  afi'iiriling  to  tlii'ir rank,  sonn'   with    .short   lami's,   ami    otiifrs    with    linw.s    ano 

Taken  altoi^L'thi'r,  tuis  astiini>liinL;ly  lai  _a' jialai--i'a|i|ii'ars  air.  .vs  ;      II.  liiiWL'\i'r,   wfrt'   ]iin\  iilnl   vii'i   si-imil  ■ 

within  anil   without   likf  a  ;,'olilili   nioiintaiii  ;   for  all  i  lu'  int'aiitry  wtTO  aniicil  with  two  sahns,  ami,  at-i. 

the  nohli's,  finiii  til'    lii:.'lit'st  to  t.  e  lowest,  .spare  no  in^  to  tlio  sizo  ami  .stri'ii;j;th  of  tlio  nifii,  with  Ih'.-v.     ; 

ox]it'nso  to  ornaimnt  tht'ir  rosiilonci's.  Iii,'liti'r    tiri'luks       Soun'  t-arrioil  hmj;   pikis   or  i.ia!. 

H'   e  ri'siilf  tlio  inarriiil  wives  ami  ihililnn   of  tlie  ;,'a!ii'ts,   "  w  hiili   are  a  sort  of  liayonel.'      Hut  this  lia.s 

liol)l.s,  in  oriler  that,   lieiin;  always  unil  i'  the  eye  ot  ^iilevu'nni'   ureat  eliaiiL;es,   tire-arms  having  lieen   inoro 

the  ('oiirt,  they  may  serve  as  lio«tai;es  for  tlieii'  fiiit-Kty.  giinrally  iiiirnilneeil. 

'I'his  cxe liiiiily  spaiious  jialnct'.  wliieli   h      ..o  e.xtent  Smh    w.us    tli"    wr.ilth   of    .Ja|ian    at    this     |ierioil, 

1  ipial  to  a  jHPpiiliins  city,  is  tliiis  at  all  times  filleil  with  that  the  iiiconn-  "f  llio  eliiei'  ministers  aiiioiintid  to 

;.'reat  men,    who    ni\rr    appear    in    pnlilie    witlnint    a  f  I  "-■_', ntiil,  tlmse  of  tlio  inferior  pLneimn  to  ~'l' l.dOlt, 

iniiiiei'ons  retinne  of  inferior  iioliles,  pages,  hor>i~.  iiiel  ami  tlio  Nilaries  of  those  who  till  the  lowest  fiitnaliniis 

palankiiis.      The   slret'ts,    however  liroinl,  are  yet  too  may.    at    least,     ho     reikoiiiil     at    fioin     .t'l>".-(10    ti> 

narrow  fir  their  |iiim|"iiis  pioees-ioiis.  .t'l'7,:)(lll.      Hut,  alilioiiL.'h  l  he  iioliies  also  pM,M'.-seil  very 

(laioii.  ilesiiihiiii,' atterw.inl.s  the  Jioinp  ami  inagnili-  enormmis  revenues,  yit   the  expeiist-s   whnh    they  am 

eeiiee    ,       the    Imperial   I'etiiine,  ailils,    '' llow    umniii  dliligeil  to  inelir  sw.iHi.w  all  up.      At  Veihlo,  espi  • '.illy, 


ilv  la 


liv   thi 


I'ver  tlio  nuinliei'  lie  ot   the  .snliliiis   kept     eveiytl 


1111^  w.us  Vl 


TV  tie 


ear,  ami  lioii.sekoi  inn;;,  ( 


lis  nionareJi,  none  are 


fouml  iimongst  them   Imt     on  tlio  Japanese  walo,  was  very  I'.xpi 


W 


i" 


chosen    riieii,   wi'U  male,  of  a  I'oiirageoiis  ap|iearanee.     eaii  ho   imagineil   as  contrihiitimg  tu  pleisur     ai'.      .0 
•xper'  in  the   u.so  of  urnis,  ami  omii   not   i;.'iiiir.ilil  of,  >ii|iport  ot   Ihaov    was   to   ho  nut    with.      The  einur- 


^r 


1 


TOILET  Vl-  A  JAl'iVNESL.  LADY. 


I '   f. 


1  I 


IJ: 


tiiiiimniits  jjivrn  by  kings  and  nolilcs  to  t\\r  c'm[)iT<ii- 
were  iit'toii  niiiicms  to  tliciii. 

Tlio  woiiicii  of  Jiipiiii,  iicconliiig  to  tlie  Kami^  old 
tnivcllcr.  wen;  rij^idly  secluded,  even  more  so  tlimi 
anioiig  tlie  Muli.ininindiiiis  ;  Imt  tliey  liiid  iii:iny  plea- 
sures— giirdeiiH,  fisli|ioMds,  arliours,  Niiniiiiei'dioiiHes, 
lialf  ashore  and  halt'  over  the  water,  and  all  sorts  ot' 
lamllpirds  and  waterfowl,  niii-ieal  insti'unii'Uts,  and  such 
like.  I'lays  wen;  re|iresen(ed,  and  feasts  and  l)ani(Mets 
constant Iv  oeeiir.  Their  di'ess  wasof  dilfei-ent  coloured 
silk  ;  each,  aecording  to  the  rank  they  hold,  or  the 
post  assij;ned  them,  wearini;  an  apiiointeil  colour. 

The  revcniu's  of  the  noKli's  ari.se  out;  of  the  various 
])roiluets  which  their  territories  afford.  Soum!  lands 
j'ield  corn;  some,  gold  and  .silver;  others,  copper,  iron, 
tin,  or  lead;  others  a,'ain,  tinilior,  hemp,  cotton,  itv 
silk.  The  oniperor  disposes  of  the  fisheries,  more 
particularly  of  tlie  whd'  tisheries.  onci'  ii  source  of 
largi'  revenue,  hut  now  almost  in  the  hauils  of  Ameri- 
cans and  others.  The  Japanese  are  neither  very 
.superstitious,  nor  are  they  over -religious;  they  do  not 
pray  eitlu'i'  in  the  morning  or  the  evening,  and  the 
most  religious  .scarcely  go  to  the  jiagoda  more  than 
(Mice  a  month  At  the  same  time  the  numher  of 
pagodas  in  Jaiiin  is  iiicredihly  large.  The  |iriests 
i-eside  in  tliem,  from  two  to  twenty  in  a  community, 
according  to  the  siz<'  of  the  huildiugs, 

Till?  ])ricsts  naturally  side  with  the  nobles  in  keeping 
the  people  and  tlu'  middle  classes  in  iguor.ince  and 
slavery;  the  military  ami  the  ])rii'sts  are  more  or  loss 
despotic;  anil  in  this  system,  all  the  evils  of  feudalism 
lieingsu)ieradileil  to  a  jiure  and  ii'respoiisible  despotism, 
are  to  be  traced  the  long  sivbHion  of  the  nation. 
Only  let  the  merchants  and  the  industriou.s  classes  oiico 
feel  their  importance  in  the  soci.il  state,  and  such  a 
.seclusion  would  .soon  become  impossible. 

All  the  neces-arics  and  hiNuries  of  lite  are  produced 
in  the  einjiire.  It  yields  gild,  silver,  copper,  and  lead 
in  uhundance,  and  fiimslies  also  cotton  cloth,  goat- 
.skins,  an  annual  ipiantity  of  one  hundred  thousand 
pcculs  of  silk,  .-ind  between  three  and  four  hundred 
thousand  jieculs  of  silk  cotton  (the  produce  of  the 
/loiitliii.e  pfiiUinilruiit),  a  great  many  deerskins,  timber, 
and  all  kinds  of  |a-ovisioMs  in  much  grcatei- abundance 
than  is  rei|uisit<?  tor  the  sul)sistence  of  the  inhabitants, 
.laiiancse  ware  and  Japan  work  has  been  celebrated 
from  a  renu>te  autiipiity.  It  is  alluded  to  in  the 
'.\rabian  Nights'  Hutcrtainnients  " 

'I'he  climate  of  Japan  is  said  to  be  happy  and  health- 
ful, but  .subject  to  extremes  of  cold  in  winter  and  of 
heat  in  summer  ;  this,  however,  must  vary  nuich  in 
diirereiit  islands.  It  rains  frcipieiitly,  with  much 
thunder  ami  lightning,  'i'he  sea,  which  encompasses 
the  islands,  is  very  roU',di  and  stormy,  which,  with 
many  rocks,  elilJ's,  and  shoids,  above  and  under  water, 
makes  its  navigation  very  d.ingcrons.  There  arc  also 
two  remarkable  and  dingerous  whirlpools.  Water- 
spouts are  also  fri'ipu'iilly  ob.served  to  rise  in  the 
Ja|iauese  seius.  The  natives  fancy  that  they  are  ,i 
kind  of  water-dragon.  Kaithipiakes  are  .so  couuuon 
that  the  nativi's  think  no  more  of  them  than  we  do 
of  an  ordinary  storm.  Yet,  .sometimes,  whole  cities 
are  destroyed,  and  thousands  of  inhabitants  buried 
under  the  ruins.  Such  a  die.idl'ul  acciilent  happened, 
as  Father  Lewisde  Kroes  rel.ites  ("  |)e  iJcbiis  J.iponicis 
collc^cto  a  Joh.  il.ivo"),  in  the  year  l.^SO.  Keuipfer 
relates  thai,  in  liO.t,  livan  cirtlnpiake,  and  tile  that 
foUowed  thereon,  utmost   the  whole  city  of  Yeddo,  and 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


179 


the  iinpeiial  palace  itself,  were  destroyed  and  laid  in 
ashes,  and  npw.irils  of  200,000  inhabitants  buried 
under  the  ruins.' 

There  are  burning  mountains  in  several  of  the 
islands,  some  of  which  seem  to  be  of  volcanic  origin, 
but  other's  to  be  chemical  phenomena.  (,'oal  is  al.so 
.said  to  ab  mad.  In  some  pai'ts  the  native's  use  iiaptha 
insteiil  of  oil.  Amber  is  abundant,  and  the  jicarl 
fishery  is  prosecuted  with  success. 

Amongst  the  chief  trees  ai'C  the  mnlbe.  i'V,  varnish- 
tree,  various  laui'cls  and  bays,  cani]ihor-lanrcl,  the  tea- 
shrub,  sansio  (used  instead  of  pepper  or  ginger),  fig- 
tree.s,  chesnuts,  walnut",  oranges,  lemons,  grapes,  Ac, 
itc.  The  superiority  of  the  .Ja|ian  varnish  is  owing  to 
the  virtues  of  the  neiisi,  or  varnish-tree,  described  by 
KoBUipfer  in  his   "  .\niieiiilates  Exotica'" 

Such  is  about  the  state  of  inliirnialion  which  we 
|ios.se.sseil  of  this  remarkable  connliN,  pie\ioiis  to  the 
late  expeditious  of  the  .\nglo  A  mericans  and  of  the 
i'higlish,  and  the  research  s  of  the  natui'alist  Siebidd. 

'  Tlu'  i>1iui(ls  of  ,l:i]i:iii  arc  L'ssciitiiiUy  iiumntiiiiioiis  laiil  rockv, 
liciiii;  cliii'tly  iif  vnlranic  eri^iii.  N"i]i-|iipii  is  tnivcrhcd  llirnn^li.iiit 
its  wliolc  Icii^tli  liy  a  cliaia  of  mouiitjiiiis,  sinno  of  uliosc  ]!t'ui,s  arc 
clail  vvilli  |ii'r|ictual  snow.  Tlio  waters  (low  on  tlic  diic  siile  to  tliu 
Sim  of  .lap.in,  oa  tlii'  otiicp  to  ii  o  I'acilic.  Acconliiij;  to  tlic 
tlapiacsc  aan.ils,  .Mninil  Kasi  or  Kiis  \  iiinii,  tlic  loHicst  niounliiia  of 
all  .bi)i;iii  (;i7li;i  iiic'tri's),  rnsu  out  oi  tliu  eiirlli  'J:s'>  \c:  rs  ii.e.,  ami 
iincnonaoas  (lcprrs<inii  pivu  rise,  at  lio  uniia;  time,  lo  llii'jrivat  lake 
Mit/.ea,  or  l)il»  (lliwakc,  in  Siili'ilil's  iiiiip).  I'lisi  was  lor  a  long 
tiiaona  acti\i;  volcano  ;  son  a;  of  its  ci  iiptiiats  liiive  In  en  tri^'htlnl  anil 
«urc  iiccoinpanit'il  liy  tliu  must  tcrrililu  ilc\astatioii  from  Inva  ami 
cartlupiiilicv.  It  lias,  liowcvir,  lii'cn  now  ipiicsccnl  lor  up«iinls  of 
a  ccaliiry.  So  late,  Iiowcvi'r.  iis  tlic  lillnl  of  Di'ccnilK'r,  IHo  1,  an 
carlliipia  ,«  niMi-ly  (lisir.iyi'il  tlic  jioil  mikI  town  of  .*<iino(hi,  anil  willi 
tlu'iii  the  l{as>i;in  fn^'.iLc  IHhiki,  w  i/uli,  liii\iiiL'"  lici  n  linnU'il  ovi-r 
tlic  I'.icilic  ()cc:iii  liy  tin!  Kiij;lisli  lied,  Imil  liiwllv  lakcn  rcliific  in 
till'  .liipiiicsi'  wat.'rs.  Tlie  story  is  tolil  ns  follows  in  t'nmmodort' 
I'l'ri y  s  "  Voyii;.'e  :"-  "On  tlic  arrival  of  t'nminiiinlir  Adams  at 
siinoili,  111,'  I'oaiid  n  ]sri:it  and  sad  clianirc  in  tlic  iiliysiciil  iispccts 
ot  till'  pl.h'c.  la  tlic  iiicrviil  of  Ins  aliscnrc  IVoni  .lapjii  (on  tlie 
2:ti'd  of  Dcccmlicr,  1N,'>  1)  an  i'Mrllii|niilic  lanl  lu-cnrriil,  wliicli  was 

felt  on  llie  whole  i si  of  .l:ip:in,  iioinj;  soincinjnix  to  tlic  ('Mpil:il, 

Veil  111,  eonipletelv  ilestruviiii!  tlie  line  city  of  (  ).sm  a,  on  I  lie  snnlli- 
east.Tii  side  of  N'lp  m,  and  leiivini,'  almndant  evidenees  of  its 
riiiiioiis  etV  els  at  Siinoda.  Kvery  liouse  and  pnlilie  liiiildinj;  on 
till' low-  pronnils  has  tieeii  destroyed;  a  few  li  tuples  and  private 
edifices,  tli.il  sIihhI  on  elevated  spots,  were  all  tlait  escaped;  and 
si.\ti'ea  striii'l  iin-s  were  all  tli.it  was  lelt  of  what  was  once  SiniiHla. 
'I'he  iahii'iiitains  told  Con'.i.aiider  Adains,  that  llie  di'slraetion 
was  not  eatiM'd  iiy  the  iiniiii-ili.ite  airitation  of  the  earth,  lait  liv 
the  sea  wliieli  it  oeeas'oin  d,  and  wliili  ntriiarly  followed  the 
shoi'iis.  Aeeordinj^  to  the  statements  of  the  .lapanese,  the  waters 
ill  the  hay  and  near  the  shore  were  first  oliser\id  to  he  violenlK 
a|,'itated;  they  soon  l)i';.'aii  rapiiily  to  retreat,  hiiviiig  the  lioltoni 
of  I  le  harli'Mir,  where  iisiialiy  tl  i-re  were  nine  fei-i  of  water,  neailv 
hare.  The  water  then  riisiii  d  in  iipon  theland,  in  a  Wii\e  livefatltonis 
aliiive  it*  usual  hei(;hl,  and,  overtlowiii);  Ihetowii  up  to  the  tops'  f 
the  lion  es,  swept  evtrvt Ion-.;  a\vay.  1  he  Iri^jhteni'd  iiihahitants 
lied  to  tlie  hills  for  safety:  lull,  hefore  they  eonld  reach  their 
snnin  .ts,  they  were  orertaken  liy  the  eliinliiii^  waters,  and  hun- 
dred were  drowned.  'I'he  wiitia's  ri'treated  and  returned  in  this 
niiiiiiier  live  several  times,  tearing  down  everythiiiL',  iiiid  strewing 
the  aiijaeent  shores  with  tlie  w  ri'ei\s,  and  ruins  of  houses  prostrati  d, 
and  vessels  torn  from  their  anehorai:e.  The  Itiissian  I'rigat,- 
linvi'i,  hearing  the  Hag  cf  Adiiiir  d  I'oiitiatine,  was  lying  in  tliu 
liarlioiir  at  the  time.  The  i{ii>si:iii  ollieers  told  Coinniamler 
.■\daiiis,  that,  whin  the  waters  retreated,  tin;  mnd  I)  iled  up  from 
Ihehtlom  ill  a  thiiii-aiid  sjirnigs.  When  they  came  in,  |l,in 
lioile  I  lii.e  a  mael-troni,  and  sneli  was  their  veloeily  and  force, 
tli.it  the  t'rigate  aetiially  made  forly-tlirei'  eomplele  revolutions  in 
the  space  of  thirty  miaiites.  Tin  ir  anchor  had  been  let  go  in 
sixfithoms;  wlu'ii  the  waters  retreated,  tiny  eonld  see  it,  and 
had  hill  fair  feet  of  water  alnn.'side.  Her  rinlder,  stern  pari,  and 
a  great  jiart  of  lier  keil  were  knuekiil  oil'  and  lost,  ami  her 
liiilloin  niiieli  iiijund.  In  the  endeavunr  to  carry  her  aerogs  the 
hay  for  rep.iir,  si.e  s.iiik.  'I'lie  .lapaneiie  speedily  set  lo  work  to 
ruhaiUl  and  rutit  tliu  tuwii,  uliieli  is  now  ngniii  u  tluiirisliiiig  uno. 


m 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


11 


i 


I' 

m 


■: ' 


Tlio  ]ii'. >;■!■(>.«  iiiadn  hv  tlio  Ancjio-Aiiii'riciiiis,  in 
brnnkin;;  dnwii  tl,c  cxclusivi^  liaii-it^rs  of  tlii.s  rilil 
country,  is  siittiriciitiy  iilli'slcd  liy  llic  tiu't  tlitit  they 
liavt'  iinliircil  t  liis  scclMilt'il  iiiilimi,  wliicli  iicitlicr  tivi- 
vcllfil  nnr  |iciiiiitti'il  travel,  to  st'iid  a  iuis.siou  to  tliu 
United  Stiitfs 

The  AmeritMiis  liave,  indeed,  i\  just  ri;;lit  to  impel  ii 
stnlilK>rn  nation  to  .•u't.-^  of  eoniiiion  liiiinanity.  Japan 
had  not -only  refusi'd  to  liolil  eoiiiiiier<'ial  iutereourse 
with  the  rest  nf  the  world — a  very  i|ii(stioiialile  rii;ht 
— hut  sli(!  went  tun  her  ;  and  oceupyiiii;,  iis  she  does, 
an  enormous  extent  of  seaeoast,  she  not  oidy  refused 
f"  open  her  ports  to  foreii^n  M'ssels  in  distress,  hut 
actually  opeiu'il   her  lialteries  (suih   as  they  are)  upon 

them  when   they  appi cIhmI   within  gun  shot  of  her 

shores,  and  when  driven  upon  them  hy  stress  of 
weiither,  she  seized  upon,  imprisoned,  exhiliited  in 
f,ij{es,  and  actually  nninlered  the  crews  of  such  ill- 
fated  vessels, 

"  This,"  argued  the  Americans,  "  has  hoeii  siihmitted 
to  too  lonj;  alniidy  ;  and  the  constant  increase  of  our 
whale  licet,  and  the  conseipient  increase  of  disasters  in 
this  harharous  and  inhospitahle  region,  have  com- 
pelled our  goverinneut,  unprompted  except  liy  wise 
t'nresi^ht,  to  insist  upon  a  reform  in  the  policy  ami 
licarinu'  of  the  Japanese  towards  the  rest  of  the  worM. 
The  single  fict.  that  at  one  time  within  the  last  yi'ar 
there  were  ll'l  American  whalers  lying  in  the  harliour 
of  the  Sandwich  Islauils.  Car  away  IVom  their  cruising 
gioinids,  liccause  they  could  not  enli'r  any  harhour  lui 
the  co.ist  of  Japan  for  repairs,  shows  not  (Uily  the 
extent  of  our  counnerce  in  th.it  region,  hut  the  id  aims 
of  lunnanity  itsel!  for  ]irotection  against  the  harhariaiis 
who  thus  cut  off,  as  it  were,  the  commerce  of  tin; 
Yellow  Sea  anil  the  Sea  of  O.diotsk."  (The  Sea  of 
Japan  might  have  heen  added.) 

To  carry  out  this  notion,  Couiniodore  I'erry,  of  the 
r.S.  Navy,  east  ainh"r  in  tln^  JJay  of  Yedilo.  thecom- 
nierial  capital  of  Japan,  on  the  8th  of  July,  lS."),'i, 
anil  s|)eedily,  on  the  L':?rd  of  An.'ust,  to  his  gitat 
surprise,  found  his  jiarfy  strengthened  hy  the  appe.ir- 
ance  of  a  Itussiaii  licet  ;'  the  frigatt?  I'nihui,  ami  the 
sttMincv  Vontiivk.  the  Ai(r(ii:i,  i'^,  and  the  corvette, 
Ktiriiriiiii,  'I'l.  heiiig  sent  up  to  Kamsi'hatka,  to  he 
cdne  ill  reailincss.  if  rei|uircd,  and  a  jiowcrfid  sipiudron 
having  heen  told  oil' to  ciuise  in  the  I'aiitic. 

(,'ominii.hu-o  J'crry  succ-eeded  in  carrying  a  treaty 
liV  which  thri'e  jiorts,  Nagasaki,  Hakodaki,  ami  Sinioda 
were  thrown  open  to  trade,  a:  d  every  jxu't  on  the 
J.ipanese  coast  w.is  ippcm- 1  to  vessel  (in  distress.  The 
results  of  this  treaty,  and  a  similar  om;  eti'eeted  hy 
Admir.il  Stirling,  on  the  pari  of  laiglaud,  not  lieiiig 
entirely  satisfactory,  Lord  Elgin  proceeded  from  China 

'  '*  Tlicre  is  no  ]io\vcr  in  tiie  otluT  licniisplicre,"  suvm  tlie  iiiiT' 
rat'>r  ef  t'tmiiui>ilnri-  l*crr\'>  vny:i::c.  "to  which  tin?  possession  of 
,laiKin,  or  the  ('cinlncl  (»t"  its  nllairs,  is  sn  imiMU'tiint  a.s  it  is  to 
Kussiii.  She  is  on  one  siile  of  tin'  ishmds  (hv  the  .\inoor),  tlic 
l.'iiitcil  Istati'S  on  ill!' oihcr.  'I'hi'  I'aeilic  Oi'i'Mii  is  <li'stiiie(l  to  he 
tin'  theatre  of  iinuiciise  eonnnerei.il  nniln-t.ikinirs.  Itnssia  is, 
in  a  L'l'i'at  ilcirree,  s'mt  onl  fmin  e.isy  ace.  ss  ff>  the  .Atlantic  liy 
111  r  liK'al  )Hisiiiiin  ;  lial  » ith  sncli  li  ii-hoins  as  the  I'acifie  or  .rapaii 
'lo'ilil  j:ive  her,  slic  nii.hl  hope  to  li,  c"nu'  tlie  controllin;;  niaii- 
time  iHiwiT  of  the  woiiil.'*  We  are  in  jiosscssion  nf  verv  recent 
int'.'nnalion  I'mni  .lapan,  leinlin;;  to  show  that  the  .Japanese 
^'ovcniiniiit  (listinsi  the  jinrp.M's  of  lin-sia.  The  nioveineiits  of 
that  nation  on  the  Aieoor  \{\\,r  have  liem  vicHcil  with  nnicli 
appn  lieiision.  'J'lio  .iMpanise,  on  the  re|Kirt  of  a  special  a^'cnt 
s.  nt  for  the  purpose,  have  resolveil  to  raise  an  elliiiciit  army  nnil 
iipiip  a  n  ivy  ol  vcssils  on  the  Kuropeiin  moilel,  ami  to  open 
Japan  to  the  traile  ot  tlie  worlil. 


in  18"iS,  and  going  right  up  to  Ycddo  itself,  in  a 
manner  at  once  original  and  \inex|iected,  concluded  a 
treaty  which  granted  all  the  Kuropeaii  powers  the 
right  of  free  trade,  under  very  slight  limitations,  with 
Japan.  Ot  what  happened  in  his  voyage,  me'  a  hat 
was  seen  in  Japan,  we  intend  to  give  a  vivid  •  liiine, 
ns  likely  to  convey  to  our  readers  the  Ije.st  idea  of 
Ja]>an  as  it  is. 

ir.— r.AY  AND  HAltr.OUR  OF  NAGASAKI 

"Hvitn  a  starho.ird,  sir!"  exclaimed  the  gallant 
Slu'rard  O.sliorn's  I'alinurus.  and  as  thespoUis  of  the 
wheel  Hew  ronud,  the  shiptur  led  sharply  into  the  line 
channel  of  water,  leading  up  to  Nagi-aki.  That  city 
tiieed  us,  says  the  ea|itain,  spread  round  the  hase  of  a 
hill  at  the  farther  end  of  the  harhonr,  and  having 
immediately  in  lioiit  of  it  a  inde  collection  of  hyhrid 
ICuropean  houses,  with  a  llig  slalf  mi  theai  tilii  ial  island 
of  neeima,  where  the  Japmcse  had  held  the  |)iilclilueli 
voluntary  pri.sonerseM'r  since  the  expulsion  of  the  I'ortu- 
guese  in  llil.'t  'J'he  poor  iMitchmeii  endured  in.siilt.s, 
restraints  an  1  contumely,  rather  than  forego  certain  ad- 
vantages in  carrying  out  Japanese  cojijier  and  retailing 
it  to  Kuropeans  at  an  enoiuioiis  |  rotit.  l,oi  g  sutleriiig 
and  enduring  vendors  of  strong  l)ntch  i  hi  im.  Zealand 
Imtter  and  pleisjint  sihn.ipps,  relief  came  at  last  I  'J'he 
Japanese  Kmprior  w.is  asloiii-hid  to  find  the  1  elligerent 

powers  of  liiissia  and   lingland    playing  a  gau I  hide 

and  seek,  in  his  uiaiiy  fays  and  h.irliours.  and  wisely 
eoiichided  that  the  orthodox  old  I  aily  olMoscow,  whose 
dominions  approaihed  sii-pii  iously  close  to  Ja]ian, 
might  one  day  think  it  as  ( 'hristi.mdike  to  roh  a 
Ihiddhis:  as  a  .Muhamiiiadan  niighliniir.  He  has  very 
wi.sely  deparled  from  the  ancient  laws  of  his  realm,  and 
has  sought  for  aid  and  protection  where,  strangely 
enougli.  he  can  liiid  them,  in  the  fiieiidship  of  four  or 
live  nations  who  cordially  dislike  and  are  jealous  of 
each  other.  A  long  ford  of  hlue  water  sti etches  two 
mites  inland  hetween  sloping  hill.s.  which  s]iiiiig  from 
the  sea  with  a  Imld,  rocky  eseari.nient.  and  tlnn  roll 
gently  hack,  rising  to  an  :ilti;ude  if  a  thousand  feet  or 
so;  and  these  are  overlooked  hy  still  inoie  lofty  giants — 
every  nioiintain-side  covered  with  all  that  can  gladden 
a  landscape,  and  down  exerv  ravine  Liladsome  streams 
rushing  on  to  the  sea.  ileie  a  village,  tin  re  a  rpiaint 
li.irk  auchored  in  a  sandy  cove ;  now  an  otlicial  ahode, 
with  .1  sipiare  cut  teiraceand  upiight  fence,  so  properly 
still-starched  and  ipncr,  you  felt  sure  you  had  only  to 
knock,  and  that  oiii'  of  the  rarn.icles  of  society  would 
appear;  then,  resting  in  the  midsi  of  green  trees  and 
llowery  gardens,  were  the  prettiest  i-halits  seen  out  of 
Switxerland:  children,  with  no  clothes  at  all,  rolling  on 
the  griuss,  or  tnmhliiii;  ill  and  ent  of  the  water,  whilst 
their  respeetid  parents,  with  hut  few  h.iliiliments  to 
incommode  them,  gravely  moved  their  fans,  or  sat 
gazing  upon    the  new  Iv  arrived   vessel.s.      (  di !    it  was  a 

goodly    sight  ;   hut   thiv   weie   all    in    the   i id   to  he 

pleased:  and  had  the  sky  heiii  less  clear,  the  air  less 
hracing  and  the  cliinale  as  had  as  that  of  China,  they 
Would  assuredly  still  have  adm  red  it. 

In  former  days,  w  ch.ain  of  guard  1  mats  used  toexteiid 
across  the  gale  of  this  Japaiie.-e  paradise.  One  of  our 
men-of-war,  (luring  the  hiissian  war,  nearly  ]iaildleil 
over  them;  and  we  too.  it  had  heen  dctennined,  were 
not  to  he  stopped  hv  them.  Thi'  Japanese  officers  of 
the  present  day  are  fiir  wiser  in  their  generation  than 
tho.se  will),  when  the  frigate  of  Sir  Israel  I'ellew  forced 


II  nj^i  I 


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CHINA.   COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


181 


licr  WHY'  into  tlif  hnrlinnr  during  tlip  Kiiiuli  w;ir,  ilis 
uiiiliiiwi'lh  il  tliiMiiM'lvi'.H  iMtlirr  til  in  sMr\  Im-  i  In'  ilis'_'iMri'. 
'I'll")'   t'lillllil  .'ill   I  lie   liii.its    ri'liinvnl  .'lll'l   llliuli'  t:l>l    III   liV 

till?  sliiiro.  Oni' iillii'i'i',  iMiiic  iinxiniis  tliiiii  till' i'r>l  in 
do  Ills  iluiy,  or,  Asi:ili(3-liki',  di'siniiis  ol'  iisi'iTtiiiniiii;  to 
wliiit  li'n!{llis  III'  nii^lit  ^11,  .stiiod  ii|i  in  liis  limit  ii.t  wi' 
ninii?  iilii'i'Mst  lit' liiiii  iind  mildly  ^'I'Ntii'idiiti'd  willi  Ids 
tiiM  (till!  I'Vi'histiiiL^  I'lidili'iii  lit'  iillirii  ill  .Jii|iiin)  t'lr 
tlii'iii  to  jjri  liiii;k  iiy.iiii  !  'I'lii'V  would  t'liiti  nut  liiivi' 
si'i'ii  it.  lint  of  I'liiii'si'  till'  iiMii'ioiis  .si^ii;i|iiiiiii  im 
nirdiiitrly  ii'|iurli'd  tliiit  lliiii' \v:is  a  .Iii|iuiii'.si'  ntliii'i' 
wavin;;.  A  s|iy  lil.iss  was  lii'iiin;lit  Nli'adily  to  liiaf  on 
liiiii  ;  till'  wi'i'lrli  w.i.s  aliiiiit  lil'i  V  y.'ii'ils  nil';  tin- artinn 
iiftlii'  fill  lii'r.inii'  at  oiii'i'  |i's>i  vi  ■li'iit,  thru  iri'i'^iilai, 
.'is  if  (111!  wavrr  of  till'  fill  was  in  a  di'rlini',  tlii'ii  ii 
s|iasiiioilii'  ji'i-k :  till!  ;^lass  was  ki'|it  sti'addy  on  tlii' 
wi'i'trli  (wi'  frai'i'd  li'st  llii'  .Vniliassadiii' sll'iilld  m'i!  liiiii 
and  tlirii  ri'V  lialt  1) — -thi'l'i'  was  a  |iailsi',  annllirr 
llntti'i' — liiiri'ali!  Ili'|iiit  iijiliis  fin,  and  I'l'tli'id  iiiidir 
Ills   awiiini;,    liiatin.      Hi'    liad  only   tn   |ii'i'f<ii'iii    liiil 

kari    or    ilisi'iiilinwi'lini'iit,    and    tliry    niiitlit     |iini |, 

1,'iviMj,'  till!  iilliriuiis  si;;naliii.in  nrdi'i-s  ii'it  to  iiiakr  nun 
Miisiral  rrjiorts  of  I'xi'iy  .(a)iani'si.'  wlio  i'Iiom'  tu  fm 
liinisi'lf ! 

;\.s  till,'  .silvor  dawn  sprnids  ovrr  thi'  1  iml  and  wator, 
ill  it  iovi'ly  mount  I  in,  Kiisi  yania,  tlic  typi'  of  tln'  In 'an- 
il fill  to  tlu!  wliiilr  .1  i|iaiii'si'  nation,  is  >i'i'n  sli'|i]iiii;,' 
liki,'  (I  coy  niaidi'ii  fro  n  lirr  vi'il  and  lirr  mlii's  nf  i-lmiil 
to  ifane  iijion  all  tlii!  lnvi'liin'ss  s|iri'ad  at  lii'r  fci'l.  TIh! 
si'i'iii-  lasts  lint  a  fi'W  niinnli's. — wiiiild  it  cmild  lia\i' 
Iri'ii  fur  cvi'r  ;   Imt  tin?   ludd  sun  li'a|is    u|iiin  lln'  cri'sts 

■  if  till'  I'asti'i'n  hills,  and  Kiisi  yania  ri'tiii'i  MnshiiiL,' 
fl'iiii  his  tii'ivi'  iii^y.i'  'I'lii:  li.iy  and  lirarh  .irr  i|iiii'kly 
.ilivi.'  with  moviiii,'  lii'iiii;^,  hnndfi'ds  of  fishing'  Im.its 
skim  the  water.  |ii'(>ssin^'  in  with  the  last,  of  tin'  iiii;lit 
liri'i'zi'  to  .si'iMiru  an  rarlv  niarkrl.  'I'hr  nninlicr  of 
full  i,'rown  iiit'ii  ill  I'a'li  h  lat  alli'sts  the  redniidani'V  nf 
till'  |Mi|mlaticiii.  Simit  ailili'tie  fell.iw.s  tlu-y  are, 
s  ii'poth-skinne'l.  lirmiZ'  en  cnin'd.  aiel  heardless  ;  lint 
their  larjie  nniselesanddi'e|i  elie>tsiiite  .t  the  |ii'rfeetinii 
"I  their /'A'/.ff'/"''  'I'liey  hmk  at  the  KiiLdish  withuiit 
le.ir  or  distriisi,  and  .is  they  lieml  mi  their  oars  shont 
.lilt  sniiie  joke  or  salnl.'ition.  The  moriiin;^  hreeze  is 
I'old  and  ilanip,  the  snii  has  not  ilis|ii'lli'd  tlii!  low  thin 
mist  erei'iiint;  aloiij^  the  surfaee  of  the  liiy  I'l'oiu  the 
linvlands  to  the  north,  and  they  are  weiiiiii;;  lilne 
I'lolliin^f  with  eomfnrt,  yet  all  the  lioatiiien  .'ire  naked, 
uitlithe  exeeptioii  of  a  small  lilne  waist  elotli,  and 
aiintlier  strip  of  materi.il  lied  ti;,dit  oxer  their  Ijose  ! 
Why  do  the  .liip.'iiiese.  iisks  ( 'aptaiii  Slierard  Oslioiii, 
tie  lip  their  noses  (  We  h.ive  ntten  asked,  for  one 
e.iniiot  lint  l)i'lii'\(!  that  there  is  simoff  lod  reason  wliv 
I  naked  man  shoiil'l  Milnntarily  lush  up  his  nose.  Can 
.1  .)a|ianesi.'  nose  lie  a  fractions  feature  (  oris  it  that 
noses  ri'i|iiii'e  t'l  lie  m  n  h  taken  eare  ot"  in  Japan  '  or 
may  it  not  lie  that  there  is  siiiiie  seeurity  in  this  pie- 
'iiltlon     against   iiilialiiij,'    malaria  f       We    le.ive     the 

■  |ueslion  to  he  deeided  liy  fiiliire  visitors,  and  i  niilent 
ourselves  with  the  entry  in  our  journal  :  I  «•//», —  In 
^'eddo,  it  is  the  eiistoin  atloat  to  tie  np  the  i;om'.  and 
wear  Imt  few  g.irmeiits.  They  haviiii;  lireakfastej, 
|iroei,'('ili'd  to  the  landiiig-plaee.  It  is  low  water. — 
shoals  of  lioats  and  j^reat  nninliers  of  men  are  at  work 
111  the  shallow.s.  .Many  are  ladiiiL;  their  iinals  with 
I'oikle-sliell.s,  serapeil  np  from  the  l.ind,  to  Imrn  into 
exei'Uent  lime;  nthers  are  dredi.dni,'  for  shellfish. 
Some  are  liauliii';  the  seine.  Here  their  olisijrvations 
are  intornipted    hy  a  spy-lioat   pnlliny  alongside,  and 


the  odleer  i Ily  rivpiestlni,'.    liy  sicrns.  n  seal    in   our 

lioat.      They  are  frank    with  him,  and   reromnieiiil  him 

to  gii  to  the .       I  le  smiles,  sliovis  nil'  and  make.-  a 

Hole  of  the  lirief  interi'liani,'!'  of  eivilily.  Parties  ol 
I'l'^pcetilile  eitizelis,  oily  sleek  men,  of  a  well  to  do 
appraraliee,  are  I'liiliarki'd  for  ii  day's  jileaslire  on  the 
«alei' ;   their  ehildreii  are  wiih  thein,  and  every  nreliin 

has  a    (ishim;  Ii iMrlioiHij       They    thoiighf    of  J\1r. 

liiijjirs— /'///)!•/, ',v  Mr.  Iiii^'_'^.  lit  liaiiisgiite.  hi 
another  lioat,  a  lady  is  se.it ed  "itli  Ihi'  eliildreii  ;  her 
die^s  hetokeiis  that  she  is  nf  liltir  oiili'r,  her  family 
ale  laiiyhing  and  fryiiii,' In  enok  al  a  iir.izii  r  whiili 
stands  in  the  eeiitl'e  of  the  hoat,  W  Idle  she  sits  iiliiilt,  ill 
I  he  most  matronly  iiianner,  iind  points  out  In  mie  ot 
lll'l' daii'.ditei's  what  she  deems  most  worlhy  of  liotiee  in 
the  I'ainlish,  their  Imat,  and  Imat's  erew  The  yniing 
l.'I'ly,  they  Were  glad  to  nliserve,  willinllt  heilig  lllilady 
like,  showed  none  nf  that  sllspieiolls  fear  of  the  gelills 
iii.in  so  general  in  the  e.MessiM'ly  modest  Kiist,  and 
wliiill   lii'lnkelied    I'M'li    II    liettel'    slate    nf   sneiiil  i'i\  ill 

s:ition  than  they  had  I n    led  lo  e.xpei i    l.y  what   tlii'N 

wiiiiessi'd  at  N'aeas.iki  ;  mi  they  let  the  lioal  drift  |o 
enjoy  all  this.  and.  as  a  naliiral  eonMipieiiee,  drift  on 
shore  elnsi'  In  ihe  town.  The  poliie  or  s|iy  liniit  iliiine- 
diately  works  ii>elf  iiiln  a  fi\ei',  and  I  he  nlliier  is  most 
anxiniis  they  slmuld  know  ulieie  the  deep  water 
leading  to  their  hmding  ]ii.iee  emilil  lie  fnniiil.  To  add 
to  ihi.  fun.  all  the  little  Imys  and  girls  nf  the  adjnining 

hoil.ses    till' It     aiid     enliie     seaiiiperilig    ilnwn.       The 

poliic  ollieer  is  ill  an  awful  slate  ;  he  urges  llnni  lunk. 
wa\es  his  fin,  expnstnlales  with  llieiii  ;  l.iil  it  is  all 
eipially  useless,  So  Iniii;  as  niii  lioat  remains  nil  llie 
sand,  so  long  does  yniing  .lapaii  11  main  stai  iiig  into  her 

Tl I'owil  did  not,  as   an  I'aiglish    nmli   nf  Imys  wnidd 

have  ilniie.  pelt  and  elialf  the  ollieer.  and  they  tliiTefnie 
had  reason  to  pr.ii.se  their  eivilily  .\t'iir  a  while, 
they  lioat  the  lioat  and  |irnei'eil.  The  eiitnniees  In 
sevi'ial  eaiials  are  passi'd. —  they  mim'.  at  high  tide.  In 
tiii'ilit.ite  the  I'niiilniinie.'ilion  liet  wi  en  leiiiote  parts  it 
till'  I'iiy  and  ih.'  sea.  Now  they  ai'r  linihiug  l>ul  liugi' 
severs. 

'I'lie  laiiiling  plaee  reai'lied.  they  S"e  tin-  nllieer  who 
isihaiged  with  ilirir  eoiivoy  to  I  he  emliassy  ;  he  looks 
like  a  inaii  who  has  miieli  respoiisiliility.  and  gives  a 
great  nuiiil  er  of  orders  of  liiirgi"-.  so  thai  they  may 
land  with  faiiliiy.  'I  he  horses  arc  wninlerliilly  gnl  up 
erealnies  ;  there  is  sninelliini,'  tiuly  iiiediieval  in  their 
trappings.  Iiarriug  the  straw-shoes  wrajiped  iniind  the 
linnfs,  wliieli  sp.iiled  the  pneny  of  their  stei  lis  ;  other- 
wise ihe  heal  stalls,  hits,  saddle  elollis.  niaililigales, 
I'l'iippers.  and  siiriiips  might  lia\e  lieeii  Used  hy  the 
l)isinlieriied  Knight  in  the  tilt-yard  of  Froiil-ile-IIiiiifs 
eastle.  l'"or  the  horses,  they  eaniiol  say  as  iiiurh  ;  lull 
they  ai'e  good-ti'inpered,  steady  little  steeds.  And  .so — 
to  horse  !  The  street  leading  troiii  the  landing  plaee  is 
as  wiile  as  Itegeiit  street,  and  liiniinates  alioiil  tliree- 
(|iiai'ti'rs  of  a  niile   otf,  al  thr  iiilr.iiiee    ot    a    liaiid.sniiie 

leiup'e,  \vl '  green  teiraees,  dot  lid  with  .-eals  and  ennl 

.ileoM's.  lo.ik  most  I'efreshing.  'J'liey  tnrn,  however 
alii'uptlv  up  a  street  parallel  to  the  water.  It  is 
lil'oa'l  and  eleiiii  ;  nil  either  hand  ale  eolililiuous  row  ^ 
of  shops,  and  at  slinrt  iiilerxals  of  llii'ie  liuinli'ed  yards 
a  Wooden  li.irrier  runs  athwart  the  stnil.  appareiilly 
lolistriiete  I  for  purpoM's  of  pnliie.  Simps  nf  a  trade 
.seem  to  run  Ingi'th.  r  ;  here  we  have  e.ilaliles  in  any 
quantity,  then  li.i-.ket  and  w  ieker- work  nf  all  Japan, 
now,  ('.irtlieiiware.  -then,  ironware.  Ami  tiieii.  '.vliat 
a  crowd  !      They  h.ive  oii!y  run    together   as  they  Jiass, 


31  i 


t 

V 


!      t 


il.'l: 


II 

h 


iRa 


ALL    ROUND  THK   WORLD. 


Vt'l   Vein    liiinlit    Wiilk    oil    tliiil     Ik ml^..       'I'lirv    ll.-rcl    tci  ! 
think  tijr  Cliiiii'si'   slowi'il   cImmIv  'ii   tlicir  linii^is,  Ijiit 

tlll'HI'  illll    IIII'M'  IIHSliri'lllv    lil'llt    lliciii    ill    lllilt,   Mini,   Ullilt 

JM  fill'  lirltcr,  tllc'\  (III  it  with  rlciilililn^-,  wliiih  the 
fol'IIIlT     ('l>l't<lillly     ilii     lint.  K\  I'I'N  lioily       lonks      Wl'll 

Hii.<lii'i|,  riiiili'iili'il,  ami  iiniiv  ;  ymi  (In  imt  meet  ii 
Miii){l('   eriisd   sullen     Iddk.        ill    the    diMirwiiys   dt'    the 

lidiiHeM  WdiiKMi    iiIkiiiikI.      'I'liev    liiive    xiii eiled,    (!oil 

t'(ir;;ivt'  them  !  in  miikini;  tin  iiim'Im's  ii.s  u;;ly  ii.s  hIii  : 
vet  tliev  have  ydnd  eyes.  ;,'lds>y  liiiir,  ami  a  Mieriy  hmk.  ' 
tlenerdllM  cfeiillltes  ;  we  lilni  lliey  are  uidstlv  manied 
Wdineii,  wild  have  Micliliced  llieir  teetii  and  eyeliidWs 
to  insure  liieir  |ii>(ir  husliaiids  aL,'aiiisl  the  paii^s  nt' 
Ji.'aldiijiy.  '{'lie  Wdinen  have  e\  idciilly  aluiinlaMl  iilierly 
here,  and  it  is  strange  linw  indelicate  the  mass  dl' 
|ied|ik'  are.  'I'he  |idlice  nlliirr  is  ludkin^;  dut  must 
keenly  t'di'  any  |iictures  that  mii;lit  he  ex|i.ise(l  in  tlie 
sli(i|is  dU'riisive  to  their  \isil(ir'.s  sense  df  |irdiirii'ty,  and 
they  (lisa|i|ieir  like  niaiiic  at  his  a|i|irdaeli  ;  still  he  sees 
iidt  ail,  and  they  are  startled  Ky  liijures  ami  liiddels  dt' 
llie  vilest  (leseri|iliiiii,  s\\  iiiLTinj;  iilinut  nniidliced 
aiiidiiust  men.  Wdinen,  and  children,  who  seemed  iin 
cdiiseidus  dt',  or  iiidiU'erent  td,  the  shameless  exliihitidii. 
They  (111  lint  see  ii  liei,'<iar,  and  the  street  is  admi- 
lalily  clean.  Sniiie  res|iectalily  dressed  Ihiddhist  |iriesls 
.'ii'e  ehintiiiju'  a  hymn,  in  imt  unmu.sical  eadenee,  at  tlu> 
eld.'-.ed  dd(ir  iit'  a  hdllse, — they  still  Cdntinue  t(i  dii  so 
until  the  heart  of  tlie  iir(i]irietiir  is  snltened,  <ir  his 
patience  ttniic,  then  tlie  (hmr  will  npeii,  and  lie  will  tee 
them  civilly.  'I'lieir  cdiiductnr  miw  turns  sliarp  dnwii 
a  street,  at  the  end  nt'  w  hicli  is  a  sturdy  Imikiiii;  i;alc  ; 
lliey  are  at  the  portal  of  i  he  cnclcisiire  within  which  the 
Mritisli  Kmlias.sy  dwells.    It  dpciis,  .iml.  as  tliev  prdcecd, 

a  urandpr ssidH  is  .ipprdachini,' llieiii  Irnni  thctciiiple 

at  the  end  nt' the  Idad,  and  tlKylind  his  K.\cellciiiy 
and  suite  are  just  starting;  I'nr  tlnii  lirst  visit  td  the 
I'rince,  wild  is  said  tn  direct  the  l'drcii,'n  atliiirs  nt' 
.lap.in.  Jli.s  Inrdship  haviiii;  liinuuht  with  him  a  veiy 
i.'dr!,'i  (lus  chair,  w  hii  h  lliusc  Ic.iriicd  in  t  'liincsc  eli(piclte 
had  do'lared  to  he  nt'  the  pinper  (lllllellsinns  and  i  nlnlir 
Inr  a  st.itesuian  nt' his  rank,  was  aide  tn  i;ii  aiid\isit 
I  he  I'rinee  in  comparative  cnmt'nrt  ;  liiit  all  tlie  rest  df 
the  party,  naval  and  dipldiiialic,  were  packed  in  siicill 
w  icker-wnrk  palan(|iiiiis  used  in  the  cnuiilry.  'I'n  pcnjile 
acciistniiied  tn  sit  on  their  li.ims,  instead  nt  chairs, 
tiavelliiii;  in  sticli  Cdnveyam cs  iiiii,dit  he  siuiple  eiidUjjh  ; 
hut  with  dur  hiu  honed.  Kiji  jdinted  cdiintrynien.  ddiie 
lip  ill  cdckcil  hats,  i.'ilded  Cdats,  and  huij;  swdrds,  the 
teat  was  a  wniidcrl'ul  nne,  and  a  siylit  M't  easily  tn  ho 
I'dl^'nttcn, 

Mr.    t>'ipliaiit  thus  depicts   his   iinpressidiis  nii    first 
\  isitini;  the  .lapaiiese  tdun  nf  Nai;a.-aki  or  Nanga.saki  ; 
A   tlij;lit  nt   steps  a.sceiids  the   ciii''>ankiiient,  at  the  top 
ot'    which    is   in  tact   .-i     sort    of  raised    parterre,   is   of 
coiisideralile  width,  and  ;i    Ino.id    street   runs   alotiL'  its 
,v  hole  len^^th.      t.,'rd.ssini;   tin-,    is   reached    the   head   of 
the  fliijht  (if   steji.s    that  (Icscend    intn   the  tnwti.      'I'he 
\iewis   peculiai'lv   strikiiiL,'.    especially  tn   the  straiii;er 
who  has  just  air'ved  t'rnni  China       Instead  nfaii  iiidc 
liiiite    (diiircrics    (if   hnuses     hiiilt     apjiareiitly    nn    no 
sctlhd    plan.    ,ind  .sd   chise    tdi.'etlier   that    the    streets 
which  divide  tlie.M   are  cninpletcly  cniicealcd,  they  saw 
hefnre  them   a    wide   sjiacinus  street,    aliout    t\   mile   ill  ; 
Iriiiitli,  llaiiked  hy  licit  hoii.ses.  jiciierally  of  twii  stories, 
with  tiled  or  wi.ndcn  roofs,  and  hroad  eaves  projecting 
(■■.er  the  lower  stmy.      A  jmre  ran  down  the  centre  of  j 
the    street,    oil    each    side  of    which    it    was   carefully  , 
irravoUed  to  ihe  v'utters.      No  wheeled  vehicle  or  heast  ' 


of  liurdcii  wiiH,  however,  viMJlile  ;  hut  in  ilelii 
plcntitul  Nprinkliiig  ( if  font  pas.sen^'ers  gaxc  it  an  air  ot 
lit'(  and  aniinalinii.  It  tei  niinateil  in  the  distance  in  ii 
lli;{lit  nt  steps,  which  sonli  (lisappcai((l  iiMlid  the  lolill){U 
(it  the  lull  side,  crowned  with  a  temple  or  tea  house,  or 
Kleaniiiii.'  with  the  v\liit,i  washed  walls  ol  some  lire- 
proof  store  house. 

As  they  traversed    its  entire   length,  no   fniil  odours 

assailed    their    nostrils,    ,ir   hideous   eiiliii us   olijects 

otleiided  t heir  i  yesiglil,  asat  'I'ien  (sin  ;  nor  did  incon- 
venient walls  or  eiivKMis  shiittci's  dehar  them  from 
ilispeetiiif.',  as  they  |'iissed  iiloiig,  the  Intel  mil  eeoliomy 
of  the  shops  and  dwilliiipi  on  each  side.  I.ieht 
wdoden  sen  ens.  neallv  papi  red,  and  riiniiing  on  slides, 
Were,  tor  tlie  most  |iai I,  pusla d  haik  in  the  daytime, 
iml  the  passer  looks  through  the  house  to  where  the 
Win  iiig  .slirnlisdf  a  cool  lookinj;  hack  jjardeii  invite  him 
tn  1  Nteiid  his  invest ij;al ions.  |iitwe(n  the  ohserver 
and  this  retreat  there  are  jiroliahly  one  or  twd  rooms, 
rais((l  aliniit  twn  fet  t  Irniii  the  ^muiid,  ami  upon  the 
scrupulously  clean  and  well  wadihd  matting,  which  is 
stretched  tipon  the  Wdodeii  Moor,  .semi nude  men  and 
wdineii  roil  and  lounge,  and  their  allogelli(r  nude 
pldgeiiy  crawl  and  fca.'t  theiii.selvcs  Inxniiously  at 
evir  present  fountains  The  WoliU'li  selihuii  wear  any- 
thing almve  their  waists,  tli)<  men  only  a  i-icanty  loin- 
cloth. In  the  midday,  during  the  summer,  u  general 
air  of  languor  ]ierva(les  tlie  e<inimunity  ;  iihout  miiiscI, 
the  wi  rhl  hegins  to  wash,  and  the  ilalalie.se  youth,  like 
eojiper  (  nloiin  (I  Cupids,  riot  siniiiltam  oiisly. 

Th(  sho]is  do  not  gcuendly  contain  tin  se  articles  in 
lacker  and  china  ware  for  whiih  .lii]iaii  is  so  justly 
celehrated.  To  ohtaiu  th(  ni  a  visit  must  he  made  to 
the  I'litch  or  liussiaii  lia/aais;  hut  interest  is  kept 
alive  hy  the  Miried  ]  mdiutiniis  of  native  iiianufacturc 
cNliihited  in  the  simps,  which  aic  as  op(  n  to  the  street 
as  stalls  at    a  taiicy  lair,   and    w'  contain    all   those 

iii'ticlcs  which  are  in  coiiin  on  I  ani(>ng  the  jk  opie. 

Vmhiclla.  tall,  and    shoe  shop  led;   Im/aars  for 

toys  and  glasis  (UiiaiiK  lits  aricsim  ilieiii  for  a  liiomeiit  ; 
liiit  time  was  precious,  and  lliey  could  not  do  more 
than  glance  enrsorily  at  tiie  novelties  displayed,  and 
vainly  endeavour  to  eoiiipn  lieiid  the  oliject  of  various 
]irncesses  and  liianuliictiircs  ■which  were  heiiig  indus- 
triously carried  on,  luit  the  result  of  which,  in  default 
of  an  iiiterpieter,  niiiaim  (i  a  mystery.  Iiah  i  d,  txcejit 
tidiii  the  |int(h  geiith  men  at  I '(liiiia.  they  found  it 
dillicult.  during  their  short  stay  at  Naga.-aki.  to  ohtaiu 
any  iiilia'iiiation,  as  (  nly  one  .lapaiuM'  had  jiiikdl  ii|i  a 
very  fi  w  Wdids  ot  luigllsli.  All  the  iiitei  jreters  sjoke 
hutch. —  a  language  of  wliicli  their  knowledge  was 
extremely  limited,  nor  was  it  s|  okeii  hy  any  of  their 
jiarty.  'I'heir  ranilias  tliKUgh  Naga^aki,  therefore, 
though  ill  the  highest  deun c  amusiiij,  and  attractive. 
]io.ssessed  the  onedrawhaik  of  le;.'\  iiig  the  curiosity  and 
interist  they  had  cxcitid  at  every  turn  unsatisliid. 
Nor  could  they  gratily  tin  iiiselves  li\  miking  |iurchases 
ot  curiosities  As  yet  they  had  not  heeii  iiitrmlnced 
to  the  government  imuuy chaiigers,  who  sat  in  .solemn 
cniiclii\e  at  the  Itiissiaii  liazaar.  and  no  consideration 
cniild  induce  the  slinpkeejicr  tn  a((('pt  the  smallest  or 
even  the  largest  Inreigii  coin.  Well  did  he  know  that 
the  eye  of  his  iieighliour  was  upon  him.  and  that  an 
otlicial  visit  the  next  morning  Would  remind  him  of  his 
olilivinii  of  that  gnat  national  institution  of  univeiviil 
espionage,  which  would  with  us  he  considered  an  iiitole- 
rahle  t\  raiiiiy,  hut  w  hich  the  .lapaiiese  iciiard  as  a  iieccs- 
.sary  ingredient  to  the  wclfaie  and  protection  of  society. 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,  AND  JAl'AN,  18S 

'I'lirv    |iiii.siii'l    tlicir     |iiii'L.'i  iniliiiiiM    t.liri>iii.'li     llic    .uiiiimtc  mikI    iuiiiiiiiiiiti',  tlmt  wi'iit  in  or  out    of  llmt 

hIii'cIm  (it' N.il;.i>  iki  imiiioliv^ic'l    iiinl  iiliiioNt    minniici'd     solitiiry  oiitlit  in  .I,i|,,iii  '      Kvc-i'v  m Isc  nn't  ii-  uilh 

livtiii'  |ii'i>|ili',  \N  Imi  iljil  lint  rrotvii  tliii  tlioriiiiijIil'.ii'i'M  II  tVii'inllr  !<iiiili',  or  a  ;;iMiil  iiiIiu'imI  link  ot'iiiiiii/i'iiiiiit, 
u  illi  liiMV,  iiiiiv  iii^  cLiiiiiiiir,  MS  in  < 'liiii:i,  Imt  Mtiolli'ij  at  I'itlii'r  oiii'  liiiliiiiit  liiiitiiis.  nur  siiiuini;  ImhiIm,  or 
I'Mri'li'Msly  lllon^'.  ;i|i|i;U'i'iitly  iilllo  (rmilili'l  willloriMI-  siiirii'  otiirr  |il|rniinii'liiiii  cxlilliilcil  in  till'  ^oi^i'oiiM 
|ialion,  witli  an  air  ol  aniialili'  I'lmirnl  iiiiiit  on  tlicir  attire  ot'  a  llrllisli  ii.iv.ii  olliiir,  'I'lir  iaiioiirini;  por- 
tratiiri'M,  anil  an  cxiiri'ssinn  of  kimllv  ijnoil  litlurr  i  tion  of  tlir  ni.ili'  |iii|inlat|iiu  ilcriilnlly  took  little 
tiiwarils  the  rnrioiis    wonilerini;  slran;;ers.        Altlmn^li  i  anximi-i  eare  of  tlieir  ralnii'Ml  — a    piece  of  eutton  elolli, 

Kieniiifer  speaks   of  unineroMs  liei{.;ars,   Mr.  ( )lipliaijt  ja  yard   |nn<{  ami  six   inelies    wide nstiinted    tlieir 

says  lie  did  lint  oliseive  any,  with  tile  exee|it  inn  of  one  ifenerai  attire  ;  and  nriiiy  of  the  eliildieii  miyhthave 
or  two  leJiijinnH  nieiiilicaiits.  A  stream  almiit  tlie  size  just  eHci.'iud  finiii  Kleii.  so  iniinietit  were  liiey  ol  aiiv 
nf  an  orilinary  eiiiial  inleiseels  the  towi>  in  a  lateral  elni|iin<{.  I.aii;{liln.;  a:id  i'oa\in<;,  they  eaiiie  nnliesi- 
'ireeiinii,  and  is  spiinned  liy  thirty  or  forty  liriil^;es,  of  i  laliniily  np  In  us,  lieiinin;;,  in  their  naliiialiy  jiretiv 
liieli  alioiil  (ifleeii  are  solidly  eniisl rileleil  of  stone,  way,  for  liiittHis,  "  t 'assi  liiillon  /''  "  I '.issl  Inilton  f" 
with  haiidsiinie  haliHtrades.  ISaleoines,  tilled  witlij  it  wan  irresisl  ilile,  and  we  jf.ne  all  we  eniild  spare; 
wniiieii  eimaned  in  ilniiieslie  a\  oeal  ions,  ovi  rhaiii;  the,  Imt  what  tlinse  litlle  nteliins  were  ;,'nini;  to  iln  with 
waler  ;  small  Imats  |ily  npnn  its  siirfaee,  and  here  and  I  laitlniis,  seeini;  they  had  neither  ra;;  nor  oiiiament 
I  here  the  ijiiaiiit  old  lint  tresses  nf  the  liridf^eM  are  partly  npnn  liiem,  was  a  jiii/v.ie  In  ns.  '{'lie  yi'nw  n  up  women 
eniiei'aled  with  ereepin;,'  plants,  ami  aernss  them  iiiiine  were  mndeslly  attind  in  dark  enlnnred  earnieiil-..  their 
inns  passi.'ni;ers  pii'-s  and  repass.  It  is  iiiterestini{  In  lieaiilifiil  liair  neatly  dressed,  mid,  liiil  that  then  nails 
stand  on  one  of  these  and  watch  the  Inimoiirs  of  the  I  were  dyed,  ihere  was  a  ;,'ciicr,d  ii|i|icar.iiici'  of  l.ciinly 
'ilaee,  while  wo  onjoy  the  ]iietui'esipie  view  which  it  .iliniit  them,  coniliincil  with  nimli  ;,'racc  in  the  lijjnrcs 
'"'••••■'"  of  the  youni.'cr  oiie.s. 

The  .Japanese   oHicials    and    ;;cntry    arc     \eiy    «cll 
ilresM'd,    and    in    their  atlire    di-.|il.iMil     cniisidi  i,il,|i; 

liandyisin,    a irdiiii;   to   their   own    la-lii.ih,        j'.ul    in 

their  dress,  as  Well    as    in    their   hoii.ses.   in    .Japan,   we 


affords. 

Xaj,'asaki  contain.s  upwards  of  eiLfhty  streets  crossing 
eiuli  other  at  rii^ht  aiifjlcs,  iind  fiom  threivipiarters  of 
u  mile  to  a  mile  in  leiieth.    Its  population  is  estimated 

at  alinUt  (111,01111  ;  hut  i>  presents  a  liir  more  imposing;  luin  mess,  as  »cii  as  m  men  noiisis.  IN  .lajiaii.  wi 
appe.iraiiee,  and  covers  a  much  j;realer  area  of  i,'rnuiid  j  liol  iced  the  pri'V.ileiice  of  snmlire  colniirs.  and  the 
than  a  ( 'liinese  city  ol  the  same  dimcnsiniis.  Its  niil- I  alisein  c  of  that  vul;,'.ir  colniirin';  and  liiiMlwork  so 
skirts  run  np  into  the  secluded  \  alleys  fnrmed  hy  I  lie  cniiiinnii  in  China.  Here  the  oiii  donr  dn  ss  of  ihe 
surrouiidiiii^  hills,  the  spin's  of  which  descend  into  ilie  ,  ladies,  and  that  of  the  |ioiir  ;;irls  ai  the  lea  ;,'aiiiehs, 
tow  n,  .so  that  almost  every  street  terminates  in  ii  lli^jlit  ,  and  the  wives  of  I  he  l  iadc>|icn|i|c.  aie  !)nic  I  in  co!niir, 
of  sloue  .-leiis,  anil,  indeed,  some  of  tliciu  which  llicy  Imwevcr  lino  the  texture  iiiiL,'ht  he;  and  aiuniii,'.^!  the 
visited  aflciwards,  cliniii  llic  hill  sides,  the  liniises  liciiij;  niljcjal  dresses  of  the  olliceis,  Mick,  dark  Idue,  ;<iid 
linilt  one  aliove  ll ther,  ;is  at  .Malta.  i  Mack  and  while   patterns,  were    nrnvt   jrineral.      'I'Ik  ir 

A  .Fapanesi^  house  consists  of  a  i^rolllld-lloor  and  tn|i  hmiM'S  and  tcm|iles  are  like\\i.--e  jmiiilcd  less  eaiiililv 
story.  The  I'mnt  and  Irak  of  the  hasement  can  he  lli  iii  elscu  lere  in  the  Kasi,  ami  tlicie  is  far  less  ^jildini; 
removed  at  pleasure,  lea\  iiiLT  it  (piite  open.  tliroiii,di  the  almiit  them.  This  |icciiliai  ily  in  .l.i|i:incse  taste  was 
premi.ses,  for  air  and  liuhl,  except  wIu'I-c^  the  posts  [  oini  of  the  lirsl  im|irc.-.siniis  rccurd  nu  nur  visit  ini; 
support  inj^  the  lirsl  llnnr  iiilcrvcm^  Usually  the  frnnt  j  .lapan,  and,  like  many  first  iiiipii's-iniis,  junMil  In  l,e 
p.inels  only  ari'  reuioMMl  during    the  daylinie,  and   the  '  correct. 

hack  panels,  t'nnui'd   of  ii   li;;lil,  i,'racelul.  wnml    frame-  W'nni.iii  Imlds  in  .Japan  a  liii^li  sncial    posilinu       She 

woik,  eovereil  with  Iraiisliiceiit  paper,  are  left  to  screen  is  not  cnn|icil  np  in  |icslifci'ous  aparliueiils  to  delijjhi 
I  he  eonkinjf  deparlnicnts  and  hack  premises.  The  snme  fatlened  up  ( 'hine.si'  mandarin,  or  f;rea>v  llrah 
Moor  of  the  liasemcnt  is  raised  almiit  three 'eet,  almve  niiii,  hut  enni  nliules  not  a  lillle  to  the  charms  ot 
the  level  of  the  ground,  and  is  ne.itly  Imardcd,  and  man's  life  ;  she  has  .succeeded  in  as.-ciiiin;  her  rii.'lit  to 
then  laid  over  with  ii  series  of  slnlfed  urass  mats,  on  he  trealed  like  a  ralmiial  licim,',  (jiiile  as  \scll  :,lih'  tn 
uliicli  the  inmates  walk,  sit,  feed,  ami  sleep.  If  it  is  lake  care  of  herself  as  the  sterner  sex.  Their  fncilnm 
a  shoj).  Ihe  arranj,'eiiients  are  still  the  same,  except  i,'iaiilcd,  it  is  true,  tins  fiir  ilamscis — nav,  and  t\m 
that  the  lin.xes  or  drawers  containing;  the  i^oods  arc  malrnns — have  in  some  re>pects  " jiiinp' il  o\cf  the 
arranged  on  shelves  on  cither  sides,  ami  the  nicrchaiit  ;  traces."  Then,  with  a  liiiilily  commcmlahlc  likiiii;  to 
and  purclia.sers  ill  their  .<()c/n  —  fnr  all  -hoes  and  hoots  i  sci-ii,  ulniis  elcaiilin 'Ss,  thi'y  somewhat  depart  trniii 
are  earofully  put  oil'  on  these  mats  -  sit  on  the  llnor  to  W'eslei  n  not  inns  of  prn|iiicty  ;is  to  the  time  and  place 
discuss  jirices  and  (pialities.  The  fctniy  overhead  serves  for  their  aliluliniis.  Net,  after  all.  tlint  is  a  men! 
.•IS  a  ])lace  of  alio'le  for  tlitar  wives  und  families,  ami  m.itlerof  tastt^.  A  tuU  of  water  in  the  open  air,  in  a 
llioso  wo  visited  ar,'   in  lieifjht,  and  ventilation,  .'ind     h.iliuy  climate,   is,  all   vill   all.iw,   very   ihlicions,  and 

cleanliness,  vastly  snporior  to  tliu  majority  of  upstairs     the  ladies   of  Na'.;aNMki  s  iw   no   e I  rc.isnii  tn  fnrcj,'o 

rooms  in  the  Kast.  their  pleasniahle  hitli    hecansc!    there    lia|i|iined    to    he 

J'hei-o  was  hardly  a  linnse  in  Naga.saki  that  li.el  an  iiiisi  liciled  intlux  of  h.iiryf  iced  straiii,'ers,  at  a 
not  .somo  sort  of  i,':irden  attached  to  it,  and  all  were  scasnii  of  the  year  when  liaihiin;  was  more  th.-in  ever 
well  and  t.aslefiilly  kept  ;  hut  the  most  .slrikiiii.'  ihiin;  ncce.s.sary.  Their  own  couiiliyiii"n  did  not  slop  iiinl 
in  this  city  (and  it  was  jicncrally  oli.scrved  liy  all  of  ns  stare,  hut  went  and  did  like«  i~e.  I,el  fnliire  Kiiropeaii 
in  Japan)  was  that  every  man,  woman,  and  child  residents  resist  t!ie  temptatinn  to  adopt  thi!  nl  j'nsro 
looked  happy  and  coiileiitcd  !  There  was  an  exceplion  j  liahits  of  the!  people;  mcantinie  li't  us  hear  in  mind 
to  the  rule — a  nnnihcr  of  uiiloflunate  snlcmnilies  who  our  [iinA  old  ninlto,  "  llniii  .suit  ipii  mal  y  pi'ii^c." 
were   in   iliais;o  of  the   j;.itcway  h'adiiii;  froiu  J>ciima  The  arianixcniciit  and  width  of  its  strcelM  is  f:imilar 

to  Xaga.saki  ;  and  they  were  evidently  hored  to  dcit  h.  j  to  those  of  Simnd.i  and  llakod.idi.  the  arcliitectnro 
I'oor  surihes  !   they  had  to  keep  notes  of  everything,  |  on  the  whole  superior  :   verandahs  invariaUly  sheltered 


I 


■;r  5 


\l  ■ 


'''■  i 


f  i 


It' 
i; 
II 

11: 


tf  'f     * 


M. 


In,     > 


J" 


m 


U4 


ALL   ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


till'  liiiii^r^.  mill   riiili    -.tiioil    ill    Its    own    i;aiilili,  \vl\i<>li  I  ofs-riiis;  tlic   l>iiti'li  li:i^iiMr.       Prossirii;  tl.c    iiii,:i(    >.iiiifi 

was,  williout  CM'cpliiHi.  lai.l  (■111   willi  tirli>l  h- jiulijiiii'iil  Mpiiliitrs    llic    lliclniv    lium    !'■,•    tnw  n    jiikI    lii;ilirs  iiii 

mid   ta.stct'iil    iu':itiic-ss.      'I'dcy    wrii'  all   arr:i^ii:r.l    ainl  IsImikI    hI'   it,  tlicy  |im~si'.|    lliiiiiii;li  (lie   f,Mli'\vav,  iiiiclrr 

riiltivati'd  nil  the  landsiapi'  priiii'i|li' ;  rKi'Usainl  liviis.  wlii.li,  in   a    saiiiliiiii   nt'  tluii-  lavii,  sat    tliirc  or  Id  ir 

IiIIIm    mill    valli'Vi,    tiiiliiatutv    imcmIows     and    dwait'iMl  ollir  ils,  callrd  In  llic  I  >iil('i  "  I'laiijns,"  w  Iium' Inisini'ss  it 


liMvst-triM's  I'M  rvwlicri-  iliarai'trviM'd  llicir  as|iiM't.  'I'lii' 
.lapaiKsi'  afc  i;irat  adi|'ts  at  lioili  tlic  dwailiiiij  mid 
Inn-ill;;  of  vc^'riaMi'  iirnilui'ls  of  all  kinds. 

lli'li"  and  lliiic  a|i|n'ari'd  at  tin'  donis  nt"  tin-  Iicuinon 
a  ^aily  drcssi'd  lady,  with  a  dn^nii,  nr  a  ]ii'ai'n(k,  ur  ii 
iilni'iiix    wovo   into   or   cinliroidrri'd    on    lirr   ilrrs.4    o|' 


is  to  inspoit  narrowly  i  vny  )iris(iii  scikiii;,'  ini;i('-.>i  and 
o;;ii-.s.  anil  t'viiy  artiili'  or  pai  Kiujo  wlii.ji  is  i  allied  in 
or  I'lit.  In  I'oiiiirr  tinis,  tli'M'  jinilois  were  in  a  iiiosi 
ri's|ioiisilil('  |iosilion.  and  tliiir  tniii'lions  wcri^  ro^jaidid 
liy  tin' .lapaiH'M-  iioM'riinnnt  as  ot  tin- ntniosl,  impor- 
tancc  ;     now,    howi'vi'i-,    tin-    icc.nt    rclax.itions    «illi 


liiautifiil  silk  or  oxipiisiti-  I'rapi',  In'i-  liair  sit  oil'  nl't  riini'  to  t'orci^^nrrs  liavo  diiiiiiiislii'd  tin'  caiis  of 
with  Jiins  of  slold  or  polisliod  torloisi' sliell,  and  Inr  ;  ollii'i'.  aii'l  llii'so  diradi'd  rii^l-'i/ii,  .so  loii^r  tjio  iiiiyl„.ar.s 
small    tVi't   ri'sliiiu'  on   lii^lit  liijjli  .vind.ds,  just  i-cvcalid  I  of  tlie  \hitf\\  i  in/i/o./- s  .'it    Piiinia.    will    soon  cca.s!!   to 


la'iit'.'ilh  lii'r  tlowiii;;  roU',  and  lier  lips  rosy,  Iml 
ol'U'ii  rotiiji'il,  lii'r  plai'id  couiili'iiaiu't'  ]'ali"  I'lnniyli  to 
."liow  an  I'lnlianiing  sliadow  of  jiiiik,  her  eves 
lilaek  and  \vinni:!ir,  her  form  paiefiil  mid  well 
sh.'ijieil.  and  her  whole  look  so  kind,  so  gentle,  so 
pas.-ive,   mid    »o   aiiiiaMe,    that    fa.siiiialioii     was    irr 


exist,  or  dwindle  into  respeelalile  siiu'eiirisls. 

III.— KNVlJioNS  OK  N.Mi.\S.VKI. 

TlIK  environs  of  N.iL'a.s.iki   are  heaiilil'iil.      Theoilv 
it.self  nestles   ,il    the    Imso  nf  wooded    hills  of  exipiisile 


sislihle.  The  dap.iliese  women  paint  tin  ir  lips  with  a  \  form,  iis  thoiiuh  il  did  not  venture  to  profane  Willi  it^ 
eosmetie  jirepared  tVom  llie  i-iirthiiiiiim  tim-torltis  in  1  eo.irse  loinh  those  lovely  slopes  w  liieli  are  dediealed  to 
iiips  of  poreel.iin.      ^\  hen   a   sliijht   eoat    is   applied    it  ]  the  worship  of   Ihiddli  .ind  t  he  ( 'yiheriaii  (Joildess,  lor 


i.irl.s  a 


l.ri-ll 


nil    eoliiiii, 


hilt    wl 


len    It     IS   put    on  i  t 


le    111!!  siiles    ;in'    i 


lolli 


with     I  lie    most     eiiehanliiiL; 


tliiikly  a  deep  viol"!   hue   is  iihlained,  wliieli   latter  is     sites,  .iiid  every  one  of  them  is  oeeiipied  with  a  ten 
iiuii'li  prized  or  a  tea  house. 

I'd  to  onr  '..iv'h'r  In  .lapaii,  i'elii;ion   is  not    used  as  in  some  ooiiiiti 


At 


iriier  of  the  street 


iple 


as    attraeted    hy  a    I'uddhisl    temp'',  whieli  was   ap-     to    eoiueal     iinmoiality,    hut     i.iili<r    to   i;i\e    it 


o.-U'lied  liv  it  short  a.i 


line  ol  evpii 


ivin;;     lenanee  and   support.  ,si 


ih.il 


'railleiiljv  I  here    i ;  veiv 


his  eiiini'anion.s,  lie  sililitered   up  the   shady  walk,  ami     little  diireniiee  here  lulween  a  teinple  and  a  te.i  rioiis 
aseeiideil  the  steps  and  enlered  tlie  .saered  edilii  e  alone     I'oll 


and   iiiniii'li  sted 


stram,'!'  to  sav,  this  w.is  diiriiii;  the 


if  jmlilie   \viii-shi|i.  ,ind   when    ne.irly   a    hiiinlred 
Uji  devotei's  were  present.      A  lafLre   shrine,  with 


1  .lie  sllu.lleil    III    i.'lol.nils    Oe.ill 


tlfillU 


imlse.iiie  I'ardeiiiii''    the 


ipanese    exiel 


li.'ilioii  in  the  world,      liotli  are  resorted  t 
retre.ils  fn'iii  the  Inrnioil  ai 


d  out       In 

'IT    other 
o  as  aL'leealde 


a   g.lt   iinau'e  in  its  ri 
.iiid   two  hiiriiii 


f'  e.iii'lles,  nil 


d  hustle  of  Ihe  eily.      'I'lii 

two   laru'i'  uiohiilir  lamps.  ;  most    deliyhllnl   ''ill s,   tin"  (hoi.  est,  dishe-,  and   tin 

meiisely  lom;  and    thick,  ;  softest    iiinsie,   aie    juiividcd    eipi.illy   at   one   and    tin 


'I'l-elam    vases. 


hohl 


111''     other. 


al.so    iiiiinerous   i,"'ld    and 
hted  tapei-s,  and  snrroiiiidi  d  liy  a    forest    of  .'ii  tilieial  It    is  estimated    that    there    are   sixty  two    temples 


iwers.    were 


the    olijeits    that     most    riveted 


Ills  at-     (l.iru'e   anil    siii;i 


11) 


I'll     hiiiidi'ed    and    liftv    l( 


iioiises  on  the  hills  round    Na^'isaki,  al 


ollerill''  to  tl 


(•n   hoth  sides  of  this   maiiiiifu'eiit  and  richly  gilded     .lap 


inese  in  se.m 


hof 


slirine  were   two  smaller  ones,  eaeli   illiimina 


h   ilhi 


Iteil 


■I' 


llelolis  te.'l  ai 


III  extelism 


.dited 


I'     1 


■inoran  ie   \  i(  \vs.      It    is  worth   while  elimh 


iiii'   iin   111 


ci'loiired  llaiiii 
III    front   of  tl 


candles   and    ]ii'Hnmed    tapers    hiiriiiiii;    with     scin  '   el   them,  if  only  to  enjo,v  the  latter.      l>lil 


the  elleel    of  which  was  \('rv  hciiiliful.      iiinwi     st 


ill 


iseeiKl    the    deep  liill-sKle,    and    von    luiss 


le  principal 


knelt  six  shaven  headed  prie>ts.      th 


altar,  within   an   eiic 


'Iter  and 


.iir( 


tl 


ili'iluh  vein 


nil. 


le  i;atewa\s  and  up  more  massive  lliiihts 


siciaiis  shave  the  win 


ot  the   liai 


r  of  their   heads 


to  a  laiiy-like  w leii  slriielnre  perched  on  a  pidjecliii; 


iioilit,  am 


hacked  hv  t. 


erraeed  uarilelis  and  cool  sliadv 


rolled   in   erimson  silk  and  .vhiti 


1     ui 


e  er.ipe.  tin'  eeiilre  am 
cf   of  whom    en:;a::eil    himself  in    strikiiiij   a   small     i,'iis 


that    le.id    to   unilti 


s,   where    sparklini;   wah  r 
11. e   hnilding   seems  eon 
neer-shaped  hell,  while  four  I'lore  of  the  iiiimlier  I'er-     stiAicled    with    a   vi.'W   to    the    prospect    it   eomiii.inds 


.'S    f, 


roll!    till;   liill-si.le. 


I.Tined   ,1   similar   diitv    with    padd..!   drnnist  icks 


'Ihe     h. 


.|lv,    ma 


tied 


looms    are   siirronnded   with 


hollow  vi's.scls   of  1; 


iciiiiered  w 


iiioliotoiiou..  soiim 


unison,   am 


1.     Tliev  kept 


ihicl 
.il    t 


I  awoke  a  (111 


lie. '11  Verandahs,  and     rem   everv  ani^li 


fled 


ill    time,  i.lav  iinr  in     lie.mtv  iiiei 


rts    till 


liehilid   are  wooded    di 


I   scene  III 
lid 


ch.'Uiti 


1   toiiins;  (heir    prayers    to   their 


At    the  eoiu'ln.-ioii    i 


liioie  temples  and  tea  hoii.ses.      Al  the  foot  of  the  liil 


if    this    sinyiiii;    ,'ind     the  city  is    iiia|ipeil  out,  and   the  h.ick    premises  of  tin 


Irutnini'.i;;  tiny  l.eiit  their  fonheads  to  the   lliHir,  after     houses  can  he  iiis|ieelcil,  the  families  eiigai;e 


d  III  dome^ 


1  liicli  till  ',•  ro 


il  repain 


where  n  e 


to     till 


reinonv    made   iiii  ol 


smaller  shrines,     tic   ahliili 
(I 


It 


ilelii;liltiil    to    see    papa,    lliamiii: 


lieiil.iMoii    and    a     and  ail  the  eliildreii  splashing  so   harnioiiioiisly  in  ihe 
soleiiiii  rea.lmg   uf  )ir.iycrs   took    pl.iee       In  the  me.iii-       .ick    garden.       licvond    the  town    are    iiiore    lerriieeil 

aiiil  the  lieaiilifnl  winding  harhoiir  losing  ilself  in 
I'leiksaml   hays,  to  all   a|ipe.irane(' a  placid   lake; 


time  the  andiein 


\lielt  with  their  eves  directed  to  tl 


;i"iiii(l.    an 


■p.  aim.,'    the    I 


.|iiarler  of  ••in    hmir   or   nmre    had    e', 
moment  of  the  inlriidcr's  eiitraii 


irayers    in    silence, 
froii 


the     tor  tl 


l.le 


:'f.  re  I.,    riu'ht  of 


r  the  (1. 1  an  is  now  licre  Msil.li 
Meantiine   the  dinner,  which 


lias  hi 


presence  was  in  any  way  iinestioncd.      'riieii,    however,     arrived,  spre.id  out  iip..n   the 

one  of  the  acolvlcs  appr..aiheil  him  from  u  side  door,     it   oeeiipics  the   gn'at   r  poilioii   of  the  loom 


■ihred.  hi 
1  hi 


in   lii  •iplerell  howls 
It  ha 


all  a  most  iinploring 


•k  desired  !iis  ile|i,irluri 


hcv    termiiiiit'd    th.ir     lir^l    dav' 


<pl. . ration     ot      ne:i 


piicklv   iind    diligent  iy 
Iv  ilicsscd  niiiiih  lis,  who  m 


iged   \i\    IX  train    of 

it  ihellis'lves  round 


ilglLSlkl,   liV    ,1 


d  visit  to  hecima.  tor  the  pnr^iose  ,  it  and  invito  us  to  piirtake.      'Ihe  piirty  li:i  I   long  siiieo 


CHINA,  COrillN  CHINA,   AND    lAPAN. 


tiiki'ii  of)'  llirir    sli .,  ami    linw  ■  iiiilttcil   in  :i  circle  mi  ■ 

(lie  lliicir  Mild  >i;\/it\  with  ciiiiiisi  y,  ti'il  iiliiiiixcil  willi 
:il.iriii.  ill  the  ill^|il.iy  'let'cle  tiieiii.  'riieie  was  IMW 
(i-^li  thinly  sliceil,  iiml  siilleil  niiifU'r;  tlicTe  were  |irii«ii> 

pilcil  ii|i  with  II  siili^tnncc,  which   in   tiiste  ninl  :i|>| r- 

nice   veiv   imiili  rc-ieiiilileil   (iitiy  ;    there    vere    |iicl<lcil 
ci;;;s  iiikI    iiic1<    leeches,  lunl    pieces  (if  ^^ristle  lie|iili,L;iiii; 
to  :iiiiiii:ils  iiiikinnvn,  to  In    eiiteii  with  siiy ;  ami  yaiiis 
mikI    |icai^,   ami   varimis  sorts  of  IViiits  ami  vei;etaliles  I 
|ife|iaie(l.    some   of  tlieiii,  |iiilat:ilile    emmjjh ;    Init    still 
the  ex|ieiiineiit  was  ha/anloiis,  iiml  they  wei'e  relieveil  | 
at,   the  slight  ol'  a  howl  of  lice  as  a  sale  pi^iv  dn  re    '■ 
finlti  iirr,  I 

The  miiiisteiiiiir  sjiiiits  seeineil  to  (leliitht  in  |iiissiiii4 
ll|>oii  thi'iii  the  iiiisticsl  things,  a|i|iafcli(lv  Cor  the 
miiiiseiuenl  which  their  very  laces  alhnileil  them, 
rresenlly  another  lroo|i  ol  ilanisels  with  lutes  ami 
toiii  tonis  came  tri|i|iiiij;  in;  Iml  they  eliciteil  from  | 
tlii'ir  musical  instruments  the  most  iliscorilaiit  soiimls 
to  their  noil  .la|ia"ese  eais,  so  they  wire  |t;lail  to  take  , 
iefii;;e  in  the  t)aleoii\  ;  ami  hjivini;  once  more  feasteil 
their  eyes  n|ioii  tin,  failinj;  |iros|ieet,  they  ileseemleil 
from  their  iiiry  [.  >sition  to  the  streets,  now  ra|iiilly 
siil>siilin;»  into  that  early  evenin}{  stilliies,s  which  j^ives 
cviileiiee  that  the  jfood  folks  of  Naiias'iki  iloii't  allow 
either  luisiness  or  jileasure  to  steal  from  them  the  lust 
hour   of  the  niL;lit. 

Contrary  lo  that  which  ohlains  tliroiii,'hoiit  the 
Rist,  women  enjoy  in  .lapaii  a  leal  social  im|iortam'e.  . 
This  is  sntlieiiiilly  attesleil  I  .y  I  heir  her-ilitary  succesion  I 
lo  'he  throne  it  the  Mik.el'-.  The  .la|iai  •>:•  have 
only  one  leLTMiinate  wile,  .iml  ihey  ilo  not  kee|i  her 
shut  t.|ias  'ill'  < 'hinese  ami  most,  orientals  lio.  Nay, 
she  is  e.cii,  sti,ini;e  to  say,  responsilile  for  her 
hiisliami's  ilclils.  Nowhere  are  women  tiealeil  with 
f:realer  res|iecl,  or  are  more  allenlions  I  ivishi'd  iijioii 
the  sex.  The  marriages  of  the  me.it  are  atlemlcil  with 
a    |irofn.se    outla\,    ami     their    ladii's    have     tlicir   own 

hoiisehoM.        '{'he    lull  lei  lly      emlilein     of    im ^laiiey 

ill  Kiirope  -  jilays  an  iiiipo\-taiil  part  in  I  he  mairia'^c 
ceremony  in  Japan.  They  arc  appareiilly  clo-er 
eiilonioloeii'al  ohservers  tli.iii  I'.iiiopians  generally, 
ami  tlie\  have  consecrateil  the  liiiltcrlly  Ipeiau-c  II 
termiii.iti's  its  existence  "d  ins  nne   union   aiiioiiri'iise 

Two  yirls  enact  the  part,  ihe  m f  (he-  male  liutleiily, 

the  other  of  the  li  iii.ih'  Imllerlly,  a^,  all  mailiace  ceri'- 
mollies,  the  most  nnpo.laiil  part  of  which  con-ists  in 
the  hriilc  and  hriii  '^^room  drinking;  to  one  anolher  and 
ili.iii;;iii;;  cups.  T'lis  eslahlishes  a  pi'iinamiit  en;,'aL,'e 
nieiit  in  Japan,  and  our  iiierehoits  and  skippers  must 
lieware  of  exehani;iiiK  ;;lasses  viih  the  pielly  miids 
who  (hitter  in  (lit!  tea  ;;arih'n-i.  'I'lieir  ediicadoii  is 
carefully  a((endiMl  to,  their  iii.iiiiicrs  are  :i(  once  en 
(.{a^'iiij;  and  iioMe.  Marrieil  ladies  visit  their  rel.itives 
once  II  ye.ir  with  e.xtraorilin.iry  pomp  and  solemnity. 
They  are  aei-ompanied  hy  niimeroiis  maids  o('  honour, 
who  wear  red  ilresses  vviti  u'reen  rihands,  oi  j,'reeii 
dre.s.ses  wilh  red  riliaiids,  aeeoi  mijr  til  (heir  rank. 

Jap.inese  ladies  read  a  ".'i' a(  (leal.     They  have  ni.iny 
story  liiioks  and   romance  .\  inoin;  the   latter    -of  a 

.somewhat  hisloiicd  iliaracter  -  (he  MisfortMies  of 
Nisiono  Ki.saki,  tln^  wife  of  a  Mik,ido  in  the  olden 
times,  oei'iipy  u  prominent  place.  They  also  dnss 
well  and  expensively,  with  indeed  a  truly  oriental 
luxury.  It  the  men  clothe  themscKes,  as  in  China, 
India,  and  I'ersia,  in  stiilf>  of  silk  and  t;olil,  the  ladies 
are  not  hehind  (lieni  in  the  costliness  of  their  crapes, 
their  iiiuslins,  their  silks  and  .satin,  and  the  richness  of, 


185 

their  eiidiroidery.  Taste  and  ueallli  arc.ilike  marked 
liy  (he  niimlier,  variety,  and  co.stliness  of  a  ladv's 
dresses.  No  tissues  wove  in  Kuiope  approach  in 
delicacy  of  Inaterid  the  li;,dit  ;;ossanier  m.ilerials 
wiiiii  hy  ,la|iaiio.se  ladies  in  siiuimer.  'I'lnir  dresses 
are  supporled  hy  a  simple  waislhaiid,  which  is  tied 
liehiml  hy  the  uniiia'i'ied,  and  hefore  hy  the  wedded 
ladies  The  sleeves  • 'e  of  ;;reat  ilimensions,  and,  in 
some  iiistanees,  fill  .  the  f;roiind.  They  al.^o  wear 
many  dresses  at  the  .same  time,  Imt  the  toilette  is  imt, 
on  that  aceoiiiit,  a  (edioiis  alliiir,  as  wi(li  ii.>.  They  can 
<{et  into  (hem,  Imwevi  r  niimeious,  all  at  ome.  Thev 
dress  and  undress  with  eipial  la^e  and  rapiclitv.  The 
waisdiand  is  loosened,  their  slecvis  are  allowed  to  fall, 
the  dress  or  dresses  follow,  and  all  is  done  These 
waistliaieU  are  riilily  worked  widi  t.'olil  and  silver,  or 
decoialed  with  precious  stones  The  leiiyth  of  the 
volie  lieliind  ileleriiiines  the  rank  of  the  «earer.  liiili 
or  |ioor,  every  woiiiin  had  her  fan,  and  .dl  ela.s.ses  j^o 
with  their  head  iincovcreil  except  in  winter,  when 
they  wear  a  kind  of  white  lined  .oik  lioiinet  Men  and 
women  alike  ii.se  |iarasol.s,  cinerally  home  hy  pages. 


IV.— J.MWNKSK  IKIMKSTU;  LIKE. 

Tilt;  followint;  pun  ly  domestic  sc-cm  .  detailin;^  traj; 
meiits  of  daily  inlen  oiir>e  li'.'iween  an  Kiinli^h  traveller 
and  a  respeit.ihlc  .lapani'se  family,  will  do  more  in 
convey  an  idea  of  their  inaiiiiers  and  iiisloms  than 
whole  pai,'es  of  dcs(  riptive  jielier.alities. 

(>iir  'ia\cllcr,   it  is  to  1 hseivi'd,  |iicked  up  tlii'  ac 

ipiailltaiii  e  o|  a  Japanese  yelltleman  ill  (he  s(  reels  of 
NaL,''Sil;i.  They  had  no(  pioceeded  more  (hall  a  hun- 
dred y.irds  t'loii  their  haltini;  place,  when  his  .scarlet 
friend,  as  he  then  callcil  him.  slopped  in  front  of  a  small 
archuay  leidiiu;  I  hrou;^li  a  small  aveiine  ol  oraiii;e  trees. 
Ilankcil  liv  ixaideiis,  ami  thence  up  h.ilf.i  do/'ii  inaiKle 
steps  to  the  hall  'ioiir  1. 1  a  Uell  verandahcd  comlorlaldc 
look!  11  l;  lialiil.tl  loll,  u  ilh  a  conical  n.of,  which,  l>y  sundry 
words  and  siiiiis  which  would  Iom  their  I'llcct  if  it  were 
.lllcmpled  to  reduce  them  lo  pen  on  paper,  he  was  led 
to  iinderstaml  was  his  house  Would  lie  walk  in  .ind 
Like  tea  (  ()f  course  he  Would,  and  so  he  did;  and  to 
(he  evident  ilelij;lit  of  his  new  host,  wIiom'  howiii;; 
polili'iiess  was  so  iiiien-e,  tlial  lie  say->  he  had  never 
met  with  its  like  hefoie,  and  lii\er  expeclecl  (o  meet 
with  au.iiii  out  of  J.ipaii.  ( 'l■o^.-,in^'  the  mat  hut  I'la- 
hoialelv  eoiistrucled  poiili,  they  entered  hy  ( he  open 
doorw.iy  a  spacious  hall,  iiia((eil  accordiii)^  (o  (hi' 
f,'overiiiiient    reiiu  hit  ions,    which    prescrihes   that    e\cry 

imit  maiiiilaetiiicd   throunhoiil    the   empire   iiiiisl    1 f 

(he  one  uiiiforni  si/e.  Similar  re;;iil.it  loiis  are  in  force 
with  respect  lo  the  hiiildiiii;  of  houses  and  all  s.iilinc 
craft,  which  must  in  no  e.isc  he  di\er;;id  from  wiilioii( 
special  authority.  At  (lie  opposite  end  of  (lie  hall, 
which  consisted  of  a  w.ill  painted  very  niiicli  after  the 
sivie  of  a  drop  at  a  theatre  :  a  passage  .-ros.sed  it,  so 
that  the  house  coiihl  he  entered  either  to  the  ri};lit  or 
thi'  let't.  .\  (nan  servant,  elail  in  yellow  'O'samer,  w.is 
sillini;,  (/  Af  Tiin/'ii'.  in  (he  one  (o  the  i.ijht  liy  wliii  h 
(hey  entered;  hehowed  his  ton  lie.id  (ow.iid  (he  Lir.aiiiil 
as  his  iiias(er  approached,  ami  passi  d  him,  iiniiiedialely 
afdc  which  he  t'oUowed  them  into  (he  saloon,  or  com- 
moll  silt  iiii;-i'ooiii  of  (he  house,  wlnaea  hcindtiil  siyht 
a(  ome  presell(ed  i(self  to  the  visitor.  Jie  bliouhl 
radii  r  have  said  a  heaiKifiil  woman,  lor  it  wah  no  other 
than  his  liost  llio  scarlet   ''eiilliin  in  a  wife 


1 1   !  r 


IflA 


ALL   ROUNl)  THE    WORLD. 


"iS^  *^-"  aSiSMii 


#H^ 


ENTRANCE  TO  THE  BAY  OF   YEOOO. 


J'lii' li:iir  of  tliis  laily  \v:is  dioscd  in  ii  iiiMmjc'i-  wliicli 
was  new  ti)  liis  cxiicriiiR't',  IpoIti^  whIIi  iit  lull  Iciiytii 
(liiwii  her  liai'k,  ami  tiiil  at  ciiiial  cli>taiiii'.s  with  velvet 
prapi'.  It  wasMiu'jle.stiveul'aliell  n'jie;  Imt  what  nt'tliat  / 
it  was  a  .<iir|ia.->ing  ciriiaiiieiit.  Her  lil's  were  ut' a  di'- 
liiate  iJiirjili'  tint,  tlie  elli'it  <it'  eosiiietii-,  wliieli  as  slie 
slightly  iMuvecl  tlieni  will)  un  exi)ie.s.sion  (if  tiinnl 
woMilci-  at  lie  inmneiit  of  Ins  entrance,  ilisclosed  ii  set 
(if  Will  liirnieil  liMt  lilaekeiieil  teetli,  tlie  invarialile  siixn 

of  man  ia^ie.       Her   i plc-xioi.    was    pale,    inelinin^   ti>  I 

tawny,  aixl  a  ijeiieale  line  of  russet  |iink  adorneil  jier  '' 
elieeks,  Jier  liruwswere  Idaek.  alike  with  her  liair. 
and  arehed.  Her  head  was  rather  hirj,'e,  and  displayed 
a  hit;h  well  t'urmed  torehead  ;  Iter  eyes  were  narrow  and 
somev.  hat  sunk  in  the  head,  the  eyelids  f.rrininii  in  thi^ 
fjreat  iui{,de  of  the  eye  a  deep  fiiimw,  hut  the  expression 
was  oiii!  of  t'Xtrc^nie  (piii  kness  and  umiahility.  So  .soft, 
so  eontidinix  w.i.s  lier  manner,  that  our  traveller  Biiys 
she  inspired  him  with  the  virtuous  passion  of  ailmira- 
timi.  Her  hands  and  feel,  tlio  latter  restiiii;  on  ii 
I'atliery  mat,  were  small  and  exipiisitely  formecl,  and 
her  whole  li:,Mire,  attitnde,  and  movements  were  fall  of 
j.'r.iei'.  She  w,is  arraveil  in  .i  dress  of  liianiifnl  silk, 
into  tiie  skirt  of  whieh  heliinil  was  wove  a  ri'preseiita- 
tioii  of  tin'  peaeoik.  'I'he  I'olours  were  as  hriLjht  ;is 
tlioM'  wurn  liy  her  sire,  lint  then  they  harmoidsed  well, 
as  is  in\ariahlv  the  ease  with  the  .lapanese,  so  that  tln^ 
most  hrilliant  eoHeetioii  of  tints  never  wears  an  aspeet  [ 
otlna'wiH'  than  jileasini;. 

IHs  host  introcjiieed  him  as  Aiiifriiii;  he  liowed  low  j 
to  the  hely.  who  hid  risen  frmn  a  siti.ill  iittoinan-like 
stool  on  whieh  she  was  se ited,  book  ."ml  fall  ill  hand, 
at  the  nioim'lit  of  his  eiitranee,  nnd  w'no  oowed  like 
wise,  I'losiii:.'  her  hands  and  raisiiit;  them  fo  her  hosoin 
lis  she  dill  so.  .After  this,  she  resnmeil  her  seat,  and 
without  nlteriiii;  a  word,  A  nietallii'  lnazier  stood 
in  the  eentre  of  the  room,  and  round  it  viere  arrantred 
three  velvet  topped  eilshions  <'r  stools,  intelidid  to  la? 
i>i«m1  ;i,s  seals.  On  one  of  these  he  was  invited  to  Ic 
Kealeil;    so  he  maile  the  deseeiit   with   an   elegame  for  i 


whieh  he  >ay>  he  was  indihted  to  his  "shiny  leather' 
lioots.and  eon^^ratulated  himself  very  much  un  r»'aehing 
the  cushion  without  a  "  tlop." 

His  lio.st  liaviii;;  haiideil  his  sword  to  the  atreiidant, 
followed  liiiii  to  the  lloor,  where  he  arrived  as  salilv 
tind  as  naturally  as  our  travellir  had  done  him.self; 
immediately  after  whieh  the  vellow  yos.sainer  clad  at 
temlaiit  laid  a  tray  eoniainiiii,'  the  usual  ]>ipe  and 
tohaeeo-Jioueh  let'ore  e,u  h  ot  them  As  !.!■  h;id  lio  fan, 
one  was  h..nded  to  him.  It  v\as  nnneees.-arv  to  order 
tea;  it  was  liroui;ht  in  on  a  tray  hy  another  male 
ilolnestie,  allayed  in  white  eaml'lie,  u  niiliutc  or  .so 
altiiwards. 

The  windows  of  the  room  were  open,  and  di.selosed, 
across  the  verandah,  whiih  surrounded  the  house,  ,i 
well  eiiltiwited  {.'allien  of  diversified  asjieet.  The  walls 
(if  the  looin  itself  Were  entirely  eoMled  with  heautifnl 
Japanese   ilr.iw  im.'>  of  l.nL,'e    si/.e   on    paper.'    amlverv 


'  ll  Has  wni  ilirl'al  t>i  mv  ilie  tlieiisaml  iisctiil  iis  well  its  ormi- 
iiieatiil  iMiriHi-e  *»  wliicli  )';i)iit  \\;is  a|>pricalili>  in  the  liaails  of 
tiii''i'  iinlu>lri'  ll-*  atnl  la>U'lt)l  |i'ii]il,';  oar  p;ivier-inarl.e  niiinurMC- 
tiirers,  ns  will  a-*  tlir  niiitii  nital  oiu'<.  i*lmulil  pi  tn  ^'t-iliio  to 
Ii-;ira  wliat  r;iii  I'l'  ili.--  with  puinT,  W'o  saw  it  nmile  iiile  laiitf- 
riiil  so  cln-ely  n-.  iiililii'u'  Ha>Miia  anil  niurniro  li'iitliiT.  tiiiit  it 
wa.<  viry  (lilliiiilt  !■•  lUtiil  tin'  lUli'ieniv.  \\  ill-  tin-  ai<l  nf 
l:iei|iu'r,  viiriii.<,li,  anil  skillnl  paii  tia^,  p.iperniiiilecxreili'al  tnaii.s, 
tiiiiiiirii  l«iirs,  eiji.r  eases,  siiilillfs.  te'.esi'"|H'. ruses,  lite  fritinck  iil* 
mil*  osi'opi'!* ;  anil  we  even  saw  anil  usiil  exeellent  waterpriNil'enats 
n  uile  (it'simiile  piiper,  wliiili  </"/ lii'i'))  eat  llie  nia.  lunl  were  us 
siippl  •  »»  tlie  lie-1  niaikia''i>li.  Tlie.Iapiiiii'Re  us<'  neiiliiT  silk  nor 
eiittiia  lianili.eriliiet'-.  t"V\el<.  er  iln-tirs;  p:i]i.r.  in  tlnir  liiiiul-, 
fiTvis  US  an  evreilenl  -nli-titnli-.  It  is  suit,  thin,  lunL-h,  of  a  pile 
yell.iw  ei.l.iiir.  iinil  v.  iv  phnliral  imil  ilieap.  Tlie  inner  «a  N  uf 
many  a  .lapmii-e  iipiirMiiiiit  lee  ferniiil  uf  pii|ii'f,  iM'iiiLMiMlhmi; 
innre  than  piiiiileil  siTnui ;  tin  ir  »iaaii"s  me  ei.venil  with  a  tii.e 
Irinnlar.nt  ili-enpliiin  of  the  viiae  inateriiil  It  enliis  larp  ly 
iiiln  the  n\  innl'actnre  lit  miirK  ivi  rvlliiejr  i»  «  .I'l'anise  linnse- 
h  ihl,  ami  we  kuw  wlmt  .einieil  liiilli'i.f  twiiu',  wlildi  were  n  .thitu; 
I. at  l..nu'  shr.ili  i>rt.iiiL'h  papT  rnlliil  up.  ll  ii  slinikeepiT  h:nl  a 
)i!iriel  Id  tie  np.  he  wmeil  tai,e  a  ►trip  nf  pnp<  r.  mil  it  ipiiilily 
lul ween  liis  hiuiil!',  anil  us.'  it  r.r  llie  pnri«i«e,  iiinl  il  was  ipiite 
us  slriini:  as  the  Dnlinarv  strait:  u«-il  at  hnine.  In  slmrl,  witliimt 
pap<r.  all  Japan  wiiulil  ciinic  tun  ileHil  lurk,  mill,  inilecti,  Ifst   >» 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   Aiib  JAPAN. 


187 


much  rt'semhliiii;  stiifio  sroiiory.  Tlic  tloor  was  dl' 
cumisr  cnvenil  with  (lie  liiirsl  of  iiiiittiiii; ;  tlic  ceiliiiij 
Wius  richly  f^ihli'ii,  iiiid  lifilizciieil  with  iiiaiiy  i'xi|uisit(^ 
ciihinr.s,  wliili'  the  entire  aspect  of  tiie  jdaci'  was  liiie  nl' 
sechii'tive  re|H)S4'.  | 

His    linst   nnw    hecaiiie   v>>liil)le     on    tlie    silliject   of  i 
hiinselt'  and   the    nieetiiii;   Id   his  wife,  w  hd    made    lier 
Ciminient.s  and  inciuiries  in  a  snft  sulnineil  voice. 

•'  Picture    Monsieur,"  saiil  lie,  howin.;;,  aii<l  exti'ndin;;  i 
liis  hand,  lir.-t  Inwards  his  visitor  and  then  towards  the 
huly.  \ 

The  siiiil  visitoi-  (iiiw  that  he  wanteil  liiin  to  produce 
a  sketch  he  had  niaile  of  a  funeral  |inices-.i()n;  so  he 
readily  complied,  >;'^i"fJ  them  to  undei-sfand,  however, 
that  it  w,i>  liy  no  mems  in  a  rinislie<l  state.  They 
appeared  to  he  iinicli  pleased  with  it,  his  host  handirii; 
It  hack  to  him  with  the  imiuiry,  whether  he  wouhl 
.sketch  hint  ( 

"  Oui — yes  — ya — zoo  — i-amavoo — tsegimi — tilalioo." 
He  would  do  so  with  pleasure;  am)  lis  iiiiii  ami  wife 
were  liililiciilly  assei  ted  to  he  one  tlesli,  he  pre--umed 
tint  he  wished  him  to  include  the  lady.  II  ■  did;  hi' 
should  he  i;lail  to  see  iier  a.s  a  poppy  in  the  'add.  So 
drawin<j;  forth  his  pencil  and  paper ca-  ,  which  he 
always  carried  ahout  him  when  on  slioie,  he  liei;.iii  to 
eye  the  featurcM  of  Ills  entertainers,  and,  much  to  their 
amn.semeut,  to  depict  tlu'  .same  upon  the  white  surface 
hcfore  him.  When  he  had  tiiiisiied  the  pcii(ulliiij{,  he 
showed  i'  to  them  with  the  remark,  that  he  would 
colour  and  complete  the  dr.iwiiiij  when  he  went  on 
hoard  the  ship,  and  liriiii;  it  to  them  on  the  morrow. 
Ihit  no — they  did  not  like  that.  They  did  not  want 
to  he  seen  on  hoard  the  ship  However,  on  hisassurin;; 
them  that  it  should  not  l>i  shown,  his  host  con.sented  to 
the  iirrani,'emeiit 

"  Vou  would  like  to  see  my  children  V  said  he. 

'■Their  presence  will  deiiuht  me  exciediii!j;ly,"'  was 
the  reply;  upon  which  he  ta|iped  the  melal  lir.zier 
>laiidiiu{  hefore  him  »itli  his  fiii,  which  produced  a 
iiiel'.)W  hell  like  tiiiiiliug  sound,  which  was  aiiswired 
hy  he  loliliy  servant  in  yello.v  i.'o.sstmer,  who  eiilered 
an  i  knelt  hefore  us  .\  tew  w.ids  of  iiisl  ruction  uere 
softlv,  scarce  audihly,  uHi  icl  i.\  the  laily;  tli:'  man 
howeit  his  liead  low,  ro-i>,  .and  left  the  room,  niovini.' 
hackwards,  with  his  1  -  ie-,liiin  upon  his  thighs  till 
he  passed  the  doorwa;. 

Havinji  now  drank  each  a  cii(i  of  tea,  and  smoked  a 
pipe,  during  whi.li  liin'  tic  lady  li.id  hicii  ctmiged  in 
fanning  lierMlf  and  liohling  occ.i-i  iial  (•■iiiversilioii 
with  her  husliaml,  the  latter  sugge^ti  d  tin  r  rising  ami 
taking  seats  under  the  ver.iiidah,  lU'  out  in  ilie  ;.'irilen. 
where  they  could  see  and  .idmircMhe  fruits  .and  ll  iwers 
of  the  e.irth.  So,  acconliiigly,  they  rose,  and  pa>^ing 
lluough  the  open  windows,  and  level  with  the  Hoor. 
I  he  Harden  in  all  its  loveliness  was  spread  out  !»■('■  i 
ihi'in. 

Oiir  traveller  .■iilmils  that  he  is  rather  a  lover  of 
Dutch  ami  ('liinese  taste  and  detail  in  the  ariiiiigement 
ot  gardens,  although  an  ailmirerof  thegr.ind,  the  roiigh- 
hewn,  the  wild,  and  the  massi\i'  in  nature.  He  was. 
ihereforo,  pleased  and  rcl're-hed  hy  the  sii,dit  of  i' 
miniiiture  land.Mape  Ik  lore  him.  with  its  ai'i'heil  hriilv" 
spanning  a  ri\er  or  a  «alcrlall,  its  terrace  hills,  and  it> 


till' ailiitriiry  pxiTi'isc  ul'  nnllmrity  ii    lynimiiiMl    tiiisliaiiil  slimiM 

Htil|.  jiis  wif'r's  pillnT.  tlir  -;li:o  mntiu'rill  lev    iuvaii:lltl_V  Stl|iuiatfS 

ill  till' iiiiii'i'iii!,'e  M'tili'iiii'iit  llhil    the  hriilc   is  to  liavr  ullnwnl  to 
III  r  ,1  I'lrtaiii  i)uiilililj'  ut  |w|h.t. 


fertile  pl.iins,  its  iun;;le,  and  ils  groves  of  laurel,  citron 
and  peach,  and  allhoiigh  lure  it  all  was  artificial,  it  was 
liii^hiy  pi(  tuiT.sipu'  and  suggestive  of  the  nioie  im- 
posingly real. 

Here,  in  imigination,  he  was  taking  a  lii.d's  eye 
view  of  an  extensive  sweep  of  coiinti'V  instead  o(  an 
acre  or  so  of  cultivated  ground.  They  had  not  licen 
more  than  live  minutes  under  the  verandah,  when  two 
nurses  noiselessly  presenttal  them.selves  hefore  tin  ni, 
the  one  leading  a  line  little  hoy  ahout  three  years  of 
age,  who,  with  the  front  liair  slia\eii  oif  liis  head, 
looked  as  wildly  intelligent  as  did  the  urchins  he  had 
.seen  at  Simoda  on  the  lirst  day  of  his  landing  in  the 
empire.  The  feet  and  legs  of  this  yiaing  gentleman 
were  hare,  and  his  sole  clothing  was  a  sltcxed  froi  k  of 
stnw  coloured  crape,  dniwn  in  at  the  waist  hy  a  red 
silk  s.ish.  The  .sei'ond  niir.se  hore  her  charge  on  her 
liai'k,  with  her  hands  heliind  holding  on,  after  the 
manner  adopted  hy  the  liiliias  of  Australia,  and  occa- 
sionally hy  ihe  wnmeii  of  most  other  eoiintiies.  It 
was  entirely  i(i\ereil,  the  head  and  fue  excijited,  hy  a 
thin  loose  lit  iiii<;  rohe  of  similar  colour  ainl  material  to 
that  worn  hy  the  I'Ider  hoy;  for  tlii>  ali-owas  of  the 
gender  ma.scnline,  as  was  reailily  priceixid  hy  the 
sh.iven  head,  a  ceriMiiony  hcgun  very  early  in  life,  li  r 
the  infant  in  ipiestioii  he  ascertainwl  to  he  iindi  r 
twelve  months  old. 

The  nurses  were  hotli  prcttj'  girls,  with  hn.-oms  coii- 
sideralily  exposed,  displaying  a  skill  even  ]i.iler  thini 
their  faces.  Their  hair  was  tastefully  drawn  from  olf 
the  forehead  and  sides,  and  fastened  in  the  usual  way 
with  gold  pins  ill  a  graceful  knot  on  thecro«n.  'I  heir 
ears  were  sm.ill  ami  di'licately  formed  :  their  hands  and 
fei't,  hoth  of  which  were  uncovered,  aiiswciul  the  .saniv' 
description.  Their  gauzy  dres.scs  of  light  I  Ine  cotton 
extended  from  the  shoulders  to  the  ancles,  hut  h  ft  the 
outline  of  their  form  and  linihs  distinctly  trae.  ihle. 
.\  yellow  crape  .sa.'.li  circled  the  waist,  and  tight. md 
tieir  dresses  round  them — which  gawnents  wore  aiiy- 
iliiu,  hii;  III!  intlatrd  aspi'ctT-so  limeli  so  that  now.  if 
he  says  he  I  ;m1  to  .lame  the  antipodes  of  tiiediooped 
an  1  ciiiiolined  dre.s^  of  his  sister  (he  speaks  in  tin- 
tj)u,ker  scii.sc  of  the  term),  l.ady  Florence  Kotuiida,  of 
(irosveiior  sipiare,  he  should  .seh'ct  that  of  one  of  the 
nurses  of  his  Na;;iisiki  friend. 

He  Very  niucli  adniind.  and  expieisnl  hi  dmi- 
riilion  i.f  the  liitle  tliiin;s.  upon  which  (like  -  ilicr 
mother-    in   other    lands)  his   hostess   seemed   ipiile  as 

ih    pleased  with    him   as  hewaswitii  the  childiiii. 

>•  smiled,  and  iietted  tin  in  with  caresses-- p.iler- 
laiiiili.is  siiiihd,  and  tickled  oia  of  them  under  the 
chin — the  nurses  smiled,  and  he  smiled  hiniscll,  nu-an- 
wiiile  \  vi-liini;  hi^  eulogistic  remarks  and  gestures, 
and  shaking  thi'm  hy  the  liand-  ii  mode  of  handling  to 
whnli  tliey  appeared  to  he  iiuite  iiccnstomed— so  that,, 
on  the  whole,  juilging  hy  appealanees.  they  were  a 
happy   family,    the    yellow    gossamer-elad     indi\idnal, 

ule     kiK'lt  at  .sol listaiice  with  a  pleasant  grin  play- 

ii.L'       lo.ss  his  features,  included. 

\^   it  was  now  siin.-et    he  touk   his  h:ne      the   lady 

vsinglow,  tin'   niir.s"s  and  children   still  heiiig  hv   her 

-ide,  and  his  lio>t  accompanying  him  to  the  pi.ich.  and 

,  insisting  upon  his  ill  ccptmg  as  a  gift  the  tin  which  hi.d 

hi'cu   handed  to  him  at   the  time  of  his  entianee.  and 

j  expressiiii;a  leiiewed  hope  that  he  Would  allow  him  i;..' 

j  felicity  id'  entertaining  him  on  the  day  following. 

I       The    next   day  our   traveller   took    his  way  with    th  i 

I  coloured   portrait  in  his  poiket,  -the  ohserved  ot   all 


18S 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


!        i 


i  I 


I    ; 


oliscrvors,"  ovor  tlio  woll-swo))t.  wiUpavod  <:;npiin(l,  to 
tlic  limisf  (if  Ni.;.kot(.;-ka.  Iiis  lio.st  of  tlir  iin  \  ioii>, 
day.  Wliilf  niiikiiii,'  ini'iition  of  liis  imiii.'.  it  iimy  lie 
oliM'iviil  tliMt  tlic  ,F,i|i.imsc  iisiiu'''  with  r(S|ic('t  to  si.cli. 
•lilli'is  from  tli.it  of  iill  ollhT  iwitioiis.  'I'lit!  family 
liiiiiii'  of  till'  iiiiliviilual  is  iii'vcr  iiiaile  us(M)f  liy  him. 
('X<-i'|it  in  the  .^^ii^iiiii^'  of  .solcinii  coiilracls;  nml  the 
|i,\rticiiliii'  iiniiu'.s  hy  whii  h  null  .no  ih>ii.'M.it('(l  in  onli- 
iiai-y  lifi'  and  ion\  irsalion.  \arii's  aci'ordinsi  to  age'  ami 
(lositioii.  'I'lms.  in  oHiriid  rank^,  it  is  .i  tommon  thiiii; 
lor  till'  oni'  man  to  havi'  In  rii  known  and  aiidri'r>Md  liy 
lialt'n  clozon  (litfiTi'iit  nanii's. 

Our  tnivi  lier  jia^sid  niulrrthi'  sann' I'li'gaiilly  carvi'd 
.iii-hway,  along  tho  same  avcnui'  of  oranu''  and  lilion 
tiers,  iiniler  the  same  )ioreh,  and  o\i  r  the  .-.oft  maltini; 
to  the  IMiy,  where  was  s(|n.itled  the  lierald  in  yellow 
!,'os.simei'.  He  ineliiieil  his  fondiead  to  the  groiiml  as 
he  a]ili|-oaelied  him,  then  ro>i',  an  t  leerded  lieloio  him 
liaekwards,  with  his  hands  ii>iiiiL;  on  his  thighs,  to  the 
door  of  the  saloon  in  which  he  had  sit  on  the  |iie\ious 
day.  It  was  nnor.iipied  ;  Imt  the  windows  wi'ie  o|.eii, 
as  liefore,  re\  o.iliiiL;  to  the  eye  tho  |ile;isint  gaidcii 
|rros|ieet  withi'Ut.  Tho  attendant  |ilaied  one  of  the 
velvet  sfool-ensliions  for  him.  if  he  ehoose,  to  lie  seated 
n|ion.  and  with  hands  to  thighs,  he  again  moved  liaek- 
w.irds  o\it  of  the  room. 

In  a  few  monnnts — dnriiig  wliieh  he  had  amiiseil 
liiih.self  hy  examining  a  giily  painted  fan,  which  had 
{■"nsivama  on  one  side,  and  a  wrestling  match  on  the 
other — liis  host  made  Ins  a|iiiearance ;  Imt  this  time 
e!ad  in  rohos  of  ditfereiit  and  more  niagiiiliceiit  eoloiirs 
to  those  worn  on  the  occasion  ot  his  tiisl  seeiiig  him. 
He  liowed  low,  cla|ied  his  hands,  elevated  them  to  his 
lorehead,  and  airaiii  to  his  luca-t,  and  lude  him  wel 
come.  He  ]ireMiite.l  tlie  pictiMc  to  hiui;  he  again 
liowed  and  thaiiki'd  jnm.  in  the  name  of  Nipon  and  his 
wife,  tor  the  honour  that  he  had  done  them.  Onr 
Iravellcr  liowecl  his  ackie-w  ledi;iiieiits,  aii.l  responded 
willi    m.iliv   assMlMiices   of  the    pride    and    plea>iiie    he 

felt   in   the  leinoiir  of  his  aci|iiaiiitai in    paiticnlar, 

.'iiid  of  diipaii  in  '.'em  ral.  lie  a_'.iiii  Im.wicI  low,  and 
^liil    th.it     Nipoii    w.i>   exalted,   ,tiid    No>koto.ka    w.is 

IhlMcleci  lie   would    take    a    Clip    of    the  di'llcinlls  and 

lite  revtiiriii:.'   tea    grown    on    the    teriMcc    hills   of   the 

island,  and    he  would    liiiiii  a  |ii| f  the    I'la^'raiit  h''f 

of  the  toll icco  pliiil.  which  lloiiiished  in  the  valleys; 
and  verv  soon  tln'  parliiei'  nf  his  career  "ii  the  mi- 
slrdi/l/  l-.{Vt\\  —  he  mil^l  li.i\e  lieili  dist  llllied  li  V  call  ll- 
onakes — Would  he  dow  n  to  reward  him  with  lierlo\e 
and  smiles.  He  howcd  a.'.iin.  His  iiost  drew  forth 
the  lohacco  poiich  fi'oin  his  sa-h,  while  simiillaneonsly 
the  ten.int  of  the  yellnw  go.s^ami  r  entered  with  a  Irav 
containing,'  .inolher  for  Ids  visitor  He  followed 
the  example  of  his  friend,  and  sit  down  liefore  lie' 
metal  lirasier,  in  whiih  a  small  lire  of  prepiii.d 
charcoal  was  Imriiing  at  tln'  timi'  ot'  his  ii:tr.inec.  I  |e 
hoped  the  children  were  u. II;  \c-.  the\  '.re  in  il^ 
liappv  iiijoynient  of  the  mo>t  peile.  i  healili.  He  v\,i^ 
glad  to  hear  it. 

I'leveiitlv  the  l.idv  of  the  lii.ii^.'  made  her  .-ippear- 
ance.  The  ^.iliii.it  ii'ii  was  MS  on  the  pic\  ions  day,  Imt 
free  from  all  cniliaria^smciit.  She  greeted  the  visitor 
lew  woiils  of  her  native   l.iinjiiai'e,  which    lie   did 


III  a  li 


moment  of  its  examination.  ITor  dross  and  iipponr- 
ance,  including  the  mode  of  wealing  the  liair,  wiin 
ne.irly  the  same  as  on  the  previous  day,  and  her 
manner  was  just  as  winning,  amiahle,  and  full  of 
geiitlonos.s. 

v.— A  JAPAN KSE  LADY. 

A  STIIJ.  more  cnrioiis  and  eliaracteristie  scene  pre- 
Honted  itself  on  another  orcasion,  and  after  inlerconise 
hetweeii  the  two  jiarlies  had  ripened  to  intimacy,  '{'he 
visitor  and  his  host  had  liecii  conversing  almiit  half  an 
hour  when  the  lieaiilifiil  Sondoree,  in  utlier  words, 
.Mrs.  Noskiitoska,  made  her  appearance. 

.She  had  just  ontered  i  he  Imnse  in  company  with  n 
1  Illy  friend,  who  was  tie  n  in  another  apartment.,  Jn- 
voliintarily  the  vi^it  ir  rose,  howed,  and  extended  his 
hand,  the  litter  so  suggestively  that  Mix  Noskotoskii 
actually  took  hold  of  it,  or  rather,  in  the  uncertain 
endeavour  to  tlo  so,  approached  it  so  closely  that  ho 
tenderly  took  hold  of  hers  Ho  wa.s  delighted  to  see 
her.  He  hoped,  with  all  the  fervour  of  his  nature, 
that  tho  iiolile  lioys,  iier  chihiieii,  were  doing  well,  and 
she  heiM-lf  was  doing  likewise.  Ho  wished  her  the 
highest  felicity  ever  awarded  to  mortals  on  earth,  a 
highly  ortlmdox  Japanese  eonipliment,  and  liei,'ged  her 
acceptance  of  the  few  trinkets  which  he  had  Jilovided 
himself  with  liefne  leaving  tlie  sliip,  and  which  he 
then  hamlel  to  liei,  eiica.sed  in  a  small  hox  which  hail 
lieeii  liought  at  Tinilirid',:o  Wells  for  sixpoi.eo.  They 
consisted  of  a  ring,  a  ])encil  oa.so,  and  a  few  eliarms, 
which  lie  had  lioiight  from  iin  Knglishman  at  Hong- 
Kong  for  tho  purpose  of  giving  away  to  the  .Ja]ianese 
'adios.  She  was  mmli  jileased  with  tlieiii,  and  thanked 
him  warmly,  Imt  with  respect  to  the  ring  she  thought 
it  emlilelnatic  of  lioiidai.'e,  fctti  is,  and  that  like.  He 
placed  it  upon  her  second  linger,  and  assured  her  that 
the  ladies  of  I'.nglaiid  and  Aiiiciica  li.id  no  such  scruple 
a',;aiiist  wearing  them,  and  that  sin-li  was  a  sign  of 
rank  and  wealth  rather  than  otherwiM' :  alllioiii;h,  when 
the  di-play  o|'tlio>eiir  any  other  kind  of  jewellery  was 
l.irge  and  couspicnoiis,  the  taste  was  justly  esteemed 
vulgar.  Her  hair  to  day  was  no  longer  of  such  a 
length  as  to  remind  him  of  a  hell  rope;  it  was  wound 
ill'"  ;       .  coil  at  the  hack  of  the    lie.id    near   the 

crown.  ;iflcr  the  common  style  of  v\c  irin:,'  it  ;  there  it 
was  f.ivicncd  liy  tw.i  pins  chastely  eai  ved.  the  one  of 
tortoi.-e->he|l,  the  oilier  of  gold.  Her  appearance  was  .so 
tair  and  liecoming.  that  she  Would  have  awoke  the 
.'idiiiiration  of  many  an  un^miticii  exipiisito  satiated 
wi;li  g.i/.iiig  on  th"  lieaiity  of  a  London  -eas.in.  j  adies, 
she  was  "a  dear  sweet  creadue.'  as  guileless,  as  inno- 
cent, and  as  virtuous  as  she  was  lovely.  She  witli- 
drtvv. 

The  host  expros.sed  his  inclination  forahath.  Would 
he  like  to  enjoy  a  similar  luxury  (  if  .-o,  his  compiiiiy 
in  the  water  would  allord  him  |ileasure.  Tapping  the 
liia/!i  r  hefore  him  with  his  fan,  he  summomd  tliu 
illeiidaiit  from  the  pas.sige,  to  whom  h'-  communicateil 
his  desile.  The  vellow  gox-alllel'  letiled.  lielidillg  aS 
Usual.  The  host  lolhuveil  inimedi.iti  Iv  al'tei  WMi-ils,  anil 
he  with  him.  aero^,  the  a]iartnieiil.  thloie.di  the  open 
w  indow    and    "ardeii  to  the  h.i 


uardcii  to  the  li.itli  house,  at 


it    dislincllv    hear    ler    iiiidi  istaiel,    hut    which. 


no     Die  en 


Ir.iiire  to  H  liicli  knelt  t 


le  gentleman  i 


(loUlit,    VVI 


to   Words  of  eomplinicnt  or   wi 


line.      Mie     a  third  male  .servant. 


H> 


saw  the  loloiirei 


anticipating  the  ;ii 


if  I  hi'  hath, 

rlined    Ins  forehead  to  tlie 

1   |iortr.iit  on   one  of  the  ciishious,  and     ground    as  they    pa.s.scd   liini,   and   then   still   kiieeiiuv, 

imm.inds  o|   his  niasler. 
t«.    tanks  or  haths  in  theehandier,  iuuJh 


■t  of  1 


ler  sire,  leant  dow  n  and  iiick 


itcd    tlh 


It  n]i,  expressing   her   .silislaction  w 


ilh    it    at    the    lir,>t 


Th. 


-T" 


CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


189 


11  ..f 
ilii'ii 

WHS 

I'lllril 

li    11 

Hlllll 
tllr 

it 

111'    nf 

11--  >■! 

til.' 

lali'il 

li.'S, 
lllln- 
litll- 

>llM 

|1MI1\' 

tll'f 

til.-. 

II. '.I 

■i    ''■'' 

ami 
.|i>'ii 
il 

mill, 
I  liiii 
lint', 

lii.li* 


of  wliiti'  iiiiiilili',  and  Imtli  sii|)|ili(il  with  wiuiii  w.itcr. 
In  11  vi'icss  till'  liuckfts  tor  Imlding  rulil  wiit.r  wci.' 
su.s|ii'ii(li'(l  tViiiii  il  ccipii.  r  mil  riiiiniiif;  a.iuss  it.  His 
liiist  WHS  iini.'kly  ilivi'stcil  ot'  his  ijiiiniciits,  li.'  fi.llnwiHl 
liis  t'Xiiiii|ili',  ,111.1  v.'i'v  siion  tlu'V  were  ilusliiui,'  mihI 
liliiiiLri'il,'  iili.iiit  in  tivi' t'.'.'t  ..f  wiitcr.  lie  wiis  in  tlif 
net  lit  i'nii'i.;iiij,'  iit;:iiii  t'luiii  tlic  liiitli  wlicn  tlic  tiiir 
Siiii.l.ii.'t'  —  yes  r.-ii.lri',  Mis  N.iskcit.iskii  — iiiiiili'  liur 
!i|i|.i'iiinn('(' 1  nnd,  uli.  .Liinls  iiml  sinisliin.',  with  Ii.t 
la.iv  tVicii.l  by  li.T  si.l.'  !  'I'Ihi.'  whs  iid  mistake  iilimit 
it,  tlicy  lia.l  seen  til.  Ill  i;..  int. 1  till' l.iitli-li..ilso.  'i'li.'y 
did  not  liliisli  in-  turn  lia.k  —  im,  tliat  w  ii.it  t.i  liu 
rx|i('('ti'il  tV.iin  Jii|)iincst.'  hi.li.'s.  Wliat  was  tlic  lii'.st 
tliinj;  to  lie  .l.)no  i  The  lovely  I'l'ratiir.'s  were  ask inj; 
liini  how  he  liked  the  Imth.  Me  was  alnicist  disposed 
t.i  he  viilnar  iiii.l  say,  "  None  the  h.'lt.  r  t'.r  si.ini,'  you," 
hut  it.s  rudeness  sho.'ked  his  delica.v.  as  iiiii.li  as  .li.l 
the  jire.s.iiee  of  his  host's  wile  an. I  li.  r  viii,'iii  tVi.n.l, 
for  tlii^  teeth  of  tlu"  latt.r  w<;r.'  whit.' as  polish. ■.!  ivoiy, 
So  niueh  tli.'  worse  t.ir  liiiii,  he  tlioiii;lit.  N.'\.'itliil.'>s, 
he  niiist.'red  that  .pii.'t  .•.nirai,'.'  so  n.'.'essaiy  in  po>i- 
tions  ..f  the  kin.l  ami  .•oinjioseil  himself.  Why  sliniil.l 
lie  troiilile  hiiiis.df  alioiit  it,  tlioUL;lit  he,  if  tiny  .li.l 
not  \  They  Were  th.'  intrii.l.rs,  not  him.  \\  hat 
deli;;htfiil  .'.iiis.ilation  !  .Iiist  tlii'ii  Nosk.ituska  steiip.-.l 
.lilt  of  his  liatli,  ami  stamliiii;  on  a  ^.'I'.itiii:,'  in  the  iiii.l.ll.' 
of  the  llo. ir,  .irdere.l  u  couple  of  liii<  k.ls  .if  col.l  waler 
to  he  thrown  ov.m-  him  liy  the  alt.  ii.liiit.  Tli.'  water, 
thi'oii;;h  whi.'li  a  constant  current  lia.l  Ih.'Ii  maiiitainc.l, 
was  now  allowc.l  t.i  run  oil',  it  was  hut  lli.'  w.nk  .if  ii 
m.iment.  .lust  then  the  thou^dit  .struck  him  that  the 
la.li.'s,  w  ho  wen.'  eoiivcrsiii.,'  t.ij;.'tli.r  in  one  corner  .  if  the 
room,  lia.l  i'oiik'  to  inini.'rse  themselves,  ami  that  the 
longer  he  reiiiaiiie.l  wli.re  he  was  th.'  longer  one  <if 
tli.'m  wiuil.l  liiiM'  to  w.iil.  They  woiil.l  ratli.'rscc  him 
out. 'f  the  hath  than  in  it,  li.'  h.'gan  to  think,  so  out  he 
st.pp.'il,  ill  a  mann.'r  as  spiighlly  as  ev.r  that  of 
Noskotoska.  lie  narrowly  csiap.  .1  havim;  t  w.i  lunk.'ts 
of  ..ihl  wat.'r  .lasheil  ov.r  liilii  as  he  p.iss.  .1  th.'  alt.'ii.l 
ant  aii.l  pro.'.'cili'.l  t.>  th.'  .Irying  gronml,  a  small  hut 
op.'ii  .livisi.m  at  tli.'  iipp.'r  I'Xtremily  ..f  th.'  r.i.mi.  |{y 
this  time  th.'  wat.r  from  liotli  tanks  had  liecn  .'liiptied, 
i.n.l  lli.'y  were  heiiig  lill.'.l  .igaiii  with  a  fresh  siipplv 
''roiii  ill.'  pipes  1. 'ailing  into  tli.'in,  and.  to  liisa.l.liti.mal 
dismay,  the  ladies  comm.'nee.l  iiiiili-.'ssing.  Th.y  w.r.' 
di\.'st.'i!  of  tli.'ir  a|ipar.'l  almost  as  .pii.'kly  as  was 
Nosk.iloska,  their  entire  lialiliments  .h'sccnding  at  a 
drop,  on  till'  sash,  cti-.t.'ia,  luiiii;  1111.11111. 1  .Vflcrthat 
th.'y  tripp.'.l  lightly  into  the  r.sp..  li\o  hallis  lie 
was  .Ir.ssed  ii.'arly  as  soon  as  his  I  ost.  ami  th.y  l.iiili 
lelt  the  apartm.'iit  tog.'tli.'r,  lli.-  li.L.'s  i-hatting  to  liiiii 
IIS  he  went,  ami  appi'ariiig  to  In'  in  the  ciij'iymcnt  of 
the  most  pcrlc.t  h.ippimss 

I'.iit  this  «as  mil  all,  A  fl.r  I  li.' liatli  m  ,is  o\  i-r  ami 
they  were  stamling  IomciIhi-,  1,1  ,■  if  lie  male  all. 'ii. I- 
ants  present. '.1  himself  at  tic  .p.  11  d.inrway,  ami  kne.'l- 
ilig,  uttered  11  lewwor.ls  in  a  lou  lone,  .iml  tli.'li  i.lired. 
It  was  an  inlimation  lliat  the  mid  d.iy  repast  was 
piipari'd  ami  in  r.'a.liness  Noskoloska  h'.l  the  way, 
ill.'  la. lies  followc.l  him.  ami  iiir  tra\eller  followcil  the 
la. lies,  Sii.li  was  the  m.!.  r  of  pro.-.'ssi.ni,  They 
iis.'cn.lcd  a  llight  of  steps,  liiaiiliiidly  Ln  ipienil,  int.i 
a  tliir.l  r.i.im  richly  gilde. I  ami  In  di/.ciu'.l  with  oriia- 
ni.'uts,  o\crl.i.ikiiig  th.' av.nn.'  lea. liny  to  the  p.iicli, 
ami  a  Hording  a  gliiiipsi'  ol'  the  sir.  et.  ami  .if  the  moun- 
tains licyoiul,  'I'li.ri'  wire  fmir  small  l.ic.pi.'rcd  lahl.'s, 
on  each  of  wlii.li  lay  the  aciisloimd  iv.iiy  chopslii  ks, 
the  HUiiill   Jiorcclain  cup  for  tea,  ami   the  larger  one  of 


la.'.pier  w.irk  for  snki,  the  small  glass  cruet  of  soy,  the 
porc.'lain  spoon,  ami  the  silver  fork. 

Talil.'.s  wcr.'  arr.ingid  roiunl  the  r.iom.  and  two 
siivaiits  in  gossamer  show.d  th.'  \  irgin  la.ly  ami  the 
Knglishman,  as  gii.'sts,  to  tli.'ir  appoint. '.I  s.'als  inid 
tahl.'s.  The  former  wei<!  wiiliuiil  harks,  hut  prnvi.lc.l 
with  three  legs  of  ehony  woml,  and  toppi.l  with  tigiircd 
velvet.  Iiotli  tahl.'S  ami  stools  w.-r.'  lower  than  lio 
.says  111'  could  have  .l.sir.'.l.  ami  th.y  lia.l  th."  cll'.'ct  .if 
imlucing  liim  to  ext.'iid  his  l.'gs  a  in.ire  than  iiMial 
.lislam-.'  across  tin-  room,  nature  having  ehvated  him, 
he  estimates,  "pr.'tty  conshlerahle  "  in  the  world,  that 
is  to  siv,  some  six  fc.'t  or  more  ahove  the  staniling 
level. 

'I'lu!  lirst  course  was  a  .1111  of  saki  ;  tin'  sii-nn.!  a 
small  .saucer  like  jilat.'  of  soup,  an. I,  ..I' .•mirse.  tish  and 
lie  soup  ;  the  tliinl  was  lli.'  saiii.'.  Imt  made  from  a 
iliHircnt  variety  of  lish.  ami  tlii.k.  r  than  the  tirsi  ;  th.^ 
fourth  was  a  t'ragm.'iit  of  lolistcr  .'a.h  ;  tli.' liftl  ,  a  w.ll 
lla\  iiiir.'.l  potage  .'f  lilii'  herhs  ami  lie;  tli.'  >ixth.  a 
s.'.-.iiid  supply  of  saki  and  ]'i.'.'i's  .if  wliraiiii  cak.' ; 
ill.'  scMiilli,  one  small  niu.ilagiiioiis  sln-ll  lish  I'licli, 
whi.-li  was  as  siigL.'.'>li\.' of  a  snail  as  .Mrs.  Noskotoska'.s 
original  nindo  of  .Inssiiig  h.'r  hair  lia.l  fceii  siigL:esti\e 
of  a  lull  riijie,  liiit  ul.i.'h  |irove.l  ils.'lf  very  .1.  li.  i.nis  ; 
ill.'  .'iglilli,  and  liiLil  .-.iiirs.',  consisled  of  tc.i  ami  c.ui- 
fectionaiy,  tlii'  la>t  nieiitioiicl  In  iiig  the  clinicest  he 
lia.l  ever  eaten  in  any  |iart  of  the  w.irl.l.  'I'he  meal, 
on  the  whole,  liulit,  as  the  ri'tidcr  may  easily  sujipose. 
However,  till r.'  was  .me  canse  for  satisfa.l  ioii  ;  it  w,is 
remarkalily  e,isy  of  ili^i-^tion,  so  minh  so,  ihil  he  1.  It 
di-p.i~i'il  tor  a  liis.nil  an  Imnr  al'lcr  ihc  last  .niiis.'  w.is 
.seive.l  ;  and  he  tie.  lares  that  he  is  hy  no  jiieans  a  eor- 
nioiMiit. 

.M'ter  the  .'ullation  was  over  th.'y  .l.'sc.'ii.l.'d  into  the 
I  saloiiii  of  amlii'ii.'.'.  and  so.m  to  tli.'  vcr.indali  upnii 
|wlii.li  its  w  iii.lnws  .ip.'iicl,  ami  while  liny  tmik  tli.'ir 
scats  on  the  lliiiisicst  looking  of  la. ■i|ii.ri  d  licneh.'S,  ami 
survey.. 1  the  li.'aiilics  of  ili.'  gaiil.n  prospect  licforc 
ill.  III.  They  had  Iiol  h.  .11  ill.  re  t.-ii  miniitcs,  when  he 
.saw  the  two  nnis.'s,  hcfore  sjii'ki'n  of,  Inaring  the  two 
I'll i I. In  n  of  Nosk  itoska,  thiea.liiig  llieir  way  .l.iwn  a  sid.'- 
walk  from  the  house  l.iwar.ls  the  I  alliing  ,saloon.  The 
movement  wa-<  siunlaily  oli-iived  liy  ill.'  olh.'ls.  lii 
ali.iut  t.'ii  niiniit.'s  nii'i'.'.  .hiring  w  liiih  timethev  li.id 
heeii  seive.l  with  t.'a  alid  p'|  1  s.  ami  the  l.idi.s  with  l.'a 
only,  the  host  aii'sr,  .^,i\  inur,  "  <  "me  and  hmk  at  n.y 
wif.'',s  .id'spring,  ih.'  smis  iipnn  wlmin  I  ii  ly  im-  the 
)i.'rp.'tnalioii  of  my  m.  inory  ami  lli.' t'ani.' ot  iiiy  good 
.l.'c.ls,"  He  p.ililely  a,ssiiili'.l.  hut  hail  snine  f.'als  that 
lli.y  should  find  tli.'in,  as  well  as  lli.'ir  niirs.'S,  in  a 
.oii.liti.iii  11. it  the  most  ]ircseiitalil.',  a.'.'.irding  to 
I'.iir.ip.'aii  i.li'as.  "  ///  /iiirin  iiiiliinililins.'"  sai.l  he  with 
an  .lir  ami  \<  ok  rather  jocular  than  aiiythiic:  'Is''. 

Noskoloska  s  r.'spoiiM'  wasthat  -mli  was  im  ohstacle, 
of  no  cons.'.pi.'iic.'  wlialc\ir  ;  tln'V  w.r.-  all  \  irtiioiis  in 
Nipi'ii. 

So  they  s'l  oil.  iiirii  and  w.ini.n,  in  ih.'  same  unier 
of  prii.'.'ssi.iii  as  that  aili>pl.'i|  in  imaing  from  the 
lihrary  to  the  dr.iw  iiig-ro.iiii,  w.'ii.lingllnir  way  llirough 
gloves  ami  llow.'rs,  and  a.'ross  hills  and  \alle\s.  nil 
th.'y  r.'aeli.'d  th.' Iialhing  saloon.  It  was  luiilt  with  a 
conical  roof,  ami  s]ii.'.i.liiig  l.av.  s  of  fignre.l  lilies 
I'ov.'iing  a  c.iiiipa.t  matting  of  liamhoo.  On  tin? 
c.ini.'al  summit  of  th.-  iiml  1  he  ligiiic  of  a  .'ranc,  cant  in 
silvi'r,  was  giaeefiilly  |ii  1.I1..I,  Th.y  .nler.  .I,as  h.'  had 
anti.ipat.'.i,  jist  in  lim.'  to  Iiml  th.'  w.iiii.'ii  ami  childr.'ii 
occupying  the  honouiahle  reccpluiles  hclorc  ineliti'iiieil. 


w 


too 


AI,L    ROUND 


Kicli  liiil  Olio  of  tl)o  boys  ill  Iut  iiriii'),  wlmst'  lii-jul 
only  \\;i^  Im>|i|  iiliovo  w.iIit  ;  Iiowimt,  lliiv  ill  :l|i|ii'iin'(| 
lo  lie  iii|oyiii;;  till'  iiiiiiiiiNioM  Miy  iiiiii'li,  jmlijliij,'  liy 
llii'  !,'ii,';liii4  of  till-  iliiiillTII  1111.1  llu'  siiiillii;^  lillli,'lilc'r 
of  tlii'ii- /(^'  /.ivv,  (•r./-.,  I'or  Hii.'li  llii'V  iiiiiilit.  ri'.isoiiMlily 
111-  .mIIiJ,    \\Uf\i  llic  iliplli  of  ilic-   \v:U<'i-   is   liikiMi  into 

roMsiil. lilt  loll,       'I'Ih'     .l.i|i:iiir-.i-     st I     walrliiiii;    ami 

ii.iiiiiiitii;  till'  |ii:iiik-<  ol'  (lie  rliil.lii'ii.  llici  l.ulii's  not 
omitting'  to  t:ilk  to  il'ciii  'rill'  niisi's,  li.'  fonii.l,  wiTi' 
no  iiioii'  li  islifiil  tli:ui  (liiir  IIII-.I  ir--~;,  or  were  tlii'trsi 
ol' till'  1.1.  Ill's  of  till' ciiiinri'.  ii'il  no  li.inii  \v:is  llioiii^lil 
ol' it.  MO  liniii  I'viT  I'linii'   of  il  .   .•iihl    In'    llioiiL;lit    wil 


>l<wk:i  tli.il   III 


.III 


inil    ll     \V  IS     ;l    1 


rfci  llv  oi  ilioilox,  Ai 


>i    lliiit    iiiiioi'i'iii 


tlllll      Vllllll',      Willi 


■!i  ir.i.lrrist  ll'  of  till'  woiiii'ii  i.f  tlinl 


VI.— THI''  INTKIMDU  »>1 


.1  M'  \N  i-;  :i  roiiiiirv  of  ixr 


'ilillL'   1 


lllo.   I  lir  sU  V    llio-l  1\    I  I, Mr,   nil. I    I  111' 
1. 1.  Ill   ll.  Niiiio'l    ll.    lull   mill    il.'i  I'. 


I'lilliiiiit   \i 


I't.il  loll  of  M  siiiirkliiiL;  i;! 


\  iII.il;i 


'S  llllollllil 


till 


.1. 


Iiki'  (ill 


pill' 


•f  ( 'iiiii.i.  Mil 
il-i.'llllU.         I- 


M>    llOllSO 

■iislniil 


ii;i    (111'    lull   siilrs    till 
1  lore  ni'iiio  i    li.msi's 


\i'r\  »  lirro 
;ri  .11    li'iiiiili 


if  til' 


1' 


t  ■  I  l;iii-iIi'1ii 


■|i  forth    liMiii   till'   llowi'i- 


rili'    .l:l|l:llli'-l'    nil 


•:i|>i'  L;.irii.  iini',' 


Will 


1. 


I'lliiii:  i>  11 


'iiiitrv  I 


if  111.'  K.i-l  :  III 


Hiiiii  111    111  .i.i|>  in 


if  1 1 


u'  liiiiiilirr  ol 


III    of    t 


IT^OIIS     111,  I     «  ll  ll 
if     I  I 


\"-<V 


I'tllMll 
if         li 


ir    luriHTuis    ii'liiiiir 
y.'.irr\  in-,'  on  riTriiioiiinl 


fkiil. 


V  iiiiliisi  nous 


ti.'l 


ll  vill 


11,'l's.    Mil'    .'III 


k<'     llll 


:i.'ti\ilv   ami   a   .•  nii^l.-iiil    luilili 


vaiu'ly  IS  yivi'ii    li\    iiliiiiini^  ;iii 
.•iiniisi'incnts   oi 


.1   oil 


f  ililf.' 

Willi    till'     l.lll.l.    Illll 


I    kiiiils.      It 


1. 


ill' 


lOll^ll      lllllll'l"'' 

from    |oifi;,'ii    I  111  V I 


11  illiiii:.'   llll    sur|' 


T'    1-1  111;,'   lr:lili'. 

xil   known. 


«if  ll 


:irll\ll\   an 
II'  mil  rior  of  tin 


I'ustoni,  I'.r  iiiiw.iri 


m-f  i:o\f  I  nor  I'l  iiio  Pm.li  i.i  loiv 
'  Yi'.lilo  to  I'onv.'N  ) 'I.  -nils  1. 1  I  ill'  1 
iiiinly  iinli'liti  1  to  ihisi'  |i.ii  iilii.il 
I-   li.'i  n  l.'anit  llll  I'l  till'  trill'  ol    lli 


"f    III 

.l.'i 


iiii'si'  .'iiiiiir*'. 


Till'  I>ui.li  m'M'i 


iiiiMiii;    tlu'si'    inissioiis    iiii|  rcssiM 


;iii'  t wi 


iiiiilfv  wlii'fi 


III  not. 
liiiiiilr 
ll. 


in  till  if  most  |>.iliiiy 
•ll  oltii  ials  ami  folio 
1   iiniiii'   of   si'.-.iiiiL 


I'll. llll  liy  ti'ii  tlioii-aini  t'ollowi 
•V  I  wi'iiiv  ilnnisiiii'l. 


rill 


li,-l 


joiinn-v   Was 


I'lli'i-lri 


vM'i'ii  a  |ialaiii|iiiii  aiiil   a  si 


'iliii   .1 


I  ii'ii'  all' iiiiiiii'iMiis  variilii's. 


11 


111.  If.    Wlio     I, 


•  I  a  1'  •! 
iioliti'iii'ss.  as   I.I   till'  li; 


alllioiii.'li 


li.'f, 


.1.       Ml 


11.  w.iMii'ii.  an 
si. .11  on    till'  wav.    tiinii 


Ml 
.1   III. 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN.  l»l 

tlu'NI'      illtlTPstillK     jillinirVS     won'      llll'     lrMI|iic^,      (■lllr     ipI  licil\    i    \.iii,IIM  i|,    |i:U    |1ii|IS   .MC    |irl  II    I'l     almvc   mII,   Wdllll'U 

wllii'li    lirliiiii;    111    |ici  nihil-    jtiIh,        I'm.    i>|'    tln-^c.     llir  ;iic   |iM'\  ciidil    |iiissiii ,' ilis'^iii-.i'il   in   nn  ii   .  ilnl  Iicm. 

Ikkii  Svii,  liiis    I  III'    ini.iL:!'    mI    onlv    "iir   i^'mj,  A  nihln,    :i  !         I'm  y  umI   I  lii-<  llini'  :iri'  I  wn  1 1  v  >'i^  l"  rii>s>.   »  il  li  smli 

liniiif  iiiil  iiiikniiwn   l>>   tin'  (iiii'ks   :iiii|    liiiiiiiin.s;   iiinl  iin    nii|ii','n'l  iriiMi'    niiini'    tliii  :il|    I  niM'llii  .    |  ill    jl  ilil' 

itK     |irirsls   iimiiT   iiinl   i':il    iiniil.      Ni'iii    SiiiiMi,'i'   is   n  liiiiillv    (<  h  f;n«ii  nf    .Sii'lmlil),   ;iiii|    wlmli    Ims   In    lir 

riilii|iliiir    lire    srvrnlri'ii    Minis    in    rinnnili'iriiri'.   iiml  ;  ri'iissrcl    im    iiii'ii's  hIiihiIiIitm       'I'liis    luirciit    is  sn  li.ilili' 

wliii'li  \Mis  oil!  in  till'   tinii'   i>t    Kn'mjili  r,   mii'  linniiri'ij  i  In  sinlilin    liscs   lli:il    im    linili{i'   run    lir  Imill    nvir    it. 

iiiiij  tliirl  V  live  vruis  lii'lnii' it  «;is  niriisiiri'il  liy  Siiliiilil  I  'Mil'    ^iiinl     KnHi-vninil,    iiC    tin-   s.inic    IiciliIiI     iis     I'lliiii, 

At.  'rriikii  Siilii   MIC  tlii'tni:il  simiiil;'',  mill  lit   KiiyiiiiMsi,  rnnii's  imw  in  si;;lil.  its  |i(Mk  rlmlwilli  |ii  r|Mi  ii.il  miuws. 

null,  nr  !i|i|i  iirrilly  liiiiiili' ili'|"isils.       I  n  I  III' iirilii|"  l,it;ii  'i'ln'    .lii|iiiiir>i'    niiikr    |iil;,'iitii;iL;i-<    I"    M-.    miv  --iiniiiiit, 

is    :i     lrni|ili'    III     Kiiiii|iil'n,     tin-   ,l:i|iiihi'Si'    Ni'|iliiiii',    In  \\  liiii'  tin  y  ;,'ii  to  wiii'.-,lii|i  tlir  iji-iiins  nC  tiiii|H'sts.    'I  liis 

wliiiiii  I'lli'i'iiiLfM  Mil'  niMiItt  III    siiiajl  ruin,  iis  iilsn  ut'  siiki.  iiiiiiiiiImiii    iiii|iMi'ts  ii    rJKiiMrli'l'   III'    ni:i;{liilirriirr    til   till' 

till'  rill-   liiir  111'  till'   iiiiiiiliy.      Olil    Irii's  jjrnw  in   tin'  « Imli' ■•  iih'       Ah  hiiIii- nl  iimnks,  rulliil  \'Miii;ili(p~i>  m- 

viriiiity  111'  till-  lrni|i|rs  :    ii  |iiiii>,  iil.   Kiiiir/i.  is  ilrsi'iiliril  M  i  hiiiIm  ill    l!iiii/i's,  ilwills  mi  its  II. inks      I'li'sunil   .MimihI 

liy   {''issrliir  .IS  liiiii'^  in  lii>    tinii'   (I."'''.!-)  niiii'    Iniii'liril  I'lisi,  llini'    is  tin-  imky  ili;iiii  nl'   Kiikmii  In  cins-.  «illi 

:inil  I'iijlily  llirri'   yi'iii's  nlil.      'I'lir    Ikii'Ihiiii' ul'    llini^n   is  n  iiiililMiy  iiiiij    |iii|ii'i'   sliil  mii  nf  tin'   Hiinii'   iiiinii'       'I'lii' 

|iiiitrrli'il  liy  .'I  ;;iTiil  lui'iik  wiilrr  ;    lirynnil  it.   is   llii'   ii'  kikrs.iiiil    ri\  ris  iil'  lliis  ilisli  ill,  iiliuiiinl    in   ^mIiiiihi  iinil 

nnwnril  ( Hiii.siik.'i.      'I'liis  is,  imli'i'il,  tlic  liunilsnnn'st  iiml  Irmit        'ril>iii;;li    tills  ii    sIimii^^ii  stiny,   il    liin-,  nl'  Iliis 

riilii'st.   rity    nt'    tin'    i'ni|iiir,    .iml    wlii'ic   tlii'iilii's  iinil  |iiiliii'   '~l:iliiii;    A    .lii|iMni'-i'    niiiiiii^ril    In    ^il    tliinii;<li 

iiinnsi'iiii'iits  nf  nil    kimU   iln    ninst  .'ilinillnl.       Iliiiiriln  uitli    lii^    twn   cliiiiliin,    :i    Imy  mm>I    :i    >^iiI       tlir    killii' 

nil  li'MV  rllrfs  iiufi'i'  in  r:illiiii;  i(   tlii<   I'.-iris  nf  .lM|iiin. '  ilis;;niMi|  iis  ii  liny.       ,\    111:111  «  Im   Kiii«    llii'  ili'liii(|ncnl, 

It    is  .'I   ikiv   lllni    it  IlilH     llrlH'i'    In     Mi.'ikn,    111'     .Miv^lkn,  I  lirr.'llrllril    In  lii'hnniiri'    lliln    lllllrss   III'   |i.'lli|    liilll   II    hll'u'i' 

till'  I'l'siilrnri' nl' till'  M  iki'ln.  nl' snvi'ri'i;^n  |iniilil)'.      Till'  Sinn    nt    iiinnry.     Till'   tiilliir    \\;i<\    il    nut,    .sn    lln'   ni-in 

rilv  is  ili'si  rilii'il  iis  Iu'Iiil;  viliiiitiil  in  -.i  lii'.iiil  iliil  v:illi'V,  ri'tiirniil  In  tin'  pilr  lunl  InM  \\li:it   li/nl  li;i|i|iriiri|     'I'lm 

wliiii'    Wiiti'i',  vri;i'tMlinn,  rliiiiMli'   :inil    sniii'i  v  iiiiili'  In  i'\i-il('iiii'iil.  wiis  ;;?riil,  I'm-  il.  inni-rrmil  tlir  In  mis  nt  nil. 

I'l'liilrr    lit'i'   lii'lirlniis.        'I'lii'   rity    is    i's|iii'i:i|ly    ti'limil  Tin'  nUiii'l'   mi    iliily  ni.iii.iuiil    In  iiMiiil    (\|.n-iiii'        Iln 

{•■|'i  nil  sill,   "till'    t'ily    nf  'ri'niii|iiillily    "       Iliin    is    llii'  sinl  nil' nnnllnr  Imy,  l.lliii!,'  I  lii'  tat  Ihi-  In  !■  mM'  llii';;iil 

I'nil'il,   nr    I'l'sidi'liri'   nf  till'    si  .\  i'|ii;;ii    pmilill'.     .Mikmln,  niii|     n-iiiin   «illi    llm    tun    liny^        W  lull    III-     liail    lliiis 

lli'i'i' iilsn  nil'  till'  tivi'  ^rint   nrnilriiiii'^,   ruli  nl'  wliirli  |iinviil    liiinsilt'  in  tin'  iil'IiI,  Ih'  I'liM,  in  alii  nt    li^ili 

is    sniil    In    linast    nl'    its    llivi'i'   lliniisninl    IIm'     liiiiiili'i'il  niali'  nn;^'i'i',  kill   I  lii'  ilriiniiiiri'i'.    'I  lii>  liil  lirr  nri'ni'i|iii'.4lv 

|iil|ills.        Ili'ii'   iilsn   ail'    tlin-.i'    «nii. linns   li'iiijilrs    Willi  III  nrni'il    In    llii'    |iiist    willi   llii'    I  wn  linys,  nml   Innk    llll' 

llirir   ;,'iaiil    iilnls,    wliioli    i'\   iliil   .il    mn  i'   iln'    siii'|iri-.i'  liiiil  :is  In    I  In'  sniiiiii.'iiy   iiimli'   nl' ilis|insiii;;  nf  tlir   iiiaii 

anil  I  III'  ii'r  nl  lln'nlil  I  r.-iM-IIri  ..       '  'Iln'  i|i'\  il  rmilij  iml  wlm  ha.  I  l.|iiiii;lii    I.  m  ami  tin'  nnaiil  in  In  imiiM,'. 

Iiiv  I'    sil^!ni'^liil     In     1 1 in|iiin|-   a    I  I'll  Iil  T     nil 'a  lis   nt  Tin'  i|.'  11  i|il ;;i\  111  n|   I  |n'  ia|iiial  nf  I  lii.  iin|iii  r  liv 

s|i('niliiii4  liis  iinnii'ii-i'  I  riasiiir^.'    cs.j.iiMiril  llm  Kii;.  ilnl  njil  Ir  m  iji  1  -.  Iiilly  rnn  i.l.mali-.  I  Im  ni  rnl  ililnils  Iraiis- 

Simiiiai'il,   jtnii    Itmln^n  i\r  \i\i.r,.\    \  1  la-.in,    in    |iiii:i  miltiil    In    ilns    iniiiiiiv.        Iln'   slnils  nn'  ilrsiiiliiil  a.i 


>|i.' 

Vi^iti 

iiii;   liniiinnisl    "ih'Ms  n 


till'  I Il  nl  'raii'asnia.  tl 


ii'  siiiii'  iini'iiiiiiiniiiiu 


riiii;  w  1 


n-r   siili'inlnl    iililiiis   laisi'l    In     linii-,is  nf 

tl 


Ir,    l'ii;illa|-,    |ia\  1  il  al    I  III'  si. 


Illnil  Willi 


•  111'   -lm\.  al 


i|  nl   a  niiilmiii  stvli'  nf  liiiilil 


till'   llli'lllnrv  nf  a    niall    "  \vlln>l'  snlll    i  -    in    llrll    Innll    I'll 


ninliL'  tlirlii   nil'  liialiv  lai';;i'i' 


I  nililili] 


III 


l\.'    .\iiil  III- inin  hull's  Ins  i'miiini|ilil  ini  nl  .la|i.iiii--i'      In    li'mil    nf   ihi'si'    iiiai;.i/iii 


'"r 

[s  ami  iii.'i;4a/iiii'; 


,f  1 1 


illnr 


fully    ami    iilnlatiy   hv   .s,i 
.srrilij;  sn   iiinliv   li'iiil 


\  111',', 

I    III 


I     was    wiaiii'il    Willi 


,'IIV     llll 


lis.  ami    niiiaii 


till'  ih'N  il  iiM'i'  till' 


I" 


ll     fnl'tlll'    |1I1WI'I'  nl       .lllil    |il'n|ilii|     liy    II. 
rM'l.llllatimi 


iii.nl 


Iln 


ir  pailniilai  si;,'iis 


w  Im  iii\ili'  piiri  li.i>i'is  Willi  imisy 


A  III -h 


m 


■arts    nr    iaiii.iL;is    an- 


'I'lii'    iiiissimi,  wlilli'  nl    \liakn.  was    |i|irri|    iiinhr  tin-     allnwiil    In  1  iniilali'  in   tin'  sImi'I~,  sIiII    llin   iiinMinrlil, 

I.'   miU    allnwi.l      ami  Ini^lli-    nl    this    ininii'liM'    i.i|iilal.   Is   I'liipaiiil  with 


iin.>t   I'i^iil    sni'M'illai 


mil     |irii|' 


In    visit    It.  "  nailinli         n    rmiininii   .l,i{>ani 


r\  |i|i'-.s|iill       w 


hal 


IS  iinl    w  II  II    III  I  111'   111 


.^l      111 


-IniNni     I,. 


In  siynil'v  linii  ntlirialh       nr  «liiii  I  In'  .ml  lim  il  ns  ilin,i.      \'ii|i|n    slainis   at.    tlir    rxlninity  nl     a    L'ulf.   ni    islii.ii\, 


In  I'liiM'   tlii'ir  ryi's   ii|inii    what    is    ln'iii;;  ilmir   ai;aiiisl     w 


hii'h    is    I.  .1    h 
iw-^    III 


l.s,    I  III'      I. 


r-i'.-l    nf  will.- 


if  llll'   III  V.      'I  111'   waiir   is 


{■"inln      Mlak"     In     ^'iihln     llll'    Inissinn     fnlliiW-i'll     tin'      shall. 


I'nkaiila,  llm  iin  -I  l|-ii|iii  iiliil  nl'all  llin  urnat  lii;^liwa\ 


II    ^'l'l|lln    il-ilf,    hi-l 

lalli 


n'l'  1  i.a>l  111''  \  1 


llll  Iml- 


*lli:i''.-|«a. 


.\l.' 


tin    I 


I  ..-|-   IS  ('|-n-...|'l| 


ill  A: 


Kii'iii|ii 


•.\  llll    liaM'lli'il    fnill'   liliH's   alnii: 


iv  niiiiii  rmis 


l.inL'i-.  llll-  i-hiif  nl    w 


llrll   Is  ralli'i 


I  .Ni 


tills   I'linil 


n-si'its    thai    il    is  ihiilv    tr.ivi'isiil    l.y    n 


1: 


p|'  till'     .1 1  l-i 


if  Jaliaii.  ami  all  I  In'  ;^i-n),'i'a. 
|ii'ii|ili'  than  till'  |iiilil!.'  slli'i'ts  nf  llll'  ;;ri'al  ritirs  ni'  [.liinal  ili-laini  -I  I  In-  riii|ii|-i' iili'  i:\i'il  linintlial  |iniiil. 
Kuin|ii'.       W'l'  (aniint  liiit  iiiia;,'iiii'  t  hal   thi'ii'  is  in  liis,      Iln'    |ii»n    ilsi'il,    wlmii    stiitrhi-s    ni.  n;;    tin'    liay    in    a 


as   111    iiiaiiv    slati'iinnls    ii'iatiiiL;   n 


III,     lillli'tl     I'V 


iki'    sh 


llll',    IS  frmii    lillv  tn  si.Mv  nulls   in  nr 


aLilJirnl  imi     'I'lii'  rliii'f  tiavi'lli'is  siim  In  Im  1 1  in  prii s    I'liiiifi'ii'iiri',  ami  Hin  |in|iiil,ilinii  is  r--linialril  liy  ilitrrniii. 


ami    llnir  siiiti's. 


lis,  I'ai 


W 


larl  IIS    nii'i'l,    .IS    «  Il  II 


h  ki'i'|is   his  riLilit    liaml       Half 


i,,l 


fi'niii   mil'  inillmn  i'i'.^lil    liiim 


is  till'  liltli'  tnwii   nf  .\rra\.   win  it  llin    li: 


lliis  mail     twn  niillnins  ;iiiil  a  half  nf  I 

'■'lllallv     llllill     n 


I'M'i-,  III  Inr 


111  llm.l.-aml    tl 
In    is    lint,    llnW- 

.Mi.'ik.i 


laml-niiii'  a- 


iHia-aka.        It 


iWi'-    r^    llhlnt'li- 


III  11 


III    L'M'al     |.: 


Kii'iniifiT  writtiti  Sininii^i ;  'nmiilirri',  Sii 


.Niis,ik:i 


III  III  Inivi'  Ih'.ii  .l.slin  -ll    liv    till 


iiiiil  l-'M.ii'lii 


Il  .|ii:ii r 


II'   lll'l'sllll' 
llv    nf 


if  I 


11'  >iii'.'iiii-,  ai.it   (lai'l  ly 


llv  Inllnln 


simv. 


IliTi'lllliiT    'S.\      |S,"il         11     I.    ,1, -.iilii.l    :|4    li;ivili/    Milliili    il     Inn 


111  ill;: 

I'l.lllllll'll't'  III'  tlil 


III  II  |Hi|iiilaliiiii  ..f  .sn.niiii.      |i  i^  ilii.  r,  nl  ,.  ..f  iln 


I. I 


Ihi'     fashinli     nf    till'     |K 

ami  tlin f  till'  Vi'lli 

.1    tnW  II      -  W  i 


I'l'S     nf     IJali 
CilVnf    I'l'k 


liii|ii'rial     {lalai  I- 


I-  allnr 


.1     Nimvi'li, 
ill-    a  Inw  II  w  ilhiii 


I'liifn 


llll'    P'.kIh    lillnl'il    ul     .\:lL'.lsilki  Iiml 


tlii'ir  iiiuikt'l  lluitv.     It  if  tiiujoui  I'ur  ita  fuiiuilru'S  nf  c  i|i|i('r. 


ill  ;;nrili'iis  watili'il  l.v  ili  riv.itimis  frmii  iln; 
ivi-r.  Il  laki's  llii'i'i'  Imiii-s  In  walk  rniiml  lli'  iniin'iiai 
inlnniin  .    (Mlii'r  jialiu'is  jiro  gnjinicil  aiiiuml  tlm  bniii* 


I! 


'I     t 


IM 


MA.   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


Ill  tilt'  scivc'i'i>i'4ii,  iiitiiiiic;  wliiiOi  nrc  t)ii>  ri'^iiliiiccs  lA'  llic 
<'iii|ii'('ss.  Ill'  ilii'  iniiii'i's  nt'  liloiiil,  III'  till'  niiii'iiliiiii's.  iiiiil 

111'  till'  rliirl  ii|'i.-i'i>  lit'  ,s|;ili'.  'I'llr  illl|ii-fi;ll  iilrlii.sllfi' 
is    ill    iilli-l'    :l     liill.irr    ;il|.|     ,1     |ilisiiM        ;l    X'i'I'.Sili  IK'S    illlll     II 

li.i.stilli'  — I'l'  ilii'  aw  -  III'  i'tii|iit'lli' life  so  M'Vi'fi^  iiillii' 
liiLflii'i' r.iiiks,  tli.it  ui  li  111  iiiv  III'  till' ollict'i's— lis  wit li 
till'  l.ni'il  ( 'liaiiilii'rliiii  iiini  iitlii'fs  —  lift'  in  out'  I'uiiti- 
iiihiiis  iiiiil  wc.ifisHiiii'  iiii|iri>iiiiiiiriil. 

VII— AlliS  AM>    INDrsTUy  Ob'  THK 
.lAI'ANKSK. 

N'anii  \^  VKi  i>,iii  iiii|iri-ial  I'lwii,  line  lit'  tlic  tiini';:;i't'iit 
I'itii's.  uiili  Vi'il  III.  Stk.ii.  iiml  Oknsakii;  iiml  tlii'i-ctin'i' 
wliat  i'  I'liiiiil  ill  its  shops  ami  lia/aiir  stalls  may  I"' 
t  ikoii  as  a  i^ooij  s|ii'i'iini'ii  of  what  is  ;;ciii'i'ally  to  lie 
fiiiiinl  tlii'oii:{lioiit  till'  ('iii|iii'i>.  At  mil'  stall  our  naval 
iiiis-ioiiarii's  foiinl  miri'osi'o|i(>s  in  iirat  iiioioci'o  cusi's, 
trli'sco|ii'S  iiotiiiil  ill  stllf  |)a|ii'l'  casivs.  slili dials,  iiilfs, 
M' ill's,  oil H'ks,  kiiivi's,  s|iooiis,  ;;iass-lu'a(ls,  triiiki'ts,  niul 
iiiiffors — all  of  iiafivi'  iiiaki'  it|iiiii  l'',iiiM|irili  Mioilrls — 
at  riilifuliiiisly  small  |)i'ii'i's  ;  si, mil  tt'lt'sro|ii's  oiii' 
sliiiliiiit;  1  ii'L,'!' oii"s— i'.|ii  il  t  >  Oollaiiil's —livi' shilling's '. 
{••aiitifnl  t  ilih' il  iiks,  with  opi'ii  works,'  ami  watiT 
|irii.if  |ii|M'i'  oviTi- I  lis  at  riL;liti'i'ii|)i'iii'i'  ciii'li  !  This 
lii'iii:,'s  ii>  to  a  iMiisiiliTalioii  of  .la|iaiifsr  iiiiliistry. 

'I'll!'  .Iaii!i"~i'  ai-i'  an  I'Xi'i'i'ilinu'ly  iiiilnslrioiis  uiiil 
i  lifi'iiiou-  |i  •  i|il"  aiil  ill  fi'rt  liii  m  iinil'acHii'i-s  ari'  .siir- 
|i issi'il  liy  no  nil imi 


anil  faliinct  niak  in'  tuolx,  iiartirnliirly  saws,  inailr  ia 
.la|ii'.ii,  .|iiili'  rinial  to  iiiiy  Knylisli  tools  of  a  similar 
kiinl.  Tlii'V  ail'  cxici'iliiijily  i|iii<  k  ii  olisirvini;  any 
iiii|iriivi'iiiriit  lii'iii|i.'lit  in  anioiii;  lirm  liv  f<iiri);ni'rH, 
Mioii  maki'  thtiiisilvis  ina.stcrs  of  it.  ami  lopy  it  with 
i;irat  skill  anil  rxaitlii'.'W.  Tlii'V  iiii"  M'i'y  txja'rt  in 
(■arvini;  nietiil,  ami  can  "ast  nirl.  I  s'atiics.  I'licir 
io|i|ii'r  coina^tu  i.s  wi-ll  stiini|ii'il,  for  they  arc  f;oiiil 
tlic-sinkcrs;  and  .several  of  their  opi  rations  in  metal 
arc  earrieil  on  in  very  liiru'e  ami  «ell-orilernl  nianti- 
fuetorics. 

U'lxii/. — No  ])eo]ile  Work  lietler  than  tlicy  can  in 
wool]  ami  liamlioo.  ami  they  jiosscss  one  'ii*  iii  whiili 
they  excel  the  woilil:  this  is  ill  laii|iieriii^' Moml-work. 
(Mlur  iialioiis  have  atteiii|iteil  withoiit  .siueess  to  (i|iial 
them  in  this  ile]iartmiiit  For  this  ojieiatioli  tiny 
select  the  finest  woml  of  fir  or  cellar  to  he  covercil  with 
varnish.  They  get  the  eiiin  from  which  llie\  )irc|i;ir(! 
the  ^.ll•nisll  from  the  ilinn  nriii.i—n  tree  which  is 
aliiiiiilant  in  many  ]iait  ol  tliiii  cuiintiv.  On  |iunctiii'- 
ini;  the  tree  the  jiniii  on/i  s  out,  of  ii  liylit  colour,  ami 
of  the  loiisi^teiiec  of  cicalii,  lint  on  ex|iosiire  to  the 
air  ;;io«s  thicker  ami  lilacker;  it  is  so  tians|iiirent, 
that  when   laiil  on  woml,  the  u'raiii  anil  every  mark  on 

the  w I  may  he  seen   tliioiiLih  it       'J  hey  ohviate  thi.s, 

howiNir,  while  it  is  ilcsiriilile  hy  jilaciiij;  heneath  the 
varnish  a  ilark  L'l'oniiil.  one  clement  in  the  ciim|iositii'n 
of  wliii'h  is  the  tine  slnili.'e  caiiL'hl  in  a  troimli  niiilcr  a 
L'rinilstom'.      'I  hey  also  use  for  the  |iiii|iii.--e  miinitely 


.\f,t,iU  -T 


silver,  aii'l.  iieleeil    in    all    tl 
ifiin,    it     i^    s 
cminlrv   i^   ii 


ley    uoik     HI     iron.    iii]i|ier. 


mihl,    anil     liiilveri.seil    ch.iri'oal,  ami    sonietime.-.   i.'o|(l    liaf  l\ 


le    metals   tliev    have. 


I  If     M'ly    line,      'i'liey    then    ornami  nt    the    varnish    with 


.|iiiseil     the     sii|.|ily    alfor.leil     hy     their      lil.'i"''''<   »'"'    Ih'W.  is    o|    ^n 


M 
Il     la 


'II 


lev  inake. 


still    fhcv   have    extraetcil    the     .mhI   thus   v.irnish   seicni 


metal    f 
it    iniii 


I'll   II      ^U  'Il      nil 


as    tliev 


IS,  ihsks,  caskets,  caliinet> 
h 


|l|i"r     IS     \eiv 


isM'ss.    ami    wroiii'ht      other  arlliles,    e.Meeilin^ly    lieautltiil.    of  which  s| 
iliiiiulaut,    ami   tliev     mens  may  he  seen    froin    time  to  time   in   Eurii|ic,   am 


111 


linilersl.lllil    jiel 


ores. 


■I'.Vllv      Wi'll      tlr 


if   Ircatiii''   the     this  eoiinliy. 


It 


IS  s;ilil,  lio«e\  er 


that  the  hest  siieci- 


ainl  |ire|i ariii;,'  the  niel.il   lor  in  irkel  m- lor  iiiaini- 


aielis  are  never  si  111  out  ol  the  kit  i;ili 


ttietures. 

as  yet  iin  levelo|i 


•\,~t^.  ami  |ii'iiu 


lilv   to   an   extent 


(.'/,( 


Tl 


lev    know 


how    to  niake  this  article,  and 


'il  :   th  '  ill' 


to   |irove    lar 

At 


1  i^ll  -    ll'e   IlKelv,    we   till 

lor.iti 


Ilk,     can  niaiiiiliictnre  it  now  for  any  |inr|io.se,  hotli  coloured 


L.'e    on    I'llllh  'f    ami    >'l''lilili'     eX|i|olMtl 


any    rite.    I  li  -ii' 
.s-areity  of  it   lor  t!i  ■ 
Tliev    liivi 


II     11  i\v    to    he    aiiv 


|iar|i 


■>   to    i  illi-il    tlleV   alijilV 


k 


whi,-l 
thit    t 


to,.    1 
I    |ilo  lui' 


>ih'i-     iiini  ■ 
lo.v  to  make 


wliieli     llii'V     wi 


rk.      Till 


and  lion  colonred       Formerly  the\  did  not  know  how  to 

ike    the   (lal    ]iaiie    for  window  jjlass  ;    and    inohalily 

it.      what  they  make  is  an  inferior  aiticle.  as  they  still  ]iiir- 

la.-s    from  the  l)uteli  to  j'liiid  inli> 


chase  thick  mirror 


iliiii  il 


ions  111    111 


•tals 


Il  ■  iillii'iil    ell'e.-l        Tliiinhei-L.'    tl 


,/„ 


This  ihcv  liiaki 


iiev    woik    Willi   m'.'.al 


illl    111    what     tliev     cal 


rfcctioii   llciii   the   tl 


iiid  sonic  say  in  greater 


iinese    can. 


At 


any  late,  sjieci 


thev 


■II.-:       I'll  s  IS  a  iiiixtiiiv    if  L'olil    .111  I    iii|iiier,  whirl ns    we    lia\e    seen    ol     ..aliaiie.se    |iorn  lam    are    very 

fine  hliie     ilclicale  and  I  eantifnl  :  tlioiii;li  some  w  riti  r.--  tell  us.  that, 
Thi'V     owing  111  the  exhaiisliiiii   of  the  lust  clay,   they  cannot 
niannfai  tiire  such  as  thev  onceeoiild. 


Ill-    \MI  11    I  l> 


or  ink.  111  ikiiiL'   II  a 


ir   hl.a-k,  liv   an     nl    iiii 


to    K 


•-leel,    all  I     I'-l 


nil  a'  t  ii'ir  swnr' 


-M; 


I'lis  ailniiraolv. 


Cioi-ks   .and  w.i! 

tlle^e     thev  ale   Hot    ell!  i 


,11-e    aho    Ilia' 


le    liv    tliciii.  Iiilt 


(H  this  thev  make  an  aliiiiidalice,  as  well  for 


ilid   to  the  nieiil  of   invention;     willing   am 


ii'iiitin 


is   lor  laji-lrv,    liaiiilkcrcliii  fs 


thev  havi 


.1    I 


I-  nil    r,i 


niav  hesiilof  liieir  a-l  roniiinical    iii-.lriiineii 


iro|ii'iii    models.      The  .same     lnn  king  cloths  for  goods,  il- 


ll is  i 


ifdill'i 


lint  (iiialiti 


ts  ;    till 


■  me  ol  It  as  M 


ft  and  llexilile  as  oiir  cotton  cloth 


111. I 


ke   very  well   tin;  nielallic   |lol'tiolis  of  tele 


.I'oiii's.  tve 


,te 


Indeed  ihaliisid  for    h;  lidki  n  liiefs  inij^ht    I  e  mistak 


en 


iiiv    niirr.ir  gliissi- 


Iroiii    the 

Isi'S.  Till 


Dull 


ihicli    thev      t'"l'  cloth,   so   far 


lomjh 


id  llexiliililv  ale  coii- 


I  iniif ii'ture     eerneil        I  he  material  ol  which  it  is  n.ade  is  the  hark 

Illl 


grind    iiiio   >iiitilile    leiisi 

e.xe.lliiit    nielallic    mirrors;    and    we   saw    cariieiilcr.s'     of  the  ninlherry   (;»eyv/.v /K/y.^/i/imn.  and  the  ].!(  cess 


Icscrilieil  as 


foil 


ow.s  : —  1 11   I  11  emliei 


'  Till'  .Tapiiii 


ili\iili'il   into   twelve  limirs  iif  iiiu'iiiiiil 


shed  its   leaMs,    thev   cut    i  If  the   hi  am  lies  ahout  tlireo 


after  the  tree  lia.s 
t  th 


lllir.ltinlt,  il' 


1" 

111  lit' il  i\  liu'lil  III- ilarkiu'^s  ill  ciicli 

liitl'iT-,    llliTl'I'nre.     Iriilll   ours;    ill 

Mil' tlir  iliiil  i- I'll  in.'i'il    I'Vi'iv    iiniiitli:   in   iilliers,  tlie  iiiulinn  nl' 


lifiiirui_' 


leiigtl 


il.iv.      till'  iliil  111    tl 


.Ir 


feet    III 


then   liollcd  111  a 


il    tie    t 


II  in    nil  111    lilliiil  es 


th. 


I'V  (if  allies  in  a  covered  kettle  till  tho 


hark 


slirnnk  that  lialf-aii-imh  of  tli< 


e  w 1  niav  he 


ll.c  liamls  is  n.:;iil,iii'ii  liv  an  ii.i.'riiiiiii»  ail:i|itatiiin  of  Hi'iu'lili',  anil      seen    |iroJecliiig    ai    either    o 


d  of  the  111 


AVhi 


iiKnawMl  III  il.TiT.i-i'  1    liiiirlli   anil   |ii'  I'liliiiii 


tins   ilisrr;ii'i.in,    wliicli.  s.ivs  Cai'tnin 


1  .'liK'k  iif     tl 


.'^iiit'ai  il  1  l^liiiMi.  rriMii   its 


ell' 


VUll'l' 


ami   till'   lir.iiUil'iil  w  iriiiiian^iiii  ami  I'liaMii;,' I'l'  tin 


lev    have    liecoine    cool 


111    water    three 


ti'iiiir,  wniilil  liuve  bwii  lui  uiiiiiiin.'nt  aii.)rtln'iL',  was  imljf  piiciil 

at  itliiiul  Hi. 


naked 

lit,  when  the  tine  1 


the   liiirk  is  .striiijied  olf  and 
four  hours  until  it  hci'on.es 
ilfwith  a  knite. 


ilaik  skill  lssera)iei 
Till!  cuiii'iic  hui'k  ii)   thuu  be|iara.lcd  ii'om  tliu  tine  ;   the 


CHINA,  COCntN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


19S 


VHITE  MULBERRV  TREE. 


RAISING   WATER 


new  Ipimih-Im'^  make  llif  rnii>l  |Ki|icr.  'I'll"  Uiiil;  is  llicn 
Ijiiili-il  aii.-iiii  in  t'ii->li  ley,  (•(■iiiiiiiially  stirreii  with  a 
stii-k,  ami  fir^li  watii' t'mm  time  tn  tiiiir  iuiili  il  It  is 
tlii'ii  put  iiitii  ii  sicM'  ami  t.il  i  n  t"  a  luin.U,  ami  liciv 
tlie  liark  is  inn'ssiiitly  htirml  until  it  Ihiuimo  a  tine 
])iil|).  It  is  tliiii  tliiowii  iiitii  \\al<'r  ami  si|iariiis  in 
tli(U'iiriii  nf  iiiral.  'I'lii-.  i>  put  iiitii  a  small  Vr>-.  1  uiili 
a  ilcciiriiiiii  iit'i'iee  ami  a  >piiai'>  nl'  //ilii.^'ns,  ami  ^liiied 
until  il  lias  aitaim'il  u  tulcial.li' cunsisti-m-c.  Il  h  llie^. 
pciiiii'il  inlii  a  liiLii'i"  vcs-i'l,  t'lum  wIh'Iici'  it  is  taken 
imt  anil  put  in  the  t'urni  nl'  sheets  mi  mats  in'  layers  nt' 
gnuss  straw  ;  tlie>L'  slleel^^  aiv  laiil  out  nne  iipiiu  aiioilier 
with  straw  lii'tween.  ami  pnsseil  lotiine  the  «ali  i  init. 
At'ti'l'this  they  are  spreail  iipiai  lwiaiil>  in  the  siin  ilried, 
cut,  anil  f;atliei-eil  into  laimlles  tni-  sale  'I'lii-  paper 
will  lictlei' enihn-e  t'iililiiii;  anil  last   Inii^'i  r  than  laiis. 

Wi'i'i'ii  /■'■ilirir'i. — They  make  silk,  the  lit>t  ul' which 
is  sMpeiiiif  to  that  nf  l.'hina  The  lust  siiks  al'e  wuvell 
hy  eiimiiials  nf  hi!,'li  rank,  who  are  eontineil  npnii  iv 
small,  fiieky,  nnproiliietivi'  islaml.  ilepriveil  nf  their 
prii|ierty,  anil  mailf  .n  snppnit  theiiisehes  hy  their 
lai.'iur.  The  expnftatiun  nf  these  silks,  it  is  saiil.  is 
]i|nliihitei|. 

The  have  hiit  small  skill  in  piiMhtcini;  entlmi  t'a- 
hries,  t  iiiii;;h  siieh  are  minle.  Knr  many  piirpnses  tii 
which  we  ajiply  elnth  of  enttnli,  ihev  use  the  e..aise 
spipiiyy  paper  to  whieh  we  have  alhnleil.  They  iii|uiri; 
wnolleii  elnths,  fur  the  winters  are  eohl  ;  but  «e  helie\e 
they  make  mine.  Imlced  they  have  no  sheep  nr  yn.iis, 
anil  therefnie  laek  the  materials  from  whieh  to  make 
woollen  cloths. 

I,i'(itliir. —  I  hey  ennvert  the  skins  of  certain  animals 
into  this  article  ;  hiil  all  those  who  have  an\  thini.'  to 
ill)  with  the  makini;  or  vcniliiiir  "'•'  leather  are  i.nleai-ts 
from  the  rest  of  the  pn)inlation,  ami  universally  pie- 
scriheil.  Thi-y  never  apjilv  the  article,  as  we  ilo.  to  make 
shoesor  other  coverini.'s  for  the  feet.  They  harilly  ever 
wear  shoes  or  slippcs  that  are  not  maile  of  plaileil 
ritraw.  The  siioiv  are  always  the  sliaM'ie^l  ami  most 
Swkwanl  ]iart  of  the  ilress  of  the  .Japanese  As  they 
ire  of  straw,  they  couseiiuently  list  hut  a  little  time.  | 
vuu  I. 


Hut  tliey  ai  e  iiiaile  In  iiiinieiise  niimhers,  cost  hut  a  trille, 
mill  may  he  hoie.'hi  in  ever\  l.iwn  ami  villa;;e  in  ilie 
I'Mipire  The  peile^liian.  lhi|-,|'.riv.  ilirows  awavthe 
I 'Id  pair  IpV  the  ro:|il  -ide.  and  l.ir,  >  lir«  noes  as  he  i;,,,.^ 
lion-,      Vilille    the     lIMle     p|-i  .\  hli  1 1 1      III  III      takes     two    i   ]■ 

tliiee  pall  -  «  illi  him  nil  si  utile,'.  I  niiiien~e  niimln  i  ~ 
o  ■  I  III  >e  dise.ii-ded  >liM.-^  ni.iy  I'c  Iniind  on  ihe  --ides  n|' 
all  the  rn.ads.  In  uM  ue.illier  lliev  ue.ir  iind.  i-  the 
sline  a  Wnodeli  eln:,',  wldeli  is  attai'hed  In  ilie  In.ii  iv 
ties  of  pl.iiled  st  law  ,  I  >i'_'niiaries  .sone  I  inn  s  «eai  ..-up- 
pers made  of   line  rattan  -lip-  iir.itiv  pl.iited. 

Atjrii-iillnir.  —  .lapaii  i>  \ir\  nioiintainous.  as  we 
have  tdreaily  stateil.  hut  wiili  the  i\.,piinn  of  that 
portion  of  the  eroiiiid  en\erid  ly  the  mail-,  and  hy 
tile  uoimIs  1(  I't  to  -111. ply  tindui-  and  eliarmal,  nearly 
e\er\  loot  ol  ^'rollhd,  to  the  \erv  tnps  of  the  moun- 
tains, is  cultivated.  (•!  annuals  to  a-si-t  in  ciilliiii', 
they   have  the    liorsi-,  o.\.   anil  .a   larije  .-pe.irs  of  liullalo, 

"liii  h   lliey  train  to  draw    i.irls.  .ind  e.irry  hea\\   l: Is 

on  the  hack.  'J  hi  y  plough  u  illi  Imth  the  o\  and  en  <-, 
tlf  milk  and  hiitter  they    mak.'    no    n-c,      \\  Inn    ihey 

cannot  use  cattle  to  plough,  as  oli  the  steep  sides  of 
hills,  men  aie  siihsl  it  iileil  ;  and  sniiietimes  the  plnin;h 
is  laid  aside,  and   all  the  lahniir  in  preparini;  the  ..irih 

is  done  liy  h.'iiid       (Icia'ially    their  .soil  is  rather    | r, 

I'll'  l.\  means  of  the  imnieiise  l.ihoiir  they  1m  -ii.u  upon 
it  l.y  irriLTalion,  ami  cspei-i.illv  hy  the  ii-e  of  ihanures, 
wlihli  llav  umlerstaiid  well,  they  I'.ii-e  \,rv  lar;;e 
ern|.s.  Till  ir  chief  iir.aiii  is  rice,  of  which  tlnv  are 
said  to  produce  the  he-t  in  all  .\-ia  They  aUo  make 
liarley  and  wheat.       'I'he    lir-l     is     .-ed    tor    Iced ini;  the 

cattle,  tl iliri    i-  no!   minli  \aliii  d.  .ind  is  cliii  ll\    Used 

for  cakes  and  soy.  This  last  is  made  hy  fernieiitin;,', 
iiiidei'  i^round,  wheat  with  a  peculiar  kind  of  htan  ami 
.salt. 

Next  to  rice  in  inipolt.ince.  is  the  te.l  plain.  This 
wa- not  ciilliv.ited  ill  .lapaii  hefifc  the  oe^iniiiiiL;  of 
the  ninth  ciiturv.  when  it  w.is  inlrodiiced  froint'hina. 
Immen-e  ipianiitie-  o|  it  are  now  produced,  for  its  use 
is  iiiiImi-.iI.  i'.e-idi-.  Ill''  plantations  devoted  to  it, 
the    h  d^'es   oil    the   t.aiiis    ure    all    oi'  the    tea    p'.aiit. 


194 


ALL   ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


Siclmlil  M.iys,  tlio  tiiicr  kiml^  roqiiiro  great  ciri'  ami 
Hkill  ill  tlir  I'liltivatiiiii  'I'Ih'  |>l.iiil;itiiiiis  arr  situatcil 
aw  t'iir  as  tlirv  I'Miivcnii'iitlv  ran  I"'  iVmii  all  nllicr  crniis, 
ami  IriiiM  all  lium.iii  lialiilatimis,  lest  tile  ciilicac  y  ciC 
lilt'  txa  sljiiii'il  III'  iiii|>aii'iil  liy  niiiukr  nr  any  utiii'i' 
iiii|iiirily.  'I'lu'y  in  iiiiiii'  (lie  plants  witli  ijiicij  anclm- 
\  ics  ami  Willi  tin'  Jiiii't'  pri'ssnl  mil  nl'  iiiiislanl  «'i'i|. 
'I'lii'  lifirvi'sliiii;  is  a  |>riic'i'ss  cif  utrat  nii'i'ty.  I  >l'. 
Sicliniij  lliinks  thai  tlic  ^'I'l'i'ii  ainl  K'a<'k  tra  art'  t'luni 
tin-  same  planl.  alnl  iliHi'r  cnily  in  tin'  liloilc  ut'  pi'cpi- 
raticiii  ;  tliiinirli  ullicrs  liavi'  saiil  tin'  plants  tlii'iiisclvi's 
dilU'i'.  Nrii  lirr,  lidWi'ViT,  arc  cmt  drii-.j  mi  mppiT; 
liny  art*  Imlli  diiril  in  an  ii'mi  pan.  licans  ot'  various 
kiln  Is  art'  pr  ijiici'ii,  ami  smni'  nilni-  \  i'^i'iai>l.s      Scvi-ral 

I'llilili'  I Is  arc  caii't'iilly   ciiltivalf.l.       I'licy    i;i'i>\v    tlic 

iniilliri'i'y  trt'f  in  great,  alniiiilaiiee,  t'nr  llie  sike  ot"  tin- 
silk  wtirni,  iiinl  alsn  till'  iiiakiiig  paprr.  In  lAm  tlidii 
lliey  make  a  coarse  sinjar  t'rmn  tin-  eaiic  ;  in  N'ipon 
they  inaiiiilacliire  it  IVoiii  the  sap  ot'  a  tree.  Onr 
t'aniii  IS  ileeiii  it  a  part  ot'  their  Imsiiiess  to  rear  siieli 
animals  as  we  use  tor  I'ooil  ;  Init  the  .lap.ine-^e  t'.irriier 
is  mostly  a  Itinllhist,  ami  lares  mithing  tor  animal 
I'oml.  riie  I  »iil.  h,  a  L;real  while  ago,  introiliieeil  smni' 
shi'e|i  and  e,,:iis.  .iml  some  ti'W  in  ly  pos.silily  lie  t'oiind 
in  the  kill!.'  II.  It'  attended  to,  thev  would  thrive 
vi'rv  well,  I  llif  reliiiioii  of  till-  n.itives  fmliids  them 
to  eat  llesli,  and  thev  do  not  know  how  to  maiiiit'ietiire 
the  wo.il  and  hair  ;  tieiiee  the  animals  an;  little  \aliie  I. 
They  have,  also,  a  few  hogs,  whieli  were  origin. illy 
lirmiuht  from  t'hina.  They  sell  them  ti>  the  Cliinese 
milks,  which  are  allowed  to  come  over  to  trade.  The 
I  hiiiesc  sailor  has  a  passion  f  r  pork  The  hog  thrives 
uell.  and  liceomes  very  fat  in  .lapan. 

Iliii-hiiillin;',-  in  thisdepaitmeni,  lln'  .lapaiiese  are 
\iry  skilfni.  Thev  possess  the  art  in  a  wonderful 
dt'i.'ree  either  of  dwarling  or  of  nnniliirally  enl.ir.:ing 
all  ii.iiiiral  proilmtioiis.  .\s  :in  i\ideii.i'of  the  tiist, 
may  he  seen,  in  the  niini.itiire  gardens  ol'  the  towns, 
perfectly  m.iliire  trees,  of  various  kinds,  not  more  th.iii 
three  feet  high,  .ind  with  hc.ids  three  feet  in  diameter 
These  dwarf  trees  arc  ol'lcll  placeil  ill  pots.  Fi.soher 
Siiys  he  .saw  in  a  lio\  four  iiiclies  long,  oiie-and  a  half 
w  idc,  ami  six  in  lieii,dit,  a  hainlioo.  :i  lir,  ami  a  plum 
tree,  all  thriving,  and  the  latter  in  I'nII  IpIossoiii  As 
p root's  of  the  l,i>t.  .Mayliew  tells  us  that  he  saw  plum 
trees  cover 'd  wiili  IpIossoiiis.  each  ot  which  u.is  Imir 
times  ilie  size  of  the  ca'diage  rose;  it  piodutcd  no 
fruits  liowcM'r.  lie  also  saw  radishes  weigliiiiL,'  from 
titty  to  si.\ty  pounds;  and  those  of  lifteeii  pounds  wfre 
not  at  all  iincmiimoii  The  tirlrccsare  reprcscnicd  as 
heing  t'orced  to  an  enormous  size  ;  we  :iri.'  told  t'l.it  the 
hranclics  at  the  height  of  scvcii  or  ci,dit  feet  from  the 
gi'iaiiid  are  led  out  soiiicliines  ()\ cr  ponds,  and  slip 
ported  liy  props,  so  tli.it  they  gi\(.'  a  shaih"  armiii  1  the 
tl'ic  I  liicc  hundred  feet  ill  iliameter.  Tin'  ccdir  tree 
is  a  tree  which  reaches  a  ;;reat  si/e. 

Siiviiiiiliim.-  l-'orincrly  the  Japanese  made  voyages 
in  vessels  of  their  own  construction  to  ( 'lai-a.  China. 
.lava.  Koiniosa,  and  other  places  at  .some  dist.ince  frmii 
their  ov.  II  islands  ;  hut  when  the  I'iirtilgiiese  were  cn- 
|iellt'tl,  a  decree  was  made  that  the  n.itives  should  not 
have  the  country  ;  heme  na\ig.ition  dei  lined.  Still, 
sliia't  coasting  voyages  .-ire  ni.idc  within  the  lioiin- 
daries  ol  the  kingdom  ;  and  lishiiig-smacks  go  to  st  a, 
lint  not  Very  far  from  the  coast.  This  coast im;  trade, 
however,  is  large  ;  and  the  Japanese  use  fish  for  food 
^o  e\teiisiveiy,  that  the  niimlier  is  immen-i'  of  thesi' 
trading  lioats  and  liaLiiij^sluucks.      The   Jap.inese  have 


the  conipiMs  ;  nnt  divideil,  however,  into  iis  mmiy  piirtii 
as  ours.  The  construction  of  their  vpssels,  as  to  model, 
is  very  clumsy ;  ami,  as  they  have  .seen  iiml  exuiniiieil 
many  Kuropean  ships,  it  may  secni  strange  that  a  peo- 
ple so  skilful  and  ingenious  should  not.  ere  this,  lia\c 
lmpro\c>l  in  naval  arcliiti  cliire.  The  fault  is  not  theirN  ; 
the  fict  is,  that    liny  have,  in    more  than  one  iiislaiiee, 

\  liiiill  Very  i; I  vessels  after  Knro|  can  n.oilcls  ;  Init  the 

I  law   has   inieifercil,   liu'   a   speciid    ica.soii,  mid    n  I  an  led 

'  improvement    among  u    people  whose    insular   ]iosition 

woiihl   li.iM'  made  them  sailors,  and  whoseipiick  pertip- 

'   lion   Would   have  made  tliclii   good  ones  if  left   to  thein- 

st'Ucs       Their    craft    are,  liy  law,  niade  with    the  stern 

I  open,  so  that  they  eiililiot  Wealjier   an    djieii    anil  heavy 

'  Mil.       The    smaller   ones    licxer.  if  they  enli    lielp    it,  go 

out  of  sight  of  land  ;   and  ipmi  any  thii  ateiiing  appeiir- 

j  aiice  of  rough   weather,  lliey  iiisiaiilly  inn    in    to  imike 

I  a  liarhmir.      The    ol  jet  i    of   this  law  of   ciiiislrnction  is 

to  keep  the  natives  al    linlne 

liitfrmil  I  null'  In/  l.m  il  inn/  W'liti  r  —  This  is  large,  re- 
sulting from  the  \allil\  ol)il  mince  atU'rili  d  hv  ihevarit  ty 
of  climate,  and  frmn  the  imn  ense  |  i|iulat:i>n.  In  iiiaiiv 
places  tow  n  .joins  on  to  tow  n.  und  village  on  to  \  illage  for 
miles.  >o  that  the  loail  looks  like  a  continued  .street. 
Kceiiiprcr  thus  speaks  ol  the  ]o|  illation:  "'I  he  country 
is  imlecd  jiopnloiis  hiyoinl  expie-.'-ion  ;  and  one  wtaild 
scarcely  think  il  possildc  that,  he  ing  no  giealer  than  it 
is.  it  should.  III  \  ei'theicss.  iiiaiiilaiii  and  support  siicli  ii 
Vast  iiumlier  of  inlialntants       The  highway s  aie  almost 

one  colli  iiiiied  111 fvi.lagcsand  lioroiighs.    ^'ml  seaii  e 

coiiic  out  of  one  hut  yon  enter  ;iiiotli<'r  ;  nnil  you  mav 
travel  many  miles,  as  it  weie,  in  one  strict,  withoni 
knowing  it  to  l.c  ci mpo-i  d  of  many  villagi's,  save  liy 
the  (litli'iing  naiiK  s  that  wi  le  fiin  ci  ly  given  tin  in.  and 
which  they  alter  retailn  d  lliiiiij.li  ji  iia  d  to  i  neaiiolher. 
It  h,is  many  towns,  the  i  hii  t  win  n  nl  may,  of  a  ccr- 
t.'iiiiiy,  vie  with  the  iin  st  con>iiliial  le  in  ilie  world  for 
largeness,  iii.'ignilicenee  and  lililnlei  ol  iiiliahitalits.  ' 
Kcempler  says  of  Jeddo,  that  he  was  i  lie  w  liole  day 
ridinu'  at  a  inodcralc  jun  e.  "fliin  Siliiii;aw,i.  where  the 
siiliiirli  liegins.  along  the  n.aiii  sIk  el.  \n  Im  h  go,  s  aeros.s, 
a  liith'  iriciiular  indeed,  to  the  i  ml  of  the  city." 
.\s  to  ihe  v.iricty  of  ilinialc.  the  .-oulheiii  part  of 
the  kili;;dmii  leaches  down  as  far  as  llie  twelity- 
foiirih  deoiee  of  north  l.-ititinlc,  pioilines  tin.'  siiuar- 
c.iiic  .'iiid  the  ti'ipiial  flints;  while  the  noithcrn, 
extending  as  high  as  lilty  dignes,  yalds  the  pro- 
ducts ot  the  tempi  late  Zones  The  Inilier.il  wiallll 
of  the  (ounliy  is  \ery  gnat,  the  inaiiiifactiiics 
numerous;  and,  niidi  r  such  cin  iiin>lanee!<,  the  in- 
ternal tr.ide  an.oiig  so  many  |  eopic  is  neio.s.sarily 
acli\c.  (Mtlie  l.icihiic;.  for  cairying  il  en.  we  remark 
that  goods  are  ciiii\cycd  l>y  land  liy  ji.  ck  horses  and 
pack  o\i  n.  and  that  tic  loads  me  cXi  elli  lit.  and  kept 
ill  .'idmir.il  le  order.  In  the  riiLgcil  and  iiKaintainmis 
parts  o|  the  enuiiliy,  will  re  the  nail  must  ]i.'iss,  they 
ni.ike  it  /:i;/ag  on  the  side  of  llie  nionntain.  and,  w  here 
lieressaiy.  cut  steps  ill  the  rocks  Inoecd,  the  mails 
miisi  lie  kept  in  order,  otherwise  they  could  not 
arcoiiiplisli  what  they  do  hy  their  postal  arraiigeincnts. 
As  anioiig  the  ancient  ^lexiians  and  IVrin  inns,  the 
jiosi  is  pedestrian,  and  'cry  expi  ditimi.s.  Every 
carrier  is  acciini|ianied  hy  a  Jiartner.  to  take  liis  place 
in  case  of  aniilenl.  The  liicii  nm  at  the  top  of  their 
speed,  and.  as  they  approach  the  end  of  their  stiige, 
lind  the  relay  wailiiii,'.  to  whom,  as  soon  as  they  are 
near  enmi^dl.  they  toss  the  lias,'  of  letters,  when  the 
new    viinners    sei    oil'   licfore    the    coining    ones    huvo 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


I9« 


Htopppil.      XotliillCT   must    l)(^    ilitcrpfiscil  tn  ilrluy  tlicrn 

11    iii'iiiu'iit   (III    tlic    riiiid,      'I'lii'    liiitlnst   |iriiii I'  tlii' 

t'iii|iir(',  with  all  Ins  Iniiii,  iniisl,  m^ki'  w;iy  fm"  tin' 
|ii)sl  llli'll.  if  III'  llll'i'l  llli'lll  nil  till'  rnllil  W'lirll^  lU'l'CH 
siil'V  ;iliil  |>l'.ii'tliMlilr.  nil  till'  i'iiikI.  till'  •lM|iiilirsi'  lil.'ikr 
l,'iiiiil  li|iil:,'i'i,  iilti'li  I'f  sImih'  ;  lull  llii'V  ili>  Mill  Mi'i'lll  III 
Ihivi'  ai'i'ivi'il  Ht  till'  iii'l  i>r  nniiii'i'iiiakliiL,'.  Suini'  jiriii 
ri|ili's  lit'  rivil  I'liiillii'i'l-iii'^  tlli'V  llliili'|--.l;illi|  Mini  iijiply, 
liiit  of  iriililaiv  I'liiiiiii'i'iiiii;  llii'V  kimw  imlliiiiu.  I'lit, 
lii'^iili's  tlii'lr  I'iKiils.  ilii'v  ii~i'  tlnii'  I'ivi'i's  iiml  iiiLiiiil 
liiki'-t  t'nr  iiiti'iiial  Ir.nli'  win  rcvii-  it  is  pDssilili' ;  uiiij 
ill  tliiisc  [iiirts  lit'  till'  kiii',"liiiii  iii'.iifst,  till'  M'!i,  |iiii 
lialily  till'  (,'ii'iiti'st  |Hii'l  III'  till'  iiil.iinl  Ii'miIi'  i^  iiiriiil 
im  liy  tliti  livi'i's,  wliirli,  tlioiiijli  sliiiil.  HIT  mmx  inaulr 
for  Soiiii'  mill's  into  tin-  ilili'i'inr.  On  tin'  luail,  in  all 
jMirts  of  till'  i'iii|iin',  slaliirs,  Ira  sliop-^,  iml  utli.r 
ri'stiiii;  plan-' iM-i'iir  al  iiili'i-vals,  atjil  iIh'  ili-.iaiii-i's  aii' 
n'i;iilarly  iiiaiki'il 

Si'ti-iitilir  l\  iinir/itliif  ii.iil  I/.1  A/i/i/ir{(ti  ./iv  \Vi'  liavi' 
jiist  sijij  llial  till'  Japaiiisi'  |iii.-.si'ss  siiiiji'  kimwli'ili;  '  nt' 
till'  pi'iiii'iplis  lit'  cIniI  iiii.'iiii'1'riiii;,  I'Ih'V  kiinw  smiir 
lliiii:,'  III'  ii.allii'iiialli's,  ini'i'liaiiirs.  ami  liiLC'iiiHiii'- 
I  ly.  Tims  lliry  lia\i' ninsiriic  tfl  viTy  l,'iiiiiI  maps  nf 
tlirir  iiwii  riiiinlry  ;  lliry  liivi'  iiii'aslllril  llii'  lii'ii,'lit  nf 
smiii'  iif  tlii'ii'  iiiiiiiiitaiiis  liy  tin'  liainiiii'liT ;  I  lii'V  liavi' 
iiiaili*  siiiiii'  vi'i'v  jjiiiiij  raiials:  lliry  liavi'  rnii-,i  nuli'il 
waliT  mills,  ami  latlii-s  iiinvcil  liy  wain-  pnwrr  'I'Ihv 
iiiaki'  rinks :  ami.  Ihti'Iii,  liv  tin-  way,  tlii'y  liavr  slm^  n 
ri'iiiarkalili'  iii;;i'iiiiit v  ami  skill.  .Mrylaii  yivi's  tin- 
fiil|iiv\  iiiir  ari'iiiiiil  "la  rlnrk  wliii'li  liny  maili'.  ami 
i'\liiliili'i|  111  till-  l>iil<'li.  wliili'  III'  »is  all  iiiiiiali'  nf 
hi'ciiiia.  "Till'  iln.'k,"  .says  In',  ''is  rmilaiiii'il  in  a 
Irami'  lliri'i' fn't  lii;.'li  liv  livi'  Int  Imi','.  ami  pi'r^i'lils  a 
I'.iir  lainlsi'.'ipi'  at   linnntiilc.        I'liiin  ami  rlirrry   Iri'i's  in 

full    lilnssnin,   with     lltlll'l'     Iri'I'S.     ailnril     tin'     fnl'l'ljl'nliml. 

Till'  li.ii'k;;i'niiiiil  i-nnsists  iif  a  liill,  finiii  wliicli  falls  a 
rasraili',  skilfully  iiiiitali'il  in  ylass.  tliat  fnrnis  a 
.snftly-llnwin^  I'lv  iT.  Iii'>t  wimliiii;  I'mimi  rm'ks  placi'il 
lii'ii'  ami  llll'i'l',  llli'll  I'liiiniiii;  ari'nss  tlic  iniililli'  nf  tin' 
lamlsrapi'  till  Inst  in  a  wiiml  nf  lir  tn.'cs.  .-X  Ljniiliii 
sun  liaiiL;s  alnfi  in  tin.'  sky,  ami.  tiiniilii;  iipnii  a  pivnl, 
iinlirali's  tin'  strikiiii;  nf  tin'  Inniis.  ( )ii  tin'  fraiiii' 
lii'lnw,  tlin  l«i'l\i'  liniirs  nf  till'  ilay  ami  iii^iliI  .110 
inarkcil.  wlirii'  a  >ln\v|y-i'ii'i'pinf,'  tmlnisi'  mim'n  as  a 
iiainl.  A  liiiil.  pi'ii'liril  iipnii  a  pliiiii-tri'i'.  liy  its  .sum.; 
ami  till'  I'lappiiii;  i<i'  its  wiii!,',s,  aminimi'i's  llii'  iiinnii'nt 
wlii'li  till'  liniir  i'.\piri'S.  ami,  as  tin'  snii;^  rrasrs.  a  lu'll 
is  licani  to  sdiki'  till'  Innir.  iliiriiii;  "  liu-li  npi'iatinii.  a 
niniisi-  rnini's  niit  ni'  tin'  ui'nttn  ami  niiis  nvi'i'  tin'  liill. 
*  *  *  *  Kvt'i'y  si'paiMti' part  was  niri'ly  cxi't'iiti'ii ; 
liiit  till'  liiiil  was  full  laif,'!'  fnr  tin'  linr,  tin'  siiu  fur  tin- 
sky,  whilst  tlii'  iiiniisi'  .sciliil  tin'  mniiMtain  in  a  mnmi'iit 
nf  tinii'.  Wliatevi'r  may  have  Incii  tin'  ilrfrits  ni'  it, 
the  iiiL,'riiilit.y  ami  taste  ill  this  pirn'  nf  linTliaiiisin  arc 
vi'ry  apparent.'' 

A  far  uinri'  I'l-cilitalih'  iiistancf  of  thi'  iiii;('iiiiily  ami 
talent  nf  a  Japaiii'.si'  tisliernian  is  relateil  in  the  |)iilrli 
iiiiiials  nf  Di'oima.  It  iiiiiirreil  iliirinij;  the  presiileiiey 
of  Mr.  hiielf.  The  Diiteli  at  liatavia.  iliirini.'  the  war. 
li'areil  the  Kii;;lish  I'inisrrs  Inn  nnn-h  In  si  ;,il  nin'  nf 
their  nwii  ships  nil  the  aiiiiii,''  \  nya;;e  tn  •lap.ili  ;  they 
therefnre  iimre  than  mie.'  hiieil  .Vmerieaii  \i'-.-il>.  t  Mie 
(if  these  haviii;;  taken  in  ai  I  )i'cima  the  iisiial  earun  nf 
fnpper  ami  iaiii|)lini'.  as  she  si  t  mil  at  ni^^lit,  strink 
iipnii  a  rnek  in  the  hai'liniir,  lilli'il,aiiil  sunk.  The  eiew 
reai-ht'il  the  slmie  in  Im.ils.  ami  1  he  am  Imrities  nf  N'ai.'''i 
saki,  the  Dutch  faetniy.  ami  the  Anieiicaii  captain. 
were  nil  alike  coiicerneil  to  devise  iiieaii.s  of  raising  the 


vessel.       ,)apa?lose    ilivf>rs    WPPo  S^nt    ilnwn    to    fetch  \l|) 

the  ciippi'i'.    liiit    the   c phiii'    |i;ii|    ili^siiUcil,    ami   I  ho 

etlliivia  thus  ilisi'iijiiyi'il  cn>t  Iwn  nf  the  (livers  their 
lives.  The  iilca  of  uiilnailiiit.'  her  was  then  aliainliiiicil. 
Mll'nrt.s  were  then  inaile  In  raise  her  as  >lie  w.is,  lint 
wilhniit  sucn'>s  .\  simple  tishi'i'inaii.  naiiieil  Kisiinniii, 
wild  miw,  perhaps,  fur  the  tiist  lime  in  his  lilc.  saw  a 
Kiil'npeaii  iiiiilt  ship,  for  he  iliil  Iml  live  in  Nagasaki, 
proiiiiseil  to  lai'^e  the  ship,  pmviiliii''  his  expi  lists  in 
i|niii;{  it  were  piiil;  if  he  iliil  i,nl  siii'ciiil.  he  askeil 
liothiiiL;,  lie  was  l.niirheil  at  hy  the  pi'n|,|,'  !,,i'  his  pic. 
siiinplinii;  Iml,  us  the  case  was  Impch  .>.  ||,,'  pcnpj.' 
inlcreslcil  pcrinilleil  him  tn  inaKc  the  aMimpt.  .\< 
liiw  tiile,  lie  f.islelieil  on  the  siile  nf  I  he  \  c-cl  lifleeli  nr 
seventeen  linals  tnijetlier  lirmly  hy  pi nps  ami  Slavs 
lie  then  w.ntcil    fnr  a    spriie,' t  iile,  when  he   eaiiie  in   a 

.lapiiicse    ( -.tiiii;  \e>M'l,  w  llii  h   he    at  lachcil  lirnii  v  tn 

the  siei  n  nf  the  sunken  ship,  ami  at  llie  iimincnt  the 
li'le  was  hiiihcst  he  set  every  sail  nf  e\  irv  Imal.  The 
.■-iinki'li  vessel  w.is  lilteil,  (li.si'iii,'ai.'ci|  IVnni  the  rnek,  ami 
w  IS  Inweil  hy  the  li-licrmali  In  the  sllaml  where  she 
cniilil  lie  unlnailcil  ami  repiircil,  i''ia>sini's  sav.s 
he  was  hamlsonicly  rcwanlcil  for  this.  The  rcnlcrs 
will  he  aliiu~i'il  to  learn  that  his  lewanl  idiisisliij 
in  heim^'  allow ci I  to  wear  two  saliics(w  hich  is  the  hailye 
nfelcvalcil  r.iiiki.  ami  In  heir  nii  his  cn.il  nf  ainisK 
Ihihli  hilt  mil  III-:)  Ihi'rit  liJiii.  II,  I. iji.  s.  \\eha\i'  lie\ir 
rcail  in  any  naiialive  nf  tlir  cir.  iinistance  that  liii 
rcceivi'il  any  iiiuf //  In  suppi.il  his  rank.  The  |)iilch- 
maii  ami  the  Ainerican  captain  slnnilil  have  foiiinl  that. 

Iftlie  circunist.iiices  hcl  I n  chan-c'l.  ami  cither  llnl 

lamler  nr  ^  aiikcc  ha'l  r.iiM'il  I  he  m-^m  1  Im  the  .la  pa  nose, 
il   «niili|  \ci\  sunn  have  heen    intin.alcil  tn   the  natives 
that   twn   swnnis,  with   the   picture   of  a  l>ulih  hat  ami 
two    tiiliacc.  pipes,    all'nl'ile'l     M'ly    in.'nlcipiale    i'niii|pi'li 
satinii  till'  .sinh  a  vahiaiilc  service. 

.l/i(//('///('.  —  .Ml  the  wiileis  nil  .Japan  lILlee  in  the 
slllclllenl.  thai  nil  the  vi^it  of  the  |)lllih  plc^iilellt  to 
\  eililn,  his  l'!iirnpeau  pliy>iciaii.  w  Im  accomp.iiiieil  him, 
was  always  \islteil  hy  the  n.itive  physici.ins,  ami  eloselv 

ipiestinlicil  on   pniiils  purely   pinfovi, 1,       Tlnir  nliject 

was  I  1  (.'in  iiifnrni.itinii.  Hut  thes  alrcu'lv  kimw  .soiik!- 
ihiii:;.  liny  have  imt.  hnucMi',  av.iileil  themselves  of 
/mil  ninrii'iii  I'X.'iiiiinalions  either  to  investieale  ili.seiiso 
n|'  In  sillily  an  ilniiiy.  We  cannnt  Mippnse  that  tliev  are 
wilhniit  nppnilunilics  nf  thus  ,ici|iiiiiijLr  kiniH  Icilj,'!',  fnr 
we  reel  that,  aflcr  a  eiiiniii.il  i>  cmtiiIi  .1,  it  is  nni  nn- 
cninninn  fnr  his  hmly  to  he  iiacknl  inin  pieces  hv  the 
yniinir  iinliiliiy  that  they  may  try  I  he  eili;e  ami  teinpcr 
nf  their  swni'illilailcs.  lint  snpcr.'.tiiinn  is  in  the  wav; 
'11  eollie  ill  I'niitaet  with  the  ilcnl  i^  (Icemecl  pnllulioli. 
Without  such  i'.\amiiialinns,  it  is  nli\  imis  thai  thekiiow 
Icili,'!'  nf  the  pliy.-iciaii  ami  siir;,'eiiii  mii.-'t  he  imperfect 
at  iiest. 

There  are.  Imwcver.  in  .lapati,  nriuiiial  imilical  wrnks 

islaiilly  appe.'iriiiu'   ami  traiislatiniis  are  also  iiiaile  of 

all    such    as   I  hey    can  nhtaiit    in    the    hutch    laneuai,'!', 

which    they  I'csl    umlcr^t I.      The   Mumpca cilical 

1,'entlcmeii,  w  hn  h.ivc  cume  in  cmitact  with  their  prn 
Icssioiial  lircthre  I  nf  .Jap.ni,  repnrt  f,i\nur.ilily  nf  them  ; 
.'iml  Mr  Sii'linhl  ^pe.lks  with  liii,'li  pi.iiM'  nf  the  zeal 
with  which  the  native  ph\  siciaiis  thrniii.'i'il  arniiinl  him 
liniii  all  parts  nf  the  empire,  scckili!,'  tn  1  iilarye  the 
stnre  nl  tjicir  kimwlr.U,.  ||,.  l„.;ir.s  testiiiioliv  also  tn 
their  iiilcjlii^eiicc.  as  ,.\iii,-,  ,|  l.y  the  ipie>liiins  they 
askeil.  .Vciipniicturc  mnl  nmxa  linrninL.'  are  hnth  iiseil 
in  .l.ipiu.  ami  arc  n.-itive  invi  •'linns.  rinv  iiave  an 
niigmal  irealisu  ou  the  lirat   and  the   proper  ea.sc;'i  for 


1 


'  I' 


V  I 


'I  ill- 


I     I 


198 


ALL  ROUND  TEIE  WORLD. 


it«  us«^.  Tlirir  (lriiir<  nro  ninntly  aiiiiiml  ainl  vcurtiitili' ; 
tlicy  iiri'  1 1  "I  litlli'iii'i|iiiiliiti'(l  with  1  liiiiii>ti  V  to  vi'iitiiii' 
iipiin  iniiii'ial  ri'iiic'ilii'M.  'I'liiy  si  inly  incilii'.il  l>iiliiiiy, 
liiiwt'vi'i',  with  ^'I'l'iil  iitli'iiliiiti,  jinil  llicir  ri'iiiriiics  mi' 
s;iicl  t(i  III'  uniiiMlly  I'lliciuimis.  Sdtnn  <it'  llii'ir  iiicili 
liiml  |iri'|i.iiMlinii-i  mr  vi'iy  ii'limikalilr,  |iriiilii('iiit,'  most 
Niii;,'iiliir  flli'i'ts.  Of  llii'si',  (lii'ic  in  nim  H|inkrii  liy 
TitHiii;,'!!,  will)  Haw  itM  n|i|ili('iitinn  uml  h.n  ('iiiihi'i|iu'||('i'.h; 
.iii'l  I'luiii  siiim' iifllu'  iillii  ri's  iit'our  own  fxprililinn  wc 
li:iM'  lii'iiil  lit'  tlii.t  |iri'|i:initiiiii,  lit'  wliicli,  «!' lii'lii'Vi', 
tlli'y  li:iM'  limilnlit  ll'iliU"  s|iri'illirlis,  'I'ilsilijjll  tliUS 
writfs :  — ■•  In^ii'inl  nt'  im  lnMiiii,'  tin'  limlirs  ut'  tlii'  ili'.ul 

ill  i'iil)il|s  lit'  II  lrliL,'lll  Mll'l  lilr.lillll  |il'n|i<i|'li<i|liltr  to   till' 
-lilill'r  mill  liiilk   111'  till'   lirri'Msi'il,  tliry  Jiliiic    till'  liiiijy 
ill  a  tiilii' tinri'  t'l'il    liiu'li,  twii   t'i'i'l   mill  a  liall'  in  ilii 
iiii'li'i' at  till' |ii|i,  aihl    t.\ii   t'l'i't    at    tin'  Imttiiiii.      It  is 

illtlii'llll    til    I'nMl'rivi'     ImW   till'   ImmIv    III'   U     UI'ilWII     |ll>l'Mi|l 

I'aii  III'  r(iiii|iri's>i'i|  into  s<i  small  a  spni',  wlirii  tlir 
liiiilis,  ri'iiili'i'i'il  I'i^'iil  liv  ili'iiili.  r.iiiiiiit  111'  lii'iit  in  any 
way.       Till'    .l.i|iiiii'si'    til   wliuiii    I     liiaili'    this    iiIim'i- 

\atiii|i,    tnlil    nil'    that    tliry    |iiiii|ii 1    tin'    ri'^iilt.    Iiy 

nirmis  i;t'  a  |iarti>'illal'  jMiwilt'i',  riHr<l  i/n.iiii.  wliiih 
thi'y  intiMiliiri'  inti  tlh'  i'mi's,  nn^lrils,  ainl  niinith 
III'  till'  ili'i'i'asi'il,  iit'tt'i'  vlili'li  till'  linilis  all  ut  (iini' 
ai'unirril  astii|ii>liinj{  (li'Mlnliiy.  As  tliry  |ii'iiini>iil 
111  |iirtiirMi  tlu'  ('X|ii'riiiii'iit  in  my  iutsi'iu'ii,  1  wuiiM 
nut  (111  iithrrwiM'  ihaii  Mi-|iiinl  my  Jinlniin'iit,  li'si 
1  shiiiilil  riiinli'iiin  a>  an  alisuiil  liitinn  a  lai't 
whii'h,  imli'i'il,  Mir|i.i>--rs  mii- nmi  r|i  inn,  Iml  may  vil  In' 
Mi^ri'|ililpli'    nt'    a   |ilaii>ilili'   r\|il,uial inn,   r~|ii'i-i.illy   liy 

i,Ml\anisni.  tin' Iri  rlltlv  ill-rnM'li'il  iMlirtsnl'  wllii'llalvl 
a|i|iialri|  In  t'\r  r.ltin'  linlllnls  iil'  ii  .iliilily.  Tin' ex 
|ii'i'imi'iit  ai'ni'<liiii,'ly  tnnk  |il.iri'  in  th<  ninntli  ol't  )('tnlii'i', 
IV^.'I,  will  M  till'  inl'l  was  [iri'tly  scvi'i't'.  A  ymini; 
I  Mitrlniiaii  liaviiii;  iliiil  in  nni'  t'li'Inry,  ut  Uocima,  I 
ilili'ftril  till'  |iliy-ii'i,iu  to  ciilsi'  tin-  limly  tn  111-  «a>lii'i| 
ami  h't'l    all  iii^ilil    rsjui-i'il  tn   thi'  ail',    nil  a  talilc   iiiai' 

ll |ii'ii    wimliiw,  in  oi'lrr  that  it    iiiiL.'lit  lirrnini'  cniii- 

I'li'li'ly  stiir  Ni'Xt  innrniii',;  si'vriiil  .la|iain'si',  smin'  nf 
llii'  nllifiTs  111' niir  t'ai-tniy  ami  liiysril',  wi'iit  tn  cxamini' 
till'  c'iir|isi',  wliirli  was  as  hard  as  a  jiii'i'i'  nt'  Wnml.  ( Inr 
111' thr  inti'r|iri'tiis,  naim'il /I'lihy,  ilri-w  I'rniii  his  Imsnm 
a  «(((/.»'/,■  nr  |Hnkrt-l)nnk,  aiiil  tiiiik  lint  nfit  an  olilnn^r 
|ia|M'r,  lilli'il  with  a  inaivi'  |inwili'i',  ii'si'mliliii;|  .sami. 
This  was  tliL'  t'aiiiniis  i/ii\iii  |iiiwilii'.  Ili'|int  a  |iim  h 
iiitn  till'  cars,  aim!  1 11 'I'  iiiti  tin'  mistrils  ainl  a  thin  I  in  In 

till'  nniiith;  iiml   |ii' ntly,  whcllu'r   fi'nm  tin'  I'll'fils  nf 

this  ill  ll;;,  nr  Miini'  tlii'k  wiiicll  I  (.'nlllil  Imt  iIiIitI,  thr 
arms  wliii  li  ha'l  In'l'mv  lii-i'ii  ci-nsMil  nvi'i'thi'  lp|i':i>l. 
ili-n|i|n'il  nf  tlii'm--rl\rs,  ami  ill  lc^s  than  twenty  niinuU's 
liy  tin,' wali-li,  tin'l'ily  rfruMTcil  all  it>  ih'Xiliilit v. 

"  I  utti'il'iitril  I  Ins  jihcnnin.'iniii  to  thcai'linn  nf  .-.omi' 
siilitli'  |)oisnn,  Imt  was  assnrcil  that  Uw  <ii'si'i  piuilir, 
sii  tar  fl'nin  lirin^  |inisnni'HS,  was  a  n,  .,;  cxirllriit 
iiii'iliiiiii'  ill  chilillH'.irinj;.  fnr  tliM- isi'S  of  tin'  I'yis,  ami 
fur  other  malailirs  An  infnsinn  nf  this  |iuwili  r,  t  iki'ii 
even  ill  pL'rli'ct  health,  is  saiil  tn  liavi-  viiliii's  wliiili 
caiisi'  it  tn  1)1' in  ;{ii'al  rii|iii-.-t  aiiinn^  tin' .);i|i:iiirsi' ofall 
r lasses  ;  it  I'ineis  the  s|iiiils  ami  relleshes  ihi'linilv 
It  is  carefully  tiiil  iijiin  a  while  cinth,  ai.il  iliiiil  alter 
heiiii;  uw-'il,  as  it  will  serve  a  ;.'ieat  nnnilifr  nf  tiims 
witlnnit  losiii;;  it?  virtues.  The  s  ime  iiilii>inn  is  L,'iNeii 
In  jienjile  of  iiiii.lily  whin  at  the  |iniiit  nf  ilialh  ;  if  it 
lines  lint  ]irnlniij,'  life  it  |ire\i'iil^  ili;niity  nf  tin!  liinlis. 
ami  the  Imiiy  i*  nnt  ex|in-ei|  tn  the  iiiile  lian  llini^  nf 
pl'iife.ssiniial  pirsnlis,u  eirellinst.iliec  of.sniilc  c'iil..sei|1leliec 
ill  a  enunlry  where  rcs|ieet  fnr  the  ileail  is  earricil  even  ' 
to  excess.     J  iiad  the  ctiriosity  to  prnenro  sniiie  of  this 


I  piiwiler,    fnr  which  T  was  nlilii;pil  tn  seinl  to   tliijeo,    or 

lIleNinc  I'lnvinces,  tn  t  he  temples  nf  I  lie  Sim  Inns,  which 

1  eiijiiy  the  eXi|ll-iM'  sale  nfit     lii'e,iii>c  they  piaelise  the 

I  iliictriiii' of  Kslinw    |)ai;si,   its   iiiveiilnr       The  ipiantity 

nlilailleil,     ill    cnlisciplellce    nl'   my   til'st    appi  ical  inn,    was 

Very  small,  ami  even  this  was  a  speci.il  laMmrof  the 
piicsls,  who,  otherwise,  never  part  with  tunic  than  ii 
siiiulc  pinch  at  li  t  me."  Til^iliu'h.  hnwcNcr,  olitalm  i|  a 
consiileialile    ipiantity    ufleiwaiils.    whiili    lie    caiinil 

I  lioiiiu  with  hi  III  ill  I  7M.  1 1  has  thcappcal'mieeof  Miml, 
mill  when  it  is  pcrfecteil  lor  iise  is  as  w  hite  ns  snow. 
It  is  oliiaiiieil  on  the  iiiniiiitain  of  Koiisn^cii  or  Kin- 
hcnscll,  ill  the  |il'n\  luce  111'  Vainolto,  where  tlieie  are 
in.iiiy  iniiies  ii|';,'n|i|  .'iml  >ilMr.      The  process  hy  which 

!  it  is  plepurcil  is  the  scclel  nf  IIicm'  piie-ls.  'I'hcir 
knn«lecli.'e  is  ilniilitlos  the  loult  nf  acciilelital  i'.\- 
pericine,  for  their  ucipiainlame  with  clienii>liy  is  mi 
>lii,'lil  that  we  may  >alely  cnnclmle  they  iln  nnt  iiinlcr- 
>l.iiiil  the  ratiiiii.ilc  of  ils  picpaiatinn 

j  Astr  iiiiini/.  ■{[[  this  Ncicnee  tiny  have  iiiinle  very 
I'liiiNiihralile  pinlicieiicy.  They  nmlcr^lainl  I  he  ii-.e  of 
Kili'npean  iii^ti  iimeiils,  uml  liavo  caiiscil  iiian\  nf  tlnni 
to  he  very  smiosfnlly  imitateil  liyiialiM'  wnikmen. 
.Meylaii  says  he  saw  jjooil  telescopes,  clnniinmelcrs, 
thei'mnmetcr.s,  mill  liaiiaiieti  is  inailc  Ky  •lapaiicse 
mech.allic.s.  They    cihillate    eclipMS  in  cuiately,    ami 

yearly  alinmiaisme  pnpareil  in  the  Veil  in  ami  liaiiic 
ciille;,'es.       {..ilamlc's    tle.ili>es    ami    other   asll'nhnliiical 

Works  liiuul n  tian-laii  i|  tmni  jiiitch  into  JapaiiiM', 

.Mill  are  .-Imlicil  with  ;;icat  milmir.  They  havi,  in 
tlieii  ili\i>i..n  of  lime,  a  cmIc  of  sixty  years,  calcni.ileil 

nut  nf  their  znili.ic,  which,  lik ii-;,  has  twehe  si^iis, 

ililliliii:;  fmni  mns  hy  their  namc^  only.  j'liil  tlii>  i> 
nnt  the  place  In  ciiii>iilcr  miiiiitely  tlnir  .i.-l  I'nmiiiiic.il 
system.  We  caiinnt  Icixc  it,  linwcMr,  witlmnl  the 
I'cinai'k  til  It  on  a  coiiip.'ii'isiiii  of  it  wilh  that  nf  the 
Mnisias,  an  mnicnt,  .semi  tivilisiil,  mnl  nnw  extinct 
race  that  nine  inhalnleil  the  plains  nf  Uniinta.  in  New 
(■ranaila.  lln-  rcM'mlil.iie-es  were  sn  slrikiiii;.  llial  liny 
|irnilmci|  nil  nni'  miml  a  cnir  ici  mi  thai  the  a>irniin- 
liiiial  sy>lelii->  of  the  Iwnpcnple  were  Mihslain  '  .";  .'.  v 
same. 

\  lil.-.IAP.WI'lSK   l.!TI';i!ATIl;r,    ANI>    AliT. 

TlIK  character  nf  art  exhihitcil  in  I  lie  .lapam  nc  illiis- 

Iraicil    I ks   ami    their   |iicliires,    remiinls    ns  of   the 

ilc^i^iis  (in  one  cnlnnri  iipnii  the  Ml  niacin  mims.  'Ihe 
same  simplicity  of  cxprosinn  mnl  snhi  iiicv>  nf  cnlniiiiiii;, 
the  .same  iimxl  r.n  aijaiil  expres-imi  of  ii.itnre.  One  of 
thesi'  sp'ciiniiis  is  a  wmk  in  tw,i  vnlmiics.  written  liy 
llnf  J'riine  ILi\a-lii,  a  In  L;n|i.ilnr  nf  the  Aineiicail 
Treaty.  The  sulj.  ct  tiealeil  nf  is  "'I'he  I'nints  of  a 
Iloise. "  ami  the  wnik  is  illiisir.iti  ll  hy  a  Iiiile  niimlicr 
nf  pictures.  These  illiistratiniis  me  tmm  wnmlcnts  of 
linlil  niillliie,  ami  apparently  prii  Icil  wilh  a  tint  t< 
ilislini;iiish  each  in  the  xariniis^rniip-,  nf  t  he  animal.^  hy 
sillier  .i.'1'ays,  nils,  ami  lilack>.  The  st\le  niiehl  he 
cla>se.|  as  tli.il  if  the  im-ilia'N  ,il,  ami  the  In  ises  mi;;ht 
pa>s  flic  tlm^c  ^kl•lcllel|  ill  ilic  lime  of  .Mliiit  Jliinr, 
tliniiuh  »iih  a  iiinre  rigid  ailhereiice  to  iiatiiie.  They 
exliiliii,  what  may  he  iinticed  in  the  l'.l;,'in  marliles,  a 
lirei'd  nf  small  stntiire  and  lin.'ly-fnriiicd  liiiiKs,  such  as 
are  fiiiiiid  in  smiihcin  cnimiiiis.  The  animals  aro 
leprcseiilcil  ill  \arinus  at  I  itiides,  enrvettimr,  pimlinllinj;, 
ami  rnliiiii;  upon  the  U'lnnnd,  pnsitiniis  icipiiriiif;  .•iiid 
exiiiliiliiij;  ail  aliil  ty  in  fnro.shorteiiiii!;,  which  isfmiiid, 
with  no. small  surprise,  in  Asiatic  art. 


i  I 


CHINA,  COCHIN   CHINA,  AND  JAPAN. 


197 


A  .lM|iilMi'-<r  iirli.st,  i'MI|i|ciy('il  to  ilrilW  a  net  nl' siTiths, 
will  iiiiiki'  iiii  skrii'li,  liiit  (li'iiuat  iiiici'  tli«  Mii'iiiiiH  |Hi|'- 
tinliM  lit'  llii'  liill<Urii|M',  |>lltlili>,'  ill  llollsi'.t,  Nliijw,  licil-Ki'M, 
trci'H.  Iiirijx,  iiini  lit  tiiiK'M  piiinliii^  in  loliii^i'  willi  two 
lil'llslii's  ill  olir  lialnl.  'I'lir  I't'Mlll  will  l>i'.  Iiol  ii  |iriicllli'- 
liiili  III'  l|j.;|l  .'lit,  lull  a  lllllcll  lii'tti'l'  s|iirilllrll  of  ol'liil- 
lili'lit  il  sri'i'i'ii  lliiiii  till'  liiii^t  |irrti'lllii'lis  lit'  mil'  iimiiU- 
riii'liiriiiL;  rsiiililisliiiii'Mis  liini  mit.  In  liiirMr  ilriiw  iii^ 
till'  .l;i|'Mlii'>i'  I'Xi'i  I.  'I'lif  rlii.'ilii'S  of  till'  stiiilii  limit-*. 
Aiiiii'irMii  mill  Kii;;lisli,  win'  rrliri"liiri'il  nt  oini'.  Iiy 
ili'iiw  iiii.'n  ill  tnii'  |irii|iiM'tiii|i,  111'  till'  wlii'li'  I'liLjiiii', 
with  its  wM'I'iil  |iiirts  |i|ip|'i'i  ly  |iliirri|. 

A  liiilii'  li'  Hull'  illii-li'ilril  priiiirr,  |iiii'i'liiiM'>l  III  a 
lil'okcr'x  shill  t'ol'ii  l'i'«  (  lillii'M'  ciilil"'!'  "r:i>ll,"  >lii.'i,'i'hl-i 
iniiiiy  |iiiiiits  lit'  iiili  i'i"*l.    Its  illii>lriilii>ii>  slmw  a  kimw 

Inl;,'!'  Ill'   |icl's| IIm'.       'I'Iii'I'i'    is  a   lilllriiliy   |i|'rsi'llli'il  ill 

aii;;illiii'  lM'l's)irrlivi",  willi  lis  nil'ti'ls  |ilari'il  ill  strii'l 
acnil'ilalii'i'  willi  lii'  ]ii'iiiri|i|i>  nt'  trlliillial  ilii;  llii'  |>rl' 
sjii'i'tivr  lilies  ill  a  \  alii^iiiii;,'  |iiiiiil  iilii'U|i||y  ill  tin- 
liori/.iiii.  Ill  aiHillii'r  iiai,'!'  i>  a  liiiiiiuriiiis  Taitai'  llir 
rules,  a  •faiiaiieM'  .'>t.  I'alriik,  xaliaiilly  li|'aiiili>liiii^'  his 
swiinl,  ami  eleaiilii;  the  lalnl  nl'  siiakr^  anil  i'i'|ililis. 
A<.'aiii,  here  is  a  ijiiainl  nlil  shi'|iiiian,  |>i'ri'iii>r  llii'nii'^li 
a  pair  'if  s|iei'lai'li's  .sHiek  ii|ii'ii  his  nn.se,  ami  i.'i.ciii' 
rxarllv  like  the  iliililile  eVe  Lllasses  now  so  lilshinliali!i', 
«ithniit  ,'iny  >ii|i'-\vii'es  In  ki  ip  thiiii  mi  the  heail,  a 
lilassyliilie  ol'  ti>h  watehe'l  hy  a  I'll,  a  rmiple  of  rhiir- 
iiieii  simikiiii.'  their  pipe-,  a  piii|'i'»"r  ot'  phi'i'iiiil"L;y 
ineasiiriii^'  the  liiiiii|is  on  halil  Inaileil  ili>i'iples  \\  il  h  a 
pair  of  eoinpasses,  ami  other  pietiires,  eshiliilin;;  liolli 
laste  ami  hiinimir,  ahoninl  in  this  eliilil's  lionk.  We 
lia\e  none  siieh  al   lioiiii',  at  siii  h  a  prire 

liooks  are  to  lie  .seen  ill  all  the  sliop.s — cheap  ele 
nientary  wrnks,  ami  popular  stmy-liooks  or  novels. 
The  people  are  iiniMr-ally  tantiht  to  read  ami  lire 
eai^'er  lor  inlornialimi.  I'Miii'alion  is  ilili'iiseil  throii;;li- 
out  the  enipire,  ami  the  womhii  .share  in  the  inlel- 
leetiial  aiKani'i'iiii'iil  of  the  nun.  The  liii;lier  elas.ses 
of  the  .lapani'.se  are  Hot  ii.'nor.int  ol  the  ;,'eiii,'i'.'ipliy 
ami  eonteinpoi'.'iry  histmy  of  the  list  ol'  the  woilil, 
ami  I'ollhl  speak  with  knowle'l^'e  of  I'.-iili'oails,  tell'- 
graplis,  pliiilof,'raphs.  I'aixhaii  i,'iiiis,  ami  sleainship.s.l 

'  On  til.'  il.'|iurliirr  ..f  ll.e  I'liiiliii-y  Innii  tlii'  ll:iy  nl  Viililn.  a 
stoiiui-\H''lit,  Itr-'atrlil  I'MT  as  a  pi'i-cnl  l.'i'  tlii'  l'aii|ii'r"i'  fnitii  the 
(Jiii'i'ii  of  l*'n.jlaiitl.  \\:is  li;iiitl''i  ii\iT  t"  till'  ,l.i|'aii<  SI',  and  "  u'"t 
slowly  aiiiiiT  \vi'i:^li,  roiiiniiiii'tril  liy  a  .Iii|'!itirsi'  i-.ii'tain,'  uiainn'il 
I»y  .litjiaiH'-i'  sal. Ill's,  ninl  lirr  iiiai'liiiiii'v  wnrKi'il  liy  ,l;i|i.iiii'*i' 
rii^iiiriTs.  N(it\\i;listainliti;r  till' lii'i'l/iintal  r\ Ita.li'r-i,  ami  ntlier 
lati'sl  iiii|irnvi'ini'iils  willi  wliirli  lirr  eiigaii'S  Here  liltril,  I  lie  iniii 
luiil  li'aiiil  llii'ir  lisMia  will,  ami  iveie  I'liiitiileiil  in  lln-ir  pi.wi'rs. 
We  sleanie'l  irallaMtly  llifi.ii.;li  llie  lleels,  tlie  ailiniiatimi  nl  all 
lieliolilirs,  wlii'ilii'i'  llrilisli  nr  ,la|'aiii'M'.  "  .Nut  tlie  li  .ist  reinark- 
alile  jiarl  iil'  this  ilay's  iluiiiL's,"  savs  ('ajilaiii  Sin  rani  (Klmrii, 
"was  the  iii'iviiti;  ami  wnrkiii;;  ul'  tlie  Eminr'ir,  ilireetly  slie 
lireanie  ,Ta|iaiii'si',  timti  r  tin-  niaiiap'iut'iit  ft' u  iial'ue  eaptaiii, 
I'lt^'im-er,  anil  ereiv.  Her  inai'liini'ty  was  nf  tin'  iiui>t  rci'ent  riin- 
slnii'tii'ii  linri/nntal  evlinil.  rs,  trunk  en^inis,  an»i  ntlier  pern- 
liariiii's.  Yet  they  niaslereil  all  tlu'^^',  uinler  the  I'lni^li^h  ullieers, 
al'trr  a  werk's  iiistnii-ti"ii,  having',  et' e'liirse,  pn'\i.'Usly  iiniler- 
stiLiil  nil  iirilinarv  iihl-l'a.,liiiineil  i'ii;:ini'.  .Vl'ier  jia-^in^  rmmil  the 
si{n:iili'nn,  .she  ilisi'iiiliiiiki'il  atl  her  l'aa;li-h  vi-it.n  s.  ami  w  liail 
the  jileasiire  iifseein^  the  yai'ht  priteeeii  tnwai'iU  the  eity  tii  lanil 
tlie  iini'erial  enniiiii-siitiiers.  .\t  lir-st  the  .lapanese  snj^'es'eil  that 
they  shiMihl  eall  the  vai'ht  the  l.niiiliin,  iint  nl'  e.>ie|ihim'at  tii  iiiir 
eapital,  whieh  aliine.  they  lu'lieveil.  eniilil  e<itn]iare  wiih  Ifieir  own  ; 
liiit  I'nr  siinie  reaMHi  nr  iitlier,  they  eventually  iiannil  her  the 
Jlnii/oii :  anil  as  siieh,  ll.I.M.Y.  Iiriiii:,n  will,  ilniililless,  he  nl' 
(.Teat  use  as  a  I'ieaMn'i'-liir.it  to  all  hut  the  inipri-..ni'il  inniainh 
tnr  whimi  it  was  in'.iniie'l.  .View  w.ek*  alter  niir  visit,  nheii 
the  uinliassHilnr  nf  l-'ranee,  lianm  (ii..~,  niaile  liis  app,  .nanee  in 
the  liny  III'  Yeihhi.  he  tniinil  the  />;•.;./..;!  MeaiiiiiiL'  ali.mi.  anil  we 
hearil  that  his  I'.xeelleney  maile  ninre  than  cine  trip  in  In  r,  uiiiler 
the  sul'u  diarge  nl'a  .rapaiieso  captain  uiiil  engineer," 


l.\,— SIMODA. 


A  liASdK.lioi  s  navijjatioii  ahuij,'  an  iron-limiml  eoast, 
iiml  aero.',s  u  sea  where  siilphiirmis  i'iiii'..siii|is,  ami  oeea- 
sionally  a  Hpiirt  of  Ninoke  alul  a  ri^ini,'  of  lln'  wateis, 
to  Hay  liolhiiii,'  of  the  luaeoii  of  the  simikini^  erater  of 
the  •'  N'ries  \  oleano,  '  warn  the  sailor  of  imvel  ilunners, 

le.iils  IIS  at   last  fi I  the  i|eli),'htl'iil  hay,  shellereil   ami 

safe,  of  Nai.'a-aki,'  to  the  ilaliyermis  llimiyli  lieaiilifiiHv 

siliiateil  anilioi'ai,'e  ofSinioila,      a  hall r  so  ilaiij;i'riiiiH, 

tint  it  has  iilreaily  liei'ii  I'haii'.'eil  for  the  nearer  ami 
safer  port  of  Kalia<,'awa  liohl  ^reeii  lieaillamls  iiiiil 
al'iiipl  rocky  i^le' s  lomeal  the  eiitialiee,  anil  imiiaM' 
the  li. inner  ami  ililliiiilly  to  saillli;^  ms.siIs  in  appioaeh 
ill','  i».  The  town  of  Sinmila  i.i  mi  the  i>laiiil  of  Nipon, 
mar  the  inoiiih  of  the  lower  hay  or  u'lilf  of  Veililu, 
lalilmie  ."i  I    .'!'.i'  111    iiorlh  Imi'^'ilmie.  I.'l."<     'u'  ."ilf   east. 


•  Captain  Sheraril  Oslmrii  tolU  II  story  whieli  »liii«'«  thai 
\a|.'asal>i  Hay  Ins  other  trailition»  tliiiii  tlinse  "1°  iiieri'  luaiity  or 
eoiiiniireial  nlilily.  "  The  hay  liy  ilay  is  hniutil'iil,  Inil  iji\e 
ine    Na.aMiki    liy    iiiiuinh^'hl.    when    the   leal    i<    pa>>.iia.'   away, 

anil   till'  1 1  lirie/is  of   niiilil   inviL'inate  the  rraiiie  anil    ripple 

the  |in|i^li.i|  Kurhiie  ol'  the  water,  wliiih  relleels  the  ^larrv 
lieanly  nt  the  hliii'  vaiill  nvi  r  hi  nil,  eseepl  where  the  ilnik 
^llMl|"«s  o|'     iiaiiM'    nnil    I'ori  i::ii   eral'l    are    thioHti    nihwart    il. 

'I  III'    il.lieate    play    nl'   the    1 iiilijrhl     upon    town,    Mlla>;e    anil 

iiplaii'l;  the  ]ilio>plici  r.ci  nl  marks  of  the  nnnien'us  Imals  pn'>slii|r 
:inil  i'1'i'a-.inL',  th'-  Iwiukhiij:  h;.'lil,  ami  the  ilmwM  hiiiii  ol'  a 
lai'u'e  eit\  iliirin^'  the  early  hours  nt'  iii;:lit  all  Inrineil  a  pieluo' 
whii'li  niiirht  tempt  the  mnil  In  slop  liere  ennleiit.  We  hear 
of  a  j:ooill,\  Siatii-h  «hip  llial  i-aileil  in  I  hl'  a^'o,  llirou(:h  thiit 
■eawnril  p.'rtal,  now  hln.  inleil  hy  the  ilark  ^:l"oni  ol' the  overlinii(;- 
iii|;  elill'  >iii'  is  a  lull  -hip  nt  three  iliek<,  a  U'arlv  tiaihr,  I'mni 
the  I'liilippini's  a  mv..!  ve-v  1,  eouihimii'.'  lln'  war  sliip  ai  il 
iiierelLiiitiiian.  ilir  ^welliu;;  e.in\a>.,  Iiiiliil,  she  swin^itii  lur 
niiehnrs,  ami  llaiiiits  t'lom  ni.i|i\  a  mast  ipiaint  .  ol.  ins  ami  pennon> 
t'lilverins  niiil  lilacs  pie.is  peer  out  i.f  i.er  port>,  ami  the  pihlen 
I'UsiL'n,  w  ith  itslir..nil  lihi'ily  stiijie-.  wum'n  ].ioui11\  taer  Inrstirn 
(In  sliore  there  i- niiieh  eMili'ineut.  Twihe  in'Uiths  laivioiiMly 
the  ilnpniiese  hml  learnt  tli.il  a  v.'s.ii  1  i  I' thi  ir  e.  inilr\  hail  heeii 
lia^i  ly  -el  upon  oil'  the  I'hiiipp.m -,  hy  .spaiiiaiils,  ami  the 
\<.,^i'l  anil  ere. \  sunk  in  the  ilep:  h.*  nl'  the  sea,  ami  the  imperial 
pnernnieiii  h.icl  l.'rliiilih'n  S|i;ii  i.oiU  iimler  pain  ol'  ile.ih  lo  vi^it 

.lapan.      This  t;al  >  h.el  eoine  in  eonieinpt  nl'the  innm  ate,  anil, 

till  ULfh  wariieil  ot  the  horrors  that  woulil  ensue,  the  .*spaniar<U 
woiilil  not  or  eon  il  not  vail.  The  eourt  i>Mies  a  inanilate,  niiil  the 
Spaniarilntii>t  .•ult'i  rat  nn\  eo>t  thepeiialls  nt  liisiiiM.leiiie.  Wetnav 
faney  tic  ntu>Iei'  nl'  row  -li'.i'U,  the  I'lin-e  el'  .Niiinu  arranuiii^  his 
ilevoteil  relativi'^.  I'l'iimi^ih;:  hiu'li  rewar.l  to  the  valiant,  short 
M.ril'l  to  the  er.iM  n.  We  inn  laliey  the  -eoinlul  leelila;  of  Ihe 
hi;;li-eourai!eil  lloii  in  his  lotiv  hark  lor  the  U'liiii^  wolves  nrniniil 

hill)  —  iiakeil,   hall-ainie'l  iiitiileU,  wli nne  npa'iist  lie'  sleil  elail 

I'railll' ol  the  eomplerors  ol' half  the  worlii:  Then  tlie  shout  of 
ileliiinee,  iinil  tin'  wilii  iiiusie  nt  the  w.ir*shill  as  eaeh  rushiil  on. 
Wolves  never  went  1  letter  lit  ii  sure  ipiarry  Ihuii  the  .hipaiiise 
111  Ihe  hune  shi)i.  In  -pile  of  resi-t.inee  thi,\  I'linj;  to  lap  tall 
siiles  seate  theiii  re.u'h  the  uppi  r  ileek,  ami  throw  theniseUes, 
rr^nrilh' H  of  lile,  upon  the  asiouiHhul  Spaniar.U.  Wii-ii  tisi 
1. lie,  the  lloiiseishe  hai  uuili  rrateil  lil.~  1.  e.  lie  ih'ti mum  s  lo 
re-orl    ti)  a  ili-|  er.ile  ex|  e.lient    of  those  tiiiMs(in  nhli'ii  limes, 

hlowinjr  up  the  ileik  with  s 11  ipiaiitities  of  poHihr  was  resorteil 

to  in  ea-es  of  a  >les|'erate  r.sisianee  In  a  hoaiiiiii^'  partv).  The 
retreat  sinim's  ill  the  Spaniaicls  ru-li  hi  low  t.i  the  Inwer  ih'ek, 
ami  the  upper  ih  ek  is  hlow  n  U)i  anil,  willi  a  xell  of  vietnr,\,  tliu 
.l.ipaiii'M' ale  hiirleil  iiit'i  the  wa'i'r.  seoreheil  anil  hurned,  .\:as 
f.ir  the  Sp  nia:cl!  the  wiml  is  r  trht  ailverse  lo  his  escape,  ami 
every  iiiiioce  aihls  humlreils  In  the  liosi  ponriiiL'  ilowii  to  the 
atiaek.  1  here  is  mehinufor  it  hut  a  ileath  worthy  nf  his  race, 
.Vjialii  the  as-aull  ;  n^iaiii  iiuiahi  rs  carry  tlie  ilay,anil  the  resolule 
.^paniarils  retire  In  the  thiiil  ihek,  niel  ai;ain  hmw  up  the  vietora 
ahnve  tlii'in.  Tliriic,  says  the  .lapaiiese  chroniele,  ipioteil  hy  the 
woriliy  iiaistcr,  Kienij'lir,  was  this  ihsperate  nioile  of  resistuiicu 
resorted  to,  until  ilelenders,  assailants,  ami  j;alli'oii    sunk   in   the 

h: !y    waii'is.      .-Vlthoiiph    the    iiiil.  rliinale    infriMi.'ers    nf  Ihe 

imperial  ediel  hail  iii'n-heii  to  a  inaii.  the  native  hislorinn  aekliow- 
leil-is  the  triumph  of  .lapauese  juslici  had  heeii  won  only  hy  the 
sairiliee  ol  tine  ihou«aml  of  her  sons  !  Such  was  one  episiidu  in 
the  history  of  Nagiuuki." 


i- 


ii 


ii' 


r 


if 


198 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


It  is  within  the  prpfoctnro  of  Kamo.  diic  of  thi-  ei!,'lit 
into  wliiiOi  Iilzii  is  iliiiilcii.  ami  (loii'jiii's  the  smitln'rn 
!••  •iiiiiiatioii  nl  that  piiMiipiility.  Tin'  tnwn  lies  at  thr 
we:  (I'l-n  iMiil  "f  tlu'  liiilinin'.  nu  a  ]ilain  at  tlu'  iMii'i.ini,' 
of  rt  fiMlili'  vailcv.      It-i  nanu>  is  |iniiiaMy  iliTivid  fiuni 

this — Si ila   iiifiinini;   lew  lirld.     'l"lirciuj;h  the  v:;llc'y 

runs  a  small  rivi'r.  whiih  is  na\i;;ahli'  for  li.iii.'i's  trans- 
imiiing  Kiraw,  timhir,  f,'iMiii.  ami  otlnr  iirniiiui'. 

Till"  ('(luiitry  Minounilim,'  tlio  town  is  fxiiciiicly 
|Hrturt'si|ii"anil  variiil.  irnliilaliiii;  hills,  oovircil  with 
trees,  rise  !rou\  tin"  waters  ('i|;;e.an(l  exteml  haik  into 
the  lofty  nioinilainoiis  i-o,-ks,  rililK'd  ami  hare. 

Valleys  divich'  the  nionntainon.s  ranijes,  with  their 
riehly  enltiv.itiil  tieMs  ami  !;.iiilcMis,  stretehini,'  n|i  to 
the  viM'V  sunnnit  of  the  hill  si.les,  streams  of  wiiti-r 
sh.iihil  with  jiroves  wiml  thronu'h  the  level  hottoms, 
uml  l.eaiilify  ami  einieh  the  l.iml.  The  snow-i:i|i|iiil 
Fnsi  is  visihle  at  the  ilislanee.  jioii.iin;.  eonelike. 
hii,'h  in'io  the  domls.  :iml  tar  ahove  the  elevation  of  the 
hine  mountains  tli.it  sinr.niml  it.    Knterinirthe  h.irlioir. 


Tlie  shojis  iiiiil  ilwellint;  houses  are  hut  slightly  hnilt, 
many  of  thi'm  heini;  nierel'  tliatelied  huts.  A  few  of 
tin'  houses  of  the  lieller  class  are  of  stone,  hut  most 
ari'  (oii>tru.ti  d  of  ,■»  t'ramework  of  hamhoo  or  laths, 
and  then  ivnered  with  a  tenai'lous  iinid.  this  latter, 
when  'ry,  is  ii;;;iiu  eoMnd  with  a  eoat  of  ]il;istir,  w  hieh 
is  either  painted  or  Imo  .mms  iiLick  liv  e\|Kisure.  .Mouhl- 
in;,'s  iir<'  iil'tt  rrtards  .-iriMiiued  in  dia;,'oi  il  liuis  o'.ir  the 
surfaee  of  the  Iniililiiii;,  and  the>e  liein:;  ]i.iiiited  wiiite. 
ec.iiinisiin;;  with  the  ilark  i;roiin  I  Inhirid.  -livv;  tKe 
hoi  se  a  I'lirioiis  pii-  h;dd  appearanee.  I'he  roofs  are 
otiou  of  tiles  eoliiircd  alt(  riiaoly  hhu'k  ainl  w  liio'  and 
tin  ir  ems  e\tiii  1  low  down  in  ti.'iit  of  tin  wmIIs.  and 
protei-t  the  inmates  I'roiu  th.  .-mio,  .nid  tin  oil  p;iprred 
windows  t'roin  the  elti'ets  of  tin-  rain,  (tti  the  lops  of 
.some  of  tin'  houses.  \\  iii's  tire  stieiehed  iii  vaiiou>  diree- 
t  ions  to  keep  oil'  the  erows.  it  is  said  ;  hut  wini  her  on 
aeeoiiiit  of  their  lieiiii;  hinls  of  ill-oiiieli,  or  only  in 
eonsei|uenee  of  *lieir  had  hahits.  wasiiot  very  ap|i.iieiit. 
These  lioiisi  .  .lave  no  eliimm-vs.  iir.d  there  heiiiir  ocea- 


tlie  town  with  it  .  i,'niiips  of  low  lioiw 


not  pre>tnt     sional  tires  for  eookiiii;  and   oilnr  ]inrpo>es,  the  smoke 


a  very  im]iosing  appearanee  ;    hut,  with  its  h.iek<;ioiiml     is  left  to  foi\  e  its  way  throw^h  the  various  eraniiiisaml 


:f  hii: 

iml  t 


Is    W lei 


1  will     spii'.i  liiiL;   pims   and   yew   tiees.     er.ieks   wliieli  may   ehan.e   to  exist,   iiii! 


le  verdant  vallev  that  opens  hetweeii  them,  ii  has     times   the   ea.se.  th 


an  air  of  sheltereil  rep. 


rustieity  whieh  is  ipiite  iittr.ietiM 


e  and  an  appearame  of  .see'inle  I     part  ot'  the  walls  prudei  'Iv 


re  all'    eel'alii    holes    iii    the    upper 


■tt  tor  the   ]ii 


iniililiiiiis   are   geiier.illy  Imt    a    single    story  ni    lieij 


Tin 

rht. 


himoila  IS  .said  to  ho  the  lariti-t    to"   .   in  the  |iriin  i      il'oui;li   many  ot   the  houses  and  shops  lia\e  attus  for 


1' 

fil.l 


I'itv  of  Id/ii,  and  wa.s  iit  one  ti 


me  a  111  lit  ot  eon.,  ihr      llie  st. 


■as,'!'  of  tiooils  and  refuse  artiele.- 


■rtaiu' 


It    was   foiimlol   ciiil 


lines  ai.'o.  ain 


Hue  oi  the  resnleliei 


stand   lia'k  froii    the  front  of 


two     humlred   years    sinee     was     tiie    put     of    the  stii'et.s,  w  itli  yards  hefore  them,  althouijli  nemnillv 


■iitrv    tor    vessel 


hound    for  the    capital;    hut     I'raya,     tin-    latter   are    in    the    rear, 


are   variously   ii|ipro- 


further  up  the  h.iy,  li  iviii:^  su( ded  to  the  iniportaiit     priated,     soim'    for    kiteheii-^^ardee  -    and     others     tor 

'iiietioii,  Siiiioda  li.isdeeliiied,aii  I  liecuiie  eoiuparaiii  ely     pleasure-oroiimls,  with  Ihoieriii!,'   shriih.s,  ooinls  of  gold 


a  I'overtv-stnekeii  nl  n-e. 


T 


lere  is  Hot  mil   li  apjiciraine 


lish,    and    ot 


)f  ativitv    ill  the    port,  hut  there  still   is; 


ler   oriiaineiit:il  app 


lie   iiieon 


tew     hllihlii.gs    froliled     with     sli 


Till 
whilst     the    main 


der.ihie   Inisiin 


rie.l  oil    throii:.;li  it.   hetweeil  tin 


is   of  mill 


irmiolie,  \\  Imh  are  ii-i  il    lor  the 


interior  of  the  eoiiiitry  and  various  phieeson  the  .I.ipaii      storaae   of   \aluahle  goods,  as  liny   are   Mippo-id  to  hi 

i-r  )iroii'eted   fioiii  tire      Tin'   fronts  of  the  ^llop^ 


e.-e    eois 


t       111    front  of  the    t. 


w  u  there  Is  a  depot    lor 


lall  iiinksand  ho  its.  artili'-iillv  eoiivtriiete  1  hv  iiieius    ami  houses  have  move.ihle  shnlters,  which  at  lii'dit 


-mall  I 

if  dvkes  and   a  hnakwat  'r 


I'lii^    is 


rted     with      fastened  to  t! 


I,-  posts  which  support  the  projecting  r  i  f. 


the  river,  which  ll.iws  tlii'iirh   tin'  v.illev  that  e\ti  inN      l>eliiiid  these  ar;' sliding  ]iaiiels   ot'  oiled    paper, 


ito  the  interior  ;  and  tlie  hoiis  me  thus  eiialih 


rt  Mill     are  ( 


loM'd 


when  privacv  is  soui.dit,  and 


ih.it 


for  tl 
I" 


the  tide,  which  rises  ahout  li\"  feci,  is  at  its  h   iLrli'.  to  piirj of  sei'iiig  in  the   Imn 

float    in  and  sail  up  the  stream       loilc  do.ks  e\iv|    f.r  or  di  piav  iii^'  the  ^  ».ils  in  the  iii^nh-  of  the  -hops,      Ji 

liiiiMing  and  laiilichiiig    vessels,    ami    iln-c>!io,v    some  liiii    of  tin'    paper  w  iinlous   t'ciie    ni cc.i.-ii 

le   of  activity    in    the    iiiimln  r  of   junks,    :il.oiit  ti^'cs    of   l.ainooo.      The   life   of   ilic 


liall-lat- 


sliop  IS  ilisplaMi 


iliich  there    are  alwavs  iiumei'ous    l.ilioiircrs,    more  or 


,1' 
o  er    the    d'.iror  windo\\>,    ■;eiiei;illv  in  some  t'aiicilii 


lusv  at    work,  eonsiriicling  or  ripainiuj 


less   1 

the  docks,  piciures([m'|y 


X. 


.'iiilicant    of  the  kind    of  h 


I  -iiicvs  cairu'il  oil. 


e'llcreil  liv  a  row    o; 


I'll. 


hut  f 


ew  siiriis  ili^lllictlv   |i  ci.iilite'    the    trail 


Iree.s,    in    the    sm, 


if  which    si.iinls    a    sm  iM   sh 


'r  111  ciip.'it  mil. 


ill 


nii:;li  tlnre  was  om' 


shop  w  liicli  hori 


there  is  a  I  Hiding  place,  w 


hich. 


iwc\i  1.   is  not 


n    ils   lioiil.    in   the  I  (iilcli  laiigiiai;e.  the  name  in  fiiil 


reached  hv  chips'  hoats,  when  the  tide  is  li 


if  a    I  liiicli    iiostru 


III.      Wlllcll 


d  to  I 


le   I)    popiil.'ir 


The  tow  11  of  ."siiiioil.i  i.  compactly  huill.  and  regrilai  iy     icmcily  in  Japan,  for  the  .s.niie  w.is  oli>ei\cil  in    Kami 
laid  out,  the  streets  intei-M'ct  at  111     I  aliiili-.  ain'.  111.'.;      ..i«a.      The    limrgood)    are    yei  eially    ki  pi    Heeliided 


.f   tin 


gii.irdcd   liv  liylit  linideni  i.'ilis,  with  tlic     Ir \icw  in    li    \cs  ami  di 


f  the  street    marked    Upon  their   hollow  po>t 


id   that    iml 


icaiis    no   L'l-ca 


I    alll 


;iiid    seem  to  lie  ol  a 
iniice  oil  the  pari  of 


'hicharc  thestn 


ifll 


ic  'vaicliiiii'ii. 


T 


iroii„'li     II 


tlie  lort  n  a  I 
walled  wi.h 
ill 


all  street    pi 


the 


if  which   ar 


Tlio  intein.ii  .11  lam-cim  n!s  of  tin-  h. 


1'^ 

'ses  and  sh 


tone,  and  acros.s  it  aic  throw  u  four  small     at  ^innidu  are  sin 


■P 


Hid   niiifi'l'iii.  llioii;,di   .soiiiewhal 


liioilerii    III  111  .'1    ,    w  III! 
The   stieei 


■  Kliei 


t  the    oppo.it>'    hanks,     iiiodilied  accordiii;.' to  the  p  isil  ion  and  Ini 


if  tl 


s  are  ahoiit    twinsv  ti'et   in   wi.illi,   and  are     inmalo        I  he  d  i"r   is   on    the   right    or   left  side, 


jiaitly  iiiac.ii|aiiii-i  d   ami    pirll>   paved.      Siiiod.i  -liov^s     prolecled    l>y    the 


i\.iliani,'iii      root,  uiider    wlilc'i  tl 


dvalici  d  .st  lie  of  i 


ilioii  lu'i   11  liexoiid  our 


ir-ir  foods    are   slnltereil,  ami   the    customer,  wi  'ii 


lio.isled  progress,  ju  the  aMciiiioii  of  it.s  con-triietors  ti 


i\  lit;  a  hii-Lnin.      Kioiu   tik*   front 


the    ele:llim-s  and    lie:ill!illillies-.    of  tl 


le    pi  icf. 


t'l 


a  pall 


leiH'     le.nls    ilirei 


to    till-    rear,    w.iere    there    ale   vario'lK 


ire  not  only  gutters  hut  sewei.*.  i\  hieh  draw  the  ret'use    ilwelliii.'N    and     ml  Imiises,  aii'otig   which  is  freipnn  !y 


matter   and    lillh    dilcctly    inio    tae    sea    or    the 
sireaiii  ill, It  ili\  ides  the  towi 


small     the    shlliie    f  ■!'    pliMilc    w 


hi    I 


le    sliops 


tills 


passageway  is  uruwduil  with  Lmskot-s,  stauiLs,  and  tni.'s 


CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA.    AND   JAPAN. 


199 


lii'liMi  w.th  viirions  mfriliaiidisf,  :inil  tlir  walls nn  I'ltlivr 
«iile  aiv  |)f<ivi<lt'(l  with  slirlvcs,  n|iiiti  wliicli  yoiMla  iiri' 
also  lii'a]iiMl.  In  tlu'  lu'sl  I'stalilislimi'iil-;,  artii-lcs  for 
Siilo  an'  si'ldiiiii  liisjilayi'il  luvoiid  turning;  tlu'  (pjkmi 
oiids  (if  th(!   boxes   wliii-h   ri)iit.iii>    tlifiii    tnwanls   the 

StIOl't. 

Ill  till"  iiiti'i-icir  of  tlifi  hiMisi'  tluM-i'  is  a  lari;i>  fniiiu'- 
work  r\isfil  two  feet  alinve  lli>'  liroiiinl,  It  is  s]ireiiil 
with  stiilleil  mats,  an  1  is  ili.ideil  into  several  enin 
ji.irtini'lils  \>y  means  of  sliiiiiiL;  Jianels.  This  honso 
within  a  house  may  he  apjihi'd  to  the  various  iiur]K>ses 
ol' trailing,  eating,  sleeping  ami  reiciving  eompaiiy,  ae- 
eoiiling  to  the  ])leasiiro  or  neeessity  of  tiie  proprietor. 
This  stage  or  iilatlorni  is  u.seil  as  the  worksliop  hy  the 
v.irious  h:'.mlieniftsnieii,  as,  for  exam|ile,  the  earpenters 
•  iml  laeijiu'r  varnishi'i-s  ;  tlu'  hlaeksinlth  ami  stoiieetitter, 
howiver,  perform  their  heavier  work  upon  tin'  ground. 

The  hon.ses  intended  for  lodgers  are  geiicr.illy  elean, 
and  neatly  spread  with  the  usual  .soft  and  thiek  mat.s, 
«  hieh  serve  the  doiihle  purpose  t)f  sr.its  hy  da  v  and  heels 
I'V  night  The  n  imes  of  the  giie-ts  an'  reeorde<i  as 
u  ilh  u:<.  Imt  .somewhat  iiion'  pulihely,  as  fhi'V  me  ,  '''  i-d 
11  the  doorway  on  the  stri-i'l  The  iir' -toi-ratie  gmi.  , 
iuive  their  eoats  of  arms  emhhizouod  in  full  and  dis-  . 
played  in  wide  hanners  stri'lehed  ill  front  of  their: 
>lopiiig  palaees.  'j'lie  interior  of  thi'se  hotels  are  hv  no 
iiie.ms  vi'iv  inagniliicnt  in  appe.iiMiiee,  or  eoinplete  in 
appointment.  The  iiitire  a'i>inee  of  taMe.,  eliair:, 
.■•ora-i,  lan:]is,  iiiid  otlar  e.ssentials  to  eoiiifort,  iiiti'ifere 
\ery  .-.eriously  withiigaest  taking  hi.seaseat  ii  Japineso  i 
inn.  .Moreover,  the  'vant  of  looking-glasses,  )iietnres, 
and  other  pie  ising  app  als  to  the  eye,  give  to  the  esta- 
lilisliment  a  viiy  naked,  eold  look  !■>  the  tr.ivelh'r  who 
has  a  vivid  n'eolhelioii  of  the  w.iiai  MiiigiM-~s  of  an 
Kngli>h  inn  orthe  luxurious  eoinphteiiiss  of  an  .Vmcri- 
e,in  hotel. 

The  wlmh?  nuuilur  of  houses  at  Siumda  is  estimated 
at  ahoiit  a  tllotisaii<l.  :ind  the  iiilialut  nils  ar  '  suppos<'d 
to  amount  i  >  m-aily  si'\imi  thoiisaml,  one  tilth  of  whom 
are  sh'ipkecpi'is  and  aiiisans.      Thiie  are   iii  the  town, 

as  elsiwhrre   in  .lapaii,  ti  disproporii ite  amount  of 

olfn'i.ils.  .soldii'rs,  and  ret  liinis  of  tiie  v.irioiis  piiuees 
and  digiiitaiiis,  wli  i  add  lioihnig  to  thi"  ]irolnetive 
r.'-oiine.s  of  the.ountrv,  Imt  lire  i;reat  eonsiiniers  of 
the  •■■suits  of  the'  lihoiir-iiif  the  lower  cla.sses,  who  are 
l.inei,  a  do  mil  h  work,  and  are  allowed  to  enjiy  hi  t 
little  of  the  prolil.  Tin-  pioph-  li.ive,  nolwithst, Hiding, 
a  I'lh'rahly  thri\  iiig  appiMr,iiiie,  and  it  is  seldom  th.it  il 
liiggar  is  senn.  I  he  streils.  with  tlie  exeoptioii  of  ii 
i'rw  shops  wlii'li  do  hut  linh' lei.>ini->s,  show  Iio  si;,'iis 
of  trading  activity.  'I'lnre  is  no  |iiililie  in  irki't  plaer. 
and  all  the  iliily  tr.in-aei  mns  of  Inn  iug  and  .selling  are 

id  net  I'd  SI.   piiM'.iely  and  ipiii^  ly    lli.it,   toft    p.issiiig 

stiaii;:er.  ."innida  Would  appe.ir  as  ii  plaee  singularly, 
.lf\oi|  uf  any  reganl  to  the  eoin-eiiis  of  this  world. 
The  ,.,oph'  have  all  the  eliaraeteii-lio  eoiirle-y  iiiid 
re>er\od  hut  plo:waiit  maniieis  of  the  liapaiie.se.  A 
.seeiie  at  lUie  t,(  the  piiMie  hat  lis  whi'ro  tin)  Hexes 
mingled  iiiilis4'riiiiinalely,  nin  .'usiioiis  of  tlieir  inidiiy, 
wa-s  not  i-aletilate'  tt)  iiiip^H'ss  us  with  »  \eiy  favour- 
aide  opiiihui  of  the  inoral.s  of  the  inliilut mis.  'I'his 
Uiuy  iii't  lif  It  iiiiiversil  praeliie  thnmghoiit  .lapan, 
and  inihe.l,  ;s  .s,dl  hy  the  .lapiiirM'  near  tis.  not 
•o  1"  ,  hill  (lie  .lapaiiese  pe 'p'e  of  the  lower 
ranks  an.  uiidouliteillv .  not  witliMaiiding  tleir  moral 
superioiiiy  to  must  cu-u'iital  nations,  ii  hwd  ]ieop|i'. 
Apart  IVoiii  the  liathoig  seene.  then  was  eiioiiiih 
'11    the  jiopular   littimluro,    with  iU   oUnceiie  jiietorial 


illustrations,  to  form  a  lieentiousneKs  of  t.:i.-.ie  aii<t 
priu-tieo  aiiiong  a  eertain  ela.ss  of  iiihahitaiils,  tli.it 
was  iiot  only  disgustingly  olitri'..<ive,  hut  disgraie 
t'uUy  indieative  of  loul  eorrup'ion.  The  ehii'f  diet  of 
the  inhahitaiits  of  Siiiioda  eonsi.>ts  of  fish  and  veijet;:li|e 
food.  There  are  poultry  -  ehieki  ns,  gie.-e,  and  diieks 
and  .some  few  eatili-,  hut  the  latter  are  \ised  onlv  for 
lieasts  of  hiinleii.  an  I  their  tlesli  is  iievi  r  eait  ii.  IJioe, 
wheat,   harley,  and  sweit  potatoes  are  t  he  eloel  ariielis 

rai>ed   in  anil  ahout  Sii la,   nhliough    li'i>h    |iotatiie.s, 

huekwheat,  Indian  eoiii.  tares,  hean.s,  eihhaiies.  ere.-.se.s, 
ai'il  egu'  plant.s  are  piodneed  to  some  «'xteiil.  The 
wheat  and  harley  are  napeil  in  .May,  and  the  riee, 
uliieli  is  first  .sown  and  then  ti.insplanled,  as  in  I.oo- 
elioo,  is  rea«ly  for  the  latter  operation  in  the  middle 
of  June,  and  these  erops  sueeeeil  eaeli  other  Vi'iir  after 
year.  I>iiring  the  winter,  jiart  of  the  riee  lieids,  that 
which  lies  low,  is  left  fallow,  while  the  terrai-es  are 
turned  into  wheat  lieids  In  preparing  the  lieids  tor 
the  reeeptloii  of  the  young  shoots  of  riee,  they  are  over- 
flowed with  water,  and  t  In  n  leilueed,  hy  ploughing  and 
harrow ing,  into  a  sol't  well  iiii\eil  mud.  Suhseipieiitiy 
a  siih>ti-;ituin  of  gri.ss  ami  small  hushes  is  trodden  down 
lielow  the  surfaie  liy  the  feet.  'J'lie  lahoiirer  putting  on 
a  couple  of  hniinl  pieee-^  of  wood,  lilie  ii  jiair  of  snow- 
shoes,  goes  Irainping  om  r  the  gr.-e-s  and  hushes,  lahoiii- 
iiig  uiilil  they  disippear  hi  K.w  the  suifaee  of  the  mud. 
This  operation  ovi  r.  the  snail  plants  are  traiisfeired 
from  the  plot  where  tiny  have  heeii  sown,  to  the 
ticlds,  where  they  me  nllowed  to  remain  iinlil  niatiirity. 
The  lice  crop  is  ready  tor  h  ovistin,'  in  the  latter  ]iart 
of  Se|iteiiiher  or  early  in  the  ensuing  month,  t  ».xeii 
nml  horses  are  oeea>i"iially  n>ed  in  agricultural 
operations,  hut  the  l.ilioiir  is  luostlv  perlormed  hv 
hand. 

There  are  nine  I  hnldhist  andonegrcat  Sinto,  i  temple  in 
Sinioda,  to  say  iioihingof  tliesiiiallir  shrines  and  the 
portahle  wooden  chapels  thai  may  he  seen  hy  the  load- 
side.  Kaeli  Iiiiddhi>t  teiii|ile  has  twenty  ti\e  piie-ls  ; 
the  hiiililiii<.><  ale  of  wood,  and  niipaintcd,  with  tiled, 
projectiiig,  peaked  root's;  the  tloois  are  malted,  and  the 
pillars  of  lac<|iiei'eil  work.  liehilnl  the  door  and  the 
shrine  are  si'\eial  rcacling  desks,  in  <ai  h  ot'  which  is  a 
small  wiuiileii  lish,  which  is  used  to  mark  time  in  pi'a\ 
ing.  I'mixis  ]>laced  ahout.  rcinind  the  pious,  mil  {i| 
charity,  hut  of  "feeding  hungry  ilemoiis."  'I'hese 
monasteries  are  siiirounded  hy  gra\e\aids,  w  here  sl.ihs. 
raised  tomhs,  ohelisks,  and  all  the  utlnr  vanities  of 
dealli  an- iihuiidant,  inteiiiii\cd  wiih  ni.couih  visaj^es 
of  Iiinldha.  issuing  Iron,  an  opening  shell,  or  holding  :i 
lotus  lliiwer,  or  a  tly  trap,  or  .some  other  svinhol. 
Flowers  in  profusion  light  up  and /emlcr  gay  the  oilier- 
w  isi'  gloomy  precincts. 

••  I  low  iiiaiiy  religions  have  we  in  .lapan!"  iiii|uireil 
a  Tvcoon,  when  the  .Jesuit  I'ortngucse  lelnoiistlaled 
against  I  •iitcli  I'nitcstantism.  "Thirty  four,  yoiir  high 
ncss,"  was  the  reply.  "'I'hcn  we  can  easily  hear  with 
another,''  iiiiswered  the  imperial  philo-nphcr.  (M  the 
thirty  live  leni.iiniiii.',  t  hi  isiiaiiily  heiiigiinw  considered 
extinct,'   that    of  the   Sintoos    js   il t    important, 

'  SiniKnira  w;!"  Iln^  l;i-l  hlnMi^;liiil,l  el"  milof  (  livistinnily  in 
.Iiipiin.  :ilnl  wliMJi  Kiiw,  iis  K.iinim  t'ulliolii^  -.M-iUTs  «»«irl.  tin'  ili'- 
mnu'liiiiief  tliirly  llioiisuinl  fjuivrrls  to  llicir  r.iilli  II  «ii«  "'■ 
^inll>llr^l,  Iiki,  eM-r  tlii>  I'iMninnn  irriivi'  ..I  iis  inliiilMMnIs,  lliul  tlai 
laiiinu*  iii!MTi|»tiitii  «ns  (Tti-li'il,  w!irni..fc:  llu^  iiiitivi"*.  tlml  I"  |'rc- 
fir  l.illii'ir  luilivi'  fiiitli  ll.il  111'  till'  Cliiiitiuim  Hinilil  le  In  ilruw 
i|.i«ii  iipeii  tln'in-ii'Uis  ilie  |Miiii>lanin!  iliic  tn  Iniitnm,  ti>  llioir 
I'liijH'riir,  iiinl  tlivir  nmntrj-.     tine  wiitt'iicu  run  llnis  .   "So  lolKf 


'•i-. 


!'-i    ! 


t     ; 


I  )| 


ii;!i 


ii' 


']■'■ 


! 


2U0 


ALL   ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


next  to  iir  cdiirnrrciit  « illi  l>iiililliisiii.  iiiid  tlio  jH'iuci- 
|ial  ti'titiiii'  i>t'  the  town  of  SiiMii  hi,  li  riiiiiiatini;  its 
wiliest  St iTi't  with  Mil  ini|Mi.siiii;  fijitire  .it  the  cinl  <>(  n 
Iciiij^  avi'iiiii'  uf  stately  cedar  and  larch  trees,  is  tile 
>;i'eat  SillliMi  'reiiiple  ' 

As  the  vi.-it(i|-  a|i|iroaclies  this  teiii|ile,  lie  emiies  to  a 
liriclv;e  wliicli  is  thiiiwii  nver  a  li>h-|ini[d,  which  lii'caks 
the  ciiiitilillify  111'  the  street,  and  elileiilil,'  the  shaded 
a\einie,  lie  |i,isses  over  anulln'r  iiiiiiialiirc  liriil;,'e.  heaii 
litiilly  eiiii>tnicteil  uf  tilicly  carved  i.'rceii>l.iiie.  Twu 
LTiiiii  stniie  statues  of  armed  iiieii,  overrmiwilli  inoss 
and  lichen,  enard  the  entiame.  .Moui;  the  aveiiiio 
within  are  hi;;li  stone  caiidiialiias.  to  the  ri^ht  of  which 
ri.-es  an  ii|ieii  lielfrv  of  s  |iiare  tmni,  restiiii;  on  a  foiin- 
dalioii  of  ninsoiiiy.  From  tiie  m  if  swinifs  a  heain 
ii>cil  to  stiil<e  the  liell,  which  forms  a  portion  of  the 
tiirnitiiie  of  all  the  tem|iles.  'I'o  the  lel't  i.-!  a  low  tiled 
shed  eiiverini,'  some  small  iiitive  statue.'*,  also  of  stone, 
and  ill  a  |ia\  iiion  Imilt  over  the  ix.iteway  are  |iiet\ire^ 
and  models  of  junks  and  lioal.s  —  for  this  is  a  marine 
tenijilc  hiylily  c>tceined  anioni,'st  sailors  and  lishernieii. 
The  teni|ple  itself  is  con.-i  riicted  of  wood,  covered  wiih 
tli.ilch.  and  Mi|i|iiirteil  liy  posts  j,'rote.si|Uely  ornamented 
liii-chai-on,  the   deilied   hero,  or    kami,   to  whom   this 


:is  the  sun  sliiU  H.irin  the  cnrtli.  let  iin  ('l.ri<li;iii  l)i'  su  ImM  :i<  in 
I'liiiM' to  ,la|Kiii  ;  iinil  1ft  all  kuiKr,  (!!■•  Klii_'  nl'  .'>|i;iiii  iiiiii~i'll',  ..r 
till' ('lirLsMiin'^  H.mI,  if  la' vi'iliile  tills  ciiniiniiuil,  kIihM  ]ia\'  fur  it 
with  Ills  lii'itil.*' 

'  Till'  iiiitiii  lal  I'l'liiriim  ill'  .la|iiiii,  wliicli  il  ilcs  fniin  iln-  I'arli.-si. 
in'riiiil,  is  till'  ri'liL'i  111  "f  Sinsvnii,  up  "  Kuitli  nf  tin'  (i'uls."  'I'h.' 
viitarii'-i  arc  callcil  Siiitmi';.  imil  t;ii'  Mikaifi  or  spiritual  cuiihTiir,  is 
its  ti'tiiiKir.il  lii'.i  i.  riu'  iliviiiitv  is  liie  ^o'lili's^  Ti'ii-^i-i-iLii-riii. 
."'Ill'  «  IS  ill.'  il.iii.'liti'i'  .it  ill.'  lirst  L''iil  «li'i  iv.r  iiiiirrii'il,  aii.i  hIi.i 
cri'atc't  ilic  iv.irlii,  wliicli  iIumi  cuiisisli'ii  <.f  ,!a|iaii;  t.i  licr  siic- 
rii' leil  fiiui'  !»'«!<,  the  lust  lit  wIm  N  imiriicil  a  tnortal  ivit'.',  an.l 
li'l't  11  ill  irtal  soil,  till'  itiiiMi'ilialii  jirriii't'cs-or  iit"  Ilic  ori;jiiiat 
.Mikiiilo.  riiis  .Mikal.i,  in  niiii'tinis  rcscinliU's  ii  {»i|ie,  ai.il  lias 
till'  iHiwiT  itcan  iiiis.iti  111,  iiii  iinii  ui'  iinn'li  I'ovciiil  liy  tli"  lvaiiii« 
I'T  -.rpt'it  iii.'ii  oi' ilii'  t'iii|iiri'.  W'lii'ii  til  i.s  ciuiiiiiisi'il,  lliry  i.-ia  ii 
llii'ir  ranks  ol  Kami  in  the  next  worlil.  an.)  liuiii  ic  Ilic  t'litiii.' 
siiiits  of  lli.'ir  liiiiiilii's  Tieis,  tliiTo  is  a  saint  111  cvcrv  li.iii-.-. 
I  lie  Kaiiiis  are  .In  .l.-.l  into  sii|u'riin*  iiii<l  int'.-iMi-,  lll:i  ln-iii^  I*  >iii 
lToiIs,  'iiiiI  'J.Milt  11 -iii^  ili'itic'l  .ir  I'.iiioiis'.'.l  iiit'ii.  'I'lii'  Siiito.is 
'K'lii'vi'  in  "in  liappy  ti  lis  iiiul  vi.lairi's,'  as  liic  alio.le  nf  liisem- 
IkhIIcI  spirits,  liiit  s'lini-siiy  tlicy  lunc  no  iilianfa  ilcvil  .ir  li.ll, 
piirkMtory,  o''  fill  oi'c  piinislcniiii.  'I'.ns,  li.KVi'vcr,  is  a  liisimi.-il 
)Hiiiii.  Till'  Siiii.i.)  nitioii  .if  ii-i'aliiin  is  nivcn  in  the  foll.nMii.- 
I'At  :  "  111  till'  lii'u'iiiiiiuL' of  ill.'  op.'ihii.'  .if  all  tliilijrs.  a  I'liaos 
llo.ileil.  as  lislic  swim  in  II, ,■  n.iifi'  I'or  pl.'asiirc  ;  mil  of  lliis 
1  li.i  IS  arose  a  thiii^'  like  a  pii-klr,  niovcalili'  ami  I  I'aiisl.-r.ililc. 
liiis  ilcii,'    ln'cim.'  a    s.i.il   lip    spirit,   an. I    iliis    spirii    is    celi'd 

Kaiiiiok'i    M.il Mikoltii."      lliis  is  jn-t    aliont  as    I'.ir   as  tli- 

Mi.'iitiric  iiiilerialists  .if  ilii'  ppcsi'iii  il.iy  li  ivc  liroiiv'lil  tin  i 
ilis.'iplcs.  I'lii*  rc.iili-r  11  ill  oliM'rv'c  li-iw  iof.-i'i'ir  in  u'lMmli'itr,  sine 
|iln'ily,  anil  siii.li'in' ilisiin,  tm',,  it  i,  i  ,  i  he  ».ir.ls  of  (iciusis: 
••.\inl   tU'   Spirit    ol'tiil   111  ivi'il  up'iii   til.'  tiii'i'   of  ill.'  ival.'is.' 

I'lirity  111   lii.iit   a'lil  lili'   Is  tli.' ni'i'.iM'.'iini I  Siiii.i.iis  ,,,  «i,i,.|i 

.ilirn  etil.'i-i'i's  pmlly  .if  li.i.ly  liy  ci-.' ii.ini  il  onlinaiii'.'s  aln.il 
I  evilii-iii.  .\liiiri.i_'.' is  pi'nii.llcl  t.i  siiii.M  pricsis;  unlike  tiiov 
ot  itii.lillii.  III,'  "  .Miisail.i '  l,.„|iii,.  ,1  j.,l|y  liC,.  (p,>,r  fi'lioivl)  huIi 

si'voii  wivi's,  h.'  ln'iii;.;  ill, ly  niiiii  in  .l.ip.m  •,,  wiiom  micIi  i|ii.s- 

!i 'iialile  I'lijoyiiii'iil  is  piriiiitieil.  'I'lic  Sinto  ,s  iillmi  iln-ip  liair  lo 
fc'Piiw,  iiii'l  wi'.ip  a  n'mirkiililc  jii'ail-ili'.'^s,  rcsi'inliliiii;  ;iii  iiivcrii-.i 
li  i.il,  !a,-.pi,riil,  .iii'l  iilU'ii  of  a  most  Inilliiint  c.,l..iir.  Tint','  is 
unolln  T  ri'lu'ioiis  li  lii-f.  iir  ra'li.'P  iiiili' !ul',  piivaleni  in  ,l;ip:iii. 
c.illi'il  ".Sntii,,,"  uliicli  is  iijH'ii  to  all  s  ipir-t  lioi.s  Imi  in  ilsilf 
li'i'oirni.si's  11,1  ;.,,  I-,  |,'nipl.-s,  or  pi  „.,.*  1,1  n  ,r-le|i:  a.  k  on  :■  .1:;,  s  a 
iiiii\ersil  iM'iiii,!,,!,-  s  .irii  ;  ,l,.iii.',  any  fiiiiirc  stale  of  r,  w.ir.ls  aii.l 
piiiilslinii'.ii-.  aii.l    it  il.Li,  s  lli.it.    Ii.ipi.ini'ss   iiiiisisis  in  a  ri.'liti'<iiis 

lil'i',  ami    111,'   p.pl.,1 lit  man    in   tin'   ppai'lice  nf  tive  cinliiial 

virlMi's  t'l  live  virtuously,  to  if,  riulil.  L.  I,.'  coiirlioiH,  to  iroverii 
wi.sely,   1111,1   1,1   ,,|i,.y    111,.   ciiiii,<>i,.iii'e.        Tlie  I'l'silll  of  this  liii-lili 


moral   iilat 
III    ll 


1,'  ^tal,■ 


c  is  a  li'iiiiliseil   |ir  is'iinti.'ii.  supporliil  »l    t!.-  i'\ 


I  temple  is  diilicated.  stands  in  the  aliriue,  having  on 
e.ich  side  a  tii.'iire  dressed  in  the  ancient  Japanese 
ollieial  cosiiinii-  Krom  the  wall  lian^fs  a  siiliscriptioti- 
list  (lis  usual    in  our  parish  ihitrches.  liiit  this  is  thirty 

I  feet  loiii;!  of  those  who  |iroviile  the  I'.xjien.ses  of  tlio 
seivice  in  honour  of  the  naval  hero.  in  iidditinn  to 
the  one  "jreat  .■sintoo  'I'l'inple.  there  are  various  smaller 
-hriiies  of  the  s.-iiii.'  faith,  the  sites  of  which  liave  lieeii 
pietiiresipiely  .selected,  on  the  .iccli vitie.s  and  oli  the  .siini 
iiiits  of  the  wiioilcd  hills  which  lioiinii  the  town  of 
Sinioiia  l.indwards. 

X      AX   KXCUHSIOX   HOUND  SIMODA. 

TiiK  ciiiiiitry  aliimt  Simoda  is  1  eantifiiUy  varied  with 
hill  and  dale.  There  are  the  usual  si;;iis  of  elalior.ite 
•  lipaii,  se  culture,  altliotioh  trom  the  nioie  sparse 
popiiltion  of  the  neiohKiiiii'l,,,.,,!  there  is  niore  land 
left  in  euiiiparatlvely  liarreii  ci  inlitiini  tliali  fiiilhei  up 
the  hay  towards  the  capital.  I  he  liottotil  and  .sides  nf 
the  valley  are  (.'ovcied  with  o.iij,  us  iiiiil  tielils.  which 
are  well  w.itered  hy  the  stieaiiilets  which  )1"»  thloui;h 
every  valley,  and  wh  eh.  liy  artilici.il  arian>,'i  iiaiits.  are 
diverted  tioiii  their  einirse,  and  pour  tlieir  tertilisiiij; 
waters  ovei  the  lainl  Iroin  terrace  to  tl'lliu  e  'I'here 
aru  four  principal  Mll..;;es,  near  Siniodx.  I'liki.  (iuki, 
or  rersiiiinian  )H.iiit.  Ins  at  the  end  ol  the  liarlamr, 
and  contains  liaiely  twoliiindred  liinise.s.  (Ineof  ils 
mona.steries,  known  liN  the  naii.e  of  (iokii  zlien-zlii,  was 
set  apart  like  tin-  l\hia  /.hen  zhi,  in  Sin.odii.  a.s  a  place 
of  resort  of  the  foiciu'iiers  ;  and  within  the  tjroiind 
atla.he.l  is  the  liiiiial  place  iipprojiriiitcd  to  tiie 
Ameiiciiis.  I'liere  is  a  O'liiil  atichorap' at  Kaki-ztilii. 
for  jiiiiks.  and  many  ot  tiiem  take  in  their  cai'ooe.s 
rather  than  at  fsiniod.i.  l'a.s^itlL;  oNcr  the  hills  in  a 
.soi.tli  easlei  ly  dnetioii,  we  inliie  to  the  \  illaof  of 
l.iisaki,  w  liich.  with  lis  two  hiiioln  d  Iioiim  s  oi  si,.  h:iii<.'s 
iipmi  the  deili\ily  of  a  wooi!ed  loliMiIe.  witli  it.s  front 
exlelidino  down  to  the  laai  h,  and  fai  il.o  the  waters 
olthe  inlet.  it.s  iiihaliilaiils  are  ^m  nerallx  ti.slicrnien, 
and  tlieir  1  oats,  iiiid  e\eii  laroer  m-mIs.  ap|  roacii  tlie 
shore  at  aii\  .state  of  the  tide  i'li  m  l.ii-aki,  a  jjooil 
road  leads  in  a  iimilieily  din  i  tion.  to  the  \  ill,ij,'e  of 
."^otowili,  a  sliiall  li.ilnU't  also  .situated  iit  the  sea  side, 
I'lit  with  a  pleasing  laiid.si  a|H'  inwiii  d.  >ai  ii  d  hv  ciliti- 
v.ited  tielils  and  an  ulidilLnwlh  i|  dw  art  oiik.s.  A 
lar;,'i  r  pl.e  ••.  the  towii  of  .^'hiia  lama,  or  W  liite  lieacli, 
cMeiids  II-  liniisis  alolij;  a  .salidv  Ik.icIi,  .some  tliiee 
mill's  ili.si  ,1.1  troiii  Sotowia.  iiiid  i.s  con  |  iiiatiM-ly  a 
lloiirishiiiu'  SI  till  nil  lit,  ^■ewlal  i|iiarries  of  trachyte, 
or  i;|eeiis|,ine,  ale  tiiaiked  in  the  iieio|il.iiiii  liii.d,  and 
larye  i|iiaiililies  'it  ,  liaicoal  ale  prep.iled  on  the  forei-t- 
Clowned  lulls  in  ili<.  ii,ir.  'liiiniiiL'  we,st«ardly,  and 
a.scndiiiu'  the  liills  i,.«,irils  ^lllla  li.'iii.a.  tin  liii;lie.st 
summit  ^\iiliiii  tJM'  iiiiiisof  >imoila  is  ri  ai  hi  d  tiom 
which  the  whole  Miilhiin  ana  and  luiaoili  of  the 
pellill-lll  1   ol     Iiit'ii    call    he   seen   at    one    j;l,il|ie  I'arlell 

peaks  iise  t'l  the  \iitt,  i.f  thickly  win.did  hilU  wimsu 
sides  open  into  \.iile\s,  down  whnh  the  wild  vej;t!- 
tatioii  tlmiiu-  iiiHil  I  In  I  ki  d  hy  the  eidliire  of  tlio 
liild-  ill  t  siiiioi|ii,|  the  l.ii-\  lialidcts  it  the  iioltom. 
Where  the  in  holder  >l  nids,  on  the  siiinmil  ol  the  hill, 
there  is  II  Miiall  woodi  n  sliriiii.  almost  liiddi  ii  in  a 
i;p,,\  e  .,|  piin  s  'I'iie  iiiiiiieiins  pii  t  iili .-,  (lowi  i^.  i  oppi f 
cish,     rai.'s.     and     •leci.pitiitid     iiuenes.     f.iiiid    within, 


ilr.lc 


mill  the  ri'){iilar  sule  ami 
pur[Ki!i^-*s. 


ipiarlri'  111 


r  tl 


le   I'llv 


.l.■^ I   t, 


iiiiiiet'  11(1  of  I'liil'ln  a   for   siicli  tilth' 


attest  till 
till    III 


pojiul.irity  of  the 


/ll 


De 


inlliit.'    tl 


I,,., its,  the    ileity  of 
ll    liv    lis   noithweslerti 


the 


laroe.-.t  vtilli'v  111  the 


iiintrv  round  is  en 


ilereU. 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


«01 


*"~--     ^-7 


y'x     ,^ 


Mm    w'-': 


A   POLICEMAN   OF    YEODO. 

Tlif>  rivof  Tiinil/.oipiinia.  wliirli   llnws  into  tlic  (lar  nii  r\(iMit   tfiat    uniilil    narilly  lie  lidii-vi'd    liy  i/iif  wlm 

li'mr  (if   Siiiinda,    |iass('s   lliKm.'li    (lii>.    iri'i;.'atiii;;    the  wa-i    imt    I'aiiiiliar  u  itli    flu'   |..,|iiiliiii-i    I'uiiiilriic   of   llm 

'iiltivaliil    liaiiks,    ami    .<u>laiiiiiii,'    the    loiMiiifri-i'    <>t'  lla^l.      Kvci'v  hill  i^  l.ii'  a  >iir.rs>iciii  of  ti'iraics,  risiiij; 

till' various  \  ill  lyi-s  and    town.s  in   tin'   interior.     Tlic  one  ahovc  the  oihii-.  iVuni  the  hase  (u  the  summit,  ami 

hairilet     ol'    lliini;n,    ciiiitaiiiinj;    about    one     hiiiiili'eil  ;,'rL'('ii  witli  the  growth  o|' liee.  ha 


nnii    lil'lv    hoM»e<.  is  situated  on    tlie   ri\er.    whieh  has     yraii 


At     tJK 


riev.  «  heal,  an 
He 


I  olh< 


leen    I 


lammed    it    that    snot,    and    turns    live    wmier-     lira  uehe.s  oil' tVoin  t 


i|«'inni;    '<\    a     smaller    valley,   whie 
le  Miaio  one   near  I  loni'o.  is  a  .snia 


shot     mills     tiir 
1 


■anni''    nee. 


Th 


leration     Is     <>ne  e.dled   Ki 


he.  (roin  the  lutns  terr;u'euiona.sterv 


|«'rt'ornied    I'V    a    veiy    snniile     i...ielinie.    whieh    eot\ 


irliy.    Kioni  lloiiiio  iIm'  v  illev  w  idi'Us  nioreaiMJ  nion 


Nl.st.s      of     a      |irojeelnij{     |iU'ie     n| 


■iltai  lii'd    at  riuht  aii;;les  li 


tl 


tone,     uniM  It  reaelii's   Simoda.    where   it    lorins  an   opei 


le    enil     ol 


aiU  lex  el 


vvliiil.    |)lays  iipoli  ii   iiori/.onlal 


d   is 


pause, 


illi 


plan 


d  dc 


Kk. 


moveil  n|i     r:iie,'e  ot  hills,  .md  up  tli,>;r 


sin 


.MoiiiT   the    hast"  of  llie 
the    direetioii    nf 


III 


1    pestle   uiakin;;  iii    a   nioit:ir 


r 


IIS     ihi>  h.'irlioiir,  the  nuiiieroiis  iMrni  hou-e.s  and  alioiindinu 


iihle  niaeliiiierv  is  oeeasii 


n.illy  worked  !iy  water,  a.s  at  man  iries.  many  of  them  of  slmie  and  with  suhstiintial 
lliaiL.'o.  I>ut  mole  I'lecpi.'utly  hy  a  man,  who  steps  wall-  of  the  same  malerial,  exhilal  a  i  lieerlid  prospect, 
allirnatelv  oil  and  on  the  hni;;  end  of  the  lieam.       Tl 


>t   tliritt    and    eoi 


llofl 


ir    ille    tliere    u.llitlll!'    <VI- 


rniraf  lloiii^o    is    ii.iv  i'.iddi'    lor    llat  liotleined    lioa's,     di'liee  uf  lii.xiiiiant   eiijuyment  in    (he    handsome   .striii- 
vnIiIiIi  fre(|nenl  the  plueelia-  eharei'.al,  L,'ia;n.  stone,  and     lure  of  the  dwellin;,'  limise^.  with  iheir  ple;isiire  jiroiindM 


otiiei 


irollllels. 


■nnliA     ahoul     is     heaiilifiilly     ailofuedwilh   p; 


-lures  III    vane 


-aled    tlo«( 


ititieial 


divei-sitied,  and  tin.' culture  of  till!  land   is  eiirrird  oii  to  ;  pniid.s  of  gold  lisli,   anil  faiiey   dwarf  Hliade  and    fruit 


ji! 


!    I 


I    j 


1 


i  ill 


m 


I'll  i 

:  i  I 

I  i  i 

i  ■■ 


■M 


ifj! 


Ill 


302 


ALL  ROUND  THB  WORLD. 


troes.  West  of  Simoila,  the  villages  are  siiiiller,  and 
the  hills  which  llaiik  tlii'iii  nf  less  height.  In  that 
dilTcticiH  there  lire  no  villages  of  a  shiirter  dist-mee 
thiiii  five  miles  fnini  the  town  of  Sinioila.  Near  this 
sea-side  settlt  iiieiit  toward  the  soiith-wi'st,  the  iiihahi- 
tants  have  excavated  large  ehanilieis  in  the  ciitl's  some 
hundred  feet  troni  the  shore,  in  whieh  they  store  the 
sea-weeil,  whieh  is  a  favourite  article  for  chewing,  as 
toliacco  is  u.s«'d  with  us,  and  whither  the  tishernien 
occasionally  resort  for  shelti'r.  The  lower  hills  in 
every  direction  are  covered  with  w.jod,  from  which 
large  sujiplie.s  of  charcoal  are  made,  which  is  extensively 
used  for  domestic  and  manufacturing  i)urjiipses. 

XI.— APrROACH  TO  YEDIX). 

Some  account  of  the  ]ieculiar  and  decisive  step  tnken 
hy  the  Hritish  Kmhassy  under  Lord  Klgin  to  olilain  a 
pirsonal  interview  witli  the  governing  |io«t'rs  of  Japan 
at  Yeddo  or  Yedo — the  chief  Jiort,  if  not  the  real 
capital  of  the  empire— will  furnish  at  the  sanu'  time 
the  hest  ilescriptiou  of  the  Imy  or  gulf  by  whieh 
Yeddo  isapproachcii,  and  which  constitutes  the  suliject 
of  our  illu>lralion.    {Seep.  18(j.) 

The  Knglish  .ships  got  under  weigh  from  Simoda 
nt  daylight  on  the  morning  id  the  12lh  of  Atigust, 
and,  with  a  fiir  wind,  proceeded  rapidly  up  the  hay, 
pa.ssing,  on  their  left,  a  mountain  range  aliout  (l.(MM) 
feet  in  lieiiilit.  The  shores  now  li-gaii  to  close  in, 
and,  at  the  Str.iits  of  I'raga,  which  they  reached  in 
idiout  live  hours  from  Siinoda.  they  are  not  ahove  ten 
miles  apirt.  At  this  pi-int  the  scenery  was  ]iri'tty; 
vuiodcd  hills  rose  from  the  w.iter's  ed;,'!',  sloping  gently 
hick,  hrri'  anil  theiv  deeply  t'urrowicl  with  a  cliaiming 
glen,  in  which  eott.iu'es  with  steep  thatched  roofs  and 
overhanging  eaves  weie  snugly  ensciiuced.  The  western 
hhure  re.semhleil  some  )p.irts  of  the  coa.-t  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight.  The  town  of  I'lMga  itself  is  the  most  im- 
portant lodkiiig  place  on  the  coast.  It  is  considered  a 
sort  of  liarriei-  to  Yeddo,  and  even  country  ir.d't  rnu.>t 
stop  liere  to  give  an  ai'count  of  themseh e>.  '{\\<t  hoat- 
loads  ^^f  two  sworiied  otlici.tls  pusheil  olf  in  hasleas  they 
steamed  U]>,  anil  iiy  yotieulations  and  gestures  nf 
entreaty,  in\iled  thiiu  to  stop;  out  they  passed  on 
iilterly  inilill'iient  to  their  sign.als  ;  and  as  they  left 
them  far  lielniid  they  (uiild  still  discern  them  tiigi.'ing 
hopeli>sly  alter  tluiu  in  the  \.-,in  attempt  to  overt.ake 
a  steamer  of  |IM)  In ir<i'  power  goiiiL'  at  lull  speed. 

They  emilil  scarcely  helieve  tlu'ir  eyes,  when  at 
anihor,  the  same  night,  tiny  oliserved  these  identical 
iHiats  jiiill  alongside,  they  having  never  relincpiished 
the  pursuit. 

.Meanwhile  they  steamed  ,stcadily  on  through  the 
wateis  traversed  for  the  first  time  hy  ( 'omino(liire 
I'erry's  sipiadmn  a  few  years  ai:o,  and  cousiipiently  Imt 
littl.'  siM  viyeil.  I'a.ssing  tin!  I'erry  and  Welister 
islands,  jiiettily  wooded  and  of  a  picturesijue  tiirni, 
they  lame  within  sight  of  the  Itiissian  sipi  idron  an 
chored  it  Kanagawa,  at  ahont  mid  day.  This  )ilaie  i^ 
situated  at  a  distain  (?  of  cii;hlien  miles  trorn  Yeddo 
1 1  a Ifords  good  uuehomge  almiit  iialfariiile  from  tlu' 
shore;  it  is  a  town  of  consider.dile  impoi  lame,  and  has 
been  sileiiid  as  one  of  the  new  jiorts.  (,'iiiiiit  I'milialine, 
who  h.i  I  proceeded  to  .lapan  direct  from  thetJulldf 
I'e  cIh'  li,  had  arrived  lure  about  a  fnrtnight  previonsly, 
and  been   eng:iged  during  that  period  in   making  ar 


rsniiiiiiii  n 


Is   U<v  h 


pro, 


ler    receplioi 


It   ihi 


•ap 


itnl. 


I  determim^d  to  adopt  the  unprecedented  eoiu'se  of  sniling 
.straight  up  to  the  capital,  believing  that,  if  the  achieve- 
nu'iit  were  feasible,  it  would  not  only  .sjive  valuable 
time,  but  that  the  presence  of  our  ships  there  would 
pioiluce  a  most  salutary  etlect  upon  the  ( iovernnieut, 
aiel  in  all  probabilily  tend  to  facilitate  negotiations. 
It  was  eminently  fir;iinate  that,  on  occasions  of  this 
sort,  lie  had,  in  ("aptaiu  Slnrard  Osborn,  a  cummander 
iijioii  whose  zeal  and  professional  skill  he  could  always 
place  the  most  perfe<a  reli,iiice. 

The  unexpected  appearance  of  the  Knglisli  Kmhassy 
must  have  somewhat  astonished  their  Mii.sco\  ite  friends, 
more  espcciiiHy  as  they  )ia.ssed  on  at  full  speed  up  the 
bay,  whci-e  no  western  ship  li.id  ever  before  \iiiiiired. 
Up  to  this  point  the  western  shore,  under  which  they 
had  been  coasting,  was  uniformly  liigli  and  broken, 
with  projecting  promontories  ;  now,  howevir.  it  sank 
toalevel  with  the  w.iti  IS  of  the  bay.  The  soiiinlings 
in  I'erry's  chart  ce,ise  Just  before  reaching  Kana.saki 
I'oint,  a  very  long  .sandv  spit  which  runs  tar  out  into 
the  bay,  and  otf  which  the  .Japanese  have  placed  a 
beacon. 

The  water  now  becinie  shallow  and  the  channel 
sum.  w  hat  intricate.  They  were  just  doubting  whether 
tlx'  undertaking  was  pr.icticable.  when  thev  s.iw  in  the 
distance  smiie  laix'c  sipiare-rigged  ships  of  a  tonnage 
which  satistied  tlieiii  that  their  anchorage  would  do  for 
them;  but  fir  a  moment  they  ft  It  bitterly  di.sap|Hiinted 
at  the  tliscovei-y  of  Kiiro|M'an-built  ships,  betoki'iiiug, 
as  tln-y  supposed,  the  presence  of  some  foreiL;ii  flag 
more  enterprising  th.'in  their  own.  It  was  only  when 
they  approac  hed  m  anr  that  they  ]iercei\i'il  that  these 
western  loiikiiig  ciafl  were  in  reality  .lapanese,  and 
observed  the  white  ll.ig  with  the  red  ball  tioating 
from  the  peak  of  a  d.ipper  little  siiamer,  and  marking 
it  '•  Iiiipeiial." 

(iradnally,  liehiiid  these  ves-sels,  the  island  Ibrls.  and 
then  tin-  houses  of  the  citv  of  ^'eddo,  ro.se  into  view, 
(iently.  with  two  leads  going,  they  crept  up  to  the 
long-desired  haven,  closely  fiillnwcd  by  the  liitrilmtifrn 
and  }iiclit  ;  and,  by  two  oVKick  the  same  afternoon, 
atli  r  a  most  prosperous  passage  from  Simoda,  thev 
alicliMi-eii  not  fir  from  the  .bip.nnsc  (hit,  at  a  distani'e 
of  .iliiillt  three  miles  fi-iiiM  the  slmie  and  fi\e  hum  the 
capiial  of  the  eni|iire. 

t'aptain  Sheiard  tlsbnrn,  the  naval  lieio  of  this 
exploit,  gives  a  slh.rt  gr.iphic  description  of  the  jiio 
ci'cding,  as  will  as  of  the  (iiilfof  Niddo  itself 

The  dapaliesc  authorities,  we  are  tnld,  were  i'\  iili  litly 
determined,  if  otiiciai  obsiiiniiM  ncss  could  stoji  the 
embassy,  to  leave  no  ellorls  untried  to  do  wi.  Even  in 
the  open  sea,  betwei'u  N'ries  N'nlcano  aid  tlie  nntraiieo 
of  Yeddo  tiulf,  two  guard  boats  succeeded  ill  throwing 
themselves  ill  their  track.  At  first  the  fifficcr  ot  the 
«ateh  innocently  belieMil  them  to  be  fislierinon,  and, 
dreaming  of  turbot  and  mackeiel,  edged  towards  the 
lioats,  fiivoiiriiig  the  .lapanese  niameuvre.  When  al- 
most ujion  the  ships  biiHs,  up  went  the  liitle  .sipiani 
llr.^.s,  and  mit  popped  iipiii  the  ih  ck  of  each  boat  a 
twosworded  ollicial,  who,  sti'adying  hiiiiseli  agaiii.st 
the  evcessive  motion  by  placing  his  legs  wide  apart, 
waved  fiaiilically  for  the  Fin-ion>i  to  slop.  The  ot1ii-er 
of  the  Witch  li.id  directions  to  be  jierfcclly  chat  and 
blind  tor  the  ne.sl  live  niiniites  I'he  ship  ga\e  a  ^hl■l■|•, 
and  went  dear  olf  the  boats  liy  a  few  yards;  they 
might  as  well  have  reipii'sti'd  the  Mileaiio  behind  theni 
,'0  eea.se  smoking   as   to  yell    tor  them  to  stop.      Stop, 


l.oril  Elgin,  bowuvei',  iii-tead  ol  stopping  at  Kana^aw:;,  |  indeed  !      ^N  hy,  the  old  ship  know  UK  w.dl  a.s  tlie>  did 


CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


203 


i>f    this 


tliiit  tlip  wind  was  fiiirainl  Yfililn  ili;lit  a  licail,  ami  this 
nociiiints  t'lir  Imt  iiu'iviiity  to  Ja|i.iiiisi!  giiinl  ti.ials, 
ami  hiT  |ihivt'iil  kiik-n|)  nt'thc  hi'i'Lsasshe  went  thr<pii;;li 
iho  water  at  a  iiiiu' kimt  sihm'iI.  'J'hii  hist  thi'v  saw 
dt'  tlio  two  (illir<'rs  Wiis  that  om'  jioor  man  piivfoniii'd  a 
soiiu'I's.hiU  as  Ills  hoat  liivcil  into  a  sra  ;  and  a  sonitM'- 
sault  with  Iwo  swords  !)y  Ids  sich',  a  (piicr  cnt  liat  tii-d 
on  liliriilhi  to  Ids  nose,  a  shirt  as  sliU'as  it'  cut  ont  of 
|i;i|ii'r,  and  very  ha;,'L;inL;  tfon^cis,  mnst  In;  a  trat  not 
volnntaiily  f,'onc  thi-on.;li  ;  winic  the  otiicr  olhcor,  who 
wisely  had  hini-ill'  sM|i|i  ir'.ed  hy  two  hoatmcn,  con- 
tinnc'l  to  wave  his  arms  'iki.'  an  insane  semaphore 
NO  Ion;;  as  tin  y  lookeil  at  him. 

poor  f  Hows  !  ih'-y  too  knew  what  it  was  to  sillier  in 
liertoniiaih  e  nt'  orders,  and  1,'iviii:,'  them  their  hearty 
sympatliy,  llie  Kimli-ji  ships  h'I't  the  wortiiies  to  tin  I 
their  way  li.iek  to  tir'ir  shares,  liy  nine  o'eioik  tley 
were  i'aiily  enterin;,' the  limits  of  tin,'  (iulfof  Yeddo, 
ilid  the  refirshiii:;  f^alu  n-ndi'red  their  speed  little  short 
often  miles  an  hour.  Jt  was  a  j{lorioiis  panorama  p.ist 
rthieh  tiiey  were  ra|iidly  sailin;,'.  and  thi^  exhil.ir.itiiiL,' 
elU'ctsof  its  inlliienee  upon  ali,eomhined  with  a  delieions 
climate  ami  iiivi;,'oraliii^  hri'eze,  was  visiMe  in  the 
i^listeiMii^  eyes  and  cheurfnl  looks  of  tlie  olliicrs  and 
men,  who  crowded  to  g.ize  upon  the  jiietnre  that 
iinrolleil  itself  liil'ore  them.  'J'lie  si'eiiei-y  was  neither 
'ndiaii  nor  ( 'Innese,  and  presented  more  of  tin,'  featiii'es 
of  a  land  williin  tlie  temperate  than  of  (.ne  tiaiehini; 
the  torrid  zone.  The  lower  and  ncirer  portions  of  the 
shori's  of  the  (iiilf  resi'inliled  strongly  smiie  of  the 
most  ]iietures(pie  spots  in  our  own  di'ar  islands,  yet  we 
have  no  }{nll' in  Ihitain  upon  siieh  a  scale  as  that  of 
Veddo.  Take  the  la  i  rest  portions  of  the  Co  ist  of  Devon- 
shire, and  all  the  shores  of  the  Isle  of  \Vi;;lit,  form 
with  their  <'onil)ined  heanty  a  ;;nlf  <if  forty  live  miles 
lung,  and  varyiin,'  iii  width  from  ten  to  thirty.  In 
every  tiook  and  valley,  as  well  as  alonj»  every  sandy 
way,  |ilaee  pretty  towns  and  villap's,  cut  out,  all  hriik 
.111(1  plaster.  \il!as  wiiji  (Jorinthian  ])ortieoes.  and  intro- 
duce the  iieal''st  i"/»i/('/,<  S.»  itZJ,"i,ind  ever  plodilced  — 
strt'W  the  l>rii,dit  si'a  with  ipiaiiit  vessels  and  pieture-ipie 
lioats,  and  you  will  h  ive  the  fori'ground  of  the  pi<t  ure. 
Kor  l)aok,i,'round  scatn  r  to  tin;  east  ward  the  (iinst 
scenery  our  II  i'.^hl;iudsof  Scotland  can  a  If  ail  have  the 
lilue  and  purple  tint.s  untoin'ieil,  as  well  as  the  jiiiie- 
iree  and  mountain  ash.  Far  hack,  titty  miles  off,  on 
the  W'stern  side  of  tin"  (Julf,  ami'lsl  masses  of  snowy 
clouds  and  streams  of  ijohlen  mist,  let  a  lot'ty  mountain 
range  lie  st  en.  and  ut  its  eenire  rear  a  magnilicent 
cone,  the  heantifiil  Fusi-yama,  the  '•  Mati'hless  .Moun- 
tain" of  Japan,  ami  then,  perhaps,  the  reader  can  in 
some  Way  )iicturo  to  his  mind's  ryo  the  heanties  erf  the 
(jiilf  of  Yeddo,  in  the  loveliness  of  thai  tn-i'jlil  d.iy 
when  it  (iist  i.'laddcncd  the  sight  of  llu'  inemln'isof  the 
Itritish   Mmhassy. 

The  ri'lieshing  gah"5  drove  the  ships,  like  sea  gulls. 
past  tilt!  nohle  hinlls  h^tween  t '.i|m's  Sagaini  .and  Ka 
misaki.  The  shore,  to  which  they  approaihcd  within 
a  tliou.sand  yards,  was  liiistling  with  h.iticriis  .ind 
swarniiiig  with  guard  hoats,  of  which  several,  wilh 
ollicers  and  linguists  on  lioard.  pn  hed  oil',  ami  trnd 
thi'ir  liest,  by  signals,  to  iiduce  ihiui  to  stop.  They 
only  gave  them.selves  time  to  imte  that  the  promising; 
little  port  of  Iragiia  w.is  full  of  native  vessels,  ami  th.i' 
there  shelter  might  he  very  likely  louinl,  it  the  anchor- 
age in  the  (iulf  proved  in.seeuie.  (iiiiihd  hy  tlu! 
e.xcellcut  map  and  ihart  of  ( 'ommoiiure  Perry,  they 
liauled  iu  for  the  wu.slerii  nhores  to  avoid   a  dangerou-' 


'  sho.il,  called  l.y  the  Americans  Saratoga  .-^pit,  and  tliPli 

Ipnre  away  ihalh.      Tla'y  sighti'd  rapidly,  one  after  the 

other,  the  various  points  tind   headlands   mentioned  hy 

,  Perry,   ami   recognised  Tiiaiy  Point,  near  which  tlio 

j  .\mericaii   treaty  of  Mar<  h  ill,   I  s.i  |.,   was   ncyol  iated. 

In   the   hay  of   Kanagawa,  an   e\li.inely    pnlly  indeii 

tation  niiiin   the  west  < -I,   ju^t   li.  \oni|    I'li'aty   lihilf, 

they  saw  at  anchor  t'n'  lln-sian  frigate  /.'si-n/il  ami  a 
despatili  gnnho.it.  The  foniier  tliey  knew  had  on 
lioaiil  his  l'',.\eelleiicy  t'ount  Ponlialme.  the  Itussian 
Plenipotentiary,  and  he  w.is  doiilptless  hiisdy  laliouring 
<in  lii'half  of  his   imperi.il   master,  inuoiiList    thelreaty- 

I  hewildercd  J.lpanese.       The  /'»;■/ i».t  W.is   in  tell   tilllloli'S 

of  wati'f,  and  it  seemed  (piile  nnn'.isonaMe  to  h.iul  out 
of  the  high  road  to  tlu!  capital  and  anchor,  liiciu'-e 
other  |ieople  had  doni;  .so.  at  K.ina'gawa.  N\  ilh  the 
sanction  of  l.oid  KIgiii,  the  /■'uritnin  ami  L'firih'ilinn 
hoii!  away  for  N'eddo.  Mr.  IIcw~kiii,  the  iiih  rpretiT, 
had.  whilst  accompanying  .Mr.  Harris   in    hi-   list  \i-it 

!  to    \'i'ddo,   1 n   carried    on    one  occasion    in   .a  small 

.lap.iiiese  steamer  from  Kanagawa  to  t  he  i-.ipilal  ;  hir, 
from  his  oh.serv.ations  upon  thai  occasion,  he  was  led  to 
hilii've  that  extensive  iniid  lianks  haired  llie  approach 
to  the  city.  Vet  he  siu'u'c^ted,  what  they  loiind  to 
have  been  the  casi'.  tli.il  I  iie  Japani^e  oIlieriN  had  taken 
the  vessids  liy  a  very  shallow  rout;  e.\iiressly  to  mislead 
the  new-comers. 

liattliiig  along  ainon:.'st  Ih  cts  of  na' ivi' hoats  of  all 
Kizes  roiiml  the  shallows  of  P.eaeoii  point,  they  went 
oil' the  Aniei  icaii  cli.iii  on  t"  re  dly  unki.ow  n  yroiind, 
heyotid  the  maps  of  Siel.oldand  Kieinplir,  which  gave 
them  the  coast  line  and  guided  tiiem  lo  the  north- west 
corner  of  the  gulf,  .-us  the  site  of  Vedilo.  Oi\  a  very 
clear  day,  from  I'm  a'oii  Point,  the  .sonthirn  siiluirh  of 
Veihlo,  named  Sin.igawa,  may  doiihtle.ss  he  visible,  as 
Well  as  the  hills  situalt^d  within  the  limits  of  the  city 
itself,  but  the  strong  gde  before  which  they  v.ere 
blown  lia'l  cau.st'd  a  h  i/.e  that  hid  fill  from  theiii, 
except  the  outline  of  .-ioine  low  hills  to  the  north 
West. 

Directly  they  were  clear  of  the   sho.ils.  and  that  the 

land  appraiid  to  recede  from    them,  they  h mled  in  for 

it,  and    pre  ently   tlii'y   s;iw   four   sipiare  liuucd    vessels 

riding  at    anchor  under   the    land.      When    iliey   boro 

I  X.W.  by  compass,  they  steered  for  them.      The  .soiind- 

,  ings  comn.i  nred  to   diminish   steadily,  but   it  matti'icd 

i  not,    for    Were    there    water    for    those    vessels    there 

:  must  be   nearly  enough   for   lis  ;  and,  'it  any  rale,  the 

I  bottom    W.IS   a   itice   soft    unctuous   mud.  if   they   did 

I  lia|ipin    ti>  stick  their  keel    in  it.     Their  liopis  were 

not  destined    to  be    disappointed,  for  n|)  out  of  the  .sea, 

i..id  oiii  of  till'  mist.  ro>e  one  stariling  novelty  after 

another.      Huge   balli'rics,   bi^    eiioimh    to  delight  the 

•  V..ir    Nicholas — temples— the  imperi.il  jialace— Yeddo 

itself  coming   round    the   bay.   all    for  the    first   time 

1  "'ked    upon    from  the  decks  of  a  foreign  man  of-war. 

The    four   M|iia'e  riLi^'ed  vessels   proved    lobe  ,Iapaliese 

nicn-of  Will- ;   ami  «  Inn  we  hail   l'iinii;ht    them,  iis  well 

IS  the  batteries,  well  under  coinmaiid  of  our  gnus,  the 

I'll ri ■>'.••  and  the    iiilrilnitiiiii   anchored  in   tweiiiy-four 

fret  water,  as  well    as    tli.'    little  yacht    /■Jni/ii-mr,  that, 

under  a  pre.-s  o|    .sail   and    steam    had    been    fruitlessly 

living     to     oVeriako    the     laigir    vcs.-els     since    tliev 

entered  the  gulf 

j        '  Sh;ide     of     Will      .\dains'"     e\(  laimed     Captain 

Slierard   Osboiu.      At    List    thepravir    of  the   eaii'is* 

old  s.iilor.  that    his  counirymen  mi^ht  reap   wealth  and 

advantage  from    eoiumerci.d    relations  with  J.ipan.  wai 


il 


I     ,1 


204 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


iilujut   til   lio    Cuifillpi].      Two    hiniilrni    iinil   (it'tviiylit 

years    liml   cliiii.scil  sii lie   iiikI  his   lialC  w  rirkiil   nliip 

liail  lirrii  iiii,'li  till'  viTV  s|i()t  ill  wliidi  llicy  were,  anil 
now  liis  niuiitniiii  II  liml  npiiir  ill  fanit'st.  Tlii'V  lirld 
till'  ••iii|iiri'  of  tlic  Kii.st,  ami  liad  won  tlii^  wealth  of  ill 
tint  Imlii's  ;  ami  tlu;  arms  of  Kii:;laml,  ami  ihc  skill  of 
I  III'  aiiiliassailoi's,  hail  tlimwii  down  all  tin'  harriers  set 
up  liy  ('liiiia  aiiainst  foi'i'i;;ii  Iraih-  or  intrrroiii'si'. 
(li'i'at  Itritain.  ill  those  two  hundred  iiiiil  twenty-live 
years  wliiili  had  intervened  sinee  the  eessatioii  ofcoiii- 
iiieret"  with  .la|iaii,  liad  earefiilly  paved  the  way  to  the 
point  lit  wliieh  it  was  no  ImiLrer  po>>ilp|e  to  tuleiale  the 
excliLsiviiie-s  of  an  iinporiant  ami  wealthy  enipiie  ; 
.iiid  ail  Kurdish  sijuadniii  and  an  Kiii^lish  Anilias>ador 
were  now  oil'  the  eapital  of  .Japan,  the  hearers,  it  is 
inie,  iif  a  niessaiie  ol'  i;ooil-will,  Init  yet  lo  show,  in  a 
way  not  to  he  mistaken,  that  tli"  hour  had  arrived  for 
•  lapiii  to  yielil  to  reason,  or  to  he  |irepMred  to  sillier. 
IS  ihi-  Court  of  I'ekiii  had  done,  for  its  obstiiiaey. 

Xir— LAXDTNO  AT  YKDDO. 

'rrE.siiAV,  the  IT'li  of  .August,  ''anie  in  a  ylorioiis 
d.iy  to  pay  lionoiir  to  the  entry  of  the  lii'st  i'.ritish 
.\mhass,'idiir  to  .lapan  sinee  the  year  I'il.'t,  when  the 
■•ii\iiy  of  .lames  I.  was  favoiirahly  reeeived  liy  the 
I  hell  ieii,'iiiiiLr  emperor,  ('aptaiii  Marker  had  ariain,'ed 
that  without  letting'  the  .lapane-e  into  the  secret  of 
their  proeeeiliiiL;s,  the  lamlini;  slimild  lie  elleeteil  in 
the  most  solemn  and  iinpo>in^  maiiner.  lielittiiiL;  the 
lepi'eseiit.'itives  of  our  lielovi'd  sovereii;n,  and  so 
ilioroiiiilily  to  foil  the  plan,  aeeideiilally  diseovered  mi 
'he  previous  day,  ot  makiin;  Lord  Klijin's  eiitrv  into 
Veddo  ii  hole  aiideorner  atl'air.  unai'i'ompanied  liy 
pomp  and  eereniony.  The  Imats  of  the  sipiadron  were 
prepared,  liianiied.  and  .irnied  ;  the  llitrilnithui  eonlri- 
liiited  lier  liiind.  the  ships  were  'li'es.sed  with  lla;;s,  and 
when  all  was  reaily.  the  .\mlia>sailor  on  hoard  the  Aw, 

oinpaiiied    liy  ii  ]iei feet    llolilla    of  Imats,    proceeded 

Inwards  the  liatteries.  The  .(apaiiese  ollicer  and 
Veiioske,  who  had  lieeii  sent  oil'  to  escnrt  his  V.\- 
'I'lleney  to  the  shore,  wi  re  miii'li  struck  liy  all  these 
preparations  :  they  even  ceased  to  take  notes,  which 
was  a  serious  sj^rn.  '["he  /,.■<■  tlireailed  her  uay  eare- 
I'ully  towards  all  aiiclioi'iijri!  used  liy  the  nati\e  craft 
\  euoske  pointed  out  to  (,'oiiiiiiaiider  (ii'aham  a 
diHerent  route,  hetweeii  two  of  the  outer  liatteries, 
u  here  the  Lf",  Would  certainly  have  run  ai;rnund,  hut 
Ills  friendly  suu^est  ion  was  imt  adopted.  Within  the 
line  of  liatteries  the  l.ff  was  olilii^ed  in  anchor;  the 
priiee.Hsioii  of  lioats  imw  formed,  the  jjalleys  of  the 
sipiadroii  with  their  culleis,  with  the  ollieers  of  their  | 
respective  ships  dressed  ill  full  uniform.  Astern  of 
thesi',  fiilliiwed  one  of  the  launches  carryiiii,'  the  lialid  ; 
then  came  the  liar<;e  in  which  wa.s  emharked  the 
.Vinliassailiir.  .Ximther  lari,'e  laiiiich  folluwed  in  the 
rear  of  the  liarU''.  and  the  launches  of  the  /'iiiiinis 
kept  at  a  I'liimnicnt  dislaliee,  upon  either  side,  to 
prevent  his  K\eellency  heiiif;  crowded  upon  li\  native 
Imats.  I  111  re  was  real  "  Queen's  weather  "  (o  set  ulf 
to  the  li.'^t  ad\aMl.i;;e  the  .show  where  the  .slii|is 
dressed  with  liii',dit  eoloiired  llajpi,  the  tioals  with 
their  :,'ay  pendants  anil    t'lisinns,    and    laden    wilhineii 

and  K"'is.  had  attr.icted  a  v;i.st  throii!,'  o'h .in  luiiiu's. 

who  cliisteri'd  in  every  open  .sjiace  whence  .1  \  icw  uf 
the  pl'oeessiiin  was  to  he  olitailieil.  The  Im.its  cinsseil 
the  -hall. iw  liaiik,  and  approacl  I'd    the    ollicial    laiidiiiL; 


hand  played  '(  hhI  save  tlie  Queen."  As  for  tlie  Japanese 
olHcials,  they  limked  as  if  lost  in  wumh  r  and  aslonish- 
ineiit  that  such  things  should  Ik-  in  the  capital  of  'J'lii- 
Nipoii.  The  otlieers  of  the  sipiadrun  n  mained  on 
shore  to  esciirt  the  Aiiilia.s.sjidor  to  his  Mii|iiin,  and 
that  done,  all  returned  to  the  ships.  .\  proci  ssioii 
wiLs  formed,  and  wa.s  liy  no  means  iinpictiins'pie.  In 
front  niardieil  11  |Hini|MiMs  ollicial,  in  eonipanied  liy  11 
man  earryin;;  a  spear,  the  li.-idoe  of  authority  ;  he  wiis 
clo.sely  folliiwcil  hy  a  knot  of  nllieiiils  in  a  ne.it  ciistiime 
of  It  ciiarse  limkini;  hlack  ;iaiize,  like  thick  niosipiito 
curtains.  On  their  harks  or  slioiilders  wa.s  stamped 
the  imperial  tnloil.  m-  the  private  arms  of  the  owner. 
Snme  were  dressed  exactly  alike,  others  Wore  lillle  and 
while  ilii's.ses  :  hut  every  iii<li\idiial  w.is  evidently  in 
a  unil'orni  lielittin<;  hi-  laiik  and  |u>sition.  All  these 
men,  howcXer,  wi  re  pinlialrly  servants,  or  ipilte  siih- 
ordinate  nllicials  :  some  carried  alnft  niiihii  ll.is  1  overed 
with  lai'i,'!'  watiipn'i'f  ha^s.  and  others  lai  i|iierid 
portmanteaus  mi  |i<>le-  nvi  r  their  shoulders.  This  was 
.siippo.-ititious  hai.';:ai.'e 

On  e.ieh  side  of  the  |irii<e-siipn  walked  )ioliceniell 
in  a  sort  of  liarleipiin  co.-tnnie.  cumpiiM'd  o!  a.s  many 
colours  a.s  if  their  dnss  was  made  from  a  j'atehwork 
counterpane  :  each  of  tlnse  im  n  earned  iron  rods  si, \ 
or  se'en  tci  t  Imij;,  ficm  the  top  ol  wliiih  di]  ended 
ai|iiaiitily  of  iron  riiiu-.  iSm  i//i  xlidlinn.  \i  201.)  Kvcry 
lime  that  thi>  rod  was  liri>u:.dit  In  the  ^'ioiiliI  with 
the  Jerk  of  aiilhmity.  it  emiiled  a  Imid  .jiiif,de,  which 
was  heard  far  and  wide  i|i|iai;.di  the  en.wd,  and  wax 
res|iectei|  hy  iheiii  ace. .1  diii;;ly        r>ihinil  this  van-^iiard 

came  the  niemhers  of  the  Knil'a--\.    in n  hmsel.ack 

and  some  in  norinimi-  :  :ii,d  n.oie  nn  n  in  lil.n  k  e:iii/e, 
and  iimliiell.i  carriers,  and  \aiiei;;itiil  j  olici  nieii.liioiii-ht 
up  the  rear. 

rpnii  the  suhjeet  of  the  liarli  i|uili  police  at  Yeddo, 
it  is  iieee.ssary  to  remark  that  the  whole  systi  ni  of 
municipal  ^^overnnieiit  in  the  cities  in  Japan  M'euis 
Mry  perfect  There  is  a  mayor  or  f;o\ernor,  some  of 
wlimu  are  eiiii-.s.ii  ie.s,  and  there  area  certain  iiiunlier<jf 
deputies  to  a.-ssist  him.  and  :i  cla.ss  nf  otlieials  who  seem 
to  he  the  mil  run  dlate>  Utween  the  people  and  tlio.su 
ill  alitlimii  V.  and  whose  liiisines-s  it  is  to  receive  aii.l 
|i|esenl  petitimis  and  In  forward  eilnplailits  to  tho 
i;ii\i'rnors,  and  plead  the  cause  of  the  aL';;rie\ed  iii<  nio- 
rialisls.  Then  evirv  stnet  has  its  maj;i-trate,  who  is* 
I'Npccted  to  .settle  all  disputes,  to  know  theningt  IlliliUtO 
details  of  I  he  jn  ivate  iiiiil  jaililie  alhiils<it  every  creature 
within  his  jiirisdictiiili,  as  reported  to  hini  hy  spies; 
and  to  keep  an  aeennite  reeonl  of  hiith.s,  ilealhs  and 
niarria;,'i's.  I'hen  lie  is  re!<|Hinsilile  for  all  hroils  and 
distnrhanees.  and  for  the  j;ii<m1  (ondiiet  of  the  street 
t,'i  inrally.  This  fuiictinnary  is  also  provided  with 
ilepiities.  mill  is  rlectid  hy  the  |  opnlar  voice  of  the 
iiilialiitanis    of  the  stnet.      To    render  the  task    easier, 

the  mele  I selinlders  are  ili\ided  into  small  coiiipaniis 

of  four  or  live  c.icli.  the  head  of  which  is  respmisihle  tn 
the  mai.'isliate  l'..r  all  the  pnKeei|ini,'s  o|  ihi'  iiiemlieis, 
Thiseomplile  m  L.Miii-al  inii  is  fiiiliishid  w  il  h  a  secretary  , 
a  treasurer,  sKcilain  niimliirnf  mes.-i  n^crs,  ,Vc.  Ilesides 
the  rei,'ular  eiiii-taliliN  it  is  patrolled  at  ni;,dil  hytlio 
inliahilants    themselM's    in    Jiallies    of  two    or    three. 

Kroiii   all  which    il  will    show   that  ir  street,"    in  ti 

•lapaiie^e  eitv,  iniistlte  n  .smiiie  of  eoiisideralile  interest 
and  occupation  to  its  inh.ilutanl.s 

.\s  for  tl row d,  it  was   wild    with   <\i  itement,  tlio 

inhahilaiits  of  everv  eioss  street    and    lane  poured  mit 
place,  where  the  t'j.rl  of   F.li;iii  diseiiiliarked,  while  the      In   see    them  pa-s       The    exeiteinCMit  uf  maid  stTViintB 


CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


M8 


in  ciiir  own  I'liiititry,  wlii'ii  tlir  >lriiiii,s  nf  iimiiiiil  iiiiisii- 
fall  ii|mii  lliiMr  fills,  was  ii'itliiim  In  ii.  'I'lirri'  wni' 
liiotlii'i's  witli  siiiull  lialiii'M  liaiit.'iiii;  oil  llicir  .slioiilclcrs, 
rofkli'ss  lit'  tlii'ir  ih'i'iji'iiv,  li.i.>ii>iiiiii;  V<  swi  II  tlii' 
rriivvil  ;  cliililri'ii  ilnijiiiii;;  iiiiiliT  niij  |ii>  i|ili- s  li  „'■;.  iiinl 
nlil  |M'ii|i|i'  IcilliTiiii;  MitiT  rliililri'ii,  siihI  liallnis  nf  liulli 
wNcs,  rri^aiilliss  nf  tin'  firl  lliat  llii'V  ii  I'l  liiitiiiliii  nil 
liilt  siia|i,  or   till'   •la|iaiic^r   siili^titiili'   fur  it,  rruW'liiii; 

till-  iliiiirHav<.      'I'l latliT   uf  |ialti'iis    was   i|iiili'    li' 

iiiai'kalili'.  as  all  tin'  wniin'ii  wi'ar  lii:;li  \v Ii'ii  jiitti'iis, 

wliii'li  all'  Vi'i'V  ii Mvi'iiiriit  In  inn  in,  ami   as    wnnn'ii 

in  •lapali,  as  in  Kii','laii.l,  fninn'ii  tin' largrsl.  |iin|iniiinii 
nt    till'    moll,     tin-    s.'iitlllni;    tlirv    liiaili-    a'Mi'il    tn    tin- 

tllliililt.       Xnt  tli.it  till' I |i|i' will' till- li'ast  rli-ni'ilnly, 

lliry  laii:.'lii'>l  ami  stai'i'cl,  ami  ran  |iirilli'l  wil  li  lln'iii, 
till  stn|i|ii'il  Uy  a  liarrii'i',  fnr  tin'  .la|iaiii-i' aii'  |Mil'i'i't 
ill    till'    inanau'i'liii'iii'lit    'if    rmwils        In    tin'    |irili>'i|i.il 

strri't  tlii'iT  ari'  w Irii  j;atcs  almiit  rvi'i-y  six  liiiinlrril 

varils,  with  a  Kali-ki  rprr  si'ali'il  in  a  liltlu  limiM'  like 
a  tiirii|iiko.  Tin"  iiinnirnt  tin'  I'.inliassy  jt.issiil,  tliw 
1,'atf  wius  shut,  ami  tlir  nl.l  rinwil  was  Irft  lii'liiiiij  tn 
rniwl  tlirniiuli    tin-    lufs.   ami  watrli    with  riiriniis  cyi'-. 

the  iirw  I'l'nwil    tniiniii','.      All    tin'   irn>-*    ~ll Is  riilii 

ini;    till'    main   slii'il    wcri'  .>liiit    nif  frmn    it.  Iiy    i'.i|m> 

slri'tihi'll  arln.->>  thi'lll,  lllnlrl  nr  nvrr  tlli'lll  the  |ii'n|ili' 
iii'Vi'i-  attrni|ili'i|  In  pass. 

Till'  crnwil  wa>,  tn  all  a|i|irar.im'i',  I'lil  ir.'ly  rnni|insci| 
nf  till-  sl|n|ikrr|iii's  ami  InW  cr  rlas>is.  'I'lii-  lii'li  wi'ii' 
liiTi'iitlv  ilnilicil.  ami  till'  wninin  wni-r  a  snrt  nf  ji-ki'l 
alinvc  tlii'ir  skirt,  wliiili  was.  hnwivcr,  i'nii<n'ii'ti'.| 
M|inii  a  ratlirr  /("///■/»'  |iriiiri|ili'.  Tin'  liist,  iin|rrrss;nii 
.i|  tin-  tiiir  si'X  wliirli  tin'  Irivllir  iici'i\i's  in  a 
■  la|iam'si'  rrnwil,  is  in  llir  lii:;lh'^i  ih;,'iii,' unfivnnr.iiiln  : 

I  III'  jjhastly  a|i|ii'ai-aii< f  tin'  f  i.isaml  linsmns,  tlii^kly 

inati'il  with  |inwi|i'r,  the  ahsiini'  nf  lyi'Urnws.  ami  tin' 
lilai-kriii'il  ti'i'lli.  |irni|ii<'"  a  iim^t  {laint'ill  ami  <li'^ 
a<;ri'ralili'  I'lli'it.  Uiii-  it  imt  fnr  this  almniln  ilili' 
I'llslnin,  .lapiiii'si'  wnini-n  wmihl  jirnhilily  rank  liiL,'li 
aninii!,'  I'^i^lmi  iKaiiliis,   riiiainly    lir  lii'fnri' I  him'^c. 

Till'  iit\  nf  Yrililn.  .iml  its  t  w.i  sniiilnrn  MiKniiis, 
Siii'.'awa  ami  t  lin  iirawa.  niiM'  Inn  ml  ihi-  li.iy  f  n'  m-:iil\ 
hn  mill's  ;  ami  siiii.-i'i|iii'nl  i  niii|i  ni.^nii  nl  tlm  ii'iiiarks 
inaili'  Il|inii  its  cxti'lit  lalKlwai'i.  i'niiliriiir<l  llir  I  rlii-f 
I  liat  tin-  aii'.i  nf  Yrihln  nii.'lit  he  i'nii-~iiliii'i|  as  a  sc(imii', 
rM-rv  .-iiji-  nf  wliii-h  was  .-iM'ii  iiiiirs  Inn;;.  Of  cmr^i-, 
I  111'  wlinh' nf  this  jirta  is  mailnM'ly  Imilt.  n\  i-r  ;  imlir>l. 
II  im  caiiital  has  sinh  rafi'  hi'i'ii  taki'ii  l^i  |in>ii'M'  lini' 
npiMi  s|iai-i's,i's|M'i'i.illy  rmiml  tin-  |i.il  i^isnl  I  luir  l•nl|ll■|■nr 
lml  [iiimi'.s.  ami  tin' iiri'.,'liiiniii'linni|  n|'  ili.'ir  ti'iii|ili's 
.iml  Wa-lmiisi-s,  Imth  nf  which  an-  tin-  mn-l ml.  i'i'Mii't> 
nl'  all  ilassi's  ill  Vi'ililn.       Within  llif  liniils  nl'ilic  <iiy 

ari'    .scvi'ial    hills    lA'    i Irr.iti'    i'li'\al  inn,    as    w.il    as 

Liriltlo  slnjit's  ;  ill  all  I'asi'S  liny  wiii'  lint  thinly  Iniilt 
ii|Hiii.  ami  ixli'li^iM'  L'iir'ii'"-.  with  iiiaiiv  iiia'^'niliiinl 
•ii-i's,  prii'i  ipally  aclniiii''l  tlnir  si-h's.  ( tn  .i  lull  wliirli 
lisi's  fi'niii  till'  Inart.  nl'  ihr  rity.  ami  fmni  a  iii.i-s  of 
ilriisi'lv-crnw'iii'il  liiiil'liii<;s,  tilt'  ini|ii'i'i.il  {i.il.iii'  is  liiiilt 
with  a  cii'in  lali'il  wall,  hall'  liiiMrii  hy  i;riiii  hanks 
.iinl  siaiily  trr.s,  within  w  lin^r  limits  ihi'  iiili-r  nf  this 
kiii;;ilniii  is  iiiiniri-si'il  fnr  lifi-  as  tlir  sail  |iriially  nf  his 

lli;;h   |lnsilin||.        Till'    limisi'S    Innk     MIV     III. it      .iinl     rniii- 

tnrtahli',  mill  an'  |iiiiiii|iaily  nf  wnn.l  -.inm'  ml  l.nrk 
ln'iii;;  avniiliil  as  iiiinli  as  |ins.sili|i',  in  i'nii'M'.|iii'ii'  n  nf 
till'  lrii|in'nrv  nf  rail  Inpi  ikis  Nn  walls  imin-i'  thn 
I'itv.  wlin.st' sill'  is  ailiniial'ly  aila|iti'il  tnailinil  nl'iilnin^i 
iinliiniti'il  iiirreasi'  in  iMi'iil.  wiilmul  iiili'ifrrim;  with 
tlr.iiiiii^i',  sii|i|ilirs.  inli  ii  ninniuiiii-al  inn,  nr  ri'a'ly  arriss 
to  thf  walfi>>  n(  tin.'  hay.  w  hiih  iiisiins  tn  tlinsi-   li\  iiig 


iipnii  its'  shnii's,  rli'aiiliin'S.s,  .sna  air.  .iml   an   easy    liiijli 
way. 

.\  rivi'r  in  tlir  Tn'l.i  niwa  llnws  tlirniii;li  tin-  hrart  nf 

\  I'llilo  ;  tlii'V  cniilil  .s mi-  tiiin  liriili,'!'  spanning  it  near 

ils  111  iiltli.  iiinl  thi'i'i'  all'  twn  ntliiis  faithi'r  up.  Hr- 
siilcs  till'  Tnila  i.;awa.  >nnii'  ^iiialli'r  stri'.inis  intci'scL't 
ijli'  tnwii  ami  siilaii'ii^. 

Tin:  alisi'lii'i' (if  all  impn^ini,'  nliliri's,  ami  ihr  j^i'Mrr.il 
want  of  i'li'\  ilinti  in  till'  ^r  mm)  iipmi  w  iiii  h  tlir  rilv 
sl.iiiils.  I'l'inlir  till'  vii'W'  frnni  tlii'si'.i  hv  im  nnans  im 
pn.in.';  Iiiit  Its  I'Xli'iisiM-  si'ifmnt,  tin;  (lirnh  ,i\'  lili- 
I'lnhnl  ill  till'  lli'i'ts  nf  liii.itsaml  vi'^srls  p.i  sini;  ami  .i- 
p.issiii','  t  111'  li.ittcrii's  ami  ;,'iiiis  w  iiirli  frnw  ni'<l  iipni  tlii'ii,. 
tin-  liiiiil  as  nf  a  iiiiill  il  mh' at  h  iinl  lli  it  w.is  li.irm'  tn 
tlirir  I'ai's  wlh-ii  t  III'  lii'i'i'/.i!  rami'  nif  tli.'  lainl,  all  im- 
pi'i"..>i'il  thi'in  with  til.'  I'art  that  liny  wi'ii-  at  aiu'lmr 
oil'  mil'  <<i  ihn  laryi'si,  iMpilals  in  tin'  wnrM. 

.XIII.— INTKItUti:  OK  YKJilM). 

TlIK  ir-iili'iii'i!  a----i;,'iii'!|  tn  l,nii|  Klifiii,  in  tlin  Inwii  nf 
Vi'ililn,  was  a  pni'i  mil  nl' a  tinipli'  siliiatcil  npnii  tin' 
niilskirls  i)f  till'  jiiipiriil  r.siilrmi',  nr  tin;  "  I'lim-i's" 
l.liiarirr.  '  1 11  fmiit.  nf  1 1  w  as  a  si  ii  it  w  liirh.  .n  rnnjiiii; 
In  .Mr.  Oil  pliant,  inininiiril  I'nr  !■  n  in  i  Ins  ( ')  as  clnsi'ly 
pa. kill     with     hniisi's.    ami    as    ilriiscly    I'r.iw.l.il     willi 

I pin.  as  it    is    tmiii    Ijyiln    rirkrnriii'r    li    .Milnrml. 

.^.  t  till'  li.irk  nf  it  stii'lilii-  I  II  w  nit.'  ami  sniiii'n  hat  ilrcary 
.-iiisln.-r.itio  iniiirti'l'.  whii'h  ninl  .imil  tin-  I'l'-iiliin  rs  nf 
tli-i-i-    lniiiilri'ii   ami   sixly    Ini.  .liiaiy    priiiirs.    I'.nh   a 

prl'V  siivni-rii^'n  ill  his  n>M  liixlll,  lll.lIlN  I't'  tin  111  Willi 
hill  .1  . 1. ./I'll    li.vvii    linii-i'^.   ami  sniin,'  nf    lli.in    ahli'    t.i 

ari'.iini latn  ill  tli.^i'  li'ii  tin .ii^iml   ml  liiinrs.     .A  in  n,' 

nilirriit  innil,  sivmiiy  l.>  ri'..;hiy  yanls  lirnail,  liiri'il 
with  a  siiinnih  nii.in  oi'.irpmrnl  as  in  my  fi'rt  in 
li'i;,'lil,  alinvi-  w  hirli  ran  a  inissiM'  wall.  I'mnprisi'il  nl 
sliiiirs  t  yi'l.ipi'an  in  tlnir  iliiiii'iisi..iis.  tlii!  wlinh' 
rmwiii'il  hy  a  Infi y  pili.snli',  siirrniimli'il  tin.'  Iiiipi'iial 
risiiliini',  wiiirh  is  a;;.iiii  liiirii'il  aiiiiil-t  ni-,,\|.^  ,,('  i»ijmt 
I'lil.irs.  [''rniii  tin-  lnuhi  si  pnini  nf  tin'  l.n  i  iliial  nnis  in 
11'  II'  nf  tlin  I'.islli',  iv  p  inniainio  \  ii'W  w.is  nl.i  niiiil  nf  tin' 
\.'ist  I'ily,  w  illi  its  twiiinillinns  amla  halt  nf  iiih.ihilaiils. 
iml  an  ama  r.pi  il  tn,  if  imi  ;,'i'i'al.'r  tlini.  tli.it  of 
l.niiil  .11.  Till'  1-  i>l  in  almii'  w.is  cnnipiili  i|  t.i  In'  iap:ili|n 
nl  1.  II 1 1.1  in  in::  fnrty  th.nisaml  iiiliahiinils.  ^'^lllin,  sa\  s 
llir  saini'  wiili'r,  is,  w  ilhniit  uxiiptinii,  niii' nf  ihn  tini'^t 
I'il  lis  ol'  till'  wnrlil. ' 


'  Ti.o  11. 1 1 II.'  Y.  .ill'),  (ir  .Irilili,  si.'iiili.'s  "  1  In.  iii.  illi  nr  I'lilniiiri' 
Mltlii' rivi-r.'  Il  IS  i-.ill.'.l 'I'.ilii, 'till'  Kxslnii  t 'ipit  il,"  t.>  ili-tui- 
■.•ni-li  it  Ir.Mii  Mi.ik'i,  /■  -■.  "  till'  t'u'ii.il."  I  111' li'iiil illicit  1'  lillr  nl 
1  111- I'iiirl' IS  s:iiii  1.1  Ih*  K-.iilio  t  Km  I'.'  f'.nu')  '.''.  Hn'  l*iil»i',  i»r  llui 
''Mi-'int,  the  prr.it  lii'in'i-.ii  i.r  f  ■  ni  lunl.-i -in -rliirl'.  Iliii  wiinl 
r\.iiii,  Ity  W'liirii  111*  II;!'*  Ih'i'II  iiit r  ..Inc.  i|  to  iih  lal.ly,  hiirnilirs 
-  iiply  till' '"^'riit  i.lliiir."  1 1  i>.a:tri' nil.  a  i|iii'>li.iii  nf  iiaiiirs, 
!  ir  hy  uliiilrvir  ii.iiiu'  lli.'  rliici'  nl'  N  i.l  n  Is  ili-liii;.'iiislnil, 
111'  is  lit  till'  Ill-Ill  III  ll.i'  -i-n.lil  tl'.iiil.tv,  ill  r.liniiUHil  uf  tlm 
iiil:liin-,  mill  si-i-uliir  riii-r.  .  r  niil'ii-i-at  «(  tin-  i-iii|iiri',  'I'ln- 
Mil.. III. llir  'J'i-»  l:,  i.<-.,"llir  S..I1  iil'lli-iivill,"  iiiiiili'-  ill-  at  Miilkn, 
r.-l.i  In  at  |iii-i-nt  lillli-  l-x.-i-pt  tliL'  ili.i.i-  nl'  l-.lliin-liir.  III! 
iinii.iili'S  ili'M'i'iil  I'l-.iin  li-w  y.ii  Ilai  /.in,  "llio  Sun  tl.'il,"  tlm 
I'.'iiiiili-r  III'  till- i-iii|iir.',  iiii.l  lis  siu-li,  rhiiiiiH  111.-  ri'Vi-rrin-i!  of  tlai 
|.i'.i|.|i'.  Ill' lr:i.'i's  liisili'M'i' .1  ill  an  inilii -ik- II  In..- 1.  .nil  /.ill  Mnsii, 
111.'  Diviiii'  Min-.ir,  wlm  oLilili-'-i-.l  li.- .iiillmrily  tlin  li.c.  llr  i.t 
Mi|.|.iisi'il  t.i  111' Illi'  r.iiiiii.i  II  1.1'  'II  li.Mi..iir,  mill  I.  .  II  liiiii  all  till) 
;;ri;il  i.llii-i-i-siil'r,;.!!.-,  iiirlii.iiiii;tiii'.'<iiii,'iiii,  iiiiiiii  -i  i>  i-i  i  .-i*!!  llirir 
iiii-i-lil.iii-.  I  III-  |.  Iuii.iii-lil|i  111' till-  .\|ii,  I.I.I  :iuil  11.1'  Siiipiiii  in 
|iii-M-iil  tiiiii-i  limy  Ih>  riiiii|iirri|  In  lli.it  nl'  tm-  nl-l  .\Ii-ri)viii>:iiiii 
kyiiiiiL's,  wliii,  IIS  ili.si'i'iiiliiiiis..l  Iliii.Si-aiiirniavi.iii  iliviiiilii'S.  wrrii 
ri  fcTiirili  it  as  *iii'Trii  p'rsiiiis.  wliile  tlii-ir  iHivvi-r  wiis  \\r- sii'il  frniii 
tiiriii  mill  i-M.'11'isi'il  liy  tin-  iinynrs  nl  tin'  jmlari-. 


106  ALL  ROUND 

It  must   Ix'  linriio  in  mind,  however,  in  t-nnnection  | 

with  tln>  Viisl  sjiiii'i \(iiil  liy  thi'   town,  tliiit,  owinj;  i 

to   till"   frii|ii(ni'y  of  i';irtlh|iiMki>,  (lie   imiisi's  me  only 
of  one  Ntiiiy,  iiiui  In  iici'  ii  .-niiillri'  Mnioiint  ot'  juipulittion  | 
eovrrx  ,'i  liiTiiliT  extent  (■tVpiuc  iljiin  in  KinM|ie. 

Ii>it  tlif  |piiity  on  slhJi-i'  liiil  iH't  eonfine  itself  to  ex- 
|ili)iini;  till'  city  iilcmc  ;  i'Xinr>i<ins  of  ten    inilrs   into 
the  connlry  were  nimli'  in  two  ilillcrtnt  iliieclion.s,  iiml  ^ 
Imt   one  o|ilnli>n    |inviiileil  witli  reMpert   to  the  extiii- ! 
ortlinary  e\  iilences  of  civiliBiilion  whirli   met  the  eye 
in    every   ilin clion.        Mveiy    eottji^je,    tein|ile,    or  teii- 
liouse    w:is  snrrouiicleil  liy  f^iinlens  hiiil  out    with  ex- 
ipiisite    tiiste.    iili'l    the    most   ehi  .oniti-    neatness    wu.s 
gkilfully  lileniieil  with  ;.'iMnileur  of  (h'si-in.    Tiie  natiinil 
features  of  the  coimti'y  were  lulmini   ly  taken   ailvan- 
tnije  of  and  a  hmi;  riile  was  certain  to  he  rewarded  hy 
a  romantic  scene,  wlntc  a  tea  house  was  jiictiiresiinely  j 
jhtcIkmI  over  a  waterfall,  or  a  temple  reareil  its  carvid  , 
jpihles  amid  j;rove.s  of  aie  ieiit    crd;irs.      The  tea-house  t 
Is  ilescrilied  as  a  natinnal  cliaraiteristie  of  .lapan.     'I'lie 
traveler,  wearied  with  the  niMin day  Insit,  need    never 
he  at   a   loss  ti>  linil  rest  and   ntix  >liment  ;   si  retched 
upon  the  softest  and   cleanest  ol  liiall  iii^,  iiiiliiliiii^  the 
most  delicfitely  flavoured  tea,  inhalin;^  throii^th  a  shmt 
|ii|ie  the  fra;,'rant  toliacco  of  ,lapan,  he  resigns  hiiii>i  If 
to    the   ministrations    of  a    l)evy  of  fair   iLimsels,  who 
gii<ii'   rapiilly  and  noiselessly   ahoiit,  tin;  most  Zi'aloiis  ! 
and  skilful  of  attend, ints. 

The  modi'.-ly  (if  mir  ]iarly,  hmvever,  was  s<iniewh.it 
taken  ahaek  hy  seeing'  no  .small  |Hirtii>ii  of  the  popiihi- 
tion  wasliini;  theiiisi  Ives  iii  ttihs  at  (he  corners  of, 
streets  towards  evening.  In  ^  eddo  tli'V  frcipieiit 
lar^e  halhiii;;  esi,ilili!.hmeiit.-,  llie  dimr  of  which  is 
ii|icn  to  the  pas>er  hy,  and  Jircsiiits  ii  curious  .spci'tacle, 
more  especially  as  I  he  iniiiales,  of  holh  sexes,  ingenu- 
ously rush  iHit  lo  ;.'aze  at  the  Kuropean  as  he  rides 
lilu.sliiiiiily  jiast.  NN  e  oltiii  saw  two  nr  time  ladies 
■  piii'tly  sitting  in  tuh>  in  fim  t  of  their  d(pors  at  N'eildn 
itself  w.ishing  tlicm>el\es  with  the  utmost  unconiern, 
i.'.itlic'  ami  hiisine.-s  ihrniigh  the  street  guini;  on  past 
ihem  as  usual  'I  his  was  a  gi'in  lal  eii>tom,  anil  no 
one  thought  of  nr  wmild  iiii;<giiiu  uny  harm  in  it.' 

XIV,— Ti:.\   <;.\1!1)|;ns. 

A  rAHTY  <if  tight  or  ten  iiiaile  a  trip  from  ^'eddo  to 
a  summer  resmt  cailed  Ili;ii(',  where  ,irc  Imtanical 
t{aidins  and  well  appninlid  tea  houses  aliiid  pretty 
si'emiy.      l-'pir  tin'  tiist  fiair  or  live  miles  their  way  led 

ihem  tin gh  the  tnwn  along  the  castle  moat,  pa.'<tthe 

jiniiit  at  s\hich  they  ag.iin   olit.iineil   a  panoramic  view 
>>f  the   city,    and    on    through   more   wimling   streets,  : 
which  they  had  ii<>t  lieti>ii>  explored,  an  I  which  seemeil  I 
interminalilc.        ,\t  la.st    they  got  idiar  of    the  more 
crowiled     thnriiughfires    ami     found     themselves    tiii- 


1   .'sucli  nil  ii|i|mniil  winit  ef  iiKMlfsly  in  ilifliiiill  to  (■.■mpn'lund, 
null   it   \*  nut  M'lihriliMlili'  wiili  tlie  iiilviuu'cil  Klutc  ercoilisutioii 

lil'tlu'  .lapani'sc,  tliiit  in  In  he  ilidi il  t'reiii  nlliiM-  liii'ts.      Mnili>ly 

raniiiit    lie  niiil-'cl  iini.mf  ni^TC  i-.Mivi'nliiiniil   tliiuifsj   itn  nli»i mr 

is    nut    till'    ivlihiliciN    irf  11    |in  jllilee:    its    |in"«  nee    is    nni'    lit    llii' 

ili-liiic'ivi'  iliaiMiliT-i  I'l'l'.M'iii  ilie  Innniin  nci'  ami  tint  "I 
I'tiiles.  It  in  lint  (in  this  [Hfinl  alniic,  Iimwi'vit,  tlial  Ilie  .la|i.iiii'se 
ilidiT  I'riim  Hinn|iraii.«.  In  many  nf  llieir  lialiils  iiiiil  tnaiiniT« 
lliry  pn  wilt  a  .striking;  unlau'iinl-in  In  tlial  hIiIiIi  is  aice|ili'il  in 
i:Mrii|.e.  'I'll  ulii'w  rcsjHct,  fur  rviiniplc,  «,■  iil,,.  nil  nnr  liiilii;  lli.' 
.Iapiii„-H''  ri-iiinvw  llicir  Hlines.     W't*  i^rt  nji,  tin  y  sit  ilnwn  ;  l,ir  «itli 

llii'in  il  i^  tlir  lii'iylit  iil'inipiiliti  iii'ih  in  r ivc  a  visilir  utiinilinu'. 

M  Inn  uniinr  , lilt  wc  pat  nn  a  ^rn  at  inat,  tlio  .Ininiiii'iie  pnl  mi 
(.apai  iiiiia  triiiiM'rii,  i>a  u  RyiiilKil  nf  ili^nity  uiiil  alHle. 


THE   WOULD. 

versing  ])leiiHant  aulnirhan  Innes.  passing  the  spacious 
palace  of  the  most  jiowerful  prime  in  the  empire — 
Kagano-kanii.  The  miter  walls  of  this  eslalilishnient 
enclose  an  imineiise  area  ot  griiinid,  and  cniitain  Iniild- 
ings  which  are  sjiid  to  atl'nrd  accommoilation  to  ten 
Ihmisand  men.  The  i.'rovis  of  Infty  trees  which 
towered  ahiivi"  the  walls  gaxc  toki'll  of  the  lieauty  of 
the  gardens  within  Ihem.  .Many  of  the  streets  and 
roads  wliich  they  tiaver.sed  were  lined  with  peach  and 
plum  trees  :  at  tin-  peri'  d  of  the  ye.  r  when  these  are 
in  full  hloiiin,  they  must  form  a  most  charming  and 
fragrant  avenue 

'1  hey  weie  tilled  witli  astonishment  and  delight  at 
the  exquisite  taste  displayi'd  in  the  guihiis  unil 
collages  upon  the  road  side.  No  model  estate  in 
llnglanil  can  Jiioducc  "cotlnges  ornees''  (omparalili'  to 
those  whii  11  nilorn  the  Biilnirlis  of  Yeddo.  'I  here  is  a 
want  of  that  niinuteness  which  the  (  hinaman  glorien 
in  until  he  lieiomis  grolesipie.  The  .Inpanese  have 
hit  the  happy  medium.  With  an  clalioiate  delicacy 
of  detail,  they  comliine  the  art  of  generalisation  in 
ill  sign,  so  that  the  relation  of  the  parts  with  the  whole 
is  maintained  thi'iughout,  iind  the  general  etfect  is  not 
.sacriticeil  to  minor  heauties.  These  charming  little 
cottages  rai.-ing  their  thatched  roofs  amid  the  fruit 
trees  and  creepers  wliich  threatened  to  smother  them 
in  their  emliraces,  were  siirroiinded  hy  flower  heds 
tnslet'ully  laid  out,  resplendent  with  brilliant  hues,  and 
iipproached  hy  walks  helweeii  carel'iilly  eli]ipei|  hedges. 
Yew-trees,  cut  into  fantastic  shapes,  and  dwarftd  tree.s, 
exlending  their  (leformcd  arms  as  it  for  a.ssistance  and 
support,  arc  favourite  gaideii  ornaments.  Here  and 
till  re,  at  the  end  of  a  long  avenue,  they  could  discern 
a  temple  cmhowered  amid  trees  ;  and  ancient  ]iriests, 
in  gaii/y  and  transparent  costiime,  with  I. road  ein- 
hroiderid  helts  and  sashes,  and  enonnous  laci|iieri'il 
hats.  Would  hiiriN  to  the  entrance  to  watch  the 
stranger  pass.  The  hcanly  of  the  cclinteiies  was  in 
keeping  with  the  taste  displa\eil  in  eveiything  else  ; 
here  walks  wound  amid  flowering  shrtihs  and  droojiing 
cyprcs.ses. 

The  respectaliility  of  the  (piarler  ihroiigh  wliidi 
they  were  pa.ssing  could  iil»a\s  he  jiidged  hy  the  size 
and  character  of  the  ciowd  which  accompanied  them. 
In  some  )inrts  of  the  .siiliiirhs  ihiy  were  toilnwed  hy  a 
noisy  nioh,  who  pressed  npnti  them,  cheering  and 
lau'.:hiiig-  not,  hiiwe\cr,  showing  any  signs  nf  ill-will. 
>ome  of  the  jiaity  on  the  previous  dny,  not  attended 
hy  a  sulliiii  III  ly  large  hody  of  poliri  nun  to  inspire 
,i\»e.  Jinssing  tiiloilgh  soiiie  of  the  less  repntahle  parts 
of  the  town,  had  leeii  hooted,  and  evi  n  pelted,  the 
crowd  calling  out.  "('hiiiaiiicn,  ('hinannn,  have  you 
anuhing  to  sell  {"• — a  ciicnnistance  for  wliich  tlio 
( 'omiiii.ssioiiers  never  cea.srd  iipologising  ;  while  they 
took  occasion  to  impress  upon  them  the  necessity, 
which  they  were  nlways  anxious  to  forget,  of  never 
moving  alioiit  unless  accompanied  hy  a  jiroper  staff  of 
police.  I'lKin  lliis  occasion  they  were  attended  hy 
twenty  otiicials,  in  a  hl.iek  gaii/e  unifoim,  who  marched 
in  front  of  them  As  they  were  desirous  not  to  lose 
time  and  the  steeds  were  willing,  some  of  the  elder 
ineinhcrs  of  this  p.irty  were  knocked  up  letore  they 
got  to  the  half  way  tea  hou.se,  where  they  changed  our 
escort. 

As  they  gilt  firther  troin  town  the  cottages  hecame 
more  scattered.  Imt  the  countrv  did  not  lose  its  air  of 
civilisation,  (iroves  of  tall  trees  overshailowed  the 
road,  apjuirently  hordering  soinu  ornamental  gioundf), 


CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAl'AN. 


aoT 


for  they  woro  Piirlosp<l  hy  paliii'^s  i  ...icily   rr.si-mljliiii,'    miishm   in  |ii(-iiirs  to  tlio  Star  iiii<l  (iMi'lri-,  or  llMiii|it(j 
tliiMc  (if  mil'  iivvii  |»irks. 


«;inir|. 


'I'llC    lril-l|i>llsi'    :il     whiill     tliry     ;-tn|l|Mil    tci    rest 


liny  ai'i.-.liirr,iiic  pic  nii'  \\m»  unin 


Inriiii;  tlicir 


hililiili'il  ill  II  iiiinlcii,  wliiic  s|paikliini  watir  j,'iisli('(l  (lut  i  visit  to  lliijcc,  they  were  iiui    I'.irl  niiutc  eiiMiiyli   to  git 
III'  liiii.s«v  i;r>iltiie>  iiiiil  i|iiiltc>|    mats    iiivileil    tn   l'e|iiise.      a  i;lilil|> 
Here  |ii|ics  ami  tea  were   servcij    liy    I'lir   ilaliiM'ls, 


if  it.      'I'iiev    ili 


liliele 


M' 


•  re    till 


also    iirosec 


I      lllinll 


I      tlicir     acie|ilalicc     iiiin|ie 


Hevoinl  tins  tealhiiise  lliev  f  iiiml  lliemselves    t'airlv    in     Uilclieii, 


iileriial  eeniioiny  iif  tlie  c-lalilislmieiit.      I'lilnriiinatelv, 
irs.     it  not  lieiii','  ilie  custom  fur  (lie   );iicsts  |o  ei.  into  the 


oi I    the  vi>iiors  wa^  ii,'iiiinilniiiii 


the    coiintrv  :     thev     hail    excliaiii^eii    the    siilmrlis    of    Irom  thai  ilcpail  ini  nl.  jii.^l  a'-  I 
l.omli.n  for  the  lanes  of  hevonshiie. 


'Ilell 


ic   was    eoliiliienciln;    Ins 


Althoimli  tile  country  was  iimliilarnii,'.  tl 
itlier  iwii  >ti 


le  ro.nl   was     wen 


iiivcstiyalions   liy    which    so   lai^e   a    niimlier  of  jinests 
kc|it  coiisianlly    sii|i|iiici|   witli  cm  r\    ilcsci'i|>i ion 


nor  too  narrow  tor  wl 


if    .1 


iiianex'    III  lieacv, 


il    t 


I'.l      III      IIM 


Sunctimcs  it  |ias>i.i|  lietwceii  hii;h  liaiiks  crowiicil  wiili     only    time    to   tiinl   iiiinsell'  eiicoii 


il 


II. 

■V    a    fe\  \ 


lieiiye 


III  sliriilis,  anion;;  whivli  were  iiliservcil  the     .iciive,  hustling  \\ailre>ses.  aii'l  lo  catch   siuhl  of  liii;:i 


liolly.      Witli   tlie  exci'|ilioii    of    ;froves   of    Ifee.s,    left     steaming;    imiiIiIimh-,     wiicn    a    si  roii'.' iiiiinlcil 
iloiilitli'ss  for  11  special    |iiir|iose,   aiii|    wliieli    served    to     sliovvcl    him    tl         ' 


■  ir    « nil   a    S..1IP  laijic 


■|'l 


om- 


iliversifv   tile   |prospcct.   every   acre    ol  jji-oiiimI    secmcM     plexions  oj    many  ol    ihr^e 
ciiltiviiteil.      This  is  jirolialiiy  [i.irtly   in  eiinsei|iience  ol'    t  hov  ot  i.iir  i  oimi  ly  w  nmeii 


a    law    eoi 


npeliiiii'    uverv    in. in    to    ciiiiiv.ite   liis   iaiiil 


I-    «irc   c|iiitc  a-    tail'    as 

I  II  «;.itii.f,'  tl.cir  manners 

jraicfnl    and    rc>|.i.,i  tnl.        Aliim-i    i\  i  rMhilij;    is 


witliin  the  vcar  ii|k>ii  pain  of  forfcitini;  it.  Kieids  of  served  in  lacipnr,  and  is  picsi  nied  in  a  icMrenlial 
vanis  and  cl;l;  plint.  or  liriMi.iii,  of  lie.ins  and  Indi.in  aitiliide.  'I'lie  ;.'iie^ts  mi  doiU'd  ahoiii  on  llieniat  till 
ciirii,  millet  and  onions,  allernaled    with   e  icii   other  in     lliev  have  done  dinner.   »hcii   linv  lie  di.wii    to  smoke, 


rapid   succession.      At    every    clump   of  trees    ihroind 
«liicli    tile    road     pissed     were     le^i  iiii;  places    for    a! 


cla.s.ses  (it  travellers  ;   simple  iicnches  niidcr  ihejrnar 


ill 
h'd 


I     sip  tea,  and  dli.'esl. 


Th( 


[.ildelis  hell'  ilcsiiil.cil  arc   amnlii,'    tile  most 


ciirioii.s    cliaractensi  h 


if    .1; 


ot      sOllie      Vellelallli 


l.ilie    Ireo 


for      these    eslalilishnielils 


'I'l 


|iloprieto|s    of 


liiiiidilo  wavfareis.  and  liltle  tallies  witli    friiit   and   tea     dre-s.  eoinei- 


iip    MiiiiiL'  ;:iils   to  ilaiici 


II   fact,   like  liie   III 


t.iira  of  (in 


.set  (lilt  in  till'  cool  sliide  ;  or  viimiiier  lioiises,  ciuiiposcd     to  nnilc  all  the  chainis  of  miinl  and  graces  of  pi 
iif    a   siiiiiie   iiilt,    with    I  he  saim'    iinanaiile     lit'Ver.me,      lie.ii 


isoll    tl 


le    wcarv     .s(.en   tli.il  Hie  .lapam 


hot    iiiid    I'eiidy    to    retresh    the    thirst    of    tl 

pedestrian  ;  or  an  cstatili-hineiit  of  j^rciicr  pretensions,      w  i\es  tc 


>l    form    and    eleuain 
I. 


•  I     maiiliiis. 


We     h; 


wliere  iiii'ii  of  rank  niii;lit  ^1  ly  and  rest 


ph 


Miipaiiy  till  III  lo  tl 


liol     111  sllalc    III    lllMle   lliclr 
placi  -  eoiiM'ir.'iii.d  In 


»iire.  Ill  on 


ler  1. 


iij..\ 


Iheif 


iliclle.'.   II  lisle,  .'iliil  con 


At  last  tliev  siidd'lilv  ilcM-eiide  1    into   a    deli,    wiicre      vcr.salloll   of  these   M  ..in.  ii.  ili  vi  .idcd   I  \   I  licir  |ir.ifc-..ii  e. 


I  cliarniliia  village  i.iv  ci 


i>ii 


iiiicil  III  a  »< 


It 


stcd  ,if  a   f 


cw    eolI,i',;es    all 


I     I    tl 


:i  leal II    a    lir.ilnl 


liilt   liistilinnished    lp\  1 1 

riii.s   stale  of  lliin;;s  is  the  Inure  to  he  wundercd  at. 


le  ,-iq.i  I  11. Ill  \    1. 1  t  li.ir  eilncat  imi. 


(Il 


•ale.       At    tiie    entrain   ■    lo    this    c^t  ililisinmnt     tiny     the  .liipaii are  reputed  to  lie  as  ji.il. 


aiiv  liatiiii 


miK 


h    t 
iillatioii  iif   llie  vll 


>    tiie    edilicatioii     III     the     wl 
e.'e,  wild  asMiiilili'd    l.i    slar.'    air 


HI    the  eirt  II  s   Slll'la 


if  ihe  lii.iiiiiir  .'iiid  repnt.itiiiii  ot 


tl 


leir    W.'lliell. 


it     i-.     iliilc 


I  lie  oiilv  coiini  rv   Ml  tli 


Hider  at  tlicni         i'licv    t'oimd    the    ici  Ihhim'    sitii.i 


ted      i;a>l     wli' 


icre  women    oc  iip\   the  jd-ilnn   due   tn  ihim 


tiif  eil''e  III'  a  liriwlini;  si  eaiii.  the  lialcoiiies  of  the     in    the    social   scale:   and   «li.it    is   more,  maiiv  ol    ll 


upper  rooms  iiverliiic'iiiL!  Mie  w.iier 


lliie,0 


ids     ciiiirleMiis    mariv  well,  ollicrs  reliiin  to  I  In  ir  familii 


d   ijid-di  ns,    tistelnilv   l.iid  out    «iili   r.i.k  work,  and     and  others  aLT.ti 


11   I'll  to   sWi 


till 


ik-  ol  .111  Older  wiiiiii 


yew  trees  cut  into  ipiaint 

ilie  river  to  tin'  point  at  which  it  eiitei 


I 
in    a    jiictiircsipie 


dc 


ipes.    t'rin^'cd    llie    hank    nf     has  i n  iiesii:iialcd  as  tli.il  of  the  I  iLii^ini;  iiiiiis.     Siich 

■  e   .^'iiiiiiids      woiiififi  are  ill  aft.  r  iile  jii'Lcd  solely  liy  ti  cir  acts;   no- 
-    Ill    of    a      body  ptTiiiits  hmisL'lf  to  iciiiiiid  tlieiii  of  tlioir  past  life. 


'I'.iki 


iiu'    i'l 


siiniiiiei'-liouse    pi-rchcd     on    a     pr.i|.'.  tiiii;    piiiil,    ai 


<d  I' 


which   coiiini: 


Hilled  a  eiiarmiiii!   vii 


«•   ol    I  he 


a^e     .l.ip.ilii. 


siiiroiiiid-      l\iriii|ili  r,     in    il 


.\m 


ll'.oile,     acciili|i|,M 


I'tS,    tl 


lev   Sli;illllei|    to  ; 


jr.Hip  of  yminu 


iii|    ciri'm.iiiii 


1,'leat     aliliiial    rcliL;iiiii 
ailed     .Matsiiri.     in    wii 


-    plocessi.in. 
icIi     porlalili- 


who  eaiiie  to  look  at  lliein   under  the  pretext  of  wait-     chapel-,  .lediealcil  in   local    deities,    splt'iididh   yilt 
ill''  for  orders  —  their  i|e>ire  to  lie  furnished   with   some     \ariiisli.il,  .-ind    carried  in  pioces>iiin,s.  in  which    are 


liiiici 


llicheon. 
Thev 


it  kept  I 


litiii''  fur  their  meal 


st    of  h: 


til 

iiirte-aiis  .'Hid  I  lilies  in  palani|iiins,  alllill^l 
iier^.      The  coiirie-aiis  n  prc-eiit    in  tinsc 


»ilicil  eoiisihted  of  some  excellent   vc^'clilile    suiip,    and  |  proccssi.  ,hs  I  he  hi-lnil.al    c\  pidil  ii  m-  ol  llnir  inikad 


soiiK?  rice  illK 


1  tish.     I! 


if  dessert  thev  had  111  iisii-  i  or  nation  d    I 


melons,    apricots,    and    pears 


that    thev    111 


ill- 


found   tiiat  tlnse 
pleasure  parties 


I      IKI 

They 
a    f.ivoiirite    result   of 
from     N'cddii    of    tin.'     Iii:;liest    rank. 


ili  111  .satisfvim^  the  eraviiii,'s  ot   liiiii:.'ei'. 


'aniens  were 


lldeiilV    of  tileir 


ICIOC-,  aii'l    ilcliil 


costumes  Is  sa 


lU.       I 


le  riiliiie.ss  Mini 


idtol.eadiiiir.'ilile.    Tl 


proce.^si.iiis   are  mimeriiiix ;   Hirv    h.ivi 


lint  siniare  t.i  .i 


I'l" 


lief, 


if''  111''  aiitlioritn 


to  :..,,    li.  tl 

III  (III 


niporise  lillle  tlieatricai  ellterlailinielits,    uliicli   ih 


When  any  ;;raiidei'  wisiies  to  I'lijov  11  dome^lie   treat  of    not    last    niore   th.-m   aipiarter  ol   an    Imnr.       it    is  tin 
tills  sort,  iiccoiiipaiiied  liy  his  wife  and  family,  lie  ^.'ives     ;aiiic  in  n  '.'iid 


I"  llic 


Ili 


II  r  piil.lic  rcji.iciir,'-  111  .l.ipaii.  Ill 


II  previous  notice  ol   Ins  iiiteiitinii  to  the  keeper  ot   tiic     .vhali  the  cniii  li  s.iiis  a 


I" 
tea  1 


I    lake   li 


II    part,    .'iliil    I  In 


louse,  so  tliat  11  di;;liilicd  privacy  iiiav  he  secured  .  \cce(lin;;ly  niiiin  mils  ;  ti.i  i  hi- .lapaiiesc  hi. Id  that  one 
to  liiiii.  There,  screenel  Iroiii  llie  \iili,'.ir  i;.i/.i',  he  and  '1  the  liesi  iin  alls  to  propiliiiie  the  duinilies,  is  not  to 
his  companions  five   themselves  up  to   the  eiiioyment       hiihv     them  with    imosoii   priMi~.    siipplii'^itiim.,.    nr 


iiicii  this  species  Iif  rccicalioii    alloids.       Tlnir    wive^ 


■'I         .  . 

]ilay,  (lance,  or  siie_'    lor    llnir    lienelil  ;    in    t.nl. 


ss  lamentations,    i.iit  io.Iimii  i  heiii.-el\  i  ■.«  in  their 


Ijir    |.ii»eiiei'.   coiilidiiiL.' llieni-(  Im  s    In  their    inliniie   eiiiid- 


I'oiild    he    ;'atinr('d,     llnv     in 


Very    iiiiicli     as    in-s,    ainl  per..ii.i 


led    ih.il   thev  lake  p| 


plc.i-nre    111  sce'ii;; 


vt>   do  wlu'U    »e   '.iru   working  olf  llie    fag-end  of  llie    [leople  i;ive  tlieiuwlvus  up  to  iiinoeeiit  reciealiolis 


"Ollitt 


' 


:  f 

I,  i 


2oe 


ALL    ROUND  THE   WORLD, 


m 


ili'ciii  nil  pnivi'l'M  usi'li'ss,  as  (Joil  knows  lljr  luillniii  n|' 
tlioir  lii';iil>  Ollnrs  I'Vi'ii  ilifiii  it  imlf  inl  In  |iiisi'iil 
(liciiisi'U  rs  lii'liui'  tlnir  cli'iiiis  \\  Inn  iillliiinl 

'riii>  .lii|nn(-i'  liiiNc  mUm  liinli'-.i|ni-  |piiH'i'>sion.s  in 
linniMir  nC  Siiliin.  A  >|U.irnl  Ipavin;^  imii'  iirisru  wlic- 
iIhi-  tlir  All  ll  iliLT'l  "i»^  lihick,  witlli',  I -I  or  lT''"'!!. 
ilii'  Mikinlii  ilniilril  lliit  IJnri' Will' i'\il  -|Miits  111  ill 
Imii  coliiinN;  iiiiil  fxir  Hincr,  ihhi'  ii  yriir.  a  trinp|i  •>!' 
|H't'.i(ins  niaikrij  witli  linriis,  anil  |iainliilliliii-k,  w  liiir. 
inl,  ami  >;rri'n.  <laiiri'  llncniuli  iIh'  Iiumk  In  tin'  siiiin.l 
III  ilniiiis  ami  niliir  niii>i<Ml  in>t  inini-nls.  Annai:,' 
iitlirr  jicciiliar  I'l'stival--  is  nnr  ilrilirali'ij  to  the  sunU  cil' 
till' ilrt'i'Msi'il,  on  wliirli  iiira>iiiii  an  iiiliiiitr  nninlii'i' iil 
lillli*  Iniats  arc  ili'livi'i'i'il  n|i  In  tlic  wimU  anil  wavrs, 
I'l'aiin;;  laiiilis  ami  lanicnis  nnlili'inalii'  nt'  tin-  mmiIs  nf 
till!  ili'ciascil,  IIS  ill  till'  CliiiMM'  l''i  asl  nl'  l.aiitrnis 
At  aniitlirr  (i'stival,  tin-  liii,'li  aiillinii'ii's  ami  j{iaM'st 
|ii'i"s<iiis  (if  till' fni|iiii'   may  In- seen  llyini;  kiifsl      'I'lii' 

lliraliin^' nf  lliis  lias  iint    I n  <  lral'l\   r-l  iMlsiird        (III 

niintlitT  ilay,  iniaiii,  till!  \vlinli'  |in|iiilaliiin  is  to  Ih'miii 
liilsy  1  Iri Mill,'  till"  e'\il  ^|a|■its  tVniii  llnir  li  iliilal  imis  ami 
llinsc  nf  tlii'ir  iii'iLililiniirs  witli  jiaii  lii'il  |iras  ainl  rvi'ii 
|ii'lili|i"<.  'I'll!'  ,la|iam'<i'  lia\i'  iilsii  tlio  liin>l  iiia;;iiilii'i'lit 
rniiiimiiiniai  ivi'  limit  in;,'  fi 'i.^ls  nii  nrnnl.  KisM-lii-r 
witiii'ssi'il  niic  at  Nagasaki  in  u  Inrli  srM  n  linmlri  il  pi'i' 

fnnin  rs  tmik  |iart.      On  tlii'si .l^inns  tin'  slints  aiv 

'■alrfiilly  swept,  ami  tin'  limiM's  ai'i'  liiiiil  willi  ll  ii^s, 
la|ii'stry,  or  clnllics.  'I'lii'  lirmii'  linntin;;  |irnii's>iniis 
liavr  II  viTV  .snli'liili  rliai a<'( rr,  ami  liii  linisc  iii'  ai'clania- 
tiniis  iit'aiiy  kimi  aii'  |Mriiiillri|.  Finiii  tin'  ili'M'l'i|ilinii 
;{ivt'ii  liy  l''i.ssilii  r,  tiny  iiiiisl  I  c  nf  iM  rani'ilinary  iiia-,'- 
nilii'rnci'.  Kii'iii|ifrr  rnlah-.,  in  ininn'ctinii  witli  tin' 
saiiii'  trailitiinis  nf  Inrnii:  liiiiitiii','  tiiiirs,  that  a  linrii  nf 
I'xlninrilinary  iliiiii'n>iniis  was  ki'|it  at  tlic  Ti'iiipl'  ni' 
.laiiiis.  Il  liail  siiM'il  in  I  lif  amiiiit  liiinls  rniiii  ■■ 
Mniintain  nf  Kiisi-yama.  lull  >iimi'  rnlilniN  ii.i^.ii:; 
slnliii  it.  liny  li'l  il  tall  iiiln  a  livrr,  ami  it  wa.s  cnii- 
\i'iliil    iiitn   a    u'naiiliaii    siiiril    nf  llir  walris. 


XV.— i;(»rNI)    KANAilAWA. 

Tills  >iiiii;  Hull' liay,  iinw  i'\ili.iii;.'i'l    Ini-   till'   iiii-il'i' 

lial'linlll'  III    Sininila.    allnnls  a   ilrplll   nf  lllirti'i'll    latll'illl^ 

•  if  watiT,  a  mill' ami  a  half  linm  ilm  slimr.  Wiiliin 
lilt'  liay  ai'i'  twn  liranliliil  i>lani|s,  rnMiiil  uillia  ^'I'lin 
^inwlli  nf  lii'iliaL,'!'  alnl  sratlilril  ;;rnvi's.       Tin'  mast  is 

•  ■nni|insiil  nf  a  slnrnv-ii  II  nf  sli'i'|i  rlill>    nt'   wlljlc    riH'k, 

•iiMliil  willi  a  fiTiili' si.il,  wliirli  |iiniii sa  liili   vr;ti'- 

laliini  lliat  liaiiu's  n\  IT    linm    nlmM-.    in    li.'avy    lr>lnnns 

•  i\'  ^I'l'i'ii  sIii'iiIiIm  ry  ami  trailin:;  \  iins  ami  jilaiiN,  wliilr 
I  III'  sia  lias  wa^lii'il  tin'  liasn  nt  tlii'  rlills  Inii'  ami  llii'ii' 
iiitn  cavi'i'iis,  w  lull' till' walri  l|n\v  s  in  ami  mil.  Tlir 
■iiiiniimliiii;  <-niiiiliy  is  liraiilifnlly  walniil,  .iml  mi  iIh' 
liaiiks  nf  a   ;,'i'iilli'  sliiain    i-|n-lii'  |iirliiii>i|iii'    \  illa'_'i>. 

liiNnml  wliirli  .sinli-l I  li  riili-  lii'liU  ami   liiL;lil\    iiil 

tivali'il  LTal'ili'iis  :  iml  liiiiu;  I'aii  In'  liimi'  |ii>'tiii'i'^i|iii'  lliaii 
till'  laml>ia|ii'  ii|inii  ihi'  siiriniiiMlin^  slmri's  :  llii'  iliip 
lirli  ^ii'i'ii  nf  till'  \  i';.'i'lalii'ii,  till'  iiinnim  raliii'  iliiiviii'.' 
\  illa;.'i'S  i'iiilii»nn'i-il  in  ill  i.\  !■>  nt'  In-rs,  at  tin'  Im-hU  nl 
till'  iiili'ls  wliii'li  l.iiak  till'  nnilniinity  nt'  tin'  liay,    ami 

till'   rivillll.-.   llnwilli,'  ll.HMl    till'   L'll'in   s|n|ins    nf    till'     llill.-. 

ami  wimliiii;  caliiily  tlii'niii.'li  tin'  iniailnw-,.  iiiiiiliini'  In 
fnllii  a  .si  fill'  nf  iiianly,  a'liiinlami'.  allil  lia|i|iini>s.  lliat 
t'Viynlii.'  niniri's  In  mill  i-iii  |  ilal  1'. 

A  circuit  cmliraiiiiL;  snuic  live  miles  was  tlic  extent 
of  till'  tielil  of  olisci'Val  inn,  Imt  tliis  n^vc  an  n|i|iiir 
tiiiiily  nl  M'rim_<  a  v"""l  ili'il  "f  tli^^  cniinlry,  scm-imI 
111  llie  Milages,  ami    largo  liunilicrs  ul  llie  jicuple.      'J  In- 


c  irly  miriiii;  in  that  tiinpcrat*!  latitiiile  was  now  much 

ailvai I,  iiinl  was  wiiriii  ami    u'cniiil.      'I'lic  liclils   ami 

Il  iraecil  pinleiis  v»  i  le  liiiw  earpileil  with  ii  fresh  iiihI 
ti  inler  vrriliile,  ainl  llic  li'ees  Willi  the  full  LTnwtli  nf 
rilnweil  M'^clalimi  spiea'l  their  shailcs  nf  al.miiiiliii;; 
fnli;:;;e  ill  the  valleys,  ami  nil  the  hill  siile.s  nf  the  hiir 
mnmliii^'  1  niiiilry.  The  eamelli  is,  w  ith  the  inillielise 
•,'rnwtli  nf  flirty  (fvi  in  liciyht,  w  Inch  alimiml  every 
where  on  the  slmies  nf  the  liav  nf  ^'eihlo,  were  ill  full 
liliM.iii,  with  their  lliai,'liiliii'lit  reil  ami  «liite  liln^snliis, 
whieh  ili-pliiM'il  a   rii'lims.s  anil    piirlly  nf  mlmir,  ami 

a   per.'eilinll  nf  lleNeliipmellt  llllli  Valleil  ehew  ll.n'. 

U  illi  It  party  nf  nllieers  wc  werii  mmlueleil  to  the 
imnic  of  the  iiiaynr,  or  chief  liiaLristl'itc  nf  the  town. 
This  ili;;iiitary.  with  ;;i'eat  cnnliality,  iiiel  anil  ^vel- 
cnmcil  IIS  to  the  Imspitalilics  of  his  estalilishnielit. 
The  interior  was  ipiiie  iiiipri'temlini.',  (niisistiin{  of  a 
l;iri»c  I'lioni,  .spreail  wiili  sni't  mats,  liijhleil  with  nih  il 
paper  wimlnws,  liiini,'  willi  rmlely cxeenteil  carlnni.^, 
'iml  liii'iiislieil  'villi  the  usual  rcil-cnlniircil  licnchcs. 
The  wife  ami  siller  nt  the  town  otliiial  soon 
eiili'ieil  with  refri'slinieiils,  ami  siiiileil  a  tiniiil 
Wilinpiie  In  the  !.'llisls,  Tlie^e  wnlllell  Were  lialcfniiteil 
ami  hale  lei.",'e.|,  ami  Were  ilioseil  Very  nearly  alike,  in 
il.irk  enlolircll  rnlii^,  with  nilleh  of  the  llllill'es.s  liink  nf 
iiiiihl  U""!'*.  seiiireil  liy  ft  lirn.nl  liaml  pa>siiig  rmiml 
the  wai^t.  Their  li,'iiies  were  fat  ami  iliiiiipy,  or  at 
any  rate  appeaieil  .sn.  in  llnir  nimracefiil  ilrapery  :  Imt 
I  heir  faces  were  Iml  Wiiilili!,'  ill  evprcssinii,  for  which 
they  were  Very  lllllcll  ileh  hleil  tn  their  f,'listellilu»  eyes, 
which  Were  Mack  as  well  as  llnir  hair.  This  laller 
w.i>  ilrc»eil  at  the  tnp  nf  ihr  lieail,  like  that  of  the 
mill,  tliiiiii,'li  imt  .slia\ci|  in  fr.nl.  .\s  their  "riiliy" 
lips  paileil  ill  siiiiliici  jjraeiiui^ly,  tiny  ilis]ilayeil  ti  mw 
nf  liLl'  k  teelh,  set  ill  hollilily  cnnniliil  ({linis.  The 
w.irthy  iii.iynr  hail  smne  rcfii  shiiieiils  piepaicil  for  his 
•,'iicsls,  cnlisislini.'  nf  tea.  Cakes,  miifecl  inli.iiy,  ami  the 
iii'M'r  ali-eiil  .saki.  Willi  the  laller  was  ser\ci|  akiml 
of  Imt  wallle,  iiiaile  appai'elilly  of  rice  llniir.  The  civic 
ilii,'iiit;iry  hiniMlf  w.i.-.  very  active  in  ilispeiisini;  tlin.se 
otl'erim.'^.  ami  was  alily  secnml'il  liy  his  wile  ami  sister, 
wlin  aiwis-  I'eliiailieil  nil  their  kliees  ill  presence  nf 
llie  ^Iraimeis.  Tlii>  awkwalil  pnsitinn  of  the  lailies 
llill  Mill  siiiii  111  iiilerfcrc  with  their  acli\ily,  I'nr  they 
kept  riiiiiiinu  aliiiiit  very  Im-kly  with  the  .-.ilMr  .saki 
ki  llie,  the  .services  of  whicli,  ill  coliseipielici'  of  the 
sniallness  lift  he  cups,  were  ill  enii-taiit  rcipii-il  inii.  The 
two  lailies  Wile  nnee  isiiii;ly  eiiinleniis.  ami  ki  pi  linwin;; 
their  lieails  like  ii  hnliliiiin  tny  niamlai  in.  The  Miiiles 
Willi  which  they  per.sc\erilii.'ly  j;rcetei|  the  giiots, 
liiii;lit  liiM'  liech  lictli  r  ili>pelisec|  with,  as  every  move 
llielit  nf  their  lips  expn^eil  the  liniriil  lillick  leelll 
The  iiiaMiri'S  was  lllicniiiiiiniily  pnlile.  aliil  was  jjisiil 
lialilleil  enniii,'li  to  li|ii|i^  in  liel' hal  i\ ,  which  Inr  ;{Ui -Is 
felt  liniiml  to  make  the  most  of,  (linii^'h  ils  liirly  lace 
ami  ;;eiieral  iintiily  iip|n'araiice  inaile  il  ipiilc  a  painful 
ellnrt  In  heslnw  Ihe  necessary  C'art'S.si'S.  .\  hitofcoli- 
lei  ;inii.ii  V  wa-  preseiileil  to  llif  infant,  when  it  wiiH 
llill  I'll  il  I"  liow  ils  sliaM'ii  heail,  which  it  iliil,  with  ii 
ilei.'lie  of  piicnciniis  |iiililciii-s  that  calleil  fnrtll  tilt! 
ffi'e.itest  Hpp.iiciit  priile  ami  iiilniii.ilinii  nn  the  part  of 
its  im.iher  ami  all  the  lailies  pre.-eiil.  On  piepariiiu  to 
ilepaii.  the  chill'  of  mir  p.ii'lv  prii|insei|  the  lieallh.  ill  ft 
Clip   nf  .saki.    of   the    wlmle    inuiselinlil,    which    lirmi^'ht 

iiiiii  till!    I 111.    frniii   il    lici;,'lilinuriii;;   apartiiieiit.   tho 

lii.ivnr's  iimlhir.      She    was    an    am  ieiit   tiaiiie,    ami    a.s 

siinii  as  si line  ill.  she  si|n.illeil  herself  in  niie  curlier, 

ami  Ijowuil  lu  1   tliaiik-s  fur  the  couiplimoiil-  piiiil  to  the 


CHINA,  COOIIIN   CHINA,   ANb  JAFAN. 


itOft 


fatiiily,  of  wliicli  mIii'  was  (lie  .  lilcsl    iiiriiiliiT      Ah  tin-  i 
Jh|iiiiii'«'  citlii  iiils  iici  |nii>:cr  iiitrrt'>-rr'l  witli  tlic  ciirin 

hIIV    of   tilt-    |ii'njilc,    tliiMi-   WHS    It     ^iiciil    l>|i|Miftlinil_V    lif  ' 

cili.iri'\  in;;  tlii'iii.  til  >iii{li  liiirrii'illy,  :is  iiiir  |iiii'ty  wri'i' 
iilili};i'il  ti>  I'l'tiira  nii'ly  to  tin-  .Hlii|>H  'I'lii'  |m'ii|iIi', 
ill  till'  Hiiiiill  towns  ;i|i|ii'aiTil  tn  Ih'  iliviilcij  inti) 
liiiit'  |iiiin'i|i:il  cliis.sis  -  till'  iillii-iMls.  tin-  trmlcis 
iiihI  l.iliiiiilTis.  Till'  illfi'riiir  |ii'M|ilr,  nlinoht  williiiilt 
I  \i'i'|itiiiii,   srriiii'il   lliriviii);   mill    nuili'iili'il.    mill    imt 

crM  IWlllkl-l,         'I'lll'l't!      Wi'l'l'     .si^'llS      ipf      |lll\l'll\,      llllt      III) 

i\  i'li  lie  I' iif  |iiil.lii- lnij.Mi  y.  'I'lic  w.itiirii,  ill  (iiiiiiiiiiu 
Willi  iiiiiiiy  ill  viiriniis  iimi.H  nf  nvir  |io|iiil  iti'il  l''.iiiip|ic', 
wrri!  I'rri|lii'lilly  Krcii  ell',',!;;!!!  ill  till)  fli'lil  laliiiiiis, 
.••li(iwiii){  tin'  {.'ciirral  iinlii-try,  ;iiii|  tlir  innssity  of 
ko'liili;;  rviTV  liiitnl  Inisy  ill  1  lie  |io|niliiiis  nii|iii'i'.  Tin- 
lnwcst  I'liissts  cVfii  Wfi'iM'iiiiitoiliil'ly  i'ImiI,  I'l'iii^^ilrrsscil 

ill    l-IKIISO    rottllll     glll'llll'llts,    of    till-    hllllM'     flll'lll,     tllllll^^'ll 

>liiiiti'i',  tlimi  tliosi!  of  |||i'ii'Mi|ii'i'i.ii's.  liL'iiit;  u  looso  rnlii' 
ju.st  nivi'iinn  ''"'  ''i|''*-  i'lny  «"ii',  for  tin'  iimst  |iiit't, 
Inil'c  linnliil,  mnl  liin;  fi"ilri|.  Tiir  sviitin'li  wil'i- iliTsstil 
very  iiiinli  like  llm  men,  iiltlnni^li  llnii'  IiimiIs  wi'Ii- 
not  sliavi'il  liki'  tlioM'  of  till'  iii,ilr>.  Mini  llirii'  loiii;  hair 
»:is  drawn  ii|)  iili>l  fi^trinil  njioii  tlic  |n|i  in  a  knot  or 
iiiiilir  a  pail  'I'lii'  cosliiiin-  ol  tin'  ii|>{M'r  t'la>M'S  ami 
1  lin  ili;,'iiil  irii's  lias  licrii  aln-nly  ili'scrioi  il  In  rainy 
Hratlii'i',  tlin  .lapaiii'sc  w.  ar  a  'ovi'imi;  iinnli'  of  straw, 
wliirli,  iii'inn  fisiriii'il  to;j;itIiir  it  tin,'  to|>,  is  Mis|)i'iii|i'il 
IVoiii  I  III'  link,  ami  fulls  ovir  t  hr  "lioiiMirs  ami  jii'ison  ' 
likt'  a  tliatrlii  i|  i f 

Sonn'  of  till'  liii^ln'i'  classt-a  covir  tin  ir  fnln'S  with  an 
oili'il  |ia|ii'r  I'loak,   uliicli   is  iin|»'i'iin'Mlili'  to  tin-  wi'i. 
Tlio    liinlirrlla,    like   Miat   of   tin'  <  Iiiiu'MI    is   iiliiiost   ii 
niiislaiit    roni|i;iiiion,   ami   serM'-i    '"ill    to   .sliailn   from  , 
tliu  rays  of  tlin  sun,  and   to   ki  i'|i  olf  tlie  clfiris  of  a  , 
(.iiowir.       Till'    mill    of  all    riasscs    wrio    t'Xni'diiii^ly 
ruinli  oiis,  and,  all  lioii;,di  ini|iii-itivi'al><int  l  lio  straiii;!'!'-,  \ 
ni'vcr  lii'iann'  olU'iisivi'ly  iiiMiisiM'      Tin'   lower  |ii'ii|il(' 
wi'iT  fvidriitly  ill   '^Trit  dioad   of  tlieir  sn|Miioi's,  and 
Here  iiioii'  rrsi'i'Vi'd  in  tlicir  |nrM'iii'i'  tlian  if  tliry  had 
Ih'i'Ii  left   lotiirir  nalnial  iiiitiints.      Tin-  ri;;il  exclii- 
sivi'iii'ss  ill  li'^lMld  to  foiii;;mrs  is  a  law  nonly  runted 
liy  the  piveriiineiit   from    inolives  of  |ii>lii  y,  and  not  a 

seiitinieiit    III    the    .la|iane>e    | |ile.       Their    lialiits   are 

social    amoii;j    theniMlves,    and    they    fiei|iieiitly   inter- 

iiiiiii,de   ill   friendly  iiiiei iii'sc.      There  is   one  featilii! 

in    till!   hociL'ty  of  .la|iiii    liy  whieli    the   s'i|ieriorily   of 
the    |H'o|i1e   to    all     other    oriental    natioii.-i    is    rlcarly 
iiialiifest.      Woman  is   ret'o^nised   ^is  a  eoin|ianioii,  and  . 
not    merely  treat«'<l  «.s  a  slave.      Her   |io>ilioii    is   cer-  I 
liinlv  not   as  elevated  as   in  those  eointrii  s  under  the  , 
inlliieiiee  of  lhi'( 'hrisiian  di<|iensation  :  Inittlnunotlier,  : 
wife,  and    il.iiiLlliter  of  .lapaii  lire    neitlier  tlio  chattels  | 
and    household    dinil','es    of  (^'liina.    imr    the    |'Uiihased  j 
ohjei'ts  of  the  0  i|iririoiis  lust  of  the  h  neins  of  Turkey. 
Tho   fai't   of  the    noii  existeiiee  of  |ioly'_'iiny  is    a    dis-  , 
lilielive  fealnre,  wiiiili  |ire  eniinelilly  charailerises  the 
•la|>miese    as    the    iiiiiimI    and    relined    of     all    easlein 
nations.     The  aliseme  of  this  de;;r;nlin;;  |n;ntiet!  hliows 
itself  not  only  in  the  superior  eliannter  of  the  wnnieii, 
Imt  in    tin'    natural  «'oii.sei|m'neu  of  the  greater  preva- 
lence of  the  doiiiestie  \irtins 

'J'Ik'  .lapmie.sc  women,  always  ex(('|iting  tlic  disijust-  - 
ill);  Idack  teeth  of  those  who  are  married,  are  not  ill- 
liKikin;;.  The  yoiiiii;  girls  are  well  formed  and  rather 
]irotty,  mid  liave  iniich  of  that  vivacity  and  self  reliance 
ill  inanntM-H,  wliiih  coiiil'  from  a  con.si'i^aisness  of 
dignity  doriveil  from  the  com|(ar«tivi'ly  high  regard 
in  which  tliuy  are  huld.     lu  th«t  urdiuary  mutual  iiitvr- 

Vdl.I. 


eoiirsf  of  friends  and  fimilies,  the  women  have  their 
Hhare,  and  rounds  of  n  isitini;  and  tea  parties  are  kept 
up  as  hriskl.N  in  .lapan  as  in  the  Initeil  Stjites.  The 
attitude  a-siinied  hy  the  woiiieii,  who  prostrated  them 
.si'lves  in  the  proeiiie  of  our  party,  inn^t  lie  i  onsideied 
riitjiera-sa  mark  of  their  riveieini'  for  the  Htran'.;ers, 
than  as  an  e\  idenee  of  their  snlioidinatioii  'I'liat  in 
the  huge  towns  and  lilies  of  J.ipaii  tlnie  is  great 
licelitioilsiiess,  it  is  reasoiialilu  to  suppose,  for  sileh 
seems,  unhappily,  a  iini'ir-al  law  in  all  gnat  eoininii 
liities  ;  llllt  it  III  list  lie  s  lid  to  the  I'll  dit  of  t  lie  ,1.1  pain  -c 
wonieii,  that  during  all  the  time  it'  the  preseiire  of  the 
sipiadroii  in  the  llay  of  Veddo.  tiny  saw  iione  of  the 
Usual  indications  of  wanloinii  ..s  mid  licen.>e  on  the 
|iart  of  till'  female  sex,  ill  the  occaHiolial  relations  Willi 
tho  iniscellaiieoiis  ships'  ju'ople.  While  staying  at 
Kaiiagawa,  the  •Jap.'iiiese  ollleials  gavi-  the  ollicers  an 
op|iortunity  of  wiiiie»ing  ono  of  the  lelilnitii's  ol 
•lap.iii,  a  wrestling  match.' 


'    W  tiilc  contniipliiliii^  tlic  Milistmiliiil  ex  iiieiin-M  ol'  ,Iii|iiilie<i' 

^N-lll'ltlsilN,    till     ll'teiltillll    lit'    llll    \V;lH    Mlllll.-llly    t-i\,  1,  ll  ll|MI||     II    IhI||\ 

iit'llllHe'tMII^  I'i'lliiU'S  wllil    tnilli|ii'll  llii"  II    tin' b<  :li'll   liki'   Ml   tlllll  ,\ 

liii^re  I'li'iiliiinis.  'I  lii'v  wiTc  pi'iili  ■.•"inn,,!  wir«llir>,  uml  Inniir  I 
I'lirt  111'  till'  ri  1 1 11111"  iif  I  111'  I'rimi-,  «liiil,i  pt  tin  in  lur  lijiir  priMilr 
iiiinihciiii'iil  mill  fur  pulitu-  cut,  rtit'inn.  in.  'I'lit-y  wi-ro  miiiu' 
lui'lil}  -tivK  ill  imiiil'iT,  mill  wvrr  uwu  rimniiniii^ly  tall  in  Htntiiri', 
mill  iiiinii'iiM'  in  wii.lil  iirtli»li.  Tin  ir  mhhI  ni.slinin',  wli.li 
was  iiii'i-i  ly  II  <-<<l.iiiT-,-<l  rlntli  uImiiiI  tl.c  li'iti«,iiiliiri'i-il  \ntli  I'liiiiri'^, 

a  111  I  eihlilii/iiih  ll  wiili  tilt'  111 rial  line  ii-.'  nt'  tin-  ]>iiia-i'  In  w  liniii 

racli  lii.>lnii^i  «1,  rixi'iili-il  llii-ir  t:'^"i>t  •'  pre)  nrliia  h  in  all  tin* 
liliiateil  t'liliass  iif'I'at  ami  l.n-.illli  ol  inii-i'lr,  1  lirir  piii|irie|erii, 
till'  |i|-itu-i-!4,  M-i  ineil  I'l    llll  i-t'tlii  III,  mal  \\i  ri'  cariliil  tn  hlmvx  tlu-ir 

piiiiit-.  In  till'  ^.'iiai.  si  ailvai.iii^'t'  ll,  tnr ii  a-'nii'^i  i  il  !■■  iiiilt_\  itieii. 

.■snllli'  twn  nr  tlil'i'  111'  tlli«i'  Il.nli.4lin  Will'  tin'  llMi-t  tiillikHI* 
nrr-tlirn  ill  .la|i.iii.  uiiil  ninki'il  u.s  tin'  ili:  iiii  imi  >aN<ri<  iinil 
Ili't'liatiH  nt'  till'  laiiil.  hniiiLM.i.  tlie  rt  |  iitcti  lailly  ot  lie  ciqiital 
was  niiu  i:|  tlii'iii,  mill  |im  iiliil  liiiii.M  ll' witli  llic  I'niiM'iniH  priilr  nl' 
MilKTinr  iiiiini'ii^it y  111  ll  >tri '  i;tii.  lie  was  t-hpi  rially  limii^lit  In 
till*  i-"iiiliiiHlnri>,  ti  at   lie  iriulit    cxmiini'    lii^    lir.iKsi  e  ti>Mii.      Tin, 

inl 1SM..111T  ill-i-t,il  tl.at  tllc  II  ill. >  inns  f'lllnw  slnlilll  lu- 
ll iiiiCi-ly  iii4(i,  i-ti'il,  tliiit  till'  liariliirss  nt  lii-  uiU  I'  ni  I'l  .1  iiniM'lcM 
sliMiilil  lie  tilt,  mill  tliat  the  t'atlii  >i  i  tliis  i  il>li  nliiil  liie.i  e  hlinlili! 
Ill'  te^t'  ll  li\  til-  tniu'li.  '1  la'  mil  IlilN'ni  e  in  t  nrilil  ^1\  lilt,  n  |i1t  il  tn 
L'ia«[i  11  H  ipinii'iise  arm,  which  he  lnui>il  iii  hnlal  as  it  wa>  liiiu'i-, 
;iiiil  tlllll  I  iiss<  ll  lii>  lain)  oV4'r    till' iiiniistrniis  iiii'L.  whiih  till  in 

tnlll.l    nttlll^siXe    lli'^h.    likl'      the     (h'W'ap     nt'    ll    pli/l'    ol.  Ah    Snllir 

-in|ir'isr  wiH  liilllPahs  iX|irrs.-iil  at  llii  UnlaUllllI  <\liil.itinn  nt' 
iniiiiul  iIiM  |i  |iii  lilt,  t..e  mniiMiT  hiiinrir  L':nc  a  triiiil  e\pri'>MVr 
111  liin  lilt;,'  ''I  vanilv.  Tliev  win-  u'>n  mi  iiiiiiiiUm-  in  tli  ^ll  that 
thry  a|i|iiMr,il  tn  liavi-  1.  st  ili>tii.i  I'm'   li  aliito.  ami  m  ,  iiiil  to  hi- 

niily   twiiilx-livo   tin s  of  tat;    lleir  e.M's   wue  haieJy   vinihle 

ihi'iiii^h  a  Ini:;;  jM'isi  relive  lit  (1' I'kel,  tie  prnitiimiire  cit*  thi-ir 
liiiHi-s  was  lost  ill  tin- piilliii,  ss  nt'  tlii-ir  hlnat,  tl  i  hei  ks,  unil  th,  ir 
lll'inls  «,ri'  net  almnst  lii-iillv  on  their  linilie«,  willi  t,  1,1s  nt'  ll,  -h 
will  i'i>   the   iii'ck   mill  cilia  are    usually   t'ninnl.     'I  Inir  threat    si/r. 

lliiHi  \iT,   \\;is    llinrc    nwilli;     to    tin'    ileVelnlliii-lit    nl    lllUst  le    than 

tn  the  ih  {in. ulna  nl'  tat.  t'.ir  alllinii;.'li  lliev  wire  cviilnilly 
well  till,  till  V  wiie  lint  li-s  will  eliTciseil,  ami  ca;  alle  ol  ^.Miat 
feats  of  Kinnu'th.  As  a  lireliiiiiiiary  exliliiimi  il  llie  |Hi«irs 
of  these  null,  the  primes  .set  them  to  riinnviinr  the  mek.s 
of  rice  tn  a  eniivi  nielli  place  on  the  sin  re  for  rlii)  pint.'. 
Kai'li  of  tlese  Mi.-ks  weit;lii-tl  lint  less  llr.ii  niic  hniiiiid 
iiiiiltv\,nt\  ti\,' |Miiimts  each,  ami  tlier,' were  niily  n  i-mipl,  ni  tli« 
wrestlers  WHO  ilni  mit  earrv  each  Iwosackiiat  u  liine.  'I  lie_\  h**re 
tin'  wiiks  on  ilic  r  (.'lit  shmililir.  lil'liiii;  the  liist  fruiii  lie  uimiml 
anil  ailjustint;  it  wiili<>iit  help,  hut  nhiaiuin^  a  il  l"i  tlie  i.iisinu' nf 
llll' Mi'Minl.  One  iii.iii  canii'il  a  sack  siispeiiili  il  hy  his  le,  tli.  anil 
aiintluT,  taiiini;  nneiii  his  anus,  tiirneil  repeat,  il  sini.iiiersmilts  un 
he  liel.l  it.  Ill  ll  apparently  with  us  nnich  case  as  if  his  tniis  of 
tlcsh  hill  heeu  only  so  iiiiicli  j;iiss.inier,  ami  liiii  I "iiil  n  (cutler. 
Aller  ihispnl  iiiiiiar\  ill. play,  tlieciuimis-i  i  i  r  |irnpiseil  that  the 
eiiiiiiiHHlnre  ami  his  party  shniihl  reiire  to  tl.,'  tieaH  liniise,  where 

tllev   \lntlhl    have    llll    nppnrlliui'y  nf  lieeili^    the    wresllelii  fxhihll 

their  prnfcssiniial  f,-ats,  'I'lii'  wnstlfis  tl.tiiiselM  s  arc  iim^t  cure- 
fully  prnvitleil  t'nr.  haviiej  eniisliintlx  almiil  tin  in  a  iiiiuiIht  of 
Hlleiuluiita,  who  w«r«  ulwayii  at  liaiiil  in  supply  thciii  with  fmii, 
wliii'li   lL«}  unvii   rei|uirwl,  and  lu  awitt  tliein  in  ilreitiaij  «i  d 


tid 


ALL   ROUND  TIIK   WORLD. 


XVL— iT.\niK.\i:i    Tin;  ii  mm-v  i»i;si'.\tcil 

\VlIKN  ■l  .lllllillirMl-    i>t'    ill-.ri||i'liii|i     ||;l'>    illcMI'I'i'l   SI'II 

ti'iiif  1,1'  ilfaili  t'i|-  I'N  iiii|i|i',  III-"  >ivi'riii;ii  Iff  |ii'iiiii' 
Hi'iiils  liiiii  11  litlli'  nwui'il,  iir,  ari  .>ri|ii(i,'  to  oiIh'ih,  ,\ 
iiii.isivo  nil  a  liiii.     Oil  till-  ri-i'i-|iiiiiii  uCiliis  iiiiwi'lcomc 

|>ri'Mi>lll.  ill  '  ■Fii|iiil|i'4<'  iiisiiiiii'H  II  |ii>i'iili:il'  i||'i>«M,  wliii'li 
It  i«  Willi  I'MI'V  cilir  llii-i  in  I'l'.ililii'^-.  t'Pi'  •(iicli  III!  I'Miit  ; 
mill   111'   ill. 11    ',''ii"*  I liruiiijli  ilif  1  iTiiii  iin  "I'  llii'H:ii'i 

kliri,  iir  ill-'  nliiivvi'lliliL' liilii-.(it'.   in   lin'    |Hr-iMiri'  nf    lini 

I'liVDV.  At  till'  .•»iiiii'  III  mii'iii  a  Milliii,  nr  ,1  si'i\  ml, 
or  II  tVii'lul,  I'lIM  nil'  \u-  Ih'mI  «illi  .1  ^wir.l.  i'lii'^i' 
ti'l'lillli'  Mi'lll's  llli'  siillHitilli'>  I'll  nil'  I  willl  l,'|i';lt(|' 
Cl'I'l'llinllV   ill   till'  l"lll|ili'>.       A   •l.l|ill|i'V    ;jiMltli'lll  III   ll  IH 

iH-vi'i'  I II    kiiiiwii    tu   liii'.ii  ill',  wlii'ilur  lie  was  ^'iiiliy 

nr  mil.  jr.  al'ti'i' riiliiii,' liiiii^i'll'  ill  ilir  luwiir  |Mi't  "T 
till'  liinly.  III'  li.i>  ~lill  -lri'ii','lli  ■iiilli'ii'iit  In  i;ivi'  an 
a  I'litiiilia!  rut  at  Ills  lliiM.it,  li''  nljliillA  tlli'l'i'liy  lil'i'al 
I'l'li'lilitV. 

'{'Ill'  llllllisllllli'llt  iit'iji'alll    ii  illllil'ti'il   t'cir  till'  Hli;;llli'.l 

I'l'iiiics,  |iii'iiriil  II  ly  I'll'  tlii'l't.      Wli'ii'viT  lias  stnli'ii  I'.ii' 

till'     Vallh'     III'    nil'-     |irllll\      Ills     nil     |ill'i|iill      tn    CXII.iil      j 

Wliiisai'MT  lia/ ii'ls  any  iii'iiii'y  In  1,'iinlillii;;  Insi's  lii.s  ' 
lil'f,  t'luvaiilii'i'.  i-.\iiii'liiiii,  mill  i'vi'h  smui'iimi"*  tlio  j 
ultt'i'aiii'ii   lit'  a    laUi'li'i  I  i,  I'-iiM'i'i.illy   if  svitli  a  virw  to 

iH'rvcrt  tl ii'sr  ill' jiistii'i-,  is  |iiiiiislnii|  with  ili'iitli.       j 

l<iviiij,'  iiii'lri-  >iirli  ,1  sy-l  III  III'  li'.;is|,ilii)n,  it  is  iin 
wiiinii'i'  tliat  till'  wiiinii,  :i'  Wi'll  as  ilii'  in  'ii,  ai'.'Ust.nii 
tlii'liisi'lvi',>  t.i  i'.iiili'iii|il  ill'  .jialll  Willi  li'>s  li'i'lin;;  iif 
ili'rail  lliaii  H  rii^l  ml  iiy  III  Kiiiii|ii'.  Tlii'y  arc  siiil 
I'Veli  tn  silll'i'l'  ilii'  I'lil'li'st  I  il't  lI'i'S  with  ;{ri'it  ■•iinliii'ss 
It  is,  liiiwi'ViT.  niily  till'  iinMi's  aiiil  llii'  iiiilll  iiy  wlm  , 
I'lijny  tlii>  )irriiliai'iy  .la|iiiii'-.<'  |ii'i\  ili';{r  nf  ri|i|iiii:^  ii|ii'n 
tlii'ir  lii'llii'>.      .Miii'ii  nils,  I'ltiz.'iis,  ami    |ii'r>iiin    nl'   iii- 

iiMilri"'i>iii_'.  U'liiU'  :it  ri"it,  llii'V  ai'i'  "nliiiiii'ily  cl'it'iisl  in  rirhly  I 
Mil'iriK'il  I'l  iIIm's  "I  llii'  ii-ii.il  .lupiiii'-i'  railil'iii  I  lull  » lien  I'mi'- 
i'i»iiii{,  llii'V  >M'fo  •.!ii|iii"i|  iiaki'il.  «iili  till'  i'xri',ili'>ii  "t  tlu'  I'luili 
ili'iilt  111'- i'l'iiK.  .Vn'rllu'ir  |«'rl'r^.i,iiiri' Willi  tin-  sirkn  nl' rirc.  ■ 
tlu'ir  MTvili.r*  ipri'i  I  uii'iii  tla*  liii^rr  It'jiiii''*  ot'  tlu'  wri'stliTs  llii-ir  I 
rirli  t'aniii'M!-.  Mil  I  li'il  llirai  ii|i  t.i  lIu'  tii'.ily-lioii'.i'.  .\  ,irriilar 
-pai'i'  ul'-ioiii''  lurlvi'  I'l'i't  ill  iliunii'trr,  ti  nl  hi'i'ii  ni.-l'i',  '1  uitliin  ii 
riii^r,  anil  til.' i{  •  "iii'l  ctift'iiUv  lii'iiii'ii  up  ami  s  iiiioi!i.- I  in  IVuiil 
III"  till'  liiiMiii.',  «liilu  ill  till'  pirilni,  iliviiH  I'livmil  witli  roil 
oliilli  wi'ri'  .irranL'i'il  t'lr  tin.'  Jirnni'^i*  c'liiitiii-.siiiiH'r*,  tlui  I'mii- 
iniiiliiri',  his  ulHi'rrs,  anil  liiii  varini^  iitti'iiilaiits.  t'lu'  hamU 
Irinii  till'  si  lip-  \vi'i-<'  al^'i  ill  att'-ii  1  Ml  '■',  an  I  cnlivi'iic  1  tin'  inliirvaU 
iliiriii;;  till'  p'  rr<irni.iiu'<i  witii  or>';iHi  inal  livt'ly  sir.iins  A'*  s'mii 
as  till'  spi'i'l.iMvs  li;iil  tal>"ii  tli'ir  vits,  tin'  n:ik  'I  ivri's  I'T.s 
wiTi*  liri'ii_'!il  Milt  int'i  till'  riti.',  miil  tin'  w  .nji'  niiinliiT  li.-iii;^ 
iliviili'il  iiiic  livi  p.irlirs,  iri'iip'-il  iti'inily  ii.n'ciaiiril  ;iii  I  I'oriv.inl, 
I'l'ikiii^  ili'liaiu'''  lit  "iir  .111  illiri',  lin'  ii'i'  I'liu'iLjiii.'  .11  1  i.v  i'iiiili'»t, 
as  tliijr  iilij,.<'t  Hiis  niiTily  tn  jiiri  ii'  tlnlr  pniiits,  t  i  ulii,'  tin'  li  ■• 

linl.lcri,  as  it  »rri',  111  1 iliiinty  I"  I'tii  an   I'-tiinti!  nl  tlirir 

r'iiMp:ir:iliv..  p'i»'i.|'.>,  Miiil  In  llla^l' lip  llii'ir  lii'tlin.'  Ii.inks.  'I'lii'V 
K<Nin  rutiri'il  lii'liiinl  Slim,'  s<'ii'i.,i<  pi ii...||  I'nr  111.'  pa'pisi',  wIht.' 
all,  witli  till' I'x.i.pti  ill  III'  tiv.i,  H-.Ti'  a.'iin  i'l.itlii.|  in  lull  ilri'sn, 
anil  In  >k  tli.ir  p  .•it'.in  .i  i  ■.  ills  in   I'r.mt    nf  llir  >ii  i'  .itnrs.      I'lii' 

.twi.  wll.l  Iriil  111'.  11  n.si'lVi'.l  lilll  111'  till'  lunil,    limv,    nll    till'    >i.':i.ll 

bt'iii:;  Eivin   liv    tin'  InTill-   wlii   w.-i'i'  si'iil.'.!  ppn-ih' >ii|r-, 

pn-si'vli'il  lln'ni«rl\i.s.     Tiii'V  I'uini'  i m'  alti-r  I'...  niln'i-,    wnli 

(Intv  anil  ili'liliir.iii' s'l'ps,  U"  lii'i'.inii' sncii  lin.'i'  iiniiiaU.  intn  ill" 
ccntri'ol  till' r.iiu'.  ilirii  tln'V  ran.'i'il  tlii-ni.ilvi's  inn'  a(.'iiii>t  tin' 
otliiT,  at  tin'  ili-I  m.-i'iil'  a  li' »  ynil*.  Tiny  I'lnmlnil  I'm'  aivliili'. 
eyrin;;  I'ln-ii  nili.T  willi  a  H'aiy  I  "ik,  lo  il  .' I'.'li  wi'n'  ttaiiliin,-  I'lr 
a  clianri'  tn  i',i',li  li  <  nn'  i;;.,ni~l  nil   lii<  u"iaril,      .As  tin'  -jh'iI  ilms 

limki'il  nil  tli.-i'  ini  rl.il  III  iis'i'i'.,  ivl aii!'..'i'.  ii.ilnri'  li  nl   I i 

no  iiiii'I'iilly  ami  siiii'i'. sillily  .ii'Vi  ln|.i'.|,  an  I  .is  lin   wat.ln'.l   llirni 

glarill^:  Willi  lini'il  I'.rn.iiy  at   .-.icli   nllnr,    r ly    In  cvliiliii    lln; 

t'rurl  iiisiiiiiti  nl  H  liinl.il  nalnri'.  it  was  i;i-v  I'nr  linn  tn 
Imii'  all  si'iis,.  Ill  tlii'ir  Ik-Iiiu'  liiiiii.in  lii'iii.'",  ami  I"  pi'r.ii  uli' 
lilniii'll'  lliiit  111'  was  ln-linliliii..'  a  mipl.'  nl'  Innii'  lirasls 
tliir-tini;  liir  ..ni'  aiiitln'r's  IiI.khI.  lii.  y  wniv,  In  l.nl,  likn  a 
cniipli' III  111  111- liiilU,  wlins.'  uaturi' liny  jiail  iint  niily  in'i|iiirisl, 
lint  oviii  lliiir  links  ami  inminniirs.  A>  tlmy  I'niiliiiiii'il  In 
tji'    null    olIiiT,  tlii'j     !itaiii|ii'il     till-    jfrniiint    liuavily,     pawiii;;. 


fi'i-ini-  rank,  h'itIvi'  tlnlr  puiiiiiliinuiit   rrniii   (In'   hitiidl 

111'  illl   rXl'i'lltlnlli'l-, 

'riii'i'i'  ii-i'  mi  i'l'wi'i-  til  III  til'ly  ilill'iii  lit  Ii's  nf  |M'r- 

rnl'iiiiii',,'  tilis  must  liiii'i'ilili'  |irai'tiri'  nl  II  iiikari,  wliirli 
all' 1  tistiiinary  luiiiiiiij  llii'Mi  nrinilal  slnirs.  Cni'.  it,  in 
till'  t'.i'i'  111'  sinli  I'arls  iis  tlnsi',  lie  saiil  llial  il  is  tint 
ili'>i|-.ilili'  In  imikr  kimwii  In  llii'iii  liy  all  |iii>'silili' 
Mi'alis  II  liiiil'i'  lM'iiii.'li  ami  a  linil'r  lilimalir  .syslcin  nf 
I'l  linimi  ami  ni'iiMlil\  i 

i»li|il I  ili'^i  nlii's  till'  Iniri'ililii  |irarliri'  nf  ilnHnfi- 

kari  a^  li niiiii;  Ki'ii'lnally  i'\liml  :   Init  .Mr.  Kiiialiiiii 

I 'ill  liw.illis     I'i'Inli'S    ail    imiili'lil     wliirli    nnlirrnl  ill  llJ!* 

|ilr^.' ,      wliirli     sllnw  >    llnW     striili;;    II    lliilll    II    CILstnlll, 

linWi'MI'  Mlilinl'l'i'llt  illlil  llllliatlllal,  wliirli  lllls  Inl'll  lii|l|{ 
ill  I'nrri',  may  Iiim'  hmt  |irii|ili'  ni  Ini  w  isc  sn  iiilcllini'lil 
111'  WHS  walkinn  mi  slmlr  at  Siimnla,  in  ('iini|iaiiy  willi 
till'  >ailiiin  ma^tir  nf  an  .\  iinrirali  sliip,  \s  lirii,  Iir  sivs, 
till'  lir>t  iiliii'it  nf  imti'  lliat  tliry  iniin'  In,  wii.s  a  spy 
linllsi'  nf  lialllliiin,  wliirli  llinl  llri'll  t'lii'Icil  .silii'l'  tlirir 
arrival,  I'nr  lln'    |.iir|iii>''   nf  riialiliiin  tlic  .ln|iam'M'  nlli 

rials   W'llll     nri'lljiii'il     II     In    llnli'    I'St'lVnlll'    llinl     lift    till' 

,slii|i,  ami  I'.'iii^i'  liiiii  In  III'  fnllnwril  I >r  wali'liril  liv  out' 
nr  inni'i'  nf  I  Inir  iiiinilii'r. 

TIli'V  lli'nl  mil  |iii»i'i|  tills  |iliiii'  nf  r>|iinnii^r  liinli' 
tlian  a  liiiiiilrril  \ai'il>,  wliiii  n  ('iiii|i|i'  nf  twn  swiiiiliil 
nllii'ials  I'liK'I'ni'il  fi'iilii  its  |iririlirts  nliil  Inllnwi'il  tllclli, 
very  s.inii  ('iiiiiiiii,'  within  s|iiakiiii,'  ili^tamr  'I'lii'V 
s|n|l|ii'i|    In    allnW     nf    thrill     In    riillil'     ll|i,     lillt    llny  lllsn 

li.ilti'il.  'I'lii'-i'  li'lliiws  Will'  \ir\  iiiij  i'|iiilal'  with  tin' 
■^illim,'  nii^li-r,  wliii  hail  an  iliMi|'<'iai.li'  iilijrillnll  In 
lii'iii;.;  walrhiil;  llir  riin»i'i|inii(  i'  wii.s,  that  tiny  lliriiril 
liai'l;,  ami  ('lii>i  ly  inhfrniili  il  tlii'  iwn,  tnwlinmlhi'y 
mull'  iiliiiii-.taki'ali|r  siniis  that  tlii'y  uin  iint  walilfil, 
amilli.il    tiny   Wniilil    nlilini.    l,y    j^niiii;    In  llir   aualli,    ill 

as  it  wi'i'i',  willi  iinputirnri',  anil  llnii  slimp'iin  llnir  lin^:c' 
li.iilit'*,  I  In'V  ^'iiispi'it  liamlt'iiU  of  iliil,  iiinl  tiK^ril  il  with 
aii;;ry  ji'i'k  nvi  r  tliiir  liai'l..*,  nr  riil'ls'-l  it  iiii)iiirniiilj'  In" 
tvviiii  tlirir  ^ianl  palms,  nr  iiinli'r  thrir  siniil  hlii'iilili'r«. 
Tiny  ii'iw  I'lnni'lii'il  Inw,  i-lill  knipaiu'  lliri"  i  .m  -  liMil  iipnn  I'mli 
nllnr,  iiml    WMlcIni:^'   rvrn     iii"M'nn'iit,    iiiilil    in   nn   in'lant  tlirv 

linlll   -illilllaurnll-ly    lii'.lM'll   Ihrir  llia--ili'  I'nni  ^  in  nppniillj:  Inri'r, 

linil\  I'llinly,  Willi  a  Inii'i'  tliiit  iiii^ht  Inim'  sIi  iiIiI'iI  nil  ii\  :  llic 
n|nililii-iM'ii  nf  tlii'ir  iiiniistrnns  riiinii's  wiis  l,;nill\  ili>iiii  1 1  il  hy 
tin' •''llii'iii'''' 111,  till'  1  lli'i'ts  nl  wliicli  were  hut  I'liii-iy  vi^ili'i-  in  thn 
ipiivnr  nf  tlin  liiiii::iii;:  lli-.!  il'tlnir  Isiilii's,  /s  liny  Ciiiin' tn^ellirr 
llii'V  hail  thrnwii  llnir  hnnMiy  nrms  amnial  ciih  mlnT.  iiml  wrrc 
iiiiw  ent  v\  iiii-il  ill  a  ili'ipi'taii'  ^ti'np;;h',  inch  ^1  ii\  iiiu'  with  all  Ii'k 
I'linnnniH -Irniu'ih  |nilir"«  his  mlvrrsiiy.  'I'lr  ir  ;:ii  iit  iiin-ih"> 
rn.i'  «iili  till'  ili»iin<'t  1  iilliiii' 111' the  mnlptiiiiil  Inrin  nl  11  i'i.ln>,.iil 
Iliiriili'S,  thi'ir  hinili'il  I'.'iiiiii'ii.iiiri  H  swrllnl  lip  Willi  i;ii-ln'»  nf 
hlnnil  wha'li    ki'i'iiii'il   I'l'inly    111  hur>t    tlirniiu'li   lln'  'kin  nf  tlii'ir 

rrilili'llnl  f s,    mill  Ihrir    Imp'  lunliri   p,llpiliiti  ll   wilh  illlnliilll    lis 

till' •'tnii;-.:li.'  cniirMiiii-il.  .\l  fi-'l  mu' iit  t.ic  niil:  piiii''t'' tell,  with 
hi-i  iiiiini'iisi'  wi-iL^lil  hi'.iMly  iipnii  lln*  pi'nnint,  iiinl  Ih-iiil'  ili'rlairil 
V  iinpiislii'il,  was  .i>sii|,',|  i.i  lii.s  li'i-t,  itnil  I'l  inlmiril  tr'iii  llir  rill;;, 
l  111'  M'l-iir  was  iinw  ^  'iiirw  hat  varii'il  hv  :i  I'hnt  ^r  in  tin'  kiinl  nl' 
rntn|in'>l  Is'twciii  twii  '>ini' I'liiii',;  wii'sil,  r^.  'liir  III  raliU,  as 
iii'l'ri',  Hiimimi'iiil  tin'  iiiil.i.'"n>ls,  ami  hM',  hmiiiu'  taki'ii  liii 
pi  n-''  In  till'  riiiL',  ii--iiniii|  i.n  aiiilnli'  nf  ihl'i  inr  witli  nun  n'n  in 
inlvani'i',  as  if  tn  slnnly  liiniM  II,  iiinl  his  U'lit  ImhIv,  wilh  lii>  In  ml 
liiwircil,   phn'i'il    in    pnsilinn    im     if  rniiily    tn    M'i-iim-   nn    altiu'l.. 

Imniriliatriy  al'tir.    in    riishnil  11 llnT,  Ullnwiiii.'  Ininlly  like  a 

hull.  II  i|  makiiii:  at  inn'i'  I'.r  tin  iiinii  in  tin'  lin^;,  il.islml,  w.lli 
hi-  Innl  Inweri'il,  ianllhril>t  fur  .ml.  ii>,Min-l  tlin  hi'iiil  nl'  his 
ii|ipnin'iil.    wlin   hiii'i'    ih'   «hc»k    wilh    till'   Kli'inlim  ■•>   nl  a  ns'k. 

iillli.iii.;li  till'  hi I  i.lri  aiiiiil  i|nv\ii  his  liii'i'  f  mil  hi«  hniisiil  hirr- 

liernl,  «li  I'll  Innl  lii'iii  -Inii'l.  in  lln' iin'niiiili'r.  Thl-  miiiiii'iivri) 
wa»  rnpi'ili'il  iiu'iin  ami  ii^aiii,  thn  >:inu'  niii'  intintr  nlways  iis  the 
ii'.pi-in.' ui'l  tlnMithir  as  tin'  ri'-istii"_'  I'nni' ;  mil  lin)  I'lpt  up 
llnir  hriilal  '  nnti'-t  until  their  Inreln  ails  wire  I  I'liinan  il  with 
hliHiil.  mi'l  ihi' lli'sh  nil  tlieir  eiii'«ls  rnse  in  i;r.!il  tniiKnirs  Imiii 
thl' ii'|»'.il.'il  hl'iws.  This  ilisiriiiiiii;:  Kpii'iinle  ilhl  nm  ti'rinimitd 
iiiilil  liin  whnlc  twi'iitylivi'  Innl,  sur.i-»i\n,  in  pairs,  ili.sjihi^*!*! 
th,i;  i'nuii'iiM'  jHiwt'ra  iiinl  saviiyi'  unalitiri. 


CHINA,  COCHIN  CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


•II 


token  of  wiiii'li  llii'  siiiliiiK  iniuitt'r  took   liolii  <i(  oin'  nl' 

tllclll     l>,V     lllr     >llolllllir«,    tliriH'tl    Ills     liUl-    IoWiIIiIm    tllr 

liiiiiihiH>  I'llllii'i',  iiikI  gnvr  liim  n  rIi^IiI  |>iisIi  in  thai 
cliri'i'lioii. 

'I'liis  iiioili'  of  |ii'iii'i'i'ilin;(  wiiH  not,  liowrvi'i',  rrlinlii'il 
Ijy  till'  licioi's  of  ill"  two  swords,  who  ri'fiisrcl  to  ii'lmii  ; 
upon  wliii'li  till'  N'liiikir  Mil  iiiilri);roiis  liriiti'  it  iiiiist 
lie  iiiliiiiltril  ii'look  liis  niiiii  liy  tlic  slioiiliii'is,  i^avt' 
liiiii  Miiollirr  iiini  in  tin'  iliirrtion  of  llii'  IuiiiiIhio,  iinij 
{K'i'fornicil  uilli  liis  jicitxy  ('\|H'ililioii  liool  h  violt'iit 
I'l'iTiiiony,    wliirli    is   iisiiiilly  rmiMilrii'il   iinytliiii;;  liiit 

ll;ill('rini[<iriinr iMr  lliiiniu'lionl  tin'  rrsl  oftlic  world, 

liiit  ill  ■liijiali  \Mis  Mil  insult  tlint  liii;;lit  siifrly  lif  incrii'd 
liikd   iii'viT  liri'ii   rniiiiiiiili'd   lii'fori',   niid    w  liirli  could 
iiloiH' 1«' avenged  liy  driilli.    Witlioiif,  tlirrrfori',  iiMkiiiy 
till'  sli;:liti'st  iilli'iii|it  at    nl  iliiilioii  on  tin-   li<>dy  of  Ills  , 
ailvi'isiry,  lie  iiii>liralln'd  lii>  rliicf  srtonl.  wliicli,  Ix-aii    | 
lifiilly    liiiniislii'd,   tl.isliid   lor  iiii   iiislant    in    llic  hiiiI' 
iil{lil;   till'    Vankri'   mcaiiw  liilr  I'Nii  ir.iti'd   hi-,  irvolvnr  , 
fioiii  ItM  liidiii'4  |ilai'r  ;   It  was  liri'dlrsH,   tiir  at  two  easy  j 
sirokrs    - twii  ^ji'lilli?  .-I.islic's  of  ill  it  ki'i'li  rd^ii'd  wi'a|>on,  I 
|irii'oriiird  ill  IIII  instant,  olio  iiri-os  till"  ollii'i',  till'  li'tti-r  ' 
\      III'   li.'id   disi'iidniwi'llrd    liini.-i'lf,  and    (ill,  ii  swiftly 
d\iii^  man.      As  In-  ri'ai'lird   llii'  (.'round,  lio  rast  U|i  liis 
I'Vi's  at  Ills  advi'isary,   mid   Miiiix  Idui   .slaiidiiij;  near, 
a|i|iiiiriitly  Willi  no  iiiti'iilion  of  toilowini;  liis  i'.\aiii|ili', 
III'  i'\|iri'>si'd  till'  most  I'i'ai'fiil  j>{oiiy,  Mr.  Kinaliiin  sa\s, 
III'  had  I'N'rr  Ipilirid. 

All  wi're  tilii'd  «illi  dismay  at  this  straiijjr  rvrnt, 
whili'  the  lirotlii'i'  ollirial  siirviyrd  tliriii  tlirrati'iiiii;,d\ 
«itli  looks  of  till'  most  inli'ii-.!' lioiivjr. 

"Ill-  rxpi'ils  you  to  kill  yonrsi'lf  in  like  maiiiii'r, 
mid  with  till'  saiiii' sword."  Niid  the  Sanduicli  islander. 

Till'  Yaiikri'  liiiitti'i'i'd  out  soiiii'thiiif^  to  the  ellett 
that  /in  iriin  iii  mir/i  /'m/. 

Meanwhile  the  dist  utions  of  the   dviiij^  man  were 

|iuiiifiil  to  look  n|>on  ;   tl llier  oltlrer  motioned  them 

away,  and  went  down  on  his  knees  lieside  the  wounded 
I'odv,  and  liefoie  he  rose,  a  few  seionds  at'lerwards,  the 
man  was  dead.  They  were  miii  li  alarmed  at  this  tra- 
;;ieal  eiii.-iHle  in  their  niorninn's  |.roeeeilini.'«,  and  visions 
of  soiiiethiiii,'  worse  thin  lieiii;;  indieted  for  nialislallghter 
were  eoiijiiii.l  up  liy  them  with  j^ieat  ra|iidity. 

'J'hesi!  Vaiik' es  appear  to  lia\«  heeii  very  Ulieere 
nionioiis  with  the  .1  ipanese  the  most  eeremonioiis 
people  ill  the  world  ;  mid  an  amusing  instaiiee  is  related 
liy  the  suiiie  traveller  of  the  t.iliies  eleverly  turned  upon 
one  iif  these  presuming  ;,'iiitli'iiieii.  'I'liey  were,  lis 
usual,  tukin>{  h  stroll  in  •SiniiHia,  when  they  nrrived  in 
front  of  one  of  those  eoiufoi  t.iMe  lookiiifj  two-storied 
estalilishmeiit.s  towards  tlio  end  of  their  ralnlile,  from 
wliieh  tliele  eaiiie  Hounds  of  ]ileasaiit  Iiiil.sie. 

'•  llillo!"  exelaimed  his  compaiiiou,  as  if  in  astonish- 
ment, '■  iiiiisic  !   eh/      listenl      ho  you  hear  (" 

And  then,  as  if  snddunly  seized  with  an  iiinoiitroll- 
ahle  attaek  of  Yankee  eiiriosity  and  iiii|uisitivi'ni'ss, 
and  without  pansin^j  to  loi.sider  of  the  polii.eiiess  and 
|iro|irii'ty  of  the  proeediire.  he  at  oiue  eoiiimeneed 
I'liniliiii);  lip  to  the  roof  of  the  )>oreli,  to  see,  as  he  said, 
what  W'ii8  ;;oini,'  on  For  a  nioiueiit  he  appeared  to  lie 
lookini;  with  ea;;er  salisfaetion  upon  the  sinht  liefore 
liilii,  liut  as  ipiiekly  a  eloud  .seemed  to  ero^s  his  faee, 
ftnil  he  eaiiie  down  with  a  solier,  nonplussed  .'-mile,  and 
an  as|  eet  eon.-ideraldy  eliaplalleii. 

"  Serves  me  right  !"  said  he.  "  I  was  looking  in  at 
tile  sei'ond  door  window,  Three  niiisieians  were  seated 
■j:  I  he  inner  side  of  the  matted  tloor,  in  the  centre  of 
which  was  n  large  lacquer  triiy  full  of  viands,  of  which 


.1  iniddlii  aged  .lap.inese  Jiiid  a  young,  highly  dresM'd, 
and  M'ly  pretty  giil  were  |iartakiiig  uith  iiiiinistaki' 
aide  relish,  when"'  — 

He  paused.      "Yes,"  Miiil  the  Kliglihhllian,  "  go  on." 

"The  man  got  up  with  a  ipiiet   dignity    wliiili   put 
me  to  tile  lilii^h,  and  ' 

"  Yes,"  Mind  he  again,  "go  on. 

"Shut  I  he  windotv  in  my  face." 

Mr   (  Miphaiit  .-ays,  the    llarikari    iiMtliod  ol    ^llil•ide, 

tl Illy    Japanese    enslom    with    which    tin'    »-s|erii 

world  has  long  lieeii  liiiiiiliir,  has  of  late  M'ars  as- 
sumed a  somewhat  moililieil  form,  and  no  longer  con- 
sists in  that  iinpleasanl  process  of  aluh  men  ripping, 
which  niu>t  liiiM'  lieen  ainio.i  ^,s  di-agici  iihle  an  i.pi  la 
tion  to  witness  as  to  pei  torin  Ills  Irieinl,  lligo  ho- 
kaiiii.  jircM'tiled  him  with  a  knife  proper  to  he  used 
under  the  ohl  system-  an  e.\ecediiii.'ly  t  iisim  ss  like 
Weapon  iilioiil  ten  inches  long,  sharp  as  a  rn/ij.  and 
made  of  sli  el  of  the  highest  tilll|ier.  Now.  this  knife 
is  only  iLsid  to  niiike  a  slight  ineisinn,  signili.  ant  of  tho 
iiiteiilioii  of  the  viilini  to  put  nil  end  |o  h  iiimU'.  lie 
has  eollccled  his  wit'e  and  liin  ily  to  .vee  h"W  a  hero  can 
die;  his  dealest  friend-  he  who,  in  our  conntiv,  wiuild 
lia\e  lieen  the  liest  man  at  I  i-  «•  ililing-  sliinils  over 
him  with  a  drawn  swoni,  i  lel.  wliii  he  ci  mnn  iices  to 
make  the  aforesaid  iin  i-ion,  the  sWord  iIim  i mis,  iiuil 
the  lic.iil  rolls  at  the  ti  el  ot  his  disrun.'-olali'  faniilv. 

Whether  this  nolle  of  siiicide  is  leaMy  lommonal 
ihe  present  day  he  ii  iild  Int  asci  it.iiii  ;  Im  iii.-tanee  ol 
il  came  to  their  know  |i  dge  during  llieir  .■h.y,iiiiil  it  is 
loo  seri  us  a  step  to  lie  Inkeii,  i  xei  pt  i  n  m  ly  weighlv 
giiiiinds.  These  inay  nri.-e  eithir  fimn  failnie  oi 
neglect  in  a  piiMie  liiisi,  or  in  coiiseip  eiice  of  the 
lonimiss'oii  of. SI. me  pri\ate  injury.  ]n  .snine  iiislaiiccs 
it  (■eemed  to  answer  the  )  iirpnses  of  a  ilinl-  it  is  the 
leduetion  of  that  praclue  to  a  logical  ci  iielusii  ii,  and 
tcrniinales  in  the  dralll  of  Imlli  pai'tiis  ly  the  hands  ol 
their  friends  I'ut  more  eoiiinniily  ii  is  icm'iIhI  to  as 
a  means  ot  preserN  iic  flolii  dlseiace  a  whole  liimily, 
one  mcmlii  r  of  which  has  in  si  ine  way  ili-lionouri  d 
his  name  ;  il  is  a  ceititicate  wliii  h  wlnti  washes  all  the 
sur\ Ivors.  A  man  who  tuns  to  laie  his  destiny  in 
tliiM  form,  when  the  claims  ot  h.ii  our  ilcmand  it.  places 
his  entile  family  wilhoiit  the  sieial  pale.  Mr.  (I|i- 
)>lianl  .sjiys,  he  is  imt  awaie  whiiein  the  flapane.se 
I  niiils  of  hoiioii:  coi.sist,  liiit  we  inay  a.->iimi'  that, 
where  the  piescivation  of  it  in  the  llniiv  idllal  rei|Iiiies 
so  great  a  .sael'ilice,  the  .staliilaid  is  plopoi'lioiiali!\  liigh 
—  far  more  so,  prohalily.  than  would  suit  oiir  \  lews  in 
I'lngland,  where  it  would  lean  i  \<  1 1  iliiigly  iinpopul.ir 
way  of  .solving  a  coiistitulii  nal  dillii  idly.  A  iiiinistry 
Would  always  prefer  a  di.s.soluiioii  of  parliament  to  u 
dissolution  of  this  naiiire.  Il  is  pli  ii.saiitcr  to  go  to 
the  country,  than  out  of  it  A  meri'  cli.nige  of  govern- 
ment, even  in  .lapaii,  liiiweMr,  doi  s  not  ilivohe  these 
coiisei)Uciices,  unless  the  Tycioii  is  iiiiplicated  ;  witness 
the  still  li\iiig  Ititsu  no  kaiiii. 

I'erliaps  il  is  hecaiise  the  happy  ilespntch  "  is 
found  to  lie  an  ineonvenii  nt  w.iv  of  siltling  jicrsonal 
or  politiial  ditlieiilties,  that  miollier  mode  exists  of 
removing  a  dangerous  |H'rsoii,  much  nioie  relincd  in 
its  character.  When  a  man  lieiomes  an  ol.jcet  of 
di  .trust  or  suspicion  to  the  government,  liihcr  from 
his  gre.it  inlliience  or  wealth,  he  is  pmnioteil  to  .siino 
ollice,  generally  at  Miako,  which  he  is  Lompclled  to 
aceopl,  and  which  entails  sinh  a  vast  evpendiiure  that 
lie  is  inevitahly  ruined.  Kveii  if  his  ineuiis  stand  the 
tirst  shiK'k,  one  visit  from    the   Tycoon,  whin   le   •{""• 


n  -.; 


t     i 


M2 


ALL   R0UN1>  TUU   WORLD. 


i 


;   I 


I       > 


1 1 


ti)    |>iiy    )ii.-.    ri'XjK'i'ts    Ui    llii-    .Mikailn,    r(iiii|ili'li's    tin- 
«<irk. 

Till'  sliiM'  III'  iN'riMimiiv  anil  ti'aili(i"iiiil  I'tiijUi'tir 
•  liiiiiii;  lili'.  :i  .),ili:iiirM'  is  not  rvrri  iillmviil  ti)  ilir  in 
|Maii\  Wli'M  licit h  ii|ii«'ais  inr\  italiji',  liii'  palii'Mt's 
lint  ill's  arc  rrnhivril,  ami  liinr  |i|.i'r  ^ii|i|ilifil  liy  hi'h'In. 
TliiM'  ail'  |iilt  nil  tii|isv  tnrvy.  llir  slrcMs  at  tin-  I'l'rt. 
■■<u>\  tlu'  liiwiT  pait  il|i«alils.  Wlu'.i  ilraii,  tin'  l^'iiy  i> 
Liiii  nut  with  till'  iii'ail  til  till'  nm'lli  ami  tin'  t'aii'  to  tin- 
wi'st.  'I'lu-  t\alrr  with  whirh  tln'  lioily  is  w.islinl  is 
wafinril  mii  a  [ir.'|'l;,i'i'  ki'pt  (i'l  that  r^i.i'ri  il  |iiii'|iii-i' 
AliMilii  I'^i'ali  I  luili  t  ul'llii'  ili'iiil  is  llii'li  j;nni'  thimi^li  , 
till'  lioily  is  laiil  iiiit  wirh  its  lu'ail  tn  thr  MHith.  ami 
fiiiiij  is  jirnll' ".•I'll.  A  vi'iy  luiil"  liiiir,  Ihihi'M'I',  i> 
aliivv.cii  to  I'lajisi'  lii't'oii'  llir  I'lilirlal  taki'N  |iia,'i',  w  Inili 
is  atti-mit'ii  liy  all  tlu'  ii'lativi's,  nuiic  anil  t'liiihlt',  in 
»  hii'  ''aiini'iits  ' 


XVII.  — M.M'CDDAIU.  I 

TllK  sjiai-ioiis  ami  iH'antil'iil  l>ay  of  Ilalioilaki,  tin- 
.■N-it'tsl  aii'i  most  aci'i'ssiiili'  in  tlic  worlii,  now  an  ii:i 
portant  hail-  ;r  tor  ".n>  Ur..\r  o|'  Japan  willi  l'aiio|ii' 
iml  Aiiiciii'iL  (i.  s  o',  till'  iiorthi-ni  siiii-  of'  tin'  Strait  ot 
Sanu'».".i,  whu'li  sr,  uatrs  Nipoii  iVom  .lipo,  ami  the 
town  lii's  oil  till'  'V.  -Iiin  hank  't'  a  sii.  ill  pi'iiin.-'i!a 
whii'ii  loriii-  one  >iili'  of  tin'  harliour  I'lii'  toMii 
stiit'-hi  .-1  pii'tin  I'MjiU'ly  for  tlirri'  inihs  al'iiii;  tlio  Iiiini- 
ot  II  lolly  pr'iiioatory,  with  thr.'i'  pi-.iks  ii>iiii;  iVoin 
niKl  to  i.itlKl  (I'^'t.      I'lii'si'  ai'i-  iiai-i'  at  tin-  sniiiin.t.  ami 

•  il'ti'ii  roviTiil  witli  snow,  tlii'ir  i.ppii'slopi's.iri- srai'-riy 
'lothi'il  witli  iimli'i'U'ooii  ;  Imt  Im'I'iw,  uhrii*  lli<-  iiioiiii- 
lains  lii",'ii  to  ri--!'  from  tin'  low  i.iml.  thi'i'i-  afi'  "{rov.'^ 
'if  «iiii'  -pi  >■  •iliiii;  ryprissi'S,  tall  foii'>t.  iimplrs,  ami 
tniitli'aiiii^  till'-,  till'  pliiui  ami  tin-  pi'.nli.  A  low 
-amly  i-lliiiiiis  'oniii'i'ts  tin*  poallisnla  with  tho  inain 
lii'ii.  'i'lii'  touu  i'oiiiaiii>  "Vi-r  a  thou-.iiiil  ii.ni-..-.. 
limstiy  oil  'Mil' 'iiaili  tlio|,.iii;h|'.iii' lir.ii' till' ■■■'1   -I'li',  opi'ji 

'  .S'T'i'iii'i.'  to  Rniiii',    lill  ttii'  M':ir   4.11     i;:!,   liiit   ai'i'i-niiiitf  to 

■  •tliiT'',  A  II.  -S.",  tlii' .liij' nil  *r  ktnw  no  -nin  r  t!iai»  *:.•  ir  I\.i  ni-*, 
iir  P.iiillii'oi;  lit' Sii,li..i-  -  .iiii'i-'inil  InTm-i  ilritinl  i'V  tr..'lit  i.m. 
.\ri'"rilin„' t'l  Su'IhiM,  till'  il.«'irlin'  cif  I'.'nlai'.ii.-i,  :!•.  ui'll  a.  :li;H 
111  liii'iilli.i,  \v,is  ii  lu.liii'i'il  iili  lilt  A  11.  2^,'i  t'lniii  till' (iiri'a  ;  lint 
ii'iiinliiii.- t'liiiliirn.  'Ill'  ii.iiiiaii'ti'iii  iil  tlii'  iliH-lrliii*  of  l!".'l,iiia 
|iri'i'i'il<it  ili.it  iif  C'liit'iiriiiti  liy  iii'iri'  tli.iii  n  I'i'iiiliry.  t')i<' vvunt 
''  K.iini,"  liki'  itiip  r>i^'l  "li  Willi  "tint,"  iiiiiv  Ih-  ii-iiii  in  it  tnr.n.in 
Ki'ti-i'  IIP  ill  ti  rrt:^iiiit<  niii'  'fill'  .Iai';ini'*i'  iiisi.  api'tN  il-i*  t  rin  I  i 
11  "•ll|ili'n  ■■  (iiil  li«  Ml  II  iiH  In  till  il  lii'ili.'.l  ln'Tiii"<.  I  ii.'  pri  "I*  iif 
llii'  Siiit"-is  inuy  iniirn  ;  liiu^i'ut' ltii<ti1lia  .nay  iMf  il'i  .^o,  ami  tin*, 
in  iNiiiir'|iii'in't*,  it  \M' iiiii\  U'lii'vr  Caniii,  inliliili'd  In  iiiiiiiy  in '1- 
liT-;n'tirr«.  Siilmlil  liuH  Iri'il.'il  .it  I'.'iiiilli  npn'.  lln'  iiiiri.  Tr  mili- 
jit  iil.laininrKi' «nr«liip,  nii'lrr  tin'  In'ml  nf  '  .\i|i  |i.in  I'linllimii." 
l'li:>t  inivliiiii  i.f  lii"  W'irk  riiiil  .iii«  li'jiiri"t  iin.i  «li.ii'l  il."u'ri|>lii>ii4i.r 
till'  prlni'i|uil  iliilli's,  ili'ili'ilpivrrnii-,  Ai'.,  ti'iii|ilr>,  ;irii'«l>,.  r.iiil>« 
aiiil  iiiuiii-i  iit"iiili','r.'iit  Kit'l-,  1 II  r-'ii  ni"iiiinii''it*,  ini|i1i'iiii'nts,  anii 
i!ri'«ins  lii'1'inL.'ini,' t'l  till' Sinl'.Mi  iiail  Itiiilillii'*!  r>'|ij"n  in  .I:i|i:in. 
"  I)ia\"|ii  ri'i'li'H'iini  t'liristt  iaiiiunh' '•"  I'M-lainii -i  lli.*  i',iiir  iiriinii 
mi«-iiiiiiiri    I'"niiii;'ii^  XaxiiT,  mi   "I'f  n^  lii.w  tin'    pMiru-'rs   nl  tin- 

■  lajLi'ii'ii'  rr''i'iiilil''>l  tliiwo  lit'  fill'   l!ii'n'.tn'>tM  in   Ku'-"(n' :   anil  il'i  , 
ill..-  tiiiil  .itlaT  ini>'i.in;itii'.  1  iivi'  ri'iniiiknl  of  itinlilli^ni  in  lliinii 
mill  'lliiU'l,  till"  I'i'liii.iry  'il'llir  pi'ii'«ts  till'  n''i'   it' uini' inii'iiti  ii:iil 

•  •laili'sjiiiin,   fi-tiai:,   liilu'rnniii.i"',  vmi",  lln'  wor-iiip  nl'  rrlir*  iitnl 
-ilat«,  |ii.ir„Miii."y,  iln'  wnrnliiii '■;' ini  uri-s  .nil.,  i|  nil  tii.- prai-l'i-i  »iil 
linilillii-in,  iiri'  «i.  '.in.'i'il  villi  tln'i'  |..iir  nf  liiiinaiiimn,  ilia!  il'lln-  ' 
V«ialir  r.lnii'ia  il.il  n.it  .jati"  (iim  yi':ir»  in   ,  na.'  «.inlil  taki'  it  ni  : 
.1  111'  I'l'  nr-i'iital  ri'iiiliriiiL'  if  tin'  «i'>irm  t'.inn  of  -iii|i'r.iiruin. 

Tlir  il.nii.-liti'i»,  rml  rii.il  ii.!'.|i!i'il,  III   tin'  |iri''«t.4  nf  ili.'   ni,iiiii- 

i.i'n«,  n  |H'i'iiliiir  wit  miiIIi'.I  !i\  iIh' riii'l.s ,.f  tlin  .lanaii Ili'iiiim. 

i'iin)iii«' all  null  r  ill  l»';.':,-iii(f  iiiiii<,  »lin  iiii|H'iir  lu  U'  ,ilil..'  a  i|i« 
:;rinv  tn  lli.'i'n'intrv  iinil  to  any  I. inn  nf  n  iiL-inn.  Itiv.iit  wriliri 
'I' not   «iy  H     ninili   iuhui  iIu'w  ».il.;i'il» ;  Inil   nlil  wrilir*,  lli-.i- 

•  iir  in  Hint  Kii'ni|it'i'r,  wlin  wrrr  nut  nn  p,irtirn1iir,  n  iH'iiin:  tin' 
I  .ipli'»  III  wiini  ..  ,t»  lu  till'  M'lirri'  nf  niuii\  alMiniiutiiMni. 


ill  |iaraili'l  strrrts,  liaiii;iiin  on  tin'  iiiininta  n  siiii-,  inii 
^rr-iily  .I'lnimls  tlm  spi'itatnr  of  t  Jilnall.ir.  Ilakmlahi 
lii'lolil^  to  till'  ilii|H'i'i.il  tli'f  nf  .Matsiii:,!,  ai.il  is  tin' 
l.ii'ni'st  town  in  Yi'-so,  «itli  tlii'CMiptinii  Iif  Mailsiiiai, 
IVoi'.i  whii'li  it  is  tliirly  iniii'S  ili>l  iiit  .\n  rxrrlliiit 
roail  lii't  far  fioni  'ho  sra  roa>t  ■•oiiiiri  Is  tin'  two  pl.ni's, 
.'iml  a  iai-ni'  t'Milo  is  r.'irriiil  mi  with  tin-  towns  ami 
V  ill  o'l'S  on  ritlirr  siiii'  nl  tin-  I^trait. 

I  ill'  tnwn  I'f  llakoilaki  is  roniilarly  1  nil  I.  with  >i  nils 
iiitinint;  at  l'ii.,'lit  aiinh's.  tliirly  or  forty  fiit  «iili'.  raii' 
liilly  iiLiiailaiiiisi  il,  with  oprn  yiitlr's  on  I'aiii  siiir  to 

liri'i\l'   till'   llrippilins  (if  till'   lloll>i'S  .llni   till'  Wlisllilini  i,|' 

till'  -iiiits  Till'  siili'  walks  Mil'  pavi'il  ami  iiirl  ril,  Init 
as  no  w  lii'i'l' i|  ";irria'_'i's  uir  fin'.inl,  ihi'  liiiiiilli'  of  tlin 
stii'i't  is  iisril  iiiili-iiiiiiiii  iti'iy  ill  iliv  wiatlnr  'lln 
stri'i'l.';  ait!  I  ro.vs.'il  hy  wooili'u  n'.iis  ;  ami  at  mn'  siiln 
tlii'iv  is  .'I  -riitry  lio\  for  a  wati  hmaii  Tin' striils 
ari'  ri'iiiark  ilily  ipiii't,  s  iM'  whin  iIioms  of  I,ii1i  n  jiaik 
ImiNi's  sliiwlv  paif  thioii'^li  llii'  stii'ils 

rill'  liiiililinu'>  all'  iiii'iily  of  oiii'  storv,  \\'.\]i  atlirs 
ot  \  aiyiii!,' Iii'inli!^.  lln- roofs  an'  sililoin  imii'  lliaii 
iMi'iity  IIm'  I'l'i'l  tioiii  till' ;.'voiinil,  ami  slnpi  liouii  I'loin 
I  111'  top.  priijiiiiiin  witli  t  inir  i.isi-*  li'Vuiul  ilin  w.ill. 
Tiny  ;iii'  -.npiMiiii'il  liy  Joi-U  ami  tin  i.  ■  oii-,  ami  nm^tly 
'■ii\ii'i'il  Willi  womji'ii  shin'.'li-..  till'  -i/i'  of  till'  haiiil. 
rin'>i' ,111'  t.isti'in'ii  liy  iiaiiilioo  iii';.^.,  or  ki'jit  in  tlirir 
pla.i'- li\  lonn  slips  if  lioaril.  oi,  w  liirh  siom'>  aii  lanl.  as 
SI  Sw  il/iilami.  '{'Ill'  nalili-  I'lnl-  fd  r  lowanl--  I  In-  -trii-l, 
,1.-  ill  llollini.  ainl  till'  loot,  pioji'itiiin;  o\  i  r,  sinltiis 
ami  .li.i'li"!  thi'  il'iiir.  'i'lii'  riirioiis  sirmliiii'  liki-  a 
-to  nil  iliiiiiiii'y.  that  \iiii  SIT  on  till'  lo|i.  i-  a  Inuki't  of 
wall  I  -iiilollinli'ii  with  -tlaw.  li-.iil\  to  In  .■prilikii'ii  oil 
till-  lot  ill  ra.si' ol'  till',  a','.iiii'-t  wliiili  niiiii"riais  r.'ii'i' 
I'lii  prnnaiitioii-  III  IV  111'  oli-i'r\i'il  'Mmilin  li-irrm 
arraiiL/'il  alon^  ilm  .-i  i    ii-,  ami  I'liitiiii'- cxa-'t  U   liki-oiir 

"« \ripl     111    till'    Willi      il    an    air  rhaiiilii'f.  Ml  that 

I  ill'  w.ili  r  I-  tlii'oui,  out  ill  j,  |,  iii?.|i'.n|  ot'  In  a  sli-nain. 
'•^oiiii' .  *'  'ill'  lii'ii-i's  ail'  ii.iili'ii  wiili  liiowii  I'.irllinrii 
liiis  lain  nu|i,.|'«isi' ;  till'  p.ioiir  hmi-.'-  in  ihatili'ii  , 
till'  walls  of  till'  lioii^i's  ,11,'  of  pMii'  ii'iai'il-,  iaiii  oil 
a  li'anii'Vi'ii  k  ailniiraiily  loiiiliil  ;  tlm  workiiiai -hip  of 
till'  .lapaiii'-i'  iar|ii'iilir-  liriiu;  ri'iiiarkahli'  for  is  ih'mI  ■ 
In-—  ,'iiii|  I'l  iiipli'ti'iii'-'<  Till'  lioanls  in  liniii  m  f|  n-ar 
sliiii'  iioii/ii  iially  in  nriKivns  ;  liin  wooiiwoik  i-  i  nvcr 
p.iiliti  il,  lint  oil  .i-iii|ially  oiliil,  so  that  tlm  I'liiliiiiini 
Ih'ar    ,'i    liii'.iii,     .slii'il  llki'     li'i'k,    ami     a-     tin-     wnatlnr 

is   .si'M'ii'    III     llakiKl.iki,  till-    Imaiils    I III.     lot,       iinl 

I'fai'k  in  I  ih  pi,a.ili|n  fashion.  Thn  lloor,  wliiih  i" 
always  rovorro  witlis.ift  in.ii.s,  is  r.li^•l'll  t\i..|i'it  ahovn 
the  );roiiiiil.  whiih  i-  la'atmi  smooth.  A  span'  i.s 
alwiiys  it'ft  rlrar  iii  lioiit,  ami  nil  tin' niiii-.  A  rhar.il 
of  soiiii'  kiml,  till'  pill  nil' of  i»  ;;oii.  a  jiriiiti'il  prayir 
or  a  papi  r  w  iili   ;,ii    importaiil    -i  iiliiiri-.    is   iiivarial'ly 

p'- i|     imr    till'    liliti'l  'Clin     liiat,s      il'r     nil    liratiy 

woviii,  ami  li'iiiml  \itli  I'loih  ami  htiilhii  ^l  ii!:  ,ilniw, 
tn  liiaki'  thi'i'i  s-iiH  ,111. 1  thii'k.     'i'liny  iirn  all  of  on'  si;".i', 

till fi'i't  liy  six,  ami  look  as  if  oin'  pinin      Thny  -nrvi' 

as  si'al.s  iiinl  IioiIm,  with  thi'  aililitmn  of  a  ipiilt  anil  a 
liani  liiiv.  'i'hi'i'i'  is  iin  ntlnr  fninitnir,  so  that  tin'  in 
siili'  of  till'  liiiii-is,  wiiiTi  tin  Hiiii  IS  mil  shininn  iiimn 
ihr  ;;iil;.  painti'il  si'in  iis.  has  ii  viry  oain  ami  fiilm  M 
ap|M'.ir,iin  n.  Tin'  stork  or  ir.iln'  is  a  t'avoiirili'  ih  si);ii 
in  all  lln.  oratiniis,  as  wn||  ,i<  thf  wiiigi'ij  tnitoi'i'  ami 
thn  iliilpliin.  'I'hnin  afn  ihiiiit  nil  ;i' iiiially,  Iml  tiny 
It'  \niy  niiiii'r,iik\ .  ami  iikn  caiiip  .slonis.  Tallies  ar.' 
rarr,  i.inip.nri'ii  si  iml-.  of  iilmiit  a  toot  in  hniiilit.  snrviiii; 
till-  plirpo'M'  Soiiin  lai  ipli'I'nii  rilp't,  liiwls,  iiliij  poi'iT 
lain  '.I  .-I'l-,  till-  invarialiit.'  cliopstinks,  ami  iiii  nrnasinnal 


CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA,   AND   JAPAN. 
I'arthpnwaro  spnoii,  oomprifto  (lie  .niliiniv  utensils  uscil     luttdiii      'I'lic  imihU 


II  iMtiiiu.      Tiifv  iliink  lliiir  siiii|is   diir.llv  mit  nftho     Imt  (.tiiitmIIv  iiiitc  lniillr-|iiitlis,  ki  |.i  m  - |  ,,i.| 


213 

sii>iiallv. 


iwl,  u.H  a  liiiii'jrv  chil'l  iiii;.'h 


t.  lllirr    si'IZI 


Mi;  Willi  llii'ir     linrsrin,  ii,  iinck  iininciK,    ,i||,|   ^,,,1, 


Ills.   \t  III!  Ii     ;il'i 


I  lin|isliiks  llir  |iiircs  of  lisii  «  liicli  iiii'  ;;i'iiri;illy  (lipiitiiii;     wciiHlrii  liiixfs  I'lurir,!  on  mill's  sIhmiM 

Mil   till-   Ihjiiiil.      A   siiiuii-c  lidli'  ill   tlic  I'l'iitrr  uC  till'         Till  Ti' arc  still  siiiiir  ,,r  ilir  iiii|i;;i  iKMis  i;,ir  i.i 


11 1<  IIII  u. 


thu  tirr-|i|:ici',   iiinl   civ.t  this  is  iMiiistiiiilly  siiii       rxisliiiL;  ii|ioii  th,.  iskiliil   of  ^■^.>^(,,  |,ii 


.\il. 


t    tllr\    ;llr     li 


riii;;  a 'iii'tiil  ti'a  kr'tic,  o\  cr  a  (ire  of  cliari'iial  lii'ildi'ii     sccii  in    tlir  iii'ii,'lilHiiii  IuhkI  of  llMkinlaki  ;    tl 


.1.     T. 


lis    ail'    111 
I  is  liaiiili'il  til  I'vi'iv  visitor,  in  u  |>iirirl,iiii     iliniiniiliM'  slaniii'.   ,i  little  ner  ti\eli'et  in  lieii,'lii.  Imt 


«itli  a  wiHi.leii  eiiver.      ii  is  iiiaile  as  \vi 


itii   lis,  ;ini|      »ill  )in.|inrii ilaii'l  with  iiilellii;eiit  li 


iiliiri 


ill  llakiid:iki  lliev  ailil  iii.-asiiiiially  siii,'ar.      'I'lie  |irii|ile  ecildiir  is  ijiijie  i|:iik,  ami    tlnirliair  Mark    ami  i 

lure  siitl'ei-  niiiili  iVniii   winter  iii:.l;    me:ij;re  eliarciial  it  is  eli|i|»,|  lii'liiiiil,  Imi    MllnWeil   to   .strat,'L;le    in 

liies,  anil   ;,'|.Hiniy  lii,'lit   tlirmiuli   oileil   |ia|ier,    are  enlil  iiiattel  links  ilnun  in  Irniil    in  a  emitiisiil  iliiMi 

mil  t;|oiiiiiy       Tlie  limiso  nl  tlie  rirli  are  lais^er,  Imt  in  llieir  ImiK  liearils,  wliieli  ai  e  in  \er  eiil  m'slauiii 


Ti 


'Mm 


ei'X  I  nil;;,     hut    an-    l'Ii  «  ii 
iiiai-.e  hiiir,  w  liii'li.  I,.;;,  tliir 


llie   same   .sivie;    liiit    tlie   sii|ieriiir   uealt li  ami  taste  ut'  le;;s    are     liare   nC  artilieial 

llieir   iirui'riiliii-s   is  slmwii   in   tlie   liamUiime  ;,'arileiis  m ,  r  w  iili  .i  |,|,  nijlnl  ii,i|,  cif 

anil    jiieiisiire  ;,'riiiiiiils  l.y    wliieli    lliey    are    envii I.  witli    the    aliiiiiilaiit  ;,'iii«  I  li  mi    their  lie;iiU  :iim|    tines, 

I  he.si'    are    tastefully    |ilaiileil    "ti    fruit    ainl    sliaile  ha.s   ;,'i\eii    iliem    the   iia Iiywhieh    llnv  aie    In  tier 

nees,    witll     flower  111  lis     ami      lawn.^,    aiel     tlmveiin;.'  known    of   "  Hairy  Kiililes."      Their  iliess  i,    .iinaise 

shriiliR    iiiters|H'rsei|.       There    luv     !ar;,'i'     piililie    lire-  ami  iai;i.'eil    under  uiirimnt    rea<  liinj;  In-low  iliekiiiis. 


Nil"  warehoiise.s,    Iniilt   with    -{l-eat  care,  !ia\  in-,'  walls     o\er    wliieli    islln, 


if    dried     mild     and     eolilijes,     and     windows    sheathed      wid"    :.|ee\e^,    iiiMJe  of 


•  "  II,  eaielesslv,  a    lunwn    sai 


.ski 


in  \     liave    a 


lilli  iron.      The  shojis   of    Makodaki    eoiilaiii  a  iniseol-     wildli.ok,  and  dirt  v,    |iomi  tv  s(ii,  ken  asoi  ei,    aid 


lalieoils    .i-^  ■innii 
suited    to    the    li 


(     of    ''i« 


l.s,    jj;eiieraliy    siieli    a.s  are     <'hielly(M  i  iipii  d  intishin^' for  their  ,l,i|ianese  |  iskmaster 


I    wants   of  a    poor    p.ipiilatioli,      '.Ve  saw  uml  adliiind  tlieeoopeis  at  Woi  k  in  Hakod 


ihiek    .   •iioiis,    interior    sili>>,    eaiiheii    and     iii.ikiiii,'  hariels,  of  lii  kii.     hape,    li.r   p.iekiiiL:  i  lie  dried 


•  hiiia    ware,  hn'ijiU'red  Imwls,    eiips,   stands    ;iiid    ehop      alids.dlnl  lisli       These  llii\    lapidlv 


st  iiks,  elii 


III  eiitierv,  am!   r.ailv  mail 


'lolllllliJ 


i.-alher,  felted  elot 


with    plaited    haml.oe.        ')  h,ir    ellllelv    I 


IS,   ^l.-iss  w 


are,   or  eopper  a -lieiis  are     lliiinL:h     tl  eir     Maek-liiillis     ninl      iin  lal  \\  .i|  I, 


>ii:iui\  iioop 
lire  i .  rot    oiMui, 


ilv    seen;    nor  ale   liooks  and    stationery    '■oinnion.      niiiiieroii--     and    Imsv     lliii  ;iL,lioiit    i  In 


proN  i-'ioii  siiops  eoiitaili    nee,  wl 


heat,   liarlev,   pulse,      lielloWsali 


dried    (ish,    sea  weei 


diar.    Ill 


III 


It,    siwar,    saki,  sov,    eliareoa 


a    Woollen 


•\,    Willi   inr 


eliaiiilier'^,    eoiilaiaiii','    \  ;ii'  i 


~weet    potal 


lloiir,  and  other  les.s  neee.vvirv  artieles      worked  hoii/oniMllv 


It    oi lid 


I'lieie    is    ii'i    piliilie    market    in    the    lowii,    as    neither     while  the  compress:  d  air   i^^ui  >    | 


I    a    pisl.  II,    whie 
like    :,    l,.,|.d-iin 

roll!     iIji'      I,1|,| 


111  el,    ooik      m  r    mutton    are    eaten,    ami   very    litl!"     mi 


I'- 


ll' 


'el, lilies    a 


.1  Ih. 


ml  a  prep.iralioii    of  lH>aiis   and  Speakiii:;    of    the    .lapaiiesc     hnlies    i.|' 


Hisistenev 


.f    el 


leese,     ;| 


re    hawked      iioitherlv  i,l:i 


N 


llioKl     tl 


T(  111. lies  alioiiiid 


ip 


W  hit 


lit  till 


tlie     nion 


liiiLliaiii  s.'ix.- 


iiri.'il  place- 


if    wlliel 


1    we    .saiv   a 


tall    siiiiare    liosl,  with 


that,      just      aiii\ed     fio;ii     the     t  ropii  s.    ll|.i|-     rnddx 


.'liel'ks     nil     li 


iln 


,'hl 


illeel   i||~erli-.l 
||||    hand.        I  h 


i;  a  iMi'Vi  inent   liei;;li 


t  to) 


•e  reaellci 


I  le 


liliii     most   .     ijic     ijec     iiiid     tealiiii 


■h    side    of   the    post     pr.i 


Willi    lieilili.   striie 
Wile     l.ithi'i'     I, 


irilti  M,  aildl'' - -I'll    to    I'liiililh.i,  and    the    twistiiiL;    tl 


.»!■  lll,'oll;ili. 
lis       l:l'l,     while 


11'    lol'llls    Were    tl.ll    .'ihii     tall,     the    sk 


small    iiiieoiiipi'es..,ei|  j-tc,  ki 


lecl   w;|.s  1 1| 


Hi  I  .'ili'iit  111  v.i\  iiiu 


liiMiri.iiil     hair.    .>iml  w  liile  and   iviii    lull 


till,   and 
1.    lollllijcted 


Matsii 


T'le  piopii    of  ll.il.odaivi  earry  on  .1  lar;;e  trade  with  the    iiiimliir    >•(    the    eharnis    of  the   iiMM.iiried       'I'l 

atsinai  ami  wiilitle    interior  ot    \  esso.      The    iiinks  inarried,    as   '\.>   well    known,    lilaeki  n   lln  ir  Icitli,   am 

eiii;ii:,'ed  ill  its  ~liippiii;4  traih'  lake  earooes  of  dried  and  destroy     other     ehaniis    imist      iiillil. --K.      which    tie 

silted  lish,  pri'p.iri'il  sei  wceil  (wliieli  is  stored  in  larj,'e  u.llant   Tapt  liii    imaj;iiied  iil  llist,  like  i  m  r\l..,d\    eUe 

eave.s    in    the     m  i;;'ili.  iiihond    ol     the    port>,    i-harcoal,  piocei  did  lioiii    the    ieal.iiiv\  ,,]  i  j,,  i,    l.i.j.      liit   siilisc 
deers'-liori  ,  timlicr,  and    o|lier  produce  of  Vc... 


itati 


liiick 

es,    tolia 

[•iitlciv,    ai 


111)      i{licl:lly  licalilii 


that 


I  mall's  n.oiiii  iilar\  di-lik 


sll;;ar,     tea,     \arioils    ;;railis,     ^vmc'       miih   loMndawax     Ins    wife,   and  ihal    .lapai 


lerniils 


ie>e    ilaines 


ilk- 


■  \    ..llnr    -o 


Till 


•ipi 


in    ri'iiowii    with   the    liiii.d   mail 


i.f  n 


jiiiik 


are   ol     pi 


ll'lle.ill      ton 


hi 


I. 


t..    i;ii.'-. 


ilioiii  a  hundred  I'm--  iiicisiiremcnt,  aed    more   than   a      iinlil    he    incidciilally    heard   thai  an\    '  llli 

tlioiis.iial   of  ihi'ia    III. IS   he  seen  at  a  'iiiie  l.\in>{  ill  the     |  T.  iiy    woimii    iiiariied  to  all  inferior,  and  wisline   it, 


harlioiir  ot   llakodaki 


III  i\    t.ike  her  to   his  hoi 


lie  IIS  an  .'idilitioiial  w  ifi 


Till 


The  tish  olilaineil    I  ele   eiiii-i-.|^    of   salmon,    salliioi        I '.ipliiill    n.'itliralls     evpn-ssi  s    his  !  Mpr    tli.it    iieilhcl'   of 


trout,    ^.'iinipei- 


ihili    I 


Isli,    |iori;i.s,     lien 


111 


iiimlcls.      tliese  ca-es(i|  iluorce  at'i 


<miiioii.  :iiiil  im 


Ih' 


III  iriii:;s,  wliitiii;;s,  niiillels.      The  «aliiioii  are  small  lull  in  the  country  led  him  c\eiiliiall\    in   llonK 

of    line    llasoiir,    cralis    (capital    eatiiiu,   clams    of   the  are  not  Usual,  as  lie  saw  loss  lilooin  iii;  cliildnn  rn-hii 

oenils     I'riiiiM,    with  I. 'ailtiliilly  niarki'd    •hells,  and    the  oiil  of  almost  cv  erv  eiilta;.'e  door. 

hirUe  lillle  nil|s.sel,  are  found  ill  ^real   aliiindaliee.     'A  ild  The    too  riiihls    checks  iit    the    liiimai  I  ii  d  lailic-,   ai 


«•■' 


ducks 


Hid    othir   1,'aliie    are    pleiitiliil    m;     tin  ii      it    is   s.ilil 


illv  till 


lit    of 


an  i'Mi-v]X4.  n~ 


sea.soii,  leil    the    pliea.saiit    is   rarely    seen;    the  ei'i'cw .     . ol. in  iiij;;  matter,  iitid  n  iisidi  i  lie  the  km. w  ii  jcdoiisv 


ilo\  er,  anil  siiiiie  are  tin 


'\  ii  spirit    li\     I  he    .lapai 


I  with.      The   fo\  (reiianli  d  a~     .  I  .lapanese  1 


lescl,     Wll 


.ar,  i|.'i  r.    .itiil      I  111     1  ..iinl  i\    em 


to    »  hiiiii    ilii     l»i'.i,',.|ii  III   law  .  of 
.Wl  r  ..f  lite   for  aiiv  a.  lion    w  In.  h 


liear  are  ciiliiliiolily     liiililed.      tattle    are  only  Used    for      is  cah  illali  d  to  <  oiiipi'oii 


the  plol 
li.r  earr\  in 


liudi  and  as  liea-.I^   ol    liiirdcli 


or-.es  are   iiseil     uses  ill    Imlilin^' 


d  ridi 


I  lies   ale  ol    eNielleii 


t     hreeil. 


ith  clo'-cil  il 


ii-e  a  wom.'iii  s  I'l  pi,  I  at  loll,  sin  1 
converse  with  a  ;;entleniaii  in  jiriMiti 


it    is  lii.t   llkeU    that   tin 


il,  thoiijjh  small,  clear  windi'il,  .spirited,  iiikI    of  good     lilackciiiii;;    the     leelli     is     uti    (  .^piuin     Wlotliiiu'h 


U'liaiii 


T 


31 


w 


I 


I: 


214 


AIL    ROUND   THE    WORLD. 


imngii 


it,    I'lit    it 


llimr     IlKi  i\      li.i'l     II- 


a    |iii>vi>ii.ii    aL':iiii^t     trni|itiiiinii    liv    lii^li^iiiini;    llic  j  |ilrxii 
|it'rsoii,  Jii^l    ni-    (III    >liiall  liil  111  llir    ('liilnsf  wiir,    iiii 

(IomIiI. 


ill  I   uiiliirtliooii  wniiid  ii.-itiir.illv    ir^uiiM'    Hi    rii,ipl>  ii    r.i 


Auntlicr  i\li:i'>riliii;irv  >iiiiii 


IK  I'  unillsi'llli'llt  :il 


ii^l    .'!;<    (Ill-  >liiall  I'l'i'l  III  llir    <  'liili 

iii:iii:ili\    llitiinliil  :i>  J  (■iiiM-inii  iiu:iili>t  itiriiii-      iliiki  «.i.-.  tlii'  |iniliiiMiiiius    pulilif    I  iitliilip.  .■(' 


ll^.k. 


:-taln'V  liV  llll|irilil|i;  loi  iillliiliiill.      Smil  [ilMi'liif^  IjlTolllO,       ut:lll  iljj 


'11 


K\   I'llliT  !l  Kluilll  rimli      ''. 


nth     till'     |Pln;;ri'»    lit     till! 


|ilV     ii'llllllllt 


ll     I. 


-^iliialf,  ami  oiilv  liatllallv  m  ii  rii 


iri  y  fifteen  feet 
till-  ri'iiiaiiiiiir 


-tdiii  tliat  till'  |H'o|ili' ilii'iii-i  l\i  ^   ii|i|i<>lil  tlii'iii,  uilli       nt   till'  I'oiiiii.i.   uiili   iiiiciirtaiiii'il   \\i,.    .i\>  uiHiiini,'  "i 
lilt  I'M'li  llillik  11^;,  Ml'   .~<>liirl  iliir>   lii'll  i;   a».il'i'  nt    tliril       tin'  stl'i't'ls,  .iinl  rlnsi'  tn  till'  (itlii'l    ililiiali'-  ut  tlir  IhhIm' 


iuilial  rijr.ilii 


Till 


I I 


.'  |>m>uiiii;   tlirir    till  rliaiiical   umm  alimi',  ami  in  iirrl'i'rl 

iIm'   ^iiiiiiiii'I'    m':i>"Ii    IIm'    iimii    in  tin'      liiiiltiii'-s,    ihiIiuiu    all    the    ii|u'l':,lii>lis    i.f  tin'    liatl. — 


i>|ii'ii  air  til. Ill  ,'tl  t  111' I'liiilii'i'  jirriMi 

lrllyiii|l>  li'ti"-  Wi'li'  rmilill'..'  !■'  .1  11 

"t   ('aiitaiii  W  liltiiiv'li.i'ii-  \i-i!    Ii 


il' ^|<i  ill!.',  anil  Miiiii'      \vi'iiilvli-i|  :i;;i'  ainl    liiiiiilini,'    ^'iillinnil   ,iIiIm     iin.ili.i.'-li<'il. 
lii.-<iiiM  at  till'  tiiiii'     .siiri'iiiinilcil  aiii|  |>ri'>M'i|  mi  li\  .si  nilitv.  lailN   inanlionil. 


ll:ik..iiak 


I  nth  I  aii-i'>  liiav  li.'iM 


I,   .s'l    lliai 

llljl    IIX    <l     111     |l'll'l>    I        I  lll'lll       IIIOll 


mil  rr'ilirsii 


lllliHIll. 


S.lf 


|K)>«'.s.siiin,  i|iiit'tiii>.H'<.  ami  milir  iri;;iiii'  a.s  | 


^ay,    ami    lii'    ivpii'sM-    li.iii-ril'  s,in\     i.i    ailil.    iiinii-  inniint  a-i  in  llir  nil'im  nf  tin-    nm^t    ruili>iil    |i<'ii|ili' ; 

ailiiil'lnl    til     lliliisiralliill.    wllii'll     ua>    lint    Cnlliilll'il      In  I'lll'in.'^ity     tlril     l|llilklv     llt'l'iilc     till'     .Ni'llxatlnllK     slli'll     a 

tiif  mall'  >i  .V  :  till'  tra  i,'aiili'n.>  liiinu,  iii'  >ii.s|M'i'ti'il,  tin-  Mcni-  iiatiinilly  iri-ali's.  lliiiiit:ii  it  lul  liiiii  In  staml 
result  III'  till'  Miiiii;;  ami  ;:a\  nt'  liii'li  wxis,  anil,  Ifnni  niit.siiic  ainl  waii  li  tin-  iici.snns  i>-iiiiin  ami  i  nti'iiiif;  tin- 
all  III'   li 'ai'il,  all-   ipiiti'  a-    :iii|iii|-tant   a   Iratiirr  in  llir  -iiiiall  l<atliiii:.' Imii.-t'  :  ami.  uitlmnt  IhIii);  alili-  In  |iii|Ui' 


ilniiii'stii      iniiiinrr- 


•  1      li"'     .l.l|i,i|-  -!■     as     till'      I'lllrll        llilllsiil    nil   nm-  ami   till'  liasl   111'   till'  A'/'^'JI  1)1' till'  I  Mral 

uritri'.s  I'l  I'll  si'iit  I  III  III  In   111'.      I'   {Inn   'A  liilliii<;liaiii      I 'nnilc,  tliat  ol  ili'lirtiiiK  tin' niiiilit  mn  nf  lai'li  |iiis.s('i'.|iv, 
•avs   In'  niM'i'  .sa«    a    Mai  k  hniji.il    ttniiiali    I'ltiiiiiin^     I 'aptain   Wliittili^liaiii  .'4a\  s   lii<  .saw  t'lmni^li  tn  rniiviiii 


ll'iilii  tlii'in,    '.vliii'li    Inn    i>i     'ii  an'iilrlital  rir 


I'liur  1  III' 


liiiii   tliat  till'  IkiIIkts  wi'I'i'  nnl  rniitiniil   tn   till'   li)\\r.s|. 


altlinn'.:li    )|i'   flunk-   in. it    will  kn 


liiil.li' 


il.j. 


n   ni    Ilia 


tmniii 


nW  II      alii 

Mitiii'ii  III  to  1 


I     ilillir^illh 


111-    lIlSMlIU 


ti'  (la 


I    llif 


I 


|inll  an    l'.\rlirs|n|| 


liiaili-    intn    ti 


II     inlri'iiir 


.1   till 


lllnst    I'l'yil'    \t  i|-\  ni  |.li  asllli'  :  tills  (lislioiiii  111,'lit   i.H  a  islami  nf    Y^'^sll  I'lniii    llaknilalil.  I 'ajitall     Wliil  I  ilii;li,-im 

sail  till  Hi:  till    (ill-  wivi's  iiiii  wnlnWs    nj     la|  an,  |iri  lia|is  I  ili'sni'icil     lie  lartiis  as  Im.kiiii;  a.s  if  ni  ii;iiialK    llirv  liail 

Wni'M'     til. Ill     tin-    M.ii  k     ami    in.ill-iiiinniai     \i>a'.'i'.s    nf  I  Imi'Ii   of  lar;:i'   >  Ati-iit,   an'    nail   iii-i-ii    ili\i<|ii|     as    .siin.s 

l.liH>sa,  uliirli    till'   i-iiti  ipiLsiii^    I'l  ri-    line    ilrscrilii'S,  '  i;ri'W'  up  ami  niarrii'il,      .lliat  iIh'   imusi  h.  'Iiiiu>/Ii  nai  n 

Ini    till'    latti  I    riiiiiil    111-    maili     lair    ni'iasinii  illy,    ami  i::    its*    litlli'    |ii-<ip<'riv.    ui'i'  contigmnis. 


CHINA,   COCHIN   CHINA,   AND  JAPAN. 


*^% 


^-ffl-* 


ii.iiilin    Min 
■It  :it   ll;ik>>. 

it'    ^lii     >1MS 

y  fifteen  feet 

•  iiiii.tiiiiii  r 
c.|"riiiiL;  .'ii 

it   llif  Ihill-i' 

I  ill  iiiTti-rt 
til.     Lull.  ' 

h.lli:l>ll''i|. 
\    IiuiiiIiiiihI, 

liii'  :is  |iiir:i 

I-  sllill  ;l 
nil  t"  -laii>l 
lll<  I  lll^  tlh- 
1. 1.'    \><    |.M|>li' 

I  llll'  •  <l<  ll 

II  |i.l-Ml      llV, 

III  iiiiiv  iiici' 

till'     ll)^M■^^ 

■rliir   of  till- 

liltl  llltlllMIII 

I    I  lii'\   li:iil 
■  i     ;i>    siill> 

Ih.llf.'ll    "Ml  » 


'I'h*'  women  wrro  soon  ■workins;  in  lln'  lirliN,  wliicli,  ' 
(•iiiiiiliil  with  till-  ivi'iTwIicri'  swiiriniii,'  cliililii'ii.  m.iy 
:iciiiiilil  I'lr  till'  >-i'V  si'ciniiin  to  lucit  tWii:iyrs   i|i>ni>  ; —  | 
vmiiij;,  f'lsv.   stniiylit,    iiml   ntjili',  with   lirilliait   wtiitfi  i 
li'i'tli  ;     iir    1)1(1,    wriiiklfd,     lunt,    uml    wiili    l:'vtli    so  j 
l.l:n'k<liril  iis    to   il|ij.i;ir   toot  Mess.       A    Vriy  I'l'W  yolllij;  j 
hiaiii  ll  Women,  eineiijiiii;  tVom  tlie  one  eiiisn,  uinl  witli  j 
lil.iekelieil  teetll,  |i.'iusiliir  ill   tlie  ([llickly   ]>ils.seil  iiiiili||<> 
-late,    looked   stiMiiiiely,  —  more  so    tliaii   "  elieeks    all 
liloom  '  siiniioiiiileil  liy  >{iey  locks  in  Kiifope. 

( >i  rasiorially  a  limise  of  iiioio  |H'i  tiiisiotm,  with! 
Intler  |ia|>iTei|  wiiidows.  witli  ll  ;iar  |e|i,  rit'li  in  ; 
1  iiiioii>lv  dwarfed  trees  iiimI   slinilis,  with  larger  stoi-ks 

of  liii'w I,   mid   more   tailles-s  eats   |ilayiii'.{  alioiit    it,  ' 

denoted  the  ii^idence  of  soiiir  interior  ollieiai  ;  mid  less 
rii-.|iientiy.  ii  SIM  i!l  lliiddlii-l  tem|i|e,  eni'iosoineil  in 
Ini's,  Would  a|i|i,ar  at  a  sliort  distaiiee  iVoiii  the  main 
road 

'I'lieir  lirst  iiotimiiof  th'  lontent.  eoin|iirati\e  ease, 
and  comfort  of  the  |ii  IS  iiiMv,    were   eonliniied   hy   the 
e\jHi  irine  e;iiMed   III  si'MTal   w.ilks   iiili   the   country 
round    the   liMV.     The  round,   ro^y,    I  in:;hmi;    fai-s  of 
the   while  til  t  hid    nil's,    were    never    «  ilhdiaw  n  from 
the    window^   a-^    liey    |ia--scd,    n  ir    would    they    move 
their  iiiixoni  pii^ons  far  liside  as  ihey   |ias  ed  them  in  , 
the   narrow    |lalh^   or   w'de   ro  id-.  ,    and    tin'   inothers, 
often   oi   a   Sarah  like  a^e,   woii'd  not  refrain  I'roiii  the 
]iei form  nice  of  their   niateriiMl    d  uies  on  seeini;  them  - 
a|i|iriiaeh.  hilt,  followed   hv   their  Noiiien  hrood,    would  | 
smile  in  ghastly    euls,-,   »howi,io  llicir  teeth  and  i^nms,  | 

so  lilackilied    as  I o  have    lie'   a|i|iear:iiii f  toothless    j 

iiess.      ISovs  in  a  state;   of  nudity,   .iiid  men  rolled  only  ' 
ill    loni;   dre-siiii,' i;ii\vn,s.    tliroi,.^id    the    doors    of    the 
vilh|i;es,    Kjiliitini;    (hem    with    jokes,    Hhieh,    from    the 
p\]iression  ol'  their  himcsl  :tnd   merry   tiice.s,  could  not 
'le  uncivil. 


xviii  — i,itvi;i;NMi;NT  an'H  .m \nnki;s. 

JaP.W  lias  two  em|ierors,  the  one  eeelesi.-i.stieal,  the 
other  secular.  The  lir^t  i-  the  Miniiili.  (he  second,  the 
Tyeoim,  who  ii-.d  to  he  the  Mikado's  de|iiity.  until 
one  ot  them,  T.ikosiima,  liiie  llnuli  Capet,  from  niiyor 
ot  the  (Kdiice  liecame  lieutei..iiit  !,;en. -il  of  the  armies  ; 
and  the  inona''cli  (/••  jiir-'  ;;i\e  way  to  tli(>  iin|ieror  dii 
I'lhtit.  The  Niikailo  resides  at  Miako,  |>i'r|iet iially  iii- 
i  losed  in  his  |ial.iee  ;  the  TyeoiiM,  a.s  In-  is  ealli'il,  at 
^'»•ddo,  where  he  iiominilly  c  imiii  iiids,  Imt  viriually  is 
1  iintrolhd  liv  a  povMil'nl  l...i|y  of  |iriiices.  Tiiere  are 
ejijhl  el  isscs  ill  .lajian,  t'oiii-  ol  Which  .ire  |iri\  ile;.'eil  to 
we.ir  two  swords,  iiiid  wear  Ioom-  |iitliioal  trowsers; 
the  other  elasM's  are  me  lieal  men  and  nin.'riimenl 
clerks,  iiierehaiits  and  ■^lio|ikee|>i.rs,  retail  de!iler>.  and 
artisans,  sjiilors.  tisher  .  |MM>iniv,  aiiil  d  ly-lalioiirei-s. 

A  unind  eoiineil  of -lale.  ihirtecn  in  liiiiiilier,  govern 
ill  till'  emperor's  uaine  Tlnv  have  the  |iower  of  de 
throiiinu  I  lie  iinpeior,  and  any  nsoliitioii*  of  inipotl 
mice  .lie  siiKiiiillid  to  his  appro\,i|,  which  is  nsiially 
^rallied  at  iiiiir  .'^hoiild  In  di^ippro\e,  howrxir,  the 
m.itter  is  ll  iciii.l  to  ijiii  |.  princes  ot'the  him  d.  nearest 
in  iilitiiin..hip  l.i  ih.  Tycoon,  whose  dici..i.  in  i^  tin  d. 
It  they  do  ii,,t  a  iiee  with  the  nioliareh,  he  nii|.<t  inline 
di.ilely  re>-i;,'n  in  I  iMiiir  of  his  son.  or  some  otlier  Inir. 
I'.  liowcMr.  the  three  prime- a^'iee  with  tho  Tyoiinii, 
till  II  the  inemlicr  nl'  the  council  who  proposed  the 
olilioxioiis  mea.-un    miisi  dii.,  and  tho.-e  who  voted  with 


215 

liiin  are  wiini'tinies  reijuested  to  dii  also,  Soim  limes 
tliii  wiiolc  thirteen,  with  tlieir  prcsideiii.  make  ii-e  of 
the  "  Happy  l»e>piilch"  to  settle  a  political  crisis.  Tlio 
propii.sal  of  n  reform  or  innovation  under  such  eiiciiiii- 
stanees  is  very  rile. 

A  ;ji'iiei'al  sy-teiii  of  espimiaye'  pel  vades  the  tial.ion  ; 
every  ireiieral  oliicer  of  every  de;;ree  has  a  spy,  appointed 
to  watch  him,  in  the  sli.ipe  of  ii  partner  in  his  ollice; 
and  every  nohlemali  is  eonipelled  to  reside  one  ye.ar  in 
Hoven  lit  the  eiipital,  his  wife  and  ehildren  reiiiaiiiiii;; 
there  ill  the  iiiterviil  lus  ii  security  for  hi-  ifood  he 
liiivioiir.  To  reinedy  the  proli.dile  daniier  of  these  \  i-it>, 
e\ery  prince  or  iioMemati  hohlinj.^  a  laif^e  lief,  win  n  he 
comes  to  eoiirt,  takes  eare  to  I'l.ine  accompanied  with 
"a  follow  in^"  of  some  two  or  three  thoiisainl  at- 
teiiilants. 

ill  tile  social  lile  of  t ho  tla|iane-e  we  sei-  the  per 
fiction  iif  III)  antiipie  <'i\  ili-at  ion,  polished  hy  the 
e.xpericnce  of  ages  ;  .is  in  matters  of  private  cleaiditiiss, 
so  in  u'ciicral  sanitary  arran;,'ements.  tin  ,Iapai<-e  are 
reputed  in  aiKalice  of  us,  and  as  if  to  add  the  :ictne  ot 
perfection  of  town  life,  no  win  ehd  eai  riae, .  are  tole 
rated,  only  loot  passengers,  porters,  sedan  chaiis.  and 
at  the  nio-t  an  oecasional  lior.se. 

The  lie.iuly  mid  delitrhts  o|  the  house  of  w  .lapamse 
liohle  are  eipially  vaiiiiied  iiothini!  that  ph'asis  the 
eye  or  can  ;;ratity  the  .senses  is  iieuleeted  ;  the  >;iirilin. 
ahuiiiid  in  tlowei-s,  the  on  h.irds arc  thick  with  fruit,  the 


'  Ciiptiiiii  Stiemril  O^tmrn  Ii;h  ,in  luniisiii^  ol.s,  rviitinii  nil  tli  s 
MKti'iii,  vvliii'li  111"  liiiiiinnmsly  imiip ires  tn  niiriuvn.  "  .\t  SiiiiuHla. 
iis  at  N'aiiuM-i'Ai,  every  inii  -nliasl  itiTliiiUv  tn  1«.  t;ikiin:  lnlis  nf 
uliat  eV'-Tyliinly  rUc  wiw  ilnii.u.  I'i;icli  ,Iiiii.iiiisi'  lunl  iii.-  tirtiii-t- 
p'K'ki'ts  full  III'  iintc  |ia|nr.  mihI  a  ciiiiMiiii  iil  writing'  a|i|iari<liii< 
Hliirk  ill  Ills  lelt,  mill  evi  I'Mliiiii;  tliiit  w.i-  s:,;,!,  ilmic,  aiiil  cvi  ii 
tliiiii^lit,  wiiH  nu  iloiilit  tiiiti.t'ally  ri  rnrilcil.  In  ,I;i|i:iii,  iiieii  (In 
not  (ii'cin  tn  rniiviTsc  with  niii'  anollicr  cxci-pt  in  Iminiil  siNTcIn--  ; 

tlllTl'  is  lln  inllTcllllll|,'('    llf    tijnllclll     li\    lin'illls    lit    lie    till^'lll'.  Illlt 

till'  i«'ii  ii.  evi.r  lit  Hnr'i  lint  iii:  ilnwii  tlnir  hIim  iviitimis  nf  niii. 
iiiinlliiT.  .'siiaictiini's  «(■  -I'l.  111(11  ci'iiiiiiriiii.'  ilnir  imtis,  iiinl 
Ijnmtiiiu  ai-Hciit  nr  ilii-ciit  I'rniii  n)  iiilmis  or  liuli.  ricnrdid.  Al 
lir-t  w'c  rather  t'elt  this  us  ft  KV-teiii  nf  i.*|iii  ii:i^;e  hut  we  winii 
lieciine  aeeiistniiii-d  tn  it:  uii.l  prmiileil  evii-x  iiian  \\rnte  dnwi 
uliat  he  retilly  k.iw  ui;iI  lieiiril.  it  iiiav  In-  iimie  Milihhicti  ry  in  tin 
lull;;  run  tn  l)av(.  tn  du  wilii  ti  nitmii  nl  (';i)i|iiiii  t'littlen.  wlin  have 
*  made  a  nnle'  nf  every  ihinc,  tind  m'  h:i\i'  iii.it*  lli.iii  tl  eir  iin-iiiniiiKi 

li>  tril.,1  tn.  The  ,la)':llie^e  y\n\\  nt  |illttHj;  nlie  III. Ill  ill  It  piisl  nl' 
tni-t,  itild  plaeiii;;  iill.ithet  ;i<  a  ci  i  el,  llll.  i-,  ;iltil  ;>l|,  only  nlir 
red-'aiii'  ny  !,ti'in  in  a  Ii  sr,  iii-^;iii-id  t'unii.  'II  e  umcn  m-  nt  SiintHlii 
lia>  a  dii|i|i('al|.  ill  Yeildn,  u iin  Iimh  tn  liike  turn  .iIh  lit  Hilli  him  ill 
nlliee,  >n  that  the  aeti  nt^imh,  v.lnl-l  in  aiithni  ily .  m  i  III  n»  a  eheek 
nil  till'  ntlier.  'I'liell  lie  i-  .i. ,  ..inl..niii  d,  win  li  \er  lie  pM-s,  \a  i  lie 
priviite  iiiid  t«n  puMie  ie|iiiili  i«,  iiiul  the  latter  tin  wind  li'reel  tn 
Yed'ln  |i:irtiellllll»  nf  llll  lii-  Mils.  'I'lieir  re|iiiil»  ale  ilitheir  tllMI 
ihieked  hy  the  eniinler  stall  ineiits  if  the  >.'n\.riinr  ami  hi»  pri. 
\ate  seeli  tarv  Nnw'*  ('nlii|i:ire  tin-  xiitli  the  eii^e  ut'  the  i'il|i' 
lain  nl  II. M.S.,  wliii  rei|iirris  a  tmi  nf  eniil  nr  a  mil  nl  in|ie, 
nf  the  vii'ue  nl  iii  rhaim  tvnu'v  uliil  in^t«.  I  he  i.i|itaiii  t:i\es  u 
written  nrdir  fnr  the  pm  Imse  tube  iiuide,  mid  Iwn  iin  lelnintii 
iiiiiitt  lertily  Ilia*  the  |ir.iv  :i>l  eil  is  u  jn»t  nlio,  iiiid  V, hat  i«  the 
lute   nf  exehftiip.     In  ih;<    the    (invi  ninr   or   cniiMil  iiiiist   luiir 

witli, -».     Till pliilll   111  \l    iitlisi»  that  Ihi'  ir Is  have  lunl  ri  ■ 

reived  and  enrriiil  In  piililie  uce.Hlii.  iind  Ihn.  i«  rniiiiti  r«i^'iieil  ly 
a  Iil  iiteiiai.l.  the  lea-t.  r,  mill  iin.iiliir  nflicr,  who  dulate  llnii. 
tn  he  lit  fur  her  Majesty's  m  rviee.  The  Viiidnr  a|i;iinils  hi.i 
-i^Tiiatnie  as  a  rm  pt,  iliit  Ihi-  leis  In  Ih.  wliii-Mil.  Thiti  ll 
statemeni  nf  what  niiiintiiy  nf  the  sumo  riminiied  in  the  shiji 
uheli  the  piiiehns,.  «.i«  itiaile,  and  why  ninte  was  riiiiiire.l, 
has  tn  he  "L'neil  hy  tl  e  lajitaln  and  nfllciT  in  el  iirire  nf  Ihi  ir. 
I.a«tly,  these  dm-unieiil-ar,'  l'nr«ariled  In  the  I  uinmiiinli  i  iiiehaf, 
hIhi -iciis  ;iml   fnrw  ird-  tluin   In  the  .Veeniintant  jeiiernl  nf  the 

X;lV\.  >ii,  til  u'll  iralllee  I  he  hnllest  e\|i.  ndillire  I  II  hehrilf  nl  tin' 
pllhlic  llf  tnellly  «hillin;;»,  Die  lialnes  nf  twelve  »itliessi»  iile 
ri'i|iii~ile.  and  the  p:i|iirH  Uiti;.'  iti  tri|ilieale.  »i«.niii|. thirty 
"i^'n.iliin  <  rei|Miri'  I"  he  attuelied  and  Iu.Il'isI  in  ..lliee!" 


w 


II 


1216 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


1^ 


I     I 

I 


li'  '! 


Ill:   i 


|Minils  sw.-inn  with  fisli,  nml  aviirii's  with  lirii^lit  plu- 
iiiayi'il  liiiil.-..      A  tlu-:iliri:<   :ilt.ic-lii'ii  to  i-mtv  jialarr.' 

Till' .la|iiiiii'.sf  iiri-  vfiv  iiiilikr  llic  < 'liiiii'si'  in  mir 
ri'S|iiTl  :  tlii'V  an-  <'>si'iitiiilly  w.iilikc  ami  liravc-  Tlii'V 
nrr  aivu.--tiiiiu'il  tu  tin' ii-c  hI  arm-  iVniii  Iwiivi' yrars 
iitai.'!'.  Till  ir  liilit'  |iriili-  cniisi.si,  in  tin-  t'Xi'filfiiiT  ot' 
tliiir-  anus,  wliirli  air,  ImwrMT.  alMiiit  :i  iTiitiirv  in 
airi'ar  i>t'  tlii'M'  nf  Kiiii)|ii',  ('\ri'|it  tlii'  tiiii|irr  ut'  llirir 
sttunls,  ami  tlif  drxtrrity  witli  wliirii  tiny  laii  um- 
lliiiM.  t'liiifa.'r  an>l  jilstirr  ail-  till'  two  ;.'ii- it  virtuis 
wlliill    rilmiliMli   in  .l:l|.:'ll     -rik.s    In    il<\  i'lii)if    ill    rllil 

illrll.       TIli'V    all Ml-    fitllil-    •hlrali'lliil     iir     st'llili 

llciii-i'  alsii,  imturally  nf  a  kiini  (li,-|iiisiti..ii,  tiny  ari' 
iiivi'ti'i-ati'  wlii-ii  tln-ir  m'Ii.--i-  iilri^lit    is  injuii'l 

Siilirirtv  is  ,(l|i>tlirl'  lit  till'  i-liii'l'  rlia|-;l('ti'li-tii  s  nf 
tlio  .Ia|iaiirsc  Tiny  iii'illicr  rat  iim-  ilriiik  iiiiirli. 
Tliiii'  -lii'iii,'rsl  ilriiik  is  saki.  nr  liri'i-  innli'  iif  liri'  ami 
li.iiii'\.  S.iv,  111-  Siiya,  wliii'li  is  im|)orti'il  In  this 
riiiiiiln.  is  iiiaiji'  111'  liailiy,  llii'  si'i'ij  nl'  thi'  iliilii-ims, 
ami  sill  li  Till. III.' I.      'liny  ilo  nut  drink  I'illirr  inini'  up 

milk.     T'llm was  tirsl   intiniiiii'i' 1  li\    tin-  l'niliii,'insi'. 

Sin  si'ii:;.  wliirli  is  th  •  iliirl'  luxniy  sciiiv;ln  fm-,  ami  I'm- 
wliii-h  I'llailiiiis  |iiin's  ail'  siii  i  lo  In'  •,'i\i'ii.  as  I'lisiirinj; 
inimnrtality.    is    tin-    luot    of   tin'    w,li|    siiijai' i-ain'    <<( 

Cnli-a. 

All  iiii|il'iyiiiints.  as  iinlrrii  all  utlnl-  iiialli-is  in 
.lapaii.  ail-  In  iiilit  iiy.  Kni-nis  nf  ;.'iiM'innn'iit.  i-i-lii;iiiiis 
insiii  minns,    mniin-i-s,   riisimns.   rnsliinn'.  arrhiln  tiin-, 

all  till'  h  iliits  lit'  lili'.  ai-i'  tia  litimial.  ami  li  i\i'  I n  iln' 

Slim-  I'll'  iinw  iiiijii  tliiiiy  i-iiitiiiii's.  Tin'  iiili  i- 
ilii'li'M  "I'  niiiMlii'>iii,  tin-  iii-liiiil  I'lii  111'  Sini;iins  as 
iiii|ii  rnrs  in  tin-  tliirir  iiili  I'l-iiiniy,  ani  tln-ir 
.■.iilisi'i|iiiiit  iisiir|i  iti'iii  lit'  |i  iwi-r,  all'  Imt  >ii|mi- 
|insiiiiin>  Mil  an  nMi-r  I'niin  nl  -mu'ly.  Kn-i-y  lily  lias 
its  nati'inal  u'nanl,  tn  whiili  1- nil  -lii-l  rniilril.iiii->  a 
ri'l'tain  iiiiinlii-|- nf  iiicii  In  a  i-iiiiiii|'\  wlnTi'  aliimst 
I'M'iy  ri'inn-  is  \  isiti'cl  hy  i-apilal  |iiinisliniriit,  it  is 
ili'ath  tn  insult  a  natiniiil  i.'nai-il  Tln-y  ha-  i-.  Ihhvi-mt, 
lint  niily  tin  ir  ni'linary  jmli.  n,  Inil  aUn  their  liiitsiiki', 
nr  s|i  I-     'I'll!'  |iiiini--  nl  S.il-uiiia,  uim  iiresorvc  a  kimi 


'  Till- li>iii«t"<  Ht'llii' ti'ititi't  .iri'  III;!-  in  ri'',;iiliir  "nliT,  ('irniiit;; 
wi.lr  •Insls,  « 'iiii' tidy  V  iiiU  liiiiil       All  I'sti'imivi'  I'mrl  yiinl, 

Willi  ini-t  mill  k'iril'iH,  tiniis  llii iiln-  nf  i-ii'-li  im-l  i'niin',  wliili' 

iiniiiinl  till'  iiii-l'i'iiiri'  i>  til,'  hci  IS.'  ut'  till'  riiii'l',  lis  iiKii  tli.isi'  nt'  lii> 
I'.illtuM'r^.  rrtaiiii-ri,  iloiin-itic  <<  rv  iiitH,  ami  ••Lui'h 

■  Till'  iiiiiilary  I'lsp  Kiti  .ii  <i|  tli.'  .l,i|i,iiii-i'  his   i- tlv   riii'iM'.| 

a  fnsli  :i»al(i'iiiii.- Iik<   nnr.ivtn.      i'ln- I  iti':-t  niipriMiiii'iit  :nlii|ii<'t| 

W.IS  In  ll'.lrll  till'  y.ini.'  111.11  t  1  liili'    IM    l'!ll111|iiMI|  t'.l-iliilll  fit'   lllili 

tiii'v  |iin|i'™'».  mill  «liil»l  wi'  MiTi' ill  Niiu'iiviki,  a  jliiti'li  ii'iii 
i*ii)iiiii'».>  "iiisl  iil1ii-i-r  u;iii  \ni^\  ti'.irliiiiir  a  inniilN-r  nl'  .l.i|i.iiii'-i> 
^•■nlli-tiii-ii  111  riili'  III  II  riiliti;;  ii'lin"!  ni'.i^lrtirii'il  liir  tin'  ihiiihim-. 
Will  II  ll'i'V    »\rri'  iHTli'i'l,   tiny  MMiiliI   lie   « iii    iiil  i  pr  i\  iiiri's   t.i 

iii.tiint  linii iiitr\ini'ii  ^   It  .iilli.iii,;ii    tlinri' urn  nlinnilan I' 

linrni'-  III  .lapin.  ami  ratuiT  l'"".!  mn-s  i."i,  srill,  xvlnil  «itli  slni» 
/li"i"i  I'T  tlirr  liLil's,  anil  «tirni|  .  iini/liiiii:  l't>\  imiiinli  aiiinri', 
mill  lai'k.  rinl -iiiMli-.,  it    iiiikI  Im'  arl>mn\ li'ii;;,i(   iliat  t In  ir  I'.ii aln 

|.  K  yit  !  ir  Ir fni  nml  ,lil.'.      In  n.lnitn  im.vinniiK.  I  Mas  tnM 

tliat  tlii\  lull  IT  wiiiii'  liini'  nii  iV'il  iin-trintiMns  mnl  tlial,  as  ii 
iiiililia,  tlii'irt'in.  H.K  vitv  ri'..|p«'i'talili' ;  imliiil.  a  Kii^siiin  nlliivr 
i\li  1  wan  i.ta\.iiL'  at  N,ii;ii-,:il>i.  ami  «li.i  liail  ni'iti  linn  li  nt'  .l:i|imi, 
»|M.Li'  111  till'  |n'i|.ii  mil  iar>  niL'ani'sili'iii   "I   Ilir  I'lniiir.'  in  nmiii 

''■™n.      I'l lii>  il.  Mri|.ti,.|i.    llii- I  iitiri'    |i'.|iiilatiiiii    I'nn I   .m,' 

.■■'lii|.liti' arm;  ,  111'  v»|,„l,    iv,.|y    Inn  n,  \  illat'i'.  ami   liailiirt    imu'lit 

lif     Haul     I-'  In'    riitiifian  I'S    nr    ni^i-tlnn^.         'I'in-     p..\\iT,     ImWrViT,    "t 

iliiivliin;  ihi'.r  iniiT.  ii|>iii  any  imiiil  i-itliir  Inr  nllii r  ill  liiii'i'. 

i..  vintly  iiirliiil  li\  till-   imli'|K  nili'iil  ti  i nt'tlii'   tlins'   Inimlnil 

iiml  »ixt\  |iriiii'i«,  Kiicli  m  llifi'  i«  ilic  i  Imt'aull.nritv  in  liii-invii 
>tati'.  mill,  likn  till'  liiiriiiiii  ntilii  i-laim.  I  |iiinir  nl'  lil'i'  ami  ilialli 
iivir  Inn  .iilijtHl",  llimijli.  at  tin'  siinn'  tni.c,  ackiinwli  iLan^-  as 
.  tliiir  ti'Miiiirii  mill  rlmf  tlir  laiAiNin,  ami  tin'  '  '     • 


V.  ill  111 


il 


nf  iinlt'|K'nili'noi'  owiii^j  tn  tlw'ir  r<'|iiit('<I  ilcsn-iit  fnmi 
.lyryas,  iiri'  said  tn  kill  every  .s]iy  that  is  tiniiid  mi  their 
ti'iritnry.  So  iierteet,  however,  is  the  jmliee  sy-teiii  in 
■lajiaii.  that  it  is  siid  tin  eriiniiial  i'.M'a|M  .s  ;  imleed.  it 
wniild  a|i|a'ar  that  tiny  do  imt  attempt  In  esiape. 

That  the  •lapaiii'-e  ate  the  innst  iiilelh^eiit  and  rill- 
tiv.itrd  nf  all  the  Asiatie  li.ilinlis  i>  (.'rmrally  ailliiilted. 
.Maiiv  nf  the  nllii'ials  and  nieiehalils  ran  speak  KiiL'lish 
and  I  •iitili.  Tiny  read  Kiimpeaii  |i;ipi  i->  and  perimlii  als 
line  nf  l.lie  llnliles  ipn  si  inlii'd  ( 'nllimndiil  e  I'll  I'V,  In  his 
;,'l'eat  MirpI  isc,  aliiiiil  I'a  icsili  s  ealnlie  sliiji  The\  have 
their  iiw  11  system  nf  aslrnmitny  and  ilirntininnv.'ns  also 
their  almaiiieks.  Tiny  appear  indeed  In  lia\e  asto- 
rii>lii  d  siinie  nf  the  niemlnis  of  I  nril  Klyin  s  missinii 
imt  ;i  liith'  "It  is  iiiriniis,'  writes  one  nf  these 
^.'elitlemell,  "  th;lt  W  llile  some  of  their  ell-tnllis  lire 
uhit  We  wiiiild  deem  rather  liarliarons.  and  while  llnv 
are  iytinr.'iiit  of  many  eninmnii  things-  wliile  lliev  still 
rip  tlieinseives  up,  and  s' oe  tlnir  Iniises  with  straw 
lieeanse  ii,'iiiii'ant  of  nny  ntlnr  iiiilhnd — tliey  lia\e 
jumped  tn  a  klinwlediie  nf  eeilaili  Inam  lies  nf  seii  nee 
wliii'h  it  has  taken  natiniis  in  Kiirnpe  hiindieds  nf  m  ars 
tn  attain.  At  .Vai,'as;iki  liny  eaii  turn  nut  of  their 
yaid  an  iiiuitu.'  fur  a  railway  m  steamer  .la|iain'se 
■  aptains  and  eiinimers  roiiimand  their  men  nf  war.  of 
whii  h  three  are  steamers;  they  niiili  rst..|iil  l  he  eh  ili  ie 
leleni.iph;  they  make  tliel  ninnii  tits  .iliil  lainliieteiSi, 
llu'ndnliii's.  and,  I  lielieM',  aneroids.  Their  spv  tiliisses 
ali'l  miernM'npes  ,'iri'  noi'd  .'iliil  \ery  cheap  TI  ev  have 
a  liii.'i'  udass  in.inufai'toiy,  wliieh  liirn.s  out  ulass  little 
inreli.il    tn   nlll    .n\||  I'lll'V   lia\<'  11  sllnl  t    lilll' of  la  il «  a  V 

siiiin  \\  inre  in  the  interior,  ^i\eii  l.y  the  Aiinrieans." 

Soil     will     111'     in     le^jil'i'l    to  llel'eli~i\e    lllld    nll'ensi\e 
nil  III-.       Ililheri.i.     in  piirsuaiu-e   nl   tin-   s\steni   of  m 

elllsinli.    it    ha.-   lireli    I',  .fliiildetl    In   enlist  llli'l     lar;;e    ship-. 

Ml  that  the  nati\e,  .-Inuld  Hot  leaM'  ilnir  leasts  ;  Imt 
under  a  new  .-y.-ti m.  a  inw  order  nl  ihiiifr.-i  will  iiii- 
dnulilnlly  iiri-e.  .Si)  with  their  lininliid-  nl  llnnis'iiids 
nf  arined  men  .  as  >et  mily  in  the  inililaix  peileet  imi 
of  the  sixti  I'liih  leiiliiry.  tiny  eoiild  not  stand  lufnie 
in  .idi'ipiate  I'lnropian  fmee;  liiit  if  nine  llieii  i  nunlry. 
or  their  laws,  nr  iilii;inn,  were  utlarked.  lliev  Wiuld 
-null  leirn  t  1  pi  I  re  their  liiililiiry  -y.-liin  iipnti  a  par 
with  ill  it   nfllin-e   win)  wniild  \  eiitnre  to  out  nine  t  heir 

natiniialiiy.       jlie  moral    -npei  im  ity  w  niild  I ii  their 

side  riiey  arc  l.i.ne  iMii  In  ei  liteliipt  of  lit",  iiin-t 
•en-itJM'  nil  ihe  pollil,  lif  liiiiinlir,  .'Itiil  eillel  and  \iii 
diilive  in  their  enmity.  Il  would  he  a  ni  n  \  "ii- ei  mi . 
then,  in  a  pnliiieal  pnint,  ot  view— imt  In  meiitinii  the 
inimoraliiy  of  Mich  a  i  oiir-e— lor  iiiiv  nation,  hi'  tiny 
l!ii  — iaii  Kn'.;li^ll.  j-'reinh,  m-  Almlie.Hi  (and  the  latter 
hive  1  nil  ri. lined  the  111. linn  of  a  fmeilile  oeeiipalii  n  of 
n'li  nf  the  ■Fap.iiie-e  island  I  to  nttelnpt  to  i  neree  .so 
lilue.  -.1  iiitilli:;inl.  .iinl  -o  patriolie  a  people. 

"rin'  nailirs  i.f  till,  liinntll-  ImiM'.   '..ki'   IIiiim'  nt   tile   ll'l'lil'll  ri'Vil- 

tiitiiiiiary   r.ili'tnlar,  a  piirtiriilai  ami   iiiter.'-lii  ^  Iin-hI  -iL'niliiii.it'e 

Iliiii,  till'  tirsl  itli  i«iiill.il  Mil'  rnin.ll\  ii tli.  Liinvr  tint  • 

till'  ni-w  Ni'iir.  Till'  Ms-'inl  is  the  iiiniilli  nl'  i-lianp'.  wint.r 
rl'i'liinir  iM'iii;.'  llii'ii  I'M'limiu'i'il  fur  siimiin'r  crania  ills.  'I  liu  tliuil 
III  I  hi'  i.ml.liii'.'  iiMiiitli  '  tin'  I'tirlli.  till'  tl.iu.  riiiu'  ii.'  'tli  ;  tin'  titlli 
till'  tr.in-i'lai.inij  in. mill  liii  alln«i..ii  In  riei'i ;  tin.  •ivlli  ii.  ilie  il  u- 

IIIIM   til  :    till'  -I'Mlltl.    till'    ninlllll  nl'  ll'MlT-  ;    llir   i  iifliljl    !.•      '     '  IH'illtll 

lit'  I'.illiliL'  leavi's  ,  till'  niiilli  ^-  till,    loll;:   ini.lilli.   nl    *''      I.     'itli  lit 

Inllir    lllu'lil   1     tl.l'   tl'lltll     i-     the     u'..i|li'-U     ninlllll;     tl,|.     illMlilll     till' 

ninlllll   nt   I'l'iinln;   anil   tl...  Uii'il'tli    tin'  liiial  nr  let  i' i.  ,il    innlillu 

Till'  tl'lltll   '111111111    in  WI    I'alliil   iHi'aii-' isiriliii;j  In   minii',   llir 

Hihl«  wail  ii|hin  till'  Mikailn  llial  iiinnili  ;  an  nnliiikr  •"  "tier-,   all 


lent   ;   tlii'ili 
111/. 


Miiitii'M   ii'a\i 


III 


in  till'  iiiirih  nf  .lapti 


ir  ii'-pi-tive  teiii|iliH  nil  ii   iiil^iiiiia.^ 


.-*x;  -"^-^S' 


I 


111',  AU.slKlAN   1  Kli.All^  ' 


.\K\AUA,"  111':     III!'.  ISl.ANli  111    -^r.   I'AUL. 


h 


i    j 


i    i 


rj 


I M 


!  I 


THE   ISLANDS   OF  THE   INDIAN    AND   EASTKRN    SKAS. 


219 


Till-  trc'itv  si;;ii<'il  al   Vc'i|.|.«  mi  lli.'  l''iili  '<l   Aii-ii-l,  l"*'!''.      In  :ill  i1m'>.'  |)1,i.-.-<  I'lniiOi  .iiiliji'i'lH  nmy  ii  si.li-, 

)S."iS.  Nii|iiii.ilril,   nil i;  oilier  tliiiiu'^.  llf   ri'iijiniriil  m  ly  Ir.isr  yiMimil,  iiml    |.iiirli.i.so  iiipI  in-.t    Imililiims, 

rijjlit' "f  ii|i|i  iliitiiii,'  cii|i|(iiii:iiii'   !ii,'>Mil-i  at    Y. -,1.111  aii>l  ami  aii-  Hot  t<'  !"•  i-oiiliiicd  wiiliiii  walln  aii'l  ;.'iIim,  liiit 

Loiiiloii  ;  tlial  ill.'  |ini(,  of  ll.iUo'l.iki  (|ir.\ioii>ly   uilli     aiv  to  l.i.  allowf.l  \\ iii)»ivHH    ami   rgr,-<s       Their  .-x- 

Simi"liio|Hii.Ml  l.\  t',,riiiiin.lor,-  l'iTi_\  lollii' AiiiriKaii-l,  .•iii-<i.iiis    an-    to    lie    liiiiiti"!    witliiii    ten    ri,    oy   some 

K  iiia^awa,  ami  Na'^asiki,   In;   o|ieii"e.|   |o    jiiiiMi    -ill.-  t  weiiiy  liv  •■  mil'-  Kiu'li>li        At'lrr   .laiiiiaiy    Ul,  1  >^lil', 

jeets  tVolii  .  Illy    l«t,    l-^V.l;    N u'lli'.     '"■    il'  lli'il     i«  liiitisli     siil.j.'.n     in  ly     le-hle    at     Ye.l.li.  ;    jiml     Iroiii 

"iinsiiitiiMr  a.  a  liarLoiir,  soli ilier  [..nt   on   llie   west  .laniiary  1st.,    l.'Sii.'J,   iit  Ukasak.i  (,<).>ac.i),   tor   jinr|iosen 

eoast   of   Nip  |»in,   a.s    also    Kioj;o,     on    Jaiin.iry    1st,  of  Ira.le  only. 


TIIK    IS|,\XI)S    or    Till',    INKIAN    .^Nl»    KASTI'.KN    SF.AS. 


I.— AN    AI'.^rUIAN    VitV.\<;K    IIOIM)    TIIK 
Wdlll.h. 


the  .Vtirnrn  i-  one  of  tin-  liiie.st  of  llio  ten  slii|»  of  the 
Kline  el.iss  lli.it  Austria  p'lsses'.es.  She  is  rale'l  for 
forty-four  :,'Uiis,  Imt  only  .-urii'il  thirty  two  iliiriiii,'  Inr 
journey  roiltel  the  »  ul  I  ;  thus  leuiii^;  a  orealei  s|i.iee 
for  the  iiei'e^..-..iiie.i  ol  a  loie^  voy.ij^e,  ainl  lor  the  eollee 
lioiis  that  mi-Ill   l>e  niaile. 

Till'    eX|ieclil  loll,     l|o\\..\er,     or^'ini/.eil      liy      .\l.  Inlllk'' 

Maxiniili.in,  liraml  Ailiiiiiil  of  the  Au-iii.iii  iiiv\, 
hel  mainly  in  xntv  the  olijeet  of  faiiiili.ii  i-iii:;  \  uni^ 
lia\al  otlieers  vvilli  the  M.i\  ii;.il  i'Hi  ol'  clill'ieiil  -ea-., 
of  makiiii;  the  Aii-iri  III  ll.i^  kiaiwii  iii  eoiintries  hitherto 
uiiaei|ii.'iinteil  with  it,  aii.l  of  ^'iviie,;  to  the  |irofi's>oi.s 
of  si'ieiiee  aiil  natural  hi>lory  the  iiie  iii.s  of  ae.|iiiriii;; 
im  re  extemi.'  1  alul  varieil  kllowlei|;{e. 

The  eomluet  ol  the  expeilition  w.w  eiit  ri|..ti'.|  to 
I 'a|itaiii  \Vallei>lorf  Irlair.  who  lias  the  re|iulali..ii  of 
lieiii^  a  leariiisl  ami  '<kilt'iil  seaman.  lie  jiiesideil  o\er 
llie  rese  irelies  of  the  selelititie  i'oliiiiiis>ioii,  ami  the 
aslroliiiiiiie.il,  liiele  irolo',;i.  il,  liii.'iKlie  ami  ^eo<le-ii' 
l.il">urs  of  the  naval  olli.eis.  The  lii',;ate  it.-ejf  W;u> 
iiliiler  the  eoiiiiiiaml  of  l'.i|ilaiii  I'liioii  ile  l'i>ek,  who 
hail  iimier  his  onlers  a  st.ilf  ol'  thirty  ollieers,  ineluilini; 
threo  isur;;eoiis  ami  a  eliaplaiii  ;  the  erew  iiuinU'reil 
<'l|ll  liii'li.  Anions  the  me:i|l.ers  of  the  seii'iilill.: 
eoiiiiiiis>iiai  were  a  i,'eolii:;i.l,  two  /.o. ilo,;i^ts,  a  lioiaiiist, 
:i  |ire|iarer,  an  etliiiolo|{ist,  an  eeoiioriiisi,  auil  a 
'iriiiiKlit'<niaii. 

The  wh..|.'  time  the  ex|M'liti'in  wii.s  out  w.ih  two 
\ears  three  months  ami  iNsenty  ei;;ht  ilays.  Of  this 
lime,  '2'.tS  (lavH  were  em|il.>\ei|  in  lami  e\|il"ril ions,  ami 
•  '•"il  ilavi*  wen-  |ia>Mil  uteh-r  -.ail.  The  lri;{ale  eaim- 
lo  aiiehor  in    Ivveiily  li\e  ilillennt    harliours,    atul    Ira 


\ir-ie.l  ill  its  whole  Journey  .')l,ij.><li  ;,'eoora|  uie  milos  of 
.sixty  to  a  ile;;ree. 

The  lirst  visits  iiiaile  wen'  to  Itio  .laieir.i  ami  to  the 
(.'l|ie  of  (iooil  llo|>e,  ami  oil  the  llHh  of  Ndvelnlier, 
l."*.'!?,  tliev  arriveil  at  the  voleanie  l>laml  of  St.  I'aul, 
wliieli,  with  its  iiei<,;lil>  nil,  A  iiist  en  la  III.  St  a  III  I  out  almost 
is  lialiil,  nii'lwiy  liclweeii  the  lieliaii  ainl  Soiillieiii 
O.'cins,  all'l  t'le  exploralioii  of  lioth  of  whieh  hel  lieeu 
•^liMii^ly  ne  iiiiinendecl  hy  the  Mteraii  I  >e  llumloldi. 
(.^'■'«  |i.i,:e  217.; 

'•We  hi'l  M'lnely  am  lioii- I,"  M.  ,Sehi  r/.i  r  rel.ites  in 
his  re|iort  mil  to  the  (ii' i^ra|)llie,il  Soeiety  of  I  aris, 
"a'  a  loiit  a  mile  uinl  a  liilf  from  the  >liore.  than  the 
wh.ile  |i  >|>illatioli  of  the  i.<l.ii,il  (oiii|>o.sei)  of  two 
i|.  ,'!' M'^  nel  ail  oM  Kreinhin  ill  with  a  loiiif  liearil.  eaiiiii 
mil  ti  »..|  .nil  ■  us.  The  Ki'enehliiaii,  M.  N'iot,  iiiailo 
an  o  1'  r  of  his  serviees  with  e\i|iiisii,  |Militeiiess.  anil 
|il.ie  I  the  whole  of  the  Islaiiil  at  our  ili-'|iosal.  He 
ielai.-.I  I  I  us  how,  in  virliie  of  tie'  riv;hls  of  a  |iiimaiv 

oeeu|i  II  i  III.  the    i-liiel    li.nl   liieii    in  the  tir>t    |ih the 

|M-.i|i"rl  »•    of  a    l''le  1 -h    iner.liaiil .    fr.m    llu'    Ul.iiel    of 

I'l.i  irli  III.  or  i|.'  la   It  -imi .M  .  ( 'iiiiii,  who    h.el  enleil 

it  ti  a  I'ole,  .M  .  .V'luill,  his  |i.irl  lier  or  rolje.'i^^ue.  The 
liller  ha  I  |iiirelii.  I  s  niie  unfoiiiinali'  nei^roes  of  the 
loo  infiiiioiis  eoisl  of  .Mo/.iiiiliii|iie,  hail  ojilie.il  them 
to  I'oil-truet  II  liiit  itioiis  lor  tlieiii  all'l  f.ir  them^eUeh,  to 
liloiV  U{i  whole  III  i^-es  of  r.iek,  ill  ofiler  to  >{iM' a  i.'''''i<'<'l' 
security  I'l  the  l.imliii:;,  alel  lo  eiijlivat.-  ,i  t'fW  roods  iif 
|iot:il.M'>  i.iid  ealilia^  s  Aliiilt  ten  yiai-  a:;.',  the  |kis- 
>l■^^i.lll  of  the  isjiii'l  w.is  III, I'll-  i)\er  to  one  .M  IMoviiii, 
eiii|>l.iyi'il  ill  the  ('oniinissariatof  llie  Islede  hi  Iteuiiioii. 
Tttiie  a  year  this  new  sovereinn  of  the  island  des 
|iiteli.'s  a  sloop  of  ali'iiit  forty  tons,  to  li-li  in  the 
|ii-o  III. 'live  w. iters  of  St  I'aul  the  eluilodaityliis, 
ei  roiii.oii-.ly  desiijiiati'il  as  the  sea  I'oil  ;  at  till)  eeiitinies 
(fni'  peiii''')  per  ti-li,  eaeh  of  these  expe.lii  ions  f.'i\es 
liini  a  return  of  L'.'i.iMlli  fr.mes  The  three  inhaliilaiits 
of  the   i~l md  w.iteh    over    these   lislieries.  take  eare  of 

till'  stiu'ehoiise,  and  rear  ii  f''sv  i .Is  of  potatoes,  wliieh 

they   exehaiiiji'   with     the    whalers    for     riei',    lo'-uuco, 
liisi'iiits.  and  silt  meal 

The  l-Liml  of  .St.  I'.iiil  i.s,  ill  reality,  the  siiiiiinit  of  a 
erater,  whieh  rises  from  tin'  depth-  of  the  oci'im  to 
souii' L'lM)  y.irdt  iiIhiVi'  tile  jewl  of  till'  waters.  It  ia 
only  appt'o.ielialile  on  the  wiiilh  wes;  siile,  where  llio 
walls  of  the  erit.r  heiiii;  lirokeii  down,  a  ma.,'iiiliieiit 
inal  shipid  opeiiiii({  pre-eiits  itj«'lf,  upwards  uf  a  hiin- 


i 


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III 

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220 


ALL   ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


"Ii-cil  yiiriln  in  wiilth,  and  on  hoth  Biilrs  ol  uliiili  aii' 
ten  lung  liar.i,  lliul  itUaili  iIii'iiim'Ivcs  to  lli<-  lliinks  nl 
tliu  niDiinliiin,  Tin-  intfi'iiiil  hJiIch  of  tli<-  cniti.T  arc 
(^IiiIIumI  witli  vunliiro,  ami  preiM-nt  it  nivisliin){  H|R'ctii(;li- 
to  till-'  cyi\ 

Thu  iiiik^nutk-,  iixti'onoininil,  anil  nitttfiirnlojjical  oh- 
HiTvutioiis  wi'i'i'  iiiHtiillfil  at  tills  iiiti'i'i'stiii^  stittioii, 
anil  tliosi'  ss'lio  wi'fi'  not.  aililiiMi'il  to  llin  |iiiisnit  ol' 
lii:kt)ii-liiatiral  Hriiliri'S,  oi'cii|iji'(|  tlii'iilsi'Ui'H  witli  liiilir 
lillo^iiill,  liotaiiii'.il,  liliil  /ooloffiral  rrsrai'i'lirs  iSoiiii' 
zralollH  |iliilMiillirii|iis|s  sowed  scimIh  Imniijlit  tVoiii 
Kiiro|ii),  ill  tliii  liiijirH  ol  M'i'ili;;  tlii'in  ^rnniiiatr  iliiriii;; 
till!  stay  of  till'  t'X|ii'ilitioii.  Itut  htroii^>  ^,tli.'s  of  »iiiil 
and  |M'l sisti'iit  I'.iiii  caiiio  on,  and  coolnl  tin-  iirdoiir  of 
all  jiarlli's  rxtiriiirly.  I.iii'kily  that  tlii'V  fniiiul  in  tlii' 
liilt  of  the  only  I'ivilisi'd  ri'>idi'iit  in  llu'  i-laiid,  ii 
lollcction  of  ImoIv,,  inadi',  wi'  an'  lojil,  wilji  lonsidi'ialiln 
Vu-U'.  A  niliiilii'r  of  |ii'i  quills  also  r.inn^  to  jiay  tliriii 
a  vinit.  Stiiiiililiii^'  along  like  invalids,  with  tliiir  li-gs 
of  Wood,  iliry  intnuli'd  iiit  i  llii'  hiiis,  lii'iivy,  awkwanl, 
andstn|iid.  tliry  shook  tlirir  small,  nndi'Vi'|o|i('d  wii.gs, 
and  o|H'iii'd  ilii'ir  ryi's  and  hills  as  t'ai'  lis  it  was  in  thrir 
|H)WL'r,    to    exprrss    tiii'il'    sni|iiisi)    ut    niri'liii;;    with 

stniiii^i'i's  in  siii'li  a  iil.iri'.      Those   | i-   |Hilnii|ii'ils  live 

hy  iiiyriails  iipon  ihi'  island  of  St  I'aiil.  'I'liey  have 
esUlhlislii'd  till-  iheinselves  there  all  iliiliii'lise  eity,  to 
wliieli  ill  the  eieiiiie,',  mi  ri'liii  iiiiii{  from  lishinj;,  they 
ii.si;enil  in  |o  i,'  liles  hy  a  zij^  za;^  |ialliw.iy,  Tim  noise 
they  link''  in  the  ih'jiih  of  iii;;ht  is  ileafeniiig.  ' 

Two  theniial  s|iiin;;s  were  foiiiid  issninj;  from  the 
sides  of  the  crater  nearly  at  the  level  of  tlie>ei.  Their 
tem|ieialiiii'  was  IHI  eeiilrigrade.  .S,iine  of  the  party 
aiiiiised  themsi'lves  with  hoiliii;;  tisli  in  these  toiintaiiis, 

Htill   attiehed   to   tlii'    honk    hy    wliieli    they    had    I n 

caught  only   a   few  y  irds  oil;     St    I'nnl,    the    reporter 
says,   nii^ht    he   inadi-  an  exeellent   station    foi    ships 
which,  on  their  w.iy  loaiidfroni  the  I 'ape,  ('liiiiii,  India, 
or   Viistralia,  might  he  in  want  of  repairs.      It  is  now  | 
a  d()|X'ndenc f  llie  I-li'of  Kralu'e. 

I  hi  thi'  lilll  of  De.enilier.  |S"i7,  the  .Viii'lint  sailed 
from  Ht.  Paul,  leaving  a  present  of  a  hox  of  tools  to 
M.  Viol  On  the  7lli  it  was  with  dillieiilly  that  the 
Inn^  limit  etleetecj  a  landing  on  the  Islaml  of  Ainster 
liani.  "  Wi'  saw."  says  the  reporter,  willi  amiisiii',' 
siniplieii  V.  '•  .some  turf,  some  reeds,  and  some  arlio 
resei'lit  pi. lilts,  lint  the  winil  oliliged  us  to  ipiit  the 
plaee  hy  midnight,  and  to  make  the  hest  of  our  wav 
to  t-'eylou." 

II.— CEYLON, 

TilK  Ailstnan  ex|M'dilioiii.st>'  desi-rihed  tlieinielves  lus 
easting  anchor  at  I'oiiit  de  <  iaile,  to  wliiih  so  nneii-  i 
vialile  a  notoriety  lian  l.ilely  altaehed  il.self  from  the 
losH  of  the  Mulitlitir  ;  and  they  speak  of  it  as  "a  |Hiint 
of  little  iiiiportaiii-e.  consisiingof  a  pettali  or  vill.ige  of 
dark  aiNirigines,  a  fort,  aii<l  an  Kur.ipean  ipi^rler,  the 
white  houses  in  which,  theole.in  streets,  and  the  shady 
avenues,  present  an  inrreealile  as| I." 

Ituddliisin,  which  we  are  tohl  seems  to  recoil  liefore 
.Miihamniiidanism  m  ilie  far  east,  is  still  in  I'nll  pros- 
pi-rily  ill  1  evlon.  'I'liis  i  land  i.s,  .10  to  say,  the  Itome 
..f  the  w.inliip,.  i-s  of  SalvVa  .Mnni.  The  temples  and 
.■lia|NtU  de\..iei|  to  that  ilivinitv  are,  iw  a  iialiiial  coii- 
w.pnini»>',  to  \>n  •■^milled  hy  thoiis.iinls.  The  .Singlni- 
les.-  |MRt^sUi  .■uifoy  coiisHJeraMi'  political  and  religious 
aiiilioniy.  TWy  persist  i  1  i;,'noiiiig  everv  woiil  of 
Kie,'lisli  origin  :  it  is  iheir  nc  llioil  of  protesting  against 
the  coiinnt'riug  heretics  of  the  lioly  l.sland.      Jn  other 


'  res|«'cts  llicy  are  very  polite  lo  Kiimpeans,   and  a|i|M'ar 
to  Ih'  solely  iH'i  iipied  with  their  religinns  duties. 

Scarcely  had  the  learned  travellers  disemliarked, 
j  than  they  directed  their  steps  to  the  great  temple  of 
Dadella  I'liii/.ela,  where  resides  the  (ircat  Iricst  of 
I  Ceylon,  Nnrronnded  hy  his  hamadiinrs  They  had  thu 
honour  of  heing  presented  to  the  Singhalese  I'ontiir. 
lie  i.s  dcsci'ihed  IIS  iheii  all  old  llliill,  .some  se\  cut  V  Veal's 
of  ii'.'c,  and  as  ri'joii'.ng  in  the  ii.inie  of  Nanalangara 
Sirisuniaiia  .Mah.idama  liadgiiiiong  (laiiatchari  Nai- 
kiiiiangl.  lie  informed  the  .Viistiians  thai  he  liiid  long 
residecl  in  the  coillilry  of  Siaiii,  iiiid  that  the  cmpeior 
of  that  country  had  only  recently  sent  him  a  parasol 
of  honour.  He  then  eondcsi  ended  to  iii(|iiii'i'  their 
nanus,  their  conntiy,  and  the  ohjeci  of  their  journey  ; 
the  replies  to  wliiili  he  had  duly  leporled  hy  a  secretary 
will)  wrote  with  a  goose  ipiill  on  paper,  piohalily  re- 
s;  rveil  (or  profine  |iurposes,  for  in  aiioiher  part  of  tlio 
temple  they  oliscrved  a  student  Iraiiscrihiiig  noIi:o  of 
the  Niicred  writings  upon  a  leaf  of  taliput. 

The  next  pxcnrsioii  niade  was  from  <  lalle  to  C'olouilio. 
The  expeditionists  had  no  reason  to  complain  of  the 
liist  portion  of  their  journey  to  llenlotte.  the  so  called 
caraviins»'iiii,  and  whii  h  place  is  deycrihcd  as  reseiiihliiig 
the  stations  on  "our  railways,"  and  iis  having  hi  en 
coiislrnclcd  at  the  ex|s'nse  of  government.  l''.\  cry 
accommodation,  and  excellent  food,  were  to  l>c  olitained 
at  prices  marked  on  a  tarill'.  Itut  matters  diil  not  pro- 
(I'l'il  .so  cheerily  iiflcrward.s.  'J'hedrner  gi  I  .so  drunk 
at  Heiilotte,  as  to  he  no  longer  capahle  of  preserving 
his  eipiilihriiini.  A  policeman  was  in  cordiiiL;ly  applied 
to  t'l  supply  a  new  om',  hut  lie  either  .i.iild  iiol  or 
would  not  accede  to  their  ileiiiiiinls;  ihey  were  ohliged, 
therefore,  to  jait  up  \sith  their  liiily  .\iigliciin  con- 
M'Vor,  who  siHin  fell  under  the  wheels,  hill,  luckily, 
without  receiving  any  siiions  injuries.  Thu  lior.mi 
took  iidvantage  of  the  inishiip  to  refuse  to  go  any 
further.  It  is  the  ciistoiii,  we  aic  tohl,  in  that  spirit 
of  generalisation  which  is  (on  olten  iillielcd  hy  tra- 
\el|eis,  when  they  hase  anyone  e.-i-e  iipi.n  which  to 
giiiuii  I  their  com  Insioiis,  to  alt.ich  to  the  carriages  of 
Ir.ivellers,    whatever    may    he    their    wci'jht,   a    single, 

meagre,  thin,  pit is  looking  lioise  ;    Inrtlier,  liny  only 

change  every  ten  or  lil'iceii  kilometres  (.seven  to  tin 
liiilcs),  so,  to  niake  the  iiiiimid  liio\e.  thcv  are  ohligeij 
to  have  rccouisc  to  an  1  xeeiitioiur  s  expedients.  His 
ens    are    t«islid    with    coiils,    and    a    stick     is    pushed 

under  his  tail,  ami  as  soon  as  the  | rhrast,  exasperalcd, 

hreaks  into  a  trot,  the  dii\ers  hegin  to  swear,  .scieani, 
ami  whip,  to  keep  up  the  excitement.  It  re.illy  iliil 
not  ri'ipiiie  (o  go  to  (,'e\lon  to  see  this  ;  hut,  in  a  land 
so  ilevoledly  given  np  to  the  helief  of  tiansmigrai  Ion, 
he((er  things  niii:lit  h.ue  heen  ex|Hil,..l. 

It  was  not  widioiit  trouhle  that  iiiir  (ra\elleis 
reached  a  IJoinaii  Catholic  mission,  where  they 
ohlalned  a  new  lioi-se  and  a  new  coai  liniaii,  who  iIiomi 
them  to  a  M'coinl  mission.  Kallier  .Miliaiii  in.slsted 
upon  their  acceptance  of  n  cup  of  colli  i',  and  pioini.scd 
them  a  hreakl'ast  on  their  reliirn  from  Colomlio.  It 
was  dark  ere  the  J  mrmy  was  ii'siinied,  and  happily 
the  road  was  lit  lip  hcie  and  tie  re  hy  (he  nallM's  vt  ho 

«cndcd   their   way   hi'iiie    w  il  h  torches   of  p.ilm    w |, 

which  threw  out  vivid  hpaiks  and  spread  a  delight fiil 
fra;.'ranee  aroiiiel.  It  was  midnight  when  they 
reached  ('ololnho. 

Colomlio,  like  all  other  liidinn  cities,  is  composed 
of  two  ipmrleis.  The  white  town,  with  its  (iirls, 
where  the   V'mv  jm-.i.i   pojnilalion,   wlinli  al.so   has   the 


I; 


iliitii'.s. 

ilisi'iiili.'U'kril, 
'III  ti'iii|ili>  (if 
•Mt  liifst  of 
riii'V  liMil  till) 
lllrsc  I'mitid'. 
si-\crityynii'M 
Niiimliiiinnni 
iitiliaii  Niii- 
I  III'  liiiil  loiii; 
till'    riii|iriiii' 

lilll   U   plllM.'-liI 

iii|iiii'i'  tlii'ii' 
lir  jniiriit'v  ; 
i_v  ii  .-rnctiii-y 
|ii(ilialily  11' 
jilll't  III'  tliu 
ling  Koii:e  of 

tl<  ('itllllllllO. 

jiliiiii  of  till' 
III'  .si>  riillcil 
>  ri'M'iiiMiiiir 
liiiviiii,'  III  en 
lit.        Kwiy 

I  ln'olitailiL'il 

I I  ill  nut  pro- 
t   so  ilnihk 

I'  |iri'S('i'viri;; 
lyly  a]i|ili('il 
'iild    nut    III' 

I  rr  i>lilij,'c(|, 
i.ulicaii    run 
nil,    liirkily, 

'I'lu'      llOl'Sl' 

til  jjo  any 
tliat    Kjiiiit 

III  liy    tiM 

II  wliii'li  til 
i'arii.ij,'is  III' 
t,  II  >iiij;li', 
,  llii'y  only 

'Vl'll  to  till 
III'  olilij;ii| 
<nlN.      Mis 

is  ]ill,sllril 
^as|i<'rali'il, 
iir,  Mii'ani, 

J'.'ally  liiij 
,  ill  a  laiiil 
iliiiyiaiion, 

travi'ileis 
lull'  they 
who  iliovii 
li  iii.slsii'ij 

I   |lluniisr(| 

inilio.  It 
il  liajijiily 
livi's  wlio 

III!     WlMllj, 

il.li;,'liiriil 
H'li      tliry 


ri>ni|iiiMril 

il.s    liii'ls, 

lias    till- 


T 


m 


I  '    I 


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11     I  Itl'l'    .11,     1       ,.         1    '!      ' 


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h'lUf.-'   Il  II 


n,.   ...  1  ...    1. 


yi  .,       I..1  11.'  t  .  'ii< 


.»(    1     ;  .11-  r.|     !y    lini. 

I  !>•"    I  liii;    III    lih-l'iiM 

.|»'n   ..  ■"!     iji-i'i"  «.H 


,\  III..    •(      -111.     u   iiifi  ■ 


I    ;.,   I..    Hxr    .l-I..  !.r    ..I'   Il 


.IM       l-rl        l- 


l!  .     I.    ll.|.   /I 

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Il  1    .r  •■  .iiiin!-.    -I'"" 


,H.  !.(i  Willi  h 


.If       .11    Vt,:.'      jV 


.t.vl     liru't!:  it 


ik       , 


Msn',     "I  111.    ,n. 


..(    ' 


ill.  11   Iij,'        Il    '        '"         1-' 

U...      1..        r,,:,,. 

-11.       .\i 


'I         .«ll  , 


ill-      I     i.il.     I       •  I,   I- 


.!:.i     I  111-     1    1 


U   i"l    ICi'ii'i- 


1.   .Ii..,,...r   ...    r-il 

ill    Ul'i'l'i'  1>'.«      '    '  ■    II  . 
1  i;iM.    ,>i  nil    I'.l 


1,1.,      Vl.r), 


.|..     iH  ■       .11'...  '    • 

,1     I      .it   n .  .Ill      1   .,H        i|i|H  ii 


("  si  ■  1 

it .       1 1 


.  I   .         f    M,r    |ii  .111     'I    ' 
U'lt    111.'    Iilii.-ii 
•    ..1.    Il-.inl     ), ^1111,11. 11 


li     II.         I. 


11    1.1      l    -M 


..1.    !,l     111-'"  1    ■ 


1   •!    <    <    iiill.. 


■   .  1|.      ,.|.S    ■■..■■nil     ...    .  '  '  . 

.    .     1111,1  ■  l.lli.i  .  •>!  till'    ■        1, 
•■         1.''    ,lli     fc  mil.    II   . 

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;  t:i. 


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.      I..,     -    .1...     nil    l.r.    III.,.       ,  . 

,1       ..    ,   ....     •  .11     ,    I,  ,..  !,  I     . 

..1   I,        .Ml     .!..,  1  ,     .1.1      llllll  .' 

t.-:,    i..'.  .1,.      I'...'     .     . 

..il.  ,  ■  .- 1,1   .1,     'r,  1  ! 


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Sciences 

Corporation 


2-i  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

VC-LBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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THE   ISLANDS  OF   THE   INDIAN   AND   EASTKRN    SEAS 
[;ciitriitos  itself 


22l 


I'ight   to  koi'i)  open  slio|i  tlii^roiii,   (miiici 

iiiiil     tlic!    lil.iulc     town,    iiit)     wliio!i    tilt!    lMii,'lisli    go 

viTy    rarely,    but    wiiiuli     is    im tcst.il)ly    tiio    most 

activo  !iii(l  tlio  most  iiiilustrioiis  of  tliu  two. 

Colombo,  a  city  of  ;l  !,0()()  inhabitants,  cajiitiil  of 
Coylon,  iind  scat  of  tlio  [lolitical  government,  is  clmrgfil 
with  not  having  loft  agrccablr  ivniinisocncos.  Tin;  so- 
callcii  wliitu  town  is  Ucscribuil  as  being  very  gray  ami 
vei'v  dirty,  ami  as  being  in  a  manifest  stat(!  of  deelino, 
which  mav  bo  attril>uted  to  the  fact  that  its  liarboui' 
is  onlv  aceossiMe  during  the  north  west  moiis  ion. 
ireiici^  trailo  is  leaving  it,  wliilo  it  increases  at  Point 
do  dalle,  whose  jiort,  said  to  be  aocessililo  at  all  times, 
is  alri  ;uly  the  roiidozvous  of  se\'oral  lines  of  steamers. 
l)Ut,  ii|Min  thi.   |ioint,  o|>inioii  dill'ers  widely. 

One  agreoablo  surprise  presented  itselt  ;  it  was  a 
bo:ird    intimating     that    an     "ic<'   shop"    existed    in 

tjolombo.     The    ice     came    fi i    tho    United    States. 

J}h)cks  transmitted  across  the  Atlantic  and  the  Indian 
Ocean  are  much  ohoa[ier  in  t'l'vhm  than  such  as  are 
brought  from  the  mountains  of  India.  NliJi  America, 
and  es[iocially  Boston,  supplies  Iioinbay,  Maib-as,  and 
Calcutta  abundantly  with  this  delicious  refreshment, 
by  regular  convoy's  arriving  every  f)rtnight.  'i'he 
trade,  which  is  of  recent  origin,  ai>pcars  to  return 
good  profits. 

The  inspector  of  the  pearl  iishories  informed  tho 
expeditionists,  that  the  fourteen  Iishories  wliic-h  for- 
inerlv  brouirht  in  from   1,01)0,1)00  to   I,SO.),000   francs 


The  Austrian  consul,  Mr.  Wilson,  ron<lucted  the 
mendiers  of  the  ex|iediliou  to  what  were  justly  desig- 
nated  ''magnilicent  plantations"  of  ciiniannui  lanrel.s. 
I'lvery  year  cargoes  of  this  pi-ecious  vegetalde  are 
cNpoiled  to  till!  value  of  twenty  millions  of  francs;  it 
is  a  real   miuiopoly,  which  natnio  has   made   a  present 


licen  ruined  by  a  gre( 


d  1 
irk 

if  industry  was 
cl 


mil  igno 


rant  svstem    of 


Imallv  aiian  lonei 


1  in  1.S38,     Th 


v"c'ver,    reip  ni'( 


in 


].' 


ulu.dst  ever  iicciiniplUhi'il  liy  tlic  present  less  luiiiihiliiinis 
race  is  ('ij;lity-(ivi;  .sccoiul.-i,  lifty  sithiiiU  licini,'  tlitf  .irdiiiarv 
iliiiatiiin  of  11  ilive.  So  lar^jo  a  iiiiinliir  nt'  (iivcrs  are  at 
work  at  oaee,  that  tliey  iiiiist  trust  to  cliaiico  lor  lillini,' 
llieir  nets  in  tlio  iiiudily  water;  all  kiials  nf  curious  marine 
aiiimaU  — sea  sluijs,  lilaek,  greasy,  ami  iiiile  'iis,  str.iieje  polvpi, 
anil  lieaiitil'al  slielis— all  e.aiiin:;  up  ia  eoMi|i.iMy  wiili  Il:e  lepti. 
mate  pearl  oysler.  ;4s  iiiaay  as  sisty-live  of  tie  se  have  lieeii 
liniiif^lit  up  at  I'lie  haul,  but  the  avera^^e  iiainlier  mIiIomi  exeeeils 
llHi'eu  orlweuly.  I'roperly  speaUu^  it  is  not  lui  ovster  at  all, 
liii_  a  nienili.T  of  the  mussel  family,  its  corpvt  i!isi(.'iiatioii  lieiiii; 
the  Mi'li-iiifi-iivi  mininrilijirii.  The  shells  are  ol  a  reililish 
brown  colour,  anil  have  deeper  and  more  clearly  defined  liiu(;es 
tliiui  the  com  mm  oyster,  which  to  uuseieutilie  eyes  it  greallv 
resemhles.  It  puss  s.es  a  curi.tus  kind  ef  sucker,  or  le^.  hy  meiii.s 
of  wiiieh  it  can  aeeuuipl  sh  a  slow  progress  over  the  hottom  of 
the  >ea,  a  lilueish  ^reen  ta-sil  (/-//.v.yi/.v)  eiialilii''.r  it  to  attach  iise't' 
to  any  ohjeet  that  tkes  its  fancy.  The  "  hy- -us ''  is  hroKen  ill" 
and  left  liehiud  when  the  oyster  moves  on,  it  liaviuir  the  jmuer 
of  reprodueiui^  it  when  a;;iin  desirous  of  reioaining  statiouarv. 
They  a  e,  howeviT,  seuerally  foiual  loose  liy  the  di\eis,  icj  'vhieh 
case  they  are  easily  Iraiisierred  to  l!ie  iieis.  Aeiordi;,„  to 
the  natives,  its  most  formidahle  enemy  is  a  lish  whom  nature  has 
provided  with  a  S' rt  of  gimlet  nn  its  ii^  s^-,  with  which  it  liores 
tlirongh  the  shell,  sucking  out  its  juiey  eon'.eutsthrough  the  hole. 
Th  y  are  also  saitl  to  fall  victims  I'l  a  kitiil  of  roach,  live  or  six  inches 
in  length,  whieli  devoin-s  the  ovsler,  shell  aid  all.  'ihey  mny  do 
nne  damage  aaiong  the  very  yiung  ones,  hut  a  full-grown,  haul- 


."^■i.),     and    it  ]  shelled  pearl  oyster,  )inilialily  jiroM'S  as  I  'Stiiig  a  meal  to  a  rimeli, 


I" 


ices  as  much  as  iJO,!!!)!)  francs  to  tho  rovciuie 


as  a  I  uek  wi 


th  tin 


mile 


to  a  lioa  constrictor. 


The  ifc 


certain  months  i^t  the  year 


Tl 


portaut  Pearl  I'isliery  is  now  carried  on  at  .\ripo, 

,-as  dotted 


le  more  nn 
iiud  is  thus  deserihed   hv  an   eve-witness  : —The  pt 


with  tents,  curious  in  shape  am 


Icolo 


id' 


linssihle  s'/e 


for  tilt 


I" 
i)au 


huts  of  I 


steadily  for  ahout  six   leairs,   hut  at   niiihiit:ht   they   have  iieaily 


had  enough  of  it. 


gun  IS 


tired 


al  fo 


lishi 


ct;ase.  A  liiial  and  simult  lucous  iilnnge  is  made  hy  the  divers, 
and  the  little  ll  Miila  gets  uiith'r  weigh  fur  the  heaeli,  each  hoiit, 
as  it   arrivis, 


■Kotl. 


will; 


deliveriii 
1,"  or  recelviiii 

lu 


prt 


us   freii/ht  at  the  uovernmeiit 


I  a  s  ulrv  at  each 


yaril,  a  large,   i  pen, 
A    guvirminut 


1'' 


.  Ilieial 


liled 


clo 


>lt]ieritltei  lis 


eonimodatiou  of  the  teaip  ir.iry  visitors.    I  a     the  iliv;sion  of  the  w'.iole  into  four  eipial  lots,  one  of  which  is  tht 


the  r  -atlslead  lav  vessels  of  all   kinds,  from  the 


all    sch. 


.'il  hy  the  superiutendeut  as  his  tl.ig^hip,  to  the  va-i  aisstritigely- 


sliaped    native    ho.its 


\ith    their    chii. 


ly   outriggi  rs 


111  hi 


brown  sails,  fragile-looking  little  canoes  ami  cata  iiaraus,  making 
rapitl  voyages  b  tween  tlieai  and  the  shore.  All  l!ie  det.dls  of  the 
fishery  are  earrietl  on  at  .'silawarorre,  tw- 1  miles  d  iwn  t!ie  coast. 


tho  .seal)  lard  for  a  c msiderahlo  dislance  be. ug  r.il-e.l  .sevta'.il  feel 


■  1' 


Tl 


ill  height  by  the  aeeinnulatioas  of  oyser  shells  lir 

boats  n-ed  hy  the  divers,   1  7H  in  n.nuher,  were  dra  Ml   up  in  two 

tipnidrons,  opposite  the  Government  biiildiiiL's,     One  sipi.idroo  is 


tolil  oil  lor  each  day's  fi: 


wlien  a  signal  gun 


I  fired,  a  la 


id  gets  under 


al  uiidaiL'ht, 


'  gener.iUy  springing  up  at  that 


time  cnahliuy  them  to  reach  the  (leirl  baiilis,  twelve   iiiiie.i  fr 


the 


hv  ilavlight.      fiie  boats  are  all  iinmbered,  and  aiieln 


ni   a   .me,    when    divi 


coaitiienees  Mime 


liatelv 


has  fc 


liking   stones 


Kach    boat 


id   two  divers  are  told  off  at 


stone,    which    weighs   about   forty    poiiads.     TIa 


111   di\ 


rtannneratiiia  to  which  ilie  li. vers  are  enttled,  ami   fur   this  11.)  v 


Ide  \k 


itl  b  at  I. ell.     This  iliare  is  iisuallv  at  ouceie 


Id  I  v 
'  I  h. 


th  III  at  I'l^tail  prict  s,  outside  tla^  g-itcs,   higher    ju  ices  hi 

tai  led    for    till  111    than    those   fetched  at    the  goverimnnt  Bill 

where  only  thous'imls  are  talked  ahout.     '1  hese  Mihs  take  pin 


till 


da 


li.Uo 


th. 


tisia 


1  rge 


"uijan 


bail 'iiiu,   with  open  siiie.s,  roiiutl  whieh    ciowil    the    speculators 


i.f  all  elas-i 


,  ca-le 


id   III 


Singhalese   but  sel.lom    vciiti: 
ill. 


ley 


of  thi 


in  lliese  iii.derlal.iiigt,  piel  rriug  to  invest  such  savings  i 
make  in  laud,  liy  lar  the  gnatest  pioporlion  are  iiitivcs 
.south  coniiiieiit  of  India,  w  lieic  the  .-I'iiil  of  speculation  seen: 
eipially  well  ih'veloptil  in  the  wea  thy  1,'lietty  merchant,  the  po; 
sc'sor  of  thoiisoals,    aiitl  ill  tlie  com  noii  c'ooly,  who  will  expend 


bis  liardly- 
bivalv 


d   biro  in  three  or    fniir   of  the    mueh-covetid 
It  is  dilheiilt  to  distinguish  rich  fn  in  ]«i<\-  ainoiig  tin 


■artliy  gentry,  the  r-i'liest  s.  Idoni  we.niug  any  clothes  beyinid 
liiiiai  cloth  roiind  llie  liea.l  and  another  roiin<l  the  loins,  thongli 


alteriiiti  ly,  as  too   much  time  would   he  lost  by  clia.igiog,  hut  |  large  annaint  of  wi'al  h  is  of  en  coiiei  aled  in  the  tlirly  folds  ol  the 


wl 


leii  Ol  e  III; 


111  is  tired  the  other  talo's  his  pi  e-e.    T 


iiev  iliseartl 


lall  :  iatl, 


,V  pair  of  wo.i 


als 


al 


.'h 


llbl 


ecess.irles  for  closing  the  ears  and  ii  i-trils,  and  the  diver  descemls  I  jilele  the  costume,  whieli,  if  not  elegant,  is  cia'lainly  n  it  expensive 


hy  placing  his  teet  upon  tin 

attached.      His   niovemeiils   are   w.itche.l  by   his  comr.ide 

drawo  up  the   stone  the  moment  the  diver  reieliesthe   bottom 


•  sinking  stone,"   to  which  a  rope  is 
"        via 


Ih. 


slless   eounteiiaucics  of  all  are  alike  slaniped  with 


Th. 


.irice,  the  (I///7  sitrriijiiin  .i  appearing  to  bim.t  all  other  feclii 


iv-ters  are  si 


I  l.y  1 


lots  of  llol   le-s  tl 


laii  one  ttioii- 


v:"- 


with  the  net  or  basket  in  whieli  the  oysters  are  <lep,„sited,  the  diver  '  sand,  a  purchaser  to  Ihat  extent  having  tlieoptlmi  ul  taking  as  many 


elf  facilitating  1 


hv  tl 


liohling  on  to  an  oar,  or   lloaliiig  lor  a  minute 


le   same   means. 


iiid,  111 


.Vfler 
or   so,   to   recover 


as  thirty  tliiiiis,;nil,  if  he  likes  the  price.  At  llie  preiinus  li.^hi  riis  of 


i.sr, 


le  IS  ready  tor  another  pliia 


.Most  of  the  d 


ivers  are 


>s,  the  ]iiieis  were  low,  .JL'l  1  t.«.  per  tin 
;  but  till 


le  proli 


lllsthi 


en  111. ide  were  eiiormoiis. 


id  hi 
null  tl  e  tact  .-on 


Tamils,  and  far  from  being  of  miserable  appearance,  are   mostly  I  known,  that  on  this  oeeasion  £  t  8.v.  per  Inoo  was  the  iiriee  freely 
stout,  healthy   Hieii.     .Veeiden's    troni    sharks   are  of  very    rare  !  olfere<l at  the  first  day's  sale.     The  best  ci it 


if  tl 


le  success  or 


Spl 


alalo 


occurence,  contrary  to  our  pree  inceived  nolioiis   lai   the    sii'ij.cl,     11 

only   one  aulheniiiated  fatal    cas-c  having   iccnrred  sin.'e  Cevloii  '  hnud'icd  tlmusand: 


line  into  our  imssessi 


111.      Ui  fculo 


la 


ive  been   told  and  I  lisln 


•iflieved  respecting  the  leagth  of  time  divers  reniaiii  under  walci 


.Co  Cl 


,as  the  steady  rise  in  prices;  at  one  time  several 
Id  at  ,f.S  (i.v.,  and  up  to  the  i  lid  of  the 


Ct  wete  readily  g  \'cu 


soine  giving 


till 


as  I  wo  ini-intes,  other 


s  asserting  tiiat  as     in  ri 


Were  jiresenl,  o\er  tiHl.OOO  oystta's 


much   as  nereii   miiiules'   siihmeriiiuii   haa  been    auliivted.     The 


alv 


I  hi 


.\1 

ipi 


ovslers  are 


.11 
dial.lv 


ale 
■d  of. 


\  lii.'li 


id  to 


I  jiurcliiisei-s  to  their  own  privalc  var.ls,  where,  if  time  can 


■d  by  Ihi'ir 
li.i  giv.ii. 


I'  ! 


11  $1 


222  ALL   ROUND 

of  to  tlir  isliinil  of  Ovloii.  Tliciiec  they  visittMl  » 
iimiiufln'toiy  of  ( •.L'oii-nut  oil.  Tlicy  iilso  siiw  in  tlic 
stcii'c-lionsc  '•rciii  lulls"  of  cowiics,  sliills  oolli'ctfd  iit 
tlii^  Miildivc  Isl.iinls,  mill  (li'|iMsit('(l  at  Ci'vloti  on  flicir 
wny  to  {.(iiKJiin,  wliciicc  tiii'V  aiv  tr.iusiiiittfd  into  tlie 
interior  of  Afiica  as  cnrri'iit  t-oin  in  cxcliangc  for  i;iilil 
(lust,  |ialni  oil,  and,  still  nion^  i's|ici-iMlly,  alas!  for 
!iei;ro('s  ai]d  n('i,'n  ^sps.  A  ton  of  tlii'sc  shells  is  worth, 
at  (Jeylon,  ahont  l.KnO  francs,  and  the  living  llpsh  of 
negroes  is  e.\i'liaiigi'(l  against  an  equal  weight  of  shells  1 

Here  onr  tr.i\  cllers  werealso  introduee<l  to  the  luxnry 
of  the  ]iuiika,  which  in  the  night-time  they  tell  ns 
refresh  the  slundicrs  of  somnolent  liaiikers',  and  even 
gild  their  golden  dreams, 

(  )m  theii'  way  hack  fiom  Colondio  to  Poiin,  do  Galle, 
r'.illiei  Miliani.  true  to  his  ])roinise,  awaited  the  ajijiear- 
:.nce  of  the  e.xjieditionists  at  Caltnra,  in  an  elegant 
carriage,  to  convey  them  to  the  ]ircshtyeiv  of  St.  Selia.s- 
lian.  On  their  way  thithei-,  the  natives  whom  they 
met  are  descrilxd  as  throwing  themselves  down  full 
length,  and  waiting,  tlicir  faces  veiled,  fi>r  the  hlessing 
ot  their  )iastor.  Tiie  reverend  father,  who  with  one 
hand  111  Id  the  reins  of  his  "  break,"  distrilaited  his 
IpcMcilii'tions  half  witli  his  hand  an<l  the  other  half  with 
his  whip  '.  ,lusl  as  they  were  reaching  the  church,  two 
Sinuhalc'se  ohstructi'd  their  way,  (jne  of  them  heggeil 
the  father  to  accompany  him  to  his  dying  wife,  the 
other  alri'ady  'leld  the  sacred  vessels  used  in  s'.iih  sad 
eircnmstanc<'s,  and  which  he  had  hrought  with  hun  from 
the  jiresliytery.  M.  Miliani  surprised,  handed  over  the 
reins  to  Commodore  AVullerstorf,  and  excusing  himself 
with  the  m  ist  perfect  politeness,  di.-;ip|K?ared  in  the 
forest  that  liordercd  the  ri>ad.  He  was  not  long,  liow- 
ever,  in  i-oming  back,  when  his  sndling  eonntenanee 
showed  that  the  case  w.is  not  so  bad  as  had  l)eon 
imaiiined.      The  fact  is  thit,  at    the  least  indications  of 


I      t 


ilicy  !irr  li'ft  till  all  tlic  iiiiiniiit  inciter  liiis  cIccDiiipn^i'd  laicl  ilis- 
:>)iii(-ai(Ml,  Sonic  (■(tn>iiifral»lt'  tiiiii.'  inn^t  lu'cci-sarilv  elapse  U-tiirc 
al!  tills  is  acnniiplislicil,  even  in  a  tnijm'al  cimiitrv  ;  niiil  in  nuist 
ciKC",  tluicliiri',  l!  !•  iM'iiils  iiri'  olilaiiM'd  IVinii  tin-  iivsii  r«  liv  wasli- 
iiiL',  a  ]ir"ci'-s  whicli  taUcs  place  wlicn  tliev  are  iii  iin  ailvanecil 
>l:ii;e  111  ileecjiiiiiipsilidii.  1 1  is  cciiicliKt ell  iip"n  tlic  same  priiieipb; 
as  lluit  eiiipliivccl  ill  pilil  t'l'iiml  in  llie  smiil  iir  alluvial  ile- 
]"isits.  'I'liey  arc  rcnmvcil  intii  lariic  I  :li-,  or  ciiiiiH's  liewii 
Inini  II  .siiliil  Ills.',  tlic  sliells  arc  ]iiclicil  o\ii.  care  lieiiig  t;,!,-  .n 
lo  j'l'eservc  tiiuse  to  wliicli  pearls  arc  fonntl  aiilioriii^.  \\',-  .t 
istlien  I'nelv  iipplieil,  tlni  Inatlisoiiic  muss  lieiiij;  well  stirred  ap  liy 
Inn. I  till  tlie  )ie:irls  arc  freed  riMiii  all  i.dl.esivc  matter,  and  ]iieei- 
pitiited  t'l  !lie  liiittoiii,  wliere,  I'I'ler  tin'  liipiid  lias  liecii  piiurcd  oil', 
tliev  ari'  di-'-lov.  li  to  tile  exi'iled.  anxious  ^u/e  of  tlicir  prnprietor. 
A  more  di-_-ii«tiiii;  specliicle  eiin  liaruly  lie  eoneeivod,  tliiin  lliat  of 
a  er'i\vd  of  wonieii  and  cliililreii  ei.ijiloyid  upon  :liis  loiillisniiu' 
work  ;  iiorcaii  linnian  nature  lie  viewed  in  a  iiincli  more  repulsive 
aspirt  tliaii  that  of  an  olil  eoloiin'd  woinaii,  almost  destiiiile  of 
clolliiiiLr.  In'i-  li:iir  tanirled  and  liislievelled,  her  eyes  lileaniiii;;  wit n 
cupidity,  and  her  skinny  arms  half  liiried  in  a  hideous  mass  of 
i-orruplion  that  wouldappal  an  aiialy  Ileal  elieir.ist.  Peculation  is 
rile  anion:;  the  jieopl,'  tlms  eiiiiiloyed,  swiillowinj;  the  jieiirls  luiii^r 
theninst  apimivid  ii.clhodil  appropriaiini;  thcin,  notwithstandin',' 
the  horrilile  odour  and  appciiriiiiee  ol'tlie  iiiiiss  from  which  lley  are 
extnieted.  I'liMishineut,  however,  f'  Hows  sw  (tly  upon  detiction, 
the  suspected  party  lieini'  at  «inec  dosed  witli  a  |iowerf"ul  jinctic 
no  ri>'anl  lieiiiu'  paid  to  either  sex,  iifrc,  or  cons  it nt ion,  n  triist- 
H'lrlhy  friend  of  the  proprietor  walehiiii.' the  result.  The  owners 
eflar^'c  slocks  of  oysters  (.'eiienilly  iTcet  their  temporary  donii- 
riles  close  hv.  or  In  the  yards  in  wliii'h  tlieyarc  siored,  apniir 'nlly 

iineouseions  of  the  poi. ns   sti'iieh   frcneraied   liy  the    deeiyiii}; 

heaps;  sulhciently  poi.sonons,  one  would  iiuiii:ine,  to  )>riMliiec  a 
lihiL'ne  every  lishery.  Triilinsr  in  pearls  FOeins  to  he  a  ilisiiuet 
liiisine^s  with  these  people,  and  is  not  eoinliini'd  with  dialing  in 
any  other  deseriplion  of  l-ci  s.  Tiie  merehunt  usually  eariics 
most  of  his  stock  iihout  wilh  him,  seereleil  In  the  folds  of  his 
caruieiit,  toir*'ther  with  his   "appanage,'   eotisisting  of  a  sipiare 


THE  WOULD. 

sickness,  tlu!  n.ilives  hiix'e  the  sarrament.s  adniini.  ered 
to  them  at  once,  fnnn  leligioiis  |  rudence  and  from  ♦oo 
ready  confidence  in  the  virtues  of  the  holy  oil  in  c\iring 
their  physiial  ailment.s. 

A  sharp  canter,  in  which  they  were  followed  by  a 
tall  niiti\e,  who  kept  up  with  them  at  full  speed  to 
obtain  a  ".supplement  of  licncdiction,"  brought  them 
to  the  village,  when  the  whole  congregation  of  the 
faithful  were  in  attendance  to  toniliict  them  across  ii 
gi-ove  of  palms  to  the  )  resbvfery,  'he  cohiuins  of  which 
were  decorated  with  garlands,  with  green  boughs,  tro- 
pical flowers,  and  admirable  ba'<ets  of  fruits,  abuve 
wliich  ehariningly  variegated  birds,  artistically  cut  by 
the  Singhalese  out  of  cocoa  nut  leaves,  .seenud  to  fly. 
Over  the  (hairway  was  an  anchor  emblem  of  fiiith,  and 
words  taken  from  the  Kpistle  of  St.  Paul  :  "  ^ly  hope 
ha.s  not  ihreived  me."  xvere  to  1  e  read  in  gii'i  ii  letters. 
This  was  a  delicate  allusion  to  the  jiromise  made  !iy  the 
cominodore  to  accept  the  entertainment  Jirofh'red  by 
the  reverend  father  on  his  return  from  Colombo. 
A  long  table  had  been  laid  in  the  interior,  and  it 
actually  groaned  beneath  the  weight  of  viands.  Arm- 
chairs weie  disposed  at  distances,  and  the  fli nr  was 
Covered  with  the  bright  yet  delicate  lea\es  of  the 
ficus  rcligiosa.  As  si  .on  as  M.  W'lillerstorf  had  taken 
his  place,  some  hundred  paiisliiniurs  arranged  tlnin 
selves  in  group;*,  and  exeiaitcd  iiaii'oial  dances  to  the 
soumi  of  drums  and  fifes.  'I"iie  rep.ist  would  liaxe  met 
with  the  a]i)irobation  of  guests  nmst  dillicult  to  plea.se 
even  in  Kiirope. 

The  ]ia''isli  of  Saint  Sebastiini  boasts,  we  are  told,  of 
about  U,(lllO  convents  ;  it  is  one  of  the  most  inipoitant 
of  tlie  fifty  stations  of  the  d'oeese  of  Colombo,  whose 
bislio|)  is  Jlniiseigneur  liiava.  The  (^'omnn  dure  left  a 
goodly  ]iresent  fiir  the  Church   of  Father   !Miliaiii,  and 


diirk  liluc  cloth,  marked  out  into  divis'oiis,  a  pair  of  s.ales  and 
weiL'hts,  and  a  series  of  sniiiU  hrass  .'•aueers,  perfe. rated  with  holes 
of  dillereiit  sizes  ;  niiiiio  r  one  heiiij;  hi 'ee  eiiou;:h  *•  iidmit  the 
passii^e  (if  a  pearl  thesi/e  of  a  jiea,  while  the  smallest  is  only 
ealeiilaled  to  a  low  the  dust  to  eseiilie.  'thron^'h  these  the  pearls 
are  sifted,  thosi'  n  niaiuiut;  in  each  fiiiieer  heiiijr  placid  upon  its 
appropriate  divsion  on  the  eloth,  ii  iiai^li  uieiisureii  cut  heinj; 
thus  speedily  iini\id  al.  It  is  not  lasy  to  value  tlieiii  eorreelly, 
the  (list  inel  ions  n  lule  lieiiitr  mi  n  any,  it  ml  so  nice.  'J  hi  re  are  all  o- 
trether  twelve  ila-sis,  in  none  olwhieh  is  the  iietnal  wei}.'hl  taken 
into  eonsideratiou.  >o.  1  is  called  Ani,  eomprisin;:  those  to 
which  l*liiiy  first  appliid  the  term  '*  iinio,"  in  which  alt  the 
hijrhest  iierleiiioim  of  lustre  and  spl.erieily  are  centred  ;  No.  2, 
Auathari,  are  such  as  fail  a  little  in  one  iminl,  either  in  lustre  or 
siiherieity  :  No.  H,  ^'aiaulayam  ;  No.  •!,  Kayiral.  sneh  as  tail  in 
Imtli  ;  .No.  ,").  Massa;.'!!,  or  eentusion  ;  JCo.  ti.  Vniiivu,  he- uty  ; 
No.  7,  M.dai'L'u.  hint  or  "folded '■  pearls  ;  Xo.  S,  Km  wal,  do.  I'lle 
liearls  ;  Jso.  !l,  Kalippn,  sitrnilyiiii^  "  iil'iiiidanee  ;  "  No.  lo,  I'asal ; 
.No.  11,  Kiiiid,  "misshapen;"  Ihe-e  liml  a  ready  side  in 
India,  all  kinds  and  sliapis  heiiii;  iiidiseiiuiiiiately  used  to 
adorn  the  ioi,j;lilyniadc  liieast-|ihiles  if  pild  worn  liy  woiia'H 
of  hiirli  caste;  .No.  ]2,Tliool,  literally  "  jiowder  ;  "  these  are  all 
easily  dispi  sed  of  in  India,  where  they  are  made  into  "  Cliiinani," 
a  relineii  kind  of  lime  (or  (.Teat  ladies  to  chew  with  thiir 
iM'tel.  Mysterious  whispers  nt  lucky  ventures  pervai'e  the 
can  p.  Yi.u  are  told  ol  a  eoiiinn  n  ii  oly  hiivin^'ini  ih'  h  s  forlune 
for  life  liy  the  fortunate  expenditure  of  a  rupee,  and  we  were 
sliiiHii  one  line  jiearl  vvorlli  sev.  ii  or  ei(.'lit  pounds,  thi'  nsull  of 
a  sixpenny  s|Kinlalioii  hy  a  small  hrown  L'irl.  The  jeiirls  are  not 
olteii  very  larp'.      In  IKCo  the  oysters  sold  at  the  un|ireeeilented 

lira f  L'lli  per  1,00(1,  lor  an  extraordinary  rea-on  —  the  iimtinies 

in  India.  An  enormons  aiiionnl  of  jiwi  lli  ry  was  "  leoted  "  \iy 
the  liritish  soldiery,  neaily  the  whole  of  which  till  into  the  hands 
(it  the  well-alleete.l  iiolelity.  Xow  that  mailers  have  selllid 
down,  the  ladies  of  dude,  who  were  the  jiriiieipal  losers,  are 
anxious  for  a  In.sh  assortment,  the  ileiii.  iid  L'reatly  exceeds  the 
supjily,  and  the  prieis  of  pearU  are  exiietl^'  double  what  the^ 
w  I  re  last  vear. 


THE   ISLANDS   OF  THE    INDIAN    AND    EASTERN    SEAS. 


iidniini.  prcil 
tiiid  tViiiii  ♦,()() 
•  nil  iii  curiiij,' 

illiiwed  I'y  a 

twll  S|,tC(l  to 
ildllgllt    tlll'lll 

Mtiuii  (if  tlio 
lifiM  luidss  a 
inns  (if  wliicli 

lllllli,'ll.S.   tlD- 

Cniits.  mIkivc 
ic.dly  lilt  liy 
('(■niid  t(i  tly. 
(if  fiiitli,  and 
:  "]My  lidpc 
f,'i('(  n  Icttci's. 
ni.lcic  liy  tlio 
]iintli'icd  liy 
111  ('(ildinliii. 
I'ridi-,  Mild  it 
inds.  Ann- 
ie ill  (ir  WMs 
'lives  (if  till' 
i-fliiid  liiKcn 
iii,i,'id  lliiiii 
liinces  t(i  tlie 
lid  liii\  (•  met 
lilt  til  jileiiso 

.'  iiPO  tdld.  (if 
■^t  iiiijiiirtiiiit 

illllld,      wllIlM' 

■  ■dure   left   ;i 
Miliaiii,  mid 


lit'  s.iilis  illul 

ll'.l  Willi  ll(llc8 
■'    lllllllit    tlic 

li'st  is  Hilly 
St'  tile  pcnrls 
ii'id  11)11111  i(a 
'11  lilt  liciii^ 
111  loiTiclly, 
II  ri'  art'  allii- 

»tij.'lii  lakcn 
s:  IliiiM'  111 
liili  nil  the 
rt  il ;  Nil.  L', 

r  ni  lustre  tir 
)i  as  ffiil  in 
\ii.  Ill-  >it\  : 
nval.  il..,.l'ili. 
1.  10,  I'asal; 
lily  siilr  ill 
!y  iivfil  111 
liy  \Miiia'ii 
tlifst'  ai-f  all 
'  Cliiiiiaiii," 
Willi  llitir 
I'l-vai  f  tlic 
Il  s  liiilmif 
il   w  f  « t-re 

I'    11  Milt    (if 

arls  are  not 
|iiifiilt'iitfil 
111'  11  iirniii's 
l.'i.liil  "  ],y 
1  lite  Italldrt 
ivf  scKIkI 
li'siTii,  arc 

Xl'fClls    tll(> 

wluit  tlicy 


for  thfi  spi'viiiits.  (iftrr  whioli  tliey  got  into  their  car-  i  and  whilst  in  India  the  feiiiiiles  aiv  provided  with 
liat'c,  aeciiiii|iiiiiied  i.s  tiir  a.^  tht,'  next  stiitinli  liy  tlieir  tlieiii,  tlimi'^li  of  iiiUfli  'ess  diiiieiisinns  than  the  males, 
liiist,  liy  a  '.land  nf  niiisifians,  di-iiiiuniiii,',  lilnwinn,  and  nut  uiif  ele|iliuiit  in  a  hundred  is  fniiiiil  with  tii>Us  in 
wliistliiii^,  as  al>ii  liy  a  liaii  1  nf  |iaiisliii)iiei's,  lilaek  and  Ceyldii,  and  the  few  that  possess  tlieni  arc  exelusively 
alnidSt  naked  futures,  with  loii!,'  Mat  hair  falling;  lielow     males. 

the  elliiiws,  sliiiiitin;,',  gesticulating,  and  dancing;  it  Sir  James  Emersdii  Teiinant  had  during  his  stav  at 
was  evidently  'ill  extraiu'diiiaiy  festival  with  them.  Kiiiidy,  twice  the  oppiirtuii't^  of  witnessing  tlio 
These  poor  Siiijjhalese,  astonished  at  so  iiiagniticeiit  a  ,  ii|ieratiiiii,  (iii  a  gr.ind  scale, '.I  capturing  wild  elephants, 

1 cptioii,  designated  the  Commodore  as   "King  of  the    inleii(h'd  to  he  trained  fur  ilie  piililic   service;  and   the 

Sea."  I  same     alilt^     adiiiinistiMtor     and    distinguished    author 

I 'evlon  has  lieeii  celehi'ated  throughout  all  ages  for  [  siiecee(h'd  in  the  course  nf  his  fi'ei|iieiit  joiiriievstlirdugli 
its  pearls  and  its  elcpliants.  We  have  already  given  an  |  the  interior  of  tlut  islami,  in  collecting  so  munv  par- 
.leiiiiiiil  oftlielVail  Fishery,  and  we  will  now  proceed  ticidars  rehitive  to  the  liahits  of  these  iuteiesiing 
to  the  latter.  animals  in  a  state   of  nature,  as  has   enaliled   him    not 

The  e!('[ihiiiit,  the  lord  paramount  of  the  Ceylon  |  only  to  mid  to  the  iiiforiiiatioii  ]iicvidiisly  piis.sc.s.sed,  hut 
forests,  is  til  lie  met  with  in  almost  every  district  of  to  eorreet  many  fallacies  popularly  rcceiMil  regarding 
that   great  i.slan(l,    in    the  confnies  of  the    woods,    in    their  instincts  and  di^piisitidii.' 

wlid.se  depths  he  linds  eoneealmeiit  and  shiuU'  duniig  The  very  etyinolngy  of  the  name  elepliant  is  nn- 
tlieliiiurs  wiieii  the  sun  is  high,  and  from  which  lie  kmiwii,  and  therefore,  as  may  lie  imagined,  the  niattir 
emerges  diilv  at  twilight  to  wend  his  way  towards  the  of  mm  li  learned  and  iiigeiiidus  dispiiti  '  ion  ;  one  partv 
rivers  and  tanks,  when;  ho  luxuri  ites  till  dawn,  when  helieving  it  deiivi'd  fimu  the  Saiisciit  Aiia\  aula.  Son 
li,'  again  seeks  the  retirement  of  the  deep  forests,  of  tlioUcein,  aiiiither  from  the  Araliic  Al  lil  Hindi, 
With  the  exceiitioii  indeed  of  the  iiarniw  liut  densely  AW  I/iUicus  ;  and  a  third  again  from  the  Ilelirev,' 
inhabited  hclt  of  cultivated  land,  which  extends  along  Klepli  lllinli,  also  Indian  ( >x.  A  very  erroneous 
the  sea-shore  of  the  l.slaml  from  Cliilaw  on  the  western  fallacy  haiuled  liy  yKliali,  I'liiiy,  Shaw,  Sir  W.  Jardine, 
ciiast.   to   Tangalle   on   the    east,   there  is  no   part    of    and  other    naturalists,   is  corrected  lit  the  outset  liv  Sir 


I 'evlon  in  which  elejihants  may  not  ho  said  to  abound  ; 
even  close  to  the  en  V  in  Ills  of  the  most  populous  localities 
■  if  the  interior.  T'liin' fie(pieut  both  the  open  plains 
and  the  deep  forests,  ami  their  fimtsteps  are  to  bo 
seen  wherever  food   and  shaih  ,    vegetation  and   watiu- 


ailiire    them,   alike    on     the     summits    of  the    loftiest     tint    tusks 
on  the   horihu'.s  of  the   tanks   and   low 
■>-l 


iiiountains  ami 

land  streams.      (.•>■(■.■  page  lil^u.) 

Fiiini  time  imiiiemorial  the  natives  have  been  taught 
to  lajitiire  and  tame  them,  and  the  export  of  elephants 
t'rom  Ceylon  to  India  has  been  going  oil  without 
interruiitidii  fruiu  the  period  of  the  first  I'unie  war 
(vEliau,  ih'  Xal.  Animal,  lib.  xvi.  e.  18  ;  Cosmos 
liidico,  pi.  p.  1:,'S).      Ill  later  times  all   elephants  were 


]iatienee  of  a  white  man  than  of  a  native.  Were  I. is 
instincts  to  carry  liim  further,  or  were  he  inlliieiiced 
by  any  feeling  of  animosity  or  hostility,  it  must  be 
apparent  that,  as  against  the  piodigidiis  iiumbi  is  that 


J.  K.  Teiinant.  Elephants,  he  .says,  do  not  shed  their 
tiL.ks  after  losing  their  lir.st  pair,  or,  as  they  are  called, 
the  "milk  tusks;"  the  .seeimd  pair  aci|iiire  their  full 
size  and  bocoim-  tlie  "  pel  mam  nt  tusks,"  which  are 
never  shed.  Again,  it  is  a  mistake  to  sup|  ose  that 
ire  defensive  organs.  So  harmless  ami 
peaceful  is  the  life  of  the  elephant,  that  nature  ajipears 
to  have  left  them  un|ir(ivided  with  any  wcapnii  of 
oU'ence ;  their  tusk  being  too  delicate  an  ingaii  to  be 
ru(h'ly  eiii]ildye(l  in  a  Cdiitliet  with  nther  aiiimals.- 

Tdwards  man  (dephaiits  evince  sliynes.s,  arising  from 
their  love  of  solituiie  and  dislike  of  intriisiiin  ;  any 
alarm  they  exhibit  at  his  appeaiaiice  may  be  rea.sdii- 
ably  traced  to  tue  .slaughter  w  liiili  has  reduced  their 
the  pr  iperly  of  the  Kaiidyan  (.'rown,  and  their  capture  '  numbers;  and  as  some  evidence  of  this,  it  has  iilw..vs 
nr  slaiigliler,  without  the  rnyal  permission,  was  cla.ssed  been  observed  that  an  elephant  exhibits  greater  iiii- 
amoii^st  the  gr.ivest  olfeiices  in  the  Kail.lyall  eoilo. 

In  recent  yens  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  their 
iiiimbers  have  bccomo  cousi'l  'rably  reduced.  They 
have  entirely  disappeared   from  districts  in  which  they 

were  formerly  iiiimeroiis  ;  smaller  herds  have  been  inhabit  the  forests  of  Ceylon,  man  woiild  wage  an 
taken  ill  the  perindieil  captures  for  the  public  service,  iiiiei|iial  contest,  and  that  of  the  t'Mi  one  oroiher  must 
aiiil  hunters  returning  from  tin;  chase  report  them  to  long  since  have  been  reduced  to  a  helpless  miiinrity. 
lie  more  scarce.  In  eon.seipienee  of  this  diminution  the  The  alleged  antipathies  of  the  elephant  to  all  ipiad- 
peasaiitry  in  .soiiio  parts  of  the  island  have  even  siis-  riijieds,  es|itcially  swine  and  dogs,  and  the  absurd  state- 
|iiiii|eil  the  ancient  practice  of  kee|iiiig  watchers  and  im  nt  th.'t  he  is  alarmed  if  a  hare  start  from  its  fonii, 
tires  by  night  to  drive  away  the  elephants  from  their  are  in  a  great  degree,  if  not  eiitii'elv,  imaginary.  "The 
u'l'iiwing  croii.s.  The  opening  of  nads  and  the  clearing  habits  of  the  elephant,"  (ib.servcs  Sir  Jaiiies.  "are 
the  moiiutaiii  forests  of  Kanily  f':^r  the  cultivation  of  es.sentially  harmless  ;  his  wants  lead  to  no  rivalrv  with 
riitlee  have  forced  the  animals  to  I'etire  to  the  low  '  other  animals,  and  the  food  to  which  he  is  most  attached 
ciiiintry,  where  again  they  hav(>  been  folhuved  by  large  !  is  found  in  such  ubundaiice  that  he  obtains  it  without 
parties  of  Kiiroiiean  sportsmen  ;  and  the  Singhalese 
iheiiiseht's,  being  iimre  freely  provided  with  arms  than 
ill  foiiiier  times,  have  assisteil  in  swelling  the  annual 
slaughter. 

ll.id  the  motive  which  incites  to  tli(^  destruetioii  of 
the  elephant  ill  .Africa  and  India  prevailed  in  Cevhui. 
and  had  the  elephants  there  been  provided  with  tusks, 

they  wtiiild  long  since  have  been  annihilated  for  the  •""I"''"" ''"' ■''""l-'''"''' "''^•''''•' """'■' ''''I''""*"-  Hm  Mr.  IMiI.ctid 
.sake  of  their  ivory.  I'.iit  it  is  a  curious  fact  that,  I '''"«'"''"'''■"''■'*'"''■'""  ■^'''''''■'' '"'■""• -""*  "I'lt  I'lai""'!'' 
whilst   in    Africa   bulli   sexes   liavo    tusks,    with 


'  Ci'vliiii :  .All  .Ai'Ciuiiit  of  lilt'  Isla.il,  IMiysif  il,  llislurical,  anil 
Tii|ini;r.i,.lii('al,  wall  Not 'cfs  of  its  Natural  llisliiiy,  .\iit;.|uilits,  ami 
I'riiiluctiiins,  by  Sir  .lames  "    iicrsim    I'l  luiaul,  K  (!.S.,  I, I,. I).,  \o. 

•  n.o  animal  iin|iortaliii<.  I'  ivnry  iiUii  (ileal  Hi  iuiu  alone  tor 
llic  last  li'W  yi'ars  lias  lii'on  .ilnnil  out'  inilHiui  i"itiuils,  wliicli, 
taking;    the  avfrape    vvt'ii,'lit  of  a   tusk    at    sixty    piiniiils,    woiiltl 


\vht>lt'  (if  the  ivory-traili'ut'  i'^ast  .Mrica,  the  must  |iriiiluctivt' nt  all, 
...  I  is  now  ill  the  hiiiiils  tit  thf  .Xint'ricaiK.     'I'lic  iiuiulifr  iif  elc|iliaiits 

slight  disiiidportion  in  the  size  of  those  of  the  females,  (  annually  lUstrtiyitl  euniiol,  thurefore,  hfUiitUr  ;iO,oo(,». 


■2'i'l 


AT.T,   T?nTT\n   THE  WolM-D. 


li''--i!i3\\ 


WORKING   ELEPHANT    l.(   CtiLU.t. 


an  eflnri.  In  tlit>  i|iiict  s..iituili's  of  f'rylnii,  .-li-iiliaiits 
limy  I'nnstMiitly  !«■  si-  ii  liri.wsiii;;  jiiMciliilly  in  tlio 
iniiiicili:iti'  \iiinity  ot",  ah'l  in  ilo^i'  i-unt.u-t  witli,iitlii  r 
iiniinals.  I  Imvi-  miii  '.tduiis  ntMiM-r  .inl  wil.l  Imtl'ilncs 
iviliiiiii'.'  in  tin-  sanily  beil  nt'a  rivi-r  in  tlic  iliy  siason. 
anil  ilr|p|iant>  iilii.kinL.' tlio  Innu'lios  i-lnsi'  Ui'siilc  tliciii. 
Tlii'V  >lio\v  no  nii|iati<  noo  in  tli>-  i'i>iii|'Miiy  nt'  tlu'  rik. 
tile  liiMi-,  anil  tlie  wilil  lin:;  :  aii'l  ^'n  tin'  ntln  r  lianil  I 
liavi'  lii'ViT  discDVOivil  an  in^taiici'  in  wliirli  tlii'so 
animals  lia\i'  iviincil  any  a|i|i|iliinsiMii  d  tliiiii.  ' 

Till'  cli'iili  lilt  s  hatiiral  tiniiii.;y,  liii>\fMi-.  is  snrli, 
tliat  lie  Itc'iiinis  alarincil  •■n  tin-  ajiinMrancr  iii  tlic 
iiiiii,'li'  iifany  anini  il  -su.li  a-  a  li'irsi'.  anil  csin'cialh  if 
iiiniintiMl.  U'liiii  i-nraLifil  an  ili|iliant  will  imt  lusit.itc 
ti'  cliiii,'!'  a  riilor  on  Imi-M-Kark  ;  hwt  it  is  ai.Miii~t 
till'  iiim.  II. it  airain^t  tln'  Imrso.  that  Ills  fury  is 
iliri'''ti'i|  :  aii'l  im  in-tance  lias  ln'i'ti  I'Vii-  known 
of  Ills  w.iiroiily  assiilin'^  a  lior^i'.  A  Ihtsi'  wliirli 
liiloii^.il  to  till'  rclfl.iatfl  I'li'jiliant-slayi'i',  Major 
liiil,'i'is.  lia'l  inn  awav  ti'iiii  liis  •_'rii'iiii.  ami  was  fmnul 
soriii'  riiii-i.lii-alili'  tiiiK-  alU'rwanl-i  L'ra/in;;  i|iiii'tly 
vvilli  a  In  Til  .if  1  li'i.li.iiits.  (hi  tin'  wlmli'.  it  may 
111'  sai.l  that  tin'  i  li'[.ha!it  livis  mi  tii'iiis  uf  amity 
with  I'Vi'iy  i(nailrii|»''l  in  tin-  I'oiv-t.  that  he  iiiillnr 
ii';;arils  tlnni  a-  hi-  f'i"s  nor  |irov..ki's  tlnir  h.istility 
iiy  his  aits;  ami  t  :it.  with  tin'  cxi'i'iitioii  of  man, 
hi"  ^'ii'atpst  enemy  -  i  :  v  —  tl„'  tiinii'iiilous  tzetso,  nr 
fli'|ihant   tly. 

Till'  ('|i'|il.aiit  ilo  -  .lot  list-  hi^  tn-ks  in  li;,'lilinij  at 
k'ii.--t  gi'iiiTally — hut  it.s  foijt    is    itt>  iliiit   wia)..in,    ihi' 


prr-siiri'  of  till'  foot  hi'iin;  sntVicii'nt  to  onish  any  minor 
assailant,  aftrr  ln'iiii;  prostrati'il  hy  mraiis  of  his  trunk. 
A  |n'riiliai'  formation  in  tln'  kin'i'-Joint  in  tin.'  hinil  h'L,', 
I'lial.linu' liim  to  su  iiiLT  his  himl  ti'i't  I'lo-c  to  tin- m-'ininl. 
als.ias-ists  him  in  tussini;  thcho.ly  alternati'ly  from  foot 
to  loot,  till  hi'  ili'|iiiv(.'s  it  of  lifi'.  A  sportsm.in  who 
ha.l  iiiiih'i'U.ii.i'  this  ojierution.  haviiiij  Ih'oii  si'izi'il  hy  a 
wonmliiil  rh'|iliant.  Imt  ri'sciieil  from  his  fiirv,  was  thus 
tliinj,'  liai'k  anil  forwanl  hi'twi'i'ii  thi'  liiml  .in.l  t'oro  fi'i't 
of  till'  animal,  wliii'h  iiiclli'i'tii.-illy  ,itti'm|iti'ii  to  tiam|ili' 
him  at  each  conriissioii,  hut  ali:'n.|..ni'ii  him  without 
iiillirtini.'  si'i'iinis  injury. 

In  ia|iti\ity.  howi'Vi'r,  after  a  iliie  cMirse  of  tniiniiii;. 
the  eli']i|iant  (lisi'iivers  a  new  Use  for  his  tUsks,  wlien 
rni|i|o\i'il  in  iiioviiiL;  stones  ami  [.iliii:,' tiinher — so  mmh 
so  that  a  iiowerliil  one  will  raise  an. I  e.'irry  on  them  a 
loi;  of  half  a  t..ii  weif,'lit.  or  more.  Sir  J  K.  T.'imant 
lehites  the  followiiii;  aiiecilote,  as  at  om-e  ilhi~tr,iti\e  of 
this  I'aiullv.  as  ,'ilso  of  the  s,ij,'aeity  ol'  the  -.iiiiiiil  : 

"  t  ine  ixi'iiini;.  whilst  riilin;;  in  the  \  i.inity  ..t  Kamly, 
mvhoise  e\  iiii'i'il  Slime  exeiteim  nt  at  a  noise  whiili 
a|iiiroaehe.l  iis  in  the  thiek  iiiin,'le.  ami  whieli  O'lisi^ii-.l 
oi'  a  re|ietition  of  the  ej.ii'iil.itiou  'rrniph!  uriii|iii  !  ' 
in  ;i  ho.ii'se  ami  ilissatistie.l  tone.  A  turn  in  the  lorest 
ex|ilaineil  the  niysterv.  hy  liriie.'iiiLT  ine  faee  to  laee  with 
a  tame  e|e|ih.int.  nna.i  oiiilvniieil  hy  any  atteielant  ;  he 
was  lahouriiiL.'  |iainfiillv  to  earrv  a  heavy  heani  of  timher, 
wliieh  he  lialaiieeil  aeross  his  tii-k-.  hut  the  [pathway 
lieiiiL;  narrow  he  was  foreeil  to  1  einl  hi-  lieail  to  one 
siile  to  [lennit  it   to  |i;u.-    eilgiwa_\s  .    uinl    the    I'Mltioll 


Jn^ 


^;k 


&T-4 


i^: 


nny  iniiinr 

]i'\<  ti'iiiik. 

111'  ^IMIllnl. 
iVnlll    f.M.t 

^iii;iii  wiio 

■izi'il  liy  II 

I',  wn-i  tliiis 

■1    f.ilV  fl-l't 

'I  tiaiii|ili> 
III  withuut 


f  tl-Millilll;. 
-k-;,  wlicll 
-so  liiurll 

III  tlii'iii  ,-1 

I'l'llllMIlt 

tr.itJM'  lit' 

Nil  : 

'I  K iiiiilv, 

>r  wliirll 
ri.li-.i~li'i| 
i;riii|iii  !  ' 
II'  Im-rst 
tiiro  tt'ltll 

l.iiit  :  111' 
t'liiiilur, 

iMtllWMV 

i  til  uiii: 
I'M'iti'iii 


tl 


I  ! 


1 : 


i'  ! 


I:  ' 


T!IR    ISLANDS  OF  TIIR   INDIAN   AND   KASTKKN    SEAS 


227 


uikI  incoiiveniciu'i'  cimiliiiied  led  liiiii  to  tittiT  tlic 
ilissalislii'il  siiiniils  wliicli  ilistiirli(Ml  the  ('iiiii|ii)sin'o 
of  liiv  lioi'si^  On  seeiiiij  us  Imit,  tlic  i'lcpliiiiit 
niii-oil  lii^  liciul,  ri'coiiiioitivil  uh  tor  a  moment, 
ilirn  lliinff  down  tlii'  timlicr  anil  forced  liiniselt' 
liackwiirds  iimonj;  the  Id'iisliwood,  so  lis  to  leave  a 
iiassau'e,  of  wliicli  lie  ex|ieeted  ns  to  avail  ourselves 
.Mv  lioiw  still  hesitated  ;  lheele|>hant  olisiTved  it,  and 
im|ialiiiitly  thiaist  himself' still  (leeper  into  the  .iinii,'le, 
repe.itiiii,'  ills  erv  of  'IJrniph  ;'  hut  in  a  voice  evidently 
ine.int  to  encoui'age  us  to  come  on.  Still  the  horse 
iiTUihled,  and,  ausious  to  ohserve  the  instinct  of  the 
I \\o  sa,'acioiis  vri'atiires,  I  fonhnre  any  interference  ; 
a"ain  the  elephant  wedgeil  himself  further  in  anion;; 
I  lie  trees,  and  w.iited  iinpatieiitly  for  ns  to  pass  him, 
anil  alter  the  horse  liaddont^  so,  timidly  and  tremlilin^fly, 
I  siw  the  wise  creature  stoop  and  take  up  his  lie.ivy 
liurtheii,  trim  and  halance  it  oil  his  tusks,  and  resume 
his  route,  lioarsel  siiortiiii(,  lus  hefore,  Iii,s  di.scoiitt'lited 
remonstrance," 

So  couvei'saut  are  tlu'  ii.itives  with  tin'  structure  and 
'•piiints"  of  till!  elephant,  that  they  divide  them 
readilv  into  castes,  and  desciilie  with  particularity 
their  distiiicti\e  excellencies  and  ilefects.  I'!lepliaiits  in 
Cevloii  are  occisioiially  spotted,  hut  rarely  of  that 
moihiil  ll'sli  colour  which  has  lieen  honoure  I  liy  the 
name  of  '■  white."  A  white  elephant  is  mentinui'il  in 
the  .\lnliiiiriiii!«t  as  formiiiii  jiart  of  the  rcitinue  altacheil 
to  the  temple  of  the  Tooth  at  Aiiarajapuora,  iu  the 
tilth  century  hefore  Christ  ;  but  it  commanded  no 
reli'jiius  veneration,  and  like  tho.se  of  the  kiiiijs  of 
Siam,  it  was  tended  niendy  as  an  (Miihlem  of  royalty  ; 
the  s  ivereign  of  Ceylon  heing  not  iiiap[iropriately 
nddressed  a,s  the  "  Lord  of  Klephants." 

'i'he  favourite  resort  of  the  Ceylon  elephant  is  the 
miiuutain  top,  and  nut  the  sultry  vaUey.s.  In  Uvah, 
where  the  eh'\ated  plains  are  often  crisp  with  the 
morning  frost,  and  on  I'cdro-tall  i-galla,  at  the  height  of 
upwards  of  S,()()(J  feet,  they  are  found  in  herds; 
whilst  the  huiiti'r  may  seaM'li  for  them  without  success 
iu  the  Jiingh's  of  the  low  country.  Their  sight  is 
limited,  hut  the  sense  of  smell  is  acute.  Tlu^  .sense  of 
hearing  is  also  very  dclii-atc,  and  they  have  a  variety' 
of  iioi.ses  (jr  calls,  hy  means  of  which  tlit^y  communicate 
with  one  another  upon  all  emergencies.  'I'hey  do  not, 
in  Ceylon,  attain  a  height  of  ahove  iiiim  feet,  and  the 
ordinary  herds  do  not  'iveiage  more  than  eight,  A 
herd  is  a  faioily,  not  a  i,|-oup  of  elephants,  whom  acci- 
dent or  attachment  may  have  induced  to  a.ssociate 
together.  The  iiumhers  of  these  herds  fluctuate  very 
slightly,  and  hnnlers  in  pursuit  of  them,  who  may 
chance  to  have  shot  one  or  more,  always  reckon  with 
certainty  the  precise  mimher  of  those  remaining.  One 
memlicr  of  a  herd,  generally  tlu;  largest  and  most 
powerful,  is  hy  common  consent  imiilicitly  followed  as 
a  leader 

As  the  shooting  of  an  elephant,  whatever  en  liiranci! 
and  admitness  the  sport  may  disjilay  in  other  respects, 
rcipiiics  tin'  smallest  jiossihle  skill  as  a  marksman,  the 
Iiumhers  which  are  annually  slain  in  this  way  may  he 
regarded  as  evidence  of  the  multitudes  ahounding  iu 
those  parts  of  Ceylon  to  which  they  resort.  One  ollieer. 
Major  Uogers,  who  was  himself  ultimately  killed  hy 
lightning,  killed  upwards  of  120(1,  and  he  Innight  his 
successive  steps  in  the  ariny,  from  a  suhalterii  to  a 
major,  wiili  the  value  of  the  ivory  ohtained  from  these 
Piiconiitei-s  ;  another.  Captain  (iidlway,  has  the  credit 
of  .slayinc  more  than  half  that  nuinher  ;  Major  Skinner, 


now  the  c<pmiiiissioner  nf  rnads,  almost  Of  many, 
and  less  persevrring  a.-piriiits  t'ollow  at  hunililcr  dis- 
tances. 


iinlini,'   this   prodigiinis  ilestru''lioii,  a 
reward    of   a    few    •shillings  per    head    otferei 


iJut    llotwithst;, 


occa- 


-  „     per    liead    otlireil    hy    the 

(lovernment  for  taking  eliphaiits  was  cl,iimed  for 
;!.."i(M)  desliiiyed  in  ]iart  of  tlu^  northern  provime  alone, 
in  less  th.in  three  years  prior  to  18-lS  ;  and  lietween 
L'^ol  and  l^"-")!),  a  similar  reward  was  paid  toi-  :.',O0ll  in 
the  southern  province. 

Although  theic!  is  little  oppoituiiity  for  the  dis]ilay 
of  markmaliship  iu  an  elephant  hatlue,  there  is  mie 
feature   ill   the   sport,   as   corducled    in  ('eyliui.    which 

contrasts    favourahly  with    the   slangliter  I se  details 

clii'onicled  with  almost  too  great  minuteiii  -s  in  some 
recent  accounts  of  elephant  shooting  in  South  Africa, 
The  practice  in  (,'eylon  is  to  aim  invariahly  at  the  hc'ad, 
ami  the  sportsman  finds  his  safety  to  consist  in  Imlilly 
I  facing  tilt!  animal,  ndvancing  to  within  tifle.  ii  paces, 
I  and  Idilgiiig  a  liullet  either  in  the  temple,  nr  in  the 
!  hollow  over  the  eye,  or  in  a  well  known  -pot  imme- 
diately alii\c>  the  trunk,  where  the  weaker  structure  of 
the  skull  all(i;<ls  an  easy  access  to  \\w  lira  n.  The 
regii  ■.  of  the  ear  is  also  a  fatal  >pot,  and  often  resorted 
to  the  ]ilaces  inentioned  in  the  front  of  the  head 
heing  only  accessihle  when  the  animal  is  ••  charging." 
(JeiieiMlly  speaking,  a  siiig'e  hall,  planted  in  the  fore 
head,  ends  the  existeme  of  the  nohle  c.eature  instanta- 
neously, and  expert  sportsmen  have  heeii  known  to 
kill,  right  mid  left,  one  with  each  haiiel  ;  hut  occa 
sionally  an  elephant  will  not  fall  hefore  several  .shot 
have  heeii  lodged  in  his  head. 

When  free  in  his  iiatiie  woods,  it  is  to  he  remarked 
the  elephant  evinces  rather  simplicity  than  sagacity, 
and  its  intelligence  seldmn  exhihils  ii.self  in  cuniiiiig. 
The  rich  jirofnsion  in  which  nature  has  sujijiliid  his 
food,  and  anticijiated  his  every  want,  has  made  him 
iiide]iendent  of  those  devices  hy  which  carnivorous 
animals  provide  for  their  siihsistence  ;  and,  from  the 
aliseiice  of  all  rivalry  lietween  himself  and  the  other 
denizens  of  the  jilains,  lie  is  never  reijuired  to  resort  to 
artifice  for  self-jirotection.  For  these  reasons,  in  his 
trampiil  harmless  life,  he  may  a|ipear  to  casual  ohseiv  ci  s 
to  exhihit  even  less  than  ordinary  ahility  ;  hut  when 
danger  and  I'jiprcht  nsioii  call  for  the  exertion  <if  his 
powers,  those  who  have  witnessed  their  disjila}'  are 
seld  '111  inclined  to  undervalue  his  .sigacity. 

An  instanci!  is  related  in  which  a  recently  captured 
eleldiaiit  was  either  rendered  senseless  from  fear,  or,  as 
the  native  attendants  asserted  J'ritjneil  ileal/i,  in  order 
to  regain  his  freedom.  It  was  led  from  the  coiial,  as 
usual,  lietween  two  tame  ones,  and  had  already  pro- 
ceeded far  on  its  wav  towards  its  destination,  when 
night  closing  in,  and  the  torches  lieiiig  lighted,  it  hesi- 
tated to  go  on,  ami  finally  sunk  to  the  ground  aji- 
parently  lifeless.  The  fastenings  were  ordered  to  he 
removed  from  the  legs,  iiiid  when  all  attempts  to  raise 
it  had  failed,  so  convinced  were  all  that  it  was  dead, 
that  the  ropes  were  collecled  and  the  carcase  aliaii- 
done<l.  They  had  scarcely,  however,  taken  their  ile- 
parture  and  proceeded  a  few  yaid.s,  when,  to  their 
astonishment,  the  elephant  ro.so  vvitli  the  ntniost  ala- 
erilv  and  lleil  towards  the  jungle,  screaming  at  tlie  toji 
if  its  voice,  its  cries  heing  andih'e  long  afte"  it  had 
disappeared  in  the  the  shades  of  the  forest. 

.\lost  sportsmen  have,  with  the  intent  of  exalting 
their  own  prowess,  niisrepreseiiteil  this  most  harmless 
animal — exci'pt  when  a  "  rogue,"  or  a  female  depriv  ed 


ALL  ROUND  THK  WORLD. 


I 


of  hnr  ynnnff,  rtr  torrifiod  nml  irritiitcil,  iiiul  whldi  Mr. 
(inrddii  (,'niiiiiiifij;  liius  ilcsciilicil — as  \vi'('|iinn  liir;;i'  tciirs 
fnmi  llir  tiirturc  ititlictt'd  l>_v  showers  nf  Inillcts,  tciiriiij; 
li|p  its  llcsli  Hiid  ]ii'ii('triitiiij{  to  its  vitiilH,  us  "  wiviij^i.', 
Wiiry,  mid  revt'iigcful."  Sir  J.  H.  Trmmiit  lias  tOo- 
i|iii'Mtly  indicated  tli '  true  cliaracter  of  these  inali^ne(l 
i|uadrii]iudH.  Thi'ir  leiiioanoiir,  lie  siiys,  when  uiidis- 
tiirl)ed,  is  indicative  of  geiitK'iiess  and  timidity.  A 
few  iiri!  generally  browsing;  listlessly  on  the  troes  and 
jilatits  in  their  reach,  others  tanning  tlieiii.'ielves  with 
leaty  liraiii'he.s,  and  a  lew  are  asleep  ;  whilst  the  young 
are  jilaying  among  tlu^  )ierd,  the  emlilenis  of  innocence, 
as  the  older  ones  are  of  ])eaeefuliiess  and  gravity.' 

Thu  Working  Kle|)liaiitof  Ceylon,  which  forms  the  snli- 
jectof  our  illustration  at  ])age  224  was  sketched  from  the 
life  in  the  mountiin  district  of  Nuerrii-Klia,  <!,IM)()  feet 
nliove  the  level  of  the  sea,  hy  Count  Kinaniiel  Andiasy, 
R  Hungarian  nobleman,  w-ho  .saw  it  at  weak,  |ilougliiiig, 
imd  tlnis  describes  it.  "  The  sun  was  guiiig  down  and 
we  could  i)ercoive  in  the  |il.iiiis  the  natives  urging  on 
their  oxen,  fatigued  with  the  labour  of  the  day.  I 
dismounted,  thu  better  to  examine  the  scene,  and 
sketched  it  off  in  my  .ilbum.  Clumps  of  earth,  covercil 
with  gi-a.ss,  were  tiirncil  over,  and  ilie  animal  went  so 
fast  that  tht^  woolly  headeil  NLalabur  who  guiilod  him 
could  .scarcely  hold  him  in.  Two  men  were  holding 
the  plough,  and  they  had  cpiite  enough  to  do  to  keej)  it 
from  leai)ing  out  of  the  furro  v."  'I'he  Count  adds  ii 
remark  worthy  of  more  ])articular  attention.  "  1  am 
astonished,"  he  says,  "  that  emigiMiits  troin  (icrmany 
and  Irelaml  .should  go  to  America  and  tli  ■  Cape  ot 
(iood  Hope,  whilst  Niicrri-Klia,  with  its  pure  atmo- 
sjihere  and  its  favoured  soil,  a  country  that  would  hold 
the  half  of  Ireland,  presents  a  place  for  colonisation, 
and  so  extremely  fertile  and  so  much  more  agri'eabhi.' 

The  reader  will  now  be  better  able  to  a]>preciate  the 
following  sparkling  account  of  elephant  shooting  in 
Ceylon,  which  we  borrow  from  a  continental  source. 
The  nirrtit'r  is  a  certain  Count  Horace,  to  whose 
birllip  ■   ]iarentage   we  would  as   willingly  bear 

testiiii'  1  his  veracity. 

"1   .  ai.  .  2eu   three  months   in  Ceylon,"  says   the 


<  One  of  these  elcphnnt-shootinp  stories,  told  by  n  writer  hi 
"  Kra.ser'it  Miigiizini',"  for  December,  IHCO,  is  of  h  elmrauter  to 
iiiiliice  relleetioii  in  the  hiiiiiiine.  "  After  liaving  tracked  up  the 
herd  ef  eleiiliauts  f.ir  .some  miles  tliroui;li  the  forest,  we  heard  tlie 
welcome  sound  of  a  deep  roar,  apparently  iit)out  a  (pinrter  of  a 
mile  distant,  and  hurryio);  up,  we  found  a  small  herd  ot  five,  all 
standinj;  close  tojjetlier.  The  largest  si)eedily  answered  to  an 
njipeid  fioni  the  bij;  riHe  by  sinkiiij;  on  its  knees  in  tbe  plneid 
slee])  of  dcatli.  A  seeonil  was  soon  jilaeed  in  a  similar  position 
after  a  sliiirp  chase,  but  the  remainder  dashed  into  so  imprac- 
ticable aelumpof  thick  'wait  a  bit'  tborw,  that  it  was  im- 
]iossible  to  follow  them  ftiitber,  and  we  tberefijro  n traccil  onr 
steps  to  secure  tbe  tails  of  those  we  had  killed.  Uy  the  side 
of  both  we  found  a  very  little  eb'pliant ;  one  had  only" been  born 
a  few  lionis  l'iH)r  little  beasts !  It  was  pidiifnl  to  listen  to  their 
prolonj-ed  niarinj;.  They  were  hideous  little  creatures,  with 
blcKHlsbot  e\es,  and  rather  a  malijinant  expression  of  ccanitenauce. 
Their  tnniks  were  quite  out  of  pri>porti(ui  to  tbe'.r  budies,  biiuj; 
not  more  IIkui  n  foot  and  a  half  in  Icuifth,  and  taperiiift  nlinost  to 
u  ix)int  W'c  tied  tbem  up  with  '.jungle  grass'  (Han/cslniii 
scandens),  a  tougb,  stroni;  creeper,  and  tried  to  lirinj;  them  both 
into  camji,  but  the  ynnuL'est  soon  gave  in,  and,  as  it  would  have 
died  of  starvation  had  we  left  it  to  it-elf,  wo  thought  it  more 
inereiful  to  jiut  an  end  to  its  existence.  The  other  gave  us  no 
trouble  at  all,  bevond  iKvasionallv  ebarging  tbe  gun  bearers.  It 
trotted  briskly  along,  and,  provided  the  r.ip  of  its  tnnik  was  almvo 
water,  did  not  mind  emssing  s(une  rather  deep  streams  which  lay 
iMJtweeu  Ui  and  camp,  twelve  miles  distant.  Its  arrival  there 
created  eonsidendde  excitement  among  the  servants  and  co.ilies, 
under  whose  care  it  »oou  became  reconciled  to  its  change  of  lilc." 


r^oiint,  "  lodged  in  tlio  Mansion  House.  I  was  reclining 
one  morning  in  my  beil,  contemplating  that  splendid 
sea  into  which  tlieKanges  |ionrs  its  waters,  when  a 
friend  of  mine — a  nephew  or  pupil,  1  am  not  <piito 
sure  wiiieli,  <jf  Sir  Robert  iVel — came  into  my  louni. 

"What  good  wind  brings  you  here  this  morning,  .Sir 
William  /"  1  luskt^il. 

"  You  are  a  s|Kirtsman  !  Will  you  join  tis  to- 
morrow in  an  elephant  hunt  V 

"An  eleplmiit  hunt  !      How  long  W(uild  it  last  /" 

■'Heven  or  eight  days.      JIavo  you  any  arms  (" 

"Oh  yes  ;   J  have  my  rilh'." 

"That  won't  do.  Ycui  must  have  tliree  double 
barrelled  rille.s,  or  I  won't  answer  for  your  life.  " 

•' Ihit,  my  dear  friend,  what  sbidi  1  do  with  such  an 
arsenal  !" 

"Oh,  don't  trouble  yourself  about  tlint ;  the  atten- 
dant:: will  see  to  your  ariii.s.  1  will  j)rovide  what  is 
necessary  for  you," 

The  sun,  I  must  tell  ycui,  is  awfully  juinctual  in 
Ceylon.  It  always  gets  ii]i  nt  .six,  and  goes  to  bed  at 
six  the  whole  year  round.  It  conus  and  goes  (Uit  like 
a  thish  of  lightning.  I  was  lendy  and  mounted  wliilst 
it  was  still  dark.  At  Sir  AViliiam's  1  toiind  four  or 
five  of  the  party  already  n.s.'^endjh  d  ;  oibers  were  to 
join  us  on  tbe  way.  Our  route  lay  along  tbe  banks  of 
a  splendid  river,  wide  as  the  Seine  nt  I'oiu  ii.  'i  he 
roaii  was  shaded  with  the  most  varied  and  ningnificent 
vegetation.  Crossing  a  bridge,  we  were  Joined  liy  four 
more  sportsmen.  We  were  thus  eleven  in  all,  and  as 
each  had  three  or  fotir  attendants,  th('  wliole  party 
amounted  to  some  tilty  ]ielsens. 

One  attendant  walkfd  at  the  lieiul  of  rnch  horse, 
another  in  the  rear.  Tlie  first  was  to  In^ld  tlie  horse, 
the  latter  to  keep  off  the  flics.  'Ili(y  did  not  use  the 
fan  for  themselves — the  natives  are  never  liot. 

Our  first  station  was  a  tenijile  of  Iluddha — a  very 
holy  .spot,  as  it  contained  one  of  tlie  tiisks  of  the  sacred 
elephant.  'J'liis  relic  is  .'<>  much  ii.ore  jirecious,  ns  the 
( 'eylonese  elephants  have  no  tusks.  '1  he  tooth  of  the 
Siuno  animal  was  buried  tt  n  leagnes  deeji  in  the  ground 
beneath  a  neighbouring  eujiola,  wliich  exactly  resem- 
bled lialf  an  egg. 

The  further  off  wo  left  the  town,  the  less  pojiulati'd 
was  the  country;  at  tlie  same  time,  living  things  be- 
came more  numerous.  i!\erv  now  and  then  gigantic 
lizards  were  seen  by  the  roadside,  lifting  ti])  their  flat 
heads  or  fore  feet,  and  jnishing  forth  a  tongue  six 
inclies  in  length.  Simkeswero  also  seen  gliding  in  tlie 
grass. 

On  the  same  afternoon  we  arrived  at  Potsaye,  where 
we  dined  and  slept,  starting  early  next  morning  on  tlie 
road  to  Nuerra-F.lis.  'i  he  read  hud  now  become  so 
narrow  throiigb  jilantation.s,  that  only  one  horseiiian 
could  jiroceed  at  a  time,  and  beyond  the  jiliintations 
wo  came  to  jungle  intcis]iei>ed  with  rocks.  There  wo 
first  met  with  monkeys.  I  shot  one,  and  never  did  I 
regret  a  thing  more.  1  have  killed  two  or  three  ad- 
versaries in  duels,  but  I  never  felt  what  I  di<l  in  enn- 
tem])lating  the  agony  of  that  caricature  of  a  man 
called  a  monkey. 

Shortly  afterwards  we  arrived  at  a  cofTce  ])lantatinn, 
in  the  centre  of  which  was  a  haliifcition.  Sir  AVilliam 
clapped  his  hand.s,  and  an  attendant  made  his  a])pc!U°- 
ance 

"Whoso  house  is  tliis  ?"  iii(|uired  Sir  William. 

"Sir  Andrew'.s,  "  was  the  reply. 

"Is  he  at  home  i" 


I  wftsri'cliniiig 
[,'  tlmt  sj>lci](Ii(l 

WlltlTM,  «1|C|1    II 

am    not   i|iiitu 
iiitd  my  I'liiiiii. 
Ills  mi)iiiiiij»,  Sir 

nil   join    US    to- 

ilil  it  Inst  (" 
ly  uriiiH  (" 

tliri'c  iloulilf- 
iiir  lit',.." 

iu  with  slR'll  III! 

!"iit ;  tlic  attcii- 
inivide  wliiit  in 

ly    iniiictiiiil   ill 

f.'(H'S   t(l   llfd   lit 

III  <;iics  (lilt  like 

IlKIIllltf  (1  wliijst 

(oiiiiii  (liur  (pr 
<iil](is  wire  to 
If.'  ti;e  liiiiiks  of 
t    IlolU  II.       'Jli,f 

mil  iiiiifiiiificcut 
joined  ]<y  four 
I  ill  iill,  iiiiil  na 
le  wholo   ]iaity 

of  each  liorse, 
Ik'IiI  tlio  lior.-io, 
'id  not  use  tlio 
•r  liot. 

iddliH — a  very 
s  of  the  sacred 
irceioiKs,  as  the 
le  tooth  of  the 
in  the  ground 
exactly  i-esein- 

le.ss  pojiulated 
injf  things  lie- 
then  gigantic 
;  nj)  their  flat 
a  tongue  si.\ 
gliding  in  tlio 


.  -» 
J 


(it.saye,  whei-o 
oriiing  on  the 
w  heeonie  so 
one  horseman 
L'  j)lantations 
?.  1'here  we 
never  did  ] 
or  three  ad- 
I  did  in  con- 
e  of  a   niau 

'  ]»lantatinii, 
Sir  Wiiliiim 
'  his  apjieiu'- 


lliam. 


m 


I!  I 


'     I 


f'l 


I  i 


•%i^ 


^ 


n; 


V 


H 


M 


THE  ISLANDS  OP   THE   INDIAN   AND   EASTERN    SEAS. 


329 


111  iiiiswcr  t(i  tlif  iinnmiiicoiiiPTit  tlint  tlio  liost.  was 
iilisiMil.  Sir  Williiiiii  I'Diitt'titril  liiiiiscif  with  ordering  ii 
repast  fur  lit'ty,  unci  we  took  u|>  our  i|iiiirtci's  tlific  till 
the  Wciliicsdny.  In  this  way  hos[)itality  is  luiiotiscd 
in  (\'ylon. 

Till'  lu'xt  (lay  we  lnvakfastcd  at  NuciTarElia,  ami 
asi'cndini;  amidst  rock  ami  jinii;lt",  rciudu'il  Eli'|ili:int's 
Plain  the  siinic  evcniii;;.  I'lilnckilv  ii  storm  oainc  on, 
and  we  had  to  take  rcfniit-  in  a  waysido  hut,  with 
iiotliiiij;  lint  11  t'l'w  liisciiits  for  snii)«'r. 

This  tinif  Count  Horai't'  rcj^rcttod  ho  had  not  kopt 
the  nionki'v.  It  was  youiit;,  and  niii^ht  have  liecn 
tiMidi'r.  .Fu|iitt'r  Toiians  kept  walking  aliotit  all  ni'jlit 
at  aliont  twenty  feet  distance  ovci  their  heads,  and  no 
one  j,'ot  even  a  wink  of  sleep. 

Next  morning  it  was  resolved  to  comnicneo  sport 
ill  earnest.  It  was  no  longer  a  matter  of  ainuseineiit  ; 
it  was  a  i|uestion  of  ahsolute  necessity.  The  dogs 
were  let  loose,  the  attendants  dispersed  over  the  jungle, 
mid  tlie  gminers  followed  close  upon  their  track.s. 

Scarcely  tive  niinntes  had  elapsed  ere  tin  dogs  gave 
tongue,  lint  without  stirring  from  the  s|iot.  Whatever 
it  was  it  did  not  leave  its  lair. 

I  hastened  to  the  spot  where  the  dogs  were  con- 
gregated, making  a  fearful  noise. 

"Take  care,"  shouted  Sir  William,  "  It  is  a  tiger  '" 
1  must  acknowledge  that  the  information  nailed  me 
to  the  spot.  I  had  often  heard  tigers  talked  alioiit, 
and  alwavs  in  the  mo.st  unfavouraMe  maii.ur.  lint  I 
lie.ii'il  at  the  .same  time  my  coiii|ianious  advancing  on 
all  sides,  and  cutting  their  way  through  the  jungle 
willi  their  hunting  knives.  I  knew  that  I  was  nearest 
to  the  animal,  and  I  did  not  like  lieing  superseded,  j 
A  lieavv  perspiration  liedewed  my  forehead,  so  I  re-  ' 
jieatcd  the  words  of  Henry  IV. 

"  .Ml,  carcase,  voii  trenilile  !  Well,  I  will  give  you 
.something  to  trenilile  for."  j 

So  saying,  I  rushed  forward,  and  in  a  step  or  two  '  pi; 
stood  face  to  face  with  the  wild  lieast.  'I'he  tiger  iii.idc 
a  movement,  as  if  to  receive  me  after  his  own  titshion. 
Luckily  two  great  dogs  held  it  liaek,  one  hy  the  throat, 
the  other  liy  the  ear  ;  three  or  four  luoredogs  had  liold 
of  it  liehiud.  Others  kept  harking  at  the  distance  of 
a  ivw  ]i;n'es. 

The  head  of  the  animal,  ilrawn  on  one  side  liy  the 
dogs,  still  sought  to  turn  towarils  me,  lus  if  instinct 
t.ilil  its  owner  that  the  greatest  danger  lay  in  that 
i|iiai-tei'.  The  tiger's  yellow  eyes  .shone  with  the 
histre  of  carliuncles,  and  a  furious  foam  liatlied  its 
open  mouth,  exposing  in  the  rear  two  rows  of  formida- 
lile  looking  white  and  sharp  teeth.  I  began  liy  tixitig 
the  animal.  I  knew  that  .so  long  lis  a  man  has  the 
courage  to  meet  the  I'yes,  bo  it  of  a  lion,  tiger  or 
imntlier,  he  inllneuces  it.  But  let  the  look  waver,  and 
he  is  lost. 

I'he  voices  of  my  eompanioiis  were  getting  nearer 
and  nearer.  There  was  no  time  for  hesitation, 
unless  I  chose  to  be  lo.st.  So  taking  my  hunting-knife 
in  hand,  I  went  straight  tip  to  the  tiger,  without  ever 
ipiitting  its  eye,  and  then  with  the  tiampiillity  which 
iharacterises  me  when  1  have  once  made  up  my  mind, 
I  plunged  my  knife  up  to  the  hilt  immediately  behind 
the  shouMi'r  blade. 

'i'he  animal  made  such  a  violent  plunge  that  it  drew 
the  weapon  out  of  my  hand. 
]  leaped  aside. 

Once  more  the  tiger  made  an  cfl'ort  to  bound,  but 
the  dogs  still  held  it  fa.st.     It  then  rolled  over,  and 


in  a  moment  wa.s  covered  with  the  dogs,  who.  at. 
this  signal  of  its  agony  simultaneously  rushed  in  on 
all  sides. 

At  this  crisis  Sir  William  came  up.  Lashing  away 
at  what  a]ipeared  to  be  a  |iyramid  of  dog's  tails,  lie 
soon  cleared  a  way  to  the  tiger, 

"Whose  is  the  knife!"  he  exclaimed,  dragging  ii 
forth  from  the  wound. 
"  Mine,"  I  answered. 
"  IJravo,  for  a  lieginning." 

"  Kxctl.se  the  faults  of  the  author,"   I   ventured  to 
remark,  as  I  wiped   my    knife   with   my  pocket-hand 
kerchief  and  replaced  it  in  its  scabbard. 

All  this  was  done  with  a  simplicity  which  earned 
for  me  the  niialiimous  praises  of  all  present.  llung"y 
as  we  wer(>,  we  could  not  eat  a  tiger,  so  barely  tive 
niinntes  had  elapsed  after  its  death  when  we  were 
once  more  in  the  jungle.  Another  five  minute.^  and 
the  dogs  gave  tongue  again  ;  but  this  time  the  noi.se 
moved  away  rapidly. 

"  A  .stag,  gentlemen,"  exclaimed  Sir  Willi.iin,  "  our 
dogs  have  found  tis  a  breakfast,  (h't  ready  the  jacks 
and  the  gridirons ;  there  will  lie  enough  for  every- 
body." 

Suddenly  the  noise  ceased. 

"  tiood,"  eontimied  Sir  William;  "the  ai.imal  is 
run  down.  Ah  !  they  are  s|ilendi(l  (higs,  my  dear 
Horace;  I  believe  they  would  fetch  up  a  hippopotamus 
from  the  bottom  of  the  (laiiges.  Let  us  to  the  bca.st, 
gentleiiien — to  the  game." 

This  time  Sir  William  arrived  tirst,  ; 
got  up  he  was  wiping  his  hnntiiig  l.nil'e. 
stag  lay  at  his  feet,  breatliing  its  last. 
and  attendants  alike  shouted  with  joy. 
truly,  as  he  .said,  enough  for  everybody, 
ants  .set  to  work  at  once,  digging  holes,  lighting  lircs, 
and  extemporisi'ig  spits  of  iron  wood.  These  weii' 
ilaccd  on  [loles.  stuck  crosswise  in  the  ground,  and 
two  attendants  turned  tlieni  louiid,  one  at  each  end. 
.N'otwitlistanding  their  indillcreiice  to  heat,  they  had 
to  be  changed  every  five  minutes.  As  to  the  otliil,  it 
was  put  into  another  hole  and  covered  with  live  embers, 
and  these  ag.iin  wil'li  dry  wood. 

In  less  than  an  hour  we  were  at  work,  and  wine, 
rice,  and  biscuits,  made  the  comiiliMiient  of  one  of  the 
most  (h'licioiis  meals  I  ever  partook  of. 

Our  repast  (iiiished,  we  mounted  our  horses  and 
took  the  direction  of  ISinteuiid.  Itis  between  liinteniid 
and  liadiila  that  most  elephants  are  met  with.  At 
le.ss  than  a  mile  distance  from  where  we  had  lunched 
the  road  makes  a  bend.  At  this  turning  our  horses 
began  to  exhibit  symptoms  of  anxiety.  As  to  the  oiio 
I  rode,  it  got  obstinate,  and  neither  spur  nor  whip 
tonld  get  it  to  take  a  step  farther. 

"  It  scents  an  elephant,"  said  my  liorsekeeper,  taking 
it  by  the  bridle,  while  1  jumju'd  down,  and  rille  in 
hand,  turned  the  corner.  My  keeper  was  in  the  right, 
for  not  a  hundred  paces  off  I  saw  an  elephant.  It  was 
attached  io  a  great  iron  roller,  which  it  was  dragging 
after  it  in  order  to  level  the  r<iad.  At  a  little  distance 
there  was  another,  with  its  keeper,  employecl  in  piling 
stones  for  a  parapet.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  although 
such  mistakes  have  occurred,  roadster  elephants  and 
mason  elephants  were  not  c.onsidi'red  to  be  legitimate 
game,  so  we  continued  our  way  to  IJintennd. 

Aifived  at  Hintennd  we  had  to  leave  orir  horses 
and  to  cut  oui'  way  through  the  jungle  This  was  in 
pursuit  of  elephants  whose  traces  had  been  discovered 


ind  when  we 

A  gigantic 

Sportsmen 

There  wa.s. 

The  atteml- 


I  i 


li 


J:! 


|l'   ' 


: 


•i:W  ALL   ROUNO   TllK   \Vt^KLl>. 

1>\     tlic    i\n(ivi>s    s.iiuo    liu'i    ]>rr\  i.Misly        1'i-.is;ii'hs    \v:\(i  '        TlliMl    i';\Uin'j;  t.>    my  ;\tti'licl:)l\t'<    In   runic   :tli'ii!;  «  n  I, 

vi'iv    ki)i<>riiiiis  ■     lliiMv    "i'r<-    Ml. Illy    two    li':ii;ui>s    <i1'  tli(- s|i,iiv  nlli-i.  1  nislif  I  l.  Lni'  llic  i'li|ilrinN      1  iniilil 

jiilii:li"  to  iMit  on(>'s  «  n  tlir.iii:;h        At  Icuatli  wo  .-ivrivril.  li:n  o  soii;jlit  sliclloi-   ln'liiii.l    ;i   li-oi-.    Imt    1  ili    iiiiuil   lo 

aliiio-.!  linvilliloss.  at    :\  •iiii.ill.  roiiiiil  sp.u'o,  almiil    twii'c  iivail  iiiy-iOt'  of  suili  n\\.  :\\\A    lo.ik    up  ui\    pi  loo  n\  tin' 

.•i>  l;irir<'  .IS  till-  t'oni  Mall  111  r.tii<,  wliirli  imil  only  lio.'ii  mid.  Ho  ot'  tlio  ;iatli      As  t.>  my  nttnnlinl'^,  lli.v  .li.iKi;,',! 

n-viitly  lot'l  liy  tliooli'pli.iiits       Kv.  rytliitis;  WiW  ti->iii<lMi  oo'iiir    liko    oaiiiolooiis.        Krom    lil.iok    tins     L;r.olualK 

ilovvii  l\v  llio  liiilkv  woiijlit  ot' ttio  aiiim.ils.  «lio  liail  iiiailo  lioi-aiiu'  i;ra\  ;   oiilv  one  sii-iiicil  vosoliilc 

lillor  oltlio  trunks  ottroos  "  Lot  tlios(>\vlio  at'i'  tViijIitonoil  uro  awiv."  I   ■-aiil  .  aiiil 

I'll,  ri'   wi'iv    t».>   -.i.io  pitliways   in  tlio    juiit;!"'  .    tlio  1  tolil    tlio   iiioro  o.iiira;;ooiis  om-  to  t.iko  a    iillo   in  ..a.  li 

III  III.  vopiniti'.l  into  two  lianiU,  liaii  ;;.>tii'  otV  in  (lillcioiit  liaml  aiul  to  staiul  l>y  iiio.      Tlio  otlioi'-  ili'<appoaroil   in 

.lirooti.iiis.  1  lio  iiin!;ii' 

Wo  st.>ppo.|  vli.>it   .    w  I-  lia.l  ai '■  voil.  I     ha.l     my    oy.'    (iv.'.l     iip.>n     tlio    i-.>l..-.snM's  :     ilnv 

Sir  Willi  im.  wIm  was   iii.>r.'   t'oiiiii:ir   witli   olopliant  a|ipi',ir.ii    t.i    mo   to    I'o    r<\il   m.i'-lo.l.'n--       W  lion   lli.v 

liuni  ins;  I  liati  aiw  lit' iH.  imp  n  toil  liis  final  m^^ti  not  ions  woro   not   inoiv  than  tliiity  paoos  I'loni  n~.    I    t.>..k    aim 

riioso  liii-ootions    woiv   moii'    partionlai  ly  a.l.lris^oij    to  at   tlio  y.uiii!:   oiio  ,    it    w;is    Irotlins:;   al.ni:;    L.twioii    i(,< 

■-.imo  as   iio\  i.'os  in  tlio  art        I   listonoil    to    Iniii    willi  a  inanimy  ami  its  ilail 

|.ills.»tioii   111    mv  oai's.  will,  li  tolil  iiioNi'iv    piaiiii\    that  I    piilloil    tlio   tviiisjov,   ami   slio    just    stasrixoroil    as    i|' 

my  Mooii  was  not  in  Us  ..r.linary  ooniiili..ii  .iiuiik.  ami   tlioii    loll    liko  a    lioavv     iiioit    miss       Tlu- 

1    must   a.'kn.iwlo.l.^o    tliat    1    liail  l.con    tonilioil   on  moilii'v  utloti'il   a  t'oart'ul  oiy      a    ji.iront's  oi  \      at  ..n.o 

i-oiitompl  ttiU!;  tlio  oviiloiioos  ot' ilostrnolion  aroniul  iiu',  ■;■.  .o\  ons  ami  tliroaloniiiir,  ainl   tlioii   stoppo.t   to  lil't  up 

ami  1  0.111I1I  not  liolp  asking  iiiysolt"  why  it  iiiiiu-  ii  nion'  Inv  ollspiiii;; 

pisrmv.    w  lioso    t'lvit.stops    i.iil\    lioiiil    tlio    jjinss.    which  llio  tailiov  riisliiil  at  moat  01100. 

laisos  iisolt' up  .-i^aiii  tthon  lio  has  pis-oil      sliouhl  ooiuo  W  lion  lio  w.as  w  illiiii  si\   ji.i.os.   |    plaiiii.l   a   I'.ill   in 

ami  att;..k  nionstoiN  that  .  1   .-li   t  .r.  si,  nn.lor  tlioir  toot  his  t'orohoail. 

:uiil  tii'ol  il.nvii  tri>os  novoi   1.1  riso  au-iin.  (\>nioil  awa\  li\  his  imp,.tiMsit\ ,  h,>  «,.n(  ,.ii  l.o\,.ti.| 

Sir  William  li:i.I  slain  s-  \  ..[•  so\i  11  hun.ir.  .1  olophants  1110      1  ha.l  stippo.l  on  ono  siilo.  aiiil  w  lino  iLiino  so  ha.l 

lio  ha.l  kopi  a  roo.int  iipi..  In.'  loiii.iro.l  .   lii'\.>ti.l  that  j,'.'!   iin.illnr   rillo.      Tho  oolossns  atlomptoil    to  itiihu 

ho   hi. I    i;i\.ii   lip  I'liiinio.aiiii'.;   his    Mv'tmis.      Ho   ha.l  np.'n  1  is  stops,  hut  in  iloiiis;  so  'no  stiimMo.l       S....11  his 

ui'vrr  mil  with  hat  .'a.'  a.'.i  lout.,  whon.  haxiiisi  liroii  at  himl  los^s  (oHowoil  tho  ovamplo  oC  his  t'oro  liml"   ;   ilion 

a  y.Miiii;  oiii'.   1I10  moihor   ha.l   iiisho.l   at  him  liol.iro  ho  ntloiiiiu'  .1  iloop  moan  that  lailo.I  oll'iiuo  a  si.^h,  hi'   loll 

.  .>iil.l   !j.  t  anoili.T  nil.'  t'nmi   a  iiinaway  aliiii.l.iiit.  1111. 1  .loa.l  ! 

ii.'i.l  t,-ikon  liiiii  up  ill  its  tviink,  only  thrown. 1;  him  .iw.iv  \t    this  ory   of  auony,  tho  t'omalo.   .■.l.an.l.iiiiiio;  h.-r 

1.1  rosist  tho  aooninnUti'il   aiii   that   hail  001110  up       Ho  y.'uns;  0110.  tnnioil  lowaiils  no 

li.iil  hoiii   1   iii.inth   lai.i    up,  an.l   «.is   iij.w.tnls  ot'  tw.>  It    oionrroil    to    mo    not    l.i    t.iko   ail\  iiil.i._'i'   of   li.r 

hi'toii-  ho  o.iiil.l  tako  a  I'ull  hroitli.  liaxiiii:  lior  hoa.l  in    Ir.ml.   .-is  sho  .■..in.-  .Lwn  iip..ii  m.' 

Woll,  Sir  William's   instrii.-li.'iis  wor.-.    that   wo  woro  I   wailo.l   till    tho  animal  w.is  ,>\,]\   («,>   ].,..s  ..if.    tlnn 

ii.1t  (o  sh...it  at  olophinls  with   lu^ks.'    th.  \  .iro   kin^s  ;  .iuiii]>ins:  a   littlo  on  ono  si.lo.  I  ].:a.o.l   m\  nllo  oloso  I.) 

ii.it    at   whiio  oloph.mts   -tho\  an-    holy.      Nor   was  it  Inr  oar,  ami  liro.l  olV  l'.>th  haiolsat  1  ii.-.' 

s.ato   to   sh.>..|    v.niiiir   oiophanls.    as    tho   m.iihoi    woul.l  Half  .if  tho  hoasl's  ho  nl  wont  in  In    ihosann    holo  ,is 

.  haivi'  I  111'  part \       .\s  t.i  slnLitinu;  tho  roi nail. .lor.  tin  iv  tho  .lisohari:o     INumIoi  .  LalK.  an.l  j'.ip.  r  sli.m  ..1  tho  wa\. 

was   oniy  onr   \  uliior.il.lo    |>oint.    an.l    that    was    in   tho  "  W  oil  !  "  1  ov.l.innoil.    "lot    ovoi\   ono  .1..  as  ninoli  : 

oontiv  ol   tho   t..rolio.iil.  «  horo   tluro  is  a  iloprossion  in  throo  ilophants  in  f.'Ui'  sliois      (  ',s/i,Ji  ' 

ihi»  .skull  al> 'lU  tho  ili  iniotor  of  a  man's  hat.      If  fairly  .Vn.l    lakiuij  mv  s.at  on   tho  \onno  ono    whi.h   was 

i.it.  thoanimal  woniil  l.o  killoil  at  oiioo ;  if  not.  if  woulil  ah.'iit  tho  si/o  of  a  hofso.   1  1. 10k  .'Ut  in_\  ti  ,,/<!■  ho.i-  an.l 

singloouf  Its  assiil.iiif  troiii  a  luimiri'il.  ami  oharjio  him.  liijhto.i  a  oiyar.' 
Tho   I'oint  was.   thou    to   aw.iit   tho  anini.il  till    if   \va.s 

within  a  fow  |iaoos.  thon  stop  hastily  on  on-.' siilo.  aiul  111.      N'lKt^vVK    1S|,\N0S 
;.'ivi'    it   anothor   hill    in    tlu'   oar.      .Vivonling  to   Sir 

v\  illiam.  this  was   tho  most  o.immoii  plaoo   proooo.liiio  Lkvvivo  (Vyhm  for  Madras,  iho  oxpo.iiiion  stayo.l  at 

inajrinaMo.      1    inw.ir.ily  n^s,,I\  o,l   to  .snr|>iiso  my  ooni  tho  l.itl.  r  pla.  o  fr.im  tho   .'Uiih   ..lay  ot   .lann.iry.    I.'^.i."^. 

p.iiiMiis   liy    ilomc   s>'mo   toat    that    wont    liiy..i'iil    tho  ''I'  ''»'  '"'1'  <'•'  Kohninrv,  vi-iliin,'  am  'in;  oihor  thim.'s 

i.istrnoli.il'is           "  ''"'  ^<^^''"  monolith   foiiiplos  .-it    \  .■il]..r.i  ;    on    tho    lOlh 

It  w.i.s  timo  t.i  niHko  up  my  niiiiil.  f.>r  tho  atfomlaiits  tho  liipiio  saih-.l  f.ir  tho  Nik.ih.-ir  isjau.ls 

"ol-o  slLnitiU;:  out  that  tho  olophants  wii-o  .'.niiina;  haok  Thon-   :i'o  fow   islan.ls  loss  known    llian  llioso   whioli 

I.,  us.      Soon  wo  hoai-il  what  appoaro  i   1,.  l.e  tho  .soiiml  ("""iix'^''    tho   so    oalloil     .\rilii]u>lav'ii    of    Nikohar.    or 

..f  :i   h.irrioaiio,    an.',   wo    foil    the  oarth    .piako    uinloi  Nu'ol.ar.  s.mlh  of  tho  Amlainau  islamls.  in  tho   |!a\   of 

on  r  foot  Hi'iivral.      Hamilf.in.  in  his  .n'oount  of'  tho  I'',  isi   Inilios. 

Ahout  fw-onty  olophants  wii-o  o..iui:i-  a' 'iitr  imo   of  <h's.  rihoil  f  ho  north  most  oliislor  .  .'illo.!  t  ho  ( 'arniool'.'irs 

tho   tunmls:  throe,  a  male.  •   foniale,  ami  n  youns:  iiio,  ^Kar  Nikoharl.  as  l..w.  ami    hy    ilioir  M.imly    f.i   tho 

wparatoil   a   lifll,'   fr.  11.  ih.   rost,       1   .shoutoa"oiit   to  Sir  Amkimans  w  ho  an- ihoir  g^.a!  ononiio.s  as   hut   thinly 


William  in  Eiit'ish.  "  1   leave  fho  tro.>p  to  yini  and  y.nir 
trioiids.     All  1  ask  is.  that  1  shall  have  those  fliroi ." 


inhahifi'd.       Tho    iiiiildlo    oluslor  are   fine   oh.impan.' 

gronn.l.   and    all   Inil    one   well    inh.iliitod.       Tlioy   aio 

oallod.  he  says,  tho  Somorora    Islands,  liooanso   on    the 

south  Olid  of  tho  l.-ifLrest  island  is  a  hill   thai   rosomhlo- 


1    Sir  .Uni.f  Vii..T«.in  Tennsm   sios.   "N,.!   .w.'l.'i.i.Knt   in  r  ,)„,  ,.,p  of  all  umlinlla  or  sonii'r<'ra.    (somhron.    a    hat, 

hiiii.insi  is  fund  «ilh  tiisk?  in  r«vl.>i..  nmi  tlie  low  1    ai   n.i«s,.ss       ,.   ,    .    , 1     ,  ,        .,        .  ,  .       ,1 

.,  1         1  I  V     .'.   „r    1    „.  ,.  ,    1.  ,.     ,1.  or  s..nil.rerer:t.  a  li;i'  oasi' )      .MkhiI   six  loaL'iies    to    the 

tn.'iii   iiri     pirluiiiveN    iin.i.-s.       >isr.\    nl..    Ii.'Xivit.    li:.vr   Ui.si'  1      •   •  1    1        1  1        ■!>   o 

sr'i.itiil  )irni>«i«.s,.  i.'hi.'li  nn- mll.'.i    -'1,.*^.,  nls.ut  tc-u  or  l»iUi'  soul  li  w  .ird  of  S.nmrora  Isl.m.l  lies  I  allain,' j.aiii,' ('!  illanj- 

nit'iii>  111  lriii.-tli.  ttiiil  one  or  two  iii  tliHiui'lvr.  hoi.ui.  tho  nninlialiilod  isl  in. I.  w  In  re  oii«  (.'aplain  Owon 


\u     hull'  :ls 

till'  w;l\. 

as  imu'li  ; 


TIIK   ISLANDS   OF  TIIK   INDIAN    AND    KASTIIJIN    SKA8.  2.11 

.<*  liiM  ship,  in  All    1  idS.  1. lit  till'  iiH'M  wiTi' nil  siivi'il,  j  sii'iil    (iirls    h,\,\    1 ,|    |irn\iiii:i(  iv.lv    rliiiiiii,iti..l,   niiil 

111   limliiiK   >>"    iiiliiiliitfiiils,    (lii'v    timilc   tiri'w   in   I  lie  ^  iitnoii','  llhs..  wimv,  iIimI     N,lllKiMll•l^lll.l    KMii..ilii    iiiv 
^li(.  iiMil  till"  ni'Xl  (liiy  llicn-  rniiic  live  iic  six   rmini'H  i  si'|i,iimIi'i|  liy  ii  Kliiiii,   imIIimI   S(.    ( ir.iri,'i''s,  wliifli   tiiniiM 


Iriiiii  NiMi;  .iMil  <ioiii\  (tiiiri),  (wr 


line  isl:inilH   t.liiil    lie  i  uni'  mI'iIk.  snli'sl.  li:ii-li( 


ulimil  lour  h".\'i 


Ill's  ti>  ll 


H'  \Vl"s(  W;llll    III    till'  lll'SI'lt    islllllll,    '    111     m11 


ill   liiiliii,  mill 


III    Wlllrll  sIllIlM 


si/i's  liny   l-iili-    Willi    till-   ir|-,M|(,,.<(,   siTinilv      slirl- 


ll    VI'IV 


rli'iiilsly  I'iirnril    (ln'    R)ii|iwl'i'rlM'il    liii'li    (n  1  ti'ii'il  IVulii  nil  wimls.       'I'lir  isLiiuls 


s  \vii(>  nlso  kiiiiwii  ti 


ilii'ir  isl.iiiils,  widi  wliil  lillli'  lliiiit;s  tliry  ImiI  savcil  nl'    In-  liilly,  anil  snim.  nl   Hii'  liills  In  allain  n   I'linsulriiililr 


tlii'ii-  a|i|)a 


111  ami  mil 


IT  iii'i'i'ssarii's. 


!  I'll 


■I'lh 


I' 


11'  raiilaill 


liail   savi'il    a    lii'iKiii    kiiili>   mImxiI     I'liiir  i  also  Kiihwii  <i 


anil    siili's   III     ll 


lulls    wi'ii) 


1   111'  ruvi'li'ij    Willi    I' 


inrlii's  Imiu;  in 


till'   Mail.' 


Ill    111'   liavini;  lai.l   it 


I  anil    tlial, 


iliiisi'h,   dial 


"'i.a   ami  ar.'ra   iialnis, 


lal    I'    was   sanl    tl 


slllilii 


li'sslv  liv,  mil'  "I'  till"  n  itiv.'s  maili'  Imlil  (n  (akr   it,   liiil.  j  cniilil  imt  pi'iii'l  lalr  tliiniiiili  tlicir  |iilia;,>i' ;  a'M  tn  whirl 
■  !iil  nut  iilli'r  ti>  liiili' it.      'I'lii' caiilain.  si'riiiir  liis  knili'     tl 


ii'si'  aic  iils.i   III 


III 


I, 

ly    ml.  rwiix  in    willi 
ipi'.ir  s|iiiii  liiyi'lliiT, 


ilii'iiltl 


(111'  piinr  native's   liaml.   tiiok    it.   Ii  an   liiiii.   ami   li.'  j  rattans  ami  liiisli  I'lpi',  that  tln-v  ai 

..IcivM'il  s.iiiio  kii'ksaml  liliuvsnn  hi  in  'nr  his  ill  nianni'i's.  ami  ri'mli'i'th.'se  wnmlsilai  k,  i  in  pel' vial 

wliii  ll    was   very   ill   taken,   I'nr  all    in   f;.'ii.'ial    slmweil  'I'll.'  Iriiit  ami  le.iM'-i.  falling  iIdwii,  ml  li.'lmv,  ami 
llii'V  were  ilissalislii'il  with  this  iietinn  ;  ami   the  .ship      trilait.'  to  I'.'inlir  llies.'  wmiils  alisnliitelv  pestilential   I 


wreiki'il  men  enii 


hi  III 


i\  eenlitcntiiinsarisinir  lietwe.'ti     an   iMirnp.'an  eiiii^t  itiitmi 


tlniii    wliii  hail   liefi'iemh'il   them   in   lirinu'iiiK   tln'iii   to  Only  ii  ti'W  trails  almii,'  tin 

their  isl.iml.  ami  nlliers  wlin  w('ri>  mil    .'nin'ei  neil  in   it.  '  the  soil  is  s.iiil  In   he   v.'iv    li'il 


le  eiiast    aie  eiilt  i\  ateil,  M'J, 


111-  ami 


lih 


ajLilile    I 


III 


'M'l'.  next  .lav,  as  the  captain  was  siHiiij,'  iimler  a 
ll 


ill    till 


iiri. 


le    li'iiils    Mini    vei;i'talili's  iil'    iiileit 


I  iliiiner.  there  e.inie  ahiiiil  a  ihizeii  nl  natives  In       eniiiit  rii's.        The    islamla   alreaily    .iliniiml    in     pui 


riipii 


.K  hii 


I,  ami  saliileil  him  on  everv  siile  with  a  slnnver     li  inaiias,  limes,  I 


taniannils,  lielel  niils 


ll    ll 


>t   ilarls  ma 


lie  III 


heavy 


liar.l 


Wl 


h  inleiieil  in  the  lire,   ami   sn  he  ovpir.-i 
lliiw  tar  ihi'V  hail  a  iniml  In   iinrs.ii'   lli 


mil,    with    (heir   pnilils     a    speeii's  of  lin 


III  a  iniiMient..  '  apple   ^r.iw,    like    the    eneua,    wilil    m    ihi'    w 


iiiil. 


■I'l 


le    main 


Is.   a'l 


it  kiiKwii,  as  their 
tl 


lielielael 


nil's. II'    their   resenlm.'iit 
the   rest,   anil 


Ills   RaM'll 


llii'ii 


pi  '^iia  III  over  I  hem  till  next  I  lav,  w  lien  I  hey  | 


ireseii 


ti'<l 


lis. 


itli  two  e  nines,  ami  piiltiiej;  ill  th.'in  snine  water 
1    iliv    tish,   (li.'v   intiniad'il   In 


their   Iriiits  are  ileserilieil    hy   ( 'nleiiii.iike  as  ileli.'idiis. 
'I'lie  wiinils  are  iiNn  .--aiil    In  iiintaiii    nnirli    limlier,   ail- 


niiralilv     snileil    I'm'    Iniililinn 


.1 


la  mils,    an 


llii'iii  lli.'lt   (hex    were  tn  ifn,  wliieli  niiler  iliey    were  lint       \ 


■ll 


,.lv 


\  mi;. 


Iti 


'    M.  Ill' 1.1  li 

vil'pill   luir^t     ill     llli'    tl 


'liillli'l.'  I  liil«  ili"*irili.'M  .11 1'  llii'.<i.  I  i'ii{iI.'mI  r..l'1'sl.i : 


111''    Sixteen     in    I'miiiianv,    lliev 


'pir-i,  ll'  ll   i's| 
IV  illili'iiiil  Ir.i II'  Kiinijii'iiii  I'.i 


■I  I'lllllV    111 


Mil'  I'l.ilii 


.iivi.liil   eiinallv,  ami    sleeve.l    their   emirse   fnr   .Im v       I'msi'il  im' trein  ni.v  Miiililiili.nii,  iiml  I  liilulil   In  lure  mi'  i 


Inaii.    iSaiiihilniiu*.    hill    nil    llie   way    mie  nl"  the   linat ' 

ilrnwii.'il,  111.'  nthei'  Imat' 


her  er.'w    w.'f. 


I'l'i'w   nlliiiia 


N 


leU    rearlieil    Malelinlipat 


iiii'.iinl  (niiirv  a 


I'l'ilesei  ihi'il  livthi'  sameaiilhmil  V  as 


'iiiy  I  wn  line  siniinl  h  islamls.  well  inhaliileil.  ami  pleiil  i 


h 

lulK   liiviiishi'.l  « 111 


itl  (.'ipialir  |ii'.i. 111. 'li. Ills.      I  111 
■ilii 


III'  lliii-l'  iifjl  1.11  Tl  lit 


:ll  lllr  1 


\vil.i    llli'    iiMiiii  |).4.'    Ii,tl,ih\    nil 

I'vlniiinliiiniy  liu'  Ini'.  t.iiiinl  in  llir  ';.iiiilin'  nnil  iiiNslei  imiH  li.ri".! 

lis  .'n.'iiiKiiis  Irrr, 


111    llli'  rliiii|i|iini"!.      I  ..1 1    ktill    111   iiilniiie    ll 

vliu'li  s|iriiii.->  Iniiii  a I    iTsinililiii^    lli.it    nf  ll.e  .iriiiiiniv  li,,- 


its  Wl 


i'^  >\  lull'  III 


Nil  I 


lirr,  n  li.i  li,m  I". 


Ill  M  li'W   yi'ill'H  il    111  III 

I'M  lylliai^',  «  li.i  ^iill 


IV,  hilt,  tl 


lere  aie  n. 


ll 
hnrse 


11  IsnC  irniiil   |i>li,  1 


mi's,  aiii 


I        V.'llliu'  \:    nil  1.1  ll'ini'  iu  M.,,,1  ||||,.M   lU  liiislii  ,  1  V    III,.  H,iv-i.|,..  ll 
'        .1...   .:  ..;  I   ..'...I   ....I      . .:.        ..  I    |.   .  .  .'     ,  ,     ■  .  ',   . 


s.  enws    sh.'i'li, 


p,    nr    U'li 


ill  lii-il  iiiiiv  '.::il  liir  It    nil. I  I'linn  it 


lli''>l,   Illli  lli-|>lMM'll  I 


m'liliis   111    rnirin: 


wihl  heasis  oraiiv  suit  lint  iiiniiki'>.s.      Thi'  natives     l.niiiilii's  nl'  tlii-iti 


till'    li-  ll 


llli'  riiiii 


11" 


'I'll! 


li.ivi'  11. 'idler  riie   iinr  pulse,  hiil    the   k.'rnel   nl   in 


ti'iitiK,  mill  tlii'ii,  t'liniiiii.;  11  ri^liI  mi^I 


111  r.illy   sjiiiii:,'  mil    li.n  i/..n',ilK    Innii  ils 


mils,    yams,   ami    pmatni'i 


iilis(i(ii(.'    (Ill 


iilrr;iilv    ini'iiliiiiii'il,  the   irre   is 


liv.    Ilul, 


'I'll. 


iliisler. 


it    Snnierera  were  ileserili.'.l  as  heii 


iir  .'mir- 


W  lll'll   till'  III 


ll'.llli  ll    is   Hl'llls    llll'l'l',  W 


vli. 


1',  rise  |ii  I'l'i mil.  II  ;,)lv 
■■jiiiiiL'y  anil  simiis  i  n.-ily,  niiil 


iinereial,    while   thnsc    nt'   (he   sniitheni  j  ,i;,i 


iliililv  111  I  llli  ll'  II  liln 


'  ll   t. .I'lii' 


lliii'll  III.'  Imlil 


till   llll^ll',    il    Willi 


iilil 


,ill  ,//, 


.,,  ,,/ 


nil  issii,.  Ir.i.ii  1 1,..  |T|.|.,  tiike  111..I  in  ilii.  rnrtli,  nml  ini  ri'iisiii 


iliii'h    the   e.mntry   is    iiime   nimnitaimais,     siniiiliiiiii.iiHlv  wi  h  tin' luiiiiili.  s,  iiir..ii|   tin.  i. 


-111 I    I. 


nneivil    am 


i     surly,    iiml    I.'sm      .\i-nnml  llm  lii'.' Ilin'..  nU.i   I'Mmiil.   nl    „   y,.,.„t    |„.,^i,,    ( 


1   liviln;  |,l.i|i. 


iiiiiiealiv.'  (iiaii  llins.'  tn  the  nnrthwaril. 


Till'    Niknhar    Islamls   have   hi 


le.'ii   il.'serilH'il    in    s^ivi-  1  ,1,,,   m, 
<lat 


till 
(jrminil,  iiiiliinil  sii|iii.i|.is,  wliicli  iniivn-^i'  1.1  lin.  miilill..  .,1  t|i,. 
Iniiili,      Kvi'i'ylliiii|r  lias  Ihtii  Innsi'i'ii  liy  Hie   liiint  Anliilnl  nl 


•I'll. 


IH'l'l      111'  till'    hiiHl,      is     illili'ili'l'iluilily    |.i 


ali.nil.  I'll" 

die  larijesl  is  Samlnlmi 


ks    nt"    intli'h    I  il.'r   ilat.-    as  .■mislstini;   nl      liiri's.|ni..     Witliin  tin'   sp sn Iiinnliiil  y;\ 

si. mils    nt'   innilerate    si/e.    ailliilli;st     wllii'h      wliirli  llii'si'yii;Miilii' li^  tri.|.siii'i'ii|iy,  mii' limls  •.•rntl 


ill 


ail  the  I  wn  mnsi  visi 


t.'.l    le 


I', 


iirniieiiis  are  ea 


lleil  Kar  Niknhar  ami    Naiikaiiri,   hi 


a  miiltilm 


it'  very  siii.'\l 


as  M't,  widinnt, 


rill,  Its 


I'Slllllll.S, 

nils   lliiimil  liy    III,. 

Ill  vi'-it;itiiin  is  iiii.i'i'  v.ilii'il  mill  exi  ni.lililim  u 

is  iiii|    mi   ii.i'li  111 


ii|iiii'liiii'iils,   .. 11.11    liii'iii-lii'il    with    iiiiliii'iil 

spi 


Till'  Iri'i'  I'li'iUlrlitly    ^;l'iius    iijkiIi  nlii'ie    tltrn 


oil'.;    l'...its  |.ll'ili;i;|i' 


,  wiiiil  rmiiii 


I  il^ 


ii-liH, 


ili^liiii't  iippellatimi,  that  is  tn  say,    w  linse   11,'iiiies   were     iiml  plniij;..  into  llie  iiili.ni.iii  sliiiim.      I'lns  iimsli  rpiiie  nt  nmii 


.1.  k 


Till 


\e  iKviiiialimi   ol   the   moil   was  san 


1   tl 


1  very  I'liiiiiiinii  ill  till'  IMiilippini'  I'mi'sN 


s(    eliiedy    in   Imihliiij;  ami   r.'pairiii"];  (heir  huts 


'I'lu'    llilllllll 


nl'  llli 


t'laiiiiiuiri'iiiis  Irilie,  ^'iinvs  ill  lliii'k  lulls 


(prnhalily   heeiuise  some    liail   heen    si'eii    so   oieiipiein,     ij.,,,,,,  „,|| 


ill  till'  wiHiiis,  nil  till'  liiiil,s  III   till'   I'ivi'i',  mill  wliei'.'v.T  il  liinls 


li>liiii!»  ami   trailiii'.;  to  (he  neielihmirinj;  islamls.     \\„,\ 


III  till'  I'liilippiiii'H  lliiy  ri'i'knii  twi'iily-tii 


I' 

^,  very   ilisliiirt    in   Inriii   anil   "i/.e.     Tin 


11'  are   sniiie 


nr    lllil'l) 

111   till 


iiii">  wer.' (I.'senlieil  a.s  ciiokilli;  ilinl   eiiltivaliiiL;     .1  nni'lir  nt' n  inmi's  Imily  ;    Ilie    Inillnvv   nl   uliieli  is  veiv   Imp'. 


111.'  u' 


I'nllll 


1.        Till 


slim 


tUiecHainl V  .'xist.'.l  with  rei'.inl      ""*  '*""'  '*  "'*''''  pariiiuliirly  Inf  tlie  rniislnii'ii.in  nt'  inliiiis,  nml 


In  the  relieinn  nt'  til.'  iialivos  as   with    r.'jjanl   tn   (lieii 

inh.'iliilants   ih 


ll  III  I' 


neiiip.'itimis,  sniiie  ass.'rtmg  tli.it  ll 
linl  Inlliiw  ,'iny  of  the  systems  of  reli 
the    neiL'hhnnrin'j;    enntinent;     odiei-s.    dial     they    are     aiiitenvi'ti'il  willi 


I'lswlii'viiii  111  t'l'li'li  anil  ki'ip  "nlrr.    I  lie  lilirisini'iiiaili' mln 

li.iski'ts,  liiils,  iiiiil  all  iiiiiiiiii'r  111'  things  Inr  uliirli  w  iekiT-unrk  is 

lirnp.' ;  ll'nlii  M  Iiii'h  iiiealsn  111  .ill'  r-i]  I's  anil  ralil.'s  .it'trri'iit 


11    prev.'llellt    111      -li'|.|ii;|li.      All.itli.'l'   liaiillinii,  nr   sinaliir    iliiii.li 


nis.i   liiilli 


alll'al  ' 


lisli.  iitiii..^l  lis  liarii  ii.s>tri'l. 


MllllilV 


M 


ilavs.  with  a  r.vsi.l'ie  nf  an  ahmiiiinai  .'\ns 


(,.j,     like  llli' lar^.T  nni',  I'm' till' liiiililiiij;  III  lints;  nil  to  a  jiiint 


lasi.'iii     lull 


Niknl, 


piipul.'ll  Inn     ( 

ir. 


Iwelliii!,' 


th 


0   interinr  nt'   (Jretit 


,\iniilst  .'ill  dii'so  oniilln'lin'T  sfatemonts,  rortiiiii  Jiliy- 


'ilj:i',  il  is  iisi'il  liy  till'  IiiilimiH  lor  liiiii' 
tliiiil  Kiiiil,  iiuu'li  111. ire  s"lnl.  nml  nt'  Hie  liiiek 


VH,  nml  lli'iiim'H.     A 


tit'ss  nt"  a  in.:i 


'  parlii'ul.irly  iiseil  I'nr  llnisi'  parN  nt'llie  enhi 


I  s  nriii,  a. 


(jreat  soliilily,   siidi  as  tin 


iVllii  ll    I 

Till'  Iniirtli  hint,  Kiiiitl.i 


I 


232 


ALL   ROUrD  THE   WORLD. 


i 


It 


iSfe  ]\  240.)  Ill  siicli  ii  pduiitrv  siiiikcs  iiiul  ulliijiitDrs, 
IIS  iiiii;lit  niiUindly  lio  cxpcrli'il,  urc  numerous.  'J'lio  sea 
alsii  aliiMiiiils  wil.li  i'Xi|iiisiti'  tisli,  slidl-tisli,  iiiid  turtle. 
Tlio  iiiiiiilicr  Miiil  v:irirty  (if  .slidl  (isli  is  Siiiil  to  lie  so 
•jrciit,  tli.it  tlic  most  lii'iiutil'ul  coiiclioloiiical  oollcrtioiis 
iiiiL,'lit  lie  umdo  with  very  little  troulile.  .\mlier!j;ri» 
mill  tlio  eililile  liinl's-iiest  are  cdiihiioii,  ami  the  ( 'liiiiese 
ami  .Malays  visit  the  islamls  to  proi'iirc  them 

The  iiilialiitaiits  are  of  a  oopipir  eolour,  with  small 
eyes,  flat  noses,  ho'.'e    mouths,   thick    lijis,  and  teeth 

without  any  hollow,  is  iisiil  for  railiiiirs  iiml  ]ialisiuloa  roiiml  cnlti- 
viitoil  IuikU.  ThootliiT  lomls  are  ni.ule  Ics.-;  list- of;  li'it,  iit'ViTtlieli'SS, 
tliey  arc  turned  to  ai'i'omit.  'I'n  jircsi'rvo  tlio  jilaiit  ami  ri'mliT  it 
aiiiiiiuliy  jiroiliictivi',  the  slimits  arc  I'lit  oil  at  a  licif^Iit  of 
iiliovo  ti'ii  fuel  Irian  the  ^'roiiiiil.  In  tliat  state,  they  look 
like  a  group  of  orj^aii  Jiipes,  ami  are  siiriomulod  with  liraiiehes 
mill  thorns.  At  the  heirinnini;  of  the  niiny  season,  there 
rise  out  of  each  of  these  ehisters,  like  gipuitie  as]iiirii>,Mi.s, 
iiiiii  as  if  hy  I'liehaiiliiieiit,  a  (|iiaiitity  of  liii;  liainhoos.  In  a 
niontli  they  are  li-oiii  lil'ty  to  sixty  (eet  lii^li  ;  and  in  a  eertaiii 
lime  al'terwards  liny  lia\'e  ;ie<)nired  siillieient  stiidity  to  he  used 
for  the  varioiK  |iiir|«ises  I'ur  wlaeh  they  are  apiilieahle.  The  eocoa- 
tree,  tif  tiii^  i>;ihii  liiiiiiiy,  jjrows  tor  seven  years  hefore  it  yields 
(riiit.  Tlio.se  si'Veii  years  elapsed,  it  yiel.is,  for  upwards  of  a 
eeiitnry,  tlio  same  iiiivaryiiij;  erop-  '"■imely,  a  seoie  of  hit;  uiili 
every  month.  Never  does  this  crop  faii ;  and  one  eonstantly  sees, 
iipcii  tlie  s:inie  tree,  hlossoms  and  fruit  ot  every  size.  The  eoeoa- 
niit  is,  as  well  k:'owii,  excellent  iionrislinieiit  :  a  u'reat  quantity  of 
oil  is  also  alls! r.ie  d  fiv'in  it.  The  shell  is  made  into  eiips  ;  the 
lihroiis  envelope  in.i;  eonts  and  caliles  for  .^liiits,  and  even  into  a 
eoarse  material  tiir  elcilhinsr.    The  leaves  are  used  to  thatch  caliins. 

and  tor  haskcjs  ami  In nts.   Kroni  ihoeocoa  there  isal.^o  oxtracud 

the  ilriiik  ealled  eocua  u  aie.  It  is  a  most  iiitoxieatinj  liipiid, 
ai.d  is  used  hy  the  IndiMiis  at  their  fea.sls.  To  ohtaiii  ths  «iiie 
whole  tiirests  cif  eoeoa  trees  are  ilooined  to  yield  sap  instea<l  of 
fruit.  l>y  imans  ot  lon^:  hamhoos,  a  eonimiiiiication  is  est:i- 
hlished  Itelwi'cn  the  suniniits  of  the  trees.  These  hanihoos 
servo  as  paths  to  the  Indians,  who  every  uKM'niii::,  heiirini:  larire' 
j:irs,  •JO  to  t^athir  in  the  htpior.     T'his  is  a  dillienii    and  diiiiireiMiis 

ui-atiiui-  all  aerial  ]iniiiicuade  at  sixty  or  ei^'hty  h'ot  from  the 

'..■round.  The  ,jifee  from  wliieh  the  spirit  is  iiiaiiii:iiclmed  is 
olitained  fnnn  the  laid,  which,  if  left  to  i'.si'lt',  woiilil  hecoaic  a 
Mo^soni.  -As  soim  as  one  of  these  huds  is  ahoiil  to  liiiist,  ;iii  Indian 
lies  a  slrinir  tijhlly  round  it  at  a  short  distanee  troni  its 
I'Xtremily  ;  then  he  cuts  oil'  idl  that  part  of  tlii'  hiid  that  iirojeels 
from  the  ii;.'atiire;  from  this  eiittiiiir,  or  Iroin  the  pia'os  wliieh  it 
discloses,  there  eontinmilly  fliws  a  sweet  liipiid,  pha.sant  to  the 
ta.stc  so  lontr  aa  it  has  not  fenneiited.  When  it  passes  into  a 
fenneiitatii'n,  it  is  taken  to  the  distillery  to  he  converted  into  a 
-pirituoiis  licpior,  known  in  that  country  lis  cocoa  wine."  Finiiliy, 
tlie  shell  of  the  nnt,  linriit,  \iehls  a  tine  likicli  colonriin.'  matti'r, 
which  the  Indians  Use  to  <lic  straw  hats.  The  h.inaiiti  is  a  hcrha- 
ccous  jilant,  uillnait  any  li^n.'oiis  ipialily.  The  stem  ot  ciich 
plant    is    firmed    of   leaves    placed  one   over    the    other.      Tlii-^ 

stem    ri.ses    usually    to   a    hci.:ht    of  twelve  or   til'teeii  (cot   fr 

the  Lrroniid,  leui  then  spreads  cmt  into  hroad  leaves,  not  less 
ihau  five  .-r  six  fiet  loiiir.  It  is  from  the  niid^t  of  tlase 
haves  that  the  tlower  sprin(»5,  and  is  followed  hv  what  is 
called  u  r<';iiiiir,  hy  whiih  word  is  to  he  nndi'istood  a  hnudred 
larire  hananas  -roainj  on  one  sialk,  f  >rniinEr  a  Ion;;  duster,  which 
heiids  towards  the  carl h.  liefore  ihe  iVnil  has  reached  nialnrilv 
the  ri';iiiiie  ]-  cut,  and  Ihe  hananas  are  n^cd  tiir  food  accordin^-lv 
as  they  ripen.  The  ]iart  of  the  ]ilaiit  which  is  in  the  Lrround  is  a 
sort  of  L'l'i-at  stump,  whence  rise,  in  succession,  ahoiit  thirty  shoots. 
Kiich  shoot  must  furnish  hut  one  ohister;  then  it  is  cut 'near  the 
LTouiid;  and  as  the  shoots  which  grow  from  the  same  root  have 
dillcri'iit  aL'c-.  tiicy  are  found  in  all  sta^'es  of  iViii'lilieilion,  .so  that 
1  very  iiionlh  or  t'ortiiii;ht,  iii,d  in  .ill  s.msohs,  u  cluster  or  two  may 
h.'  L'.iih.rcil  ironi  the  s,nie  plant.  It  is  also  iVom  ii  Kind  of  haiiaiiii, 
hut  whose  Crnit  is  not  cdihle,  that  is  oht;iineil  tlie  ve(;clahle  silk, 
or  iihric'i,  used  for  the  maiiiiliu  lure  of  clot  hi  lu'  matiTial,  and 
eordap'.  'J  his  tilainent  is  t'oiiml  in  the  trnuk  ot  the  plant,  which, 
■IS  I  liiive  already  mentioned,  is  formcil  of  leaves  ^rrowim;  one  over 
Ihe  other.  'J  hesc  .ire  divided  into  loo;;  stripes,  and  placeil  for  a 
fi'w  hours  ill  the  sun,  then  they  are  pulled  sharply  ovi-  a  dull  iron 
Mailc;  til.'  parenchyma,  or  thsliy  Jiart  of  the  leaf  is  .etiiined  hy 
the  hladc,  ;ind  the  tihrc  separates  from  it;  then  comes  another 
lirief  e\]iosiire  to  the  sun,  and  the  goods  are  ready  for  the 
»iarket. 


lilaek  fioiii  ehewinj;  lietel.  They  iire  \vell-])roportione(t, 
rather  short  than  tall,  with  hiiiieeMts.  They  hiivo 
.strong  lihick  hair,  tlio  men  have  little  oi'  no 
heard,  and  shave  their  eyehrows,  Imt  iiever  eiit 
their  nails.  The  hinder  part  of  the  head  is  eom- 
jire.ssed  at  liirtli.  The  mens  clothiiii;  is  a  hit  of  slrinc; 
round  their  middle,  and  ahoiit  a  foot  and  a  halt  of 
elotli  six  inches  broad  tiieked  liefore  and  heliiml  within 
that  !,'irth.  The  women  have  apetticoat  from  the  navel 
to  the  knee,  and  their  hair  elo.se  shaved,  liiit  the  nun 
have  the  hair  left  on  the  njijier  ]iart  of  the  head,  ami 
below  the  erowii,  but  cut  so  short  that  it  hardly  comes 
to  the  ears.  They  erect  their  houses  aloiii;  the  shore 
tipoi  |iile.s,  to  the  heijiht  of  .six  or  eioht  feet  iilio\e  the 
•,'rouiid,  and  sometimes  so  near  to  the  niai'gin  of  the 
water  as  to  admit  the  tide  to  (low  under  them. 

'i'lie  Uaiies  twice  liiiinded  estalilishiiieiits  on  these 
islands  in  1(178  and  in  17o'l,  but  were  .said  to  have 
abtimloned  them,  owiiii;  to  the  uiiliealthiiiess  of  the 
climate.  iSo  also  the  Moravians,  a  body  of  ( 'hristians 
exemplary  for  zeal  and  perseverance,  and  the  l,utlieians, 
established  missions  there  ;  but  aecordini;  to  some,  as 
they  did  not  succeed  in  tlii'  conversion  of  the  nati\es, 
they  returned  to  'J'raiKpiebar  ;  accordinc;  to  (■tliers, 
missionary  after  missionary  falling  a  victim  to  the 
climate,  they,  after  enduring  many  jirivations,  relin- 
ipiislied  the  uiilertaking. 

The  Atistiiau  e.x]ieditii  in  the  Nci'dra  made  ,i 
careful  exploration  of  these  intefestiiig  islands, 
which  lasted  upwards  of  a  month.  The  frigate 
anchored  olf  the  most  northerly  island  of  Kiir-Nihobar 
on  the  L'.'hd  of  February,  I  S.'iS.  A  |iarly  laiidcil  and 
aihaiiccd  into  the  interior.  They  were  soon  liiih  d  by 
a  btitttilioii,  as  they  describe  it,  of  iiliout  lil'ty  natives, 
who  came  forth  to  meet  them,  aniied  with  lot  _'  cut- 
his.ses  wilh'iiit  handles,  javelins,  and  stout  sticks. 
"(iood  friends/  good  friends  ( ''  they  exclaimed,  ii[iun 
encountering  their  visitors. 

Being  assured  as  to  the  pacific  intentions  of  the 
hitter,  the  chiefs,  who  cillcd  tlicmselves  ea]itains.  and 
decoiated  themselves  with  Kuropean  names,  as  (',i|itain 
Nelson,  Captain  liyron,  Captain  Wellington.  I  >oetor 
t'risp,  and  others,  handed  over  their  arms  to  tlier  fol- 
lowers, and  held  forth  their  oily  and  dii'iy  hand.s,  tho 
urasp  of  which  it  was  not  deemed  jiolilic  to  refuse. 
Iviili  of  them  then  jiroduced  a  ecrtilicate  delivered  to 
him  by  dillcrent  captains  of  mi'rchant  sliijis,  testifying 
to  his  loyalty  in  the  matter  of  dealing  in  cocoa  nuts. 
Several  of  tlii'se  cerlilicates  contained  also  iisctiil 
advice  to  new  comers,  such  as  "  If  you  wish  to  remain 
friends  with  the  s.ivagcs,  neither  steal  their  jiigs  nor 
their  wi\es  " 

The  generality  of  these  certificates  bore  the  jirice 
current  of  cocoa-nuts  in  Kuropean  maiiufaet\ires. 
Thus,  one  sword-blade  obtained  .'i(M)  nuts,  as  much  as  a 
.sack  of  rice;  a  soup-spoon,  l.'iO,  and  a  kerchii'f,  1(10. 
Every  rag  had  its  price,  liiead,  tools,  pe]iper.  and 
various  driios — among  others,  castor  oil,  camphor  and 
salts  —  are  in  groat  demnnd,  but  not  so  iiiiich  so  as 
clothes  and  felt  hats.  Not  tin  old  coat  in  rags  vliat 
is  not  boiio|it  up  with  euthiisi.ism,  and  the  most  worn- 
out  old  wide-awake  will  obt.iin  I'.odd  nuts,  as  iiukIi  as 
a  double  barrelled  gun,  a  barrel  ol  riini,  or  a  jiiece  of 
calii'o  twenty  yards  in  length,  and  which  they  use  to 
bury  their  dead.  Assiu-edly  any  speculator  who  would 
send  a  cargo  of  felt  hats  to  Niko"iar  would  realise 
large  ])rofits.  It  is  ?iii]ipiised  th.it.  seeing  mo.st  of  liie 
captains  of  luerchanttnen     proviiled  with   hats  of  ihis 


I  '      ! 


**^!SS5S 


THE  ISLANDS  OF   THE  INDIAN   AND  EASTERN   SEAS. 


IIUBiOR  OF  A  HUT  IN  THE  I8UN0  OF   KAR-NIKBBAR, 


(li'siM-iption,  till-  islandoi-s  iinactiiiPil  that  such  wore  tlic 
marks  ol  tlicir  rank,  as  a  crown  is  tliat  of  nnalty,  and 
tliat  till'  wide  awake  made  the  captain. 

A  certain  ('a[itaiii  l>ixoii  presented  a  certilicati'.  i)f 
which  lie  was  nut  a  little  prmid.  It  rociirdcd  tliat, 
ncitwithstaniliiii,'  liis  dirty  a|ipearanee,  Captain  Dixcm 
was  a  iiiiin  to  ho  trusted,  llu  was,  however,  a  very 
line  man,  as  naked  as  the  hand  ;  liis  complexion 
lironzcd,  his  hair  shining,  loin,',  and  tloatini,',  and  held 
hy  a  diadem  of  hark  Amongst  his  companions,  one 
wore  a  simple  shirt,  tht^  other  a  hloiise,  another  a  |>;iir 
of  well  worn  hoots,  and  here  and  there  a  |)air  of 
trousers  were  to  lie  .seen  All  put  together,  however, 
th(?v  could  harely  lia\e  siipplii'd  one  complete  dress. 
]\Iaiiv  of  tliesi'  insul.irs  only  wore  the  narrow  waist- 
h.ind  which  I'ell  down  ill  a  cpieiie.  'I'lieir  general 
a]ipi'aiance  would  not  have  hecii  di.spleasing,  had  it 
nni  lu'eii  for  their  gre.it  open  mouths,  and  their  black 
.iiiil  carious  teeth.  ."^oinelimes  teeth  and  gums  had 
alike  di.sippeared,  to  give  jil  ice  to  a  diseased  shape- 
less mass  hetwecii  a  Jiair  of  swidlen  and  inllaiiied  lips. 
They  have,  licsides,  the  had  lialiit  of  lengthening  thi'ir 
ears  hv  horiiig  holes  in  Iheiii,  into  which  they  insert 
choir  pi["'s,  cigars,  and  other  ohjects,  or  even  hits  of 
■vooi!  decorated  with  piices  of  copper  or  silver;  one, 
III  whom  a  small  hotlle  had  heeii  presented,  at  once 
allixeil  it  to  his  ear  as  an  ornaineiit 

('.ipl.iin  I)ixoii  anil  his  friends  were  invited  on 
lioard   the  i\orii)a,  and   assured  that  no  harm  would 


'  he  done  to  them,  and  that  they  were  tri  od  friends. 
"Not  only  friends.'' cxcl.iinied  the  captain.  "  imt  onlv 
good  frie'ids,  lint  L.'oiid  Imilhers  -  t-itlur,  ninther  —  all 
lirethreii  ! "  an  exphi.-iiin  of  fiatcniity  which  the  nar- 
rator says  alisnhitely  stniiiicl  him.  ei>iiii'iir  from  this 
]ioor  oily  and  Uiiked  sa\a;,'e.  It  is  tnir  ih.it  the 
captain  did  not  forget  to  impiire  it',  lieiie,'  mi  lnLinl. 
he  shoii',.!  he  treated  to  t'cod.  dr'nk,  and  toliacco. 
Kverything  on  board  e.vcited  their  admiration,  lull 
nothing  more  .so  than  the  liig  guns  t'rom  .Marienzdl. 
'•our  holy  place  of  grace  am',  piluiima;,'!'.'"  W  hen 
these  simple  savages  were  i|Ue.-.tioned  as  to  what 
]iiiiiisliments  they  inllicted  upon  e\  il-docrs,  tlay  at 
once  answeri'd.  "  We  are  not  wicked,  we  .ire  all 
good.  Jhit  they  are  very  wicked  people  in  \oar 
country,  or  why  should  yon  want  thoM'  gicit  gun.-- (" 
Adniiralile  |ihilosophy  in  a  socallcil  saxagc. 

Apart  from  the  rcvages  which  ihe  ahii>e  of  Ketrl 
causes  ill  their  moiith.s,  the  inh.iliit.ints  of  Nikohar  ar 
well-made  and  healthy.  There  were  iinl\  \\\i>  p.ilho 
logical  cases  met  with  among  them  ;  one  of  a  ni.in 
with  a  jiaralysed  arm,  the  other  of  a  little  man.  fat 
and  short,  with  imperfectly  developed  tiii^'cis.  which 
li.id  earned  to  him  the  nii'k-name  Kinla-Kunti.  Winn 
the  natives  were  asked  who  look  care  of  poor  Kinla- 
Kunti,  "  I  do!    we  do  I    all  of  us  do  !"   exclaiined    ( 'a[i- 

I  tain  ('h.irlev,  with  an  ex|iression  of  surprise  at  such  a 
ipiestion   heiui;  asked.        ('a]itaiii    Ch.irley    was   :i    little 

I  thill   man,  whose  wiiole  dress  consi.sleil  of  a  caji. 


■i.U 


AI-L   ROUND   illK   \Vl)KLl). 


Is 


': 

:  I   1 

I  i 

ii  I 


ft  If 

!  ■ 


It  ii|i|).';irs  l)i.it    (1 Nik"liaiiaiis   lirivc   im'scrvcii     t'c'sti\.il  in  llic  iliv  scnson,  liy  n   prod-jqiio  fni-c.      Wild 

nil  ill  li'i'liii;;  tiiw.inis  tin'  h.iiH.s  "Tin'  Maiii's  iiit"  lioiiis  ;irc  Id  Ihum'  in  ini  riu  Ihm  il  .-|':n  r.  llic  Vi'iini;  iinii 
li;iil  |iiii|ili' '"  llii-y  i'\rl.iinii-.l.  llicir  rvrs  lii;litin!,'  up,  ailnril  with  Kliiks  iiml  javrlins  ni-.li  (o  tlic  iissaiill. 
"  Tlii'V  w  isliril  to  takf  our  islainl  .'  ll"  wi-  wi'^liiil  to  tiiki'  «  illi  loiiil  slioiits  and  in  llii'  |nr.-i'nir  i>l'  tliiir  liiir  ihk  s 
_vi>iir  i^l.iiiil.  «<•  slioiiM  li<<  wii-kiMl  |iro|ilcr'  Anotlicr  tlu'ii- ii\iils,  iiml  llii- iissrnililrd  |)fii|ilc  ;  tlicy  )iit  ice  :iii(( 
l>it  oC  |>liiloso|iliy  unknown  in  tin-  old  world.  Iiit  tlic  lio:;<,  wliiili  dclriid  iIm'iii.m'Imh  ol'liii  xny  viyor 

'rill'    .ViiNiiiaiiH    wiTi"   inviti'.!    liv    «'M|it:iiii   .lolin    to  ,  oiislv,  iiillnliii,;;  mori' tliaii  oni' wound,  Imt  wlii' li,  iil'lrr 
visit  his  d.Miii.ilt'.  r;iis«'<l  npoiiad   /<-ii  |iil<'siiiid  covcri'd     iin  ini'vitiilili'  sli  iii;.i;l<',  jiri'  killnl,  loa  tnl,  nii'l  ciirii 
with    jialni    havt's.       'I'Ih-   .-ji'iit    was    liv   a    l;idili'r   of  I'lioii  (hi'  o<'riisi<in   of  thi'   trsiiv.d   of  tin' ilrad,    (In' 

liiiiiilioos.  Till' hut  wa.-*  ni'.irly  i'iii|ilv;  two  or  thri'i'  Nikoliat'ians  cxhuini"  tin' hodir.Hot  tlnir  ii'l.itivrs  anil 
lioxi's  wi'l'i'  to  lio  si'i'ii  in  :i  i-oriir|-  wliirh  colitainrd  all  (Virlids,  w  liirh  li.ivi'  lirrii  a  Mar  uinlrr  ^rouiiil,  rally 
till'  <a]>taiii's  riihi's.  Tln'ii'  w.'iv  als<i  a  Crw  javi'lin.H  lluiii  inio  a  lull,  and  u'  'In  r  loiinil  llirin  yioanin;.'  ;iiid 
haiiiiiii:;  on  tin'  walls  and  <'i'iiiii'_'.  :iiii|  a  hn'ki'ii  down  I  wci|iiii^'  .\  li^lilrd  i  i^'ar  i.s  plarrd  in  iho  iiioiilli  o'' 
iliair  |o  olVrr  to  his  visitors.  .\s  to  tlii>  i'.i|ilain  liiiii  ,  r^ali  ski  li'lon,  |iiiliiiiim  no  di'iilil  llir  linniin  luralli. 
sell',  111'  took  his  si'.it  on  a  plank  .itlarlii'd  hy  ropes  to  Tin'  skulls  arc  at'li'rwards  liiiiii'd  in  tin'  iiiin  liiy,  or 
till'  roof,  and  wlnairi'  lu'  uiMv.lv  swun;  hiin-rll'  to  ;iinl  Kiiiakcip  i,  Imtlln'  liolirs  an'  .  ast  away  in  thr  I'oirst. 
fro,  ih'i'ply  iinlaii'd  with  a  s<'iisc  o|'  his  own  polilii'al  j  or  into  tin'  si'a.  A  I'l'W  coroa  nut  (ins  arr  cut  do«  n 
inipoi'taiicc.  lit    the   .same   tiiiic,  w  lii<  h   arc   tliio»n    away    with  (he 

A  roast   pij;  had  1 n  )iiirelia^'d  I'or  the   sum   ot'  two  |  liodics,  and   cocoa  lints    arc    put   in    ]ilacc.s    where    (Iny 

tlorins    from    tiie    tat    l>.Ntor   Crisp,    Init    none   of  the  !  arc  likely  to  j;ivc  liji  lli  to  new   tr< 


women  or  the  childi-iii  .'ip|H-arii|  to  yiacc  the  repast 
"  They  arc  tied  to  the  toiesi."  they  Nii.l,  in  reply  to 
impiirii  s  mad.'  as  to  tjieir  al'M-nec.  "  W'e  do  not  know 
"  Inie,  and  as  Ion;;  a.<  you  n'lnaiii  (hey  will  continue 
liiddi  11  there,  e\ .  n  if  they  have  (.>  die  ol  hunger." 
These  po.ir  p4ople.  tiiielit  liv  s.id  experience,  were 
iisiiij;  pric.iiitioiis  against  ,  •  e\|M'ditio,,ists.  "In  (he 
lel.itioiis  of  Kiii'i'peaii^  with  s;ivaje<."  .s;ivs  till'  nanalor, 
■•  it  is  seldom  that  the  latter  an'  in  the  w  long." 

It  III  ly  he  allirmcd  t  i  it  tlil'  Nikoh.ii  laiis  h.ive  a 
naliir.il  seiitiiiicnt  of  morality  and  jiistiie.  wliuli  is 
highly  de\clo|H'd  in  their  character;  tliev  are  hos 
pilal'le.  kiinl.  ami  ap|H'ir  to  Ih-  initlier  envious  nor 
Jcaloii.s.  If  tlnir  smi^l  i'hal  is  less  ilcv.itcd  than  oni-s, 
It  is  .still  not  without  value  .\t  all  events,  their  pr.ie- 
tiec  is  not,  .is  too  frei|Ui.nily  hapinn.s  among  ourselves, 
ill  an  inverse  ratio  to  tlnir  tin- -ly.  rrotcst.nit  and 
( 'alholic  missiciiaries.  the  .\i|siriaiis  t<'Il  lis,  hi\e  not 
as  yet  met  with  tin-  slighti'st  success  :imoiig  I  hese 
iiisiil. lis.  who  have  ri'ccu I'd  (hem  kimJly,  have  looKcd 
upon  them  with  eurio^ity.  I..i\e  listened  (o  them  with- 
out nil  Icrst. Hiding  them,  and  do  not  to  the  present 
d  ly  know  what  tiny  c.niie  to  do.  Hut  C.ipta'ii  .loliii 
;  i-'Ught  forth  a  little  Knglish  lul'lc.  and  s.iii|  to  them 
uilh  a  certain  priih'.  "  Here  is  .le>us  Chri^l.  When  I 
nil  ill.  1  ]iiit   it  iiinler  my  henl.  ami  1  :iiii  hc.-iled  !"' 


riic  iiali\es<il  Nikohar  dance,  hut  wiili  lilllc  aniina 
(ion,  anil  i  heir  song..i  are  so  many  laiin  nt.itioiis.  'I  In  ir 
ligili'is,  (le  Austrian  ediiiolejrist  siid,  are  so  clej;iac, 
that  the  idea  was  invdlnntarily  forci  d  upon  iiiin  (li.it 
they  were  the  remnants  ot  ii  |>i'inii(i\e  aut<'<  Idonic  race, 
perhaps  anterior  to  niirH,  which  feds  (lia(  it  lias  no 
loii'.'er  a  lilace  in  the  actual  seiii  s  olliiiman  leiiigs.  and 
tint  nothing  remains   lor  it  hut  to  iiieout  : 

Oil  the  •JSth  of  Kebruary  the  liigate  h  f t  Kar  Niko 
liar,  for  r>atli'liiiavc,  an  inhahilcd  island  Iwintv  imi' 
miles  distant,  where  the  geographers  wished  (o  ninkc 
s.  line  oliscrx  at  ions.  (In  the  ill  h  of  March  it  anchoicd  in 
the  commodious  luit  unhealthy  jicpri  ot  Mankaini,  well 
known  to  the  icligioiri  world  tor  the  nund  cr  of  ( Jer- 
niaii  and  Uanisli,  Moravian  and  l.iithiiaii  missionaries 
who  caiiic  there  to  piiish. 

I'lie  village  of  Ili'C  was  first  visilcil.  All  (he  in 
hahilants  had  lied  awav,  ami  only  h  f (  a  few  faliiishid 
dogs  lichilid  them.  Piles  wiicsiiii  raised  ahove  the 
wa(cr  in  front  of  the  huts  and  (o  which  liianches  were 
n(taclic  1.  to  iliive  away  evil  .spiril.s.  In  (he  village 
were  ;\\>o  found  a  great  iinmlier  of  small  lignrcs  of 
wood,  coarselv  i  ml  grotcsipiely  eaivid  and  altai  Inil  to 
the  walls  and  roofs  ol  tin'  lioii.-cs,  TIic.m'  wcie  inti  inlcl 
to  rc|ireseiit  Ivvis,  that  is  to  say,  had  spirits,  tied  up  \>\ 
the    leg,    just  as  ill    olden    times    .--callolds   ami   gihhets 


'I'liiitccn  village.,  were  <ie^  iii.,d  hv  name  as  existing  I  were  erected  at  g.itewavs,  to  deter  nialclactois.  Never 
in  the  island  of  Kar  Nikoi.ir.  aliogetin'r  eoinprisiiig  ihelcss,  as  if  to  propitiate  these  Ivvis  at  (he  same  (inie. 
soini'  hull  lied  liiit>,  with  .1  |>^ 'pill. It  ion  of  iVom  eight  to  '  icrlain  ealalilcs.  incliidin,;  toliacco,  leaves  and  hciel 
nine  hundred  iiilial>itaiit.s.  [  nuts,  were  .•iltachcd    for  (heir  use  (o  diircrent  parts   ot 

The   cocoa  tint   is   the   I'hief    iii.ivanlile    produce    of  '  (he  hut.  and  especially   to  the  liamlH.o  ladih  r. 
llie    i-liiid.    hut   .sugarcane.    toK-uvo.   cotton    and    rice  I       The  ecincterv  of  hoc,  as  well  as  that  of  Kamiirtu,  is 
could  i'c  siic.'cssliiUy  cultivat<''l.      The  i|Uantity  of  nuts     stuck  all  over  with  jiilcsor  ]iole,s,  to  which  the  hatcliet, 
exported  annually,  of  which  the  greater  portion  go  to     tile,  knife  ami  other  |iro|iciiy  of  the  defunct  are  attach 
I'ulo  Peiiang.  is  estimated    at  four    to    (ive    millions    of     ed.      t'oarsely  carved  lignrcs,  ('.luUd  in  reil  and   hlack, 
liams.      The  eoisKi  nut  tn-e.  whiili  attains  a  height  of  ;  with  white,  red,  and  hliie  rihlions,  or  simply  long  palm 
trom    111'    to    Imi    flit,   and    a    diameter  of  two  feel,  is      leaves  lloatiiig    in  the  lilec/.e,  arc    likewise    attached    to 
clow  iiid  hy  a  roof  of  h'.ive.s  always    gi>.en  and    plaving     the  to)i  of  tlnse  |io'.cs,  to  drive  away  the  evil  spirit^, 
gr.iccfiilly  over    the    h.'.i.l.      Wli.i    d.ns    n.'t    kii..vv    the  ;        The  hills    of    Miigli.ita  and    (he  villages   of    Klinang, 
thousand  n.scfnl  piirp.i^cs   to   whieli   this    precious   tree  |  Calalm,  ai\d    Kumat,    where   the    missionaries    foiiinlcd 
is   put   to  (     its    leaves,  its    ri«.t.s  its  trunk,  its   s;ip.  its     estaMishincnls,    were  also  visited.      Stareely  a    tr.ice  of 


water,  its  nil.  it.s  wine,  its  milk,  and  its  very  tihres,  all 
cniidiicc  to  tin'  comtorts  ami  happiness  of  millions  of 
the  liuiiiaii  faniiiy. 

The  grc.itest  festiv.il  ee'ehnitnl  hy  the  Nikoharians 
la.sts  lifleen  d.iys,  and  is  In-M  I'll  tin'  oicision  if  the 
ojicning  of  the  r.iiuy  s4M.s,.n,  when  the  siiuth-wcst 
Uionsoo  1  hegiiis  to  hlow.      Tinv    als.i  celehiate  another 


(he  passage  ot  (he  la((er  is  now  to  !«•  foi,inl.  The 
vallev  in  which  eleven  //t  nii/nil'  r.i  \iii\~\i,  A  one  lifter 
another,  is  once  more  transformeil  into  a  gliMHiiv  .and 
niaicsiic  fores( 

No(wi(hstanding  (lie  )iroxiiiii(y  of  (heir  islamls.  the 
iiihahilanl.s  of  Kar  Nikohar,  of  Kiniaiig,  ami  ot 
Malacca,  do  not  speak  fin-    salm-  laiigii:  ge.      They  give 


THE    ISLANDS   OK   TIIK    INDIAN    AND    FASTI-.t!N  S|;aS. 


asft 


ti(    till"    mint     roiiiniiiii    oliji'cts    ilifliii'iit,    iiiiiiiiv 


Till'  iiii|>iTti'itioii  III    tlii'ii-    l!iiii;iiii'^i'    H 


III  ili'.'il    ti 


111'  iiKiilmti'il  til  till'  ill  liiniiily  uf   lliiir   iihimIIim;   it,   is 

lildlll-   stutllTlMJ    tllMll    S|i,i|il'll. 


Till'    Ciin.ili 


I't     sail     I 


III     II 


III! 


K;il.rli; 


I IV    tl. 


(SI'       wild     Ml'l 


lliiitr    I  lie    iiiitivpH  of     llii'so 


isliiiiils    mi'    II   t.ni.illv    ijistiiiil,   rucc   riimi    cillirr    tin 


lliiiill 


iiH  III'  till'  iKiitii I,  iif  till'  M.iliijs  111'  till 


mist  ; 
ill  lint,  tli.il  llii'V  111-1'  iii'i;iiii'«  111' 11  tv|ii'  Niiiiilar  In  tlnisii 
iiiliiiliiliM'4    till'    li'i'i'ji'i',    or    Kiji     Islimls,    tiiiiis|iiirlii| 
N. Ill  km  111,  mill  Kmiiiiilii  ;   Iml  li.iviiii»   nn  slrniii  |ii)\vii-    lliitluT  iivrr   tin'  Imliaii  t  (ii'iin  liy  sniiin  in'riilriit  nl'  tlii) 

(1 \|ii'i|iliiiiiislM    Will'    uiiiililii    III   rll'rit   a    liiiiiliiij,'   I  srii,   sihIi,     |ii'ili,iiM,   lis    wnl'li'ii    rivilisnlinii    In    Mi'xiro 

(til   till)    I7lll  tlli'V  fi'li'lli'il   till'    Mi'l jsl.iiiils,  illlij    tlii'll  .  I'lnlll  .hl|imi,   Mini  to    linl  I'liilil    .Mi'xirii  ;    tllllt  llll'V    livd 

'I'ri'is  mill  'I'rark,  mill  tln'lniii;  niiiiiiil.iiiintis  I'liniii  ul'  in  liiri'stH,  iiinivilisi'il,  I  i:i  ilia  inns,  \  imlirlivi',  iiiiil  lis 
Ijtlli'  Nikiiliar  mill  III'  I'liln  Miln,  wliii'li  lalliT  small  ij^imrant  tiH  wiM  lira-Is,  ami  that  I'm  ri'iitnrii's,  iii-i'nrii- 
islanil  tiicv  xvi'i'i)  ciialili'il  In  i\|iliii-i'.  'I'lii'V  ili'si'iilii.  it  .  inj,'  In  all  ri'iiiii'lsiifi'asliTii  iim'.  Mnlimiimailaii  Iravi'l'i-rs, 
as  iil'i'M'i'i'ilin^  lii'iiiiiA',  ami  flnllii'il  willi  mi  iiilniii'Mlili'  I  tliry  liavr  riijnvril  IIh'  rr|intatiiin — niilalrlv,  ii ;  lliiii'  is 
vi'Hi't  itiiin.  'i'lic  |iaiiilaniis,  wliirh  iiiijiaiis  tn  till-  I  miw  ii'iison  to  |>ii'--iinir  -  nl'  lii'iiij;  milliiii|iii|iliii;;i,  or 
iiiri'-its  ill'  sniitlii'in  Asia  sn  ililli'ii'iil  an  as|ii'i't  In  llmsi'     ralcrs  nf  hum m  flisli        'riiis  siiiL,'iilar    ri if   jii'iipl 


it'  ."'nutli    Aiiii'rii'i,  is  si'i'ii  lii'ii'    ill    all    il<  iii'i  i'l'il  inn.  !  air  iilmnst  aiialnijiiiis,    in    tin-   sialr  nl'  liiimaiiih 


illi 


A  S\vi"l'sli  naturalist,  nf  tin-    n  iini' nf   l;iiil<,  liaij    pii'  tin'    rinsji'sniaii,    nv    I'n-limiii    nl'Sniilli    Aliiiii      iiirii, 

li'ii    till'    Anstrimis   lii'i'i-,    mnl    lia'l    iiii|ilnyiil    liuly  wlin  in  I  lirir  lialiiN  nC  li\  iiit,',    ari'   lint    a    li'W    ii'iiinvcs 

Cliinrsii     wnikmi'ii      In     npi'ii     |iallnviiys     in     vaiiniis  '  I'lnm  llii'  iimnki  v  s,  nr  lal  Iht  may  lir  saiil,  almnsi   willi- 

iliri'i'limis.      Tin'    I'lini'H'al     |iiili's.    lirarin^   llit'    lln  il  in;;  I  mit  i'xa!,'i,'ilal  inn,  In  lia\r    rallnr    llii'  ilisailvaiilai,'i'    nl' 

iiiia>{i'S  to  ilrivi'  away  tin'  wirkril   Iwis.  wiTi'   alsn  sirii  '  tiirsi-    animals  in  a|i|ii'aiaiiri',   witli  a  ijiialil  v  nl' inli'ijiit 

at    lllis    islanil.       Tin'  |irrsii|is   wlin   laisr    tlli'si'  lin|iliii's  srani'ly    r\|iani|i'i|     almvi'    iijinliy     mnl    a    laiii;iia;,'i'    nl' 

ir   ili'vil    i'\tii|ialiiis.      At    llin  '  k""  n'als     si-iiii'ly    r\riiiliiii,'    in    raii;,;i'    llir   tjnint   nf 


il     Malnr 


smiii'  tinii'  tliat  lln'V  tlins  alnisi'  a  sn|irisl  ii  inns  ihrail  nl'  Imijs,  tin'  liaisli  si'i'i'ain  nl'  ijn'  jarkal,  nr  tin'  wliistlini,' 
I'vil  s|iiiil-s,  tlii'y  i'nm|ili'li'ly  snlijii'l  llw  inimls  nl'  lln'  nl'  liinls  'I'liry  mi-  ili';;iiiiinli'il  I'lmn  llir  l'a|inan 
|ii'ii|ili',  Just  as   tlii'ir  inlli-a'^'iii'S,  tlm  arliili's  ol'   tliiili'-     ly|ir,  si'lilnm    rxni'il  llvi'  li'il   in  liiii;lit,  Ium'   hrails    nl' 

' a  lai';^ii  sizi',    slmrt    inrks   ami    lii^li    sliniillias,    wnnllv 

liair,     ]irntiilii'|-ant    stmiiai'lis,     ami    wiak,     liainlv    li'!,'s. 

'I'lii'y    (;n    cnlii-i'ly    nakfil,    mily    iiililiini,'    lln'ir    limlii's 


lala,    till'     mi'iliriiii'    nun    nl"    tin'    Nmili     Amriiran 


Inilia 


111  tin 


if  I  111'  KaDirs  ili 


Tin'   i'lliiinlii',iist  111'   llii)    i'\|irilitiiin    snri li'J,  iifliT 


many  |iri 


si'llts  nf   tnli: 


iflass  lii'ails,  ami  almitliillv      "illi  vrll 


w  rlav,  ami  irililiiiiii''    I 


ii'ir    nrails  ami  lari's 


liM'l    knivi's.    III    iii-ltinL;    tlirm'    naliM's    ti 


I'll    li 


lllll     a       "Itll    I'cil    ni'lll'i 


TI 


I'ir    niily     »ia|iiins    nr   iin{ili'iiii'iil.s 


skili'tmi.      Tl^llllllill^'  all    tin'  way,  tln'y  li'il     liini    tn   a     mi'  Imws  ami  ai;iiws    (nf  i'li';,'aiit  sliapi'),  a  kiinl  nf  li; 


si'i'lmli'il    |iart  nf   tin'    li 


iri'st,  wlii'ir    1  iv    lln 


linily  nf  a     I II  iii'aiii'il    inil    nf   lianl    wnml    fur    s|ii'ani 


II'   nsii,    all 


yniiii;,'    man  :    lint  lln-  mniiu'lit    tlii'y   siw  llir  savant  at  '  ail/.r  Ininl    nf  sliarp    stmn'    f.isli'iiiil    In   a    liamili'    liv 


ik  with  a  kiiili',  tlicv   Ih'il  awav  as  last  as  I 


lii'if  li'i's  '  I'ni'ii  iiiailii 


if  s( 


rnlli'     Vi'1/rtalili 


lill 


I'l'. 


nv  snli-.ist  nil 


■  ill 


•airv     llniii. 


I'nssil.ly     ll ll liiLtist 


lish, 


aliiininl  I'l'inTaJIv  <in  ll 


111  It  tlii'V  tliiiii'^ht    till'  naninni  wmilil  a\    iil;i'  ilscil  I'nr  j  <>(  srairilv 
ll  ' 


Ihi'V    ill 


II'  riiasi,  lint  in  I  in 
1 


viini'   rats,    lizanls,    ami    vrniiiii    nl 


i.'ir  ti'i'ai'liiTV 


I'VITV  llrsrniltliill. 


Till'  r.Mh  nf    Manli   tin'  frin.iti-    IraviTsi'il    tin'   ranal 


Hill'  wrilrrs   wniijij    r 


•flT    ll 


I'll  k 


iinwn    ami    ti 


if  Sai:it   lii'iiri'i' 


lasli'il    til" 


.1   nf   M 


nsial,    an 


I     saiHv  aiitlniitiiali' 1  liinrilv  ami  lilnml  I  hiislini'ss  nf  the 


tmirlii'il   till'  next   ilay  at   tin'  rliaiinin;;  liltli'  islainl  nf     A  miainans  simply  In  a  ininic'i'iiiis  Invr  nf  imli'|ii'mlini'i'. 

Kiiinlna,    wlicri"  tliry  ailiniiril   llir  spli'iniiil    vi'iji'tatinn  j  Tlicy   iln    iint     in   any    lasi',    says   llir    liavillir    ipmli-il, 

ami    iinposini;     fori'sts.      Thiy     nut-     hiTi'     with     Kniiiii  !  appii  riali'  liiiim  appniiiliil  jailms  In  an  iin  aijini.' pinpli'. 

iiitiM'S,   who   wcro  snllii'irnlly   .iliaiil'    In  allnw   llii'in    \  Hut    ali.!    it  i-,   nut    nnly   tin'    Knylisli   llii'vslav.      Nut 

iiiilii  innlU'iisivi'  Anslrian  nalnralist 
■I    virtiin    In    tiirir    tr Iniv    whili' 


si'lvi'S  tl)  ill-  wi'iv'lnil  ami  to  liavr  tlnii  hair  rlippril —  :  many  yiais  a;;ii. 
an  ii|irralinn  wliirh,  as  it  liusti'il  imt  li'ss  than  I  wnitv  i  '  I'l'-  Milfii)  lil 
III 


imiti's,  was  lint  .a  litllr  fati!;ninu;,  Imlli  In  tin' iipiaatnr    ipiirlly  lintanisin;,'  in  tlii'si'  iiiliii'~pilaliir  islamis 


n  1  to  till'  patii'iit 


Till!  lait;rst  nf  Ihi'si'  Anilainan   Islamis,  kiinwn  as  tl 


Tlio    i'thnnln;;ist,    in    nrili'r    In    slmly    tin'    ri'inrilial  jtlraml   .\miaiiian,    is   snmiwiiat    ii riritly  ilrsi;;natii| 


iin'ans   in  iisi'   in  tlm  I'mintrv,    |ii'i'li'iiilri|    that   In'   hail  ',  as  a  sini^'h'  islami,     1  Ml  mil 


iiii'  liv  I'tt  lirnail  :  it  i-,  in 


Mvi'i'i'   I'lii'iimatii:   pains   in   his   h'tt   sIiimiIiIit,   ami    i 


ii'alilv  iliviilnl    ll 


iiiaiiv  rliannrls  intn   tii 


'1" 


itjril  a   nativi'   ilnrlnr    to    nmii'rtaki'    llm    iiiri!.      Tim     rati'  islamis.      A  piilnnsipii'  niniintaiii,   kimwii   In   lln- 

Nikiiliarian    Ksiiilapins  arrnrilin^^ly    tunk    Imlil    ui'    tin'      Knulish  as  ."'■ailiili'  I'lak.  ami  w  hirli  at  tains  an  rli'V  atimi 

lllirti'il   arm,  piin'lii'il  it,  pri'sscil    it,  riihlii'il    it  iiji  ami  I  nf  -,'IOll  frrt,  is  tlir  main  ti-atiiri'  nf  this   islami,  ami  is 


linwii,  liii'W  iipmi  it,  ail  llir  tinii'  ilainini;  ami  slnnilini;, 
t'>  ilrivi-  away  thi'  I'vil  .spirit  that  hannli'il  tin-  nii'inlii'r  ; 
ami  at  Iiust  lie  urrivi'il,  with  rxjirnssivu  (;i'sMiros,  at  his 
j,'raiiil  I'liiiiax,  wliii-h  was  to  niaki'  it  cxinlr  frnm  llir 
rvtri'inity  nf  tin'  tiiirjci-s.  Sn  littli'  satislii'il,  hownviT, 
was  till'  ilni'tor  witli  his  pi'rlnriii  iin:i',  that  wlini  Im  h.ul 

a  mMtiiil V,  ill'  Innk  him- 


I'l'ii  at   a  ^ii'.it   ilistamr. 


It    si'i'in> 


tn  lii-nf 


1  ri'ivi"!  Ills  livi'  sons 


S'if  llir  as  fast  as  liis  linilis  v 


ill 


anv  liiiii. 


IV. -TIIK  ANKA.MAX   ISLANDS. 

TiiK  terror  which  stnirk    tin'  inntinims  .Si'pnv  ri'j;!- 

IV    Irarnt    tlii'ir 


mints  of  niir    Imliaii    ariiiv,    wlnii    lli 


rlitrliri.'    was    nl 


III'  nl     trii 


ispnrtat  Inn 


In  till'     Al 


Islamis,  in  thn  R'ly  of    Hi'iigal,  ran   only  In;  umleratnoil 


nrii^in,  mnl  it  is  nvnn   .saiii   tliat   Ihrri'  an-  Milcannrs  in 
ai'tivily  in  thn  islamis. 

Tim  sniilhi'i-n  islami,  wiiirh  is  kiinwii  as  Litdr  .\ii- 
ilaiuiili,  is  nnly  alimit  !'•'''  mill's  Imi;;  liy  17  in  wiiiili. 
llavini;m>  rnnnini,' slrrams  nf  fri'sh  watrr.  it  lias  nrvrr 
altrai'li'il  sn  niiirli  atti'iilinn  as  tin'  mirthirly  islami. 

Liki'  all  nllii'i-  islamis  in  tiir  Imlian  ()i-iaii,  tin'  An- 
liam.'in  Islamis  air  i-lntlii'il  with  a  Inxuriaiit  vri;rtMlioii. 
Ainniii;  otlirr  kiinls  nf  \ri;italiii'  wnmi  air  rlmiiy,  ml 
sannili'is  whikI,  nr  smifjilis  ilrarniiis  nf  ilrni;i,'isls  (I'li-ra 
rtirjiiiH  l>iiliJI)ir(iiilili;s),  liamlinn,  rattan  raiirs,  ami  ntlirr 


iniii;i'iirrs,  wliirli    ini 

alirr  tn  tlir  fnrrsts  that  linn  tlir 


part  a  )iic'nliarly  i,'iacrtni   appi 


rnasts 


Thi;.S('  Inrrsts  arr  triialitrd    liy  lint  li'W  liinls  of  Inil 


ii' 


m 


i  i  i' 

I 


' 


236 


AM<   ROUND  TIIK    WOllIiD. 


li.'int  |p1iiin.iL.'i'.  Till'  iinlivi'  )iiL,'i'<'ii,  is.  linwrviT,  ic- 
iiiiiiUiilili'  t'oi  ll>  i'\i|iii-.iu'  l.c.iiil  v  :  mill  \\  itii  tlu'  rMTp- 
tJMii  lit'  till*  sM'j  Mini  liic  nmIiI  lioiir,  tlii'i'c  ix,  as  in  tlic 
Nikiil'iir  1>I:iimIs.  a  rniii|ili-ti'  aliMiU'c  nt"  ini.iilni|icils. 
That  wliirli  rriiili'iN  tin'  Ainlaiii.iii.s  ]iiTiiiiis  in  llir  cvi's 
ot"  till'  stnilrnt  ot'  Ciivii  r,  aii'  tlic  ininiliiTs  of  |urlty 
SulaiiLiaiii'  swallows  [Ulnniilii  i:irii/t  nfn),  i'\i'V  lliltini; 
nluiiil  tin-  iiM'ky  I'liasis,  mill  wliirli  cunsniirt  ill  tin- 
I'avi's  till'  niiiL'li  I'liM'li'il  nrsts  mi  tssrntial  to  C'liimsi' 
«')iiriuiaiiisiii. 

A  liltli"  niiiri>  tinn  two  vi'iirs  ai;o,  a  iialf  military 
anil  liall'sricniilii"  niis.siim  was  ilrs|ialrlit'il  iVoni  llriii.'al 

♦  o  explore  tlio  An'laiiian  Isl.nnls,  with  the  viinv  to 
forinins;  ii  coiivirt  si'ttlriiii'nt  tlnro  Tho  mission  was 
jifcsiili'il  iivrr  Ipv  I  >r.  .Mmiat,  ami  was  ai'i'ompanii'il, 
among  otluTs  Is  M.  Alallitli",  a  French  )iliotoi,'ia|ihir 
nrtist,  to  wlmni  we  are  inilihteil  I'ur  the  aeeoiint  of 
(he  in'meeiliii^s  of  the  expeilitiun.  as  also  lor  the 
hkrii'lii's  wliirh  illiistrale  it. 

The  niissinii  (Miiliarkeil  from  t^ileiitta  on  the  I'iinl  of 
NoM'Milier,  IS-'i7.  in  the  ste.^mer.  /'/kAi.  a  vessel  of  |(il' 
tons.  I'omiiiamleil  hy  Captain  I'akir;  ami.  after  some 
(lelav  oil' the  eiia-t  of  riiiiiiiah.  reiuheil  roil  ( 'oiuwallis. 
ill  the  north  of  (iranil  Amlaman.  on  the  lllh  of 
l>eei'iiil'er. 

A  pirliniinary  leeonnaissaiu'e  of  the  eoiinlry  was 
elleiteil  without  any  o]iposition  on  the  part  of  the 
inhaUitaiils.  In  every  tliieition  the  same  exnlieianee 
of  vi'LTc  tation  was  metwitli  —  virgin  forests  eovereil  the 
laml.  On  the  ll'th,  the  strainer  left  I'oit  foniwallis 
for  allot  1  erst  it  ion.  wheie  traee.sof  the  nati\fs  appi  .iieil. 
ami  the:  iheiiiselvi's  were  soon  maile  oiit  ;  Int.  not 
withslamliiiiT  the  si!,'ns  of  friemlsliip  maile.  ami  the 
plai-ini.' of  presents  within  their  reaeli.  they  eoiihl  not 
lie  imliiii'il  to  eomiiinniiate  with  the  visitors,  ami  liny 
haileil  their  re-i'iiiharkntion  ^^itll  tnmnliuons  shouts  ol 
iletiaiu'O.  tin  the  I  llh.  aiiotlier  jioint  w;i.s  ri'ioL:in>eil, 
for  there  was  no  water,  when  the  tialives  wmilil  not 
conimunieate.  This  .system  was  )ierM'Vrreil  it.  for  live 
or  six  ilays,  ihiriii';  whieh  \arions  lamliii;;  jii.iees  were 
exploii'il,  various  ileseeiits  were  niaiie,  a  little  shootiiii; 
was  earrieil  en.  ainl  some  .sharp  eollisions  with  the 
Amlamans  took  jilaee. 

It  w,is  not  till  the  "Jlst  that  a  plare  was  foiiml 
a.lapli'il  for  the  estalilishment  of  a  eonviet  eoloiiy. 
'I'lie  I'eslivitii'S  of  (hiistmas  l>ay  hail  hein  ix.iily  lele- 
hraleil,  ami  the  next  ilay  the  exploration  of  the  >  oast 
was  eoiitiimeil.  when,  on  attiiii]''iiii;  to  doiilile  the 
extremity  of  the  tripartite  (ir.iml  Amlaman.  the  /V»^l. 
lieiiij;  in  a  eliaiinel  lietwn  n  the  niain'ainl  ami  an  islainl 
not  wilier  than  the  Seine  at  Paris,  the  An.laiii.ins  maile 
tlioir  appearaiue  arnieil.  ami  )ii  their  war  eanoes.  ami 
U  onee  maile  for  the  steamer.      iXm   ]i.  '-'-"tii). 

UoetiH'  Mouat,  aiionipanieil  liy  l>r.  I'l.iyfair.  I  .  iit 
Heathcote.  ami  M.  .Mallite,  with  twelve  men  wiil 
aiiiieil.  took  to  one  hoat  Mr.  Toji'.'i'ave  ami  the 
siiri;i'i)n  of  the  I'lutn.  with  eiu'lit  men,  niaiiiieil  another. 
The  inoveineiit  of  tlie  whites  was  eareliillv  seaiineil 
liy  the  natives.  (  in  vilim;  seven  loili,'  laliois,  they 
took  tho  ilireetion  tiom  Smith  lieef  Islam!  towarih 
Interview  Islaml.  The  Knulish  iliil  not  hesitate,  they 
seereti'il  their  arms  ami  foUoweil  vi]i  the  s.ivai.'eselosely. 
No  einl  of  tiities  h.nl  lieen   irot  tOL'etlier  as  jne.sents  to 

•  oiiiiliate.  aii'l  hamlkerehiefs  were  waveil  in  siitn  of 
fiiiinlship.  lait  notwithstaniliin:  tliese  ileinoiistrations. 
tiie  .Amlamans  assnimii  a  more  a  il  more  ho.stile 
attitmle.  ami  a  shower  of  armws  liegan  to  rain  upon 
the    boats  occupied    hy   the    whites.      The   hitter   were 


thus  olilii.'iil  to  have  recourse  to  their  arms,  mnl  eveiiil 
savam's  wi  re  killiil  or  wonmleil  in  this  ileploral'le  coii- 
lliet,  ami  one  of  the  ai,'i;ressi\c  wan  ioi-s  fell  into  l!lo 
hanils  of  the  I'n^'lish, 

The  coiiili.it  iliil  not  pa.ss  overwilhont  ilis;i^i  i  eiilile 
coiisei|nini  IS  to  the  whiles:  one  of  the  l'!ni,'lisli  oltieers 
was  strmk  liy  an  arrow,  a  sailor  was  woniiileil.  .iml 
M.  IMallille  wa.s  .somehow  or  other  hit  hv  a  sir.tv  hall. 
The  contest  was.  howcMr,  of  hiief  iliiralioii.  the 
.\mlainaiiH  soon  jjave  way.  ami  the  chaiiin  1  was  left 
open  to  the  Kiii;lisli.  The  latter,  lioweMr.  iliil  not, 
after  this  nntowanl  oeeiii  leliee,  persevere  w  illi  their 
researches;  lait  they  took  their  way  haik,  wnli  their 
prisoner,  to  ("alcnlta. 

The  result  of  their  ex|ilorations.  as  eoinmnniiatiil  to 
lis  hy  A!.  Mallitle  is,  that  the  Amlamans  :  re  anion;; 
the  most  savaue  ami  nnciviliseil  rares  of  the  Inilian 
ocean.  Their  hal  itatioiis  are  of  the  most  riiilinientaiy 
ihaiaeter.  Kotir  slakes,  coven  il  with  a  roof  of  palm 
Icavi  s.  is  all  that  is  iiecessary  to  constiinle  a  mansion 
for  an  .\iiilaiiiaii  family,  ami  in  sinli  a  milil  climate  so 
primili\e  a  constrmtion  is  nally  all  that  is  waiiteil. 
The  nnmhcr  appears,  however,  from  the  plioloeraph, 
to  imiease  prohalily  with  the  nniiihcr  of  the  family. 
Their  hills  are  open  to  every  hree/e,  ami  they  are 
internally  ilecoiateil  with  loins  of  wihl  luar.s,  shells, 
or  turtle.  ;iml  i,'reat  lish,  tieil  louellier  in  festoons.  No 
iniMcalion  of  the  |<ietemlcil  ciiinil  .ilisiii  o|  tiic  inhaliit 
mit.s  was  met  witli  ;  all  the  riseairlns  m,nle  upon  this 
)ioiiit  were  ill  viiin,  ami  no  hiiinaii  hone  came  to  testily 
to  a  liorriMe  ctistom,  too  oltin  a  repioach  auaiii't  the 
ilark  raci  s  of  (tceaiiia.  As  far  as  the  Aml.imans  are 
coiMcineil.  it  is  ipiile  siilliciriit  to  he  williout  the  fr.i- 
tern  ly  of  men.  ami  nniilen  is  of  all  who  .ire  not  of 
theniMlM's.  whether  thrown  hy  the  li  mpcst  on  their 
coasts,  piacernlly  explolimi  llie  resoarees  of  the  la,.il.  or 
ilcsiroiis  of  opeiiiiii;  it  to  iiiterconrse  ami  eomnierie. 
witlioiit  aililiiii;  to  sm  h  sav.iiie  harhaiily  the  loathsome 
crime  III  anthropo)ili,i^y.  Smli  a  piai  lice  is  not.  imlccil, 
consistent  with  the  climate. 

The  origin  ol  this  race  if  people,  so  dillercnl  in  their 
ap|iearaiice  ami  slate  of  ii\ilisaiiiii  I'loin  any  of  the 
races  on  the  continent,  or  the  ueitjlihonring  islamls, 
whose  ileteniiineil  hostility  to  Kniopeaiis.  ami  ilisin- 
clinatioii  lo  intereoiii'se  with  strangers,  anionnts  to  a 
]ia.ssion.  has  heen  a  snliject  for  much  speculation,  it 
has  hi  ell  generally  ailniitteil  that  the  jie.  pie  to  whom 
tliev  hear  the  greatest  resemlilance  in  their  )Mr.-oiis  ami 
ilispiisitioiisiire  themo]i  licaili  il  I'l  ]inansof  New  tiuinca; 
Imt  how  they  shoiihl  have  louml  ihcir  way  to  so  great 
a  ilistame  in  their  frail  cam  is.  it  is  ililti.  nil  to  imaiiine. 
,M.  Mallilte  ailiis  his  teslimonyto  this  lai  t.  th.it  the 
Anilam.iiis  lielong  to  the  ilark  race  which  is  \ariously 
known  umler  the  names  of  Tapiians.  Alliiius.  Kmla- 
meiie.s,  iir  Amlamans.  Adas,  or  Negritos  ;  they  are 
imleeil  of  a  ]ialpalile  hlai  k.  In  heiiihl  they  selilom 
cxeieil  live  feet,  their  lieails  are  large  ami  sunk  in  the 
shoiililcrs.  their  hair  if*  woolly  as  with  their  Afiican 
congeners,  ami  the  ahiloineii  is  piotnl  eraiit  at  the 
ex]iense  of  the  lower  liiiilis.  which  are  spare,  ainoii:,' 
the  geiieialilv  of  imliv  iilual.s.  They  live  in  a  .stale  of 
)ieifeit  luiility.  niilcss  we  iiiiy  i  onsiiler  as  a  kiliil  of 
clothing  the  plastering  their  hoilies  with  yellow  ochre 
ami  clav,  a  juactiee  remlenil  |iositi\ely  ncces.sary  as  a 
proteition  ai.'.iiiist  the  attacks  of  insects,  which  swarm 
in  the  air  ami  wouhl  otherwise  be  ii  conslant  torment 
111  them.  This  plasterin;.'  theiiiselM'!^  with  yellow, 
ami  the  custom  of  painting  their  faces  ami  woolly  he.-  ils 


THE   ISLANDS  OF   THE   INDIAN    AND   EASIKRN    SEAS. 


willi  ml  iii'liri',  (liii'-f  iioi  trinl  I  i  iiiiprovr   tlicir   mii.ir 

illlv  Imll'illls  ll|i|H':llMll(l'.  'I'llr  |l  l|lllliltinll  (if  (lie  (ill.Mt 
Aiiiiiiimii.    it    ii   niiijcctiin'il,    lines    imt    I'xrrcil    '2,,'tUti 

lllTsclllS.    Mini    lIll'V    llllill'    ili      Hill  ill      Silcil'lil'S,     tllllli     IIIIIVC 

:iliiiiii  tVoiii  oiii'  [iirt  lit'  llii'cust  In  iiiinilipr   111   search 

nfl I. 

All  llii'  riH'iiiiil.'i-  lit"  the  most,  ciinti'iiiiiliious  ilis'liin, 

MIVS  M.  MllliUi'.  Ilavc  lil'l'll  i'\ll:lll>l  'ij  vvitli  |i'L»,iri|  In 
tlirsi'  savages.  We  timl  lllelil  mirselves  to  lie  iiiiirli 
less  liiileniis  lliaii  many  Aiislraliaiis.  Is  it  i|iiit  '  true 
alsi)  tliiil  tlie  Aiiilaiuans  are  "aiiioi,!,'  the  Inwest  in 
the  scale  of  hiiiiianilv/  Have  nut  the  Itiiriiiese. 
whn  iio  to  cut  wenil  in  their  islaiiil,  Miel  ti  olililii 
eililile  Mests,  exaj;;;erat,eil  the  cruelty  nl' these  uisiilars  ( 
The  |irisniier  who  was  taken  tn  ('alciitta.  wliere  he  die  I 
nf  ciiiisuni|ition,  iliil  imt  exhiliit  any  ferncity  ;  Imt.  he 
wxs  always  grievinj,'  ami  |iiiiiiiL,'  for  his  lative  country. 
Thanks  to  this  |innr  sa\a'.;e,  the  cerlaiiitv  was  aei|iiire:| 
lh.it  the  language  of  the  .\nclaiiians  hail  no  allinily 
with  that  s|inken  at  'renasseriin.  no  iiiore  than  it  lia'l 
with  the  iilioni  in  nse  at  the  Nikoliar  Islamls. 

In  oilier  to  hotter  eninpreheml   the   liivl    iiii.,'iii   of 
these  |ieo|ilu,  who  seem  as  it  were  cast  away  up  m  the  , 
iniliaii  Ocean,  itwoiihl  peilia|is  re(|iliie  tosliiily  lietler 
tli:iii  has   hitherto  lieeii   ilone    the  liirlianms    nli mi-i   of 
the  Islanil  of  W'aigiyii  in  the  centre  of  Xew  (J'liii  '.i,  or 
even  (corrupted  as  they  are)  more  of  the  lil.ick  I'apiians 
who  wander  on  the  shore  of  I  )niery,  and  of  whose  Ian 
Ullage   the   natiir.UisI     L-ssnii    obt  lined    a    voealmlary, 
uiidniihleilly   very  limited,    hut  still    iimst   preciniis  to 
liiinj,'raphisl-i.       [t    is    not    a    lit  lie    rem.irkalile    thit 
iliesc  negrnes  of  the  nceaii,  whn  frnin  their  persistent 
lior-tilitv   to    Kiiropeaiis   have   lieen   In  >ked    iipnii   liy  sn 
iiiiiny  travellers  as  next  to  liriiles   in  point   of  intrlli 
geiice,  and  as  disinherited  of  aliiinst  all  the  prern;;.!!  ive-i 
of  the  Iniiiian  race,  have  a  system  of  enunciation  more 
I  iiiiplcte  thin  that  of  some  sav.iges  of  America  and  of 
I'nlviiesia.  and  wlm  I'.irm   eonsider.ililr  trihivs,  to  wlinin 
it   is  ciislomiiy    lo   yr.mt   a  reputation    for    i   eerl  lin 
aiiiniint  of  civilisation. 

An  examination,  which  was  ed'ected  liy  t'nrce  of  arms, 
nf  Siiiue  of  the  h  ihitat ions  of  the  .\ndam.ins.  spread 
.dnie,'  the  shores  of  the  gre.it    isl.ind.   all'orded   a    i'cw 

ethnnlngieal    fiets   reg.irding   the.se    | pie    which    we 

were  not  previniisly  in  possession  of  It  was  aseor-  ! 
tained,  tor  example,  that  their  weiipniis  of  >var  and 
for  hiintiiig  and  tisliing,  were  maniifaetured  with 
iMie  skill.  The  hows  of  the  Andamaii-i  are  made  of 
.1  kind  of  iron  wood,  which  presents  a  great  resistance, 
ami,  at  the  same  time,  assumes  a  most  gr.icefiil  form  ; 
i!i(ir  arrow.s,  which  they  direct  with  no  small  ellect. 
are  fniir  feet  ill  length,  and  are  of  three  kinds, 
iiiaile  out  nf  very  hard  wood  ;  they  are  all  iiiiiied  with 
Miy  tine  pniiit^.  Mime  are  simple,  ntliers  Imrlii'd,  and 
the  third  descriptiiiii  has  a  mn\  ealile  harpnon  — no  don  I  it 
used  for  tisliing.  The  oars,  or  pagays,  which  the 
.\iidaiiians  ply  with  dexterity,  are  slinrt  ami  cnloiircd 
red,  hut  the  hatchets  with  which  they  coiistriu-t  tlieir 
Cannes  are  coarse  inslruineiits,  coiisistiiig  of  a  more  or 
less  rnimded  and  sli.iip  stone,  fastened  lo  a  haliiUe  liy 
cnrds  of  vegetalile  lilires. 

The  .\ndaiiiaiis  are  imt  an  agricultural  |ienple,  they 
.ire  true  ichtliyophagists.  The  sea  that  liatlies  their 
islands  aliniind;  in  excellent  tish  ;  .soles,  mullet,  and 
nyster.s  constitute  their  chief  alimentary  resources  llui  [ 
scimetime.s,  in  had  weather,  tish  fails  them,  and  they 
then  devniir  the  lizards,  rats,  and  mice  that  alinund  in  i 
their   wouds  ;    some   also  sjiy,  snakes.     A    little    innre  ] 


iiiliislry  wniill  cnaMe  t'lem  tn  liiid  an  aliiindant 
vegetalile  liind  in  I'leir  winU.  Ilamlltnn,  in  his  A'k.v^ 
lllilhtil  Ult-.ill  il\  s.iys,  oil  the  MllllnrilV  nl'  Syiiie,  that 
the  liread  fruit  tree  exists  there,  and  I  ill'  siiiie  all- 
Ihority  declare-,  that  there  are  ipiicksilver  niiiics  in  the 
iiilei'ior.  Others  decl.'irc  that  the  fruit  of  the  man 
glnve  is  alliinsi  the  only  vcijetalile  siilistanee  in  the 
isl.iiids  that  is  tit  for  fund,  l.'nena  nut  trees,  which  are 
sn  plentiful  and  sn  prnlilic  linihniitlie  cnnlinent  and 
in  the  nei^lilioiirini;  Nikohar  Isl.inds,  are  .said  ne\er  In 
have  lieeli  planted  ill  the  .\iii|am:in  Islands.  The 
palm  tigured  in  M.  .Mallille's  lieaiililiil  plin|n;.'rapli. 
and  ascended  liy  means  nl  .1  remarkalily  in^'i'iiimis 
liamlinn  III'  rattan  ladder,  is  the  i.atania,  m'  riniii'linii 
palm,  called  li'iiiiier  liy  the   I'reneh.  (Sn;  p.  lilt. ) 

It  is  nntaliille  reiiiarkalile,  that  iint wil  lislaiiding 
the  ill  feeling  eie.'eiidere.l  liy  the  liiiti\ es  nf  t he  .\ii- 
ilauian  Islands  wiili  the  Knglish,  liy  their  nMii 
linstility  and   their   murderous   propeiisil  les.  and  which 

have,  no  llnlllil,  given  nrigin  tn  Nunie  dei,'lei'  nt'  llei-llijiv 
ill  speaking  n)i  them  wliicdi  has  lieeii  cninmeiilid  up m 
liy  innre  dispassiniiate  foreigners,  that  the  niii;iiial 
cliari,'!' lit'  caiiiiili.'ilisiii  did  not  cniiie  fmni  the  l'!iiulis|i. 
liiit  actually  dates  t'ar  hack  hefnre  the  ('ape  ot'  (Innd 
I  Inpe  wa^  dniililed  liy   Vascn  de  ( iaiua.  and    any    Muin 

peali    li.'id    iia\igated    the    Iniliaii    (> in        Winn    the 

.Miiliamm.'iilan  Ira'-llers  nf  the  time  nf  the  Khalifat, 
and  of  whose  travels  licnaiiilni  has  gi\en  an  account, 
descrihe  ih.'  Indian  (Iceaii,  they  make  iiarticnl.ir  liien- 
liiin  III  ilie  Kaiiiiii  Islaiids.  iiih.iliile.l  liy  caiiiijlials, 
.mil  \vlii,li  .sep.irale  I  he  Sea  nf  lleikiiiil  finlii  that 
nf  ( 'lielael  ;  I  liey  .sn  nieiilinii  nl  lieivs  which  lhe\ 
call  .N.I  jali.ihis,  and  then  lliey  cnmc  In  ihe  .\  ndaiii.'ins, 
.ind  We  iMiisI  jiidL;e  liy  the  exiiggeratinii  which  thev 
permit  to  iheiusclve^  111  ihiir  physical  dcseripl  Inn  of 
these  uiitnrtiinat.'  races,  of  the  little  fiilh  that  can  lie 
put  in  their  stat"menls.  The  |  eople  who  iiihahil  the 
coast,  lliry  s:iy,  imi  ra»v  liiimni  llesh,  Thev  are  Mack, 
iiave  wnolly  air.  eyes  and  face  I'righlfiil,  feel  very  large, 
and  a  ciiliit  in  length,  and  are  ipiile  naked.  "They 
li.ive  1111  linats,  and.  if  they  had  any,  thev  wnii'd  iinl 
eat  all  the  peasants  wlinin  they  could  catch."  We 
snppnsethe  last  para'.;r.ipli  is  an  o\  crsiglil  of  Heiiaudurs, 
and  that  lie  meant,  thev  Wdiild  eat  all  thev  cniild 
cat. -hi 


'  'I'lii' (irij^iiial,  ii-i  ;;'ivrn  111  tin-  Kiiirli-li  tiMiisl;ilinn  fionitlii-  Aliln' 
UriiiiUiloi  l)y  Harris,  ami  iii-^t'rteil  in  I'iiiktTton's  t'oiloilinii,  i^  as 
foU.m's:  - 

'rin'sc  islands  (IslamU  of  Itaiiini),  sqvirntt'tho  si*a  of  Ilcrki'ttd 
tV.Mii  the  sra  ot'  ln'lalict.  a'nl  hfunui  tlicm  an'  otluTS  cullrti  Naja- 
Imlii-^,  wiii.'li  aiv  pretty  utll  pcoplcti;  Imt  tlic  im-ti  ami  \V(niu'ii 
tluTc  p)  iiakrtl,  WthMi  -;liiM|iinij  is  amnn'^st  tlu-ir  slainls,  the 
iiili:il)itaiitR  cnino  oll'to  rinbiirkations  ;ttiil  tinnj^  willt  Itii'  u  ainliiT- 
irris  ami  cnccvi-huts,  wliirh  tlM'v  tnu-k  tor  iron  ;  tor  tiny  want  no 
cIolniiLr.  l)fiii^'  tV.-o  troin  tlir  im*  invciiiciio's  citln-r  nC  lu-it  or  culd. 
M.'  ond  tlu'-ii-  two  isliiuU  lid-;  till-  Atidaniaii  Si'a.  Tlir  jxopli'on 
til's  coast  iMt  loiniaii  lli'^li  i|Miti'  rtvv  :  tlicir  ruinjiltxion  is  liiack, 
tln'ir  hair  tVi/z-d,  tlit'ir  ((Minti'iiaiic-H  a!id  cys  iVii^'lilful  tluir  feci 
an-  very  kir.M-  and  al  iio%t  a  culiit  in  Icnu'tli.  and  they  jo  ipiite 
n:ikf<i.  Thi-y  iiavc  no  sort  ol' hiirk",  orotluT  vi'sm'Is;  il  they  Imd, 
tlu-y  would  rtiMi'.i'  and  di-vonr  ail  tin*  pa.ssen^ors  they  could  lay 
li  inds  on.  \VlnMi  «liips  Imvc  hciMi  kept  liack  by  rontrary  winds, 
tlicy  arc  often  in  tlicsc  seas  uhliL^cd  to  drop  anchor  on  t  lii^  li;irl»a- 
rons  coast  for  the  sake  of  water,  when  they  liave  expended  tlteir 
■«t'<ck  :  and  iijion  these  oeea-^ions  they  commonly  lose  some  "t'  their 
men.  Iteyoii  i  thistlieie  is  a  ntomitainoiis  and  yet  inhahited  l-^lioid, 
where  it  is -ad.  tliere  are  mines  tif  silver  ;  hnt,  as  it  diM'- not  lie 
in  tlie  usual  tr;iek  of  shippui;,  many  have  MinLrlit  f">r  it  in  v;un, 
thoM;;li  remarkahle  for  a  very  lofty  niountnin,  which  is  Cidled 
Kathend.  It  once  so  happened,  that  a  ship  sailing:  in  thcKO  lati* 
1  ade^  liiul  sight  of  the  numntnin,  and  shaped  her  course  lor  it,  an.; 


\y 


■^M 


ATT.    P'MiN'I>    Til"    WniM  n 


It   is   ti)  lie  cliMrlv   sn'ii   rrmii   tliix  ciiiiinis   |iiissj|i;( ,  1  wlii'ii  tlicv  iin  t  w  il  li  llirin,  ainl  otir  liinr   h  |i;ili  il  i  Inin. 

lliiit,  ill    till'  til r   Ihiriiii-iilK.isiliiil,  till'   Mill:iii  lit'  mill  H'lVi'  III!  i|ii;iriii' (ci  till' Aiiil:iiiiiiiiN. 

till'  llllllVt'l|iHI>    ir;;ili(l>.   llir    |i  TiiiiiHIS   Aliii.lllllllis,  willl  ('il|illlill     lljllllilliill     >]|W    It    ll.ltiM'    (if    liu'    AllillllllMII 

t'liM  a  cliliil  ill  K'liytti,  liilisl    liavi'   ilitcKtnl    I  lir  I'na.st  nf  l>liiiiils  al    Atrliiii  in     |(!1I4.     This  limn  Was  iiliiiiit  linty 

Malacril.  wlii'iii  c   tlicv  liiiM'  siiii'i'  luili   cxiiillril  to  tlir  Vrais  ut'  a^'''     NV  Inn  ii  linv    trii  nr  tui'Ur  Mills  nC  ni-c, 

i-laiiils   wliicii    iiiiw    ln'ar  tlicir  iiiiiiir.       I'lilin'liiliali'ly  in'  a('rii|ii|iaiiiril  liis  t'allici' in    tlii'  wars,  imil    was  taken 

loi'   tiiosi'    willl    iiiij^lil    ciilri'laiii    iilras  III'  instiliiliiii;  a  |ii'iMinii' ;   iiiiilliis  yuiitli  ni'iiiiiiiiriiiliMi.'   Iiiin   tniiiiirv. 

Iiiiiilrij   llaliiiity  riiiii|>aiiy   tin'  wnrlxiiii;  tlic    Ainlaiiiaii  I lii'V  saM'il   liis  iiti',  iiinl  niaili'  liiiii  u  sl:i\r.      Aliii  lir 

ijiiii  ksiivi'i'    niiiii's,    it    nmmiIiI    a|i|ii'ar    tliat     tlii>    sanic  liail   rmit  iiiiii'il   so    tliirc   nr  I'mii'  M'ars,  lie  was   caiiiiil 

Aialiiaii   iiairativis  nt'  Iravfl,  nf  wiiirli   Siiiliail  is  niiK  tu  Alrliiii,   tn    lii-    sniii    I'm'   rlnlii,  kiilMs.  ami   IhIkiih, 

all    i'|iiMiili',   s|HMk      Isii  lit'  an    i.>laiiil   in   llii'   liusniii   <  I'  wliii'li    arc   tin'   I'liiiiiiiiHliiiis  must   waul  iml.' ann'iiL,' t  lir 

wliirli  is  lilt'  liioiilil;,iii  ol   Katliilial  -    |ins>ilily  llic  .siliir  Niknliais.       Tlii'    Ali-liilii'ls    liriii^'  Aluliniiiiiiiiilalis,  ilijs 

us   Saililli'|M'iik — ami    rrnlii    wliii-ii    llir    liiiiii,'    nt'    tlif  l"'.\  s     |iatrii|i    lucil     liiiii    ii|i    in     tlial     iili'jinii.    ami 

wiiiiils  causes  strcaiiis  of  )iiiri'  silvrr  III  lliiw  !      It  wniild  ■'"ine  years  al'ltr.  liis  niaslir  ii_\  inj;,  ;;a\r   Inin   lii^   liee- 

seein  as  it'   tiiis  Salaeeiiie    I  laMllel's   tale  liail    lieeli  tlie  iliilii.        Me,    lia\  iiii;    a    ^'leat    desire    tn   see    liis    iiali\(' 

liasis    I'd!'   till'    le;,'eml  iit'  iiiines  nf  i|iiicksilver.   Imt,  as  eimiiliy.  Iimk  a  |iraliii  :   ami  'lie   nmntlis  nf  1  iei,iiiilier. 

Sir  .hums    I'linersnii    'rennaiit    lias    justly  i-eihaikeil    in  ■laimaiy,    ami     Kelniiaiy   lieiiij;    lair    wiatliir.    ami    llie 

liis  ttnrk  (111   t 'eyldli,  we    (Uiiilit    mil  In  lie    Inn  liasly  in  sea  siiinnili.  lie  Miilnidl    tn    tlie   sea,  in   niili  r  In  ;;n  tn 

ca-tiii;;   riilieiile    n|i(iii    tliese   naiiali\(s  nt"  travel    llial     lii^n»i I  ly,  rmni  tlie  islands  of  (Imiiiis  and  ( liilln 

allliei|iatei|    tlinse    nf    Klirn|ieaiis.       In    a     iri  ii;,'la|i|iii  al  liey,  w  iiieli    lie    near  Alcllill.      Here    llie   snill  In  I  lilnnst 

|iiiiiit  of  view,  lliey    ]inssess  i,;reat    value,  and  if  snim  nt    llie  Niknliais  may  lie  seen,  and    mi   niie   island   may 

limes     tliey     ennlaili     slatenielils     wliicli    appear     mar  I"'  seen  flnin  alinther,  frntii  the  snlllhel  niiinst    nf   tlinx' 

\ellnlls,    llie     nivslery    is   nl'leli     eNplailieil    away     hy    a  In     l.illle    A  nil.iliiali,  w  liieli  is  the  .sniil  liei  niiinst  i  '    llie 

iiinre  miiiiile  and  careful  iiii|iiiry.  .\  ndani.uis,    that   are    dislaiil    iVniii    Alcliin    almiil   niie 

A     settleiiient     was    atteliiplcd     hy    the     Kii',;li>li     in  hiimlred    le,ii.'iii>.       Arriiin;:    amniii;    his    lelalinlis.    he 

."lM,iin    the   sniitli  part    nf  ihe    l.irt;esi    island,  which  "as  made  welcnme,  with    j;i(al  dt  imiiislr.iiiniis    nt    jnv 

jicltleiliellt   was,  twii  years  aflerwards,  reliinved  tn   I'ml  In    see    him    alive  wlinlii    they  expecled    tn    liaM-    Inli;; 

i 'nrnw.il'is,     near    the    nnl'lheni    end.      t 'lie    nlijeel    fnr  luen  deid. 

iiiakiin;    this     eslaMislimeiit     was,    ihe    ]ins.-essinn    nf  ,i  lla\  iiii,'  relaini  d   his    nali\('   lanu'iiai,'e,  he  :,'.i\  e  iheiii 

eniill linns    hailiniir   mi    the    easi    side   nf    I  he    jiay  nf  an  accniilit    of  his   ad\  elil  liIVs  :    and    as    ihe  .\iidamal.^ 

T'cliual.  which    liiii,'lil    lie  a  place  nf  shelter    dnrili;;  the  ha\  e  im  linliniis    nf   a    deily,  lie  aeipiaililed     llamwilli 

prevalence  nf  the  linrlh  east   mnnsdnii.      The  place  «as  ihe  kiinwlei|i.'e  he  had    nf  a  (Ind,  and  wmild    have    per 

aliandniied    in     17!'li,    in    ciin.sci|iiem c    nl'   its    pnnim.'  siinlcd    his   cnunlrynieii    In    Icirn    nf   him    ihe   wav   In 

extremely  prejudicial  In  the  health  nf  the  .scllhis.       Il  adnic  ( liiij,  and    sn   nliey  liis    laws  ;    l.iil    he  inidd    make 

is    jirnli.ilile    that    this   disadvanl;ii,'e    mii;h|    have    hci  n  im  cmiM  rls.       \\'heii  hf  had  slaMil  a  limiti  h  np  |  wn,  he 

remedied     l.y    cle.iiiii:,'     ihe    adiaceni     dislricl.     wliicli  Innk   lca\e    In  he  ^nne  aL.'ain,  w  hich  liny  |  ii  mil  li  d,  i  n 

I  niisisls  nf  Infly   liills  c(i\cred  w  ilh  llees  and  jiinule  cmidiliin     ih.-il     he    wniild     ictiiin.       1  le   1  n  iiijhl  alnli;; 

In    ISII,    hImii    I'nri    ( 'nrnw.illis  was  \  isited    liv  ,in  wilhhim   fmir  nr  |i\  c  huiidii  d  (Muhaniiiia(l;iii)\Mii;ht  nl 

linu'lisli  ship,  very  few  vesliiies  remained  nf  this   llrilisji  ipiicksiiv  cr.  and    he    said    ihal    sniue    i.f   ilie    .Xmialiiiiii 

■I'lllcmeiit.      Suli.sei|iieiilly.  in  April,   l.^:.'!,  the   llrilisli  i-i.ilnis    aliniiiid    in    ihat    cnmiiindil  \ .        He    h.-id    made 

fi'ive.  under  ."sir  Arciiiliald  t ',iiiipliell,  desp.-itched  .•u,'aiii-t  siMial   liips  lliiilur,  and    aiwavs    limiiMhi  -i  me  ipiick- 

the    liiirmese,    a^seiiililed    in    the    hirlinur,    where  snme  silver    alniiLTwilh    him.       Snliie  fakirs  Wnlild    Imii    have 

nf  the  ships  relniined  .iliniit  a  mniilh  ;    hut     it    was  iml  accnmpaiiii  d     him    in    his    \i.\aL;e.s,    tail    Ic    Wnuld    imt 

fniiml    pn.ssilile    nil    that    necasinn.    inme    than    mi    ,iii\  sutfr  ihcin.  Iieeaiise,    he    said,  he   cmild    ml  eiii,'aj,'e  fnr 

nihil',  Ineslalilish    any    inlercmirsc    wiili    ihe    n.ilives,  iheir  safely  amniii;  lii>  cnunlrymen  ' 

w  Im    nmittcd     iin    nppiirlunily     nf    dis('har;;iin;    llnir  'I'he  naliM',  whnse  ]ilininj;raph  appears  iil  p.  206,  w.-is 

ai'inwsal  all  the  Kiirnpeans  whiicame w  ii hin  iheir  re.icli  captured  hy  .in    Kmilish  expidilimi.  carried   nil'  tn  ( 'ul 

The    Little    Andaiiian     wiis    visited    in     NnM'nilier.  cnila,  and  died  there  nf  cniisiimptinn.      ilewasalwaxs 

\!^'J'>,  \iy  thi-  fill/    Killii'    iraii^pnrl,  fnr  ihe  pnrpnse  nf  sad  and  niel.'inchnly — like  a    wild    luasi  in  a    ihii  — imi 

pi'neiii'iiiL,' w.'iler  fn|' ihc  ii-nnps  w  hich  she    Was   cnnvev  liei'ce.  Iml  i;lnmny  and   silent  — and    linaily  mnpeil  liiin- 

ilii,'    tn     Iiaiiu'nnii.     when    the     iiihaliilants    shnwed     an  selflndealh.       The   llrilisli  Jeiial  .settlelmnt  w  liich  linw 

eipially  fierce  dispiisiiimi,    .iiid    emleavniired,    as    iicirlv  exisi>inlhe    Aml.im.in     Islands,   can    hanlly  he  .said  tn 

as  pnssilile,  tn  nlistruci    nnr    ] pie    while    tilling    iheir     llniirish  ;    imii'i'd.  ll Iijcif  nf  sliikini;   ti  rrm     in   the 

w.iter c.'isks.      This  small    island    ilnes    nut    pn.s.sess    aiiv  minds    ii\^  the    niuliiimis    snldiery    Inn  iiij;    hceii    .•iceoiii 

ii.irliniir.  Iiul  has  Inlcralile  aiichnraiie  near  the  shnre.  plished.    il    will    nmst    ]irnlialily    snmi    lie    yiveii    up   as 
The  .\iii|aiiiaiis    had  a  vearlv    ciistnm  k\'  \  isitiii"  the 

Nikniiar  isl.'imis  wii  h.-^rcai  nunilier  nf  small  |iraliiis  and  ,'  "  ;','"".',""  ''l'!"'",' .'■''"'"   "'"  ""'''';'   »-''^''"  ''.^  V'''''''"'   ■^''"'■ 

I  ;ii;.    ....    1  ■              ■                                       ,.1                   v-.i  Miidii-    ihinulliin,    in    Ins    aici.iiiil    i.l   llic    I'.ii-I    linliis,    tli;,!    tlic 

kilhn-ni   takin-   prisniiers  as   many  i,t^  ihe  pnnr    Nikn-  Araliiai,  .Krv  ,.f  a  n,..niua,n  In.m    wlui,,',.  nmltcn    .-,lv,  r   tl,.«,,l, 

liariaiis    as    they    cniild     nvclc. Ihe     N  iknli.'irians  is    wliat    n'lilly    pivc  nrit;iii    in   tlu'  slory    nl    i|iiicksllM  r   iniiics 

at  last  jnined  iheir  Inrces.  and  Ljave  ihe  cannilials  li.illle,  i-xistini;   in    Ihc    interior   nf   the    Aiufiinan    islaiiil,     lail     ratliiT 

I'Mlitiiin  liumillmi's  ntvii  stiitcini'iit,    hI.cm   lie    mi_\s   lie   km  w  iiiic 

.        .  I'irj.'ii«..ri.  wlin  cuininiiiiilid  a  sliiji   tVciii    l'"i>rt    Si.'   liii.ri.'«'.  liiuinl 

r.ilhni;  111  will,  111,.   l:ii!,l,  s.nt    a  l".i,t  .ni  slmi-,.  «  ill,  l,„ii,ls  1.,  ,■,,1  li'.in.  .MaJM,,',,  to    licoL';,!,    in  cniiiiiiv   uitli   aiiollii'r   sl,!|.,    ^.oiru' 

w..n,l  ;    tlio  i,i,.ii  kiii,ll,',l   a  lire  anil  saw  silv, I'   n,i.  Iron,  ii,   w|,ic|i     t,,o  i„.:,r  oi I'ilic.\,i,l ,n    islanils",    was   driven,    li_v    llii-'"|onr 

ihanly  inilu'at.'il  111, !',' was  :,  mill.- ot  this  ii,cl..l  ill  llic  ph,,.,.;  111,. y  ot  a  si roiiL' I'lirrcnl .  oi, -"iiii'  rocks,  ,i,iil   il„.   slii|i  was  lo>i.      '1 1„. 

Mii(i|.iil  tliiTilorcas  ii,\i,-l,  ol'tlic  .ai'tl,  or  ore,  a.s  llii'v  tl,oi,L'l,t  lit",  other  sliip    was    ilriven   lhroiij,'h   a   ,'liaiiiiel    lietwi.M   two  of  the 

lut,  as  Ihi'v  Hi're  pn  cicilii.^r  on  their  voyiiL'e,  tl,e\  ini'l  will,  such  ,  same  islamls,  anil  w»s  not    alilc   to  assist    the    i<hi]iHreck,'il    eie". 

H  M'Jini,    that  to  lii:l,|,.„  Iheir  si,i]i,    they  were  miller  Ihe  lieeissily  lilil   neilher  l-'eruiuson    i,or  ali\   of  his  |,e,.|,le  were  ev,T  ninr.'  laalii 

ol  ■.liroHint;  iilltheiroie  overliiwril.     .^ini-ellial  tiiaethe  ninniilaiii  of,  which  LTave  -roiiml  to  eniijecliire   thai    tliev  were  all  .levonreil 

'"'■  ' I  I'ai'ehil  y   .soiifxlit,  Iml  il  hus  never  since  hien  fnuni'             ;  hj  those  sav;v,'  eaniiilials. 


\ 


Ilr.l   ll 


ll>  <l   llli'lll. 


II'     Alli|;llilMll 

'  iiliipiil  I'diiv 

1 1'ln.H  111'  i|i_.,._ 
I  «;i>  l;iki'ii 
iij    III  iiii'ii'\ . 


All, 


till.; 


.'    lllllnllL.'   lllr 

ii.'iilariSj  iliis 
■liv'ii'ii.  ■•iiiil 
III   lii-   li 

Ilin    Il.'llJM' 

1  Irtillilii  T. 

■r.   .■Hill    lli|. 

ill-    In    L,'i>    III 

iilnl  ( llllln 
mill  I  iiiiii<>l 
i>liiliil    liiiiv 

>t      I  if     tllll.M' 

lin.st  (i'  till' 
iiliuiil    (iiir 


ill--    n|    ji.y 


,l,MV  !■  Ilirlii 
.\  Iiihiliiiii.^ 
till  III  Willi 
Imvi'    per 
lie   Wiiv    til 


T  I  "II,  III 


IIL'llt    MJuIi:,' 


luilt   III 


Aiiil.'iiiii 


rti'llill     lint 

liiiiiL't'  lor 


2o6,  M 
til  (• 


sinl  til 
in   till- 


Uiui  Alr\- 
'.  Iliiit  tin: 
.  r  tl..\Mil, 
l\  I  r  iiiiiifs 
ill!  nilliir 
km  w  line 

IL'I'.    lli'llll.l 

I'l'.  i-'i'ii.;: 
till'  (■..i(v 
..>!.  -Jl,,. 
"II  lit'  I  111' 


I 


VIRGIN  FORKST  IN  RAR-MRur.AK  ^Nl'IAN  UCKAN). 


fl^ 


I  J 


Jl    I  , 


Ifel    ii''    ;  ,! 


r« 


I'Al.M    IRIK   IN  tiRLAT  AMiAMAN. 


■,  I 


I     I 


:lil: 


'.U'.'!   T 


THE    ISLANDS   OF  THE   LNDIAN    AND    EASTKltN    ^E\S  243 

ist     ]ii(nisi)oii,    and   remain    in    i>i>rt    ri'tiiilini,'    tluir 


an  «x)>priment  at  onoe  cruel  and  iisolcss.  To  cxpeot 
tip  n'chiim  siivajjcs  l)y  a-isciriatiiij;  tln'iu  wilh  tlmse 
wlioMi  civilisi'd  society  lias  thrown  out  from  itself,  is 
like  an  atteniipt  to  bring  n[i  an  infant  child  by  ft'ediug 
it  with  poisouL 

v.— SINGArORE. 

FlloM  the  Nikciliar  Islands  tlh'  Austrian  ex]>c- 
dition  inadf  the  best  of  its  way  to  Sin:;a|(iiri',  when' 
tli(!y  were  entertaiiieil  at  the  "  ma!;nifii-eiit  hotel," 
••  Ks|M'ranza,"  at  11  cost  of  3^  Sjianish  dollars,  or  I'J 
frillies  [)er  diem. 

"  Siiig.ilioie,"  said  our  Austrians,  "  is  a  free  jiort  in 
tiie  full  aeee|itaMee  of  the  word,  open  to  the  tla;,'s  of  all 
nations,  without  any  distinetinn,  and  its  limises  of 
eommeree  behnif,'  to  inerehants  who  jirofess  the  most 
various  relij;ions.  This  unlimited  liberty  lias  iiujiressed 
a  prodigious  aetivity  upon  the  eity,  and  gives  to  it  the 
eharaeter  rather  of  an  American  colony  than  of  a  town 
in  Asia." 

Libertv  of  >  press  is  also  as  extended  as  can  bo 
iiossllily  desired,  and  iiitidiectual  deM'lopinent  is 
coiisecpiently  very  rapid.  The  two  principal  journals 
would  be  creditable  in  Kuro|H^  ;  one  is  an  hebdomadal 
i'luriial,  the  Si aiidpure  '  ree  jV'e»'.<  ;  the  other  is  an 
e.xeelliuit  inoiitiily  re\ie\v,  the  Journal  of  the  Indian 
A  rrh  i/>iliKju. 

Ill  his  character  of  ethnologist,  ^I.  Scherzcr  was 
permilteil  to  visit  the  penitentiary  colonies,  in  which 
lie   some  2,000    convicts,    men    and    women,    trans- 


eirgoes  of  silks,  teas,  and  other  iirodncts,  until  the 
south-west  monsoon  is  fairly  set  in,  when  they  return 
to  prepare  for  another  voyiis;e,  and  thus  keep  up  a 
succession  of  iM'iiodieal  trading  visits.  They  bring 
large  numbers  of  enti'rprising  Cliiiie.se  emjgrant.s, 
together  with  abundant  supplies  of  dullars,  teas,  sill  ■;. 
chinaware,  citrous,  cas>ia,  nankeens,  jjild  thread,  and 
the  thousand  iiickiiaekeiies  for  wlijih  ( 'Innese  iii;;eiiuily 
is  famous.  Tiie  town  of  tjiiigaporo  is  built  upnii  an 
island,  sejiaiated  from  the  Malay  Peninsula  by  a 
uanow  and  scarcely  navigable  strait.  It  was.  in 
ancient  dav.s,  the  capital  of  the  kiiiL;dnni  of  .Alolurci. 
The  old  city  was  built  in  the  twelfth  eentiiiy,  and 
eoiKpiered  iiy  a  chief  I'roui  Java,  who  traii>fened  the 
roval  residence  to  Molucca.  The  |ilaee  became  a  haunt 
for  (lirates,  whoso  spirit  still  haunts  the  place  in  the 
native  models  of  the  tine  .sailing  .Malay  ]uo\vs.  The 
Kugli.sh  finally  |mt  down  the  Mui.sauce  by  taking  pos- 
session of  the  town,  by  ariaiiueiMeiit  with  the  nominal 
liajali,  in  18 ID.  The  imports  and  e\i  i  ts  about 
balance  each  other,  and  are  e.ieli  about  ln;,r  millions 
annually;  as  against  a  million  ami  a  ipiarter  in  1^2.J-l'ti. 
Huge  warehouses  and  .storehouses  border  the  harlaair 
and  the  (|uay.s,  the  ]irinei|ial  inerehants  occu|iyiiig  com- 
modious and  ta.stefid  residences  fronting  tlu'  bay,  in 
striking  constrast  with  the  frail  teiienieuts  of  tin- 
AFalays  and  the  tiltiiy  domiciles  of  the  Chinese,  who 
number  nearly  (J0,000  as  against  about  oOO  Kuidiieaiis. 
The  other  inhabitants,  to  the  extent  of  I'o.dild,  ale 
made  u]i  of  Jews,  Arabs,  Malays,  and  iiativis  of  the 
]iorted  from  all  parts  of  ]5ritiii  India.  Cajitaiu  !  neighbonriiigcoiintries ;  these coiistitntetlieslio]ikeeping 
.McNair,  the  governor,  made  a  )..'eat  number  of  these  j  and  middle  classes  ;  the  Chiiieso,  who  are  evciyv.here. 
convicts,  arranged  according  to   their  nationality,  detile  '  the  wandering  and  hanlwiu  king  Irish    of  the   J'jistern 


before  the  Austrian  «at'(i«<,  and  it  was,  hesay.s,  with 
the  liveliest  interest,  that  ho  jiassed  in  review  the 
miKscular  bodies  and  energetic  figures  of  Chinese,  M  i- 
iaharians,  Ilindhus,  La-scars,  and  lialf-castcs,  people 
of  all  colours  and  description  of  hair.  In  the  interior 
of  the  jirison,  they  are  separated  according  to  the  cate- 
gorv  of  their  crimes  ;  and    thus   one  traverses  the  divi- 


Seas,  acting  as  the  artisans,  tishermen,  labourers,  and 
small  dealers  of  the  place.  All  religions  arc  represented 
and  have  t'.ieir  ))lace  of  worship.  The  Chinese  lets 
grow  his  tail,  and  smokes  his  opium,  and  burns  incense 
to  Joss  ;  the  Arab  sports  his  tiirlian,  invokes  tlu'  name 
of  the  prophet,  and  prostrates  himself  within  the 
mosiple,  while  the  European  shaves   his   beaid,   drinks 


ion  of  thievi'.s,  of  niiirdercrs,  of  jiirate.s,  itc.  ;  a  system     London  porter,  and  taki's  his   seat   in  the   church  pew. 


(if  distribution   which   is  ]iarticularly    intere.stiiig  to  a 
phrenologist.      The   governor  ami  the  gaoler  are  Euro- j 
peaus  apiiointed  by  tlii^  tioveriimeut,  but  almost  all  the  I 
assistants  are   convicts  promoted  for   gcK.d   bch  iviour. 
•'In  such  a  visit,    necessarily    siipeificiai,"     says    M 


There  are  Chinese  temples,  .Muhammadan  iiiosipi  s,  and 
Christian  chu'i'lies. 

The  rides  .ibiait  the  city  are  most  delightful,  and  the 
bamboo  and  the  rattan  fence  fill  the  eye  with  biaufy. 
As  a  stopping  place,  and    .supply  for  I'oal,  Siiig.ipore  is 


Schcrzer,  '•  the  jirison  of  Hingapore  appearod  to  me  |  of  great  importance  to  the  English  mail  steamers.  'J'ho 
like  a  city,  the  hygienic  or  sanitary  conditions  of  wliicli  wealth}'  and  enterprising  I'eninsular  and  Oriental 
are  excellent,  where  dwells  an  active,  indu-Jriou.s,  Suam  Navigation  Company  have  elected  at  >ew 
eucrifctic  jiopniation,  subjected  to  habits  of  order  and  II;irbour,  al out  two  and  a  half  miles  fii'iu  the  town,  a 
regularity,   admiuistc-.ed    by   a   strong  and    deeply   re- ,  magnilieent  depot,  comprising,' piers,  wharve.s  co.ilsheds. 


s]iecteil   authority,     and  ollering  all  those  gnarantcv  ', 
which  .are,  as  yet,  only  .sought  for  elsewhere." 

The  port  of  Singapore  is  a  great  resort  for  shi))s  of 
all  nation.s.  Ve.s.sels  fnun  China,  Siaiii,  .Ma'..i,i, 
Sumatra,  and  the  various  com  mereial  countries  of  Knrope 
and  .\meriea,  are  to  be  seen  anchored  to;.'ether  at  tlie 
same  time,  and  to  Singapore  the  products  of  all  jiarts 
of  the  earth  are  bnuight  for  reciprocal  exchange. 
Commerce  being  actively  conducted  flourishes  there 
heyund  the  most  .singuine  antieipafions  of  those 
enlightened  and  cnteiprisiiig  men  who  but  a  few- 
years  ago  established  Singajiore  as  a  free  jmrt.  The 
resources  of  Siugapoie  itself  are  scant,  but  its  traile 
embraces  (Jhiiia,  India,  and  tlio  Archi|ielago  of  the 
Kastern  Sea.s,  Australia,  Europe  and  America.  The 
junks  come  down  from  the  Chinii  Seas  with  the  uortli- 


(containing  a  supplv  of  I'o.di  0  tons',  store-liou.-es  and 
other  bnihliugs,  such  as  would  do  credit  to  any  colonial 
establishment.  Singapore  is  in  the  course  of  the 
regular  mail  route  between  liiili:i.  China,  Aiistialia,  and 
Euro|e,  and  is  the  centre  of  a  enii.stant   jiostal  eeuimu 

nication,   by  means   of  the    Knglish  and   m r  more 

Dutch  ste.-mers,  with  Hong  Kong,  I'enaiig.  llatavia, 
Shanghai,  Calcutta,  Madras,  Heiigal,  lioiiibay.  Ceylon, 
the  Mauritius,  <,'ape  of  (iood  lloiie,  and  by  the  lied 
Sea  with  Kumiic  or  America.  Free  trade  has  done  all 
this  within  forty  years;  fiu-  in  If*  If  Singapore  was 
but  a  point  for  pirativs,  and  containccl  h'ss  than  200 
half  savage  and  halfstarveil  Malay  inhabitants  within 
ruin.'d  V  all.s. 

In  a  military  and  geogr.i|ihical  ]ioint  of  view.  Singa- 
jMjre  is  of  great  importance  to  England.      |ly    tni  iiis  of 


!     I 

■i  :    I 


! ri  ii! 


m 


t\  t 


! 


2fl 


ALL   ROUND   THE    WOULD. 


it,  iind  witli  an  efTectivc  naviil  furcc,  tlip  cntriiiico  tu  tlio 
CliiiiPse  Si';w  may  at  any  tiiiit:  Ins  oniiiiiainlt'il.  Its 
|Hisit:on  is  vastly  ailvantatfeinis  in  a  coiiiiiiurcial  j)i>intof' 
view,  it  l)('iiig  now  rcgarrled  as  tiie  eiitrejMit  for  tlio 
iiei<»lilHmrin<5  kin<;(lonis  of  Sumatra,  Jiornen,  Siani, 
Cambotlia,  ami  CochinCliiiia. 

After  a  rcsiilLTice  of  a  weeiv  at  Siii<;apoi-e — wliero  thu 
members  of  till!  expi'rlitioii  were  liuspitilily  entertained 
by  tLe  wealthy  (Jliitiese  merchant,  Wliim|i;i,  wliose 
son  studied  at  Klinl)ur^h,  !iis  tail  tucked  up  under 
his  hat — the  iVoniAt  Siided  for  Java,  the  |)araihst!  of 
the  Malays. 

VL— AN  EXdUESIOy  IX  .JAVA. 

Thkir  weeii's  stay  at  ."^insapore,  liad  rendered 
tlio  -Vustiian  exploratory  expeilition  —  from  tlie  report 
of  one  of  whose  memlMMS  wo  derive  the  following 
.uTount  of  tlie  most  recently  publislieil  visit  to  Java  — 
fully  prepared  to  enjov  the  Tariiilise  of  the  .^^alays,  as 
that  glorious  island  is  designated,  lu  thu  Eastern  Ocean. 


On  the  5th  of  May  they  cast  anclior  in  tlie  harbour  of 
iiatavia. 
I  Krom  the  port  to  the  town  is  a  tedious  hour  and  a- 
I  lialf  trans|)ort  by  canal  ;  it  really  seems  lus  if  the  Dutch 
liad  built  their  city  so  far  from  the  sea  cx|ircs.-lv  for  the 
jiurpose  of  having  a  canal  transit  to  remind  them  of 
their  own  country. 

iiatavia  is  very  far  from   jiresentiiig   scein  s  uf  coni- 

niercial  activity  such    as  are    witnessed  at  the  recently 

opened  port  of  Singapore,  and  that  notwithstanding  its 

long  establishment,  its  import.-inee,  and    its  exceptional 

jiosition,  whie'i  ouglit  to  have  assured  its  )iie-emiii'  nee. 

I  £    only    siw    there,    siiys    our   ex]peditionist,  sixtv-tive 

European   vessels,  and  one   hundred  and  twenty  to  one 

liuiidred    and    liftv    luggei-s,    niiiiined   by   Chinese  and 

.M:days.      The  cause  of  this  inliuioiity  is  owing,  in  the 

first  phice,  to   the   exorbitant  jirottvtion    that    Jiataviii 

1  enjoys.      In  the  second,  to  the  means  of  traiisjiort  being 

I  too  costly.     The  little  boat  that  took  us  from  the  ship 

I  to  the  ]port  charged  about  eight  shillings  English  nioiiev, 

!  and  the   cai'riage  to   Moleuviiet  or  Weltviedeu   tJireu 


VOLCANO    IN    JAVA. 


and  a  half  florins,  or  about  six  .-hillings.  Further,  it 
is  absolutely  neeos.-.ary  to  traii.-.]xirt  all  incui.ibrances, 
boxes,  trunks,  an<l  portmanteaus  to  the  town  ;  there  is 
no  one  to  take  charge  of  them  at  the  port  ,  neither 
workmei;  or  merchants  or  merchandize. 

With  its  H<j.-'><n)  inhabitants  (.^,.'i7u  Europeans,  8U0 
iliiidhus  and  Arabs,  i8,4l»0  Chinese,  and  the  rest 
Javaneset  Hatavi.i  covers  a  supeilicii-s  ecpial  to  tli  it  of 
Paris  of  IS-C'  ;  it.s  houses  arc  far  ajiait  from  one 
another,  ami,  often  surroiiiel.'d  by  gardens,  fiehl.s, 
meadows,  an  I  even  parks  I'he  old  town,  liuilt  ujion  a 
marshy  and  unhedtliy  spot,  whiiii  obiaiiu'd  for  it  the 
epithet  of  [he  (fieat  ('einetery.  is  no  h.nger  inhabited  by 

Euro|MMns       Its  hands e  buildin;,'s  ami  its  vast  hotels 

are  tr.insforined  i!;to  otfic.-s.  magazines,  and  counting- 
hoii.ses,  which  are  abandoned  iM'foie  >  veiling  .sets  in, 
when  business  men  hurry  away  to  Weitvreilen,  which 
ha,s  sprung  u|)  within  the  hust  ten  years  to  be  a  charm- 
ing town. 

Mr.  I'ahiid,  gcivernor  of  this  islaml,  inslnieted  one 
of  lii.s  aid  de-camps  to  accoiu[iany    us  to   the  dilferent 


,  regencies  ;  l)r.  Uleeker,  out'  of  the   most  distinguished 

j  niiturali.sts  of  Java,  also    proffered   his  services      An 

'  itinerary  was  arranged,  so  that  wo  should  see  the  most 

in  the  smallest  po.ssible  .space  of  time,   and   messengers 

were  dispatched  to  announce  our  apj  roach,  and  jirepare 

our  re)pasl  and  lodgings. 

t.hi  the  l.'ith  of  May,  three  carriages  transporti'd 
the  whole  company  from  the  metropolis  to  IJuitiiizerg 
(Saiis-Souii),  the  residence  of  the  ( iovernor  (ieneial. 
We  had  travelled  <i7  kilometres  in  three  houn  and  a 
half,  e\ery  halfdiiiur  we  changed  horse.s,  wliidi  never 
broke  from  a  gallop.  Kever  ilid  horses  travel  .so  fast, 
even  in  Hungary.  Human  labour,  that  is  to  s^iy  the 
labour  of  slaves,  cos*  o  little  in  Ja\a.  that  instead  of 
Jiroviding  the  wheel:  til  di.igs,  a  dozen  poor  wi etches 
are  em|)loyed  at  the  steej)  descents  to  catch  hold  of  the 
wheels  with  ro|(es  and  hold  them  back. 

B11iten7.org  boitsLs  of  oiiC  of  the  most  beautiful 
botanic  gardens  in  the  world  ;  its  arrangement  should 
serve  as  a  model  to  our  gaideiis  of  jilants  ;  eceli  family 
being  cultivat.e'l  with  all  its  species  in  a  special  sipiire. 


'        I 


the  Iiai-lMiiir  of 

la  Iiiiiii'  and  ;v- 
us  it'tlic  Dutch 
i|irfs.-ly  i'ui-  tlic 
iiiiud  tliciii    of 

Wtll  S     of    CDIll- 

t  till-  ifccntly 
itlistaiiiliiii;  its 
it.s  i'.\c(  ptional 
|ire-(iiiiii.iic(.. 
iiist,  t-ixty-livo 
twenty  to  oik; 
Cliiiicsi!  ami 
f«iii.i,',  in  tlic 
tiiat  JJatavia 
aii.sj>ort  hoirij; 
I'loiu  the  ship 
ii;,'iisi!  iiioiifv, 
vredeu  three 


stinguishnl 
\  ill's  All 
■e  tiio  most 

lllfSSflli^'ITS 

ml  jiri'iiaii' 


niiispoitiMl 
JJiiiti'iizcrg 
ir-lieiii'ial. 
oiir.'i  ami  a 

llidl    IK'Vl'l- 

vel  so  Cast, 
to  Say  tile 
ills' tad  of 
r  w  iitclics 
lold  of  the 


lieautifiil 
lit  should 
ill  Camily 
ul  sipiire. 


ppwff 


I    i 


lU 


!'   I 


■.-^ 


f  — 

'    //  11///'/  li     A  I  n  ///  ///     / ii  I  ///  " 


1 


! 


W 


ii  -i  i 


.''.i  ill 


\' 


I  ! 


,vV,, 


f  < 


^■/•^^'"'''      III 


I: 


ill 


I'll' 


I  ■  I 


t! 


THE   ISLANDS  OP   THE    INDIAN   AND    EASTKRN   SEAS 


246 


At  Suns  Souci  I  wax  iiitiii<)uc<Ml   to  ii  ymiij;   iii'l;ii>,  liranclu'S    (li'coniliosiiii,',    loni;    climbini;  jilniils    (lidnes) 

Alaiii.si  liiiaclii,  sun  nl'  a  |n-inci!   of  Kuiiiasi,    caiiilal  ol  Iwislinu   like   sci'|iciits   khukI    iIh'   twi's.    or   sii>|M>ii(lf(l 

till'    Asliaiitis,   oil    tlir    >;olil('ii    coast.       A    l)iitcliiiiiii,  in  tin- air  liki'  liaiiiiiioik^  of  li'lia^;!',  lull  of  liinU'  ll^^t.s. 

tliat  m'!{roi's  arc  (irailiially   tlic   co|i>c.s  anil    nnilcrwoud,    willi    liranclica 

ic    white  covered  witli  Ion.;  ili'|ii'Milenl  nio.s.scs  of  a  .silverv  gri'cn, 


usliiiii;  to  jprove    to    Ins   oountrviiu'ii 


caiiai'lc  ol 


f  a  (lc\el"|iineiit  ei|Ual    to    that    of  tl 


raw,  induced  the  jiarents  of  Akuasi,    wlio    was  at  tliat     }{ave  way  in  thiii'  turn  to  mere   i.-ol,itcd  chiiii|  s  of 
time  nine    yens   of  a;;e,   to   entrust   tlii.s  child  ami  his    cover,   and   then   a'_'ain  to  a  few  stunted    siiiulis,   win 
lirother  to  him.  in  oriler    that   lie    inii,'ht   ^ive  them  an     trunks  and  lirauches  crawled  aloii^  the  lockv   snrl'a<'e.> 


Ki 


•an  eiluc  ition. 


ir    writhed    thcinseUcs    into   the   crevices  in  order  th( 


'I'iie  cxiMri'ui'nt  succeeded  adinirablv.  Aktiasi  iearni'd     Inttcr   to  shelter   themselves  from  tl 


le   winil  ami   eo 


III. 


did 


st'nily   llutch.   Kimlish.    French,  and    (!crman;he     ,'ind    enjoy    the    luat    derivcil     from    the    soil.      J'.cvond 


,'V  .it    KrcvlMii,'.  in  Sa.\onv,  under   the    the   liin'   of  these   slnnli  d    shrubs   were  a  coai-e, 


hort 


ilioli  ol' the  celeliratcd     Iieiiihard    ( 'otta.       lie   .il 


so     i.'i-a--s   on    till- 


l.< 


came  a  <  'liristian, 


His  liiniher  returned  to  thedold     sicriie   and    naki  d 


>utlierii   slojie,   and    then    nothing    Imt 


i.'ithed  ill  a  moist    foi,',    w  liich 


< 'oast,  where  he   lio|iecl  to  introduce    some   elements   of    t;r.idii.illy  Ipccamc  so  dense  as  to  |ircvenl    lis  seiin^r   one 
CIV  iiisjition  ;    luit  he  '.vas  as.sa.s.sinatcd  as  guilty  of  re\o-     niiolhcrat  a  dist.ince  of  a  hiindicd  jiaccs.      W'e   were 


lutioiiary  lcndeiicie.><  ;   thu    l)ook.s   that  lio     had  broiiL;ht     a|i|p|oa<liiiiLr  the  suiiimit. 
Iioiii  Kuro|M'  were    looked  upon    ii.s  evil    spells,  and   he  It   was   witii  no   snial 


asnre  that  we  were  en.ibhil 
Ic 


biMiii^'lit  .ibout  a  linal  ci'isis  ill  the  pa.ssioiis  of  the  retro-  to  olil  dii  shelter  at   this  elevation   in   two  wdodcii  !    it.s. 

adc    ]iarty    by    th(!    introduction    of    u    macliinc     for  where  a  ;;onilly  lire  had  been  lighted  for  us,  and  a  repast, 

ca\  ing.  niadi'  ready. 
'['he    Iditch  goveriiiiiciit    a|ipointed    Akuasi    mining         The    next    morning   at    fnc   o'clock    we   were   a  toot 


cMi'incer  III  .lava. 


Iv  exaiiiiniiii,'  the  statu  of  the 


W 


e  were  also  iiitfoibiced    to  a    native    artist,    Itadi 


weather.      At  .seven 
till 


Sileh,  whose  turn  for  painting  had  developeil  itself  , it  of  (  o'dcli  in  front  of  tis.  (.S'C  p.  :;  I  1.1  I 
a  very  early  age.  (Jovernuicnt  sent  him  to  study  in  mile  long,  w  il  h  its  (laiiks  liroken  into  | 
I'.iiiope.  where  he  remained  twenty!  Iiree  years.      Since     to  si 


a  little,  and  we  could  perceive  the  crater 

t  was  upwaidsofa 

recipici  sfroiii  six 

le  .so  near 


veil  hull. bed  feet  liiudi.    and   seemed   to  1 


lis  retiirn 


to  I'.ata 


ivia.  he  reccned  an  annual  |ii'iisioii  ot     tli.it   we  t.incii  d    tlial   we  could   throw  a  stolic  from    tl 


•,(MlO  francs,  with  tl Iv  oldiLration  of  iiaiiitiiiL;  from     I' 


iinu'craiigo    into    ii- 


biiriiii 


ig   ciati-r. 


I 


nliickilv,   tl 


me  to  time  a  picture  fir  the  King  of  lloll.iud.     lie  is     weather    reiiiained     iiiilavourablc    and    wc   could    oiilv 


a  landscape  painter,  and  has   much    merit  ;    imt  he    hi 


at  the  ma^niliccnt  Mciie  wiiich    the   ilciisc    \<il  of 


not  oveivo 


lie  all  the  dlllicillties  of  his  art,  and  he  II 


lucli     fo^  hid  Irolii  us  below 


ic.fret.s  his  abs"n.e  from  Dresden  and  I'ari 


I 


I-' 


itcd    here    from    the    rest    of  thi 


dition 


We  vis'ted    I'olidok  Jedeli.  (Jadok, 'rijpanat,  Megan-     and     went     with    a    compaiiion     to     llaiideiig.    where    I 


(or  the  mountain.' 


in   the   cloinls) 


ids),  wliicli  atta 


ived  at  III 


It        1 


iibictcd  to  the  house  ol' 


1  cIcNatioii  of  nii^h    "(.(MM)    feet   above   the   .sea.       The     the  regent,    lladhen  Delhipati-wira-natii-Kusuma,  win 
ithorities   had   us  coinbicled   from   village   to   village,     f^ave  us  a  splchdid   rcieplion,  combined   with    tl.e   most 


d  ten  to  tweiitv  lioiscmeii  rode  behind   our  can 


rrfcct    Kuii 


in    comfort  ;   one   would    ha\c    hesitated 


dressed    ill    their    be^t    unit'ornis.    with    paper    shakos;      in  lielievin^'  one's  self  the  host  of  a  Javani'.-c  lord,    had 
upwards  of  forty  slaves  oi  seivanls  preceded  us  at  each     it  not  been  tor   the    oiieut.il  cosiiiines  and    the  number 


station. 


Th^ 


le    natives,  and  even    the    native   function,     ofslav 


es  w  lio  c 


.either  knelt  or  most  rated  lhem-.clves  as  we  went  bv.      bcti 


irel 


t  oil  their  bellies  to  oiler  Us  pipes  and 


.\t  Tjiaii  .l.iN.ir.  a  iia'ive  chief  followed  our  cirriage  on  'flic  next  day  the    geoloi,'ist.  Juniihiihn,    inspector  ot 


ir.-cback,  in   a   pouring  rain  ;   lie  wore  a  rich  uiiil'oriu,     the  planialious  ot'   eincliona.  ai 


had 


a    salary  ol 


and   rejoiced  ill  the    name  or    title    of  t'oaheii  liaiigiri 
I'.itm.i-Nai'ar.i. 


.I'lll!  tl. 


lias  a  year,  was  ci\ 


'rcat   malt  w  lieie  t 


In  tl 


le  Holies  o 


f  d, 


riyiiig  enormous    ]iroht    troiii   tin 


deli 


ivcr  up  I  heir  i 


il  enough  to  shew  us  llie 
he  ]ilaiitcr.--  ol  the  liciiciicy  hail  to 
Ii  e.  as  also    tfcir    other    lUMilnce,  to 


I' 
;ain    at    whatever 


.peculation,    government    has    had    a   large    number  of    goyenimcnt.     which    sells    it 
1  inchoiiti  trees  planted  at  'I'ijpoila.  and  they  have   pros-     price  it  chooses  to  name, 

piled  well.  Several  of  these  trees  have  already  given  ,  The  Hegelicy  of  ISandong  |irodiices  annually  1(10.11 
perfectly  ripe  seeds.  lint  it  lia-s  not  been  deterniined  ipiintals  of  collie,  that  of  I'rcang  L'Oli.OdO,  ,nid  t 
it  if  the  clieinioal  elements  of  the  bark  pos.se.ss  all   the     whole  island  about  one  million  of  i|uintal: 


lirtue.s  of  those  of  the  I'cn 

'f  the  iitiiio-t  importance  to  the  island,  and  to  all  these     211.  ,Sile.    tin 


uviaii  tri'e.      This  is  a  ipiestiou         (bivernmeiit    ]lay^ 


inwliolesome  tropical  coillitries. 


liatii 


to   the    producers     ol'     riandolig 
.il    deposited    at     the    mart  :    bill    at 


(Via  It  iiays  ratlicr  iiiorc  than   i   lloriii 


th 


'II 


ISeyon  I  Tijpoda,  we  passed  several  I' isaic'iahauis.  or     colli 


to    ■2\    lloriiis    to    the    Dutc 


laces  of  relu^'c   liir    trayellers    when   overtaken    by   a 


Mat 


.scliaiiie,  w 


liich,  ill  its  turn,  has  tin 


A    narrow    path 


w.iv.   sliithtlv    railc 


d     olf 


monopoly 


II-     ol  ex]iortatiou.  and  iii  cohm 


iiiiiiiodity  tor  the  great  market  of  Kiir 


piencc,    ot    jmrchasing  tlii: 


Ml 


ducted  us  to  a  ravine,   out  of  which  buriiiiu;  \apoui 

issued  forth.       fhey  came  from  a  boiling   timntaiii  and     upon  monopoly  !      Saciiliceol  iiunibers   liir   tin   benelit 


ipoly 


hundred  leet. 


if  a  few  !      The  advaiitauc    of 


one   or   twai    individuals 


At   till 


lit    of     I'ondak-I' 


■lock    in   the  afternoon   wc   attnineil  the;  obtained    at    the   penalty    of  millions!      I'njiisl    policy 


iinucrango. 


The    thermometer    and  inextricable  coiifiisi 


larked  only  •■' ',  deijives.      We  had  left   the  great  ma.ss  From   l.ciiibaiig  to  Tjaiigoer,  where  we   rejoined    the 


it   yegetiition    tin-   soim>   time   |ircyioiisly    behind    us—,     expedi 


travei-seil   I  L'S    kiloiuct 


res   in   s 


ix    111 


tl 


le   gri'.it  trees,   w 


itii    their   hii;;e    branches,    the   dense     always  :;,illoping. 


dome  of    leaves,     the    dark    cover     of 


whether  ill  ascents  or  descent 
befii 


At 


ii'.i.-sulatetl     plant.s,     arborescent     herbs,     trunks 


gigantic    Icriis,     sucli  a  rate  it   was  an  easy  matter  to  arrive  betore  night 


•t  in  at  the  New  Year's  festival,  given    by   tin:    rcgiiit 


i': 


8i6 


ALL  ROUND  TFTR   "OftLn. 


of  the  jirovincc.  An  inimeiiHO  concnui'sc  nC  |m'o|i1c  We  eiii|iloyed  scvenil  ilavs  in  tiikiiii»  tlie  nienxiiri'- 
tillcil  till-  iipiirdai'lics  iiimI  tlif  court  yiinl  of  tlir  |(iilii«'i'.  mt-iits  of  a  great  niuiilx  r  of  individimls  in  tlic  buiTiii'k:), 
Tlu'  ni'Hivst  rrliitivcs  of  tlif  di^'nitiiry  liatl  lifou  in-  |iriMuns,  and  hoH|iitiil8.  A  jinwcnt  waa  also  ni.ulo  to 
Ntiiiird  iK'iii'ath  the  covt-rnl  vcrunilali,  or  j{ailci-y,  in  us  of  fifty-four  cninia  Wlonging  to  the  most  diverse 
front  of  the   mansion.      To  see   the   demonstrations   of    races. 

srrvih-  inniiility  wiiieli  they  were  so  piiHli^ral  of  to  I  _  Our  ilhistrations  represent  a  native  village  in  the 
his  Kxeclleney,  wo  should  never  have  guessed  that  '  interior  of  Java  (See  p.  214),  aud  one  of  the  dumutous 
they  l«'lun;;ed  to  the  same  family.  The  Euro|(eans,  J  ▼olcaiiocs  of  the  i.-laiid.  (See  p.  244.)  These  nunihcr 
specially  invited,  alone  entered  the  saliMMis  ;  the  oidy  forty-five,  of  which  twenty  to  twenty  three  are  in  activity, 
Japanese  present  was  Madame  the  llegent, — a  short,  and  iire  described  in  Huniboldt'g  "  Cosmos." 
black,  and  fat  IhmIv.  lilaek  ma.s.ses  huddled  around]  'i'hns  far  in  Java  we  have  travelled  with  the  jpiive  dull 
us  :  thev  well-  slaves  pit'sentini;  snutf  Imixcs,  betel,  and  i  Atistriaus:  l.nt  let  us  take  Java  in  another  view,  that  of 
refrcshinent.s  to  those  |iresent,  dnisfginf;  their  way  on  tin?  Young  Merchant  Abroad,  wlio  opens  his  eyes  as  we 
all  fours  :  these  humiliations  inflicted  uimiu  hnmanity  •  make  Java  Head,  and  ship  after  ship  hi'aves  in  sight 
atfeeted  us  in  a  very  disagreeable  manner.  (Slavery,  :  lionieward  bound,  |)articularly  from  China.  The  higher 
it  is  to  be  observed,  was  alKilishe<l  in  Java  since  the  land  can  be  seen  at  a  great  distance,  ^^ lien  on  the  jxiiiit 
1st  of  October  last,  after  ii  frightful  sacrifice  of  Eiu-o-  j  of  I'rinco  Edward's  Island,  and  at  Crosketon.  The 
pcansh.id  taken  jihiee.)  Convei-satiou  was  carried  on  ,  foliage,  the  heat  of  the  .sun's  per|K'ndiciilar  rays,  and  the 
with  ditKculty.  for  an   iiice.s.sant  and  stuiiifying  noise  !  very  air  breathes  the  spicy  fnigrance  of  the  trojiics.     We 


was  kept  up  with  the  ganu'long,  or  orchestra  of  bells, 
liayaderes  very  scantily  I'lothed,  and  excessively  ugly, 
executed  .sentinu'utal  and  religious  dances  of  a  most 
tedious  description.  Stitl',  slow,  and  thin,  these  dam- 
sels jumped  like  forks,  with  motions  its  gi-aceful  a-s 
tlio.se  of  the  old  sema]ihores  or  ti'lcgraph.s.  The  gover- 
nor was  kind  cncaigh  to  ex|ilain  to  ns  that  the  dance 
was  meant  to  re|iresent  the  touching  lii.story  of  four 
sisters,  who,  lost  in  a  forest,  implored  from  tlie  Divinity 
the    return 


liave  jHissed  Anjer,  the  corner  and  grand  toll-gate  of 
the  Stmits  of  Sunda,  early  in  the  morning,  and  liere 
the  light-house,  the  little  township,  tlie  |iort,  and  .the 
monster  banyan  tree,  could  be  plaiidy  s<'en  with  tlio 
gla&s,  as,  with  the  wind  fre.shening  up,  we  jias'ed 
jiroudly  along  tlie  Straits  of  Sunda  at  too  riijiid  a  pace 
for  the  Javanese  boatmen,  who  shoot  out  fr<  ni  the  land 
all  along  the  shore  to  sujiply  you  with  fruit  i:nd  pro- 
The  coa.st  scenery  makes  a  beautiful  picture- 


visions, 
f  their    mother.     This   was    followed   by  j  the  towering  foliage  and  jiatchcs  of  cultivation,  clear 
iiiphic  enterlainiiient- -a  dance  of  eight  !  to  the  mountain  to]i,  and  the  hidf-niunned  jirnhus  or 


another  chort 

warriors,  accoinpaniccl  by  the  ]icrpetual  ganielong.  I  fishing  smack.s,  with   their  bamlioo   niasts  and   leatlier 

The  same  delectable  music  delighted  the  ears  of  |  sails,  dotting  the  water  in  the  distance,  ns  we  passu] 
those  who  Were  without  in  the  court-yard.  Hideous  island  after  i.shind,  and  buoy  after  buoy,  kec)i  the 
masks,  on  foot  and  on  hoi-seback,  circulated"  tlu-re,  ;  fancy  ali\e.  The  anchor  drojiped,  and  the  guard  shi]p 
amidst  the  crowd.  A  mu.ssulinan  [iriest  was  also  liowl-  j  answered,  wc  quickly  jajU  nslKPii  ,and  juni])intoaliO(idcd 
iiig  fearfully  as  he  danced  on  hot  a.shes,  near  to  a  liia.ss  I  ]iha>ton,  draxMi  by  little  wretched  liorses,  and  pass 
•  if  burning  wooil  ;  othei-s  jninpeil  in,  their  feet  elo.scd,  a'ong  tlie  canal  .side,  by  which  are  stored  warehouses, 
and  daiiceil  aw.iy  fmntically  At  last  the  ])rii'st  him-  all  white  and  covered  with  tiles,  with  trees  all  ]ilaiited 
self  joined  them,  and  the  shouts  and  gesticulations  be-  along,  which  shadctl  us  1  rautifully.  Tlie  nierdiants' 
c-ame  furiou.s.      This  representatiou  had  probably  some     offices  and  counting-honM  s  areas  large  as  therecejition 


signification  of  religiou.<  expiation,  at  lea.st  it  would 
have  been  deemed  as  such  in  ancient  mysteries.  We 
afterwards  witnes.seil  <-onjuring  trick.s,  only  calculated 
to  make  the  hair  of  one's  head  st^ind  on  an  end.  Young 
men  cariving  tufts,  armed  with  exceedingly  sliarp 
lances,  pretended  to  stab  themselves  in  the  forehead, 
eyes,  cheeks,  breast,  and  lower  part  of  the  body.  They 
turne<l  in  a  circle,  ami  the  body  inclined  forv  aids, 
littering  tiightfiil  yells,  with  niovemeiils  that  grew 
more  and  more  savage  and  convulsive,   and   there  wa-s 


room  of  an  Anierican  hotel,  and  the  warehouses  are  so 
connected  thai  the  merchants  can  walk  from  one  to 
the  otlier  along  the  M'rniidali,  on  the  second  story, 
without  the  trouble  of  going  below  ;  the  floors  are 
covered  willi  matting,  and  the  windows  and  doors  are 
thrown  o|ien  for  tlie  current  of  ai''  to  circulate  on  all 
sides,  and  at  midday  the  desks  of  flu-  principals  are 
fanned  with  a  machine,  the  nioti\e  jiower  of  which 
is  a  little  Malay  urchin  behind  the  door.  At  the 
several  desks  yi;  see  Kurojieaiis  ;  liut  all  the   natives 


respite   till   they   fell   in   a   corner   exhaiiste<l    and'  of  the  East  are    represented:  a  long-tailed   Chinaman 

Moody.    And  then  the  infernal  ganielong  began  again.    '  with   a    very  white   nuaistacbe  officiating  as  cashier; 

All  infinity  of  s(piibs  and  rochets  were  let  off,  besides     a  Malay   book-keeper,  nn  Ari.b   salesinan,  a  half-caste 


ijunibcrs  of  St.  Catherine  wheels  ;  but  the  chief  fire- 
wcirk  was  a  frightful  .serjK'iit  of  fire,  upwards  of  twenty 
feet  in  length,  which  wac  moved  about  by  invisible 
hands,  the  undulations  and  even  ti.e  hissing  of  the 
reptile  being  imitated  with  terrible  ](recision.  At  last 
the  gamelcuig  ceased  its  .stunning  noise 

Next  day  we   returned   to  the  governor's  house  at 
Buiteiizorg.      J[.  Pahud  lives  a  very  retired  life,  con- 


writi'r,  and  a  di  zcii  and  a  half  subs,  of  all  nations, 
coo|ied  alMiut  in  every  direction,  witli  as  little  clotliing 
as  ]iossible  about  their  bronze-looking  ■linib.s.  Tlie 
warehouses  run  from  street  to  street,  the  floois  of 
wliicii  are  brick,  and  for  such  a  climate  the  building  is 
•liiite  cool.  Tobacco  in  Uirgt  casks,  arrack  (not  the 
jKjisone.l  liipior  of  Biitish  India)  in  ]iipes,  sugar  in 
bags,    and    matted    casks  of    coffee    and    rice,  s]iiccs, 


vci-smg  with  few  ]H.'i"sons,  save  his  aide  (le-camp  and  his  indigo,  rattan   and  d\e-woods,  and  imjmrts  consisting 

d.uightcr,  whose  husband   had  a  short  time  ])reviously  of  every  article   tliat    can  be  .sold  or  Imrtercd.     Most 

been  assa.ssinated    by   some   Malays,   before    his    eyes,  business   is  done   throiigh  agents  or  brokers,  many  of 

I'iiis   siiK  ere  nuairning  contrasted    painfully  with  an  them  nr.tives  ;  and  th«'  stranger  would  think  the   nier- 

oflicial  etiipiette,   the  stillness  and   iiiinutire  of  wliich  chant   led   a  most   indolent  life,  .surrounded  as  lie  is 

ran  only  be  coiii|)ared  with  tlio.se  of  the  coast  of  S|)ain  with  such  a  tnnijie  of  retainers  to  bring   him  his   )iat, 
in  the  la.st  a{,'es.     What  good  puqiose  ihies  it  serve?       |  brush  fiff  a  fly,  fan   liini  in   mid-day,  and  in   short   do 


m 


.i  y    ii''  i'  I  li ..  ,1'^ 


■SltfiMnMMiMHHiMatCpib 


i    I 


il'l    M 


1  ' 


TllK    ISLANDS  OF  TllK   INDIAN    AND  EASTERN   SEAS. 


:i7 


itliiicist  I'Vcrytliiii^  Ilia  talk  iiinl  write.  Ivrry  ir.iii'< 
iirliim  in  i|iiiii>  li_v  s'liiliiiK  ;ii>li;s  tV  iiii  oui'  olliiv  to  tlio 
iitlii-r  ;  mill  iis  ym  ii'itii'i'  wliiit  i.-i  ^niii;;  on,  ynu  ciiiiiKt  ' 

liilt  1)1' iiiiiiHi'il    In   -.1 chit"  aftir    •' rliil"  liri)ii>{lit  ill 

itiiil  ."I'lit  nil'.  ti>iii-liiii;»  eliiirli'rH,  naU-n,  |iiiifliiisi's,  i'zi\ 
Kvi'i'y  iiii'i'iiiiiiil  iiiiist  liMi  II  till-  .Mill  ly  iaiiijii.iai',  for  it 
is  i\\i'  liiiijii't  /'/•iiiir(i  i>f  till'  linlinli  NiM-i  ;  aii<l  lie  must 
kisn  III!  wi'll  ii|i  ill  till'  Kii^iisli,  Kri'iirli  iiimI  hiiti'li. 
No  I  )iit>'liiiiiiii  iMli  <'iiiiiiimiiil  II  slii|i  iiiili'ss  ho  ciui  I 
s|H'iii\  Klinlisl,  mill  Kri'lirh.  Ymi  nn  lhlMiii;li  oiii' 
warriiDiisij  —  yuii  -it  lln'  wlmli' — ami  so  it  is  witii  tlm 
|irivali'  ri'siilriii'fs.      'I'hr  iiicrrhaiits  all  lii'i'-'s  in  wliitf, 

mill   MDiiii'tiiiir-   Iw r  till liiiii's  ii  ilay.     Our  Imli'l 

is  ill  tlio  ciimiliy,  wli '11'  all  tin-  Kiiri>|i<'aiis   liv  •,  a'njiit 
I'oiir  or  livi'  iniirs  mit  of  town.       l'",viM-y  K  if  ijnaii  riili's, 
iiii'i'riiaiit   ami    I'Irrk,   sra   laptaiii   ami    siila';  iill    an- 
|iiii\  iilril  with  a  |iliutiiii  ami   two   p  mirs.   a   ilriMT  (a 
swarthy  fi'llow,  with  a  h  imlkt'ri'liiif  r.niii  I  iiis  loins  us 
liiti   only    livny),    anil    a    Iny    lii'liiml     i'i|iiilly     well 
aocoiilri'il,       iti-aiitit'ul    tii-i's  liiiu   the  i'iia<lsii|i',   alont; 
wliirli  ail!  tilt'  s|iiiriim*  I  An  stnrieil,  ri'il  tili'il  ami  wliito- 
wallnl  I'l'siilfiiri'sot'  tlii'  iiii'i'ihant.      ()'ii'  Imti'l  is  liku  a 
(.•aravaiisi'iai,  with   its  Iw.i  row   lniii{  wini;-i  of  st  iMin'^ 
for  a    hiinilrcil   hm-MM  aii>l  out  liuLlilinits    for   si'ix  nits, 
of  wlioiii  trniii  si'vi'iity  to  oiif  iiiiiiili'i'il  I  liron.{  I'ai'h  hnifl ; 
lari,'r  sliaili'  tri'i'-i, a  sjii'iMi'suf  li  invauiiiili'onia-iiul.unilrr 
wliiili  ari'  wooili'ii   sc  it -,  spriMil  tln'irshalow  o\  i-r  tin' 
;,'nMniil  ill  fnmt,  «  liilc  tin-  rear  en  losure  is  tiileil  with 
{lowers  aiiil  ililVennt    kin  l>  i.t    fruit.      All  iluy  Ioiil;  we 
.seem  to  lie  eai  ill',' anil   ilriiikin,'  ;  a   eu|i   of  tea,    tnist, 
eoli'ee,  ami  tilliii,  iilways  e.iniiii,'  up,  just  as  you  feel   to 
want    them.       I'"ruits  of  ilelie mis  llivniir.    hut  of  un- 
known kimls.  Inal  the  taMe,  ami  a  servant  is  always  | 
near  to  help  yon.      Vniir  enifee  is  hr  ui;lit  tn  your  lied-  1 
side,  your  tea  to    the    veran  lali  ;   your    dress  at    nij^lit  ' 
ami   luoniinj;  is  of  the  easiest  —a   loose   nowii.    like    a 
jiiir  of  tr  Misers,  iiinl  a  mlie  like  a   lalies'   ninlit-dress 
(as  you  may  soiueliuies  see  them  haiiilin.;  over  a  clothes 
line).      The  Women  are  eipiallv  lasy  in  their  attire,  and 
the  Malay  i;irls  seem  to  he  always  in  a    hathiii','  dress. 
The    "Java     Hotel     IJeu'illatimis"    read    as    fnllows  : — 
"  Frmii   M,  till  ■''i  o'cloek  ii,  the  iiinriiiiivj,  tea  and  eoli'ee. 
At  iS  o'eliiek  in  the  ni'.itiii.i;,  liroakf.ust.       At  ll',  noon, 
riee,  eurry,  ite.      At  I!  p  in  ,  tea.      At  il.l   p.m.,  diiiiiei'. 
At  H  p.m.,    tea.      At    !•    p.m.,    J^rog.      lintel   closes   at 
111,."      All   tills   with   In  iLtiui;,   fur  4s    (Id.    per  diem. 
(Jliaiupaifiip,     IJurnunily.    Ilnek,      .Madeira,    I'ort,    and 
Sherry,  lieiiig  4s.  (id.    jier   liottle,    and    Allsopp's    I'ale 
Ale  a  shilling  the  bottle.      Yoii    hire  a  Jiost  carriage,   ii 
sipiare,   hearse  looking    hox,    with    four    ponies    and    a 
-Alalay  eoaehnian,  with   a   hat  like  a   )Miiieli-l)owl,  with 
rope  traces  and  harness,  and   two   postWoys  to  ride   In'- 
hind,  and  away  vmi  ^  >  to  view  the  country,  at  a  wild 
gillop,  with  miv;lity  noise,  the  driver  eraeking  his  \vlii|i, 
the  poslliiiys  now  yelling,  n  iw  jiiiiipiiig  otl"  and  niniiiiig 
alongside  the  horses,  over  a  level   eountiy,  and  a   iiolile 
road  tli.it  e.\tenils  right  across  .lava,  through   rice   jilai.- 
tatioiis  ill  every  stage   of  cultivation,   covei'ing   sipiare 
miles  ;  p.i4  vast  niimliers  of  natives  .staggeriiii;   under 
heavy    lo.ids,    and    cart'*  drawn    hy    ponies    without    a 
liridle,  and  Initfaloes  with  a  liauiltoo  voke,   lirini'int'   in 
the  produce  ;  the  distance  lieing  nrnamented    with   na- 
tive   villages    (.N'.jc   p.  I'U),    towering   lunnnt.iiiis   seen 
at  the  di.stanee  of  a  liitndred  miles,  covered   almost    to 
the  summit  with  teak-w.md    forests  ;  long   plains,    the 
water  j)as,sing  from  lield  to  tield  with  the    utmost  regu- 
larity, and   rivers   and  cocoa-nut  groves,   deep  ravines, 
and  irregular  fields.      At  one  place  we  see  a  Javanese 


marriage:  the  :;riiwii  jieople  are  .^itlillgon  oiie  side,  and 
ahout  a  Imndred  little  hrowii  eiipiiU,  lial'i*  hacked  and 
painted,  on  the  oiher.  Itoniid  all  old  Ihi.k  Hits 
the  liaiid,  with  their  instruments  of  diirereiit  iiietuls 
and  skins  a  hideous  di.seonl  while  a  chid  it 
si.\  year-,  dressed  as  an  old  woman,  wiih 
Imig  hair  and  h  arid  mask,  was  walking  with  a  Ira 
gii'.il  air,  ami  gestli  nlaling  in  a  very  graNe  niiinni  r 
up  and  down  the  platloini,  to  the  greit  delight  of  the 
eliildreii.  The  sulilimity  of  nature  in  the  interinr  of 
Java  delies  description.  You  m'c  massive  ruins  of  yn-l 
ages,  and  luiri  il  places  of  native  eliuls  or  llindliu 
princes,  and  iiiimenM'  native  temples,  and  p.iss  ihroiich 
iiioiwt'  r  e^l.ilis  of  rice,  ot  suu.ir,  and  of  collie  ;  you 
smell  the  oil  Mir  of  the  spices,  and  admire  the  In  anty  nf 
the  riuiiiieg  and  the  pepper  ;  the  siiiLjiiig  of  J.imi  liinU, 
iiml  ehirpiiig  of  insects  and  Ii/ irds,  as  you  ride  throiigli 
the  t'oresi  ;  the  (ocoa  groves,  the  cotton  and  liread  liiiil 
tre  s  ;  the  liinyau  with  its  liranches  t'l'.ing  roet  again 
to  support  the  parent  tree;  the  mamrustiiie  groves;  the 
ritl  111  winding  itself  aliout  the  te.ik-wood  trees  ;  the 
lumlioo  feathering  np  aliove  the  rest  ;  the  >iiiiplieity  of 
the  native  girls  as  tliev  liatlie  as  inniicriilly  I  eliue  yon 
as  you  stand  upon  the  river's  luiiik,  iioi  liu,'  the  plunging, 
siinjing,  laughing,  anil  swimiiiin^' almiit- — imw  lielow  the 
water  and  now  aliove  ;  the  Iri^litlul  looks  of  .some  ni 
the  older  men  and  vvniueii,  wlio.se  shockiie.;  custom  of 
chewing  the  lietel  iiut,  iiii.xeil  wiih  pepper  plant  and 
toh.ieco,  gives  their  li|is  all  unnatural  red,  ami  lilaeki  lis 
their  teeth  till  they  resemljie  charcoal  ;  the  monkey 
like  iippearalice  of  the  liahes  and  children,  and  the 
llmnkiy  themselves  ;  the  immense  held  of  native  deir  ; 
the  wild  hoi,';  the  tiger  and  the  rhinocer.'.s  ;  the  eas.si - 
wmy,  a  huge  hlaek  hird,  not  unlike,  I'Scept  in  eolonr, 
the  eniii  of  .Xustralia  —  when  ymi  have  seen  all  these 
Wonders  nf  this  wniiderful  country  in  a  three  linurs' 
ride,  you  will  come  to  a  coiiclnsion  tli  it  personal  oliser- 
vatioii  will  teach  you  more  in  one  day  than  you  laii 
learn  from  linoks  in  an  age.  The  whole  po|iiilatinti  nf 
Java  is  eleven  miHiniis,  that  of  the  Kuinpciiis  eight 
thousand.  The  army,  mostly  native  tmops,  is  I  l',(i(i(l. 
There  is  ii  ^ioveinorgeiieral,  who  siays  live  years  in 
ollice,  a  vice  president,  three  eouncillor.s,  a  tinance 
minister,  a  secretary  of  foreign  atl'airs,  director  of  the 
interior,  a  maiiigei' of  piililie  works,  a  diiectii  general 
of  the  towns,  and  a  lear-adiiiiral,  who  cniiiiiiaiids  a 
fleet  of  steam  ships  carrying  t'rntii  ten  to  two  guns  each, 
with  several  steamer.s,  one  frigate  of  (ill  guns,  three  fri- 
gates of  ■H  guns  each,  two  of  '28  guns  each,  one  of  I'l' 
i,'uns,  two  of  18  guns,  and  two  of  IL',  under  caiiva-,  all 
nianiUMl  hy  .'iSOD  sailors. 

The  restoration  ol  Java  to  the  Dutch  l>y  the  English 
government  in  ISOfi,  has  always  heeii  coiisideied  a 
great  mistake,  especially  since  the  elleels  of  recent 
drainasji!  and  improvements  have  shown  that  the  much 
dreaded  niihealtliiness  of  the  climate  depended  solely 
oil  care  and  iiidu.s'.ry  for  its  sure  reniuval. 

VII.-TllE  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 

To  return  to  the  Xovnia,  lier  seientitic  crew  pro- 
ceeded from  .lava  to  Luzon  (pronounced  Lutlion),  the 
])riiicipal  of  the  Philipiiine  i.sland.s.  Of  this  island,  Man- 
illa is  the  cal>ital,  and  also  the  name  of  the  neiglilionr- 
inU  di.striet.  Lu/.ju  is  the  larjjest  anil  most  northerly 
of"air  the  Philippine  group,  approaching,  at  its  north- 
western extreii'ir'v,  to  within  400  miles  of  the  south- 
east eoiust  of  China.     It  has  uu  urea  of  50,40-3  sjiian 


11! 


I 


If  ; 


rr 


IMS 


ALL    ROUND   THE    \VORLT>. 


inil(>s.        Ill   sli:i|ic'   mill    si/i'  it    scitiii'wliiit    nsriiiMrs  ii 
liriit   ir.lii,  wliiili     iiira^i'ci'il    alnil);    tlic    lu'lid,     is    liiiirc 
lliiiii    "i-id  iinlc's    III    lcni;(ll.       'I'lic    slinrcs    nt"   Lll/.oii    uif 
{••V  till'  iiii'sl   jiiiit  lorky,  liiit  imlciitril   liy   srviT.il    u'ikiiI 
liiiiliiiui-s,  Im  sicli's  the  niiisjiiititriil  "  I'mliiii   ilc    Mniiita,  " 
«liirli   i-i  mil'   iif  till'   iMiiXi'st   ^iiiil   tiiH'st   Imsi,:'     in    iln- 
woiM.       Till'  L;riii'r.il  rliMiMrlcr  ol' tlic  niiiiilrv  is  iiimiim 
l.iiiiiiiis,  liiit  till'   n'\  rrsi'  111    till'   iiiinu'iliiiti'    vn'inily   nl" 
M:iMill,i.       Till' iHiiiili  V  i-i  iiHl    Ml   lii'l    :iM  iiiii,'lit    111'  t'X- 
I'l'cli'il,  liiiiii;  "I  n  «!ilrrt'il  liy  l:iki's  miuI  rinTs,  ;iiiil  llu' 
]'iiiiiilii':il  r.iiiis  «  lii.li  wadT    I  lie   jilaiiis.      'I'lif  I'liiiiali' 
i--liirll\    lrii|iii'al  ;    llii'  wi't    sr,i  ■  ii    ruiiMMi'in-i's    almiil 
.liiiii'.  is  at   its  lii'i;;lit  lu'twi'i'ii   Aiii^iisl    ami  S('|iti'iiiliri-. 
ami  (iviT  liy  lln'  lalirr  cml  nt'   Nuvi'inln'r.   alter   which, 
lliiTi' ai'i'  ;;i'm'rall\   Iwn   m-   tliiri'   niulitlis    nt    very    iji'- 
liulitt'iil  wi'atiu'f.  Willi    till'    tlioriMiiiiu'lcr  as  Inw  as  till', 
I'lil  till'  i:ri'ali'st  lirals  an'  iliiriiii,'  April  ami  M;\\,  \\  lii'ii 
il    lint    llll(-.ri|llrlilly    lisi'S   til    |l  r    Mllil     ii|'«anls.        'I'llrsi' 
islaiiils  ail'  siilijivi  til  carl  lii|iialM's  aiiil  liiiiTirain's      lln' 
|iriiii'i|ial  nt'  till' Liiiiiip  lii'iiii:   "illiin    lln'    laiiu'i'    nT  ly 
|iliiiiilis.  ami    tliiTi'  arr   srvcial    \  nli-aiini's    in    ai'timi    mi 
tlii'iii.       Ill    1 1!  1  7,  a  Mimiiilaiii  «  as  li'\  I'lli'il.  ami,  in  |lil."i. 
a  lar:;i'  p.iii  nt'  llic  I'ity    nt'   Manilla    was   ilcsiinyi'd    liv 
an  lailli'inalii',  mi  wliirli  lura^inn,  ,'»tt,l)(MI    |ii'rsmis   ai.' 

■  liil    I"   liaM-   |ii'iislii'il.      'I'l Iiniati',    linwcMT,    I'nr  a 

:in|i;.,il  mil',  is  .'misiili'ii'il.  nn  tin'  wlmli',  very  liealtliv, 
iT  ii.'t  ti'in|ii'i-air,  ami  Hiii-n|ii',ins  may  ami  iln  i-csiilc 
I  111  11'  111  invM'.irs  «  itiimit  snlli'iiiiL;  in  (•niisliintinii.l 

l.u/nii    ill's   sn  ha|i|iiiy  lii'tvM't'ii    tin'    main    ii'ijiniis  nt 
till'  K.ist  aii'l   W'l-,.  tliil   il   is  I'liiisiili'i-cil  In  III'  tl,i'  1,,'si 
silnatimi    in    iln'  uni'lil    t"i- .i  t'm'i'iijii    tratlic,  ami  when 
llir  Spaniai'ls  lia.l  tlii'  Ira'li'  ill  sihiT  I'i'nni  New  Spain,  j 
I'l  ru.    aii'l    Mi'sii'n      til     wa--    jiist    ntl    limi'    that    ('mil 


ilm-i 


Allsnll 


iiltIiI    til- 


iK' 


illrmi,    with 


I  li'jxuil  !i;s,    tii;lit     slmrts,     latlirr    simiil    J  nkels,    wliitc 

iiifils,     aiiil     liatliaiiils,    lil.n'k   iiini    .sliiniiit;,   await    tlic 

tfavclliT.       'riic  I'ity   it.si'll',   with    il.'i  >{i'ay   walls,   liii'j;u 

I  einistciv.    iiiiil    iai'i;i'  I'lnifi'hcs  ot'    cliiiiisy    iii-cliin'ctiifc, 

ii'si'iiilili's    II    "iiiissiiiii"    rathi'f     lliiiii    a     I'lUiiiniriial 

I'ity.      \\  lii'ic  wi'  hail  '-miiiti'il  sixty  imirliant    ships  at 

I   r>ata\  ill  .'iiiil   Ki.'iat  ^iiv;apm'i',  wr   liiiiinl  mily   sixlii'ii 

at    till'    pull    nf    Manilla.      Cnliiiiirlcc,     iimli'i'    Spanish 

inaiia'.'i'ini'iit,  has  nn  t'li'i'ilniii  •    its  iiiily   piiviliyi-.  am 

iminn|inlii  .s.      'I'lii'  rhiirrhc's  IM'  Int'ty,  I'lit  t  Im  hmisi's  nl" 

till'  pi'iipli'  are  hills   ami    i',ijins,    iiml    even    iii    the   niie 

yr.iml  i|iiarler,  "  l.'Ki  oil.:., '   the  ilwelliiii;s  nl'  the  1,'ii'at 

.'iliiil  nn  iliily  lanes  itiiil    iiil'eeteil    ileus   nl'  pnvirlv    .iml 

\  ill'       Near  the  eeiilie  nrtlie  tnwii,  liii»e\i  r,  is  a  lari;i' 

sipiare,    raileil   in   ,iiiil    laid    niil   as   a   ii.inli  n.    tmiiniiL; 

.'ill    iiyreealile    pi'niiienailc    in    fi'imt    nt'    the    (  Jum  inni's 

hmise,  and  nn  w  liiih,  as  well  iis  nn  the  ( 'aluada      a  hue 

liin.iil  eairiaee  drive,  inniiinu  twn  thirds  rnnnd  tlieeitv 

Mails     a    iiiilitai'V   hand  pi  ilmins  I'm'  the  delei  lalimi  nt 

the  pcnple  nf  tiishinii,  whii  pi'miienade  tlieie  in  I  he  even - 

iiii,'s        The  pnpnlalinn,    as    tiny    appear  in  the  stieels. 

piesent  a  i  iirinns  aspeet.      I'lie-ts  nt'eM  ly  miler,  'ilnil(, 

white  illiil    i;iiiy  ;    j;,illey    sla\es    ehained    ineiilni,    two 

liy    two,    eanyills,'    water  ;    ladies    eleLraiilly    dns.'ed    in 

silken    mill's    'iml    niantilleas   nt    hlaek   l.ue,  with  d.iik 

tl.ishiiii,' e\  es,  and  Iniij,' lilaek  h.iii',  in  w  hii  h  aie  ent  w  imd 

searlet     llnweis  with  luiylit  f^rerii  lea\es.      ( 'renle  limIs, 

with  thai   jjraml  air  nt  lii.Miriniis  iniliileiiee,ilii  ir  .nrhed 

eyeliriiws,    a    j^lanee    that     liaiisliM's    ymi.    then      «ell- 

pnised    lieads,    their    w  lute  shniililers,  their  Inv  el\    laei's 

halt'  Imldeii    at    iiiter\als    hy    their  eleeantlv    iii.iii.ii,'ei| 

liilis.       Tlieii  I'.iiiie  the  '!'af,'al    nativis  and    the   (  In  niie, 

and  the  lillle  ni';;ii'sM's,  w  lin  .sell  I'l  nit  and  llnwers  nlsiir 

iiassiin'lv  111 


11  llliaiit.  Iiii 


laiiitv,     wit 


I'Aii  n.illiniis  nil  lin.ir.h      I  In -i  I' i  111  eii  li.i  iiiji' w  it  11  ('aviti' 

I  Inlri'ii'l.-i.    and     the    Spiee     Isl.nils.    niiisl     have    1 n      starehed    shirt,    alinnst    inverin;;    his     Imht,    alnn  si    In 


its  till'  Manilla 
Il     tnweriiiL;    eliinine\   put     hat,    and    slillly 


diiii.d\    pr.'til.'ilile.       Manilla  is  tl 


'.It    nt 


iiii'iil.      till 

I  '.iiil.iin  I  leiier.i 


ii'ii"y      I'lii'iNim;      till 


I        his    knees 
i|      lilnwtl  elii'i 


i.niij,'   ear  liiiijs  hai  i;;nL:     diwii     his    nil 


111   IV 


llelhi  mil 


1        Th,'   f. 


rees    iml 


r   his  inniiiiand,  in       nl    his   ri;;lit    hand       'I'l 


mil  lhii;ri' 


en     II.  |i|\      iMllalis.    illesseil    in 


Imhiii;  nalive  ii'u'iil.ir  inlaiitrv.   Sp.niisli   artillei 


V,   ami     iii;ht  shirts  111  native  niaiintiii  Inn 
liw    ea\alry,    iiuniln'i'  almnl     |0,n(l(l    men,    hesides  a      up  tn  the  knees,  eninplete  the  yi 


1  ,  ami  tinw  .~irs  iine'nsei 


l.ir-e 


Illy  nt'  irreyiil: 


nniversallv,  as  m   liiissia 


■i'weh 


ll.es  t'i'i 


llli 


I  .isii;,  IS  the  I 
exlranrdiiiarv 


ilv    111'  Manilla,   t' 


pnl't    nt'    t  'aviti',    lip    tl 


the     Ineeihi 


r  iniivevanee  tn   w 


hil'h 


;   I  he  sliii  t   I  eini;, 
hy  the  pea-aiit.s.  Will  n  iiiilsiiii 
-  npeii     at     the    iieik.    and    wilhmit,     tie, 
enttnn    haiidki  I'l  hii  .    is   wmii  r'Undlhe 


e.irnau'i's    ate   re.iilv,    \vi 


eariealiiii' 


th    wiimlerrnllv      head,    lint,    ei  ner 
shininu     hl.iek     l''lt    li.il,    nr 


illv    a    seeilv   straw,    nr    a    tal 


I'laik 


tmin  111' 
Manilla    I 


a  wa.sliinj;  liasin 


hnwv    pninteil    hat,  ii  lii  .lapiin.  in  the 
'A  1" 


'I' 


II  n. 


111.   \  nil  selilnlll  see  l\ 


ndiaii  wilhniit  a  iraine  enik,  either  eiiniei 


Till'  |iri>itiu'i'  lit'  ii;.'rii'iiltiin'  in  tin'  IMiili|ip 


'iiUTiiieri'.    siii'iikiii 


S.'i'.'l 


ill'  ills  (ivvii   |ilaiital 


lies."  siivK  M.  ill'  la  ,  '"■'^  ■'"'1 
III    .liila  .li'liii,  II 


II.  hand,  shmildei', 


'ad.    'I'hl.s  I 


le  walks,  alwavH 


nil',  "issiii'li   ;i>  11.1  ciilicr  iiiiiiitrv  \ii 


siiiiMill'iii;:  tlie  liiid's  |ili 


Willi   Vl'p'l.lllli' 

ill   extni'Tiliiiai-N  a' 


allli; 
alillllil; 


1-vi'ry  kiiiil  nt'  I'l'Iiinial  prmliii'i'  s] 


Ills      Til.,  iiirili  ti'i'iim  I  ,n,.„ts.       fjiis  in   the  st reels,  in  the  tii  Id 


iniaL;e,  and  exeliiin;;in;;  endear- 


stirili;;s  It 


e*  ervw  liere. 


Nut  iiiit'ri'i|iii'iitlv,  till'  In 


''  I  Often,    when   two    nl"  these   lentleint  n  hine  exihan 


priip'Tii  n  if  1  ii.'lily  In 


anil 


"!•■ 


::ailii'riil  in 


mil,  III  iiiany  | 


V  jilaiitalii 


thi 


ir    I'ninpliinents    nl'  the    innrnii.f;.  Nnii  w  ill  .see  I  hem 


vli'iit  nf  llii'  |i'i-liiii'S  iilf.ii'ils  tiii'ilitu'.i  t'lir  ri'iirii 


I  mil'  yi'iir.     The  rirliiiiss  iiiiil  i,'ri'iit     sipi.it    dnw  n,    iiiid    allnw    t  heir  lt's|ieetn  e  liirds.  w  jm,  il 


I'altli',  >'  liii'li  I'lisi  liti'i'iill 


\'  ii.iiliiii-r  lull  llii'  iritiiiiu 


ii;  II    iiuiiilnT  nt' 
wa^'i'M  of  a  It'iv 


slii'plii'i'ils       On    liiy    priipiTlv     I     li.'il    llirn'  lii'i-ils :   niu'   ,if  tl 


till 


111' 


liiinilii'il  III 


'Mil,  aiiiilliir  lit   I'iirlit    liiiiiilnil  Initl'alni's.  a  iliiril  i.f  nix 


111 


asis  wi'i-i'  ili'ivi'ii  I'i'i'iii  111 


Wlii'ii  III,,  li,',.  liai'M't  liail  li, 


'II  L-'t  111,  a 


II  till 


t'rnlll  ll'\    lliHlNi 


I'llI 


I iiiitains  i.itii  .i    la 


idil  «ai  a   111 


rj.'i'  plain,  not    I'lir 


1  lii'ti.v.      At  Iiiiil!  Ill' 


V  «i  Tl'  ll 


spi-'illli 


t'.ir  till 


1" 


riven  inio  Litl'i'  I'lirliisni'i's  near  tin 


1.1 


an. I    11.  VI    il.iy  tin'   nsi'ii    tliiil  wer,'   tit  t'.ir  llie  «1iiiil'IiIi 


Iln'  ll. 


t'li..iH.'ll    ti>  111'  einpliiyiil    at    tin'    pi 
I'lllli'   went   ll.  I'k    111   ti 


I'l   nil    lip'  I.'   Ill'   lir.iki'ii,  till'    liiittiil.i,'<  St 


pl.'ilL'tl.    Wile    SI 


Mill.; 
li'i'li'.l.  mill    till' 


ll'   pliiiii    niilil    iii^-ii 


Hall;    tl 


lis   pr.  .I'l's..    i.s 


ri'pi'atiil  .v.  n  .'av  I'.ir  a  liirlii;i;lit,   al'trr  '.liieli  tin'  liiTil  n'liiriii'il 
111  till'   111. .11111.1  11-   until    tin'   saiiii'  perinil   nl'  llie   t'ull.iwini.'   veur. 

ill    tl'il.'ps  .IVIT  it.l  llll'IIHllllllI'll    pil.'>tllfaj,'l' 


■  lislril'iit 


itlllL'    llsi'.t      111      sill 


mil  ri'.iH'riiiL'  ii''  lare   U'Viunl  an  inva.-naial   visit  frnm  llie  liiiliai 

kirpiTS.  * 


the  nieantiini 

In  tike  .1  lew    ipll 


lii'ist 
at  eai 


ini;  into  >..'irlike  iiidniir 


ll  nil 


ler.  w 


hill 


I  si  ems  111 


rel'resh  theiii  aina/iiiLlly.  'I'hen.  withmit  I'nillii  eniii' 
inent,  eaili  master  ynes  his  way.  and  eaeli  cink  lesnines 
It  peiieel'iil  attitude.  Kvery  vill.iee  in  Ln/mi  has.  at 
least,  line  enek  pit.  and  in  .Manilla  there  are  sev.ral 
In  Manilla.  eMry  day  is  ii  saint's  day—  tlie  iiinie  iiii- 
pnrtant  heini;  marked  witii  a  irnss  in  the  ( inv  eminent 
(iazette  tn  deinite  lliein  a.s  hniiihiys.  The  .Mestizas.  i  r 
( 'renh'fiirls,  w  hen  dres.s,'i|  in  ••  sava,"  or  nalive  eiistnme, 
ill  ijiinlK  wear  nn  stnekilii.'s,  and  llnir  teet  .ire  inserted 
i;.tii  the  very  tiniest  ('inlirnideied  slijipeis  inian;in.ilili  ; 
ipper   has   iinthln;;  tn    kee|i    il  mi  at  ih. 


IS   I  lie   s 


hut 

heel,  tile  little  tne  is  iilwavs  nutside  tile  nthereiid  nl'  it 


iW 


111' 


i 

i 

i 

1 

1 

■ 

i    [ 

■ii  r 

1 

u 


P'  I 


THE  ISLANDS  OP  THE   INPIAM    AND   EASTERN   SKAS. 


n 


grili]pin2;  it  in  sncli  a  niannor,  aa  to  liimlcr  it  from  fall- 
in;;  oil'  aitu^fcllu'i',  anil  very  r.irt'ly,  cvimi,  in  the  must 
fast  anil  fiiriou.s  ilanoin;;,  ilui'.s  this  oi'cui'. 

Talkin;;  of  ilanoin;;,  any  stran^jcr,  of  tlit'  same  rank, 
is  ailmittcil  to  any  one's  l)all,  or  "  bayli',"  on  |>rrsi'nta- 
lion  of  his  iMnl.  A  small  primitive  harp  is  the  instru- 
ment of  the  eonntry.  Tiiere  are  few  houses  without 
one,  even  amon^jfit  the  Inilians.  'J'houj^li  the  ;;nitar  is 
a  ijreat  ileal  in  use,  the  lailies,  in  ])artioular,  ;;reatly  exeel 
on  the  harp.  Hut  these  are  not  matters  for  onr  ;;rave 
Austrian  friends  of  tlit!  Xovnra  to  notice,  or  their  (Jer- 
man  professors,  who  accompany  them,  to  enti^r  into. 
Let  us  on,  therefore,  to  statistics  of  traile.  A  young 
traveller  says,  the  prinei)-..'!  manufacti  ry  at  Manilla  is  of 
cigars  and  cheroots  '  The  )>iincipal  ilistiictsin  which 
the  tol)acco  is  cultivated  are  Cargoyeu  and  Hisoyu,  in 
the  north  of  l."z  .1;  they  prod\iciil  al>out  1S,(HI((  ton.s, 
of  which  S.ODd  are  .sent  to  Spain,  in  leaf  merely,  and 
10,000  sold  l.y  auction  at  .Manill.i.  4,000  persons  are 
employed  at  the  work.s  of  Uavite,  and  at  Malaliar 
.j,000  ;  add  to  them  2,000  persons  employed  in  various 


'  In  the  ciinrse  of  my  travels  one  afternoon  siiys  a  trnveller, 
I  obaerveil  an  ini  niiKi' iTMii'cmrsi"  1)1'  Imliaii  \;\v\»  HinihiL'  mit  of 
what  tiptH-'are^l  tn  !)■  a  rliiiri'li,  and  tliaikin^  it  a  i^ddiI  opp  irtnnitv 
to  make  nivs  Ot'  -u-ipiaiiiti'l  witli  tlie  leaiini^  tt'.itin'es  nf  n:iti-,e 
huauty,  li.ossi'il  nv.i  ami  serntinizi'il  tlnan,  in  a  siilliciiail'y 
inarkeil  ni  inm'r  to  all'ml  tli  an  so  ne  aniasenirnl  ;  no  ilonlit  l)y  , 
tc«  joke<  Ml  llh'  native  lanijiiajfe,  anil  at  my  exjien-e.  Kor  ten 
niinntes  till' stra  n  of  aalive  lie  inly  rolleil  liy  wiiliom  the  least 
hI^iis  of  eiNsali'iii,  anil  I  )ie|^an   to  t'eel   myself  in  the    position  of 

the  oonntrvmaii,  win  >va.«  t'oimil  wiitinj;  at  1 nilay  in  Cheapsiile 

niitil  the  "  erowil  hail  pisseil,"  witli  this  relleetioti,  tlieretori'.  I 
nioveil  on.  Uetnniini;  hone,  I  asUeil  wliat  saint's  day  or  other 
li'iliday  it  was.  I-'or  s-ane  little  time  my  frieniU  were  pn/./.led  hy 
the  inipiiry.  lint  at  last  the  t'aet  slione  ont  in  a  Joke  at  my  ex- 
pense, that  promised  to  he  as  endless  us  tlie  stream  ot'  lieanty  itHi'lt' 
In  a  wold,  I  had  lieen  standing  in  the  rear  ot  a  ehi  loot  mannliie'- 
tury,  or  "  l''.ihri('a  de  'lahieo,''  us  it  is  ealled,  and  the  yonii^ 
ladies  who  h:id  attraeted  my  curiosity,  instead  of  euiuin;;  ont  iil' 
the  chnivh  of  "  Itenondo,"  whieh  st  iniU  ii  the  rear  of  'he 
"  Kahriea,"  weie  yirls  leaving  the  lattei  i'..tablishnient  after  their 
day's  eniployment  of  elieroot  and  eigar  in:d;in:;.  I  afterwards 
ivent  over  the  place,  which  is  worth  visit ing  ooee  lew  people  go 
oftener,  I  believe,  for  pleasure.  It  consists  of  a  nmnber  of  lar^e 
apartments,  in  whieh,  at  the  time  of  my  visit,  scviMi  tbonsanil 
girls,  from  abiait  foorteen  or  tifteen  years  old  or  npivariU,  were 
eniployeil  in  e  livening  leaf  to!  aeeu  into  ibe  111  innfaetnred  tonus 
above  nientiimed.  The  whole  proee-s  was  elfeeted  by  their 
delicate  lliigeis,  aided  by  a  slone  hiiiimei-  to  heat  the  leaf  out, 
and  a  sliu'ht  dab  of  some  sticky  eoinp  aind  to  keep  it  to.'etlier 
"hen  rolL'd  into  shape.  .\t  eich  table  I  observed  a  lady  of  more 
mature  age  and  great,  r  experience  ill  tlie  crift,  lb  m  tlie  rest, 
u  hosu  business  it  was  to  lee[i  order,  and  givi-  iiHtnielions  to 
lieginners.  They  are  paid  I  l)elieve,  aeeording  tu  tlie  i|..intity 
anil  ipiality  of  their  «o  k 

.\s  a  general  rule,  th.'  tigiires  o""  theie  rndlao  girU  are  more  to 
he  admired  than  their  I  aces  ;  o  le  _'ieit  il'feet  b  111.'  the  smallness 
.if  the  nose,  an  1  anolhir,  the  red  ting'  of  their  teetli,  proilne.d 
hy  the  habit  of  eheiing  the  hel '1  not.  The>  eyes  and  hair, 
especially  the  1  liter,  are  good,  and  amon-gst  so  iiianv,  there  are 
lilt  a  tew  tint  m.'ht  b '  pron  nioeed  pretty  ;  yet.  nolwilhsMud- 
ing  the  spell'ilndiiig  attr.ietioo  to  an  nnforlnnate  b.iteli' lor,  on 
liailing  liiiiis"lf  in  the  midst  of  seven  tbonsaml  ol  thes"  sirens,  1 
must  I'imfes-,  what,  with  the  constant  ra])  titap  of  their  slooe 
l.aoi'iiers,  the  eloseness  of  the  room-i,  and  a  few  oilier  addenda 
arising  tnim  wa'it  of  ile  iidiness  generally,  I  was  heartily  tliaiik- 
fnl  tin  tindiiig  mys'lf  oiiee  more  in  the  "  world  outside  ;*'  and. 
from  what  I  heard  of  the  visits  nfo  her  stramiers.  the  feeliiii;  w  is 
not    at   all  e.aitiiie  I   to  my   (lartieiilar  tastes.      There  are  several 

t'slalillsh nts  of  this  kind   In   dilferent  parts  of  the    island,  lint 

none  on  so  extensive  a  scale  as  the  one  iit  .Manilla.  I  he  tubaeeo 
trade  is  a  goveriunent  monopoly,  mij  it  is  a  >inL'nhir  fact,  one 
indeed,  which  at  tirsl  sight,  might  appear  incredible  that,  great 
as  the  annual  cxpirt  of  in.ninlaetnred  lobiei-o  nndouhtedly  is.  the 
lumaint  consumisl  in  "l.n/.im"  ilsell,  is  at  leant  six  times  as 
niiicb. 


methods  of  preparing  and  rolling  the  h-af,  and  lastly, 
tlio.se  engaged  in  its  cultivation,  and  we  shall  nrrive 
at  a  total  of  1!I,000  men  and  wotni'ii;  the  produce  of 
whose  labour  is  from  eh'Vi'ii  to  twelve  millions  ol  cigars 
yearly. 

VIII.— THE  ENCHANTED  LAKE. 

FnoM  Miuiilla,  the  Austrian  party  jiroccedeil,  Tist 
to  the  I'eiiinsula  of  .lahi-Jaln,  where  they  s:iw  -M.  Viilie 
in  (piict  possession  of  M.  de  la  (iironieie's  world-fanions 
estate,  and  working  jirolitalily  1,0(1(1  acres  out  of 
10,000,  of  which  it  consists.  Hence  they  wended 
their  way  to  l,a  Liignna  Encantada,  or  the  so  called 
Enchanted  Lake,  in  the  Island  of  Luzon.  'J'iiis 
enehanti'd  lake,  one  of  the  world  famed  wonders  of 
the  eastern  seas,  is  a  little  lagoon  in  the  islet  of 
fSocolme,  inlaizou,  and  it  is  M'parated  from  the  grciter 
lake  of  ISai,  hy  a  very  narrow  mountainous  crest. 
'•  Every  one,"  says  the  liistoriogiajdier  of  the  Aiistriiin 
expedition  of  the  i\ovur(i  "cannot  reach  it,  hy  simply 
wishing  to  do  so." 

The  approach  is  obstructed  hy  MufT  rocks,  and,  still 
further,  not  only  liy  an  ini|  enetrahle  niiiss  of  trtinks, 
roots,  clinihing  plants,  ferns,  canes,  and  thorny  Imshes, 
hut  also  hy  a  nioviiig.  perl  iliotis  soil.  The  lake  is  a 
circular  liasiii  ;  no  ihnilit  fornicd  hy  the  sulsideiice  of 
a  enter,   for  it  is  suriouniled  hy  walls  of  lava. 

Like  many  other  (nchanlmcnts,  it  is  very  dangerous. 
Its  tine  waters  serve  iis  a  place  of  refuge  for  ininiine- 
rable  iilligators  that  ;,ie  very  ferocii  us,  so  much  so  that 
the  navig.itiiin  is  imt  alti  inpted  save  en  large  tiunks 
of  trees  well  laslid  u  ;  ell  1  r  Slighter  canoes  would 
be  infallilily  tniiihlnl  i\ei-.  A|piii<litly  the  weather 
was  too  bad  on  the  <\-a\  ot  our  visit  to  this  Eilen  of  the 
I'hilippities,  even  for  the  croccdiles,  li  r  we  did  not 
perceive  tiny  ol  these  luen.sters;  niiil  if  imr  artist  has 
tigiired  one,  it  is  that  he  has  not  been  idili  to  I'esist  his 
ilnagiiintiiiU.  Tiuth  in  my,  we  1  nil  iii  t  with  us  a 
single  dog  to  muse  the  niiiisteis  by  its  linking,  still 
less  to  jiractise  the  liiibaious  c.'ij.iiie  ol  tlilowiug  one 
of  these  jioor  deiiiestic  animals  into  the  waiir  in  order 
to  enjoy  the  speclncle  of  the  furicus  gieniiiiiss  of  the 
•illigatms.  AN'e  saw  with  .-urpriM'  llyii  g  ih  gs  or  foxes 
{/'Im/ii)  ]ih.\  ing  (.\ir  tie  lake,  uttering  ^llallge  cries, 
and  taking  rel'iige  by  thousands  in  the  tn  is.  w  heie  they 
suspended  themselves  ill  eiioinniis  hunches  to  the 
branches. 

At  the  time  when  the  members  of  Lord  Klgins 
embassy  were  tit  Manilla,  they  were  one  night,  instead 
of  dancing  Inndangi  es,  snugly  escuncid  at  t'  e  bottom 
of  a  canoe,  upon  the  river  I'nsig,  lulled  to  slei  p  ly  the 
;  measured  stroke  of  the  boalinen's  ]iiilillis.  tis  they 
j  forceil  the  littli!  cialt  rapidly  up  stti  11m  lioiii  Cavite, 
a  town  of  l."),000  iiih.ibitnnls.  iiay.ight  toiii  d  them 
in  the  Lago  de  I'ai,  1  ndir  the  lee  of  the  island  oi 
Talim.  Its  high  volcanic  hills  Wde  woiah  d  to  the 
summit,  and  iiidenlid  with  chai'Ming  little  bays, 
fringed  with  dioopiiig  baiiibiais.  '1  he  lake  is  some 
what  in  the  shape  of  a  horse  s  hoof  1  a  |a  iiiii.'-u'a  at  the 
end  of  which  is  the  Island  of  'ralim,  lorniilig  the  Irog. 
Krotn  thence  they  .stretchei'  ai  ii  ss  to  the  si  utheiii 
shore,  the  high  and  precipitous  inounlains  of  which 
looked  comparatively  near,  litit  to  the  westward  ihr 
watei's  of  the  lake  formed  (he  horizon.  Thi'  Lugo  de 
Ihii  is  the  largest  sheet  of  fresh  water  as  yet  diseovcn  il 
ill  the  1  asti  III  Archipelago,  being  twenty-eight  miles 
in  length  by  tv^•enty-two  in  breadth. 


Il 


:,  1 1 


I     ■! 


ifi! 


1 


252  ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 

'riicir  (Icstiiintidn,  wli'icli  tlicv  iTiulicil  in  tiiiu'  fof  ii 


lute  lii-iiiUlasI,  is  ('cli'biiitfd  lor  smin!  tlu'i  iiial  s|irili.Lr'-. 
wliifli,  l)iiiil)litii;  out  of  tlio  jjiroiiiiil  iiliiiost  iit  llii' 
water's  k'<\<^i',  ciialilc  tlu'  \vimi_v  tiavflli'i'  to  rclVr.-li 
liiiiis<ir  with  a  Will-Ill  lialli.  tlioiiL;li,  as  tlit'  tciiiin  ratini' 
is  sutliiifiitly  lii^ili  to  lioil  an  ci,',:,'  in  I'oiir  iiiiiiiit.'s.  lie 
liad  liftter  not  iiiaku  rasli  expiiinniils.  In  c.iii-i' 
iliieuce  of  tllesi'  s|irinf,'s,  wliicli  at  oni'  tinn'  i  njovicl 
some  cclfliritv,  the  vilhi<;e  is  I'alhil  Lis  Paiios.  It 
consists  onlv  of  a  few  Indian  huts,  in  one  of  whirh, 
elevateil  on  |iilis,  and  surioiindiMl  liy  a  crowd  of  ad- 
luiiing  natives,  the  party  restored  exliansti  d  nature, 
]in|.aiatoiT  to  a  trip  to  the  Islanl  of  Soeoline.  For- 
tunately, "tlie  liistoriogi-.ipher  of  the  einli.issy,  Mr. 
Oliphaiit,  says  lie  ha  I  not  seen  the  narrative  of  that 
annisiii!;,  lint  most  audaeioiis  roiiiaiieer,  l.a  (iiroiiii're. 
the  aeeiiraey  of  whirh  ww.y  lie  juilired  of  from  the  fait, 
that  he  estimates  the  lake  ol  Soeolme  as  havini:  an 
I'levatioii  <if  1,")0(I  feet  aliove  the  Lago  de  llai.  when 
tifieen  feet  is  really  the  outside;  and  says  it  "does  not 
icrrive  the  rays  of  the  sun  e.xeept  when  that  Iniiiinarv 
is  at  its  zenith  ;"  whereas,  the  lianksin  many  parts  Iieing 
not  above  twenty  I'eet  high,  and  in  one  ])taee  alioiit  I'IMI. 
the  lake  moreover  being  at  least  two  miles  round,  it 
rejoices  to  a  very  equitable  e-xtent  in  tin'  1  li's.sed  lays 
ot"that  ■■  hiininary."  It  is  to  be  liojied,  for  the  sake  of 
l.a  (iironieri's  creilit  as  n  n  irtsman,  that  he  displayed 
as  much  e<iurage  with  his  ■  c  •  ho  certainly  has  with 
iiis  pen. 

Thev   paddleil  round   the  in.  jf  the   lake,  "  en- 

chanted." ihey  say,  with  its  loveli,  ,  sheltering  theiii- 
M'lvcs  from  the  noon  day  sun  under  the  luxuriant 
\ei,'ctatioii  which  clotlns  its  banks,  and  droojis  into 
ilie  water.  'I'hoiisands  of  llyiiig  foxes  had  chosen  for 
their  retreat  thes(>  lealV  shades  ;  their  unsightly  bodies 
were  concealed  Ijy  their  expansive  wings,  as,  c-jiuging 
by  their  feet,  they  hung  in  <lark  festoons  from  the  pro 
■  cting  br.iiiche.s.  Disturbed  by  their  aiiproach.  they 
,la|iped  away  over  the  lake,  mid  they  soon  awdke  its 
^iU'iit  eihocs  with  the  report  of  their  guns,  tumbling 
two  or  three  of  tliesi'  inonstrous  bats  heavily  into  the 
water.  If  the  alligators  existed  al  all,  they  eviilently 
1  ad  not  recovered  from  the  panic  which  must  have  I ceii 
cii'aticl  by  la  (iironieie's  visit.  Nit  one  ventured  to 
■-how  the  tip  of  his  nose  above  the  water. 

They  were  loth  to  leave  this  fairy  like  scene;  and, 
lnokiiig  back  iipiiii  it,  as  they  dragged  their  canvas 
over  tin-  n.iriow  strip  of  land,  were  reminded  rather  of 
a  diamond  set  in  emeralds,  than  of  the  crater  of  an 
extinct  volcano.  As  it  was.  the  attractions  of  the 
Island  of  Soeolme  hail  indu"ed  them  to  linger  too  long, 
for  it  WIS  late  ere  they  started  on  tlii'ir  return  voyage, 
a  gale  of  wind  having  sprung  up  in  the  mean  time,  and 
it  was  not  till  after  a  I  Mig  night  of  diseoiiiforts  and 
dangers  tliiit  they  icarhed  their  destination. 

It  is  liiit  fairto^'ive  the  iiiiich  belied  lie  la  (liio- 
iiiere  the  ailMint.ii,'!'  of  aiiolher  witness,  Ciptain  Jlcnry 
I'.  Kills,  I!  N  .  who  thus  describes  his  imn  \isit  : — 
■••In  ill -cciiiling  to  ']{.i  soniliie  banks,  the  words  of 
-Mooics  song,  1  iiiiiineiiciiig,  '  ( »ii  that  lake  whose 
!.'loouiy  shore,'  are  vividly  brought  to  your  mind  ;  all 
i>  so  li.iiK,  cold,  and  still,  that  it  iniylit  well  be  com- 
pared to  the  '\alliy  of  the  shadow  ol  death.'  Its  area, 
nearly  coni]iriM's  .i  space  between  t«o  and  three  miles 
111  circunifeniice  ;  its  sides,  eipially  steep  above  and 
liclow  the  surface,  give  on  one  h  ml  very  deep  water 
close  to  the  eili.'e,  and  mi  the  other  abrupt,  tliiikly 
wiHided  ni.is>es,  too  steep  and  nverliaiiging,  as  even  at 


noonday  iiartiall}'  intercept  the  sun's  rays,  and  east 
over  the  water's  surface  a  dead  leaden  hue,  and  mid 
mystery  bearing  elli'ct  sntlicieiitly  suggestive  of  its 
name,  AViili  the  exception  ol  the  narrow  belt  bo- 
tweeii  it  and  the  Lake  of  J'ay,  the  hills  all  rimiid  rise 
to  the  height  of  at  least  1  ..ilMl  l.^t,  or  rather,  when 
you  are  en  the  shorcsof  the  Soeolme,  you  have  the  im- 
pression of  being  sunk  that  far  below  them,  iiiucll  ill 
the  .same  way  as  you  would  w hen  down  a  well  ;  mid  I 
believe  it  is  an  ascertained  fact  that  its  level  i.s  iictii 
ally  below  that  of  the  nciglibonring  great  Lake  of  Hay, 
with  which,  of  course,  if  siicli  le  the  ca.se,  it  cuiinot  le 
in  ((innection.  Our  little  eaiioe  having  been  launclu  d 
and  manned  by  an  Iiiuian  at  either  end  to  |iaddle  it, 
our  next  undertaking  was  to  get  in  with  our  guns' 
wiihoiit  swanijiing  the  whole  iirraiigi'ineiit.  which  re 
ipiired  a  loiisider.ible  aniount  of  care,  and  a  iiio.-t  sub- 
dui'd  (juietness  of  action  to  accomplish  ;  imiccd  J  do 
not  know  that  1  iver  felt  less  disposed  to  coiiiineiicc 
any  pl,i\fiil  antics  than  I  did  when  I  tbund  myself 
thus  nt  ('i-i-in  to  my  conipanion,  tloating  away  from  the 
fiiendly  lank  in  a  mere  shell,  wlio.se  sides  ro.se  but 
two  or  three  inches  above  the  dtisty  ashen  surface  of 
these  sullen  waters,  eontailiilig,  as  we  knew  they  diil, 
inoiisteis  but  too  I'eady  for  an  (ip]iiirtunity  to  convert; 
us  into  a  component  part  of  themselves.  The  sur- 
rounding trees  had  a  shade  of  brown  blended  with 
til  ir  dark  green  foliage,  which  at  lirst  I  could  not 
ipiite  account  for.  luit  this  soon  explained  itself;  for, 
after  getting  a  little  aeeustonied  to  our  cockleshell, 
and  tliiieby  aciiuiring  siitKcient  routideiice  to  lire  oiir 
gnus  111  aiiiui  ,'  them,  the  report  was  succeeded  by  a 
rushing  soiii"  .  like  that  of  a  distant  mountain  torrent, 
and  the  ail  becaine  iuimeiliately  darkened  by  the  Might 
of  myii:ii|s  I  t  living  foxes  that  lluttered  about  just 
over  our  lie.iil.  confusing  and  stiipifving  us  with  their 
discordaiit  scieams.  Tlicre  weie,  besides,  herons  and 
sea  fowl  of  ditfereiit  kinds,  but  the  number  of  the  tly- 
iu;;  foxe.s  (Ptiropi,  Lin,)  far  exceeded  them.  This 
creiitiire,  as  its  name  im]iiie.s,  has  a  head  ipiite  like 
that  of  a  small  fox,  and  wings  like  that  of  ii 
vaiiipire-bnt  ;  its  body  is  about  a  foot  long,  of  a 
reddish,  brown  I'oloiir ;  and  the  lonl-ensomble,  even 
to  the  peeuli.ir  smell  possessed  by  that  animal,  bears 
a  most  striking  resemblance  to  Master  Reynard 
Fnli'ss  you  catch  them  under  the  wing  in  living, 
they  are  very  dillicult  to  kill.  They  hang  mi  in 
■  lusters  to  the  trees,  scicaiiiiiig.  if  woiiinleil,  while 
ti.ere  is  a  spark  of  life  left,  and  at  such  ;.imes,  woe 
letide  tlii>  niilia]ipy  tinger.s  of  aiiyciie  atieuiptiiig  to 
handle    them    belore    they    have    received    their    tinal 

ipiictus  ;    for  their  teeth  are  as  sharp  .'is   n lies,   and 

they  are  eipially  sharp  in  the  apprehension  of  tli"ni. 
NVe  filiot  .several,  and  some  seafowl.  myriads  of 
which  come  here  to  deposit  their  eggs  ;  indeed,  the 
gl  loiuy  bowers  of  Socolnie  seem  to  ii.ivc  been  adopted 
as  a  sort  of  hereditary  nursery  by  the  feathered 
tribes  generally,  the  intrusion  on  wlmli  by  man  they 
most  uninistake.ibly  rcii  onstrate  against.  No  alli- 
gat'irs  cliised  us,  open  mouthed,  as  did  they  (liroiiieri', 
thoiii;h  our  solitary  canoe  nlfered  them  uveii  a  more 
tempting  bail,  nor,  while  on  the  lake,  di  I  we  dis 
tini'tly  see  any  signs  of  one.  However,  the  sudden 
disapjiearance  below  the  surface  of  several  heads  of 
our  game,  left  little  doubt  as  to  their  actual  |ii'esenee, 
and  my  companion  told  mu  he  had  never  before,  out 
ot  several  visits  he  had  made,  missed  seeing  some, 
either  on  the  binks  or   in  the   water.      llavin;^  m  de 


THE   ISLANDS  OP  THE   INDIAN    AND    RARTFRN  SFAS 


the  circuit  of  tliii  l;ikc,  iiiid  siirticiciitly  explored  its 
mystiMies  iiiid  eiicli.iiitiueiits,  we  niturued  to  tlie  ^Illlt 
wlience  we  liad  set  out,  had  our  cniioe  retr.ins|iorted 
into  tiio  "  Laj^iiim  do  ISiii."  and  eiidiarked  in  imi-  larger 
one  on  imr  relnrn  to  Las  lianos.  Slidrtlv  all'  r  we 
shoved  oil",  tlie  sh.irp  eyes  of  tlie  Indians  diseoNcred  a 
"eayniun  "  bisiiini,'  in  tlie  snn  at  the  foot  of  the  hill 
wo  liail  jnst  left,  lint  he  di<l  not  remain  loiij^  to  he  m 
speeted,  and  holted  into  the  water  like  a  shot.  It  is 
sin;,Mdar  how  rapidly  an  alligator  will  reach  the 
water;  I  have  freipiently  remarked  it  while  on  hoat 
ser\iee  on  the  West  Coast  cit  Africa,  hloiking  the 
montlis  of  some  of  the  rivers,  where  ford  \s  we  hail 
to  lay  otr  with  little  else  to  amnse  ns.  'I  hev  wonid 
bo  lying  on  the  heacli,  looking  tor  all  the  world 
like  so  many  hnge  logs  of  tindier,  withont  tin-  slightest 
sign  of  life,  when,  jiulling  towards  the  hack  of  the 
surf,  near  enough  for  nniskot  range,  a  hall  woidd  come 
pat  jgainst  the  hai'd  side  of  one.  appearing  to  il,  |)ro- 
hahly,  nothing  more  than  a  hllip  of  a  lingei'  w<  nld  he 
to  lis;  lint,  taking  the  hint,  lu^  seemed  tu  roll  (1 
imagine  that  is  an  ocniar  deception),  into  the  water 
with  a  most  snrjirising  velocity.  At  other  times 
a  very  diverting  game  u.sed  to  he  going  on  hetween 
them  and  some  long-legged  white  liirds,  in  the  manner 
following  : — Our  attention  wonId  he  aricsted  l>v  one 
ofthe.se  hirds  lioppiTig  aho\it,  mo.st  provnkingly,  jnst 
in  front  of  .Master  Cayman,  as  he  lay  in  a  ipncscent 
state,  which  hi-  woidd  .sometimes  do  for  a  loug  time  ; 
when,  apparently  Insing  paticMice,  or  fincying  nis  long- 
legged  tantaliser  w.is  oil'  his  gn:ird.  In-  wonM  make  a 
sndden   dart    at    him,    which    invai<;iblv    resulted     iu 


'  Wlu'n  till'  ciil'iny  iit  .lalm  jaliii,  s.ivs  M,  ilo  Iu  (iinoncre,  IkuI 
tu't'ti  tor  a  f.w  years  fuinult'it.  tlie  t-a\  niaiiii  ilisapiicartil  fnmi  its 
iiL-)i;)ili>inrli(HHl.  1  was  nut  one  inoniiii.^  with  my  siicjilierils,  at  a 
fvw  U'i'^iU'H  tVoin  ni\  hnuso,  wlieii  we  came  to  a  river  wiiicli  must 
III'  sw'.ini  across.  One  of  llicni  ailvisod  me  to  iisci'inl  it,  ton 
iiarniwor  place,  tor  tliat  it  was  fill  of  cayinaiis  ;  ami  I  was  aliout 
til  ill  so,  w'lieii  unother  Iiiiliaii,  niiire  im|irii(leiit  lliaii  Iiis  cniii- 
lianiiiiH,  spm-ivil  las  horse  into  tlie  stvcain.  *•  I  ilii  ii  it  tear  tlii 
iMvinans!"  he  exelaitiieil.  Hut  he  Wiis  scurc»'Iy  iialf-w ay  across, 
wlien  w-e  saiv  a  cayinuu  ut  laiiuslriius  size  ailvaiiciii)^  towartls  him. 
We  iitt.Tcd  .1  sli'iiit  of  waniiii;;  ;  he  at  mice  pcrcciveil  tlie  daii;.'i'i-, 
and,  to  avoid  it,  t;<it  otVliis  Ipii-sc  at  the  opposite  side  to  that  upon 
which  the  caymau  was  approaching  and  swam  with  all  Ins 
stri'iijth  ton  irds  tin;  haiii..  On  reiieliinj;  it,  he  jianse  I  liehind  a 
I'lllcn  t.eetnink,  where  ho  had  water  to  his  knees,  and  where, 
li'li'viii',:  :inn< 'il'iii  p  a'f -ct,  sale:  »■.  hi  Ir^i.v  hise.itlis,!  and  waited. 
Meanwhile  the  cayinitn  raised  his  eiionii  ills  head  nut,  of  the  water, 
threw  Iiinisell'  upon  tiiu  horse,  and  seized  him  by  the  saddle,  llie 
Iiiirs'.'  nude  an  etVirt,  the  ^.'irtha  lirok-',  and,  whilst  the  eayinan 
crimeiied  the  lealli  r,  the  steed  re.iehed  dry  land.  IVrceiviyij;  iliil 
the  "addle  was  not  what  he  w.inted,  the  cayman  dr  >p|ied  it,  and 
advanced  iipiiii  the  Iiidi  in.  We  shouted  to  him  to  run.  The  poor 
I'ello.v  would  uol  stir,  hut  waited  calmly,  cutlass  in  haii  I,  and  on 
till!  allii^ator's  ncir  approaeh,  dealt  him  a  liliiw  upon  the  head,  lie 
niijlht  as  well  have  tapped  up  in  un  anvil.  Thii  next  iiist,int  he 
Wis  wrl'.hin;.'  iu  the  monster's  j  iws.  For  more  than  a  minule  we 
h  held  him  dr.i.'tjed  in  the  dirceliim  i.f  the  lake,  lii«  li  idy  erect 
ahove  the  surface  of  the  water.  Tin  cayman  hail  seized  iiim  hy 
the  tliijjh,  his  lianiU  joined,  his  eyes  turned  to  heaven,  in  the 
altitude  of  a  man  iiuplorinj  Divine  mercy.  Soon  he  disappearei!. 
The  diaina  was  over  — llie  eiyman's  stooiacli  was  his  tonili.  IMirim; 
tils  a^  iniziii);  inoment  we  had  all  remained  silent,  lint  no  sooner 
had  my  pour  shepherd  disappeared,  than  we  vowed  to  aveiiire  his 
deitli.  I  liii'l  three  nets  made  of  striiiiL'  cord,  each  net  lar:.'e 
eiiiiiiKli  to  form  a  roniplete  harrier  across  ihe  river.  I  al.-o  had  a 
hut  huilt,  and  put  mi  Indian  to  live  in  it,  whose  duly  was  to  keep 
constant  watch,  and  let  me  know  us  noon  un  tile  ciiyiiiau  returuisl 
to  the  river,  lie  watched  in  vain  for  upwards  ut  two  nuiiith> ; 
hut,  at  theenil  of  that  time  he  caim'  and  t  ild  me  that  the  iiion- 
uler  hud  Heizeil  a  horse,  and  hud  iha,.'p'd  it  into  the  river  to  de- 
vour it  at  li  mure.    I  iniinedi  itiU  leimired  to  tlicHpot,  aecoiiilJWiiixl 


2S9 

Miuster  Bird  just  rising  high  einnigh  to  let  the  alligator 
pass  helo'.v  him.  nnd  then,  iiligliting  in  his  rear,  he 
Would  await  the  rctinn  of  calm  nioiiients  to  torment  his 
enemy  afresh.  l''reipienlly,  after  u  few  inetU'ctnal 
charges  of  this  kind.thealligalorwoiild  rush  to  the  water 
in  e\  ident  di.sgnst.  there  to  seek  that  rejiose  which  was 
denied  liini  on  Oirn  finna.  Notwithstanding  that  the 
idea  of  an  alligator  attacking  a  canoe  has  been  sonn;- 
wliat  ridiculed,  I  kimw  from  e.xperieiiee  that  it  is  a  thing 
lint  at  iill  iuipicilialile.  At  I'ort  Kssington,  on  the  'lortli 
siile  of  .\iislralia  (wlnre  we  iiad  for  many  yeiirs,  |ie;-- 
li  ps.  one  of  the  most  illnianaged  of  all  our  blundering 
attempts  at  a  set  llcineiil)  the  alligators  were  so  tierce, 
that  it  was  not  at  all  an  niicominon  thing  for  them  to 
liite  at  the  blades  of  lioats"  oars  as  they  dipped  iu  pulling, 
nor  even  to  make  attempts  to  get  into  the  boat  itself, 
which,  ill  the  case  of  a  canoe  must  havc^  been  certain 
desi  ruction.  I  forget  exactly  what  their  length  there 
aveiageii,  but  I  know  it  was  dilHcult,  at  a  little  distance, 
to  distinguish  between  one  basking  on  the  surface  and  a 
native  canoe,  which  arc  generally  large  euough  to  hold 
ten  or  a  dozen  people. "^ 

IX.-TIIE  SIL-LI-BA-JJOO  ISLANDERS, 

'I'll  the  ethnologist,  and  those  who  studj'  the  history 
of  the  human  race  in  the  development  of  the  original 
tvpes,  :ind  the  intermixture  anil  assimilation  of  the 
v.irioiis  races,  the  group  of  the  Philippines,  and  espe 
ciully  i.iizon.  are  fertile  in  exiiniples  ;  for  here  may  he 
f  lund  types  of  almost  every  race,  the  woolly-heaiied 
negro,  the  long  haired  black,  the  rapiian,the  .\Ialay,tlie 
Kurile,  1111(1  the  Siberian  Asiatic.   'I'he  TagaL..  or  Malay 


by  my  guards,  hy  my  priest,  who  positively  wmdil  see  a  caymnii- 
liiiiit,  and  hy  an  Americiiii  Irieiid  of  luiiie,  Mr.  Hu.ssell,  of 
the  house  of  Russell  and  Stnrgie,  who  was  then  staying  with  me. 
I  had  the  nets  spread  at  intervals,  so  that  the  cayman  could  nut 
eicape  hack  into  the  lake.  At  last,  all  measures  haviiit;  been 
taken  to  attain  inyend  without  risk  of  accident,  my  Indians  began 
to  exiilore  the  river  with  their  loiin  bamboos.  An  aiiiinal  of  such 
furuii'lable  size  as  the  one  we  soU);ht  cannot  very  easily  liiiie  him- 
self,  and  soon  webehchl  him  upon  the  surface  of  the  river,  lashing 
the  waterw  all  Ins  loiigtail,  suapiiing  and  chattering  with  hisjaws, 
and  eiideav..niiii'_- to  j,'el  at  t..o.e  who  dared  dislmli  hiiii  in  iii> 
r.  triat.  .K  universal  shout  ol  Joy  t;reeleil  his  aiipearaiice. 
The  Indians  in  the  pir.'^'iiis  Iniili'il  their  lances  at  him, 
whilst  we,  ni'on  either  sh.ne  ol  the  river,  tired  a  volley.  The 
hull,  ts  rehounded  from  the  inonster's  scales,  which  they  were 
unable  to  peiiel rate  ;  the  keentr  lances  made  their  way  hetween 
I  he  scales,  and  entered  the  cayman's  b'dy  some  ei(;ht  or  ten 
iiichis.  ■i'lieieiii«iii  he  disappeared,  swinimiii);  with  incredible 
rapid, ty,  and  reached  the  lirst  net.  The  rcsislunce  it  opposid 
tnrneil  him  hack  ;  he  reasciiiih  d  the  river,  and  apiiii  apiH'iired  on 
the  twp  of  the  water.  The  vioh'iit  inovenu  lit  broke  the  stives  of 
ihe  lames  whieh  the  Indians  had  slack  into  him,  and  the  iron 
alone  leinaiiu  '  iu  the  wounds.  Kacli  time  that  he  reappeund 
the  liriiik'  lei  1111110111111,  and  fresh  lances  wire  plunged  into  his 
enorinoiis  b.  ly.  I'eRcivint:,  however,  how  inell'ictual  tireainis 
were  to  piei.'e  his  euirass  ol  iiivnlneralile  scales,  I  excited  him.  by 
my  shiints  and  ^'cstiiies;  and  » Inn  he  came  to  the  edge  ol  the 
witter,  openiii;:  hi-  enornious  jaws,  all  ready  to  devour  me,  I  ap- 
pioaeiicd  the  iini/.zle  of  iiiy  ^mi  to  within  a  few  iiiehcs,  and  tired 
both  hanel-,  in  the  hope  thai  the  bullets  would  tiiid  soiiiethini' 
softer  than  Males  in  the  interior  of  tli.it  formhlable  cavern,  uiiU 
that  they  w  nld  iMiietrate  to  his  brain.  All  was  in  vain,  'fho 
j.iws  cIomhI  Willi  a  terrible  noise,  seizing  only  the  lire  and  smoke 
mat  issued  lioni  my  gun.  and  the  balls  llatt'  ned  against  bis  bone* 
Hiiiiont  injiiiii.g  till  111  'llie  animal,  which  had  now  lieeonie 
furious,  m.ide  iiieonei'iv.ible  ell'orts  to  seize  one  ol  his  enemies;  his 
slrciiL'lh  se.  meil  to  inenase  iiiste.id  ol  diininishing,  w  Inlst  our 
nsiiiirees  were  nearly  exliausled.  Alniosl  all  our  laiuTS  \vere 
sticking  in  his  IhhIv,  "and  our  aiumunilion  drew  to  an  end.  The 
liilht  h.id  Imled  more  than  six  liocrs  without  aii>  result  that  iinild 


m 


■H-^ 


ii 


2S4 


AM-   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


al)iiiii;iii;il-(  of  Miiii'i''.  .-iiv  ^inal'  in  >t  itiiri' ami  wr  il; 
ill  liiiily,  lilt  i«t'  a  ni  >!■••  vi^.ipiu«  <•  nistitiilii'ii   tlian   tlif 

II  itivi'H  of'  tin-  otli  r  islaiuls  ••(  tin-  Aivlii|i<'lui;<>.  'J'licir 
skills  ail-  lit'  a  liri:,'lit  T  0"l»iir  tlitii  tlmsc  of  tlie  ntlicr 
\r  liavs,  ami  tlii'ir  li  lir  is  Mack,  willi.nit  Ih'Iiil;  wonlly. 
Tlicir  III  iial  cliai-.ii-t  t  is  curious   to  oIimtvc,  still  iimri' 

curiiiiis  t.)  rt'il.  Tilt*  Iii'liiii  ki-f-jis  his  wmil,  ami  is 
vet  a   liar  ;  am;.-!-    Ii  •  li.is   in   liorror,  coiii|iariiii{  it   to 

III  i:|iii'-;s,  anil  ilf-iii:i-^  it  worst"  than  ilniiikciiiii'ss, 
wliii'h  hi-  iii'MTtheli'ss  ili-pisi-s.  To  avi'iijj;i»  an  iiijiiry 
he  »<'rii|ili's  n  it  to  use  his  ila^::iT  :  wiut  he  will  Ic  ist 
sii|i[)ort  is  aliiisi',  evi-u  w'lcii  ilcs  rvc  1.  You  may  llni; 
liiiii  when  lie  lias  i-o  iriiitttil  a  I'aiilt,  ami  he  will  not 
coiiipiaiii  ;  liiit  at  h  ir.l  w.irls  he  is  m.iiijn ant.  Jle  is 
lirave,  m'ner  ais,  aiil  a  tat  ili-t.  I'lie  Taitals  are 
ilsuilly  ^11  111  t'ltiier-i  an  1  s:  n>il  husliiiuls,  two  i|ualities 
iMlvly  seji  iratiil.  Hurrilily  j.-.iliii- o.' tlu-ir  wives,  they 
are  e,irele-s  ot  the  li  ci  ••■tv  <•(  their  il  lULrhteiv.  ami  lneil 
imt  the  fault*  their  liriilt' liny  hive  committeil  hel'n-e 
inarri.ii,'e.  Th  •  Ta-^als  hive  rt-tainel  all  their  oil 
sii|ierstitiiiii-,  ami  sii]>erinilii -eil  them  uiioii  t'liris- 
lianity,  which  they  have  ac<-ejit.- 1  Ironi  their  ccii- 
ijiii  rm-s,  the  Sjiitiiarils.  Two  i-\  .1  ilities  jilay  an  ini- 
|iirtaiit  part.  '  >  le  of  thev?  ni  ili_' i  rit  s]ii:-iis  is  the 
i'io-liil  111.  wlhi  ilvvells  ill  the  fir-:*,  ia  the  inliM-ior  of 
the  great  little-.  T.ii-  ilivinity  rc.|uiiv.s  i;reat  re- 
spect. Every  t  nie  a:i  Iiiiliaii  iti-x-s  a  tii^-trei',  he 
makes  , a  si;.' i  wi;h  his  h  iml.  s.iys  "  TurJ-iio  ;"  ra'.;il 
wonls.  si'^iiityiiii:  '•  Iiv  y  iir  li-:ive.  my  1  iril."  aililressiiijj 
thus,  t'.i.'  Til  liilaii.  Iiie  o;h -r  i;  ni  i^  calle  1  Assuan, 
.•111(1  is  coiisiih'ieil  ti  exep-is"  a  w.iii.k-rl'iil  iiitluence  ovi'r 
worn  11  in  lalioiir.  tjiie  oft  -u  s<-«-s  an  lielian.  at  such 
times,  s  ateil  .istii  le  on  the  loof  ••{  lii>  li  iiis,>,  .sahie  in 
liaiiil.ciittiii^  aiel  tlirii^tiii4  in  <-iii]iTy  .lir.t.ulrive  awiy, 

iii;ike  11-  Imp.'  its  s|kh1i  teriiiii  atimi.  »lieii  an  iMliaii  Btriuk  tl  e 
(iiMii;iii.  iMiilst  at  ti.t  Uiiieiii  i-r  iif  «ai<r,  with  H  laiiiv  111  le 
(isuiil  s:ri'ii;;tii  aiitl  >izt'.  AitoliitT  I-  »j:uii.  n\  li  -  iiiiiiniile  s  riijiii  -' 
stiiick  two  vipa-iMi*  \>iw,  witu  a  in  a\  u|«iii  tlie  luMtt'iKl  nf  ili 
lame;  tlie  iimi  eliriTitl  il,>-[>  into  tl.i'  .•i.ilii.ir>  I'lly.  ami  ilinmil! 
iiti'ly.  witli  a  imiveiii.iit  :is  swift  a-  lijilitiiii  j;.  lieilirtiil  tiiwMril 
the  IliK  anil  ili-:i|i!ii  ur.il.  IW  lal;o  |«  '.■  .  <lt  tarlinl  In  ill  tin  inn 
lieail,  iitiiri,.  il  tn  ihe  suriatv  of  iIm^  walir ;  •'■  r  mhih'  iiiiiiiili.s  we 
i\;iit*(i  ill  vaui  tiir  Hie  m.iiister's  rv  .ii»j*-»n*ia'«- ;  we  tlmii^ht  that 
his  last  elllirt  hail  .nahl.-.I  liiiii  to  n-.i<h  the  lake,  ami  that  mir 
eliise  was  |MTfetth  fniitl.-s.  Wo  Imultil  in  tin-  tiist  net,  »  I;  rp' 
imle  in  which  c  iiiviiuttl  u*  that  •nr  >ui'i»i»*iliiiii  was  cnrrict.  'J  he 
si'i'i-iiil  III  t  was  ill  the  sinii- »tiii<litiiiii  a* '"if  tir*t.  Ilishiartei.nl 
bv  our  fiihire,  we  were  ii  ni  n^  in  :iie  thinl.  wiieii  we  li  It  It  -troiiL' 
resistance.  .•>.  veral  liulia  -  i» -.^iii  t»«  .Jr»i:  it  Towarils  the  hank. 
and  |irescii  l_v,  tn  our  j^nat  ;■•*,  we  ?aw  tiie  i-iMiian  n|»i'ii  tlie  siir- 
I  e-e  ot' til '  w  cer  :  he  w-a<  e\r>iri  e».  We  threw  orer  lii.n  st'\  eril 
i.ls^  is  of  s  r  I  ir  eonis,  an  1  wiie*i  he  wn  weil  stviirtsl  we  ilri-w  hi  ii 
to  l.iiiil.  It  w  is  n>>  easy  ai.itUT  &  I  liiiil  i)i:u  uii  on  the  tiaiik  ;  the 
slren_'th  nl  I'o.  "y  In  h  \ui  inr-ily  s-iifi  -vJ.  Wliea,  at  i.ust.  we  h  nt 
got  him  eomii!i-t  \\  oat  of  riio  water,  aiiJ  had  lii  ii  before  mir 
eyes,  wo  stool  >tuiK'tie>l  wi'Ii  aston:»iiiiieiit  :  fir  a  v.-rv  diili'reat 
tliiiiLf  was  il  to  sif  Ills  ii.i  1>  thtw  aa  1  t  •  s«v  liiai  s  liai  iiin;;  w  hen 
he  WIS  H.'htiinr  a.-imsi  n*  Mr.  IJu-s  il,  \  very  e  •  ii]i  tent  pervin, 
\^.is  eliarireil  with  hi-*  ni'-a-eri- n.ait.  Kr.im  tiie  extr»'aiity  of  the 
aostrils  til  t'le  tip  lit  tiie  tail,  lie  w  .s  toaiid  to  U.*  tvventy-s -veil 
:eet  1  iHjr,  a  n!  li:s  ciren:iit'ervn<v  was  mn -h  more  vola  ninn  !S  ;  but 
we  tliiiii;rht  it  lis.  less  to  in  a*urv  cm  tlier»»,  jii'l.:  ii;;  that  the 
horsi.'  ii|i  111  «  hie  1  he  h  el  hr  aktastol,  must  c  ni-i.l.T.ittlv  have  in* 
crease. 1  his  huU.  fiii-  tir-t  pr  v-^  at  aa  end,  we  took  ooun*i'l 
as  to  what  we  siionlil  ili  wiiii  the  denil  cayman.  Kvery  o  le  jj.ive 
his  opinion.  My  wi*h  was  tocinver  it,  l»>.lily.to  my  n'siilence ; 
hnl  t  at  was  iiiii»i-~i  ie,  i:  w.niM  h.«e  rtspiitv  i  a  visss  1  .it  tive  nr 
six  tons  hurt  .ea,  and  we  c<>n'>i  n -t  pnUu.v  sacli  a  cnif^.  I  hie 
man  w  iiitinl  the  skin,  the  I:i  ii  tn  !»,•.• -U  f -r  the  l1e«h.  to  dry  it, 
and  ii-e  it  is  a  s|Ke  tic  akTiinst  a-t'i  ai.  Tiiey  atfirin  that  any 
astliiiial'.c  leisoii  wlio  iiunrisiii-s  hiawlf  for  a  ivrt.iin  time  witii 
Ibis  tlesli  is  i  fdliMy  cnnsl.  SonieUJy  els«-  de-inil  to  hive  the 
fit,  as  an  iiatii 'te  to  riniiaiatic  iiaiit*;  and.  tiiallv.  ;nv  worthv 
l>ries?  duiiianiU'd  that    the  stotn;kai  shoidil  be  ojk-iuiI   in  order  td 


as  lie  says,  tlii^  .V.ssiian.  Thoy  I.elievo  a  chilfl  that  ilii  s 
yoiin^t  t"  hi'  an  aiioel  wiiieii  ^  h's  to  heaven,  ami  there 
protects  its  relatives,  ami  mi  occasiniis  of  tln'ir  funerals 
hold  fc.stiv.ils  of  orcat  re)iiiciiii{.  The  la^.d  lias  Imii; 
hair,  rarely  any  lie  ml  ;  his  eye  is  lar;;e  ami  lively,  his 
nose  rather  lafoe,  his  cheek  hone  piMiiiineiit,  like  that 
ofthe  Malay.  His  hospit  ility  is  iiiisellish  ami  <li>iii 
teresteil.       Ife   veaerilcs  olil  age       An  oM  man,  when 

!  he  timls  hiinse'f  d  ■,iitiile,  ^J'm-s  an  1  t  iki-s  np  his  cpiar- 
ters  ill  a  nei^ililiuiir's  house.  Their  iiiarriiire  I'lieiiioiiies 
are  cnriou.s.  A  y  ni  :!^  man's  parents  ji  ■  at  ni^lit  to 
tliose  of  the  olij  'cl;  of  his  attention,  where  they  chew 
hctei, drink  wiiie,,inil  the  yoiiii^  man's  in  .tin  r  ]ilesents 

,  the  girl's  niotlier  with  a  dolLir.  This  accepteil,  the 
young  m.'in  enters  on  an  apprenticeship,  like  that  of 
Jacoh    with    Lilian,   of  two.  thn  e,  or   four   ye.irs,  the 

;  fither  of  the  gill  often  pruloii^jing  the  hmidioe  to  an 
iiidelinite  period,  so  as  to  ke 'p  the  suitor's  .serviei-s 
for  iioi.hing.  Soinetimes  the  young  coaple  run  aw.iv, 
liiit   then    the  young   lady   iiiiist    lie   lierM-lf  the   prime 

,  niiiver,  otherwise  the  niarri  i:;e  cannot  he  celeliritcd. 
This  pirtakesof  the  Ar.ih  ciisticns  of  the  I'airlaiehs, 
and    tends   to    prove  the  Mai  ly   ori^rin  of  the  T.igals. 

The  .\jetos  or  Negritos  are  a  siv  i^e  people — .-jiid  to 
he  the  true  a'lorigines  of  tin-  I'h.lippiins  — ihey  at  one 
time  ruled  the  Lsic  of  Luzon,  and  c  iiii|i<-llci|  the  Tagals 
to  pay  them  a  tri  uite  of  »>  many  hiiniaii  heads, 
which  they  cut  oH'aiid  cirried  a  v.iy  lortlnir  liarliarmis 
fca-ts.  These  A  jetos  reseiiilile  in  iliisivs  more  than  hiiiii  ni 
lieiii,'s.  K\i'ii  their  voices  a-siuiilate  to  the  jililieriii;;s 
and  cliatteiiiigs  of  t!iis  aiiiiii  d,  .a. id  t'nir  gc-tures  are 
111  mkcy  like  all  over;  their  s  de  superi  uity  eon-ists  in 
knowing  how  toli^ht  a  tire,  an  1  to  n>e  the  Imw  and 
1  nice.      Their  c  li.nir  is  tlie  e'.oay  lilack  of  the  African 

asivrtain  ',iw  many  Christiaiis  the  m  Miser  had  devoiinil.  Kverv 
time,  lie  sanl,  that  a  e  lyman  eats  a  (.'liri-tian,  he  swall  i«s  a  lar^re 
)ielible  :  thus  the  iiiihiIht  of  the  |ii'hhhs  we  should  lliid  in  him 
wonld  poiiiively  indiate  the  iitinilhT  if  the  faitiifiil  to  whom 
his  etinrmoiH  stomaeh  had  atl'T.iisl  s.'pultnre.  To  sat>lV  everv 
b  111  V  I  sent  lor  an  axe  wiienwilh  to  cut  .itf  t  le  lietid,  which  I 
reservnl  for  inysilf,  ahindoniii:.'  the  rest  of  the  careiss  to  aU 
who  bail  taken  pirl  In  the  captiin-.  It  w.is  no  easv  matter 
to  decapitite  the  monster.  Tiie  axe  harie  i  its  If  in  ihe  tlesli  lo 
halfway  nptlie  handle  without  reaeiiintr  the  Unns;  at  last,  af^er 
many  i  loits,  we  snecirdeil  in  ::ettin-.r  the  bi-;id  otT.  Then  we 
o|H'ned  tie  stomaeh,  and  ti>ik  out  of  it.  by  fnniaients.  tlie  iiorse 
which  had  been  d.v  Hired  that  in  rniii,'.  T  .  lymaii  d  us  not 
mastiiate,  lie  cuts  olV  a  hu:re  Innp  wa  a  bis  ea.ir  nous  t.-."h.  and 
liolisi  entire.  Thii- we  f  iiiiid  the  wliole  nfllie  birs  .  dividtsl 
into  o:iiy  seven  or  ei.rlit  pi.  ee>.  Tueu  we  cuiue  lo  aimut  a  Imn- 
dred  and  til'ly  p  mn  I's  vv  i  jiit  of  p.-bbles.  v  iryiiiir  fnnn  the  si/.e  et 
a  list  tl  t  I  it  of  a  vv..  lint.  When  my  I'rieii  1  siw  this  )jr'"'t  heip 
of  stones— "it  is  a  mere  tale"  — ..e  could  ii.it  help  siiyini.',  "  it 
is  iiiip.n>ible  tiiat  this  anini.il  sIhmI  I  li.ive  devoii  isl  6o  (ir^  .t 
a  ihhiiIkt  of  Cliri-tiaiis.  It  vv  is  e  j!it  at  ni^iit  wiieii  we  eoai- 
pleted  the  Cllttiii,' up.  I  li'fr  tll'b.l.  to  .  .iir  a-«ist  iiits  and  ha  1 
Ihe  Ilea  I  placed  inahial,  to  ciinv,.y  it  m  my  <  mis  •.  I  very  minh 
desired  to  preserve  this  in  msiroiis  c.ip.it  as  nearly  as  ]Mi>.ihle  in 
the  st  ite  ill  wiiicli  it  then  wa-,  hnt  tli.iC  vvoiild  have  n^tiuinsl  a 
);reiit  deal  (if  arsenical  so  ip.  and  I  w.is  out  of  that.  >o  I  iii.i.l  • 
up  my  mind  t  i  dis^'ct  it  an  I  pn'st'rve  t  le  skeleton.  I  vveiu'lii.d  it 
lief  ire  deta.'hiiii;  the  li;;aineiits.  its  vvei>rht  was  tour  Icindnsl  and 
thirtv  p.iiinds;  its  li'iiijtli  fro  n  tiie  n  ise  t.>  the  tirst  \eitelira.  live 
bvt  (.ib.iir  tiV''  feet  -ix  inch  -s  Kir^disli  iiii-asiin-i,  I  funiid  all  iiiy 
bullets,  wli'eli  liad  tl.it teiunl  theais«.lvis»  air-iinst  t;.e  imiies  o;  the 
jaws  an  I  pal.ilii  as  they  would  iiave  d.iiie  a.r.iinst  u  pi  ite  of  iron. 
The  Ian  e  thrust  whic'i  hid  slain  the  cav  man  wis  a  chaiin',  a 
sort  ol  miracle.  When  the  Indian  struck  v\ith  bis  iiiaiv  uinui  the 
the  hut  of  the  p-ile,  the  iron  pierced  tlir 'iiirb  the  ii.p'  into  the 
vertebral  colunin,  and  jH'iietra'isi  the  spiml  inirrow.  the  only 
vnlner.ihle  pi  t.  When  this  f  .rinid.ible  liead  was  well  piepared, 
and  the  limes  drieil  and  wliiteniKl.  I  had  Ihe  pUmmiii-  o(  pnxiniii',' 
it  to  iiiv  Irieiid  Uii.Hsell,  wno  h  is  sine  de{»site<l  it  in  the  iiiuteuin 
at  UosliMi. 


THE   ISLANDS  OF  THE   INDIAN   AND   EASTERN   SEAS. 


265 


licjrrii  ;  tliiir  iltinost  statuir  liiinHy  attains  five  fct-t ; 
tlicir  liaii  i-»  Wdully.  ami,  as  tlii'V  iu'Vcr  cut  it,  i,  liiiiiis 
a  straii;;!'  w>rt  "if  lialu  nminl  tln'ir  lii'aiis.  Tln'if  fci 
tiiri'S  iiii'  iii';iri>,  Imt  tlicir  lijis  less  ipniininciit  Their 
Mile  (Ircs-i  is  .1  i^ii'dli-,  ci^lit  >ir  ten  iiiclic's  linnd,  iiiadr 
111'  the  liaik  nC  lii'i's.  Tlii'V  feed  cm  rudts,  liiilt,  uiid 
tlio  lirodiKMj  of  till' cliasc.  A  liaiiiliiio  laiii'i',  a  jial.ii 
wuiid  liuw,  and  |iiiisonrd  iirrows,  are  tlii'ir  \M!.i|ions. 
Tlu-v  iMt  th-ir  nil' it  neirly  viw,  and  livD  in  ^'i-iiii|is  nt' 
niiistiv  tViini  titty  to  sixty  jum-mims.  DiiiImh  t  o  day, 
till'  iild  ]ifii|ili',  tliu  invalids,  ami  tlic  clii  drrn  sit  idiind 
till'  lire,  wliilf  tlic  others  <,'ii  linntin;,' ;  Imt  when  they 
have  eiiiin;ili  IihkI,  they  all  siinat  rimiiil  the  lire  while  it 
lists,  and  at  ni;,dit  sleep — iironiiseiiniisly — in  the  a-he^. 
It  is  extremely  cnriuus,  yet  di>;^iistin;^.  to  see  tliiH 
assenililed  mhiio  lilty  nf  these  hrntes,  iif  all  ai;'es,  and 
all,  more  or  less,  det'ormed.  Tho  old  wiinien  are  cspe- 
liallv  hideous  :  their  deeie|iit  lindis,  their  ]inl  liellies, 
and  their  extraordinary  li  lir.  jiivinv;  tliem  the  a|i|iear- 
anee  of  I'uries  orwitrhes.  They  liavi;  no  reiiL,'ion — only 
regardimj;  the  ehame  roek  or  tho  tree-li'iink  liearinij 
iisemlilaiice  t  i  some  imiinal.  Tlieir  lani,'na','e  has  hut 
few  words  ;  tliiir  ihildren  are  named  from  the  |ilaee 
where  they  were  lioni  They  ha\e  respect  for  old 
a;^e,  and  for  the  dead;  hut  have  no  funeral  leremony, 
plaeinj;  the  coipN..  at  lull  lenglh  in  ii  j^rave,  and 
eoverini;  it  with  earth.  Tiien,  every  day,  they  ]int 
lohaceo  and  lietid  in  it.  and  suspend  omt  it  the  lio.v 
and  arrow  of  the  defunet.  wlioiii  they  believe  to  j;o 
lut  hunting;  every  nij;lit.  Winn  an  Ajeto  sickens 
of  an  ineuralile  malaily,  or  lia.s  been  wounded  with  a 
poisoned  arrow,  his  friends  jdaee  him  in  ;>,  lar;;e  hole, 
liis  arms  crossed  upon  his  liieasl.  and  they  Imry  him 
alive  After  the  death  of  a  friend,  they  rcvciiijc  it  hy 
killiiiH  the  liist  liviiij,'  tiling'  they  meet,  lie  it  man, 
~tair,  or  liurt'.ilo  ;  hut  they  leive  sii;Ms  of  waniinj;  to 
llieir  own  people  to  keep  oil"  tlu'ir  path  Tliey  have 
hut  on«  wife.  'I'liev  are  capital  shioters  with  arnms 
piereini;  tish  in  the  water,  and  can  i-linil)  trees  with  the 
a^ilitv  of  nionkeys.  or  rim  with  the  swiftness  of  deer. 
The  Tinnuianes,  another  race  who  li\o  in  the  iiite 
lior  of  the  province  of  Flows,  are  described  a.s  men  of 
^iiiall  .stature,  sli:;litly  bronzed,  with  stniij^lit  liair, 
ri'ijular  prolihs,  and  acpiiline  nose.s.  Their  women  are 
handsome  and  •;racefiil.  A  girdle,  a  sort  of  tiirbau 
made  of  tig-tree  bark,  is  all  the  dress  of  the  men.  Tiieir 
arms  are  a  lonu'  lance,  a  small  liatehet,  and  a  buckler. 
The  women,  also,  wi'ar  ii  girdle,  hut  have,  in  addition, 
a  verv  narrow  apron,  dc-icending  to  their  knees.  I'lieir 
hair  isadornc.l  with  ln-ads.  gold,  and  eoral  ;  the  upper 
jiart  of  their  hands  is  painted  blue;  upon  their  wrists 
are  bracelets  woven  and  orii  imeiiteil  with  glass  beads  ; 
these  bracelets  reach  up  to  the  elbow,  forming  a  .sort 
of  sleeve  to  the  fore  arm,  which  they  strangely  com- 
pre.s.s.  They  are  put  on  in  early  youth,  and  prevent 
the  expansion  of  the  arm,  auginenting,  at  the  same 
time,  the  size  of  the  wrist  and  hand,  which  swell  and 
become  horribly  large,  a  fa.shionable  deformity,  like 
the  female  foot  in  Cliiiia  and  the  English  wai.st  in 
[•'••ope.  Every  family  has  two  dwellings,  one  for  daj'. 
the  other  for  night ;  the  first  a  hut,  the  latter  a  small 
cabin  [M-rclied  on  ]i<ists  or  on  the  top  of  a  tree  ai.xty  or 
eightv  IW-t  from  the  gi^oiiiid.  This  is  a  precaution 
against  the  (luinanes,  a  savage  tribe,  with  whom  they 
are  at  mortal  feud.  Thev  are  saiil  to  i  riisli  tho  skulls 
of  their  cajitured  enemies,  and  mix  their  brains  with 
I'aiie  juice,  which  hellish  ])otion  they  ipiatr  amidst 
great    rev  i'lling.     They  bury  their  dead   iu  huge  wells 


I  or   excavations,    having    previously    dried    the    bodiiii 
!  into    mumiiiics.      Tliey   h.ive    gods   mt    lihitiiin,   or    b_\ 
j  accident  —  a  ro.  k  or  tree  of  remarkable  shape,  litaring 
tile   semblance  of  some   beast,  dog,  cow,  or  biilfalo—  is 
considered  a  superior  being.       Kound  this   they   collect 
pnivisions  and    bring  pigs.      Then   they  erect  a    straw 
roof  over   the    iciol,  light   huge   liics,  roast    their  Jiigs, 
and  d.ince  ;   lastly,  they  .set  lire  to  the  .straw  roof,  burn 
the  idol,  and  si  ends  the  jollilication  and  the  worship. 
The  Tingiiian  has  om?   lawful  wife,  and   several  concu- 
bines ;     but    the    wife    alone    inhabits    lier    liusi  ami's 
lioiisi- ;   the  women    have  each  a  .-(  paiate  cabin.      The 
eldest  man  is  chief;   their  laws  arc  traditional.      Their 
wealth    consists     in    porcelain     \ascs.        These    people 
appear  to  be  of  Japanese  descent,  thrown  on  the  coast 
by  \  i.ileiit  north  winds.     The  Igoiotles,  imotlicr  native 
:  race,  are    similarly   attired   with    the    Tiiiguiaiics,  but 
i  are     shorter     men,     with     excessively     large     chests, 
long     bcard.s,     well  developed     limbs,    and     herculean 
sli^ciii,'lli  ;    the   nose    is    less   anuiliiie,    tin  ir   colour  (.{ 
'  a   deep    bronze.        iniil       tiieir      e\is   yellow,    aial    of 
Chinese    cut.      They  are   .^^aid   to   be   eaters  of  human 
tle.sii,    whirli    they    cook    and    st(W     in    divers    ]alat- 

ablo     forms.        These     ] pie      ali'      regarded     as     lie- 

'  sceiided  from  refuitecs  of  the  great  naval  i  ncniy  of 
the  (,'liinese,  Lima-On.  who,  alter  attacking  ^Manilla, 
on  the  3Uth  of  November,  I."i7t,  took  refuue  ni  the 
province  of  Pamgasinam,  in  the  (iiilf  of  l.erigayaii, 
where  he  was  a  second  time  dclcaliil.  and  his  llct 
entirely  ilcstnncd  ;  a  jiart  of  the  crew  esta|ed  iiiti 
the  iiiouiitains  of  I'anyasiiiam,  where  the  Jspmiiards 
could  not  follow  them,  'lie  Igi  rotte  has  longhair, 
Chinese  eyes,  the  nose  lallc  r  lialtciiid,  the  lij's  thick, 
the  check  bones  |ironiiiient,  lar,;e  shoulders,  and 
strong  limbs,  is  of  a  dark  c«ip|ier  colour,  and  res<  nibles 
the  Chinese  of  he  .soutlieiii  provinces  <  '  the  Celestial 
Empire. 

Of  the  niainier  in  which  many  of  ihi  e  races  are 
wafted  from  far  distances  to  the  v,.rious  islimds  of  the 
Eastern  Archipelago,  and  even  to  the  shores  of  the 
eoMtinents,  a  remarkable  instance  is  recorded  by  Com- 
modore I'erry.' 

» )n  the  morning  of  the  ."ith  of  August,  l.'-.'):l,  in  aboui, 
:  latitude  ISO"  4ti' N.,  hmgitude  ll' 4  '  K..  in  tie  store  ship 
.Siinlliiiiii/ilim.  l.ieuten^iTit  Commander  Jioylc  was  steer- 
ing S.W.  bv  W.,  the  wind  blowing  from  the  iioithward 
and  westward  a  fresh  top  gallant  breeze,  with  i  onsider 
able  swell,  when  a  boat  was  discovered  to  wnidward. 
The  ship  was  h  ive  to,  and  presently  succeeded  in  getting 
the  boat  and  its  contents  on  board  When  lioisted  in 
and  measured,  the  craft  was  found  to  be  tweUc  feet 
loiii;,  four  wide,  and  seventeen  ii dies  deep,  tin  board 
of  the  lio.it,  when  the  ship  thus  picked  her  uji,  were  si.x 
males,  four  of  whom  were  adults,  and  two  wen- boy.s, 
the  one  about  ten  and  the  other  fourteen  years  of  age. 
They  were  all  of  healthy  a|ipear.ilice,  of  iniilitnn  .stature, 

of  a  dark  colour,   the  "hair  cut  dose,   not  tatt d,  and 

did  not  appear  to  be  much  exhausted  Cajilain  Jioyle 
supiiosed,  from  their  a|ipearaiicc,  that  they  might  have 
been  adrift.  They  had  in  the  Imat  about  two  or  thrive 
dozen  of  India  corn  (maize),  a  few  sweet  potatoes,  some 
]ireparcii  betel  nut.s,  a  cask,  two  gongs,  a  fishing  net, 
an  iixe,  a  small  piece  of  grass  cloth  as  a  .-ail,  and  a 
coloured  piece,  supjiosed  to  be  a  Hag.  Of  water  they 
had  none;   but  from  the  fiei|uent  showers  encountered 

1  Kxpcditiuii  to.Inimii  in  1S5'2,  l>s;.;i,  mi'l  ISot.  by  Coimilo- 
dor.   lVrr\.     New  Y'lrk,  IHJtj. 


n 


iii  I 


■  i  '■ 


lA' 


^  ^W'M*^* 


AnAlK  UN  A   MRlllSll  WAR  MIAMI  K   liV    IllK  NATIVES  Ol-    ANHAMAN. 


A  NAT1V1-;  Ol-    THE  ANDAMAN    ISLANDS. 


**a» 


KlM.l^    AMiMiR    AM'    KIM.  i. A.N    MuLMAlN- 


THE   ISLANDS  OH  TlIK   INDIAN   AND   KASI'MIlN   SKAS 


•j^nd 


liv   till!  Hlii|i,  ('..|iliiin    I'liivlc  iMiiii'liicli'cl   tlii'V  Iiail    mil 
s\ill'riiM|  iniii'li  liy  llio  want  of  it. 

To  wliil,   |ic'o|ilc  or  iirilioii  tlii'st!  |H'o|ilc  Iic1oiii,'(m1  no 
ono  niuld  tell,  lis  nolioiiy  on  hoiinl  coiilil   unliTst  iml 

tllc'il-  l:ini,'M;mi'.        It  WIS  oli^rrvni,    llmt    till!  Wol-'l    llloHt 
tVi'(|Uiiitly  on  tlii'ir  li|n  was  Sll,  M  llA  lioi).  'I'lii;  iioan^st  j 
liiiiit  to  II113  slii|i  wis('i|pi'  Kii;,'aiio,    tlio  N.K.   ]point  of 
l.iiruiiia,    (llHtaiii'i'il  alioiit    onii    liiinilii'il    niili'S        'I'Ik' 
Italiiiaii   ami    itisliu  (iioiiiis   wiTi'   alioiit  one  liiinili'iil 
ami  finlilv  mill's  ilirrrl  ly  to  wlmlw.iril,   uinl    tin'   liisl 
I'onjrrtnii'   was,   tliat   |iissilily    tliry    niiu'lit    lirlonjf    to 
tlirsi'.      Tlirir  ill'rss  oonsistfil    of    wii|i'-li'Hi,'i'il    tfollscis, 
i'\ti'Miliiii,'   a    litlli!    lii'low    tin:     knri's,    with    a    dark 
cnl.iiirril     1,'owii    rnvi'lo|)ini{    tlii)    wliolu    |)i'rson,    ami 
Mi'iMirnl  aroiinil    tlm   lu'fk   liy  a  iliMwini;  striiiL,' ;  tlnir 
jii'ails  tlii'v  wiMiliI  noini'tiiiii'S  liiiul  armiml  wiiiia  cotton 
liamlki'rcjiii'f,  al'ti'r  a  litsliion   nut  iinliki!  tliat  usiMJIiy 
tlio  Marks  uf  tin'  soiiI'iitu  statt'S  of  Aini'ricii.      Tlio  lyli  , 
8r('inini,'ly  nut  niurli  I'xliaiisti'd  wliiMi   tln'V  wn-i;  taken  ' 
on  lioar  I  the  ship,  yet  tliey  eviiliMitly  experienceil  >,'reat 
ilillieiilty  ill  w.ilkiiij,',  from  their  lonj;  eoiilinement   in  a 
eram|ieil  |iosition.    Sleep,  with  a  suitalile  diet,  however, 
soon  resloieil  them  to  their  usual  eondition. 

\S'liru  tlio  .ship  came   iieai',  and   pissed   thro!i!:;h  the 
jjioiip  just  liaiiied,    the   eouini  mder  w.iteiied   elosely  to 
oS.serve  if  tliev  s!iowed  any  marks  of  reL'o;,'nition.  'I'heir 
alleiilion  was  called  to  tlieiii  hy  sii,'iis,  and  they  seeme  I 
to  understand  the  pantomimic   impiiry,   for  they  iiiva-  | 
ri.ililv  shook  their  heads  as  if  to  imply  tliat  their  homi!  • 
was   not   there,   and    pointiiii;   tow.irls    the   eastward, 
said  ".Sil  li-li.ilioo."  Soon  afti'r  the  ship  arrived  at  tJoni- 
Niiij,'-mooii,  in  (Jhiiri,  and  here^ri.'at  pains  were  taken  to  | 
discover,    if    possilile,   where    these    poor    adveiitiirei's 
lielonjjed.     There  were   many  ships   lyiu','   there,    and 
the  commodore  directed  that  dili;iciit  .smrch  .should  hu  ' 
ni  idc  anion:;  the  n   all,    in    the  hopes   that   perchancu 
some  one  mi^lit  he  fmnd  who  could  communicate  with 
them.     Tliev  were  visited   l>y  many  from   the    various 
vessels,  and  from  their   limidity  they   fell   first    umh'r 
the  suspicion  that  they  were  anxious  to  ri'inain   un- 
known ;    Imt  (.'aptain    I!  lylo   hecimu  (piite   convince  I 
that  tlieir  shyness  an  1   rc|)Uj,'naiico  to    leave   the   ship 
jiiocceded  from  fear  almie.       Tliey  were  taken  on  hoard 
each  of  the  tr.idiii'.;  ships  at  <  'om  siin;-moon,  and  out  of 
the  numerous  toii'^ues  spoken  on  hoard,  not  one  was 
found  like  tint  spoken  liy  these  men.      At  leii'^tli  they 
littered  sniii,'  words  when   on  the  di'ck  of  the  Kni;lisli 
ship  /loiii  ((//,  which  Captain  •ramieson,  the  conimander, 
llioii;,dit  he  recoj^nised  as  helon^ini;  to  the  lani;iia;;e  of 
the  natives  of  the  Jicntiii'k  Isles;   Imt  perceiving;  tii  it  I 
their  words  were    altractiiij;  notice,   they   made   tli  ir 
usual  silaim,  and  uttcrin:;  SU-li  ba-ljuu,  after  A-arils  held 
their  peace. 

There  is  an  island  c.illeil  hy  ill  it  n  ime,  and  mcntioneil 
hy  lioi'sliurj;  as  h'iii^  in  lat  t  1  U;  -t"  N.,  loni;ituli; 
127"  K.  ;  hut  this  is  so  remote  fr.im  the  spot  tliey  were 
picked  lip,  some  twelvj  or  tifti-eii  hiin  Ircd  miles,  that 
('apt.iin  ISoyle  could  not  suppose  it  |io^.-,il)le  they  had 
drifie  I  such  a  distance.  The  wind  hid,  indeed,  for 
several  days  heen  sti'oiii;  t'roiii  the  southward  and  ea.st- 
ward,  just  hefore  the  hoatwas  .seen,  tlioiii;h  at  the  time 
tlicv  were  picked  up  it  wis  from  the  northward  and 
westward.  Notwithstaiidinj;  this,  however,  it  seemed 
most  improtiahle  that  in  their  frail  craft  they  eould 
have  floated  so  luany  miles.  Captain  Jamieson  and 
his  ci'cw  interested  themselves  for  these  poor  creature.s, 
iind  perseverance  in  their  elforts  to  communicate  with 
them   hy  nieans  of  the  slight  vocabulary  they  had  ac- 


ipiired  in  their  voya),'in','s,  and  alllioiiL;li  such  Momniii- 
nicitioiis  Were  very   imperfect,   of   lonrse,   yi  I   it  was 

plain  some  \»ords  wcr,;  underst I,  ami  the  nnfoil  uii.ile 

men  were  e\  idem  ly  piea.x'd,  and  sought  oppiii-tninlies  of 
niin,'liiii;  with  those  who  could  comprehend  anv  portion, 
however  small,  of  their  lani;uaL;e.  With  tln-M'  imperfect 
niein.sof  kn.iwh  d:;e,  the  hest  iiccnnt  Captain  .laiiiicioii 
eoiild  (gather  from  them  was,  tli.it  they  did  come  from 
Sil  II  h,i  hoo,  distant  as  it  was;  that  they  hadlelt  the  land 
i  .  their  hoat  with  some  artiiles  of  fond  f.ir  a  ve.--sel  in  the 
olllni;,  net  a  fioh  hreeze  that  carried  them  out  into 
the  .sea,  and,  hy  its  continuance,  prevented  tin'ir  return 
to  land,  and  tli  it  they  had  hiiii  in  the  hoat  litteeii  days 
when  till!  •Siiiit/iiiiH/i.'iin  ]iickeil  them  up.  liy  direction 
of  the  (yoinni  idnie,  two  Mir;,'cons  of  the  sipiadron  inailu 
a  minute  examin.ition  of  these  Sil  li  ha  huos,  and  re- 
Jiorte  1  ill  sulistaiice  as  follows  ; — 

"The  Sil  li-ha  hoos  are  of  a  niediuin  iieiijht,  iiliU 
well  sot,  with  nioilerate  innKcnlar  development;  and, 
though  |iossessed  uf  ^(leiit  .streiioth,  are  active  in  inove- 
iii'iit.  Destitute  of  the  fatty  ti.s>iii'  heneath  the  skin 
which  ileiierally  ^'ives  roniidress  mid  fulness  to  the 
form  of  the  northern  races,  the  Sil  li  hal.oos  liavc,  from 
this  deliciency,  a  sharp  and  anj;iilar  contour,  that  de- 
prives them  of  all  claim  to  phy.--ical  heanty.  Tlieir 
fe.itiires  have  the  irieoular  ixpres-ion  ot  tin'  neeio, 
tlioui;h  their  colour  re.M'niMes  thatof  the  uinlatto.  Their 
lie.i'ls  arc  laroi'  niid  round,  with  a  larye  dispropor- 
tionate development  uf  the  j.oslerior  )iart  of  the  skull; 
their  faces  are  rude,  and  their  loieln  ails  moderately 
hij;h,  their  i'\r:i  dark  hiit  not  very  hrilliant  or  intclli 
j^elit,  and  their  chins  hmad  and  ina.-sive  ;  their  noses aie 
\i>i>H  and  tiat,  and  their  lips  thick  ami  pidniineiit,  and 
their  laiife  mouths  di.-play  strong  made  tiilli,  wliii'h, 
however,  are  generally  liliicki.--li  from  the  use  orthehetel 
nut.  The  skin  is  .-.niootli,  with  a  small  supply  of  liliick, 
coarse  hair,  where  it  is  usually  found,  except  on  tho 
head  ;  there,  it  is  grown  inofii.sely  and  straight,  hut 
is  Worn  short.  'J'heir  linihs  are  lithe,  their  hands  and 
feet  small  ;  their  language  is  .soft,  and  agreealile  to  the 
ear,  hut  though  it  is  ^nppo.-.ed  to  he  a  deiivation  from 
the  Malayan,  it  is  not  intelhgiMe  to  those  on  hoard 
familiar  with  the  ordinary  dialect  of  the  Malays. 
They  are,  however,  lielieviil  to  he  of  Malay  origin, 
niiich  niodilied  hy  the  ell'ect  ot  climate  and  accidental 
caiisis.  The  intelligence  of  tin  Sil  li  ha  huos  is  .■«>  far 
liliiiited,  as  to  place  them  within  the  category  i>\'  the 
s.ivMge  races,  to  which,  in  liahits  and  .social  character, 
they  are  clo.sely  allied." 

Coinniodore  I'erry  dispatched  Meivihui,  an  U.S. 
Iri:;ate,  under  Captain  A  hhot,  to  W'aiiiku,  with  these 
wanderers  tr.aii  Sil  II  h.i.liou  to  the  (jovcinov  (icneral  of 
the  l'hilili|iiiies,  tli.it  they  might  lie  protected  and 
s'lit  lioiiie.  We  may  indulge  the  1io|k'  that  they 
have  liually  re  iched  their  native  island,  there  to 
tell  to  their  Wondering  countrynieii  the  story  of 
their  providential  pie.si'rvation  and  marvellous  adven- 
tures. ' 

After  ipiitting  the  island  uf  Luzon,  the  Xovara 
touched  on  the  coa.^ts  of  China,  whence  she  ]irocceded 
to  New  Zealand,  to  Tahiti,  Valparaiso,  Lima,  the  Falk- 
land Islands,  Monte  Video,  Ihieiios  .\yres,  callingtiually 
at  Jji^ihoii  betoro  returning  to  'J'rieste. 


'  Tlnre  is  a  Silli'liMii,  K.  Iciir,'.  101,  S.  lat.  4,  it  ixirt-towii  ul 
till'  Wi'slcrii  coH.st  ot  till)  Ishia.l  ot  S>u  ii.iti-.i,  m  l.tll,  wmtli  ol 
ijL'iicoulca. 


I    .  t     I 

ill   I 


il! 


UP  AND  DOWN  THE  AMOOR, 

WITH  SCENES  IN  CKNTRAL  ASIA,  TARTARY,  AND  SIBERIA. 


t— THE  COUNTRY  OP  THE  KAr.KAR 

OvFi'.  till'  ninniitains,  n»  yon  go  t'nmi  Muscow,  hikI 
to  tlu  ii>;lit  of  likiilMk.  tlu'  cnfiitul  nC  Silicriu,  lirH  tho 
(iiiiitiy  ol'  KalkiiM,  tliu  (tolii  or  Orciit  |)i'mrt  ol'  'rm-tjiiv, 
tlie  Btcppos  or  nioutitaiii-pliiiiis  of  iMi>iii.'nli,'i,  iml  tlnii 
China.  This  centre  count IV,  KiilkasiiiiKi  .Mnii;;i. [in.  tin- 
storehouse  of  conqiK'riiiL!  Iiiilioiis,  tin-  liivi-  wlicino 
issued  Gciijjhis  Klian  ami  his  vast  lionlis,  li;is  liri'ii, 
up  to  tlio  last  few  years,  utterly  nnkiiowii  to  Kuro- 
puans.  Heceutly,  liowevrr,  a  fivrni  ]\<i\\l  lias  l«'eii 
thrown  oti  this  dark  )>ortion  of  the  worM's  i,'reat  map 
by  Mr.  Thomas  William  Atkiiisnii,'  \vli<i-i'  travels  in 
l)rientiil  ami  Western  Silieria,  ami  the  nii-rative  of 
whose  Seviii  Ye.irs'  Explonitimis  ami  Ailvintures  in 
Sibt-ria,  Moni;nlia,  the  Kiryhis  Steppes,  Cliiiiese  Tar- 
tary,  and  Part  of  Central  Asia,  contain  matter  of  a 
very  hif^h  interest,  especially  when  it  is  considered  that 
the  scene  of  these  explorations  is  now  laid  open  to 
Itussia  from  the  Pacific,  by  the  concessjou  ,.f  the  Amoor 
to  hei  liy  the  Chinese  in  IS.'it.  Mr.  Atkinson',*  tnivels 
embrace,  in  the  lirst  instance,  a  wide  Held,  extendinj; 
from  Kokhaii  on  the  west,  to  the  easti'iii  end  of  the 
ISaikal  Lake  (into  which  the  Amoor  Hiver  run-),  and  as 
tar  south  as  the  Chinese  town  of  Takiiisi.  iinluding 
that  imnu'tise  chain,  Syan-shan,  tin'  hi;;hest  in  Ci'nfial 
Asia,  never  before  seen  by  any  European;  as  well  as 
a  large  |iortioii  of  the  western  part  of  the  Ciobi  (a 
sandy  desert  in  Mongolia),  over  which  (tenghis  Khan 
inarched  his  wild  liordes  to  the  West — scenes  on  which 
no  pencil  ha.s  previously  been  employed,  i-omprisiiig  a 
di.stauce  traversed  in  extent  lil'.dlKI  versts  (each  not 
quite  two-thirds  of  a  mile)  in  eaiiia','es,  7,1<'0  in  boats, 
and  L'(),300  on  horseba<k  — in  all  .")D,KII)  versts  (:ibout 
3l*,.i0()  niile.s)  in  the  coiu'se  of  seven  year.s.  Jjcaving 
Irkutsk,  ami  crossing  the  mountain  ran^'e,  Mr.  Atkni- 
son  thus  describes  his  first  vi^it  to  the  Kalkas  Sultans, 
or  Chiefs  of  the  Pasttire  Tartars,  who  live  like  Arab- 
ians, with  their  hundreds  of  camels  and  horses,  ami  j 
count  their  sheep  and  cattle  by  thousands,  as  living 
them.selves  in  tents,  they  lead  their  flocks  and  lu-rds 
across  the  plains,  .seeking  the  mount.iin  ndges  in  sinn- 
mer  and  the  greeu  meadows  in  winter. 

His  wanderings,  he  relates,  led  him  to  the  Gobi, 
who.se  vast  steppes,  siindy  de.seits,  and  hii;li  mountain- 
chains  give  a  peculiar  character  to  the  regiiui  in 
question.  The  traveller  who  attempts  to  force  his 
way  into  a  land  ubotinding  with  such  striking  .sceiu'i-y 
niu.st  be  prepared  for  many  ililliculties  and  ■  une  risks 
Perhaps,  bc^fore  his  visit,  these  .scenes  were  lu'ver  looked 
upon  by  Kuropean  eye,  nor  I'ver  skitched  by  pencil. 
lie  who  follows  his  track  will  find  that  his  rifle  is 
required  for  more  purposes  than  obtaining  a  tlinner. 
His  courage  and  deteriniiiatiori  will  be  tested  by  men 
wlio  seldom  show  fear,  aiei  are  ever  on  the  alert.  It  is 
only  by  a  steady  hand,  a  quii'k  eye,  and  skill  with  his 
wea])oii,  that  he  can  remain  safe  from  acts  of  violence. 


'  Orient;)' ami  Western  .'^ilieri.i:  a  Narrative  nf  Seven  Years' 
Kxplor.itinns  and  Adventures  fVi  .Silieria.  Miiii.nh.i.  the  l\ir_'tiis 
Steppes.  Chinese  'i'artury,  aud   I'art  uf  Ccutral  Asia.     Ilursi 

■.1.1    I'.l.Tl.ett,    IS.'JS. 


Plunder  is  the  common  trade;  and  what  is  still  mora, 
the  traveller,  if  not  murdered,  is  carried  off  into  certain 

slavery. 

.Ml.  Atkinson's  party  consisted  of  three  Cossacks, 
bravt!  and  honest  fellows,  who  would  have  dared  any 
danger.  I^ong  tnay  they  live,  and  l>e  happy  on  their 
laml  near  Kurt-Chum!  To  thes'>  wen-  added  seven 
KalnuK'ks,  four  of  them  strong  sturdy  huntem,  and  all 
neeustoraed  to  a  hard  monntaiu  lite.  I'owilerand  lead 
he  had  a  sutlieient  store,  and  they  luusteied  eight  rifles. 
These  Kalinueks  had  their  hair  cut  close,  exci'pt  a  tuft 
growing  on  the  top  of  the  head,  plaited  into  a  long  tail, 
\\  liicli  hungfardown  their  back, and  gave  theina  Chinese 
a|>|'earain'e.  They  may,  in  fact,  be  considered  Chinese 
subjeets;  but,  nntortnnately  for  them,  Hus.sia  compels 
them  to  pay  a  tax  also.  The  chief  of  the  little  band 
of  KalmiK^ks  was  named  Tehui'k  a-boi,  ami  was  a  vi-ry 
strong  and  powerful  fidlow.  with  a  beautiful  manly 
counti'iiance,  a  fine  massive  forehead,  and  largo  black 
eyes.  He  was  dressecl  in  a  loose  skin  cloak,  fastened 
roun  I  his  wai.st  with  a  broad  red  8carf.  When  the 
Weather  was  warm  his  anus  were  drawn  from  the 
slei  ves,  which  were  then  tucked  into  his  girdle,  and 
the  cloak  hung  round  him  in  lieaiitifiil  folds.  This 
g.ive  fidl  efl'ect  to  liis  lleieulean  figure,  while  his 
manly  bearing  and  gntcetiil  iiiovements  made  him  a 
line  study.  He  was  biaii  to  be  a  chief,  and  his  perfect 
1,'ood  nature  ii'iidered  him  a  most  agreeabl  ■oinpanion. 
He   was   a    faiililul    fellow -tiaveller   tin  many  a 

d.'iy    of   toil    and    hardship,   and  suffer  %eT  and 

thirst  without  a  murmur. 

They  commeiieed  their  wanderings  beyond  the 
Hiver  Naiyni,  and  cro.ssed  the  Kurt-Chum  mountains, 
t.iwards  what  has  been  called  tho  Oreat  .\ltai.  r>ut 
this  chain,  .Mr.  .Ytkinsiui  declares,  can  only  be  found 
on  our  maps  -in  nature  it  dois  not  exist.  Numerous 
oll'-.liools  from  the  Altai  run  down  to  the  de.sert  of 
I'laii-Kum,  in  which  direction  they  turned  their  sti'jis, 
riding  over  many  ii  rugged  ridge  and  eros.-ing  numbers 
of  pictnrescpie  valleys,  threading  their  way  eastward 
towards  Ibsa-Xur.  Mr.  Atkinson  had  two  objects 
in  view  in  this  journey —  to  visit  tho  Tanghu  mountains, 
which  he  had  seen  from  the  Urituka,  and  the  large  lake 
that  receives  so  many  streams,  and  has  no  outlet.s. 
There  are  many  peaks  in  the  Tanghu  chain,  rising  far 
abovi'  the  line  of  iteinal  snow,  ,s(jiiie  more  than  eleven 
thousand  feet  in  height.  Their  riuite  lay  eastwi.rd, 
crossing  the  heads  ot'  several  stream.s,  which  nm  from 
the  Tanghu  iiiountains  into  the  Ub.sa.  The  names  of 
these  rivers  cinild  not  be  a.scertrtined.  as  nom;  of  the 
jK."ople  bad  ever  been  in  this  region  before,  nor  did  they 
meet  a  single  native  to  inform  them.  Ganu'  wius  found 
in  great  alaindance  in  the  higher  region,  and  many  a 
stag  was  boiled  at  the  camp-fires  and  served  up  at  their 
meals.  In  a  few  situations  they  observed  the  liare  poles 
(if  the  conical  Turts  of  the  Kalkas,  indicating  their 
hunting  stitions.  After  riding  twelve  days,  and  en- 
camping lieside  various  torrents  that  run  from  the 
Tanghu  chain,  they  came  upon  a  large  and  rajiid  stream, 
flowing  from  the  north-east  This  could  not  be  cros.se() 
at  the  point  they  struck  upon  it,  and  they  were  com- 


I 


ur  AND  uuwN  nil';  amoou. 


L'«l 


liellcil  tnOHCond  tnwnnls  if'*  sniircp.  I'v  fullimjn^  ilijs 
river  Mr.  Atkinson  WiiM  Inl  tiir  n|i  into  tlio  innniitiiin 
wilils  (if    tin'    'I'an'.'lni,  anil,  iit  li   an-iit  clfvutinh,   lie 

criisinl  tllr  riil^'l'  mill  irnlli'il  M  |illlli'mi,  lli'M  rllililli,' 
tuwai'iU  llir  Miiitli,  oil  wliirii  In-  timinl  tlii'  "  Ziilmlii- 
N'or,"  H  Minimlain  tarn  nl'  ^reat  ili|illi,  Hiirrnniiili'il  liy 
I'||;,'l;i'i1  |iriM'i|iiris  lit"  u'i'aiiiti'       At  tlii<  |ilai'ii  tin- |ilaliMii 

li  IS  snnk,  li'  i\  ill','  |.ii|ii'i.iliiiiliir  pi i|iiri-<  ainiinil.      'I'n 

I  111'  list   till'   iiii-k-i   li:i\i'  till'  n|i|ii':ii'aMi'i'  III'  a  w:ill  ll\i' 

linmll'CiI  I'irt  llri'|i,  »llill'  |iir(l|l'i'>i|lli' ^'I'tllilU  lllnlllltaill.s 

mil  siiiiwy  ]ii';iks  ri>i'  ii|i  in  llii-  (jistaiicc. 

H;i\iiii.',  willi  K'liii  '  ililtiiiill y,  n»i-i-nili'il  mir  nf  tin' 
Mil.  lit.!*,  wliirli  |in~lii'il  itM  lii'.'iil  iiilii  tlic  i'i';;iiin  nf 
Himw  ,  II  lii'anliliil  aii  I  iiiii«t  i'\lrii-ivr  vii'W  |ii'i'-i'nli'il 
ilsi'lt'.  Iniinriiiatily  liemalli.  liy  llii'  riisa-N'Mr;  liir 
III  the  siiiilli  wi'-t,  wan  «r(ii  I'lin  Kiliii  di'siTl,  ainl 
llir  Aral-Niir  ;  In  tlio  wnilli  lay  'rrlia;.'aii 'I'ala,  ami 
(III'  riili^cs  ili'sccinlini;  dnwii  In  tin'  (Jnlii  ;  ainl  In  I  lie 
^outli-i'ast  till-  cri'-t't  nf  till-  Kli:in;,'ai  iinmiilain'*  - 
si'Vi'i'al  jicaks  riiviTi'il  with  miuvv.  'I'liis  was  a  |iri'|i  far 
into  Ct'iilral  A-ia.  and  nMr  a  ri'Liimi  lii'Nfr  luliilil  liy 
any  Kiii'ii|iraii.  A  ilini  ami  misty  laitliiic  nf  !!ii;.'ila- 
I  la  was  Mi'ii  ii>iii'_' aliiivi'  tlic  Oidii.aiiil  tin'  xastdi'scrt 
Iri'lcliud  a«ay  till  Ih-I  in  lia/i'.  ! 

DcsiTiidiii','  fnnii  lliis  liil'ly  |ilaci',  tlii'y  siniudit  a  plan'  ' 
111  I'lii'd  till'  I'Ti'i'iit.  and  liippil)  fniind  niii'  ni'ara  ln'aii- 
liliil  waN'rl'.ill  l^ir,'!'  I'l'iiks  of  lini'  wliilr  iiiarlili,' 
wi'tf  lyiiiLf  111  tliis  tnrnni,  ami  fiiitlii'r  up  tln'  stii'.ini 
wri'r  Mi'V  liiijli  pirripi'TS  i if  this  valiialili'  inali'rial 
iintiiiii  liid  liy  man.  .Mmli  nf  llii>  rmintry  is  i'\ 
inint'lv  ni;,'^'rd  and  wild,  and  .Mr.  VlkiiiMiii  ski'li'licd 
many  in',iniiliil  sii'iies  in  tlir  Tan^jliii  rliain.  It  ismdy 
in  tin'  di'cp  villi'ys  and  ravini's  tliat  iifcs  ai'i'  fmind. 
In  must  parts  the  mmintaiiis  mii'  imii  dr^lilnlr  nf 
>lniili.s  nil  tlicir  sniitlit'rii  fai'i'-  ;  Imt  in  niiiiy  fi'  tlii' 
>li(|iL's  llnri'  is  a  tliick  rarpii  nf  >linit  jiiass,  inti'i'- 
spi'i-si'd  with  a  tiri'at  varii'ty  nf  tlnwrrs  'I'liri'i'  kinds 
nf  iris  wt'i'r  liliiiimiii'i — .i  dfi'p  piirpli'  and  wliitr,  a  rich 
liriiwii  madilrr  and  while,  and  a  \ei-  line  yellnw. 
I,ari!e  lulls  nf  pink  /niiii'ihi  were  "jrnwini; ;  a  deep  reil 
and  a  pale  yellnw  nr  pink  i/iiifJ/ii(<  were  scalier,  d 
over  the  ininililain-sides.  ui^ini;  nnt  a  very  delieinns 
SI  ent. 

'I'hev  eniiliMiied  their  jniirney  nearly  due  i  ast.  ,iml 
in  eleven  dav^  nmre  crn^scd  the  lieiul-waters  of  the 
river  'I'ess.  Knllnwiii';  the  niniinlain-eh.iin  further 
-niilli.  liinii^ht  ihiin  Inwards  the  .smirces  nf  ilie  Selcnij.i 
and  I  >ialiakaii,  where  they  expected  tn  lind  the  Kalkas. 
rill'  Kalmucks  liad  nl'len  met  some  of  those  trihes  on 
the  Tclini  Steppes,  and  lliev  now  e.xpeeted  that  they 
.hoiild  he  Ire.ited  with  iiospil.ility  ;  if  imt.  tin  ir  .irnis 
Would  at  le.ist  cnniniaiid  ropect.  l)iiriii^'  I  liis  lanilile 
I  heir  camp  tire  h.id  Imriit  nn  the  laiiks  nl  many  a 
picliirc-ipie  mniintiin  stream,  which  had  se\cral  times 
supplied  them  with  ri>h  :  Healed  liy  the  Kalmuck  klii\cs. 
Ilnnk  and  line  lishim;  Was  tun  slinv  a  process  willi  these 

I pie  ;    instead,    three     ir   fnnr   men  went  inln    pools. 

ilrivin;;  the  li>h  up  tl'.'  stream,  while  the  other  Kal- 
mucks spi'ared  them  from  the  I'.iiik  ;  and  they  were 
s'lilnni  more  than  h.ilf .in  Imnr  in  |irni|iiciii;{  a  line 
dinner  of  fish. 

After  ]iassing  the  River  Tess.  they  mdi'  alnn.f 
the  foot  of  the  iiiountaiii  - — sonietiines  ovi  r  a  sandy 
plain,  whiell  often  roliipeHed  them  to  ascend  liiirher 
to  ohtaiii  grass  for  their  horses  and  secure  game  for 
themselves. 

In  niie  of  these  ramhle^  .ill'  la  dinner,  Mr.  .\  ikin-nn 
caiuo  upon  the   suiall  ai  d   picture.sijue  lake  ul   Ikiuyiili, 


which  lies  in  ihe  inoiintains  t'l  the  iini.li  nf  ."sm  yliin- 
dalai,  iind  is  held  in  gi'i'i'  veneration  hy  the  Kalkan, 
They  have  ereeted  ii  sliiidl  wooden  ti'inple  on  the  shnre, 
and  here  they  enini'  In  saerillce  -  olli'riiii;  up  milk. 
Iiiitter,  and  the  fiit  of  the  aiiiniaU  which  tiny  hiini 
"11  the  little  iiltiifs.  Tin-  i.irge  rock  in  the  lake  is  with 
iliein  a  s.icred  stone,  on  which  .some  rinle  lignrcH  are 
llaced  ;  an  I  on  the  hank  opposite  tlie\  place  inds  with 
-mall  silk  lliigs,  h;i\iiig  in-ciiptimis  painted  nn  them. 
Some  of  the  snowy  peaks  of  the  Tanghil  moiiiitailis  ani 
seen  from  tins  spot.  In  eit,dit  d  lys  they  reached  San 
uliili  dalai.  a  licaillifill  lake,  almilt  lifleeii  Versl.s  in 
IcnLtili,  varying  fmin  fmir  to  si.x  in  lireadth. 

Here  lliey  encamped  for  two  days,  tn  rest  Ihiir 
hi'i'ses,  Mild  alliird  .Mr.  .\tkiiisiin  time  to  sketch  the 
Mi'iiery.  'I'hey  were  now  Me.ir  the  snlll  ce  nf  the  .'<elelii,M, 
and  had  not  yet  met  with  a  Kalkas.  Ila\  ilig  aecoiii 
plisliid  his  oiiiect  ill  visiting  this  lake,  tlii'V  left  it  mi 
.1  \ei\  iMin\  morning,  iind  turned  to  the  westward, 
intending  tn  re  nil  the  l!i\<r  Tess,  almut  tnidway  lie- 
tWeell  its  .sniin  e  Mini  I'hsa  Nllf.  The  Kalmucks  liegall 
In  fear  they  shniild  find  no  penph'  al  all  cm  nts.  they 
ihiiiilil  iin-s  11  caravan  track  mi  tlieir  iniil  •.  and  might 
lull  in  wiih  Hiiine  of  the  tidies. 

They  had  sever.il  days  of  drenchiiig  riin.  which 
reinlcred  the  ji  uriiey  liisanreealile,  and  the  cniinlry 
e.\tri  mely  nniiiteresl  iiig.  The  Tanyhii  inniinl.iins  wen- 
nlisi  nrcd  iiy  a  dense  fog,  ami  their  lnili.'iiig>  were  mi  tin 
Wet  giniind,  tlieir  saddlei  lnthn  fnnnini,'  Imll;  heds  ami 
shelter.  In  the  small  ra\ines  were  loiind  a  few  Inislns, 
H  llicil  eli.ililed  them  to  III. ike  lire  for  t  heir  cnni,  ing  and 
teakillle:  unl  w  it  hstandiii.' I  In  ir  li.inNhips,  n<a  a  man 
of  tie    lull'   hand    miirmiiied   at    his  lot       l.ale  in  the 

afteri n  of  the  sixthday,  after  Ic.ivingSaii  glon  dalai, 

they  ill -ceiided  into  II  small  valley  co\eri  d  with  rich 
grass,  which  their  horses  appeared  to  lii.k  ii|  nri  with 
delight.  .Many  eainels  were  lieding  near  ihcm,  and 
ihey  cniild  see  M'veral  yiirts  in  the  di-laine  ,i  nmst 
welcome  si^ihl  tn  all.  Aero.ss  the  valle\  they  cmild 
also  discover  a  herd  of  horses  leeding  on  the  gr.issy 
.-Inpes  lieynlnl  the  yiirts,  and  a  lalg"  llmk  nf  .sheep  imt 
far  frnm  thein  They  lurind  their  hnr.se*,  and  lude 
low.irds  the  K.dk.is  dwellings,  and  as  they  approache  I 
tliey  saw  two  men  nioiinl  and  ride  towards  tin  in.  This 
indie,  ted  a  ]ieaei  fill  mission,  and  presently  tiny  ind. 
Tlnre  was  lunch  ciiiiveivalinn  lieiweeii  them  and 
Tchuck  .1  lini.  afler  which  one  of  them  gallnpi  d  hack  to 
his  li  ielnls.  the  oliier  remained  and  till  lowed  w  illi  them 
It  was  not  lung  liefnle  they  Jiercei\ei|  tliiee  other 
Kalkas  riding  to  iiiei  t  and  escort  tliein  to  the  a  ul.  (In 
ii  aching  till'  yiirls  an  elderly  man  took  Imld  nfthe 
reins  of  Mr.  Atkinsnii's  Ini'llc.  ga\e  his  hand  t.i  aid 
liim  in  di.-moniiling,  and  ilnn  lid  the  way  into  his 
dwelling,  in  which  were  two  wonu'ii  and  linir  ehildieii. 

This  was  Alebdiiu,  the  chief  of  the  a  ill.  who  re- 
ceived the  slraiiger.  and  was  now  |ireparini:  to  lie 
hospilalile  hy  handing  him  a  I  nw  I  nf  tea.  t.aKeii  out 
of  a  l.ir.:i'  iron  kettle.  It  was  I. rick  tea  mixed  with 
milk.  linUir,  salt  and  llmir,  which  gave  it  the  appear 
alici'of  thick  soiip,  hut  WMS  not  had.  The  ('o>acks 
ah  1  Kalmncks  were  aKo  supplied  with  this  hever.age. 
While  drinking  this,  Mr  Aikinson  leal  time  to  e.xamine 
Ills  host.  lie  was  a  tall  thin  man,  .somewhere  hetweeu 
liflv  and  sixty  yeaiN  lA'  a','e,  nf  a  daik  I'onipleximi, 
witii  high  eheek-linic's.  and  small  hl.-ick  eyes,  .\  promi 
iieiit  nnse.  ,'inil  a  scmty  luai'l.  lie  was  dressed  in  ii 
Imig  d.'irk  hlne  silk  liai'it.  IciMnucd  acro.ss  his  che^rt, 
with  a  leather  sfirdh:  rniiiid    lii>    Wiii^,t,  fa.stened  with  a 


■^ 


»^ 


^•!i    ^ 


1 


I    ' 


il^  ' 


II 


tjr! 


2«a 


ALL   liOUND  THli    WOULD. 


silver  buokle,  in  which  hung  his  knife,  nint,  and  steel. 
His  cap  was  helmet-shaped,  made  of  black  silk, 
trimmed    with   black   Tclvct,  and   had  two   broad  red 

ribbons  hiiiiging  down  bis  bac'.-.  A  pair  of  high- 
heeled  madder-colonred  boots  cdinplofcd  bi.s  cdstunie. 
One  womam  had  a  red  and  pniu  silk  kalat,  the  other 
a  black  velvet  robe,  and  both  were  tied  round  the 
waist  with  broad  red  sashes.  TIjcy  also  had  similar 
caps  ;  tlii'ir  li;iii'  WiiH  liraidi'il  ami"  hung  over  their 
slioiil.lirs  ill  a  Iniiicli-i'd  small  jilails,  snin.'  iiC  (lu'iii 
oniaiiH'iitc.l  with  cuimI  Imm.Is.    wlii.li  air  lii^'lily  ^allU'd 


by  tlir  .Moiii,'oliail  licautii'H.  Tlii'y  wi>ro  vi'fv  short 
liigU-liffli'il  liuiit.-t  of  red  li'iitlitT,  wliici  pri'vcut  tln'iii 
walkiiijj  with  onsc  and  comfort.  The  childroii  wore 
not  ovci-loadi'il  with  I'lotliing,  but  to  i',im|H'nsato  for 
their  iletieieiK  V,  tliey  had  been  roll'.iiii;  on  the  bank  of 
a  iimdily  jiool,  that  bad  eoveic'd  tin  m  with  a  reddish 
iielire,  wliieli  contrastod  well  with  their  loeks  of  jet 
l.laek  liair. 

The  yiirts  of  these  people  were  icnisirueted  like 
those  ot'  the  Kiri.'liis,  and  eovi'ml  willi  tell,  Imt  tb« 
iiit<'nial  arraiigemouts   were   ilillereiit.     Opposite   thu 


iSKC'irt  .sc 


A  KKALMI  FAIILI  ON    IHi  UPfll 


|!   ';i 


UP   AND  Down  THB  AMOOR. 


26a 


(l(X)rway   a   Hnmll  low   t:il>le  is  Jtlacod,    in    which   stiiml  I  ilitFiciih  to  jjct  (iii(.      'I'hi- nlhi'i-- hail  riiii.iiiiiil  st:niiliii',' 
tlic  ciipin'r  idol  iiiiil  sovfial  small  mi'tal  vasi's.      Iiisoiiu'     mi  the  hank  till  liny  wiTf  larniiil,  aihl  ilini  the    i.'iuil 


ream,   wlii-ri',  at    a    short 


were   "ruins   of  millet,    in    otlnrs    laitUT,     milk,     and  !  "I'ni  (hfiii  t'iniliir  down  tin' st 

On  tho  lift    side    of  the   altar   taldi-  stood  (hi;     di>laii(  c,  anollni-  |ilaii'  was  tnniid.  with  a    lii^ttcr    hank 


lioxcs   «' 


ontaiiiini;    tho    vahiah 


ii'    noar    ih'  ni    tho     to  land  imhpii. 


liait,  and  thc^olhii-    doniuslic;  iiloiisil 


viiniis  lia^,  a 


<»l 


siio     lanif 


'I'lii'  s.iddli'^.  cliilhinL'.  and  lircanns,  wore 
the  heads  ,  •'  I  he   Kahnneks  and  Kaikas. 


wore    8evur:u    pi'.es 


of     wMck     -1    which     the     faiiidy     and  ki|it    <iiiite    dry.      Alt'       landing',    they    \eiy    sunn 


slept. 


(Ii'i'^si'il  ami  I'onlmiu'il  1 1 


\  Bheoi>  liad  liei-1,  killed  snnnaflir  their  aiii\,d,  ami  'I'h.v  Ijad  iml  ijiiMe  far,  when  tliev  snw  a    Inn-  herd  of 


iilreaiiv  c'oiikinji  in  the  iron  cauidiuri  inaiiMlhi'iym 


It.     aiilel. 


This  .seeinul  to  he  tlii^  "icat  atlraetion  to   e\iry  ]i<'rsoii 


.list:, 


li'eihn^'.   not   inure   than   li\i 


hnmlreil    v 


1    yards 


i\<'    of    thi!    parly    icde    tuwiird    the    norll 


in  the  a-nl,  ami  from  whi'i'i:   our  traviller  sat,  he  eouhl     a|i|iarenlly    L'oini;    away    iVi'Mi    them.    hut.    when   at   a 


see  thum   liisy   with   their   lire|iaratioiis   for  the  feast. 


di>l.- 


•y  tiinieiland  spread  thi'inselves  out 


'rini  Ctissaeks  were  also   eiijjaf^ed  liroilin^  a  |"irl  ion   tor     in  a  line  to   head    the   animals   toward   a    heml    in   tin 


id   tak 


ni''   eare 


to   1 


lave    enoii! 


;h    for    hreakfast,    |  river — the\    had  alsolneii  eiaduallv  hemmiiiirthem 


11"  suiioer    wa- 


not    I'alen    in      he  ehiel  >    vnil   ;    men. 


Tl 


le  rilles  w  ■  I  e  now    tiiislmi'j 


and    thi'V   slowlv    closed 


women,  am 


1    I'lnldien,  a-^Minliliii^  ii'  ll 


le   adioinnii;  one      toward  the 


d.  while  ihev   retreated    into   tl 


I  the    failed 


'I'l  hnck-a-hoi    hid    (Aplained      lorined   I 


lo  ea 

lo  onr  host  that    Mr.    .\lkm.-on    inlendcd    (•ro>sii 


V    tlie    recW 


It 


iK'canu'    ev;ili 


nt    that   Ihev 


lid  make  a  iiinIi  to  iia.vs  the  in,  and,  in  a  few  mi  iinti 


])lain  to  tlie  River  Toss,   a:<l  asked  him    to    i;ive   them     the  males  tnrmd  ronnd.  sloo.l  for  a  mniienl.  and  then 


fre^ 


lior.^es  ;    the 


men  and  heasls 


m.i'i   con.sentcd,  pronnsm;. 


I.olh 


,i>h    I. 


■.I>  a    1: 


ii''e  oiienin 


■  el  ween     llii-ir 


mid  1   •  ri'adv  for  llieni  at  daxliLdil  |i 


W 


take  them  to  an  a-nl  not  fi"  out  of  their  track        I'his     hom  sevcial  rilles  ;   two  aril 


lell    snilli-ienllv   near,   tllev    rei-ei\cil 


11"  hi;,di  into  tin 


woujil   lie    tlie   only  one    they    should    find    heforelliev     air.  and  then  lay  i|iii\ciiMi,' on  the  sle|i|ie,  and  the  report 


•d  r 

Knlk 


iwa-.Niir,    am 


1    I'Veii  there  it    was  doiilill'iil    il"     ,,|'  tl 


fri.'hic 


lit    of  the    herd    hack.      .\ 


lid  he  met  with. 


k,   'rehiiek  a  lioi,  a  Kaliiiiirk,  and    our   tiavellei 


A  i|uiet  iiiLtlit  in  the  chii'f's  yiirt,  and   a  hreakfasi  at     had  lired  :   in  a  mi'iru'iit  llie\   wcr i  the    i;rouml. 


if  d.i 


ireiiared  them    lor  a  IoulT  rid<'. 


lie  sun     loaded  li 


Were  readv  and  in   the 


nlille,    mo\ - 


ro.se  lirii;lilly  lieliiiid    tin-    Kliani,'ai    mountain-,   casliii;;     in;,  up.      llil 


their  I0111.J  shadows   o 
the  iilain.      I''aitlil 


loll, 


d  <h 


wn   ll 


111  10  Ills    jiroi.M'^ 


.\relidiili    had  ■  nir     |cl|_ 


I'- 
lad  lired  a 


lie  I  liev  \v 


ire  within  rani;e,  the  other  iiiei 


I   the  held  a--  ihev     rn-lnil    ii.ist,     when    t\ 


men  and  six  teen   I'.n'ses    ready  lor  tin'    journey.      Hi 


ami  aiiol  i'  r  w  a^-  uoiin 


Kal 


liilli'K  am 


Kalk 


led.    which  was    folinwed  liV 
IS,  and  ear'iiired   altera   shai'i 


lar  distant   this  v  as  to    he,  mine   .'1111111  tell  ;   hiil    thcr,->     ,i,l,,       I  n  lliis  hunt,  tlnv  had   ol. lamed    tour   aiiiii 


appeared  11 


.iht  that    ihev 


loiild  have  a  loii;,'   ride. 


Iml 


no  one  coiih 


iliiili    hid    hcen    the    succes^t'ill 


\Vliiii  takiii"  leave  of  his  host,   Mr.  .\lkiiis..|i  pirscnli 


iiii    with   a   sti'oiiL;    hiiiiiii 


-kiiil'e 


hv    lioil:: 


iff 


deliirhted,   and    ..'in  e  strict    injiiiii  t ions    1. 


he    Kaikas  were  in  ec.~lacies,  and  uailopcd  fri 


men  to  conduct   him    safdv  to    the    a  ul    o|    Ins   |ii,n 


,'|ol|p     to     till' 

d 


ilhir  ol    f 


iii.ks,   wl 


Wile  dressiii''  I  he  .'inti 


rk  of 


a  verv  slior 


hort 


Their  rnilte  was  to  the    iiiirlli  west,  iiMi'  an  iindulaliii;,'     ti ;   the    llesli    wiis    then    placed  on    the    pack  lior.se-, 

plain  covered    with    roili;li    ;,'i'ass,     which    alloids    1; 1     wr.ipped    up  with    the  skins,  and  1  licy  ciinlinued   their 


•attle.       .\s  ihev  rode  aloiiij,  the  Kaikas     ri'le.      Tln-ir  unidcs  inlinialcd    th.il   il   was  i 


iieessarv  to 


pasture  lor  tl 

piiiuli'd  out  the  track   leadiiiir  lo  the  town  of  I'lia-ssotai,     push   on,   as    it    w;is    slill    far    to    the  a  ul  :    ;  he    In 


I'l    which,     they  sml,    tlicy    eo 
I  weiityfoiir  hours.      .\t  this  |il 


uld     ride    in     less    th.iii     were  ^ihmI.  and  the  steppe  siiioot  li.  w  hirh  cnalilcd  them 


ICC     llicie    was    ,1    lari,'e     I, 


1,1 


V  lit  troops,  under   a  '  hiiiese    coiiimanihi'. 

Ir 


flldc 


'!'• 


■fl 


icy  were   iiol     join;    in    rcat'liiiii,'    a  .samly 
a    1  oaise    reddish 


pi. nil,    in   .some    p.ii'ts   C"\cicii    w 


these    circumstances,    it     vas    not    considered    dcsiialile    ;;ia\el,  risinji   in 


ilii   ll 


rid- 


ill. 

w I   with  ro.'k.'«  1. 


Ill   appi'oa- 


•h    t: 


)o  iH'ar    til '   tow  1  ;   iiid 


th. 


Kalka.s     war.ls  ill.' iiorlli.    Athic'il 


'llides  olii.'cte.l  to  it. 


tl 


i.'V  s;iw  a  s,i 


t  h.ki 


III  on.'  "I  tl 
ihicl 


sli;;lit  ' 


1  w  liii'li    ii'aiiv  swans  ami 


Dm 


iiriii''  till'   moriiiii",    i'le 


'I'aimhll    moiiiilains    lin.l     humlreils  of  waterfowl  were  swimaiiiiL,' ;    hevoiid  this  a 


1 11    eiiv. 'lolled    in    clouds,    hut. 


tl 


le  sun    rose,    tlie 


sy    steppi 


•apoiir  rolled  oil',   atrordini,'   a   line   view    of  the   I'haiii,     kepi  up  tli.'ii 

(list 


lull 
1 1 


Sibils  ol    aiiv  a  111 


The   Imr- 


r  spceil,   and    made  the  pi 


'Ml  cs    llv  as  ll 


Neeu  .i.'ross  the  pl.iiii  tnim  this  dist.iiiic.  the  niim.rou.'*     went    lA.r    the   i;r.iuii 


i.'in    to   J.io' 


iks  foriii  hcaiilifiil  oliji'.'ts  ;   tli.'ir   wliil.',   sii.iwy   cap.'t     pasinr 


's,   hut  wilhoiil 


1;    this    liriiii'.;lit    tl 

anv  iii.li.aliou  thai  would   "iiid.' 


si  irtins^  mil   from  the  deep  hhie  skv  like    frost.. I  siU.'r. 


Fiv,.  i 


111    to    the   Kalk.is.       I'licv  I 
Ih' 


low  eaiiu'    iii.'iii    another 


lours'  ride  hroii'^'lit  them  upon  a  sl.e^'ii.inl    water-  herd  of  anlelopes  ;   hu!  they  w.'re  imi  distiirhed  :  then' 

coin.'  with   lii','h   reeds   and    liiilriishcs   erowiii','    in    its  w,is  im  time  lo  spend  in  liuiiliii>;,  as  the  siiii  was  siiikini; 

hi'd,  some  two  hiiuilred  paces  hroad,    -I'll  ,'1  wide    spine  l.isl 

of  I'lear  w.ih'r  ill    lliu  mid'lle.      Tl"     K.ilkas    s.'eiiied   a  ll.iviii);    lid.lcn  a  coiisidcralile  .lis.  nice  furlher,  liny 

little  di.scim.'erte.l,  ami,  aft. 'r  a  e.iisiiltali.ui,   tiiriieil  to  ascmleil   nne  ol'  the    rid'.'cs,    from    which    ih.'    'iilka.s 


till'  westward,  aloiii;  tie-  hank.       In  aiiolhi'r  hour,  tliej     poiiiled  mil  what  I  hey  supposed  to  h.'  the  a  id,  \iiy  far 
rea.'hed  a  sjiot    wlier.'    the    f,'iiides   prop.ised    that   they     aw.iy,  on  Ih.'   shmi'   .'f  a  small   lake.      Ti 


IS      MClllCll      t.l 


shoiilil 


tl 


swim    tli.'ir   Horses  om 


r    this    staiiiiant    water,      jjivc  tin' Imrsis  I'r.sh  .ourap',  an. I   tli.'y  went  om  r  hil 
red     and    lale,  for  thev  w.'n- tw.i  or  tlirc.'  lioiiis   ri'lc  fr.iu 


The    tire-arins,    clothiiii;,    and    sk.'lches    weri'     s.'ciired     and    lale,   for  they  w.'i 
a<;aiiist  wet,  and  llieii  the  mii.lc  h.l  the  way,  a  ( '.i.ssa.k      tli.'ir  r.slinj;  plac.      T 


mil  our  trav.'lh'r    follow  ii 


T 


i(>v    were    iiisl.iiillv   111     III!  Ill 


ley  saw  s.'veral  small   lakes,  hut 
Tii'aliiiii  ol'lhc  ItiverT.'ss,  althoueh  ihi'\  had  lii'eli 


diH'ji  water,   wh.'ii  their  horses  struck  mil,  snorlim,' al"l     liavdlini'  towards  tin-  north  wist   .si'\.'ral  days,      Th. 


swiiiimiiiij  with  them  across  ;    lint    the   soft   and   slimy      laii'^'liu 
nature  of  the   opp.isiU*    hank    reudered    it    e.x.'ee.liiigly      ihe    sh 


unlaiiis  appeared   iiiU'li   nearer,   and,  from 


.M. 

ms   of  one    of  the   small    lak.s,  .Mr.   .Vtkiic 


; ' 


ii  I 


i  t 


i(t 


^ 


m 


i  I 


•i  : 


-If 


264 


ALL   ROUND   TlIK   WORLD. 


sketclipil  a  lipaiitit'iil  view.  Wln'lo  iic(Mi|iiiil  liv  tliis,  I  liis  lioisc,  s^'jive  liini  liis  luiiiil  to  ilisTiiouiif,  uiiil  then 
ill!  t])r  party.  »'xcc|it  tw"  < 'cs^jii-k.-i  ami  'rtluuk-a-lMii,  '  .sliowcd  liim  intu  liis  yurt.  A  ciiict  w.is  s|iiiail,  i>ii 
|ir<M"ffili-i|  oiiwanl  ti>  srik  ilir  a  ul.  Tin'  snii  Mink  wliicli  lie  .sat  dcuMi;  wliiii  a  Imwl  ni  tia-si)ii|i  Has 
IicIdw  tliB  iiHHintaiiis  I'l  till'  Mi'st.  ami  ii  yinw  <it' yi'llcnv  |iic.s(iitt'(l  Ici  liini.  to  ntux-  wliirli  wuiild  liaxr  lifcii 
lijjlit  \va.s  lifgiiinin;,' til  spnad  iiviT  tlif  sky.  I'l-csi'iitly  I'X. . .  lin^ly  iiiipnliti'.  llr  wa.s  in  tin-  a-iil  ul'  a  cfle- 
tlie    coliiur   cliaiiu'i'd   to   a    d<f)i   oraiige,    with    criui.siiii     luatrd  Kalka.s.  i  »aiiiia  'I'syivii. 

Till'  clncf  sat  ildwn  in  (mnt  of  tlic  stranger,  iind  tlic 
,  two  young  nicn  wliu  liail  condiu'tcd  iiini  sat  near  liini 
—  tlifv  were  liis  sons.  Jleyond  tlii'.se  sjtt  ten  or  tv\<'lvi' 
otlier  Kalkas,  watcliing  liis  inovcincnts  witli  intiiisc 
interest,  lie  was  iindmditedly  tlie  tirst  Kiiropi'an  llii-v 
liad  eMT  seen.  His  large  tilt  liat  and  slloot  ing  jacket, 
and  long  liools,  will  I.e  relnelidiered  for  years  to  eonie. 
Ni^t  that  lie  thinks  they  ailiiiired  the  eostnine  ;  theirs 
is  tar  more  pietiiresipie.  I'lesi  iitly  a  niimlHrot  women 
eanie  into  the  yanl.  anil  at  their  head  the  vsite  of  the 
chief.      She  sal  down  near  him,  and  w.is  joined   \>y  her 


clouds  stretching  almig  uver  the  inounlaiii  to]is.  .•iiid 
light  rieecy  nia.s.ses  .scattered  upon  the  silvery  gray  ahove 
It  was  a  lovely  .scene,  and  one  (|iiite  common  in  this 
region,  where  no  jiainters  are  fminil  to  eontein|ilate 
these  Wonderful  etlicts,  or  admire  their  heaiity.  lliiving 
finished  his  sketch,  hefullowid  on  the  track  of  his  com 
Jianions,  his  mind  deeply  alisoilied  studying  the  etlect 
of  the  scene  liefore  him.  To  tin-  south,  ,1  fi'w  Iv.-'v  and 
ap]iarently  sandy  ridges  extended  ea.^t  and  west  ;  hivond 
the.-te  Wits  one  vast  unKoumhil  plain,  where  all  the 
arniie."!  of  Kurope  might   he  marshalled,  only  to  appear 


as  a  sjieck  on  that  interniinaMe  waste  :   the  fteppe  over    daughter — the  others  got  )ilaccs  w  here  they  coiild  ;  hut 

which  (Jenghis  Khan   had    marched  his   savage   hordes 

more  than  six  hun<lrid  ye.ii-s  ago.      They,  too,  ]ierhap.s, 

like  him,  had  watched   the   sun   sink   helow  the   nioiiii- 

tains,   thirsting    to   i|uemdi    their  stvage   ajijietites   for 

rapine    :iiid    slaughter    heyond    them,       J'roh.ilily   the 


the  gaze  of  all  was  ujMin  their  visitor.  No  doiilit  it 
would  have  heen  highly  amusing  could  he  have  under- 
stood their  remarks,  as  they  kept  tiji  an  inces.saiit 
talking. 

At    this  moment   a   Co,ssack   brought  his   .soniewar 


numerous   harrows  scattered    so   far   over    these    wide  j  into  the  yard,   and  the.se  j)eople  were   much  astonished 
iilaiijs  contain   the  relics  of  nations  these  men  exter-  I  to  .see  the  steam  jmlling  out,  with    no   lire   under   it. 

(•lie  mall  jilaeed  his  haml  on  the  toji,  and  got  his  linger 
hiirnt,  to  the  great  amusement  of  his  fiiends.  A 
dinner  of  hroiled  venison   was  hrought    in  on  a   bright 


nnnated. 

Nature  has  here  mapped  out  the  eoni|Ueror's  track 
from  his  liirth|i|aie  i.n  the  •  Irion,  to  the  seem  s  of  his 
tiirilile  devastations  mi  his  course  towards  Kurope; 
and  it  w;is  to  the  tra\eller  a  m,it»er  of  deep  ri'gret 
that  he  had  ni>t  the  iiie.ins  if  o|iiiiing 
large  harrow.^  he  found  along  this  route 
iliawing  oil  apace,  and  it  w.i.-  time  lor  tlieiii  to  lie  at 
their  encampment,  hut,  as  yi  t.  they  could  .see  nothing 
to  tell  them  where  they  shuiild  lest  after  a  thirteen 
hiiiirs'  ride.  Not  far  lufoie  Them,  there  was  a  low- 
stony  ridge,  and  as  they  wen*  :iM-ending  this,  three  nun 


tin  ])late  ;  this  and  the  knife  and  (ork  excited  their 
curiosity,  such  articles  being  ipiite  new  to  them.  'J'hev 
line  of  the  watciied  him  eat  his  dinner,  and  nothing  could  induce 
Night  was  them  to  move  till  tlit;  plates  were  taken  awav,  I)arma 
Tsyren  had  ordered  a  sheep  to  be  killed,  which  had 
now  been  some  time  in  the  cauldron.  When  the 
aniioniiceiiient  was  made  that  it  vas  reaily.  lie  was  left 
to  hiniself;  the  whoha-iil,  men,  woini  n.  and  ehildieii. 
Were  shortly  enjoying  the  feast.     It  was  his  turn  to  Ih- 


appeared  oil  its  .summit  ;   they  had  come  to  guide  them     a  looker-on,    but    he    would   not,   lie   ,say.s,    disgust    his 
to  their  trieiid.s.     While  Mr.  Atkinson  had  been  sketch-     readers  by  a  description. 
ing   and    thinking  of  Cieiighis  Khan,  the  ( 'ossaeks  and 
Kalkas  gaM-  up  the  idea  of  reaching  the  a-ul,  .as  nothing 
til  indiiate  its  w  hereabouts  could  be   s«mii       Tlnv    had 


After  this  meal  was  over,  he  ordered  Tchnck-a-boi 
into  till'  \aril,  and  desired  him  to  it^k  tlieir  host  to 
give  him  liorsi  s  for  their  journey  next  inorning.  He 
gave  them  willingly,  sa\ing  all  should  be  ready  at  ilay- 
liu'ht.  lie  was  told  tint  he  wished  to  go  to  the  Kiver 
Tess,  and  was  asked  how  Imig  they  should  be  riding  to 
it.  In  njily,  he  siiiil  it  was  a  day's  journey,  and  that 
it  would  lie  niiicli  better  to  leave  their  hoi.ses  at  his 
a-ul,  and  go  to  the  Tess  with  a  small  party  of  his 
Jieople,  To  this  Mr.  Atkiii.soii  at  once  ayreed,  as  their 
animals  would  be  thuronghly  rested  foi  their  long 
journev,  and  he  ordered  that  two   ( 'ossack.s,    'J'chiicka- 


(iiiiiid  a  nice  little  stream  of  pure  water,  and  iileiity  of 
good  i,'ras,s,  with  bushes  for  a  tire.  We  leaclied  them 
in  about  half  an  hmir,  when  we  found  all  parlies  busy 
with  their  evening  meal  ;  our  traveller  was  sooii  laid 
mit  on  the  gra,ss,  and  hunger  :.'ave  a  line  relish  to  the 
venison  and  tea.  A  Inn  1st  before  they  had  tinished  eat- 
ing, (lav  w, as  gone,  ami  night  covered  ail  :iriiuiiil  them, 
In  a  few  minutes  all  were  asl.  ep 

Tliev  left  their  camp  in  the  morning,  and  continued 
their  ride    in   search  of  the    Kalka.s,    tnivelling  over  a  ,  Imi.  and   K.ilmuek  should  go  with  him,    and   the  other.'* 
barren  plain,  almost  withmit   grass:    in  some  places    it     remain    at    the  a-ul    in   charge   of  the    beasts.      llarni;i 
was  deeji  sand,  in   otlieis-,  sjmd   and  gravel,  which    ren-     Tsyren  gave  him  fmir   Kalkas  and    twelve  horses,  and 
den  d  it  rather  trying  f«  r  the  hm-ses,      .\t  length    they     at  daybreak  they  were  in  their  saddles  and  away, 
n  ,11  lied    some    low    hills,   were   tlnv   found    L'ra.ss,    and; 


good  pastures  extendi  d  over  valleys.  Hour  alter  hour 
pa-sedaway,  riding  over  the  sjime  monotonous coiinliy, 
till  about  two  o'clock,  wln-n,  to  their  great  joy.  they 
saw  oaiiiel.5  and  horses  feedino  in  a  valh'V  imt  l.ir  away. 
1'hey  now  pushed  on,  and  sleiitly  came  in  siyht  ot  the 
a-ul.  I're.sently  two  men  imt  them,  and  conducted 
thein  towards  the  rliiet's  dwilling,  greeting  them  civilly,  1 


II._M(>N«;oLIA. 

Fkom  l>aniia's  a-ul  their  miite  lay  nearly  duo  north, 
over  grassy  undulations  wliiili  gradually  rose  into 
hills,  with  broad  sweeping  \alleys  running  east  and 
west.  This  w lis  n  beautiful  country  for  a  gallop,  and 
the  Kalkas  seemed  inclined  to  try  the  mettle  of  their 
and  one  rode  on  each  side  of  our  traveller,  leading  the  ^  steeds  in  u  chase  after  the  antelopes,  for  many  large 
way  to  the  yurt.s,  which  they  found  on  tlie  bank  of  u  ,  lienis  of  these  were  observed  at  a  <listanee,  but  never 
small  stream,  running'  int. 1  a  hike  at  a  small  distanci'.  within  range  of  their  rifles.  About  midday,  while 
They  rode  U)i  to  a  I.ulo'  iiie  1  elonging  to  the  chief,  who  they  began  to  asi  end  u  high  ridge,  the  view  over  the 
was  waiting  hi--  annal       He  laid  hold  of  the  bridle  of     I'lan-kuiu    I  lesert   s|iiead    to    the    westwurd    an   fur  ua 


DP  AND  DOWN   THE   AMOOR. 


2C5 


the  t've  I'DiiM  roach  ;  many  small  lakes  wen;  also  si^cii 
glitterili;!  in  tlio  sun.  At  mn'  time  oiii-  traveller  i'aiieiod 
lit'  aj\il(l  jierei'ivc  the  Ilka-Aral  Nnr  .--liiiiiiiL;  in  the 
distant  haze  ;  hut  on  aseemliii;,'  higher,  it  jiroveil  to 
l>e  a  ;,'leani  "f  li^'ht  slretehin^j  aeiMsa  the  horizon. 
As  they  neai'eil  tho  toji  they  hail  a  eharniinj^  prospeet 
extending;  thron),'hont  the  eoiintry  they  had  crossed, 
and  till!  iMoMiitain-chains  to  the  south  I'.isl.  '{'he  hlue 
and  |iurple  liaze  now  ipread  over  them,  dcclariiin  that 
they  had  left  them  far  away  in  the  distance.  After 
gazing  lit  this  )iart  of  the  landse.i|ie  for  a  short  time, 
Mr.  Atkinson  tinned  his  liorso  and  rodi,"  to  the  siiinmit  ; 
then  the  Uhsa-Niir  lay  lieforo  him,  with  the  Jti\tM- 
Tess  winding  in  the  valley  heneath.  The  'I'aniihii  or 
Altai  Mountains  were  seen  in  all  their  giiiiideiii-, 
while  the  vast  ste|i|ies  Btretclied  away  to  tln'  west, 
till  plain  and  sky  seemed  united  in  a  misty  tint.  He 
hastened  to  sketch  the  Scene,  so  jiec  iiliar  with  its 
lakes,  moMiitaiiis,  and  Undulating  ]ilaiiis.  Tlie.se  latter  I 
have  a  character  unlike  all  Kiiiopeaii  scenery  ;  and 
must  have  pre>eiited  a  grand  spi'ctaile  when  the  vast 
hosts  of  that  harli.iriaii  coiicpieror,  (Iciigliis  Kh.ii, 
wer«>  marehing  over  them.  They  were  iiowBolitndp-,  i 
possessing  neither  man  nor  his  dwelling,  j 

The  ridgi!  in  wliiidi  hi-  was  standing  was  a  dti'p  red 
grnnite,  in  some  )ilaces  ruggeil  and  hiMkeii  into  singular 
ma.sse.s.  Thick  vc-ins  of  loose  ipiaitz  ero.--se(l  these  rocks 
riiniiing  in  |),ir,illel  lines  for  two  miles  ;  some  jiieees 
of  (jiiarlz  were  seen  transparent  ami  of  a  lieantil'iil 
rose  iMilour.  Several  of  tin:  \eiiis  were  from  nine  to 
twelve  inches  thick,  and  many  not  more  than  three 
inches  wiile.  Having  liiiislied  his  sketch,  they  con- 
tinued tlii'ir  riilo  along  the  crest  of  the  niountain  for 
alio  it  an  hour,  and  then  descended  into  a  narrow  valley, 
lollowing  this  down  towards  the  l>i\i'r  less.  In  alioiil 
twip  hours  they  reached  the  river,  at  a  ]iait  when'  it  is 
a  hroad  and  lapid  streiiii,  runuiiig  hi'twcen  hii^li  rocks, 
with  trees  anil  hushes  growing  from  the  clefls.  'J'liey 
turned  to  the  westward  and  followed  the  river  towards 
tlielake.  N'-.  Atkiii.soii  made  several  hi;,'hly  inlcn  st- 
ing ski'tchi  .s  during  this  day's  ride.  Ou,.  ,if  them 
looking  from  a  cavern  of  large  dinn  M-i'iis  oii  tiie 
Tess,  at  a  little  di.stance  from  where  they  eiicaiiiped,  in 
a  Muall  giM.ssy  valley,  not  fir  from  the  river.  .\ 
(.'os.sack,    Tchucka-hoi,    and  dmiick.   having  hreii 

sent  on  ,a  hunting  expetlitioh,  ,  n.-.l  ilietu  .sooii  alter 
dark,  hiingiiig  a  line  iher  shot  hy  tin-  K.ilnuick  It 
was  not  long  liefon!  tlit>  lire  was  siiiroiiiidcd  h\  small 
sticks  lioiling  venison,  and  when  our  Iravelli  i  '  .\  down 
to  slei'p,  the  cooking  was  still  going  on 

The  Taiighu  Motintains  were  enveloped  in  a  dense 
fog  the  next  morning,  while  on  the  I'lisa  Lake  and  on 
the  steppes  the  sun  shone  liiilliintly.  I'liey  started 
eiwly  towards  the  lake,  an  1  .i  lide  of  little  m.u-e  lli.in 
an  hour  hrought  them  to  its  hanks,  a  few  veists  ti)  the 
southward  of  the  liiver  Ti'ss,  and  which,  at  this   point, 


their  track.  Ahoiit  two  hours  after  noon  they  arrived 
on  the  hanks  of  a  small  lake,  thi;  water  of  which  was 
so  exceeding  hitler  that  the  horses  could  not  touch  it. 
They  could  .see  that  a  small  .1  .eaiii  entered  the  lake 
from  the  soutli  ;  to  this  they  imide  their  way,  and 
ascertained  that  it  was  driiikalile.  As  no  one  could 
tell  if  they  should  find  water  in  the  diiection  they 
were  going,  it  was  deiided  that  they  should  dine  here, 
and  give  the  liia'ses  a  rest.  To  eook  a  dinner  was, 
with  them,  short  wiak  ;  indeed,  <air  traveller  say,*,  he 
has  known  the  men  make  veiii.soii  soup  in  half  an 
hour.  They  cut  tlie  nie.it  into  small  jiicces.  and  the 
nioineut  it  hoils.  eat  it.  A  little  salt  is  thrown  in — 
ve;,'etahles  they  had  none 

They  remained  a'oout  an  hour  and  a  half,  then  con- 
tinued their  journey,  and  shortly  reached  a  sandy 
steppe,  almost  destitute  of  \egetation,  which  ap]jcari  il 
to  e,\ienil  (O  er  a  consideralile  tract  of  country.  The 
Kalkas  proposed  a  sharp  ride,  that  they  might  cross 
this  liarien  ]ilaiii  hefoie  nightfall  ;  and  as  no  one  was 
inclineil  to  delay  the  pidgress,  on  they  Went  at  a  good 
speed,  hopin;r  1,,  (jnd  w.tter  and  jiastiire  belore  night. 
They  lontinued  their  trot,  sometimes  across  sandy 
valleys,  and  then  iimon^'  low  hills  .More  than  two 
hours  had  passed  away,  and  they  were  still  riding  over 
this  ariil  ground.  The  Kalkas,  thinking  ihey  were 
going  too  far  to  tho  south,  jnopo-ed  that  they  should 
turn  in  a  more  easterly  direction  ;  and  .soon  they  got 
into  a  more  undiilaliiig  country,  with  tufts  of  coar.se 
grass,  «hiili  gave  hopes  of  lindiiig  pastnr.iee  'J'lie 
sun  was  sinking  fast,  and  lengthening  tin  ir  shudows 
ovi'r  the  steppe,  when,  on  the  summit  ot  a  hill,  they 
ohseived  a  small  lake  in  the  ne.xt  valley,  with  gieen 
herhage  roiinil  ils  shores,  and  two  small  stieains  run- 
ning into  it.  This  was  a  gratifying  sight—  even  the 
animals  appeai'cil  to  snilf  the  grass  al.ir  oil',  .djil  went 
oil  (piic-kei-  A  little  liefoie  dark  thev  le.iched  the 
lake,  and  found  rich  gra.ss  \\'V  the  luixs  The  water 
was  flesh,  a  few  Imslies  were  got  li>r  a  lire  anil  they 
soon  midi'  themselves  coinfortahle.  While  riding 
aloiii;  till,  i^'i-ass,  sever.il  s.'iipes  Were-  tliishiil,  .Mr. 
.\ikiiisoii.  tlicicfore,  lost  no  time  in  getting  his  doiihle- 
I'li'i'el  ami  amniiinitioii,  and  in  less  than  an  luair 
reluiiied  with  sni|ies  and  micks  sullicieiii  to  li.iin  u 
supper  for  lialt'-a  dozen  ] pie. 

The  latter  were  given  oi  the  ('ossacks;  the  hiids 
and  the  vi  ni-"ii  wii-e  ii  a  short  time  stewing,  and 
seiidiiii,'  up  a  s  1  .  .iiry  smell,  ecpial  lo  any  from  foyer's 
kitchen  It  was  a  heaiilifiil  ni;,dit  ;  i  he  sky  glittering 
with  lir:  lint  stai>.  ami  Hot  a  sound  heard,  save  the 
crackling  "f  the  hii>y  fire,  'J'he  hoi -i>  had  lieeii  .so 
s.-ciireij  that  thev  could  not  slriy  far  iw.iy  ;  all  hands 
were  lying  il"  i,  som.  eviii  a.sleep,  when  suddenly 
they  lii'iiol  liowling  iit  a  di'-tame.  'J'he  Kalmncks 
and  Kalkas  sat  up  iu  an  instant  ;  it  was  a  pack  ot 
woIms   following  their  trick,  and  a  distant    howl  every 


Hat 


A 


uninterestui 


to  tl 


le  iioi'ili, 


till 


d     now  and  then   told  tl 


re  iihrupt,  hut   of 


mo 


more   than 


great  elev.itioii 


Tl 


sl.ir'ed 


II    that  they  were  iippioachiiui 


cled  the  hot 


hundred  \  ei>ts  in 


'til  fi 1    east    to      tllelll   on 


it   hot 


<t,  and  thirty  to  tliirtv   live  iu  width,  wilh  nuiii 


we 

hays   running  in 


hi 


11 V. 


to    tin 


cscrl   on    the   south. 


Aft. 


hiail'   I 


'IliN    an 
Il    hail. 


vveeli     tlieln    am 


rrel 


I   till 


ses,  and  seciiieil 
hey 


d   a   dollhle    ha 
at     the    servi.e 


Loin,    winch    was 


i.f    till 


'se    sagacious 


Hiking  two  skelches,  Mr.  .Mkiiisoii  contiiiiiid  his   ride     .scoiiniln  Is.  should  they  venture   to  eonio  within   reacli, 


.ng  tl 


till  tl 


lev  came  to  a  river  ruiiiiinjr  ititi 


ihicti     the     Kalkas   thoiiLdit    certain. 


till 


iiiimit 


The  lii 


the  lake  from   the  soiilli.      This   was  a  deep  ami  slug-     great  r.ivai;cs  among  their  cattle  fiviiuently. 
gish  streiim,  which  it  wouhl  have  heeii  very  dillicillt  to     was  ne.iily   out,  hut   it   was  tlioii;;lit   hi'tter   that   they 
cross,  on  aeooiiiit  of  the  high  sandy  hanks.      From  this    should  reci'ivi'  the  rohlurs  in   the  dark,   or  let  them 
jilace,  they  turned  .south-east  to  m. ike  for  the  iiiil  of ,  come  ijiiit 


hi 


'  a  liijlit  was  shown,   when  ihey 


l>a 


iiyn 


I'piii, 


Ideralilv 


the    Wesi 


t  of!  should  he  ahle   to  .see  them,   and   at  a   si;»iial,    p' 


!  I 


III: 


I  1 1 


li 


It 

I; 


I        '■    I 


Im 


aM 


ALL   ROUND  THE    WORLD. 


,\  volley.      A;;;iin  tlic\v  licinl  tlicm  iumi'i'V,  I'viilinlly    in  timl   iiciii(>  couUl  lie   olituiut'd   neai'    tlicni  ;    tlicrt'toi-o  it 

full    scent    lit'  tlii'ir  giinic,    ami    all    lay    nady   mi    the  niii^t  iinw  ]»■  imly  liy  a  most   vigilant  watch  llial    llicy 

griHiiicl    walcliinj;   llicir   a|i|iinacli.        It    wa-s   nut,    luni;  cmiM  save  llicir  liorscs,      'I'lie  lULtlit  liecanie  mtv  ilark, 

lieturc   tlii'V  c.iiilcl  hear   'heir   t'cct   lieiit   (ill    the  jjfimiicl  i;iiil     iinihini;     cnilhl    lie  seen   at    a     slmit    distance   ex- 

is  they  i;allci|Mil  tovvanls  tlieni.      In  a  very  few  niimiles  cepting    luwaicls  the    lake,    where     any    ilark     iilijeet 

I  he  troi)|i  came  ii|i,  ami  itave  a  sava-je  hii«l.      'I'he  men  ciiiihl    lie   ciliserved  against  the  dim  light  (ill  the  vatel'. 

imw  placed  scHiie  (lr>    luishcs  iin  the  tire  and  lilew  it  ii|i  Sliar|i    and     keen     eyes     were     jieeping     (iiil     in    evi'iy 

iiitii  a  liright  llame,  which  sent  its  red  glare  far  lievdiid  directimi;    Imt     mi    wulf    was  seen    <ir    sdiiiid    heaiil. 

them,  discldsiiig  their  ears  and  tails  erect,   and   their  The    Kalka>  said  the   \v(ilv('s   were    wailing  till  all   was 

eyes  llasliing  tire.      At   this  instant  a  signal  w:us  given,  still,     when   they    weiild   make    a   dash    at   the    hdises. 

:<iid  a  Volley   was   |io\ire(l   in    with   deadly  eH'cct.      The  They  had   lieeii    watching   for  a  long  time   without   the 

lidirilile    hdwling    which    they    set   U|i    declared    that  slightest    nioveineiit,    when    twii   iif  ilie   Inn-ses   lieeame 

mischief  had  lieeii  done     'I'liey  did  not  strive  to  eolleet  uneasy,    tugging   at    the    thdiigs,    and  snorting.       The 

their  gaiin- — that    might    lie   found    in    the    inorning  clouds  rolled    dtF.   the   stars   slionc  fni-tli,   and   reflected 
Their   pieces  were   re  Idaded  as  (|uickly  as   pdssilile,  as  '  more    light   on    the    lake.  I'loeiitly,    hdwling     was 

the  Kalkas  w:;"ne(l  them  that  the  wdlves  would  return  heard    in    the   distance,  and    I    loick-a  liiii  declared    that 

-  -they   could   hear   tlieiii    siiailiug,    and    some   nf  the  another   pack    of  wnlvcs     was    eoming.       When    they 

winiiided  howliiiL',  hut  too  tar  away  fur  them  to  risk  a  approached    iicirer,    those    who    had     lieen    so    (iiiielly 

.shot.    The  lire  was  let  down,  and  tlu'y  remained  jierfectly  kee|iing  guard  (^ver  iheiii  liegaii   to  growl,  and  let  thi'ni 

(piiet.  know    that  they    weii'   not    far  away.     As  it    was   now 

They  were  not  left   long  in    igiioraiiee  as  to  their   in-  deemed   ali.solutely    necessnry    to    pidcnre  some    luishes 

tentioiis.      .Slioitlv  there  wms  a  great  cnmimitioii  .imdiig  four   of  the  lueii  crept  (piiilly  aloiiu;  the  shore  of  the 


the  horses,  when  they  il 
dividi'd,  and  were  steal- 
ing up  to  the  animals 
■  111  each  side,  lietweeii 
them  and  the  water ; 
the  Kalkas  and  K.il- 
niucks  rushed  up  td  the 
steeds,  littering  loud 
shout.s,  and  this  drove 
tlie  Wolves  hack.  It 
was  now  iifce.-^sarv  to 
guard  the  horse-;  on 
three  >ides.  as  they 
could  hear  the  savage 
lirutes  (jilite  near,  and 
the  men  aiiticipateil 
that  they  Would  make 
a  rush,  cause  the  ani- 
mals to  lin-ak  Iddse, 
and  then  hunt  them 
down.  If  this  hap- 
pened, they  Willi  Id  lie 
moruint;,  as    those     that 


ivered   that    the    pack    had     lake,    two  of  them   aimed,   and    in   alioiit    ten    minutes 

returned,  each  having 
:in  ainifiil  of  fuel.  The 
emlels  wire  kindled, 
and  inaleiial  ]ilaced  on 
lljein  to  lie  lilown  into 
a  flame  the  moment  it 
was  wanted.  The  sound 
that  they  had  heard  in 
the  distance  had  ceased 
for  .some  time,  when 
suddenly  there  was  a 
great  colnliiolion  ;  the 
other  wolvi  s  had  come 
up.  and  the  smirting 
and  growling  lieeaiue 
luridiis.  How  much 
a  light  was  w  islied  for, 
whereli\  to  walih  tlie 
liattle  which  appeared 
likely  to  ensue.  For  a 
left    without    horses    in     the  |  time   there   appeare(l    to    he    individual    coinliuts  ;   hut 


VIEW    OF    ALEXANDROVSK,    ON    THE    BAY    OF    CASTRIES. 


11.,   .renei-'  .os.  aiid  tluiiall    Ipciaiiie  laliii   as 

liefore.  .\gain  they  wailid,  h.oking  out  fur  more  than 
half  all  flour,  when  the  horses  liegaii  ]inlliiig  and 
plunging  violently  ;  still  they  eonld  see  iidthing.  The 
in.iii  now  lilew  the  eniliers,  and  in  a  (t'w  miiiutes 
the  luishes  hurst  up  into  a  Ma/e.  when  they  saw  a 
:,'ioiip  ijf  I'ight  or  ten  wuhes  within  tit'teeli  paces,  with 
others  1m  voiid.  In  a  nioiui  nt  they  got  the  coiitents  of 
holh     hairels  ;     at     the    same    instant     the     oilier    liieli 


were  not  killed  would  lie 
Mallered  far  over  the  steppe.  A  (Jossaek  and  a  K.il 
niiick  turned  to  guard  the  approaches  on  each  side,  and 
-Mr.  .\tkiiison  remained  watching  the  front.  Tlie  lire 
w;ls  now  lii,'liled.  and  krpt  ill  a  constant  Idaze  In  the 
Kalkas  adding  sm.'ill  luishes,  iind  this  eii.ililed  them  to 
Fee  as  well  as  hear  their  s,i\a4e  enemies.  I'rescntlx. 
their  glaring  eyehalls  were  discerne(l  moving  to  and  fro 
nearer  and  nearer;  then  their  gri.sly  forms  could  he 
distiiigiiished  pushing  i.ieh  dtlhr  on.  Atthis  inomeiit,  liicd,  when  the  pack  set  n](  a  frightful  howl  and 
the  rifles  craek(  d  to  tliH  riilht,  and    the    lire   sent  up  a     s. mipereil  off. 

liiighl  light,  which  eiialiled  our  traveller  to    make  sure  I'he  lire  was    kept    Idazing   for  .some   time,  hut   they 

of  diie  felldW  as  he  turned  his  side  tuwards  him  lie  wiienot  di.stiirlied  again  during  the  nighl  .  .\t  day- 
sent  the  sei'oiid  hall  into  the  )iaek,  and  more  than  one  liiilit  they  e.x.imined  the  ground,  .ind  found  eight  Wdhes 
must  have  liei'ii  wiiiindeil,  livthc  how  ling  w  hich  arose  dead,  others  had  lieeii  wiiiinded,  as  they  ascertained 
in  that  direction.  The  other  men  had  lireil,  he  did  not  hy  tniees  left  on  the  siind  ;  and  the  men  eariied  ofl' 
doulit,  liiit  with  eipial  ell'ect  ;  for  he  wiis  certain  thi-v  the  skins  of  the  slam  as  troplii(  s  of  the  eng.igemeiit. 
would  not  throw  a  shot  away.  In  a  few  minutes.  The  Kalkas  inl'oriiieil  Mr.  Atkinson  that  these  hruteH 
the  growling  ceaseil,  all  I  all  Wius  still,  excepting  the  destroy  many  of  I  Inlr  hoi  ses  und  cattle  :  that  thev  are 
snorting  of  seme  of  the  horses.  ISotli  Kalkas  and  more  nuinerous  to  i  he  westward,  and  Would  give  tht'Ul 
Kalmucks  assured  him  th.if  the  Wolves  would  make  tioiil.le  mi  their  join  lu'V  in  thai  direction . 
another  attack,  ,'ilid  .said  llial  iio  niie  must  .sleep  mi  his  I'hey  stalled  mi    towards  the  a  id,  slill    (o  the    weHt- 

p<iht.  w.ird  of  their  fii r  track,  and   were  riding  over   u 

To  iucrea.se  their  dilEnulty,  they  had  few  bushes  left,     most    iiniiiteicsliii;,    .  (iiiiitry.      A    heavy,  samly  steppe 


"nsr— 


UP  AND   DOWN   THE   A  MOOR. 


267 


lllTt'till'C   it 

til. It  tlit'y 
MTV  (lark, 

stlllll'l'    t'X- 

rk    (ilijfct. 

till'  VltttT. 
ill  every 
ml  lii'iii'il. 
ill  all  was 
111'  111  uses, 
itiiiiiit  till! 
I's  lifciiiiie 
inj,'.       'I'lii! 

I  llll.-Ctl.l 

kiiiift  «as 
lart'il  tliat 
lit'li  tlicy 
ill  i|iiii'lly 
<i  Id  tlicm 
was   luiw 

III'     Illl.sill'.S 

iri'   lit'  the  ' 

II  liiiiiiiti's 
I'll  liaviii]^ 
til.'l.  'I'he 
'    kiiiiiliMJ, 

Jilai't'l  on 
liiuii  into 
iiiiiiiciit   it 

TIlI'Mlllllll) 

lii'ai'il  in 
lail  i-<'!iM'il 
III',  wlun 
It'  was  it 
tii'ii  ;  tlie 
liail  coiiu' 
snorliii;,' 
M-raini' 
liiiii'li 
nil  till', 
<li  tliu 
|M'ai'i'il 
l'"(ii'  a 
1  ;  Imt 
iiliii  as 
n  tliaii 
ami 
K.     Till' 

illlltt'.S 

•saw   a 
•,  with 
flits  of 
liii'li 
anil 


rr 


iW 


It  llii'y 
U  ilay- 

«li|\  I'S 

rtaiiii'il 
n.'.l  (itr 
I'liirnt. 

Ill'lltfC 

IV  are 
lilt' 111 

west- 


lU'layf'l  them  nuioh  ;   liiit  after  a  tliree  liours'  riile  they  ]  when   struck   with   force   af;ainst   tlips«    rocks.      Wliilc 
were  oiiee  more  on  a  fjrassy  turf  at  a  good  sjieeil.      It    thus  eiii;am'il  they  suiMeiily  hcanl  a  shout,  an^l  hioking 

round,  they  olisi-rvcd  the  two  Kalkas  run  a  short  dis- 
tance, then  stoji.  ami  limk  at  some  oliject.  fn  an  instant 
lliey  were  ii|i  and  ran  to  them.  The  cause  of  their 
alarm  was  |i(iiiitei|  out,  about  ten  yards  in  front  of  them, 
in  tlio  sliii|ie  of  a  largo  8er|ii'iit  coiled  upon  a  rock, 
with  his  Iliad  oK'vated  alioiit  eight  indies,  his  eyes  red 
like  tire,  and  his-ing  furiously.  They  knew  that  his 
liite  was  exceedingly  dangerona,  and  were  afniid  to 
a|i|iroai'h  too  near  to  him.  A  rillo  wa.s  unslung  in  a 
iiiiiinte,  and  the  lie.irer  of  it  lay  "lown,  getting  a  rest 
on  a  rock.  Suddenly  the  rejitilo  lowered  his  head  into 
his  coil,  |Mii'ing  over  one  of  his  folds.      'I eliiick  a-lmi 


was  not  till   late   in  the  evening  that  they  saw  camels 
and   hor.ses  wending   their  way  towards   hoine.      After  ' 
thi.s    they  soon    reacheil    the  a  ill,  and    Darina   Tsyren  ' 
give  our  travellers  a  kind  welcome  ;  Imt  when  he  lic.ird 
of  the  attack  of  th"  wolves,  and  saw  the  skins,  he  was 
delighted.     This  ciroiimstancu  atru'ded  the  trilie  a  siih 
jeot   for  conversation    long   after    their   di'|iai'tiire,   nor 
will  they  soon  forget  tlio  event.     Twoof  tlieskins  were 
iirdercil  to  lio  liroirght  in  and  ]iresi'nted  to  the  chief,  to 
his  infinito  gr.itilic.ition. 

A  gold  night  w.i3j)a.ssed  with  his  host,  and  soon  aiii'r 
day  dawned  our  traveller  inoiiuted  and  continued  his 
journeyoveragriwsy,  undulating  ste|i|ie,  for  six  orsevin     .'id  va  need  two  or  three  paces,  when   ii|i   it  went   again. 


hours,  without  seeing  one  living  thing  exc.'|iting  their 
own  |>  irty.  The  ineu  desired  tliat  they  should  stop  at  the 
tirst  fresh  w.iter,  wliich  they  s;iw  not  far  distant  —a 
small  stream  riinniug  acnxis  the  stejipe.  To  the  south 
of  tli'iii  were  sever.il  1  ikes,  some  of  them  of  consider- 
alilediiiiimsioiis,  hut  .siiid  to  bi;  all  of  them  salt.  Having 
reached  the  stream  of  fresh  water,  the  horses  |iluiii,'ed 
in  and  drank  their  fill.  I  [ere  they  dined,  rested  their 
animal.s,  an  1  then  role  forw.ml.  .V  short  distance  lie 
yond  they  entered  upon  a  iKirren  waste,  stn-tching 
away  for  many  versts  While  riding  along,  Mr.  Atkin- 
son collected  numerous  beautit'ul  sjiecimens  of  agate 
and  chalcedony,  and  also  a  few  pieces  of  sardonyx. 
TiMVoUing  south  brought  them  to  .some  hiw  ridges  of 
il.ii'k  purple  rock,  spotted  with  red,  extn'iiiely  hard, 
and  capihle  of  ri.'eeiviiig  a  very  high  polish.  Crossing 
these  give  them  luiu'li  troulilc,  as  the  ro.  ks  were  sharp 
and  pointe  I  ;  inle'd,  it  was  exceedingly  dilliciilt  for 
the  horses  to  walk  over  them. 

These    .stony    ridges   sw  irniecl    with     soi'|ieiits — thev 
were   lying    coiled   up,    but    they    weie    ipiiekly    made 


liissing  forth  his  detiaiice.  Our  traveller  now  got  his 
head  fair  in  the  lead  of  the  litle,  touched  the  triggir, 
a:id  the  leaden  niessenger  piil'ornied  its  duty.  His 
body  S|ii-;ing  out  ot  its  coil,  hut  lieadles.s,  and  writliiiig 
in  many  folds.  The  nun  were  npoii  liim  with  their 
wlii|is  ;  but  iiolwithstaiiding  their  lieavy  lilows,  it  was 
at  le.'ist  fen  minutes  befoie  the  reptile  lay  still.  He 
was  then  stretclieil  out.  and  nieasnred  li\e  feet  two 
inches  and  a  half  without  his  head,  and  four  inches  and 
a  ipiarter  round  his  body.  Mis  colour  was  a  dark 
brown,  with  greenish  iiiid  red  marks  mi  his  sides,  and 
his  aspect  imliiated.  if  it  may  he  so  expr.'ssed,  deadly 
poison.  Th"y  were  obliged  to  continue  their  walk  for 
a  couple  of  versts  fiiither,  jiassing  many  of  the  slaty- 
green  reptiles,  niid  two  or  three  black  ones,  but  the 
other  two  Npeeii  s  they  did  not  meet  again.  After 
crossing  that  st  'iiy  track,  thev  came  tipon  a  sandy 
[ilain  extiiiiling  to  a  considerabh?  distance. 

The  il.iy  was  fir  aihaiiied,  which  rendered  a  ipiick 
ride  over  this  die  iry  steppe  ab.solntely  iieee.ssary. 
There  was  neither  grass  nor   water  to   lie  seen   in  any 


aware  of  their   presence   by  seeing  their  heads  rear  up,  direction,   but   they   must   be   found   if  possible,  bet'ore 

and  le'irin^    them    hiss   as   they  pi^s.il.      Some  mo\cd  iii^lit    set    in.       Their    route    lay    in    a    soiith-we.sterly 

otf,  others  wen-  not  ini'lined  to    in  ike  way,  and   many  dire  tion.    and  tleir  jace  a  gallop.       After    riding  a 

were    killed  with    the    heavy   thongs   of    their   whips.  little   more  than   two  hours  they  got   among    tufts  of 

Any   iniii   who   should    be   compelled    to    take   up    his  steppe  grass,  as.sociated   with   a  thorny  bush,   bearing 

quarters  for  the  night  on  these  rid,'es  would  soon  have  yellow  and  deep  purple  lloweis,   similar  in  form  and 


some  nnpleisint  bed  fellows.  Koiir  varieties  of  these 
reptiles  were  oliservecl — a  black  one,  three  teet  eight 
indies  long,  and  about  one  inch  and  an  eighth  in  di.inie 
tcr  ;   this  fellow  w  is  very  act  i  ve.     .\  notlier  was  of  slaty- 

gi't'v lour,  from  two  to  three  ii'ct  long,  and  smaller  in 

diameter  than  the  black  sii.ike,      This  breed  was  nume 
rolls,  an  1  ofli'n  ditlicult   to   see,  th  v  so  nearly  reseiii 
bled  the  colour  of  .soine  of  the   rocks.      Tin 
obliged    to    dismount    and    walk,    fe.iriiig   t' 


Stl' 


p)ie 


size   to  the  hedge-rose.      They  contiiiiied   to  ]iush  on, 

imr  was  it  long  before  they  began  to  descend   towards 

a\allev  running  towards  the  westward,  where  a  bright 

sihery  band   imlicaled    the  liipiid   they  sought.        Its 

presence  w.is  geiier.illy  recognised,  the   horses  pricking 

lip  their  ears,  and  exlendiiig   their  necks  as  they  rode 

down  into  the  grassy  valley.      They  tnrneil  towards  the 

had  lieeii     iie.inst  point,  where  they  observed  bushes  growing  on 

lame   the     the  b.iiik  of  the  stream,  and  in  less  than  an  hour  were 

horses,  which  often  nearly  tro(l  on  tlieiii  without  seeing     looking  into  the  crystal   Hood   with  feelings  of  inten.se 

iheiii.     t  >iir  traveller's  long  shooting  boots  were  a  com-    gratification.       Ilotli   iinii  and   animals  rushed   to  the 

plete  protection  to   his   legs,  and   ho  had  .seen  too  many     water  to  ipieiich  tin  ir  scorching  thii-st.      The  river  was 

of  these  reptiles  to   fear  them  ;   nevertheless,  he  had  a    about  twenty  yards  wide  and  about  forty  feet   deep, 

great  dislike  tf)  their  company.      They  also  found  some    running  sluggishly  towards  the  west;   but  whether  it 

of  an  ashy -green   and  black,  with  th'ep  crimson  .specks    found  its  way  to  the   hjabakan  or  to  the  Kara  Nur, 

on   the   side;    as    they    moved   along   in    the   siin    the     the  Kalkas  coiild  not  tell,  nor  did  they  know  its  name. 

colours  were  most  brilliant.      ><oiie  of  these  which  they  j       A  coiincil  was  held  b\  the  whole  band,  touching  the 

saw  exceeded  three  I'eet  in  length,  but  they  did  not  kill  i  )irobability  of  a  visit  from  the  wolves.     The  Kalkas 

one  of  them.  thought  they  could  scent    their  track  and  find  them 

A    <\issack,      Tdiuck-a-boi,    two    Kalk.'Ls,    and    our    befoie  many  hours  had  passed  ;  it  wa.s,  therefore,  agreeil 

traveller,  had  walked  on   a  head,  leaving  the  others  to    that   the   huses    should   feed  until  dusk  and  then   be 

lii'ing  on  the  hor.ses.      The  latter  was  occupied  exaniin      secured  on   an   open   space,   belweeii   tho  encanipment 

ing    the    rocks    and    trying   to   obtain   s..mi'  greenish      and   the   river;    that  three   men  should  keep    wateli, 

yellow  oryatals,  with  the  assistance  tif  the  I 'oss,'ick  and    changing  every  two  hours,  and  a  large  tire  be  niain- 

Kalmucl.        I  hit  all  their  elforts  were  fruit  less      the  tiieetained    llirough    the    night.      Sntticieiit    fuel    for    thin 

and  edge  of  their  geybiiieal  luimmers  turned  like  lead    purpose  was  collected,  and  all  preparations  made  fo>- 


I 


i;  '  I 


I  i 


■  I 


1 

i]  - 

:    1 

s  ( 


263 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


ilffiMin-  ;  i\(ifr  this  ilu-y  -^iiiiimhI.  ami  miiiy  of  tlioni 
wtTti  MMiii  sipiiinl  ;».n1<-«-|i  Tiv..  Wiitolies  [Klsst'd  iiiiilis 
tiirln'il,  but  tlu'  tliinl  li:ui  ii-l  Ufii  Inn:.'  oii  their  |>(ist 
whi'U  a  Ciissjii-k  sh'»ik  xiir  tr.i\i-liiT  s  arm  ami  l<M  iiiiii 
thi'  Wiilvrs  »i'r>'  rinisiiii;  In  a  l"i«  iiiiiiiitrs  tlii'V  wire 
up  ainl  ri'ailv  l<>  rf|pfl  an  att.i-li.  .hi'ulii  tlio  luiitcs 
aclvanee.  A  hnjjht  lir.-  >in-<l  a  strnni;  li^lit  tor  lit'tv 
yanls  ap'uiitl  tln'iu  ;  U-vtind  tlii~  »:i>  tiiii'k  ilarknrss, 
which  the  t-y.-  rmihl  ii-.l  |>t-n<'trat<'.  Tlio  Imrsi'S  wi'IT 
;<till.  not  a  ■iojinl  i-oiihl  1«'  ii<-:tr<l.  aiil  tliis  coniinni'il 
for  trn  or  tit't.i-n  !iiiniit<-<.  wIk-ii  the  imise  of  a  distaiit 
howl  was  wafteil  i.v.-r  the  plain  ;  there  they  were,  sure 
enough.  It  was  so  Ion;;  U-fon- tiny  heanl  it  a;;.(in  the 
man  tlion^ht  that  the  wiilvts  lia-i  filleii  in  with  a  lierd 
of  ilier.  oil  which  they  werv  lea-tin:.'.  Tlie  wateh  was 
ejialigeil.  the  tire  ma<le  Up.  aiul  they  l.ty  down  to  sleep. 
.\  little  liefore  daylii;hl  they  wen-  a:;ain  rou.sed,  when 
tln-y  heard  the  wolv«-s  ipiite  iiear.  Imi  eoidd  not  see  one. 
A  most  viifil.mt  li>.k-"Ut  w.is  kept  up  Imt  not  one 
I'ame  within  the  r:in:.'e  of  their  vi>ion  until  dav  dawned, 
when  a  lifoup  of  I'i^'ht  op  ten  weiN-  s«-i'n  sitting  ami 
standi^:.'  aliout  tour  h>iiidr---l  y.mls  distant  t'roni  them. 
The  Kalkas  thought  that  they  had  Ii^t  reeeived  a  fjood 
share  of  the  vi-ni>.»n   i-;iu;;iit  l.y  the  jtiek   in   the  night. 

Two    horses    WiTl'    unfustelied    and    ieil    over    the    pl.ijn. 

under  cover  of  which  tli>-y  ho|K-<l  to  get  w  ithin  ninge 
of  the  depr.d.it..|-».  leu  ,s,-ar.vly  liad  they  re, died  to 
within  three  hundr>-'l  y.irds  -.f  them,  when  they  heat  a 
retreat,  g'iiig  i-\\'  at  a  >l..w  |mie.  Three  l.ullets  were 
.sent  after  them,  which  ai-celi-nittfl  their  speed,  hut  did 
them  no  d.iniage. 

The  lior>es  were  turn»-l  out  t-  f'-<'d  ;  then  two  Cos- 
.sacks,  with  Tcliiii-k  a-l-d  ainl  Mr  AtkiiiMui  .set  off  in 
ipiest  of  gaiiio.  Th'ir  l.irder  wa-s  very  low,  and,  tinless 
something  wjf.  produc>-<l.  th'-y  Wiuld  h.iv<-aii  insiirticieiit 
dinner.  They  accnrdiiiirly  dej«.irt«-<l.  in  p  lirs.  in  ■lillirent 
directions,  anil,  .ifiera  w.iik  iif  t«"  hours,  met  ag;'in  at 
the  encimpineiit  :  the  wlede  pPMluce  of  their  rities 
l>eing  two  ducks,  a  swan,  an-l  a  |tdicaii  l^iii.'e  game 
they  ha<l  seen  n..rie.  thew.-in--  having  driven  them  off. 
<  hi  their  arri\;il.  ill  hiieU  «er  ■  rvad\  to  ilejiart.  and  in 
a  lew  minutes  they  were  pre^~iiig  th.  ir  journey  along 
till- Iraiik  of  tin- 1  i\er.  Alter  riding  al-iut  an  hour,  the 
Kalkas  di>ii>\ered  .in  ohj.-t-t.  l>y  which  thev  knew  the 
direetiipii  of  tlii'  Kan  nur  They  left  the  river,  riiling 
more  tottarils  tin-  north-»>-»t.  and  .si«>n  n-tcheil  .-oiiie 
liigher  gr'.uml.  which  jpive  thitii  .-»  view  far  over  the 
country.       The   nverthey  h.i-1  j-i-t  loft,  after  rnmiing  in 

a  Westerly  direction    t"r  tw •    thr.-e  versts,   tuiiieil 

almo.>t  directly  south       Tii<y  ■  ..uld  tr.iif  itscoinso   for 

.1  liuii:  distal until  it  .•ip|»-ir>-.l  l.t>t  inalu-il  of  reed--. 

extending  over  .in  imi'i'ii««- tr.uk.  in  which  wiiese-n 
Hinall   spai-es   of  o|»n    w.ii.r       .VU.iit    thi«M  o  clock  i.i 

the  at'tiri n.  tiny    tir-t    .aught  si;.'l.t   of  K.ira  nur.  or 

••  I'il.e  k  Like."  and  the  r  \ er  w  ich  run-  into  ir.  :iiid  in 
il'oiit  an  hour  w.-re  "ii  it~  ni>riiierii  shore.  The  lake 
IS  not  large,  imr  is  thei>' aiiytliiii;;  pi>  tui-e~<|iie  aliout 
it.  They  f.Miml  gi"»i  pi.«tiin'  for  tlnir  hor.^s.  and 
oh.served  hiimlreds  of  wa'erfottl  swiiiiiiiiiig  on  the 
lake.  They  continue. I  tin  ir  j.iuniey  t.-wards  the 
Kirgliis.  rcproi  nti.l  l.y  the  Kalk:is  to  l>e  ,i  set  of 
di'^lKTilc  haielim.  wur-f  than  w..|ves.  alid  ■•■■tistant'v 
plundc'rinn  ;  Imt  our  tr.ivtdh-r  .iid  not  iM'lieve  hII  tlic 
ill  reportecl  i,t'  them. 

The  eisteiid  of  tli>'  hike  an.I  tlie  river  weie  sur 
rouinled  hy  a  thick  U-.I  ..f  n-'-K  •xteii.lin:.' far  int..  the 
steppe  .As  wil.l  Imirs  .ir--  ii>ii.«ri\  t'.lM-  loiitel  in  .-inh 
plitoea,  a    Uossiick,    Tchuck-a  lx>i,  uiid    .Mr.    Atkinson,  , 


mounted  fresh  horses,  ami  sallied  forth  in  ipiost  of 
this  giiiiie.  In  many  places,  the  p-iils  ro>e  far  aliove 
their  hi'ads,  and  often  the  li.>rses  were  up  to  the  saddlc- 
tiaps  in  water.  Still  they  IimIc  on  in  the  hope  of  finding 
game,  and  .saw  in  licttioiis  of  thegrouml  having  recetifly 
heeii  turned  up  ill  many  places  in  .si-.m  h  of  ro..ts.  Not 
witlistan. ling  how I'Vi'f,  .-ill  the  tnices.  th.v  were  ol.lii.'ed 
to  return  after  a  long  ride  without  having  wen  a  single 
animal.  One  duck  was  cooked  f..r  .Mr  Atkinson'.s 
evening  meal  ;  the  other,  with  thesw.in.  ami  the  ]»di- 
can,  were  made  into  smip.  and  eaten  with  great  relish 
I'V  his  coni|i.iiiions.  Suli.se.|nently.  the  same  precautions 
were  taken  to  jirotect  the  li.irs.s  against  any  attack  of 
wolves  ;  hut  night  iias,se.l,  and  morning  l.roke,  without 
their  heing  oni-e  disturhed. 

A  thick  fog  was  hanging  over  the  lake  ami  river, 
which  gr.idiially  heg.iii  to  risi-,  U-tokening  a  hot  dav. 
Ciood  l.ye  wius  .slid,  w  li.-n  the  two  little  luirties  .se|i;i 
rated  ;  the  Kalkas  returning  t..  their  a-nl,  the  re.-,t 
proceeding  ill  .search  of  tli.'  Kiver  ItjaUikaii.  There 
was  always  a  regret  on  jKirtin^  with  men  who  hail 
sliai>'d  the  toil  .iiid  ilani;er  of  a  J.iurney.  Thesi-  men 
had  stood  lira\cly  to  their  h..rse>  when  the  wi.Im-.s 
made  their  grand  attack  u|ion  them,  ami  now  thev 
parted  never  to  meet  a:.'ain  N'.i  on.'  of  the  partv  li.id 
.my  knowieilgi'  of  tin-  country  tlir..ui:li  wliiidi  tlnv 
were  ahoiit  to  ride  ;  they  only  kn.'w  tli.it  l>y  foil. .wing 
a  south-westerly  dire.ti.iii  they  s!i..iil.l  strike  ii|H.n  the 
njaliakaii;  Imt  wheih.r  in  one  or  tw.i  days  no  one 
c.iild  tell.  So.iii  att.r  leaving  th.'  Kara  nur,  thev 
eiitcri'd  upon  an  arid  plain  extending  tar  into  the 
rian  kum  desert  ;  it  was  .i  dreary  wa.-te.  without  either 
vegetation  or  water.  The  lanler  agiiin  was  nearlv 
empty,  and  they  could  not  ex]Hvt  to  lind  g:une  in  such 
a  region. 

After  riding  several  hours,  the  ii.untry  became 
rocky,  with  lofty  ridges  and  narrow-  valh-v.-*,  quite  des- 
titute of  vegetati.ui.  Ill  one  of  tlieM-wa>  a  siii  ill  lake 
surroiilide.l  hy  hiL;h  pre.ipiccs  ;  this  was  I'luii  jur.  with 
its  caverns,  descrihed  l.y  the  K.ilkas  They  .-^;^v  that 
Shaitan  has  his  dwelling  here;  if  .so.  he  ha.s  shown 
great  tiiste  ill  selecting  a  ni".-t  rolnaliti.-  sjn.t  ;  indeeil. 
the  view  from  one  of  the  caM-rrK^  is  ).ailicularlv  wild 
and  hcautiful.  This  cavern  is  fornie.l  i.iit  of  a  com 
pact  yellow  limestone,  and  extends  int.. the  r.K-ks  almiit 
I'liO  feet  ;  if  is  about  tin  feet  whle.  atnl  S<j  fit-t  high, 
ami  makes  a  inagiiiliceiit  natural  chanilier.  ( >n  leaving 
the  lake  aid  a.-ceiiiliin;  the  opposite  height,  they  got  a 
view  over  the  ]ilain  I.,  the  .s..utli.  on  to  whii-h  tli.-y 
ilescenilcd  thr. mgh  a  ravine. 

Having  traMJliil  >.iiiie  hours  .smne  |.>w  hills  appeurcil 
miiiy  ir-ts  distant  ;  tiny  were,  li.iwe\er.  delighte.l  to 
lind  a  l.irge  lake  stietihing  far  bey.  .ml  tln-iii.  As  they 
appro.nheil  nearer,  trees  ami  r.Mk-  ap|ieanil  stamling 
..p  its  >horc-s,  casting  their  rctl.ctioii  ..ii  its  surface,  ami 
giving  h. .pes  of  liii.ling  l.eai.tiful  >cen.ry. 

They  hail  liildeii  more  than  an  hour  but  .-ip|>t-ared  no 
nearer  the  lake — in  fact,  the  water  n-i-ed<il.  'I  hey 
now  s.iw  that  a  inira'.;e  had  eaiis«-<l  this  delusion  ;  tor 
•iftcr  riding  a  couple  of  hours  nimv  it  v.inishtil,  chang- 
ing the  a|i|H'ariince  of  a  U-autifiil  lake  into  a  barren 
waste  .\t  length,  after  ri.ling  nnny  weary  vei>t.-.. 
they  saw  a  small  lake  with  a  little  stream  falling'  int.* 
it.  Here  thiv  found  .i  loai-e.  gr.is«y.  turf  growing  on 
the  banks  of  the  little  river  and  ar.-und  the  lake. 
I.oiig  Icfore  the  sun  went  down  thev  r>  ached  the 
water,  whii-h  proved  to  Im-  g...M|  .in.l  -«.<t  and  this 
decided  them   to  remain   the   night.      Nulicing  at    uu 


UP   AND   DdWN    THR   AMOOR. 


•M\f 


gn-at  .listanrfl  spvoral  fliM'ks   (if  lari,'o   hinls  rcfilini;  on 
lliA  jilaiii,  11  Ciis.>i.(ck  HI 


Kiiit,  a Jiii|iam<'i 


(I  Mr     Atkiiisnri  stuliil 
i    liv  t«i(  Kaliiiiiiks  Icailiii:;  li< 


I" 


1.' 


vliicli  iiieaiiH  llii-y  1iu|iim|  tn  ;,'it  williiii  rilli:  (ii>laiii'i'  nf 
tlic"  ({iliK'.  Til'"  Kiiliiiiicks  ;,'i'ailually  a|i|)i(iail]ril  tin- 
liinl.s  l)V"uiii^  riiuiiil  in  a  tlrrlf,  uml  tluv  witc  nil  well 


I'ltei-iMl  liv  till-  lic)i-^i-i.      At  li'iiiitli  tin!  nil' 


II    St, 


tho  ('ii-i-i.irk  ami  <i  ir  tiMViliiT  lny  flat   on    tin-   i,''"iiii'l. 


Ill  liavin^  iildailii  il  a  pnul  si;;lit,  two  of  tlii'  tlmk  ' 


I  in 


itU-  str.'Irllfil  ill 


in  till-    Iilrllll 


As  t 


II'    olhils 


liil  not  fly  awav,  tliiir 
;aiii  a|i[iroai-lii-'l  llic  Mr  Is  witli  ••i|iial  sii 


II'  liimli'il,  ami  tlii'y 
;.  l.iit  this 


tiiiii-  tin-  tliirk  Willi  fir  awiy.      Tiny  now  ;,':itlii'ri'il  up 


bfir    gainu    uiii 


1    ascurtaiiieil    tlieiii    to    bo    four     fii 


liiistanls. 


11  conks  wi'ii'  I'ViT   iiioio  active  in 


their 

111  rii|Kitioii    than    till'    pirly    witu   in    pii'|iaiiii>;   tlii'so 
liiiils  fill-  till'  |iot,  ami  wlii-n  sti-wi'il  tlii'y  wcii'  ili'liciuus. 


11 


•aiitiiilis  au'aiiist    wolv 


le    ii-iia'    p 

pi'att'il  ,  a.i  I  as  tlii'ir  sality  ilipimliil  on  tlii-ir  ImiM 
tlii'V  wi'if  fjiiaiili'il  with  the  utmost  can'.  Again  tl 
niglit  j)!isseil  over  in  pi-ari'  ami  ipiiet. 

1 1 1 .  _T  i  I  K  S  U I  .T  A  N  S  O  F  T 1 1  K  SI'  I'',  1 '  I  •  I :  S 


I'KfR'KKIilMi  on    tliiir    wav.    at'tcr    tl 


wilil  lioar  hunt,  foljowiin;  thi' 


it  li:i.^ti'in'<l  into  tin'   hil 


thi'iki 


•    of  tl 
little 


liMi-sic.n  lit   .1 
11'  liver  niitll 


e  ii.iitv  iiiishi 


hoMlv  onwanl  throUi,'li  a  sterile  eountiy  of  liiutle  hills 
ami  \  alli'Vs,  They  ernsseil  the  i're>t  of  a  riil^e  which  i;ave 
tlniii    thiir   tii>t    viiw 


if    the   (iiilii— that 


St    wasto 


<teiiiliii._'  fiuni    kissilliash  Nur 


lieil   lll'.iil  Lak. 


were    toll!  th.it  the    piity     hail     come    from    tho    Ubsu- 

Nur,  and  were  going  to  the   Uhinyur, 


Tlii'v  nowlonrnoilthatthea-nl  was  a  very  la 


•ge 


.1 


liiliimr,.,|  tu  Suit  III  liaspasihan;  also  that  they  woulil  timl 
him  with  his  trilie.      K\eiy   Kir;;hi.s  that   they    iiasscil 


hail  his  liatile  axe  haii<'in 


his  sailiile,  hut    whether 


this  was  ail'ipteil  as  a. 

thev  ciitllil  lint    tell 


seiunty  a;,'ainst  man  or  animals, 
After  goiiu;  nil  a  tew  versts,  a 
Kii'.''iis  c  ime  gall'ipiiii,'  u|i  to  point  out  the  positiiiii  of 
the  ;i  ul,  then  left   ihiiii  ami   imle  fa-t  towarils  it.  as    if 


till 

atrmil  I; 
warm  re 


lit  ot  their  arm 
'^ultan   an 


1 


IM',1     1, 


nil    to    hasten    to 


'I'l 


rtiiniH'  of  I'iviiii' 


tl 


leiii 


■tloll. 


A  sli..rt  rule  further  limuu'ht  them  to  tho  top  of  a 
Il;i',  I  eymiil  which  they  liinkeil  ilnwn  upon  the  camp 
111   the  hank    of  h   small    stream    in   the   valley. 


rom  tlie  viir 


Aliout  a  M-r>t  ilistaiit  fr 

liilily  four  or  livi' verst^   loic.;,   .-iii'l 

lui'ilth.      Oil  (in,! 


ts    la 


I  lake, 

il   a  fi 


I>l 


as    a   thick    heil   uf 


rceils  ami 


on  the  other  a  ;,'rassy  .sji  uc,  mi  which  sheep  aid  goats 
Were   scatterel   aliout  in    greit  liiim'iers,       Thev   now 


iiiservi'il  sevi'r.il  men  spriii-.;  ou  their  liir 


am 


1  riih'  to 


meet    tlieiii   -this    was 
When    thev    met.    one 


his    haml    on     .Mr.     Atki 


'crtaiiily  a    missinn    ot     peace. 
;)f   the   liii'li    rode    up   to   them, 


St, 


iayiiig 


Am  111   ■    He  folliweil    the  exiinple,  aiiil  they  loile  on. 


As  tl 


lev  .ililir.ii, 


'heil.  th 


.1  t 


I)    lie  il  ''i-cat   Com 


motinii    in   the  a  111;    twn    Kiri;liis    had    mounteil    their 


ami  giiie  oH"  ,it   full  gillop.      (  )il 


lers    well 


ciillei'tlll' 


lillshi 


111   all 


•I 


•il. 


'  liii 
Th. 


ili'iiit     S7     K.    IoIil;  ).    to    the    Siiilki    .Mouiilaii 


p.Hi'ort  ''uiileil   them  to  a 


yii.'t,  with  a  long  sp: 


K   ImiL.'.  I.  mule  than  I'.ooil  miles  in  IciiljiIi,  ami  varyiic,'     l,].,,!^ 


'■*   ll-"     stuck  into  the  grouml  at    the   iloor,  uuil   a  long   tuft  of 


fi-iHii    :iiMi   to    7<><>  miles  in  wiilth.      Mr.  .\tkiiison  ili: 


iteil  t' 


>  cxamim 


these 


to   the  ea-t,  stietclu 


the  ( fiilii,  with  its  nuiiilii 


istalice. 


T,    till 


ith  111 


the  ."'svali  >haii  (th 


hi'.'li 


s  riili.'es  vanishing  oil'  into 
^.iw  the  snowy  summits  of 
iioiintain  in  ( 'eiitral  Asia  I, 


with  I'liivila  I'ia  "  White  Miiiintain  "  (its  liie|ic>t  peakl 


ri-ing  frniii  aliove  all  nth^ 
iiiMiii  the  sli 


■-.      >iiliseipiiiilly  tiny  ealiie 
Il  I  111'  .\siatic  hollies  iiiarcheil 


lioise  liair  w,i> 


h 


iiiliiig  troiii  lieneath  its   glitti'r- 


iig  lieail.      A    li 


lie    tall  mall 


it    him  at  the   ili 


II  ir 


III 


caught  the  reins  of  Mr.  Atkinson's  hriille,  gave  him  lii.s 


liamlti 
Th 


leiialilehiin  t 

LS  was   the  Sii 


iioiiiit.an 


Ih'ill 


mil  III 


to  till 


l!as| 


lasihali.  whn  wek'oim 


ll  h 


into  hisilwcllin 


111 


w.is  a  .stii 


iiililv-faieil   man. 


llre.sseil  in  a  Llack    \c,\ct  kalat     eil^iil    will 


wore  a    ilei 


111   their  eXIiC'lltloTl    t'l    till'     «i>t. 


I'l 


licail 


p    crimsnii 


le  next  ilav,  utter 


sh.iwl 
ll 


III  h 


Ileal    cap.    ti'iiiil 


I  salile,  ami 
waist  :  on  his 
leil    with    fox- 


passiii'.'  to  the    siiuth-i.ist  a  singular  ilou.u-sluipcil    hill.      i^\ 
which  proveil  to  have  lieen  thrown  up  lik 


hkiii.    Willi    an 


e  iiiime  liu;;i 


lasaltie    luililile    liv  a   volcanic   action   th.it    had   rnllcd 


lowiii;;    Ills 


iri.'in  ca 


It   fr, 


fell  her     liallgiliL'     from     the    top, 


(  Jell 


lava    down    t: 

lie 


le     nil^'lllMilllK 


ia\  nil  s.  tliiv   liriiliia 


A  »li. 


ll.  .1  t. 
rp 


warcl.s  till' 


,d    1,1 


kept     t.i    tl 


le    west  Hal, 


the  diiectii'ii  of    KiiLihis.'anil  sh,,i  tlv    allcr    noon  an 


a  ul  (eiicimpmeiit )  was  seen  anion:;  smiu'  low  lulls 
eiirht  or  ten  veists  ni^taiil.  .\fler  a  coiisullatinii.  they 
dceim-il  it  lieHt  topriici  "(1  t.i  it,  and  see  li,,w  its  iiihali 


ihl    treat   .st|-aiii.'cr>.       In 


taiit.s    Will 

were  riding  thrniiLrli  a  lariie 


Ic'l't    time 


,1    nfla 


the  Kir,/his  hcrdsmcii  caiiie  uii  and  asked  when, 


had 


[ind  wliithcr    Ihxv    were  gmiii 


'I'll. 


'   Tim  Kirirlii*  are  iliviiliit    liile  tliri'?  lionlr 


all  iiinri'  iir 


!.■•• 


triliiitarv   1,1    Uus^ia,   altliiin;;)i    tia'V    h; 


khans  uf  tliiir   iimii. 


111. 


.'V  ar.'  all  walnliTcr 


r  till'  iiiiiiitrii'S  lh-t\v,'i'ii  l)iii>k  ai 


,.1  till 


t'.isiiiau  .<r:i.      liiiir  11,  cii|iati,iMs  i-,iii«i>t  in  liinitiiii;,  ti'   in^' ami 


lirciilinL;  c-.ittli',  and  ,-f  tut!   lato-r  lln-v  tia 


til 


liii|; 
iiA  vicinity. 


\i'  iiniii,'ii>e  ill', v.".  m 


Tl 


(|iiiring  tlieni.      1  lie 


1-  V    an.  lint   t'-nisii 
nlv 


l.rcil 
ll 


iiii'i    in  till'  11 
la 


„l,',,f 


tmiio  ,inly  wi  I, mi;  I'l  ii  pia,-i'  as  t    i-rc  i 


T'lruja  fur  tli.'ir  Ih-xsts.  p'tiiiiL'.  in  winter  a«  ii.sir  tin' wh'.U 
|«i-5ilili',  fur  tlie  BilvantaL'i*  el  fnil,  tlnaiirli  in  iii'-t  iiai-U  ti,' 
ilrii'il  iluni.' iif  tliiir  c.itl!.'  |ire\iili'<  i  ready  nml  itll,  i.'iii  -iilmi- 
»tnti'.  'I'lu'V  are  in  ir.'i"  nil  "  niiseialil*  ami  li'.thy  niei".  "  var.uly 
iliiriiijj  the  wunii  wt-ather,"  8;i\*  Captain  r-'eiirunf,  "  iU'uriiiiig 
'.liMnwlvn  a  jiair  of  tri>u«?r»  fur  ciininnii  (liecney 


h. 
Atki 


ijii  t  had 
iltlie 


i.'.'Ii  siu'eail,  on 


It    lie 


.'h 

whi.h  hi 
iiositi 


SI 'all 


I'lok- 

Mr, 


iii\  iti'd  him  to  :t  seat  hesid 


satistaeti. 


'i'he    tliveller 
c  him.  which   e\iileiitly  gave 


II. 


In     a    fi'H-    minuii'S    twn    liov.s    elitereil, 


hr 


iiii^liil,'    III     t.'a    aii'l   liinl 


Tl 


icV     were    (Iresseil     in 


striped  silk  kalats.  wiili    t',,\skiii   caps   on  their  heads, 
and  g 


rei'ii 

two   SOILS. 


shawls 
Tl 


iinl    their    waist.s. 


Tl 


lev  were    liia 


le  >illtaii:i  was  out    on  a  V|,-1I    t,>    the 


of  another  Sultan.  t\ 


T 


la\  s     |,,uiiiiv  distant. 
Ik 


le  Vint  wasa  lai ;,'e  iiiie.  Willi  silk  curtains  liaiii,'iii 


111   on.'   side,    cov.rini'   tl 


•piiii.'  pi'icc — lied  it    was 


not. 


voar  to    this  si 1 


tlleV   lielci  l\  .'I 


ll  ll  fa 

I  that 


-111 
laineil  to  th. 


(a     la 


nil'  licrclies 


id 


(■Ml 


>] 


ler- 


111  .nt.'riii,'  the  vurt  kenl 


at  a   1) 
On  the 


rtt'iil    ilistaiiee   from   th,'  ti'athercd   nn 


iHisite  side  w.'ii' 


tliri'c  kids   ami   tv 


iiii.'ircl 
lamli' 


ceureil  111  a  sinal 


i.'iriau   caijit 


link 


1         The 

Is    1,1'liiiid    ll 


s  a  iiih'  of  hoxe 


aretiillv    senire.l    witli    mh 


I 

and    the 
iloi'h.       I'li't 


il',.|. 


iUli'Is 


mil  the  door  sit  eight    or   ten    Kirgliis  watching 


ween    them 
their 


pria'eeililii.'s  with  gna 

a  u'roiip  of  wonnii,  with  tl 

lix.'d  on  the  siranger. 


at  iiilerest.      Outside  tln'door  wen 


I'k 


'Ves  iiitpiitlv 


Next     fi 


ll     a     trial    of    the     stranger's     ]iistols 


Having  declined  the  jirotfer   of  a  kid  for  a  target,  Mr. 


'ii  i 


it 


i     il 


*!l 


ITO 


ALL   ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


Atkiiisiui  timk  ik  leaf  t'i-<i|ii  liis  .xkrirli  InHik,  liiuili'  a 
mark  in  the  n'litri',  ami  tlicii  tiniiiiii;  ruiiiiil  at  tit'tri'ii 
|mr<'N  sent  a  Imlli'l  tliioii^'li  it.  'I'lii'  Sultan  anil  liis 
IVirnil  tliiiii^lit  tliis  a  trifk,  and  a  woniK'n  liowl  was 
fctriiril,  wliirli,  lirin;;  jilari'il  nn  n  stirk,  Mr.  Atkinsim 
sent  a  linllft  tliriini,'li.  Tlif  linlr.x  witi-  exaniinnl  with 
^ri'at  tail',  oni*  man  i'la|>|iiiiii;  llic  Imwl  un  lii.s  licail  t<> 
st't'  wlifi'i'  tilt!  Imli'  wiiiilil  lie  niai'ki'il  on  his  tin'i-hi'ail. 
The  Irilir  lioinjf  a  inl'licr  oiii'  in  n'|inti',  tlif  li's.s(ni  wa.s 
not  tliriiwn  awav.      Then  t'nlliiwril    u   Tartar  feast. 

"On  judkiiii,'  niiiiiil."  .savs  Mr.  Atkinsim,  "  I  niiticeil 
that  a  si't    111'  (laiing   t'lliciws  Iim'I    liriii    wati'liinj;   my 
mnvrmi'iits,  also  that  tlir  tattnl  shi'i'|>  ha<l   lici'ii  killcil, 
unil  till'   rrpiist   wmilil   .smm    he   wivm.      'I'wd  hniwny 
I'lHiks    were   skimniini,'     tin;     straniini,'     raiililrnii,    ami 
iitlicr  pir|iarali<ins  wrrr  in  |iriif,'n',ss.    wliili'  iiiiiiilii'is  of 
mt-n,  Women,  ami  ehililreii    wiie  se:iteil  aroiimi  waitiii;; 
tor  tlie  feitst.      As   a    Kiii,'liis  lian(|iiel  is  liir  any  Kuro- 
{leaii  :tii   e.vtrHnrilinaiy    eM-nl,    I    shall   emliMvuiir    tn 
ilesrrilie   ime   at    wliieli      I      was    the    finest   nt'  Siiitaii 
|{as]iit.sihaii,       'Die     party     »ere     tar     ton     niiim'roiis 
to   he    lU'eonininilateil     in     his    yiirt.       A    linkharian 
carpet     waa    spreail     mitsiile,    nn      wliieli      he    ])laeeil 
me,    taking?    his    seat    near.       A    small    spare    in    tVniit 
of  the   Sultan     was    let't   elear,     ami    aronml    this   the 
men  se.iteil   themselves  in    ciieles  —  the   elili'r,   or   more 
clistinj;nis'a>il  memliers  ot  the  trilie,  nearest  liis  |ier.siiii; 
there  were  moi'e   than  lit'ty  men,  wuineii,  ami   eliiliheii 
a.s.semliiei|  in  front  of  their  liiit.s.      'I'lie  hoys  .s;it  liehimi 
the  men  ;   the  women  ami  j,'irls  oiviipied  the  la.st  jilaee, 
exeeptin;;    the    doys    who    wire    sta;i(lini;  al    a   slnat 
ilistimee,    apparently   ipiite  as   mueh   intereste.l   lus   the 
lest.      When  all    were   seated,  two    men    laiiie  into   the 
inner  eirele,    eaeli     h.i\iii;;  a    east  iron     ve.s.si>|,     slia|iiil 
Moinethins;    like    ii    eotl'ee  pot.       One    approiielied     tlu' 
Sultan,   the  other  myself,  and  poured  warm  water  upon 
our  hands  :    hut   e.ieli    person    must    provide    his  own 
towel.     This  eereiiiony  wa.s  perloriiied  for  every  man, 
from   the  Sultan  to  the  herdsm  'ii       'I'lie  women  and 
the  i,'irls  were  left  to  do  it   for  themselves.      The  ahlu- 
tioiis  liaviii;;  lieen  performed,  tlu'  eooks   liroiii;ht    in  the 
smoking  vessels  piled  up  with  heaps  of  Imiled  mutton. 
One     wa.->     plaeed    hetweiii    the    Sultan   and    myself 
filled     with     mutton     and     lioileil     riee.        Kach     man 
drew   his   knife    from    its    sheath,    dispeiisiiii;    eiitinlv 
with    plates.      The    si;,'nal     haviiij;    heeii    i,'iveli     to    fill 
to,   many    hands    were  s|H'eilily    dip)ii(l   into  the   other 
tray.s.      The  Kirj,'liis  who  sat  nearest  the  trays  seleeted 
the  thinijs  he  liked  liest,  and  after  eatini;  .i  part,  handed 
it   to    the    mail   sitting  hehiiid  liiiii  ;   when  again  dimi- 
nished,  this    was  jiitssed  t<i  a  third,  tlii-ii  to  the  hoys  ; 
and   having  riin   the  gauntlet   of   all   the.se   hands   and 
iiiontlus,  the  liones  reaeli  the  women  and  ^irls,  divested 
of  nearly  every  jiartich   of  t'ood.      Finally,  when  these 
|M.or  ereatiires  have  gnaw.'d  till  iiutliing  is   left   on    the 
lioiie,    it  is   to«.sed  to  the  doi;s.      While  the  dinner  w.is 
pro;;resiiiiig,  I  oliserved  three  little  naked  urehins  eree|>.  i 
iiig  iiji  towards  our  howl  t'rom  l.ehind  the  Sultan.  who>e 


I  to  aeeompaiiy  me  to  another  n-ul  of  liis  own,   nearly  n 

'  day '.s  journey  distant,  in  the  diieetion  we  must   travel. 

We  wereal.so  to  have  a  hunt  with  the    l»'aieoote,    that 

I  might  see  their  sport,  as  we  should   have   plenty  of 

Liimeon  our  way.      The  gunpowder  and  the  had  whieh 

'  I  had  given  to  his  men  had   lirought   this  alioiit.      lie 

was  also  desirous  of  .seeing  a  hoar  li'mt,  and  witnessing 

the  etli'i'l  of  our  rifles  oil  the  liristl\  .iiiimal.      Ihiring 

the    eM'iiiug   the  .Sultan  asked  if   I   wmilil   permit  two 

;  of  his  Kirghis  to   go  witli  me   to  Sultan  Saheek.     He 

wished   to   .send   a  present   of  a  tine  young  stallion  to 

his   friend,   wlnrhhe    thought    would  he   |H'rteetly  .safe 

i  under  our  e.'-eort        The    lueuiacy    and    range  of  our 

lilies  h.'id  impi'e.s.sed    upon    him  a  very  high  notion  of 

the    power    we    possessed    to    repel    the    attaek    of  aiiv 

]>lumlei'eis,  and  he  thought  it    prohalile  that  we  might 

meet  with  .some  of  them.      Sim  ral    skins  Were  spread 

for  me  in  the  Sultan's   yiirt,  on  whieh   1  slept  .soiimllv. 

'  Soon    atlir   d.iylmak  we  were  all    up  and    making 

preparations  for  our  departure.      Horses  were  standing 

leaily  saihllid.  and   e\eiylliiiig   indieated  a  luisy  seeiie 

I  saw  two  K  irgliis  oeeiipied  with  the  heart te  and  the 

fileon.  Having  finished  our  inoining  meal,  horses 
wfie  hroughl  for  the  Sultan  and  my.self  1  was  to  he 
mounted  to  ilay  on  one  of  his  hest  steeds — a  line  dark 
gray  stood  eliamping  my  Knglish  hit,  whieh  he  tliil  not 
appear  to  relish.  All  my  party  Wfie  inoiinteil  on  the 
Sultan's  horses  ;  ours  lia<l  heeii  .sent  on  to  the  a  ill, 
with  a  party  tif  his  people  ami  three  of  my  Kalmucks. 
When  mounted,  I  hail  time  to  e.\aniine  the  party. 
The  .Sultan  and  his  two  .sons  ri>ile  lieaiilifiil  animals. 
The  eldest  lioy  earrieil  the  faiion,  whieh  was  to  (ly  at 
the    leatliereil    g.inie       A     Will  nioniiteil    Kirghis   held 

the  lieal'i te,  ehailied    to  a    perch,  whieh  was   secured 

into  a  socket,  on  his  saihlle.  'I'he  eagle  had  shackles 
and  a  hood,  and  was  perfectly  quiet  ;  he  was  under  tliu 
chargt.'  of  Iwti  men.  Near  to  the  Sultan  wtiv  his 
three  hunters  or  giiardo,  with  their  litlc.s,  and  aroiinii 
us  Wfie  a  liaiid  of  aliiuit  twenty  Kir;;lii.s,  in  their 
liright  coloured  kalats  :  more  than  hall  the  iiiimlH'r 
were  armed  with  haltlt  axes.  Taking  Us  altogether, 
we  were  a  wihl  lookini;  group,  wIupiii  most  |H'op|e 
wiiiild  r:itlier  Ixlitild  at  a  tlistaiice  than  come  in  contact 
with. 

•'  We  liegaii  our  march,  going  nearlv  due  east  ;  tin: 
Sultans  three  hunti  is  leailing  the  Nan,  followed  hy 
his  highness  and  myself;  his  two  sons  and  the  eagle 
hearers  iiiimiMJiately  hehind  us.  with  twn  ol  my  men 
in  eloM'  attendance.  A  ride  of  ahoilt  t  Wti  lioUI's  liioMght 
IIS  to  the  hank  of  a  stauiiant  river,  fringed  with  iitils 
and  Imslies,  where  the  Sultan  expectetl  we  should  timl 
^'ame.  We  had  not  ridden  far  when  we  iliscovi  retl 
trac-es  of  the  wihl  hoar-  large  jdots  having  heeii 
ri'ctiitiv  ]i|oui;licd  up  ;  this  gave  us  liopcs  of  sport. 
Our  rilles  Wfi-e  iiiisliing,  and  we  spread  tint  our  jmrty 
to  la'at  the  grolintl. 

"  We    had    not    gone   far  when    several    large   titer 


shed 


attention    was  ilirected    towards  t 


le   ciiilcs   Ml    front,     over  the  plain  alioiit 


1,'isl  a    pittinu 


lint  ot    the  It 


ami  tionmleil 


three  hundred  vaids  from  U8.     In 


I  heir  little  eyes  anxiously  wati'lietl  his  niovfuieiit.s,  an  instant  the  hearcoote  was  iinliooded  ami  hisshackits 
mid  when  sutlicieiitly  near,  their  hands  clutched  .1  |iieci!  reniovt'tl,  when  he  sprung  from  his  |H>rcli  and  soiiiftl 
ol  mutton  from  the  tray.  They  then  retreated  in  the  high  into  the  iiir.  I  wattdied  him  ascentl  ns  he 
same  stealthy  manner  hehind  a  heap  of  voiloeks,  and  ,  wheeled  round,  and  was  iimler  the  impression  that  he 
devouretl   the  spoil,      I  saw  this  repeattd  two  or  three    had  not  seen  the  animals  ;   hut  in  this  I  was  inislak 


til 


lies,  and  A-as  highly  .luiused  hy  theii 


lesired  'he  < 


He  had  now  risen  to  a  eoiisiih  rahle  height,  and  seemed 


le  < 'os.sack  to  infoiin  ISaspasihaii  of  my  |  to  jioi.se  himself  for  ahoiit  u  liiinnte.  after  this  he   gave 


intention   to  visit   his  friend    Sultan  Saheck,  ami   that     t 


■We  should  surt  iu  tLo  luurnina.     He  at 


wo  or  tlirei 


11: 


once  proposetl    a  straight  liiit?  towards  Ins  prey 


ith  I 

lis  111 


us  Willi's,   anil    swiiopei 


I 


d   oir  ill 


coulii  not  peri.five 


me 


^*qp 


DP   AND  DOWN  THE  AMOOR. 


271 


ii'iiiiiiil 
tlii'ir 
iiiiiIht 

.'i'IIht, 
|«o|,|,. 
lltiU't 

;  tilt! 
■.I  liy 
■ajjlf 

IIK-Il 
irmijflit 
inds 
lilicl 
>\)  ii'il 

ln'CIl 
S|Hl|t. 

Jimty 

lllc  T 
illllilril 
IH.       Ill 

iiicklf.s 

NllJlll'll 
lis      111' 

liat  ill' 
taken. 

■•■liifil 
piv.- 

>tr  in 
ri:eive 


that  his  «rinv;s  mnvo.l  Inl  In-  wciil,  at  i  Ifii't'iil  siii'i-.l 
Tlii'i'i'  Wiu-i  a  slioiii  iiikI  ii.v.iy  Wi'iit  his  kc 'iicrs  at  full 
Kalii>|i,  fi;!!-.!W<Ml  liy  iii.iiiy  otliiTs.  I  ijavi'  my  ii'ivso  liis 
liciil  imil  a  tiiiicli  III'  till'  wlii|i  ;  in  a  t'<'tv  iiiiiiiitc^s  hu 
cjtmiid  nil'  til  till'  fi'iiiit,  ami  1  wis  riiliii'.;  iii!:k  atnl 
liei^k  with  mill  ot"  llii' kisi-piM's.  Wli  ii  wi-  Wi'n- al>  mi 
tv/ii  hiiiiili'oil  yai'iU  nil',  till!  Iii'ii'i'iiiiti'  sM'iu^k  jii-i 
[ii'iiy.  Till'  il"i'i'  i;avi)  a  li  niinl  fni'w.ii'l  ami  li'li.  Tlu' 
'rirai'i'iiiiti'  liail  sinii'k  mii'  lalmi  iiiiu  his  in'rk,  tin' 
iilluT  iiil'i  his  liiek,  aii'l  with  his  lii'ik  was  li'ii'iii:.r  mil 
till' aiiiiu  lis  livi'i',  I'lir  Kii'^his  sjumii^  I'rmi  his  h  ir-,iv 
s!i|i|ii'il  llii'  hull  ovur  till'  i'i.;l.''s  hi'ail,  aiil  tin-sliai'kli's 
ii|i'm  his  li'ijs,  an  I  ri'iii  ivi  I  liim  trmii  his  pn'y  with  nit. 
liilliiMiity.  Till!  ki'i'|ii'i'  111  Mint.i'.l  his  horsi!,  his  assisiant. 
|ilaro  I  till'  liL'an.'oiitu  nu  his  |i;'i'oh,  ami  hi'  wisi'i'uly  t'ui' 
aiiuther  lli;;lit.  Vu  dn^s  ai'.' t  iki'ii  mit  wlii'ii  hiititin^ 
wit!;  tlii'i'iii;!!.' ;  tiioy  w.nilil  In'  'li'sli'.iyuil  m  a  risrtaiiitv  ; 
inili-iiil  the  ICirt;his  assi'i-t  tiial  hit  will  attu'k  ami  kill 
tlio  wolf  K  ixi;s  ari'  huntuil  in  this  way,  an  1  m  my 
art!  killml  ;  tin-  wihl  i;iial,  ami  h-ssi'i'  kimis  of  i|''i',  an- 
also  taki'ii  in  i'  nisi.l TaMe  nnmli  ts.  \Vi-  hail  not  a  uii- 
fir  ht'foi'ii  a  liunl  i-i  sin  ill  .iiit 'lii|i -s  w.'i',' sti-ii  to'iliir^ 
on  till!  |il.iiii.  A<{iiii  till!  I>ir<l  soan'il  ii|i  in  I'ii-r'.i's.  as 
l«'foiH) — this  tiiiii!  I  tlniii,'lil  ti  a  ni'i'atrr  ithtva'ioii  — 
uiiil  a){aiii  III*  iimlr  tin'  fitil  swiip  at  his  iiiti'iiili!! 
vbtilii,  ami  tin-  animal  was  il'il  In'l'on'  Wr!  roai'lu- 1 
liiiii.  Till'  lii-arcooti'  is  niiiTrin^  in  his  lli^lit  ;  iiiiIdss 
till'  aninnl  can  iMitapi!  into  lioii's  in  lln-  n^ks,  iis  tlu' 
fox  iloi!s  s  Miii!tinii!s,  ili'.iili  is  Ins  ir'i't  liii  il  ciin. 

"Our  lioi'si's  wi'ii' now  put  iiUi  a  i;allo|i,  ami  in  :i 
/ilioH  tinii'  WH  wiii'i!  sittiii:;  in  llii-  Sultan's  yurt,  wlii'ii 
kniiiis  was  hamli'il  roiiiil  in  lai'<{i>  howls.  1  aukiiow 
h'<i<>i'.dapr«rerence  f  >r  ii!,i  ;  whii'ii  was  sudu  pri'iiari!  I ; 
hut  as  till!  Kir^his  sat  watvrhiiii;  im-  drink  it,  I  was 
I'onviiineil  tlmy  thought  tiii'  a  r  im|ili'ti'  liarliarian,  ami 
pitii'il  my  w.int  of  t;Lsti'.  I'rrs 'iitly  smokini;  pi  ittiti's 
of  niiiltoii  were  l(roii.(ht  in.  ami,  juilijiii.;  Iiy  llu-  i|iiiii 
tity,  sprelily  eonsuini'l,  imli'i'il.  my  impr 'ssion  w.is 
that  it  wonlil  In-  ililHriilt  to  timi  huni.i'i's  with  li'tlcr 
appi'titi'-s.  It  Wiisjusl  link  wlii'ii  this  m'll  was  cmloil, 
ami  in  a  short  tiun-  all  wi'i'i'  sli'epiii'4  souinlly. 

"Just  as  the  day  diwii>>il,  I  tiirin'd  out  to  examini' 
our  rosition,  '.'.'hi'ii  I  disoovi'ri'd  the  simwy  peaks  of  tin- 
SyiMi-shaii.  They  appi-ai'i'd  I'old  and  nlio<t  like  aijiinst 
the  elear  lilue  sky  ;  presently  they  were  tip|ied  with 
the  sun's  rays,  and  shone  forth  like  ruhies,  I  sat  on 
the  jrround  watehiiig  the  .'hanijes  with  niiieh  interest, 
till  the  whole  landscape  wa.s  lii;h'el  up.  Iiiuiie  liately 
near  iiie  "Vius  ii  Imsy  .scene — -iiii  one  side  tli-  men  were 
inilkini;  tie  mires,  to  the  nnnihei' of  more  thin  one 
hundred,  and  carrying  the  leathern  p;iils  of  milk  to 
the  kiiinis  ha-j;  in  the  yurt;  the  youns;  foals  hciii'..; 
secured  in  two  loii^j  linen  to  pegs  driven  into  the 
ground.  Ill  front  and  on  the  opposite  side  the  women 
were  milking  cow.s,  sheep  and  go  its,  ami  at  a  little 
distance  iHtyond  these  the  camels  were  suckling  their 
young.  Around  the  a-iil  the  stepp-  wius  lilled  with 
animal  life.  The  Sultm  told  iiie  that  there  were 
more  than  two  thoii.san  I  horses,  half  the  iiumher  of 
cows  and  oxen,  tw.i  hundred  and  eighty  cainels,  and 
more  than  six  thou.sand  sheep  and  goats.  The  s  'ri'iims 
of  the  eiiuels,  the  bellowing  of  the  liiills,  the  iieigliing 
of  liorse»,iiml  the  hleatiii:;  of  sheep  and  go  its.  toriiie  1  a 
INlstoral  chorus  such  ;ia  I  liad  never  hear  1  in    Kiirope. 

A  rapid  ride  ovr.  ..  gr.Lssy  steppe,  and  ,i  -ross  a  river 
bed,  ahiiig  a  road  of  stones,  as  if  in  le.id  iiiiiscd,  led  to 
the  a  111  of  iinothor  Kirghis  chief,  where  they  spent  a 
hospitable  uij^ht,  and   in   the   uioruing  resuineil   their 


Jiiuniev  over  a  siiidv  waste,  on  one  portion  of  which 
grew  a  fertile  crop  of  t  iraiitulas.' 

.Vfter  riding  until  Iw  i  ocloek.  the  Kir^'liis  escort 
haltilto  III  iki!  a  dinner  of  snioki'd  hoi.se  lliisli,  which 
they  all  ate  with  great  relish,  .Mr  .Vtkinson  diniiiL;  on 
lir  lile  I  mutton  and  a  i\-\v  gl  isscs  of  tea.  They  spent 
a  night  oil  the  stepp  !<,  e.iiiipin.;  out.  and  supped  oil 
pile  us  lilts  The  wonder  of  the  next  day  wius  Mine 
curious  ridges  of  red  i,'i'aiiit,e,  rising  iiliruptly  from  the 
plain  seven  m  i'i'.;lit  hundred  feet.  They  were  liroken 
into  v.irv  rugged  and  picturesipie  shapes,  and  stood 
out,  oil  these  v.isl  stepp  ■;,  like  ruilli'l  castles  of 
coloss.il  diiii'iisions  I'lie  tribes  of  (Central  .\sia  feir 
to  piss  inaiiv  of  til -se  |ilai''4.  and  invest  them  with 
siipei'stitious  horrors.  One  riihge,  pas.sed  by  the  parly 
tlUs  d  ly,  w.is  111  ir,'  like  the  ruins  of  .some  vast  city 
than  I  mount  iin  .■  there  were  isolated  pillars, — huge 
inas.ses  like  til!  broken  shafts  of  columns  ;  walls  rising 
up  to  .1  greit  elevation,  pierced  with  large  liiciilar 
.ipertiires  and  en  ir  u  ms  blo-ks  heaped  aroiiml,  tiiriiiing 
a  coiuplctii  cha  IS.  Mr.  .Vtkiiison  proposed  to  stop 
.ml  explore  this  wonderful  scene,  lint  the  Kirghi-s 
sto  111  aghast  ;  and  wlieii  they  saw  him  .sketch  it,  ihey 
lo  iked  as  if  they  expect 'd  to  sec  Shaitaii  and  his 
legions  ihrc.iteii  them  fioiii  the  mighty  walls. 

I'lissing  tiiese  ridges,  and  sighting  some  salt  lakes 
at  a  distaiici!,  they  struck,  towards  the  evening,  mi 
the  »-ul  of  Sultan  Oiii  Jass,  of  which  they  were  in 
.search.  A  Kirghis,  having  ridden  out  to  the  party, 
led  me,  says  .Mr  .Vtkinson  up  to  a  yurt,  where  a  spear, 
with  a  tiii't  of  red  liiir,  w.is  stuck  in  the  ground  ;  and 
aline  old  in  in  was  staiidiii'.;  dres.seil  in  a  rich  silk  k. il.it, 
striped  with  crimson  and  yellow,  tied  round  his  wai!«t 
with  a  gr.!!n  .silk  sc.irf  He  had  a  deep  silk  criiiiMUi 
cap.  titling  d  iso  to  his  head,  embroidered  with  silver, 
and  very  highheele  1  h'atlur  boots.  This  was  Oiii- 
ja.ss,  who  t  ,ok  hold  of  the  reins,  and  held  up  his  hand 
to  help  III!  to  dismount.  He  then  placed  first  his 
right  hail  I  an  I  then  his  left  on  my  breast  ;  after  which 
he  led  111  ■  into  his  yurt.  The  c:irpets  were  already 
laid  down  oi.posite  til'  loor  ;  on  these  he  placed  ine, 
and  would  hue  retired  to  a  voilock  liad  I  not  insisted 
on  his  sitti.ig  beside  me.  In  a  few  minutes  a  bra-ss 
te.i  pit  was  liiMiight  in,  tlien  some  small  china  ,c,i  cup» 
and  .saucers  were  put  on  a  low  table,  anil  placed  before 
us;  a  basin  with  sif,Mi' candy,  and  several  plates  of 
dried  fruit  were  added  A  youth,  about  seventeen 
vears  old.  e.iine  in  and  knelt  down  iH'fi.re  the  table, 
poured  out  the  tei,  and  handed  a  cup  to  me.  and  then 
some  of  the  fruit.  He  performed  the  same  otlice  for 
my  host,  and  rcplenishe  1  our  cups  the  moiiieiit  they 
were  empty  ;  and  w.:  had  the  tea  pot  tilled  .several 
times. 


1  "The  i;ri)imil,"  unv*  Mr.  Atkiiisiii,  "  was  quit.'  (■ovi'reil  willi 
their  «i'hs  mill  liol.'si  "iinl  in  we  reile  dvit  it  in  m.v  of  Ihi'se  ven.i- 
lumis  iiis.ru  iviTi'  liilli-il  hv  mir  Imrsi'S.  It  w.is  .•iirmiis  to  see  tlieni 
In  I  li.'ir  little  lii'i.s.  iiinl  1  .lisin.iiintiil  to  m  .1*.'  ii  n.'^iri'r  .u'liiniinlaiu'e. 
1  ,,i,i.'klv  I'linii'  lip -II  I.  lir.-e  well,  iinlii'iiliii-  a  n.  in.iti.rtiiri'r  niioii 
I.  .Ireat  «'al.'.  I  ilr.'^v  ,nv  l.m-  knife  ami  t.inihe.l  u.  when  i.nt  he 
nislieil.  t'lieil  hi«  l'.in«s  .m  the  sii'el  for  a  nionienl  anil  then  re- 
treateil  into  his  hi.U'  Wliei.  th,'  Kiru'his  ,.I,.i',v.hI  iiie  hiyin  to 
,|;,,  him  ."II,  thev  were  afr.i.l  that  I  sln.iiM  he  hitlei,  hi.  I  i«.k 
,.sn  .-i  .1  eare  to  iu'ei-  ii.v  linger,   hey.in.l    iiis  rea.'h.  n-  hit  Inn. 

„„l  „f  il.,'  smil.  anil  a-ain  he  s|ii'iii.tf  at  the  hlaile,  ev.ilentlv  inm'h 
..„ri>'..,l  at  h,.i..^r  .lislnrlH.il.  Ili«  IlhIv  was  iliii-k  hi'.iwn  xii'  hlink 
,n,l  ;.'rv  n^'lv  beavii..'  h.ni  to  s,.ek  ..r  iUrf  aiinther  .Iwellniu'  1 
„„„.nte:i  mv  h.r..'  a.i.l  h'il  this  ven.mi  n.s  s,.„l.  li.e  kirtfliis 
have  a  are  it'  .lie.  I  ..f  'lese  little  I'ci>lile4,  but  the  sheep  ent  tlieni 
with  imimiiily  iiml  relisli." 


I!    Ii 


I    ,  ! 


' 


873 


AM.    ROUND  TIIK   WOULD. 


"  I  111-  i;'li"-|s  I  Mil  rii'«ilii|  iiil>'  I  III  \  111  I  I  III  II II  ill  II  1 1 1 
«!•  sil  iliiHM.  Si  \i  111  «iir  i|ii%-ii|  ill  ^ilk  knliils,  Mini 
fiiv  ^Kiii  raps,  llir  \iiiil|i  |i:iiii|i'i|  tnt  In  tln"<i'  llii'li, 
|i;iM;lKiii);  III' it   liiiiiMrH'    aiiil     I    »  :is  iinw  iiili  i  iiiril    lluil 

111'     «:IS     Olli    IlLss's     Mill,  ItlsllliM      (111'      xiMtolM      III     (III' 

villi.  I  s;i«  ill. I'  llirli'  «rri'  tllilliv  nlllsiilr,  |H'r|iilii,'  III 
ii(    1I-.   :uiil  liri|iii'iiil\  .iLiii^iiif.'   |il.'n'<"<   (Iml    all   iniu'lil 

K'l    ■■'    *  I'   "  II ■■-(Illlll'     III'    nil      IIIV    |l.lll\     llMll      .MIHMI' 

»iiiiilarii\  (n  lli.'il  iif  till'  Kiri,'liiM  in  la.sliinii.  Iml  imt 
ilii|iiiilll\  aihl  rnlniii'  ;  l>ilt  I  lie  ilillirilKi'  liit  u  I'lli  t  lii' 
K  ilijliis  riiitlliiir  aiiil  iiiiiii'  was  mi  iiiallMil.  llial  llirv 
ll:l<l     lirvi'l-    -.(I'll     allUllilll.'    ill     llli'     sllialli'-l     ili'i;rii'     IT 

M'liililiiiy  it  I  WMii'  a  slnmliiii;  lai  kit  nf  nllr  yn  I'li, 
a  iIhtKiiI  «aiNlri'al  ami  Imiisirs  Iml  \,r\  lilllr  ut' 
till'  latliT  wi'i'i'  Mien,  as  mix  Irys  win-  iiisii'liil  iiitu  .'i 
|iair  III'  Iniii;  sluinliiii,'  lu.i.is,  .'i  |iiiik  laliin  slnil.  with 
till  ii'llur  iiiiiii'il  ilii\>ii  oM'i'ii  small  inik  lir.  ami  a 
l.iri;!'  I'liliiliH'ii  t'l  It  li.'it  tlial  Hi.iilil  .'ii'rimim.iilali'  ilsrlf 
to  all\  s|,:i|i,'.  I'',. I'  .'I  |ii  ihiij  ,i|'  t.illl-  xr.lls  mi  li.lllil'l' 
liail  tiiiii  liril  i!i\  mIm  i'\  li'iks.  aiiil  lln'V  wiH'  li.uiijiii^ 
ilnttii  ill  iii'.i\\  I'lirls  I'liis  was  a  i;ii'al  wnmlii.  .is  .ill 
.11:1  li-   llr.'lil-  W  Itll   I  III  III  Jllr  il.'si'lv    !.|i  i\  ,  II  " 

VlliT  lIll.  till'  ll.in.ll  I V  r  ot'  Ml'  \lkllls.ili  !,i\<'.'<  .'111 
lilt,  list  iiii;  arii'Uiil  lit  iiiaiiv  i|.i\s'  |,.iii  MCJM,  111  a  \isil  tn 
Knillialil.'s.  a  imI.Im'  lint  nt'  tin'  sii'|.|.i's.  m  .'siapi' 
IV.'IM  all  aiiil'iis.'.'iili'  il  li\  liiiii  1. 11  ilii'  I'.iilN.  .'I  M' 
visit  In  Sultan  Salink.  alul  a  |"Uilii\  in  tlir 
iiiirMllniis  ri'ijinii  siliiair  al  .'111  llir  s|.mim  ,.|'  i||,' 
^iiat  iiiMiiiiiaili  Sx  an  Sli.ii',  wlnir  llm  stu|ii  n.I.'iis 
mass  ..f  |l..i;.la  t  •nla  xxiili  its|,  ,ks,  siinw.anil  ulaini-. 
"  liiiirs  lintli  lln'  sun  an. I  ni.'.'ii.  '  aiii'iilinu  In  tin'  i'\ 
|iri'ssinii  nt'  till-  iiilialiilants  nt  llinsn  ii'Lriniis.  ami  w  Im  II. 
NX  Inn  till'  siiii  1,'ni's  ilnw  11.  tlirnxvs  a  xast  slia.lnxv,  a  lnii._' 

illstall.'.  .     .'X.ltlli'     slr|.|„  ,  Till'    Xli'W      tV.'lll     lIlK     Illl^ll 

riili;i'  iMi  ii.ls  a.  i-nss  tin'  x.isi  s|,'|,|„'  i,.  i|n'  Tani,'!!!! 
iii.'iiiilaiiis  .  laii  iliisi'  XXI  Ti'  Inst  ill  lia/r  Tin'  pliiii 
was    s|>r I    .'111    likr    a    iiia|i.    "On    xxlii.li."    saxs     Mi 

Atkllls.'ll,    "   I    i.'lllili'.l    Inlll  liill    lakrs.    si'liin   nt'    ill.' I 

laf^i' iliiin'iismns.  :iml  saw  iiiaiix  .'t'llin  sIh'iius  iiiinniit,' 
nlnlii;    till'    sli|'|.i      liki'  lltll's     nt'sllxil."      liiXIsllui:;    I  lin 

linspitaMi' .'aiii|.  nt' till'  Sultan  t'lii  |a^s  I  ni  ilii'liiiiii.,' 
In  jnin  llii'iii  ami  Si.ltaii  r>as|>asili,'iii  in  an  it  lank  mi 
llir  i-i'Mn  r  I'liitt'  Kniilialilns,  Sir.  .Vlkiiisnii  prni'ii'ili'il 
.'11    Ills     wax     Inxvar.js    tlii>    jiiiiiat    illslii.l         On    tli.ii' 

w.ix    tlii'V  I'lii'niinti'rr.i    a  s.'iii.|  s|..iiii.    , ,(  till'  ^ii'ai 

.iaiiniTS  nt'  llnsc  n  iiniis, 

"Si'i'ii  at'l.  1  rr. 'ssiiii;  il,,.  livi'r'l'arsakliaii,  wn  skiiti'.l 
till'  ■■ili;i  nt' a  I'l  .1  .'liri'iis  Inr  six  t'|-i\l  xii'si,.  ami  wliiln 
riilii.i;  I'll.  I  11.  li, I'll  a  rl.mii  nt'  saii.l  iisini;  liii,'li  iiiln 
tln'air  .  I'UI  lliis  xxassn  I'nimii.'ii  an  ...■.  ur.ii.  .■.  lii.il  I  |i  mi 
11.'  atti  liti.'ii    In   till'    iiiatliT  nil    XM     |.as.i,|    llm   l.i,|..r 

111  lis.    W  111  11    X\|      l-lil    .'I   X  lr\X     nXl'V   till'    s|i'],|„'    I,. I'  si\U     I'l' 

sixiiilx  \ir-Is  I  i,,.vx  saxx  lliil  .1  ilinsn  Mnk  mass, 
"t  t'larliil  a|'|'i  .11:111.  1'.  xxas  r.illini,'  sir.iiylil  inw.mis  iis. 
I'Mi  inlilif;  al'i'lll  a  x.isi  in  wiillli  Tin-  ninliiriit  llm 
Kirnlns  Ik'IiiIiI  II.  Ill  till-  jjnalisi  al  inn  llnx  iiiiiii.i 
llnir  li.TM'S  aiiii  Lralln]'.  .1  Link  mnirr  llm  slinlli  1   .1'  1 1,. 

ici-.is.       I  ami  llinC.'ssM.ks  s| I  wall  liiiiu' lis  .i].|.r..a.  Il 

t'T  a  I'l'xv  iiiiniiii  s.  ami  tlnii  m.nli'  I'ni'  tin'  slinlli-r  nt'  lln' 
li'l'ils.  Tin,'  Kllirllls  li'il  tin'  ll.'ls,  V  Mil.,  llii'  ...xrr. 
SI.  uiiiii;    tlii'tii    last    ami    111  v;iiii;  tin  n.  Inlinilnwii.       It 

w  IS  ii.'i  I..11;;  1.1  |,.r,'  XM-  li.'ar.l  llm  r •  nt'  llm  I' in  in  aim  : 

nil  II  I'aiiii',  nl's.  ur;iii;  llic  sun.  ami  .•:isiihi;  a  ili'i'|'. 
^'i' i  my  si, .,,!,.  ,,»,.,  ()„.  ,'..iiiiirx.  In.il.  w  niinnlis  a 
iiintir  I'last  lushi.i  I'X.  lax  iiij;  ili.'  rt-iils  ami    Imliuslirs 

tilt     .'Xi'l-     ,ls  I',,     j.  ,,k     M|i     xxas     illl|.nssll.li  W|.     XXtTC 

siiiT'  iiii.il. 1  III  a  till,  k  I  Inmi  .1'  ilust        In   lixr   niiniiics 

ll.r    stnllli     |i;t.s».i'.i,    ami     llll'li    1    SilXV     thai     xi  1    liaii  niilx' 


Ih  I'll     xi'ili'.l  1.x    tl liri'  nl'   lln-    rlninl.  :in  it     mllt'il  nii 

'     XXllll    I'l'.llllll    la|i|.lllX  |''nlll|lllll.'lx,    Wn  W.  iV  lint    I'.miilll 

■  III  lln'  sti'|i|ii',  nr  rx.  i\  mill  ami  aninial  wmiM  liaxr 
I  |ii'risln'il.  As  it  w.ni  nil  mln  tlm  ilislamr  il  Innki'il 
'  likn  a  iji'llsi'  Mill  k  1  I I 

I  .M'ti'l-  liis  «',-!  a|M',  tin  X  Miailr  tlii'ir  xxax  In  tin-  a  nl  nl' 
j  Sultan  inik.  xxlimn,  t.i  Ins  slll|ilisi',  lir  tniilnl  In  In' 
'nil   iiiliiis|iiialili'   iiiniiiiili;i'i>ii.      Mr.  .\lkiiis.iii  ttlU  (lir 

slm  V   lis  I'nIlnXXS 

i        "We    linw.    Ill'   saxs.    tniinil    Inwanls    I  Im  xn'sl  waul 

'  ill  siaii  li  nl'  tlm  a  ill    nt'  ."siiltaii    lin  k,  llm    lait;i'st   man 

'  ami  must   xxiallliv   Kiri^liis  in  tlm  Mln|.|'i'N.       Ilf  Inis  trii 

tliniis.iml    linfscs,  ami  rainrls.  nviii,  ami   slnr|i   in   |irii 

'  |initinii  til  this  xast    Imiil,       Il  xxas    tali'  in  tl xi'limi; 

wlii'li  xxc  tniiml  liiiii  ;  |iiilia|is  xxn  ilisliirluil  Ins  slum 
lii'is.  Mini  l.y  SI.  ilmiii;  intlliil  liis  1.  ni|.rr,  lis  Im  was 
i'\i'i'i'iliii;;lv  niii'ixil,  ami  smi  ns  a  sini  p  lli.il  was 
liiM'.i.i'il.  Tliis  was  i|iiiikly  ii'liii  in'l  In  liini  xx  11  li  my 
i'nm|iliiimlits,  ami  11  im'ssan..  hlatiin;  lliiit  xv  "Inl  iml 
i|si' sinli  t'miil,  iini- iliil  XX)'    iri|iiiri'   iinxtliiiiK  limn  liiiii. 

I  ilisii.'ii  llm  Cns.a.  k  (n  s.ix  llial  In'  xxas  tin'  lilM 
.Siilt.in  will!  Ii.nl  l.iliaxi'ii  sn  nii^i'iilli'manly  tnuanls 
nil,  ami  tli.il,  iml  w  il  li -lamlin^  Ins  lai-i;r  Imilx ,  In'  liinl 
llm  Imait  nt  a  im.iiM'  Tins  rmisnil  liiiii  iiitn  liiix.  iiinl 
Imnnliri.l  lis  .iwax,  t  In.  at.  niiii;  tliiil.  it'  we  ilnl  iinl 
iiinxi'  iiisiaiitlx.  Ins  iimii  slmiil.l  iliixc  ns  iiitn  llm  lakr 
llm  t  'n.s.ii  k  rn|.lmil,  lliat  it'  In'  m   any  nt'  Ins  iinii  rami' 

III   11    niir  <'ani|i  x«i'    sln.nM    si I     llmiii.  wlinli    liaxiii^ 

-.11. 1.  Im   lilt    tlm    xiiit.    ami    InM    iis    xxlial    liail    passi'il. 

II  was  lint  Inllj;  ln'tntn  XXI'  |.rriiixiil  lwnj;llls  rnlllin^ 
Inwalils  IIS  II  .'iiliiii;  a  sin  1  |.,  wln.li  llm  Siillan  liail  siliI, 
I  I'l^niiii;  nm  1,1  ai  I  I  |.|  II.  as  ilm  nl  tlm  lust  nt  Ilis  llm  k  ; 
llnx  asslili'il  nm  llial  Im  wi  In  i|  In  |iiiy  lima  xisit.  liail 
.'Mill. I  In  lit  nm  slax  as  l.iiu  .,s  |  liki  il,  ami  pininisul 
In  l;ixi.  III.'  nmli  ami  Imisis  w  In  11   I    Irt'l 

"Ilis  iiiullnii  liixiii:;  In  in  airi|.tiil,  ami  a  iimssa^i' 
iiliMimil  sax  mi;  I  sli.nl.l  l.n  j;lail  In  nriixc  liim,  it 
w.isiinl  Imif,'  I.i'IiiH'  wnsaw  Ins  liiii.'|.  Inilk  ii|i|.|-nailiilin 
mil'  I  ilii|i  III'  salnli'il  nm  l.y  tninliilii,'  llir  1  Inst  in 
tlm  Usual  in.'iiiimr,  iiltir  xxlimli  xxi'siit  ilnxxnnnil  lifraini' 
lininU  111'  illaiik  Ira  willi  iim.  ami  ii  inaim  il  In 
|.:iltaki'  nl  liisi.wn  mnllnii,  ami  xxlnln  tins  xxas  |in. 
paiini;,  Im  milinil  lus  j....  1  in  sini;  tm-  iis  'lln-  man 
nlii'Xi'il.  ami  I'li.inli'il  Iniili  smi^s  ilis.  1  ilnnj;  tin- 
|.r..xxi'ss  ami  sn.  insstnl  I'lnmlrrini;  r\|  1  .III  nns  ..T  my 
li'.sl    .111.1   Ilis    amrslnl's.    wlllill   ralliii    Imlli  tlminltis    nl' 

.■i|.|.liiiisi'  tr.'iii  ill.  nil. I-  .\tlir  si'iiiiliiij;  mnri'  tlian 
ixMi  linnis  111  llm  i..|ii|.aiix  nt  llm  .'^iiltaii  ami  liis  l.anl, 
xxi' s,  |.ar;.l.  .1  nil  II  minllx  l.iiiis  .N.-vt  inniiiin^',  l.i'liiir 
stailiiin.  I  sk.l.lii.l  Siill.iii  Ml  1  k  ami  Ills  lainily.  |',. 
Is  lii'.liiii;  Ills  l..'.iii.'..ii'-  l.iinniif;  Willi  tlm  kiiii;  nt' 
l.ir.ls  1.1  111;,'  Ills  lax  mil  ill'  s|.,, II  (.s,,'|i.  2(!2  1  Kaily 
III  ill.'  mnrniiii,',    1    sinl    •  Aumn  Inl'   ami    ilipaitnl.   at 

lillili'il    liy  tin  111    till'  .Siiliaii  s    nmli  .    i; i    lini-is    liaii 

alsn  lu'iii   Jil'nX  iili  li    " 

I'lm  .11.  li.  xxlii.li  tiirinsllm  liaik  nrmnnl  nl' niii  illin 
tiai'i'ii.  Is  iini  nil  tin"  .sti|.|<'s.  I. Ill  si'Xi'ial  Inimliiil 
iiiilis  tiiilli<r  In  tin'  Wist,  im  tin'  xxav  tnxxaiils  Irkutsk. 
amliiiar  llm  "  N.iik  a  ilal  an,  '  n  "  mniintainnx  ir  w  liirli 

II  is  iiii|...ssil'li'  In  II. li"  .Mr  Atkin-nii  liiM-ril'i  s  tli«x 
ai.li  .IS  l.'ll.'ws.  ".Vti.r  inline  linxx  11  a  stri'|i  lii'sriiit 
mm  tlm  laxiiic,  I  I'aiim  iipmi  a  iialiinil  iirrli  in  a  ijri'Ht 
iiia.ss  nl'  linnslnim;  t'lirtlmr  ilnxxii  tinTr  an-  m'VituI 
I  axiriis,  Init  nl'  im  j,'ri'at  nxtnil.  I'art  nf  tin'  Ini'ii 
xxi'iit  nil  t'l  till'  Irkiit.sk.  ami  txxn  rrmaiiii'il  xxilli  liu- 
xxliili'  1  skill  lii'il.  My  Murk  xxas  marly  ri.ii.|'li  tnl 
w  lull  \xi'  xx  I  IT  start  li'.l  Lv  a  riisliini;  .si.iiml  fmni  al.nxe 
Us,   \xliii-ii   I'oiitiiiuril    I'nr    tlm   .sjiimi-    nt'  txxo    niuailc* 


.  III!  II 
il  l<ti:lllll 
.:illi..l    t. 


>   \\:ls    pi  I' 


■  ii>  i'l  my 

llllilils    lit' 


■  ik'H'  tiJMii 


L'.  li.tolf 

kiiii;  ot' 
■      lOiilv 
iliil.    :il 
'I  -I-    ll:lil 


IniiMlr..! 

Irkul-k. 

I  I   «  lllrll 

nil  -  llio 


III    ;i    LTIrKt 


It  lit'    lllfll 

luitli  III)' 
pl.'tnl 
iilM.>e 

I  IIIIIIUlCI) 


2 


ill 


i    I 


!■ 


OP  AND   DOWN  THR  AMoOR 


vr. 


wl\»'ii  il  Kiiililoiily  c«>i(»i'c|,  fdlliiwt'il  siiinn  iiinnii'iiH  nt'lcr 

hy  a  Icrrilili"  I'Dish,      •  M t'  lln' < 'cwsiirl<>   --iPiiiiii;   ii|i, 

mill  Miiil  li  iiiiiiiiihiiii  liml  rnlli'ii.  It  uiis  an  :i\  aliiiii'lii' 
wliirll  liail  MWi'pt  iluuii  tin-  .liJr  iiikI  It-itpril  illtii  nlic  'if 
tlic  gnrKi'H.  " 

IV.— Til K  LAKK  BAIKAL. 

In    the   iiiiiinilaiiic'iis  |ilaiii.->  •>(  Ci'iilnil  Aiiii   (iis  in 

(/I'lilnil  Alrira.  ai nliii;,'  to  tin'  lalf^l  ilisiiiviiii's)    ari' 

gifiit  liki's,  Ml'  ^i<{aMlii'  taniM,  tiiriiiiil  liv  li'i'iiiriiilniix 
rifts  ill  llir  I'litli,  |iiui|ii((M|  liy  vnliaiiii' ijistiii-liaiii  rs  ; 
iillt  (if  tlii'-^i'  laki  '  !!'>»'  I'ivi'i's,  ilnvMiwanl  fluiii  ritlnr 
siili',  Hi>iiii'liiii>'K  many  iniiiili'iil  iiiiirK  in  cxtriit.  ui'iiiiiL; 
H  rii^gi'il  lii'il  tlir<iii:,'li  t!iii  iiiuiiiilaiii  I'liaiii,  ami  llii'iii'i' 
witiiliiii;  many  liiiniliiMln,  in  mhih'  instaiiri'M  iiioii'  than 
II  tlionsanii,  iiiiirs  tn  tl  <'  oi'i'iin  on  I'itliii'  sliorr.  Tliiis, 
in  Afrira,  it  is  imaL;iii'I  tliat  tln^  Nile  IIowh  into  tlic 
.Mi'iliti'rraiii'aii  from  sonif  ;,'ii'alrr  iiiuiT  wati'i',  wliirli 
on  till)  olliir  side  tlii'ows  ijouii  an  t'ljiial  I'liaiiiii'l  to- 
wai'ils  till'  lii'liaii  Sra,   if  not  ixaotly  into  tin'  Mo/,am- 

liii|ii('  clianin'l.      Hut  tln'si-  ar iii|i'rtiii'i's  of  ;{i'o)j;rH' 

pliiTS  to  lie  lii'l'i-nfliT  iraliMi'il  ;  tin'  tnliiii'  lii;,'li\vay  of 
civilisiitioii  in  yrt  not  opi'iiiil  to  iMinmi'icial  [iliilan- 
tliio|iisls.  CiTlain  it  is,  liowi'Vi'f,  that  from  ihi'  l.aki' 
Itaikal,  of  which  wi-  j^iM' (Ni'f  |i.  "_'7fl)  an  rxart.  llioiiuli 
|iirtiir('si|iii',  ri'iifi'si'iitatioii,  tin-  l!i\rr  Aiiioor  llows 
(thr  ronni'ctioii  lii'iii;{  tliroiit;h  a  small  rivi'r  or  Irilni-  ' 
tiiry,  tilt'  St'li'inja)  oil  oiii'  siili'  d'lwii  to  tin;  I'a.ific  ami 
till'  .lapan  Islaiuls  (a  i-oiirsc  of  L'.lllO  mill's),  whili'  on 
thi'  other  till"  Angara,  passin;.'  into  thr  ^'i'iiis>ri,  pro- 
ccnls  liy  a  roiirsi'  of  ni-irly  l.',."inii  milis  iioitjiwarcl  to 
the  Iniliaii  ( lo-aii. 

Nr.xt  to  till'  CiLspian  Soa  and  Liki-  Aral,  tlic  Itaikal 
Ijnko  is  the  lari,'i'^t  of  tin!  oM  Contini'iit,  ami  it  is  the 
mo.st  ri'inark.'ilih',  a.s  hrin;;  a  inoiiniain  lakiv      .Modirii 

ISu.s.<iiaii  ai nuts   m.-tki-   It  al'oiit    4IMI    mill's  Ion;;,   liiit 

its  widi'st  part,  lictwccn  the  iioiilii'in  i-xtrt'inity  of  tlio 
islainl  of  Olkhoii  and  the  mmith  ot' i  he  rner  l>ai;,'nsiii, 
is  not  more  thin  ahont  .'il'  inile-i  ;  and  lietween  the 
mouth  of  the  ."^ejeni;.!  .Hid  thevivnl.t  r'ilL;ilhlelkli,i.  the 
two  shores  are  only  L'H  miii>  di>laiii  troiii  one  another. 
Its  total  eireiimferenee  is  .-..li'l  ii'it  to  fall  short  of 
l.l'tlll  miles.  Its>iirfaei'  is  ealcnlated  Ky  l!er;.'liaiis  to 
rover  14. '"*•"•  .sipiire  miles  Like  mo>t  alpine  l.ikes,  it 
is  very  deep,  with  the  exieptioii  of  a  lew  traels  aloii;; 
the  shores,  and  .■^oiiio  hays,  where  it  is  eoiiiparativi'ly 
shallow,  the  liottoiii  li.-is  not  lieeii  reaehed  hy  a  line  of 
KM)  fathoms.  The  rivers  and  rivulets  that  empty 
themselves  into  the  lake  are  very  numer'ms  ;  on  a 
iliart  piililishi'il  iiy  the  Uiissiaii  government  some  \e,irs 
a;{o,  1(10  are  inserted.  The  only  oiittlow  is  hv  the 
Aii;;ara,  a  trihntary  to  the  Yeiiis.sei,  and  the  provin- 
oial  capital  Irkutsk  is  not  far  from  where  that  riv'T 
takes  its  departure  from  the  lake.' 


Tliesiiria f  (he  lake  is  Kftid  to  \>r  l'!'-''  (ecldhovo 

the  sea  ;  and  IIiIh  incoiinls,  in  a  u're.it  decree,  for  tlio 
seMiiiv  of  the  seasons  on    its  shores,   and    the   whole 

ixleiit   of  its  hasiu.     The  sii r  is  very  short,  nnd 

the  nights  are  cold  and  otleii  liosty  ;  sometimes  il 
lH'i;ins  to  snow  in  August,  mid  always  in  Septenilior. 
Ice  is  alwiys  foiinil  in  the  lio 's  and  ni'iiiives,  even 
during  suminer  heat.  The  lake  it-elf  is.  however, 
never  I'overed  with  ice  helole  the  llli'ldle  of  I ),  cnilier, 
often  onlv  in  the  iM';;iniiini;  ■■!  dann  iry,  which  must  lii> 
a.scrihi'd   to   its  «real  ilepili   and   its    tioiiMcl   surface. 

() I  frozen,  it  remains  so  t'or  a  length  of  tune  ;  and  it 

may  he  traversed  on  sled'.;es  up  to  the  end  of  .\pril,  or 
even  the  lM';,'iiiuin^  of  .May. 

This   severity  of  the  seasons    lendeis    ih untries 

ahoiit  the  lake  iinalih)  to  maintain  a  numerous  popiila 
tioii,  luit  still  the  popiilation  is  less  than  we  should 
suppose  it  to  he,  eM'li  takiiis;  the  climate  into  ac- 
count This  scarcity  in  population,  however,  is  not  to 
he  attrihiited  entirely  to  the  want  of  productive  powers 
in  the  eoiinliy  it.self  hut  to  the  late  periml  in  which 
a;,'riculture  was  introduced,  and  the  slow  pid;;ii-.s  of 
that  art  in  old  couiiliie>.  V'et,  strange  to  .^ay,  there 
are    in    many   places    umloiilitcd    siyiis    that,   at    .some 

I te   peiioil,  this  country  was  cultivated  with  care 

hy  .some  unknown  iiition,  which  also  worked  the  iioii 
and  copper  mines. 

Its  name  appears  to  have  liccii  dcri\cj  from  the 
language  of  the  Y.ikuts,  who  once  iiihahitcd  it>  kIioI'i's. 
and  who  called  it  JJaya  Ixahl,  the  great  sea,  or  li.iN 
Kalil,  the  rich  sea.  The  liiissians,  who  navigate  it, 
speak  of  it  with  respectful  awe,  and  call  it  Svialoi 
.More,  or  "  Holy  Sen  ;"  a  name,  |M'rliaps,  originating 
in  (he  circumstance  that  the  Jhiriats  \ised  to  ci  hliriKe 
llieir  great  annual  sacriliee  on  the  Island  of  Olklmn 
in  this  lake.  The  (JhincM'  call  it  I'e  liai,  or  the  Sea 
of  the  North  ;  the  liuriats,  Dal.ii,  ami  Tunguses,  l.am, 
...■.i:.: .     I    „ 11....: i' .. 


'  "  At  tlio  first  pliiiii'O  i>f  (his  the  liirui'st  t«><ly  ef  fiesli  Mater 
en  till!  uM  cinitiiii'iit,'  say**  (i"Vrrri<n-  .^iiii)>«>n,  in  liis  "  0\-,.ila,  il 
.Icinriii'V  RoMiul  llic  W.irld,"  "  niv  tlmnirlil''  llcw  liMik  ever  my 
still  ri'i'i'iit  tii-itsli'iis  I.I  tli.it  pur.'iit  nC  niiny  ITiikals,  lln'  l.jke 
."^ipi'iiiir  iif  llie  New  W.irlil.  In  iiuti'  |>.i-iIimii  tlii'v  rest  iiililc 
iMi'li  other  ilia  very  rciiiarkalili'  inaiiiiiT.  Teni-liiiii;.  tlion^li  in 
ii|i|Kisite  iliri'i'ticins,  eiie  :iinl  tin'  siiine  |>iinillcl  oC  hititnilc,  liny 
iiri'  iiiti'rsiH'ti'il,  at  tlic  ..ntlct  ef  tin-  Ontarin,  ami  it  tin'  »i'<tciu 
I'Xtri'iuity  of  the  llaikal,  liy  .mic  aii>l  tin'  sann'  lircU'  .if  Innuitnili'  - 
aliniwt  the  very  nnriilian,  liy  tin'  dye.  "f  the  lii',;hcst  ami  Inwcst 
cxlrcinitii's   iMith  nf  .V-ia  ami    A.n.'iiia     •<(  tlic   In'a'l  "I'   Itatlin- 

Hay  Kiiil  nf  till'  wfst.'rn  intr  n f  tin'  Str.ilt  Miit'illei,  nf  C.ipp 

'rayniiii,  ami  nf  til.' sonil..  rii  jHiini  ..f  ilie  |i.'iiinsal.i  nf  .Malacca. 
With  rcsiK'C't   to  tliL' extent  of  I'nuiitry  clraintcl,  lie'    liaikal   has 


a  name   signifying  a  large 


iillecti 


of    water,   or  u 


Sea 


(.'ontraiv  to  what  is  gener.illy  oli-erved  of  iiiountain 
lakes,  the  Itaikal  alicniiicU  ill  tish,  and  fidiii  this  .'-oiirce 
nearly  all  the  iiilialiit.iiils  of  its  shores  derive  siili'-is- 
leiice.  aiicl  even  a  competency.  The  largest  li-h  of  the 
Itaikal  is  the  sturgeon,   which  sonietimcs  weighs  i;i() 


icriainly  llcc  aclvantapi  (if  all  il-c  Aiinricaii  rivals  put  tc.(;i'tl[cr  , 
fur  Hiiile  tin'  lillcran'  pics^cd  in  iviry  clirii'linn  hy  tlic  hritlits 
"f  land,  the  tnnmr  is  feci  liy  its  two  piim'.p..l  tril'iitarii-s  ('■oin 
-.iiirc'c-  clistanl  fmni  cacli  nllicr  in  u  >tnci.;lil  line  lit  least  n  tlinii- 
-ami  miles,  lint  Ilie  Aiipiia  Ins  s  itself  ill  inipraetn'alile  streams. 
»hilelln'St.  I,a"ii'nee,  iiiinn.illy  lieannu'  npwaiiU  nf  a  thmisaiHl 
sea-^nin^  ships  mi  its  iMisnni.  tonus  tin-  rtiaitm-1  nf  cfniiiiniiieiitinii 
lH''weeii  Caiiaila  iiinl  Kiirope  ;  ami  while  iiliiiost  every  .\iiierieiin 
lake  is  tiavci'seil,  Imili  in  its  len-tli  iinil  hreniltli,  hy  inniiiiierahle 
.(e.inihnals  ami  sailini;  ves-cU,  the  llaikal  is  lilil.'  iMtter  ill 
tiatlietlian  a  harreii  nasti",  sarnnimh'il  liy  l"tly  iiioiiiitanis,  whose 
preeijiitoiiH  sides  sink  iitor.ee  into  the  iMittninle-s  waters  ;  it  jsis. 
M's.ses  hilt  lew  liarhnnrs  nr  an.-lnira^e-.  ;  tiirim  d  intn  a  liiij:lli  nf 
tell  times  its  hi-.adtli,  it  is  snhjeet  nt'  eniirse  tn  vi"U  nt  piliN,  which 
hlnw  iilnui;  it  as  tlirnn^li  a  fniinel,  and  to  miiM.  ii  -.pialls,  winch 
svvi'c]!  across  it  as  tln'y  nish  il- .wn  t'rniii  the  delihs-it  its  aiii)ihi- 
tlicati'c of  hilts;  III  d  silinied  in  u  hed  wtiieh  lin.ks  like  (he  work 
i.f  ilie  vnleaii.)  or  llie  earllnpiake,  it  is  slill  lialdt  In  1»'  ilaiipr- 
niialy  airitaleil  wiiliont  any  visihlc  caii.se.  hy  snhteranin'nii  eiier- 
tfies.  The  erat'l  upon  il  ari'  the  most  awkward,  elninsy,  and 
eia/v  tiilis  in  the  world.  I'mh-r  all  these  eirciiinstaiiei  s,  inarlv 
(hn  whnle  nf  thi'  vast,  tratlic,  which  is  carried  on  hetweeii 
Irkutsk  mill  the  re.'iniis  hv\oinl  the  llaikal.  eitlnr  |  as.ses  in 
sled^ies  nver  the  iV'/en  lake,  or  is  conveyed  mnnd  its  southern 
exlr.'mily  liy  rn:.'L'ed  ami  )M'rilo\is  roads,     'J  he  tratlic  in  .|iieslioii 

is  e eteil  p.rtiy    wtlli    me    mines  "f  Nert»'hink,  hul  eliiully 

',  with  till)  natiumil  emiHinuni  uf  Kiachtu." 


J 
;  II 


I  i 


\u. 


L. 

:,,!■; 


i  il 
ii      i 


111 


1 1 


S7ff 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


IhiiiikIs.  Tl;is  tisli  is  riiiiLtlit  dnriiig  tlic  whole  of  i  of  rciiiilfrr,  wliicli  iiri' of  a  wliito  ("olniir,  varoly  spottod, 
Miiiimrr  niul  s;iltril,  iiiid  as  well  as  tin-  iMviaro  and  tlio  and  iicvor  gray,  wliili'  tlioso  wliicli  livi  in  (lie  ni'ijjh- 
isinjjlass  |iri'|iMicd,  tli<'  oiii'  tVoni  tlio  rot>  and  tlic  otliiT    liourinj;  woods   in  a  wiUl  stJite   are  always  of  an  asti 


from  I  lie-  ]>la(i..  r,  is  destined  for  tlie  inarkot.  Omnia, 
a  kinil  of  siiiiiKiM,  arc  tislii-il  in  ininimHO  ijuantitii's  in 
(111'  morllis  of  An^^nst  and  Scptcmlior.  A  sinj;nlar 
(isli  calii'i'  Callyonynins  liaii'alonsis  exists  in  tliis  lake, 
and  wliiili,   i-xi'ejit  the  hi'ad,  ii  very  thin  hack -hone,  tin- 


gray  I'olour. 

'I'Im' eoniineriv  whieh  the  Kussiaiis  carry  on  with  the 
(^liinese  is  i-onsideralily  faeiiitati'd  liy  this  lake.  Tin' 
Itnssian  ^oods  an  earried  from  Irkutsk  tn  Kiachtii 
(the    tradiiiir   em|i.>rinm   on   the    Uiissian  and   Chinesi' 


skin,  ami    the    tins,    eonsistR    only    of  fat,    whieh    sonii  fiontiers)  in  snnniier  liy  small  vessels  an<l  larye  hari; 's. 

dissolves  ovrr  the  lire    into    very   lini"  tr.aiii-oil.      This  ami  in  winter  hy  sledi»es.      Wit  hunt  the  faeility  whieh 

(isli  a|i|iears  to  iidiahit   the  j;re,itest  depths  of  the  l.ikt-,  this  lake  atl'ords  to  the  earryini;  on  of  this  ( oiitiiniallv 

for  sometimes  it  is  thrnwn  np  in  ;;re.it  (|ii,'intities,  and  inereitsin<j    eoinmerce.    it  ])roiiahly  would     lever   havi- 

at  others  it  is   with  ditlienhy  that  even  a  speeinien  ean  risen  to  any  (h'jj;ree  of  importance, 

he  iihttiined.  '       The    eonnlry    round   the    lake    disjii  lys    nneijiiivoiiil 

Tl'e   sea's  with  which    the    lake  ahoniids   are    also  ii  tn.ees  ot' voh'anii' ai, ney.   On  the  eastern  side,  hot  an<l 

sniirce   of  prutit     tn    the    iMhahitanls.      From  I.L'IK)   lo  snlphin-eiais  springs  are  im't  wit n.   'I'he  lake  also  j^ives 


;.(MI(»  are  said  i>>  he  ••innnally  killed,  especially  tin 
yipiiiii;  lines,  whose  soft  skin  is  mnd;  siMight  alter  '<  the 
t'hi'iese.  The  existence  of  the  M-.i\,  iif  siiliuon,  aid  ot 
a  kiln!  .f  sponye  in  this  fresh  water  of  the  Ifciikal,  has 
f,'iven  rise  ti>  iiimh  spiclation  amonj^  natnralists. 
I'allas  ai:d  others  are  iinahle  to  e\|>laiii  this  pheno- 
menon, nlhcrwise  than  on  tl'  supposition  tl  at  the 
l-ike  iif  ll.iikal,  at  some  remote  jieriod,  liiiined  a  jmrt 
uf  'he  Northern  t  teeiili,  or  hy  the  ither  supposition, 
th'.t  these  ;inimiils  were  transporteil  into  the  lake  liy 
s'lmi-  excessive  inundation  of  the  Lena  river,  whuso 
sources  .lie  Mot  tar  from  its  holders. 

The  shori's  of  the  lake  are  lofty,  steep  and  ru;;£jeil, 
in  some  parts  pre.seiitini;  hold  hcaillands  and  deep  in- 
I'.iitations.  The\  ate  also  for  the  most  part  cinered 
»iih  il-iise  t'oiests.  in  which  wolves,  hears,  foxes,  lynxes, 
wild  eats,  ai'd  i;luttiins  are  met  with,  and  otters  aliound 
ill  the  ri\ers.  Heavers  are  al.so  found  in  the  I'pper 
.'Vn;^'ar.'i.  .and  the  elk  .iiid  the  musk-,i;oat  in  alnin.st 
cMiy  district  hi.r.leriiii;  mi  the  lake.  I  >eer  and  slags 
ahoiind  evel  Vttheie  ;  luit  the  rein  di 
with  ill  .1  wilil  st.'te  ill  the  northern  iiiountains.  The 
coiiiiiiiin  hare,  the  mountain  hare,  and  the  |)aiiriaii 
li.ire  .lie  found  in  I'Vi-M  numhers  on  the  plains.  'I'he 
sjihle.  too,  us  Well  as  thi'  hermeline.  ahoiind  oi  many 
distrii'Is.  The  si|uiriel  is  met  with  in  iiicredilile  niini- 
!eis  Soiiietiiui  s  till  y  unite  in  ei)iiip,iiiies,  and  travel 
lliiiiiii;li  the  Woods  and  -teppes,  swimmini,'  over  rivers 
and  tr.iMrsing  the  siiiiimils  of  the  mountain,-  The 
colour  of  the  skin  is  rcddisli  in  summer  .iiid  grav  in 
winter,  .\  l.iige  species,  w  liich  inhahils  the  nortlieiii 
and  eastern  siimes  of  the  like,  assumes  in  winter  a 
silver  gray  colour.  The  species  w  ho,se  skin  sells  highest 
is  111  the  colmir  of  the  sahle  ,..  iimiin'r.  and  lilaek  gray 
111  winter. 

The  Mm  iats,  a  Mongolian  trilie.  rear  lallle  mi  the 
shores  iif  the  lake.  'I'hey  keep  h.ir.ses,  sheep,  lilack 
cattle,  ^oats  and  c.imela.  The  last  are  iiir-t'roiis-  ii, 
.some  -teppes,  and  many  of  them  white  as  simw.  They 
pa,ss  the  wint'  there,  and  live  on  dry  gra,ss  and  .ilim- 
plants.  .\  -••-;,  liiiriat  chief  lia.s  •oiuetime..  1,1111(1 
camels,  .1,11(11)  iiiii-ses,  <.(l(lll  sheep,  and  from  :.,il(l(l  to 
.i    '(HI  head  ot' hlack  ca  tie.  together  with  a  siiiall  iiuni 


up  naphtha  and  petrol, 'ium  .itid  it  is  ]irohiilily  owing  to 
some  such  eruptiins  that  in'ciisionally  larue  ipiantities 
of  the  |ieculiar  lish  liefore  de  ■•ritied  are  thrown  ashore. 
HLirthipiakes  are  also  comiiion,  and  the  waters  of  the 
lake  are  liable  to  suinieu  conimoiionH  on'.ing  from 
hclow. 


'I'lu'v  lire  cliissi'il  iiil<  Innst  anil  dewrt  TungUHi.  Tlie  foruirr 
(K'Cieiy  tlu'iiiKi'lvi'S  ill  lisliiiii;  anil  t!u'  cliii-i',  liiiviii);  lint  low  ri'iii- 
ili'tT  ;  till  l.iiIiT  siilwisl  intirelj-  liy  llni  tiii'i'iliiig  ot' thuw  iiiiiiimlh, 
mill  wiiiiiliT  t'rimi  imstiirc  witli  liu'ir  tliK'ki  tents,  Ac.  A  very 
lew  (if  thi'iii  liavc  ri'ii'iyi'il  liii|iti»in,  llic  rent  ure  iilnlaters.  Tl'i'iV 
lmiKUii);e  JH  siiiil  til  Ik>  .M lint rliu,  t'nim  wliiiin  tlit'v  nil,  no  duulit, 
ilcmi'inleil.  a.s  may  lie  iiii<rri'i\  liv  tlii'  |»'(iiliurity  iif  tlii'ir  i'\  „, 
iM'iii^;  I'liinu'iiloil  ami  liir  apiirt.  Tliey  are  clmriii'liTistiniiJy  liiiiuisi 
anil  riicmlK,  nililiery  iKiiij;  ihiimiIitwI  us  niip«riloimliU'.  A  tniyelici 
iliserilii'S  liiniM<ira,s  ttitiii'ss  iil'  tlicir  liiis|iitiiliiy  nr  iin|iroyiil>.'iic>>,  fur 
lliej  si'ciii  to  liuye  no  lliiiii|.'lit  of  tlio  t'uliiri',  BinltiaTilore  ni|iiillv 
-liaiv  what  tliey  liavi' killinl :  yet  it  is  utrunm'  ''"'t  notliiiig  v,iil 
iniliiiv  tlii'in  to  kill  ii  riimluT  liir  tlieir  own  i'iiii«uni)itiiiii,  uiili's,i 
llic  |iarty  is  liili.  until  tli.v  liiiic  U'eii  fij;lit  iliiys  witliniit  toiiil ; 
llieiict  is  ilioii  iiii  ".iliTi.l  jiistitiuiili'.  Tiny  bear  t'ali):iii',  eolij, 
is  only  met  ainl  iirivaiimm  to  an  iMiaeiiliiiiiiy  iIiltic.  T'ley  are  kciwiIiIc  nt', 
i'lid  tliankt'iil  tor,  kiiiil  tniitiiniit,  Imt  will  |HTinit  no  iiiic  liMiliiisi' 
tliciii.  'I'll  sti'iki' a  TiMiu'iisiiin  i»  iiiilecil  n  griiit  erinir.  anil  nftcn 
Icails  to  fatal  coiisci|Ui-iiri's,  as  in  lliiit  I'lisi'  they  tin  net  iimimiIit 
tliiir  woril  as  sairiHl.  Imt  jii^tilial'le  to  la-  l.^ekin.  'I'lnv  are 
i'\i'i'ci!i'ii,'ly  iniM'il'lc,  anil  can  If  iliini'  iiolliiii);  willi  luit  liy YrmHl 
worils,  anil  tins  lie  liail  I'l'iijiiciit  ocfiinioii  of  jiriain^-.  thniiiuli 
i-cnirallj-  liis  in\i:  fault.  Tlnir  |iir»oni  arc  .siniill  anil  latliir 
ilcliiiito  il.  ii|i,ii'ar  ■ii'i'.  their  (laliircs  arc  regular  anil  Koiiicu Imt 
liliMslii;;.  Willi  ini'M'  fair  Iraitii  '  1'  cliaiiu'ter,  llicy  are  tlllliy  ti 
an  ixtnini',  laliiiu'  anil  ,lrinking  aiivlliin).'.  iiouivir  loallisiuni', 
mill  till-  illliivia  iif  lliiir  (« rsinis  is  pnlriilitv  ilsilf  'J  lay  arc 
consiili'iiil  cuiiil  snlilicrs,  iiiiil  lire  cvcijlint  iiiarksiinii,  eilliiTwilli 
lio«  or  rillc.  riic  ilii'ss  III  I'ltliir  six  Is  nearly  tl.c  sane  as  tliat 
111  the  iil'.iir  Till  tar  nations,  ililliriii);  cliiilly  in  tlicir  aimlii  of 
altcrini.' 11,  mill  iir««is  ot  to  hmis  of  I  lie  rciniliir  skin,  witli 
llic  11  lir  ill-Ill.'.  II, 111  >liiikiiij;s  anil  l.isils  of  tlic  Mime  aiiiiiail ;  tliii 
latter  niaili'  '.'in  llic  li'irs.  a  vaisti'iat  or  |;ii'kct  also  of  Imtlnr, 
soniitiini's  'Iniil  wiili  iiliilc  foxi's'  or  with  liare  bkins,  aiiiiiilii's  the 

|ila I  a     thick    m  rl    of  sho.-t     Mirt>  lit  coat  <it    iliiii'li'    leather 

v.iti'  lilt  the  iiair  ;  anil  lastly,  a  miitlc  or  .Imilili'  Irmk,  with  hair 
in  ami  'ic '<..'.,',  the  two  hatliiT  siilis  ln'inj:  t,ij;ithi'r.  Auiiini 
iMp  anil  iarne  >;lii\i's.  "illi  Minieliini's  a  ftnaril  liir  the  lirciisl  of 
uhiti-  I"*-  I'liUeil  niiilirriMHlnii'k  vi/..  lirea^t  coyer,  anil ii  cointoilrr 
roiiiiil  till  nn-l  '.riniil  of  ihe  tails  of  the  Mimrn  1 ;  null  is  their 
coslniiii',  wliicli  is  ainiiist  v,  liolly  iiirnisln  il  fr.  m  the  skins  of 
ri'itiilii'r,  KoM's' li'ninrt  MTVi'  tor  nips  .iiiil  liniii^n,  iiliii  a  .''ill's 
isiilcnil  yaliiiihli*,  as  the  wannest   of  all  oiitsiilc  ^'arniciit. 


'"Ill 
la'r  ofgotjls.     The  Tiuu'Us.'s'  generally  liave  only  herds      Tlic.y  h.iye  al-o  a  (.-iiiiril  liir  the    fore;iiail,  cars,   nose,  anil  (•Inn. 

I  Their  Uils  are  nnnli'  of  lieiirs'  -kin,  or  of  the  lar^'c  ti  in  iln  r,  with 

~  '    "     ^   —  • —         1  a  I'liiiiket  froni    the  sun  e  animal,  liiieil  w  itli  tin'  win  loi-st  fur,  unit 

in  slia|»  like  a  lia^-.  a«  tliefeit    are  cimiplilely  i  ,i  a-i  il.      .\ii  lue, 

'    Al  .lerliiit,  on  the  left  Imiik  of  Ihe  l.eini.  siliiali    iilioiit   (idO     a  knile.  uisuleii     ihku.  "nil  lellle.  eoiisliiali' tluiir  onlv    nlensils; 

nnh'S  iMni    Irkutsk,   is   Ihe  line   whi.li   s«'|)iirateB  the  Tiin^riislan     the  (!r»l  is  a  m.i.  •;ioi  noii ;  ,ii,il  a  p:|«.  of  tolweo,   «ith  a  tlnss  of 

villao"  fr.  nil  the  \;ikuli,      Ihe  I  nin.'iisiaiis   inhahlt    iliyers   part*     spiels,  tlnir  lli^!lest  liimn    ,      'Iheir  I'lmles  i.f  ih  -ss,  nml  m  iiinil 

111   Siheria,  e,|nall>  ilistaiit  anil    ilistiiiil,   frmn    Hn    .liores  of  the  [  moil,'  ol  livinir,  Ac  ,  liny  )u\i-  in  coinmoii,   more  or  l,.,s,  .villi  nil 

\ein.'«'i,  I.eiii..  iiiiil  AiniKir,  li  llmsi'  of  the  Oeliola  Mil  I  Inieknii,  :  other  Silierian  nalaiiis,  "  ^'hiic  is  aoollnr  illtliie aim  ii     them 

ami  ihe  mi.iintiiiiis  iilii'ii'.   Talirifa      'I'll,  y   are   all  w,imlirer»,  amr  than    ill    ti.e    emhroiilery    <l   lUeir    I'hillicn,  or    the   ri<  liiii'ss   or 
ruri'ly  I.i  he  Ml  n  111  any    metliunical   ur   aubuerneiit   i uiiiluyiueiil.  |  ;iov«fly  of  iht' wcarvm. 


UP  AND   DOWN 

Ofiptniii  roclimno  crossed  tlu"  liiki'  wlim^  it  is  forty  I 
mill's  liriiad,  when  tV<>/,i'ii,  in  Iwn  limirH  aiicl  ii  liait',  in  :i  | 
Hlrdtji'    drawn    liy    tlin  c    horses  al>reast  ;'   and   we  are  I 
indelned  tii  Mr.  Atkinson   tor  an    interi'stini{  acrount 
of  a  bout  vovai,'!!  on  tliis  reinarkali'e  slic^et  of  water. 

A|>|iroiu'iiin;;  hake  Itaikal  liy  tlie  valli-y  of  the  ' 
A  njj.ira.  aliiiia  five  miles  liefore  reiiehin;;  the  lake,  a 
scene  is  presented  that  causes  almo.sl  every  traveller  to 
stop.  The  valley  lii'conies  wider,  ami  the  inounlaiiis 
rise  aliniptly  to  a  much  >;reater  elevation.  'I'lie 
An;L;ara'  is  more  than  a  mile  in  wiilth,  and  this  ;;reat 
liody  of  water  is  si'en  rollinj;  down  a  steep  incline, 
I'onidni.'  a  rapid  nearly  four  miles  in   leiif;th.      \t   the 

he.id  of  tliis,  and  in  tin niri'  of  the  stream,  a  ^;reat 

mas.s  of  rock  elevate.-,  it.self,  cdled  the  Shaman  KiMucii. 
Ilevond  is  the  hripad  expanso  uf  the  li.iilial,  exlendin;^ 
.nliHut  tifty  miles  to  whi're  its  waves  wash  the  foot  of 
Amar-i  >alian,  whose  suniiuit  is  usually  covcied  with 
snow,  even  in  June.  The  iniijhty  toircnt  tlimwiui;  np 
it-  jets  of  spray,  the  r.l;;){ed  roi'ks  with  their  fringes  of 
pendant  liirch  overtopped  hy  lot'ty  pines,  .tml  the 
ethereal  eoloin-in;;  on  thi^  mountains,  produce  a  picture 
of  exli-aordinarv  lieauty  and  ;;rauileur. 

A  fe.r  iniles  further,  and  the  It.dkal  is  soc%  spread- 
inu'  out  like  ii  .--ea.  ami  its  roUiui^  viave.s  are  heard  ' 
I  ishing  *he  rcH-ky  .siiores.  The  Shamcn-Kamcu  is  ' 
more  distinetly  seen  ;  it  is  held  sacred  hy  idl  of  the 
Shaman  ereefj,'  and  they  never  p.iss  it  without  otfcrin;; 
up  ihi'ir  tievotions.  I{ude  IIliuiis  h.ive  ln'i'ii  sculplureil 
oM  its  surf  tee,  and  formerly  lioth  men,  wouien.  and 
eliildren  have  heen  otl'ered  up  on  its  summit,  or  Imrled 
into  the  Hood. 

The  new  steamhoat  .station   is    not    far   distant,  an<i 


'  Ilniiii^  viucliril  till'  Hiiik.il,  imt  of  ttliii'li  llie  .Vinjiira  (1.iw<, 
mill  into  «lii<'li  tlic  Selnipi  riiiis,  "we  eoiistiil."  savi  <'iipt:iiii 
•  '•M'tiiiini',  "  for  thirty  mill's  In'li.ri'  we  iirri  eil  ;it  tlir  pliri-  of 
rrossiiii;.  Till' ire  WMH  HO  I'li'iir,  tnitis|iiri'iit,  anil  sli|i|ii'i'\.  t'nil  I 
C'liilil  not  ki'i'p  my  ti. !  yet,  tin- lio:  si-^  iiri'  10  lu'i'iistoiiii'il  to  it, 
tliiit  liarilly  11. 1  in-'ianri'  iH-t-tir-i  of  ilfir  tailing;.  We  i-r">-M'.l  i\\,> 
liiki',  uiiil  rrarliC'l  till' opiMKiii-  vill.ip'.  whii-li  liiiH  u  eon^tili'tMliIii 
iiionniitery  ill  will  Ii  to  lirraiifiisl  ;  we  li.nl  liri'ii  livo  lionri  anil  a- 
i'.iif  in  (foiii);  the 'li'.laiiri',  I'orly  miles.  S  uli  is,  lioMever,  the 
r.i|ii<litt  »ith  u'hirli  tliri'i' lior>i's  alinast  i'ro<.s  tins  like,  that  the 
^'oMTiior  of  Irkutsk  ii-iiallt  'IhI  it  in  l»o  liours;  tleei'  hours  are  , 
L'enenilly  taken.  A  liiirse  o'lcc  tlillin  oil  llie  clear  ire,  1  iloiilit 
any  inissiliilil  -  'vf  yetting;  liini  on  his  leirs  au'iii".  It  is  ilanp'roiis 
to  nitiMiipt  »lo|.,  lu' till!  h'Tses.  nor,  iiiili'i'il.  is  it  in  my  o|i'nioii 
{H>,,ili|o  ;  if,  howi'v.r,  the  vehii'le  he  s;.,|i|k'i|  on  this  sort  of  iee,  I 
alnioHt  iloiihi  llie  |io.,.il>ili|y  of  slarliiiL'  it  auMin  «illioiii  a»~isl- 
.line  from  other  pi'ojile  til  fori'!' till' vi'liii'li' on  Ironi  Is'liiml.  (In 
till' other  haiiil,  I  have  seen  slelu-es  mov.-  so  mneh  filler  tli.ii. 
th.- hiirii.'*,  UK  to  overtake  mill  turn  llii-ni  slmM  niiiinl,  ami  nil; 
iiiHtely  to  form  .1  eiimple'e  eireh'." 

•  There  Isii  |BM'iiliiir  iiiiality  atleiKliii^fthi'  .\n;;ara  ;  ihe  water  ill 
•uiiii'HT  is  so  iiilil,  that  the  Ihi'iiioiiieier  in  .liine  i,  'ml  one  .le.  ' 
^rrei'  iih.ive  till'  /.erii  ot  Kea.ininr,  wliiU*  in  winter,  it  is  tlit* 
wannest  as  hImi  llie  most  ra|iiil  "f  all  the  rivers  in  thai  part  of 
the  woilil  ;  It,  r.ipi'liy  lieiiu'  siieli  ih.il  imnii'iiM'  slieits  of  iee  are 
nirneil  niiiliT  ..aier.  It  m  ;;.-iiirall,  fio/en  on  the  lljml  of 
.lamiary,  at  w  iileh  lime  tin)  men  luinis  riiiinot  then  joiirii  \  In 
Kiih'hiii. 

'  Ihe  i-iTi^'ion  of  .'shinianiiiiii,  ami  ils  cerenioiiles,  are  loim.le.l 
n|Hin  -oreery  ;  its  I'ollowent  heliiM-  in  >;.... I  ami  e\il  spirits, 
aii.l  saeiiliee  |>ails  of  the  '  laral  (.i  I  ii'i;e  sta;;  foiiinl  in  ihe 
.\ktim,  "white  111  imitain,"  riiii:e)  to  thrir  ^..il,  wIiomi 
they  iiaiiii'  llnrKliaii  I'liey  Kive  themselves  liiile  Ironhle  i 
nlmilt  the  (jiKiil  spiiii,  In  lor  llie  I'vil  one  Ihey  have  v  |.'reil 
ri'verrnce.  Ihey  heliixe  liiiii  an  iiihahita".'.  of  our  earth,  lliit 
he  has  Ills  alusle  in  Ueiim'  lon'»is  .mil  rntr^'eil  moiintiiins,  ami 
lliit  111"  in  I'ViT  ailive  in  the  miiUl  of  terrilie  slorins.  Tiny,  iil»o, 
think  that  he  hiia  the  [-wver  to  Iraiisforiii  men  into  wliilever  ! 
r'.apis  he  pleiiseii  Ihi  ir  priesili.i.Hl  it  luii  il  larj  ,  1'  i'  hut 
rari'ly  tlint  II  siiaiip'r  is  ailiiiittisl  inl.i  it.  ■ 


THE   AMOOR.  S7T 

tho  triVTeller  i.s  not  loi.^  in  reaching  Listvenitz,  v.heiico 
tlie  lioats  j)ly  to  I'asolukoi. 

The  (l,ini;er  and  delay  in  eri)iwiiij{  the  Itaiknl  in  hoats 
was  very  orciit  ;  it  w.is  no  iiiicommon  oecurrence  to 
he  detained  tliree  weeks  on  the  voyaoe.  without  heini; 
ahli  to  land  on  cither  shore,  and  aceidcnts  were  fre- 
<|ucnt  This  induced  an  ciiter]irisin};  merchant,  Mens 
chikiiir,  til  place  a  uteamcr  on  the  lake  •  but  it  was 
done  at  a  fjreat  cost  ;  the  enjfines,  hoilcrM,  ,ind  all  the 
:iiacliiiie|-y  were  made  at  St.  I'ctcrsliur^;,  and  had  tn  Ih' 
transported  hy  land  more  than  4ii<li)  ndl^'.s.  Mr.  Haird, 
the  tiii'i'lianical  eiiojuer,  sent  ti  competent  person  to  the 
liaik.'il  to  liiiild  the  hull,  and  thi.s,  under  his  su|>erin 
ti'iideiiec.  the  Itnssiaii  peasanLs  accomplisheil.  With 
their  aid,  the  mechanics  put  in  the  enoines  ;  altera 
few  triiils  the  ves.sel  steamed  across  to  the  Moiijjoliaii 
shore,  and  the  d.inocrs  of  the  liaikal  had  vanished. 
I'lolh  the  Silicrl.'iiis  and  Moiii;oliaiis  pi/.eil  in  astonish 
iiiciit  \\hen  lliev  lielielii  ihe  steamer  make  her  way 
across  in  a  heavy  ijalc 

When  last  at  this  point,  Mr.  Atkinson  found  the 
sti  iiier  ali.seiit  ;  .so  without  wasliiu;  time,  he  arnin^ed 
■  ploie  the  shore  >{oiii;i  to  the  eastward,  and  .so  he 
taken  up  at  (lolo  ou.stuaia.  A  crew  of  tive  men  ami 
his  (,'o.s.sick  were  his  companions  in  the  Imat.  Shortly 
after  ieavin;;  l.ist\cni|/.  the  shore  of  tho  Itaikal  he 
comes  exceedinoly  ahnipt  ;  tin- rock — a  eoarse-orained 
i;ranite  —  has  a  dense  larch  forest  yrowinnon  the  nioiin- 
taiii  aliovc,  whii'h  rises  consnlcralily  to  the  north.  This 
fonii.ition  contihiies  for  more  than  seventy  miles,  and 
many  pii  lincsi|iii'  and  strikilio  scenes  were  pre- 
sented ;  il  then  cIkiiiois  to  con^domerate,  exeeedinoly 
coarse  oiaiiied,  the  shiiieje  on  the  shore  lieino  entirely 
composed  of  it.  Several  torrents  have  cut  their 
eliMiiiiels  lliroiioli  these  precipices,  forming,  in  some, 
lie.iiililiil    waterlalls. 

The  north  shore  is  hy  far  the  most  lot'ty  ;  in  .sonic 
parts  the  pre.  ipicis  rise  SIMI  and  ',MMt  feet,  iiiid  a  little 
lieyoml  the  river  Alipira  to  l.Jddfeet.  iievoiid  the 
[■-laiid  of  Olkhon,  ha-allie  dill's  appear,  Hometimes 
aiisiiu;  I'r.im  deep  water  to  an  elcMilioii  of  7"0  teet. 
.\t  little  liiol'e  than  a  hoats  h  iio|h  from  their  h.i.se, 
sitiiiidilios  have  heen  taken  to  the  depth  of  !MIII  |eet. 
.Viler  pa.-.siiio  tlic>e  the  shores  lieioiiie  somewhat  less 
elcsated,  hut  exhiliit  nmiui'stionahle  eviihine  of  vol- 
I'anic  action.  In  some  of  the  ra\iiics  weie  f;reat 
masses  of  laxa,  viliieh  iinfortuiialely  he  was  iiiiaMe  to 
true  to  its  .soiiiie  No  doiilit  it  has  heen  cpetid  froni 
a  ciMlcr  ill  the  Jl.iik.d  cliaiii  to  the  iioitli,  and  pco 
hal  ly  lioiii  ne.ir  the  soiirecs  of  the  Kereiieha  Hot 
mineral  spriiii,'s  aie  aWo  tiiiiid  in  sever.il  parts  of  the 
ch.iiii. 

Ketwei'ii  the  shore  of  the  lake  Mild  the  Itaikal  chain, 
an  elevated  sleppeexteiiilslorahout  li'iO  milt  <  in  leiioth. 
and  in  some  parts  it  is  scmiiiv  live  in  width.  There 
are  numerous  a  iils  of  jSiiiiats,  \k  ho  jiossess  laroe  herds 
of  c.illle,  and  Ihe  pl.iiii  ^'ladually  desi  ends  tow. nils  the 
1 1  Kill  ill  of  the  rpper  .\iiyara.  This  river  fall*  into  t  he 
li.iik.il  at  ils  most  noithernly  point,  and  is  exceedingly 
\aliialile  to  ihe  ,SjlM'i'iaiis  h  r  ils  lishcry  of  omnia 
{.Siihilii  iiiiiii/<i,  I'all  ).  wliieli  is  caught  line  in  enoriiioiis 
ipialititics,  Sillied,  ami  then  sent  to  all  parts  of  SiU'ria. 
Thus  preserved,  they  eipial  the  hesl  I  (iiieli  herrings, 
and  when  fresh  arc  most  ih'licioiis.  A  great  niiniher 
of  incii  are  enoaged  in  the  fishery.  They  leave  Irk- 
utsk alioiit  the  lirsl  week  ill  .Inly,  and  the  fleet 
Usiia'lv  reaches  the  I'pper  .Nllgaia  het'oie  the  first 
of     .\u'ii-t.     when      tl liiiil.i    asceiid    tlie     river     ill 


li 


I 


■  I 


!  ! 


!    M 


It  t 


I  ^l 


278 


ALL    ROUND  THE   WORLD, 


inch  rnxt  sluuils  tluit  tho  tishi-niirii  s|>oe(lily  ohtiiiii 
thi'ir  iMr;;i>cs,  Miiii  iii.ikc  sfViril  vn\  ;ifr,.s  to  I.istxt'iiitz 
beliire  the  s<<ii.s4iii  clusfs.  The  rivi-r  is  imt  iiavig;ililo 
liiuc'li  Ih'VdmiI  the  vill.iije  of  l'|i|>iT  Anijarsk,  ami  ciili 
iK'ver  l>o  iiiiide  :\  iikmiis  nt  c<>iiirniiiiii'.itii>ii  witli  the 
AmiH«r.  !is  si>iiie  |i'i-.piii  li.ive  su|i|ii)«-;l. 

Iiisteail  I'l'  iiu'i'tiuLf  the  st<';imi'r  :it  (!(ilivcmstn:ii;i 
Mr.  Atkinson  ciiiiiiiiMi"!  his  <-x|iioi-:itions.  anil  on  his 
ii'tnrn  visited  the  south  sliore  of  the  islanil  ot'tMk- 
lion.  It  is  ahoiit  sixty  iniie^  in  li'n;;th,  in  some  jiails 
lirteen  miles  in  hreaillli,  ami  is  se|iafateil  tVom  the 
north  shore  ot"  the  lake,  ealh-il  hy  tlie  natives  the 
Little     r.aikal,     hv   them   eonsiileroil    the   most   siiered 


[lart  of  the  "  Holy  Sen  "  Thfi  island  is  n\)Otit  eight 
miles  from  tin-  north  shore.  e\r(|>tini»  iit  its  western 
end,  where  a  jjreat  mass  nuis  ont  into  the  lake  for 
sevenil  miles,  and  forms  a  nmgnifieeiit  enlr.uiee  to  the 
Saered  Scji.  A  little  farther  to  the  west  ihe  roeks  rise 
to  ahont  I,20((  teet,  forming  a  stiijHMidoiis 4ihjeet  «hcn 
seen  from  the  water. 

The  ]ieo|ilc  have  n  tradition  in  ronneetion  with  this 
rei;ion  wliieh  thoy  imjiliritly  1  cli.'ve.  'J  hey  say  that 
Christ  visited  this  |iart  ot  Asia,  and  iiscended  this 
eminence,  whence  lie  looki'd  down  on  all  the  region 
aronnd.  .M'ter  hlc-siii^  the  eimnlry  to  tlie  northward, 
he  turned  towards  the  .•■Dntli,   and,  IcKiking  aiross  the 


I'.iik.il,    ho  wavi'd  lii-i  hueL  excliiming,    "  Iteyoiid  tin*     might  he  detained  fi>r  sonie  ilays.      Their   ]>ro.-!]ieef  was 
tiiire  IS    Milhiii:;  '      TliiLi  ilii-y  acconnt  for  the  sli'rility     a   had   one,    iniless    thev  muld    |  a.ss  the    hi.idiai  <i   and 


of  h.iuria,  wlier.-  it  i^  Ntid  "no  lorn  will  giiiw." 

rill'  ■.  Hilli  shoi(!  of  t\v'  island  is  execdinfjly  alirii|it, 
ind  M',y  liw  i^iinls  are  |ires4  nted  where  it  is  |M>.-silile 
lo  land.  I'licy  li  el  lieeii  ro»,iij»  mi  tor  many  lioiits 
without    llii  liii^   my  |>lac.-    on     wiiirh    to    sleep  ;     liiglil 


re  cl;  shelter  lieyond  ;  Lnt  a  strciik  of  white  wiH 
oliMi'ved  aji|iro:i(li;i4;.  and  all  Were  aware  '  I  what  it 
foi'e''oiled. 

Kiiouiii;,'    HJiai    life  t    exanijile    1  a<  •■'.\   thcsf  men, 
Mr.   Atkinson    ihic  w   otP  liis    iaikel,    aud    took  one   of 


wasilr.min.;  ■!  I  i|'.ic.-,  aiidasiiir  Ine/i-  s|iiiii-ii.j  n|i  the  imi.s,  tin-  ('M.ss,irk  sci/.eci  another  iimI  thii:  iniltieed 
In  111!.'  clilf",  .iiii  .site  iiiiniei'oiH  ea\eriis  exi-led.  and  ill  the  men  (o  |iiill  with  a  hearty  >;o.d  will,  rx-tore  they 
front  ,1  |ir..iiioiii..i.  ,,f  hi^di  ro.  k.<  Jiilliii;.' out  into  ;he  could  r.xind  the  point,  the  !<.|na!l  ■.aii^lit  them,  and 
lake  coiitaiiiiiii^  ■.wi.il  others,  and  in  s..|iie  pLiets  it  '  cc.vered  them  with  sprav  ,  at  lli^  liioii  ent  the  lielnis- 
was  |iirr,c  ll.v  i.'ill.  ri.  .  „ian    lalled    to    ihciii    'o  )>iill   for   ti.eir   liv.  s,  or  tluy 

rii-y  Iri.i  noli, I'd  till  indi.alion  if  a  m]Ii.i1I  to  the  |  wmilil  he  driven  iig.r.iisf  llie  rocks  If  was  a  stn:jii;U« 
south  1'a.^t.  and  the  ho., tin. n  \M-h.  d  I  •  l.ind  in  one  of  which  .Mr.  A  Ikiiis.n  sjiys.  lie  ,ie\er  shall  foiuel.  Al 
I  lie  raveni>.  linre  t.i  |as-  tin-  n  jht  To  this  proposi.  1  l||^t,  they  shot  <  .it  lnyond  the  nicks,  that  were  then 
tudi    our    tr.iveller    decidedly    oijixtc.!     tciriiii;    thiv     only  a  l'l'^v  l.oats'  lenj(ths  from  them,  iind  the  thiiiideriiig 


II  "I  rir  '■  "I'll *-^|— "■■ 


UP  AND  DOWN  THE  AMOOR, 


279 


it  was 
<l  iiiiil 
wa.i 
liHt  it 

IIK'II, 

ItllC     Iff 

lIlllTll 
tlu'V 
mill 

I'lnis- 
llify 

At 
then 
irifiu 


of   tlie   wiivos,  as  tlmy  riiHlieil   into    111 ivenis,    was  ] 

truly  iijipalliiig. 

itaviiii;  ))a.sMi'(l  tlii.i  diiiifiiT,  a  samly  lii'iich    was  siiii,  | 
aliout  a  (Hiartcr  <if  a  mili'  liistmit,  tiiw.iiils  wliifli  tlicy  I 
|iulled  with  all  their  iiii;;!!!.      'I'hi!  wavis  lulliil  in,  uml 
a  grt^at  surf  wa«  thmwii  upDii  tin-  slim*!  ;  |iri'si'iitly  tiny 
(IhsIioiI  tlii'iiii;,'li   it,  lull  till!    lio.it  was  iii'irlv  liaif   lillcil 
liffun?  tln'V  fiiiilil  mil    litT  U|i  the    hcaoh.      This  was  a  i 
narrow  ('scii|m',  and  there  they  wi^ru  ke])t  jirisniieis  ti.r  i 
three  days. 

After    sjieudinu;    nineteen     days    in    ex|iliiriiii;    the  | 
niirthern   slmre,    Mr.  .\tkiiison  reaehed  (i.ihi  oust  iiaia.  1 
where  the   steamer    |iii'keil   him  ii|i,       U  heii   he  LV't  on  : 
hoard,  the  eajitain   stateil  to  him,  in   Kii:;lish,  that  his  | 
loni;   aliseiiee   had   excited   some   ii|i|ireheiisioiis   of  his  I 
Kal'etv.     He  was  not  a  little  a,stiinished  to  he:ir  his  n.itive  | 
toli;|iie  sjiokeii  in  the  Itaikal,  anil    his  look  ot'  sMipiiM'  ; 
must  have  lieiMi   evident.       The  captain    e\[il.iiii 'd,  liy  i 
informing;  him  that   h"    was  a  S«idi.-.li  olli.  er,  and  hail  I 
served   in  our  na\y  mider  AdiiiiiMl  (/'ndiiiiu'loii         lie 
had  l»'en  ei.ulit   years  in    his  present  oeeup^ition,  Mime-  i 
times  steaiiiin;^  aeros.-i   the   lake,  when  it   was   smooth 
as  j;lass,  at  other  limes  in   feart'iil    storms,    whiili    lie 
ilei'lared    wen?    Worse    here    thin   in    the  oeiaii  ;    more 
especially    when    the    yaira   lor   moniitain  j;alei  came 
iushin;{   from  the  niouiil  >ris       I[e  liiipiired   if  he  had 
.Sounded  th«   lake,  liilt  learnt   til  it    he    knew  the  de|itli 
otilv  hy  runnini;  out  Ids  im'i'c  wlnii  tryin;;   to  anchor. 
Once,   diirili;;  a  jjah',  he    ran   out    :.'ll()   .s:iL;,'nes   (l.ll)llj 
feet  I  within  lOH  y.irds  of  a  s  ind  Imik  :    and  on  another 
oioasion    ;iOI)  Hai.o'nes  (lM(U)  fed),   «ithom    limliiii,'  a 
liottoin.      This  prmes  the  f^riMt  di  j'lh  of  the  I. ike.  and 
HUch  |irodigioiis  aliy>ses  are  ofleii  found  clo>e  to  places 
wliere  the  n  cks  are  not  ten  se,'ciies  under  water. 

The  day  was  calm,  and  the  steamer  ran  across  in 
three  hours  and  a  hah',  when  Mr.  Atkinson  I  It  the 
worthy  captiiiii,  and  laiidid  iit   Tosolsky 

'J'liere  is  u  monastery  heriMil  tlic  'I'l.insruiuralioii  of 
our  Sa\iour,  that  p. is-esse- some  ciaimsas  an  ardiitec- 
tiiral  compiK^itioii  for  i  .  uiimerous  turret  formed  |  ic- 
turesiiiie  jjroiips,  and  the  whole  liiiildiiij»  had  a  plea^in;; 
edeot  when  viM«ed  from  the  M  likal.  It  was  loiimlcd 
hy  .Mdiot  Keoi|o«.ivi,  .ihout  theye.ir  lliS2,  liicomiinino- 
rate  ii  traoie  event  that  occurre  1  on  this  spot.  In 
llioll.  a  l!us>iaii  am'iass  iilor,Z.ilioiot>ky,and  hi'i  retinue, 
were  mu'ilercd  here  liy  the  lluil.it>.  or  Moiiijolians. 
Hence  it  is  n.imeil  I'lisoUkv.  or  the  .Monastery  of  the 
Ambassador.  I'hu     huildin^    and    the    vill.ii»e   sl.ind 

on  a  low  pi. 1  ill  that  lunsaloiiij;  llie  >lioi'et  of  the  IS  lik.il. 
eoinineniiiii{  aliout  t'oiir  mile:<  to  the  Muitl'.-wot  of  the 
l.indin^' pi, ice,  III, il  eMeudiiii;  north  east  to  the  niou;li 
of  the  .'^ilenga.  Kioiu  I'o.solsky,  the  road  erovcs  the 
didla,  followiii:^  the  shore  of  tlie  l.ike  for  alioiit  ei'.4lit 
miles,  ami  then  tnni.s  eastward  to  the  pii>t  station  at 
Stepiioi,  near  llie  niouihof  the  western  hraiieh  of  ihe 
Seleii;,'!U  The  river  divides  intoeiolit  hiMiiches  In  fore 
it  falls  into  the  It.iik.il  ;  and  troiii  the  north  west  to 
the  southeasterly  ch  iiinci  is  ii  dwt.iiiceol  I  wcnty  miles. 

This  ilelta  iiiiiloulileillyocciipiesuli.it  has  Inninrly 
lieeii  a  port  ion  of  liie  lake,  uhidi  in  the  course  of 
a;,'es    has    hri  ii    lilh  d    lip    hy    mailer  wasliid    iVoni    the 

.Moni,'oliaii    iiioiinlains       It    is  n  iiind    hy    the    | pie, 

Koiiiidcreiiskoi  Sli  ppe.  I  .ike  all  t<u  h  I  *i  lias,  it  i-.  a  most 
fertile  split,  and  well  <  illivaled  ;  an  al'iindanci  of  rice 
unil  wheat  jjrows  lure.  Alier  le.ivnn/  ."^lepnoi,  the 
ro.id  colli iiiiies  .■iloii;;the  western  hr.iiich  of  tin-  Sileiiira  : 
the  liills  to  the  ri^lit  rise  c.iiiM.j.ralily.  and  an-  «•  I 
WchhIoU.      Ou    reuchiiig    Kahaiiskoi,    the  riur  iii:.ki'^  a 


great  lieiid  towards  the  north-eiwt  for  ahout  thirty 
miles  to  lleiiskoi,  and  the  miniiitains  to  the  .soiith-ucst 
lieconio  uolier. 

The  llrst  iiioiiastery  i-stahlished  on  the  Traiishai- 
kalian  shore,  that  of  Troiuka,  st.inds  in  a  |iictuii'S>|Uo 
spot,  at  some  ten  miles  hcloii' iiiihiiiL,'  llen^koi.  It 
w.is  founded  hy  .Vlihot  l'"eoilo.sayi,  «  ho  .settled  here  in 
llls^l,  Hceompinied  hy  ft  few  monks  from  Mo.si'ow.  The 
seliv' iou  of  I  his  spot,  and  the  style  of  the  luiildilii.', 
|noV(!  that  those  ecc'csiastii's,  like  their  hiethreii  in  all 
a;;es,  were  ineii  of  ti^te.  'I  liou^li  the  striicliire  must 
have  pro  he  e  I  II  strd^iii!.;  effect  on  the  minds  of  the 
ISnriats,'  w  lioni  the  a'liiot  intended  to  comert,  they 
could  not  Ic  induced  to  change  their  faith. 

After  p.i>>  ng  llenskoi,  a  route  turns  still  more  to 
the  iiortliea-l  and  approaches  the  shores  of  the  Haikal. 
It  leads  iiitoamost  liiL,'lily  inicresling  icgioii,  where 
the  nioiinl  lins  h  .ve  hecii  tossed  up  and  liioken  into 
pre.ipiies  and  >]••  ;i  ravine.s.  This  route  allonU  many 
cMraordinary  s  ries  on  the  Haikal,  and  when  the 
tr.iveller  looks  dov.  11  n|Mi,i  its  vast  e.\paiise,  relle'ting 
on  the  terrilile  plieiioniciion  that  I'an.'-ed  such  a  rent  in 
I  lie  earth's  crii-t  (if  leol  it  he)  he  will  pea.se  to  wonder 
.it  the  siiperslitions  dread  of  the  ignorant  people  who 
inliahit  the  shores.  .Mr.  Atkinson  n.iys,  he  lias  lie.ird 
the  siiliject  reasoned  upon  hy  .some  of  the  most  eminent 
inining  eni,'iiieei-s  and  geolo.'i.sis  in  Siheria,  who  have 
visited  almost  every  p'  rt  of  its  >liorii,  exaiiiining  ihe 
structure  of  its  piecipico,  and  have  ohserved  the  coin- 
po-iiiiiii  of  the  strata  laid  hare.  Tiny  dilli'r  wiileU  in 
o|  inioii  from  one  (lermaii  author,  who.  after  a  ''  gallop 
iii'io^s  the  lake  '  of  seven  ( iermaii  miles,  in  ahout  two 
hours,  hy  moonlight,  selllcd  this  proliji  in.  There  are 
hopes,  however,  of  seeing  it  eliicidaled  hy  one  thoroughly 
aiipiainlcd  with  this  sinful. ir  reL,oon,  fi.r  which  tin! 
malciials  h.ive  Ihih  eollectid  during  many  years  ot 
jiaiieiit  investigation. 


'  Huriiits,  .1  tril«'  nf  Mnncrnllun*  pattiiriiii;  tliclr  flnck^  iml 
lieni-  111  tlif  Viilli  V  111  llii-  ll.iik.il.  Kill  tliev  a  v  mil  al'.v.iv«  mi 
pasliiriil  anil  u.iiiM'ciit  as  il  li.i<  |il«iieil  rcii'iil  li'.ivrllii  •  Id  ilc- 
HI  rilii- liiiMii,  lull  li.ivi-  lii'fii  civtiisi'il  to  soiMf  rxiriil.  \Vc  li.iru 
Iniiii  t'.iiil.iin  I'lKiiiaai',  wlio  f;ivcs  im  a  ilcM-riiitiiiii  nl"  niic  nt' iIu'm* 
T.iitins  wliiii  at  rnilivisk,  liie  liiill'-w.iy  c'llv  hctwccn  !tl,llI^k 
mill  Iv.iirtita,  aiiil  in  I  lie  vicinity  ut'  vvliicli  .:iii\\s  ilir  ictLir 
nut.  uliidi  is  c\|Hirti'ii,  lateii,  iiiiil  tuiucc/.i'tl  Ci.ir  ml,  t'lri  iii^li- 
uiit  tiiiitiicni  SiIht'.i  atui  KiiiiiM-lialka,  lie  calictl  iipnii  mn  nl'  ttu! 
cliiil'-iil  ;lii'  lliiii.it»,  «liicli  tiiU'  niiiiMiiil*  'ii  li.lHIO,  ii|iiiileil  to 
Ik-  li»'  lni;f-t  in  llic  unvcriiini  nl  nl'  jikiiNk.  1  li  »  'Ta^Li  or 
Cliicl  Itc  ili-M  I  ilK'k  as  Ill-Ill;:  II  .vnnii;;  man  ot  ^ikmI  parts,  .mil  Koii 
til  tlie  I'liniii'i'  cliicl',  "I  c.illcil  at  liin  cliiiiiicllcrv.  Inn  he 
•VIS  'lilt,  yi't  «crc  passp.als  allnrilcil  iiu-  ill  tlic  .MiiiilmiIliii 
(lialvi  I  liy  Ins  <fi-rt  t  irv,  iiiiicnni,' cvi'i,v  a^sislamv  tn  Iio  ri  iiilcrcd 
iiic  liv  all  his  triiic,  anit  evciy  ri  ^iktI  In  U'  sliinvn  In  ttu*. 
riie  picsciil  rai^kii  liai  tivu  wives,  vvliii  live  in  [M'tU'ct 
Imriiiiiiiy.  lie  in  fniid  ol*  tlie  unsMDiiiiriet  (KiiL'li'<li  i*ru- 
tcHlaiit  iiii^HiiitiarieH  who  caiiii*  to  ttie  iicil'IiIh-uiIhiikI  n;  Ncrt8- 
ciniHii  111  tsiiivrrt  the  .\lon;;iili  Ills,  liai  alter  aii|>piii;:  thirty 
years  riiivcil,  •lishciirti  ncil.  fioiii  their  iiii  H'ci-tiial  Litmiirs).  iiitl  m 
reiiMi  h.ilily  l'<n  ovarii  in  the  Kn;:lisli  liiiiuii.i^r.  ll.'<,  iiiuiluT 
lK'i|i'a' licil  111  r  iiitini-iiM>  lnrtinic  In  the  l.niias,  iii-  pni>l'>.  Imt 
lie  i-  veiv  lilh  II,  vci  llulr:,-.  His  |K)^^l-s^iilns  iiic  .iIhhiI  ;i,tMH) 
iihci'p.  :loo  liii'>">.  anil  L'IKI  hnnicil  ciliie:  hut  las  inntlici  had 
MliHio  >iiii  |i  I.OiHi  iiiirsi's,  anil  ;i,iHiil  liurncil  catlh  ,  lic>'il.  s  u 
lii^je  piiji'itv  ill  I  IS  TImw  are  i  iistuni  irily  vvnrii  till  they 
iiciii.ihv  ili'ip  111!,  such  i«  llic  iie^hs-t  .iiiil  filthy  ni-itiiii  r  in  which 
Uii-v  live,  'hie  wiiiiicii,  arc,  on  their  man ue.-e,  ilrc<Hisl  in  -.itiiitt 
anil  silks,  iKiiih'i'iil  »illi  l'iir«.  The  i  Ini  Is  ami  siihjicts  livu 
ti>i.'i  iicr  ;i!'iiii>i  iiiili-c  iiiiii  ilily.  I'll!'  I'll  iiicclhiy  nl'  the  TaiMkn 
(■•  >1C  ail  lis  i  li  I'll-'  ■  clirii^  .1  ,1!  .1  *ri  II  1  ii'v,  vv  ho  .-.n  ly  mi  i  niiihl  c\lcii- 
n  IC  II  I'cijHiimeiiii',  4111I  It  amy  lie  eiiiuiiilei'ed  un  cxci'cdiligly  wril 
ni.ui»l«l." 


!■■• 


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.     .,! 


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1 1 
ii  !: 


I  til 


280 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


<^ii  tliis  cfmst  tJiiTc  nrc  spvcnil  licit  ami  iiiiiii'iiil 
s|iriii;;» — tli:it  of 'rmUiiisk  is  tlii'  must  Mrccssilili',  mihI 
liiis  hrcuiiir  the  rmxtuii  ni'  ()fii'?itul  Silicriii.  Many 
fiiiiiilics  I'ruiii  lrktit.sk  '  mihmiiI  ]iai't  cit'  tlit'ir  Kuiiiiiirr  lii-i-c, 


lull- 
ll'iiid 


'     Irkutsk   is   tlii'  in'tr(i]iiilis  of  cMslcrii  SUkt'ii,  tl ni)Miriiim 

"f  tile  triiiU'  iK'twi'i'ii  Kiis-iii  1111(1  Cliiiiu  :iiiil  Russia  miil  .silKTia. 
.*<tTn  tVoin  u  distaiirt',  willi  its  fit'tn-ii  I'ltpin'ri'ovcriHl  i*jiiri's,  its 
walls,  towor^.  iiiid  iImmii's,  it  )-ri-sriils  an  aspi  rt  nf  ii  cniisiili-niMi- 
v-it_v  ;  Init  tlioii:;))  its  stri'fts  an-  \\  iilc,  Ilic  Iihum's  ari>  simill,  and 
liiiilt,  tiir  till'  inns'  part,  .it' ivii.ul,  and  in  di'ray.  It  Ii.  s  ..n  tliri.' 
riviTs,  the  .\iipira.  tlif  Irkiil.sk  (wlifiici'  its  nann'i,  and  tin-  Oiislm 
ki.irka.  W.shIiiI  lidls  (..I'  |>ini')  cxli'iid  mi  tin'  I'ast  and  ii..rtl. 
last,  hIsii  al.iii^'  the  wistirn  liaiik  ..f  tin'  An^'a'a.  till  tlir  latt.  r 
jiiiiis  till' vullr\  111  tlif  li'kutsk.  Till'  snail  riviT  Oiish  .k.iirka  niiis 
fniiii  till'  I'astvvnrd,  ami  iii  rnissi'd  i  y  a  w.hhIi'ii  Ini.iiri'  ni'ar  MINI 
yar.js  in  liMi^tli;  this  strrani  ilividrs  tlic  t.iwn  trmn  ilir  |.riM.ns 
and  tlitf  wi)Tksli.>|is  in  wliicli  tlii>  r.nni.-ts  arc  i'iii|il<iM-d,  tis  u.tl  as 
frnin  till'  .Adiiiirally  (an  .  iHi'"  I'.r  siiiiplyiiii;  naval  slnris  tn  Sd»'- 
rill,  (iiininonly  I'li.i'iirli  phi. -rd  in  tin'  ri'iitn-  i.t'  tlir  coiintin  insii-ad 
of  at  Olikiitsk,  thi'  only  sra  p.rti,  a  il  d.nkyar.ls  mi  tlii' castrni 
Imiik  iiftlii'  .Angara.  Tlii'ri'  arr  iiiiiny  ^..ud  honst's.  I'lirii  with 
n  lar^ri' I'l'itrt-yiird  ;  many  liiivi- ;rardi'iis.      1  hcrrarr  hut  ti'iv  shnp^. 

and  tlit'si'  art'  all   in  stris't  ;   Init    tliry  art'  lariri'.    Iiki'  stui... 

and  an-  wrli  snppli.-il  vMth  alinnst  all  n.i'.'s-ary  l-liiK.fi.aii  l'.-.  «t^ 
that  tind  tlii'ir  way  tliriin;:li  tlii'  tJri'at  Kair  at  .Vi^lini  Ni.v^.'r.'.l. 
and  with  (^hincsi'  i;in.i1s  tr.iiii  Maiinatrliin,  nr  ratlnr.  wi'  sh..iild 
iwy.  Kiai'litii.  1  l.r  nu'riliiiits  ..t'  Irkutsk  an'  v.  ry  riili.  < 'ni-  ..I 
thi'iii  is  sjKikrn  dt' as  haviiiL'  li't^  hall' a  imllioii  t.i  tw«.  nirri's  ami 
6tty   lh..iisaiid   |Miiiiiits   til    i-haritics;     am.tlii'r    has    a    lihraiy    .>l 

BOtNKi  \.>li 8.       Thi'  h.'spitaliiy  .if  th.'  nlli.ials  is  l.i):lily  spikin 

of  h\  I'viTy  tnivt'lIiT.  Mi'lmis,  pini'-apph-s.  iiiid  rliaii'pscni'  at 
1(i.r.  a  li'ittle.  arc  iiiriittom'd  as  a  part  >t'lli.'  i-nt.Ttainnii'iit,  I. in 
tlii'rr  arr  ri'inniints  nf'  harhari^ni  rxistiiiu'  "  |{i-l..ii'  dinni-r. 
all  tin-  u'lii'sts  driiik  s.'hnaps  .lilt  nt'thi'  sami'  ^-lass,  rat  i-aiiari- 
and  hi-rriiib:  with  th.' saini'  l''irk,  an. I  lii'lp  thriiisclvi  s  I..  pri'Ti  vrs 
with  till'  saiiii'  s)HKin,  ami  during;  dinm'r  I'liaiitriM  ..rkniM's  and 
forks  uri*  iinkliiiw'ii ;"  iiiiil  this  at  tlit'  rrsiilrnri's  ol'  tin'  tlireo 
lii(fl«'st  Dllii'ials,  till'  lawyi'r,  ilir  L'nvi'rii.ir,  and  thr  iri'viriiiir- 
giMUTiit.  ••  I'lii'  diniu'r  was  si'rvi'd  (at  *  I'luTil  liiiprrt'sj  in 
ftil  iival  hall  l.r  spai'i.ins  pr.ip  .rti. .ns.  which  w.is  thr.iiijrtHl 
nrth  siTvaiifs  a  tnihtary  hand  in  tli  ■  ..rchrsira,  jilayinu'  :it  intcr- 
Tals,  and  all  in  ulitt.Tiiij;  niiir.irnis,"  'rhcri'  is  a  cathedral,  with 
('tlit'r  lini'  l.nildiii^'s,  tn.isily  thcw'.rk  ;il"  tin'  .siivcdisli  cn^'iiu'cr 
offici-rs,  wh.i  were  iiia.le  privmers  utter  th  •  haille  i.f  i'ldtuwii,  ■ 
And  Were  liaiiishcd  hither  hy  Peter.  TliiTe  iit  ii  Lancaster  sehiNil 
fur  7iKi  li:.\s,  and  an  "rpliaii  usylnin,  h.ith  ailnnruidy  arr.iiiped. 
The  |«ipiilati.iii  I^  ai.iNHI.and  ilic  uMiris.in  il.iHKi.  The  L-i'Vern.ir- 
pen.Tal,  I'.iimt  \l.iiir;nietl',  rules  liver  a  ci.iiii'iy  ten  times  us 
larp' as  I'^iiirhiihl,  aii.l  nas  increa^.'.l  its  imp.'rtani  e  lately  l.y  tin' 
aeipiisiti.in.il  the  Am. sir,  the  plan  and  prcparati.iii  liir  which 
eiiianatcd  I'rniii  hinivclt,  all  I  t'"r  his  suecessinl  ciriyini;  imt  ..f 
which  he  hat  w.irthily  eariiid  f.ir  hilnsclt'  thr  title  ..I'  ('..iiiit 
h'Ain.iiir.  He  is.niniaiid-  several  hatteries  iit'  i'nsstiek  artillery 
einn^K'teiit    to  any  h.  r\  ice  ;  and   C'.iitd,  w  iihiii    his    ;:.'Vi'rn.>rship, 

raisi' a  liiviHi'.ii  iit'ti ps  that  vv.ail.l    inarch  t.i  I'.'kiii     in  six  da\s; 

that  is.  t'rniii    Irkutsk,  nver  the    Haikiil.    t*.    Kia.-hta.    al'.>nl     iwo 

hnndreil     inihs,   then i    IliniiS'ind    miles,    thrmi^li    t..tty  ihi>H 

!.»■  desiilate  e.iiintry,  tnwiihin   a   week'.,   ilistince  nl     I'lkin    (llu' 
ear.ivan  r'.iilel,  wlicre  the  .•.niiitry  iiiipr-.ves.  ■ 

The  nmrkits  ..f  Irkutsk  are  well  siippli.il  w.lh  all  kimU  nt' pni- 
visi.ins,  except  innlt.in  ;   Uet   is  i;.n.d,  and    is  principally  siipplieil 
hy  the  lliiriuts   U'vund  and  .in   the    ii'.rth  ..('  the  llaikal  :   a   live 
(lilt,  six  w.ekii  "III,  Mv.   J./,     (l.iine  •>!'  all    kinds    i.   phntit'iil  alid  i 
rheiip,  nnd  hii  is  ti-li.      l.'.i.iL'ii    pi-iHlnc. .  lir.iiii.'ht     l'r..in  Itiissia,  is  I 
III"  curse  ci|ieii'.ivr,  the  carriii::.'  ain.'niitiii;.'  t  .  I'pi  per  fmi  frmii  I 
.\|.«i".w  li  Irkiit-k.     Sii.-ar  is   J».    TJ./   p(  r  Ih.  :  ci.llis'.  ;i«.   i./. ;  ' 
riiv,  f!</  ;    leni'.ns,  Mv.  '_'./.  each  ;  ..ra'ii.'e«,   -•.  ;   sardines,     !.«.  !ti/.  | 
jK'r  Ikh  ;     Kn^.'linh  |H.rtir    aii.l    >e.itcli   ale,    II...    |./.   per   hnltle;  | 
Kreii.'h  hr.indy,  lli    1,/.  |kr  h'.ltle,  ne'stly  made  in  Kiissia.     Wine 
i^pially  dc.'r  :  eh.iiniuiL'iie,    Hiv.    \it,i.   a  Isittlc,  and  n  nre  nf  il    ia  | 
drank    th.m   any   nther   wine.      When    c.>iniiiiinicati(ins   are  i'i.ta- 
blishcdlietw.cii  Ihe  Aii^'aru  and  the  AiieKir,  and  vi'hsi  Is  diseliurKf 
their  .'ari;.«'s  at  Irkutsk,  a  u'reat  diaiikrc  will   Ik'  .ir.slcd  tlnuiiLdi- 
out  SiU'ria,  as  the  .Viinri.  alls  mid    Kn/lish,  ei.niini.'  up   the   river 
from  tie    I'acith.  will    hrint'.l.iwn   (-.shIb  with  their  shiiw,  at  (inc. 
fimrlh  the  i«'rl.  ni^re  hy  land. 

There  is  a  .lark  sal.'  ..I  Irkutsk  yet  t.i  In-  told.     It   in  the  place 

ofMiletr.'in  Uiissia  l.ir  |Kililiea!  i.pii.i.iiis.     "At    the  tin I    m\ 

visit  t"  Irkiit-i..  '  sa\«  .Mr.  .\lkiiis..n,  "  there  were  «ix  "f  theixilc- 
(l'..r  the  iii»nri.cli..ii   atraiiisl    .^il•lllllu^)  living;   in    (he  l.iw  i.  ,vii., 


!iml  |it'i>|.l('  i.'(i  iiKH'i.  tlitiii  11  tliinisniiil  mili'N  (n  tiikc  ii  dip 
ill  il.s  xvntcfs,  riclxv.i'ii  this  |i|,'i,','  ;,,i(l  Oust  Uni'i 
/ill  tlicrc  lire  utlici-  sjniiiiis,  in  xxliiili  tlic  giisliiiiij 
.SI, lids  the  liiiml  if  |iliii'.'(l  in  it,  Aliout  t'dity  liiilcs 
licvdiid  thiTc  is  piddf  tliat  voiciinii'  jijjcncy  Jijis  diicc 
lii'cii  iutiM".  fur  lifi-e  is  an  extinct  triitcr,  I'i'dm  dnt  df 
xvhic'ii  viist  (|iiiintiti<'s  df  liiva  Inivc  iimircd.  In  tlir 
vicinity  ul'  Hnrgtizin.  najilitlia  and  hitnmcn  mo  cmi 
stantly  lisin;;  in  tlic  I'.aikal,  and  carllninakcs  arc  n(  I 
iinciinimdii. 

Rome  of  the  exiles  of  lfi2.1  were  sent  to  live  in 
BarKiizin,  afttT  iiiidt'i-gdin^  a  severe  part  of  tlicir 
sentence  in  the  mines.  One  only  was  living  then) 
when  the  present  Kin|K'ror  recalled  thera  to  RiiSHia,  and 
he,  liavini;  married  a  peiLsjint's  daughter,  cliinise  to  re- 
main ratiier  than  letiirii  with  liia  family  into  a  .society 
where  he  felt  they  would  be  out  of  place.  Ife  had 
Served  as  a  midshipman  in  the  British  navy,  on  board 
the  same  ship  as  young  Coilrington ;  they  passed  their 
examination  together,  and  a  strong  intimacy  had  sprung 
up  between  them.  He  di-sired  Mr.  Atkinson  to  wait 
on  the  adminil  on  his  return  and  give  an  account  of 
his  olrl  messmate,  who  had  turned  sable  hunter.  He 
arrived  in  KngLind  tiH>  late  t«)  fultil  his  promise.* 


Prince  Vdlkiinskiii,  l'rinctTr..iil'i'tsk.ii,  nniU'iilnncI  I'l'fige,  with 
their  families;  the  others  were  MiiUliemiH',  niiil  two  lirnthera 
IJarrisholV.  These  furined  the  liest  siK'iety  ill  Irkiitak,  nnd  siinie 
of  the  most  iii;ree.ilile  days  which  I  spent  iiiSiheri.i  were  ill  enjoy- 
ini!  my  interccmrse  with  them.  They  w  ere  now  livini;  in  comfort, 
niixiiit'  ill  aoeiety,  and  ijathi  riii^  nrniind  them  all  tn«  heat  that 
Irkutsk  airiirileil.  The  rniicessTrimhetskoi  had  s|ient  several 
of  her  youthful  years  in  Kiiulaiul.  assoeiatiiii;  with  the  highest 
families  in  the  kiiik.'dnin.  She  was  a  clevir  ami  highly  e<lucate<l 
woman,  devoteil  all  her  energies  to  the  educitinii  of  her  three 
dauiihters  uiil  a  yonm;  sun,  and  was  the  lirat  huly  who  followed 
her  hnslaml  into  .^iheria.  I  lieonl  from  her  own  lips  an  account 
of  her  jiinrney  thniiKdi  these  dreary  re^'ioiis,  when  she  was  at- 
tended only  hy  a  niai. I  servant,  as  well  as  of  her  reception  and 
treatment  when  at  the  mines  of  Nertschinsk.  The  Princess  Vol- 
kouskiii  W.IS  the  next  to  fiillow  ;  she  h.-nlaaonaml  daiiiihter,  the 
lutteroiieof  the  most  U'lMitiful  i,'irls  I  everlieheld.  Koth  these 
families  |«issesseil  everytliiie,'  they  could  desire,  except  lilierty  to 
return  to  their  homes:  with  the  nlhersit  wasdillereiit,  and  with 

two  lift  hem  it  was  iinleeilalianl  slrii',',de  fur  existence. I'hese 

expatriuti'd  instructors,"  says  (  uptuiii  t'ochiane,  "have  tended 
to  improve  and  civilize  Silieri  i,  in  a  ratio  aurpiuiainjj  that  of 
Central  linssia." 

''  In  hisri-xeiit  "TravelsiiitheHei;innsiif  tliell|iper»ml  I.«wer 
Aiiiiior,  "  Mr.  .AtkiiisoiiHiipplieHnswithsomcpainiully  iiiterestin){ 
inforiiiatiiin  as  to  the  prior  episode  in  the  stinly  of  these  uiihupiiy 
exiles :  "  Krniaii  says."  vol.  ii.,  p.  I.S.I,  "  the  nnrortniiateB  of  the 
I  th  of  Deeemlier,  who  had  Wen  loiitined  to  the  settlement  at 
I'liitil,  XX  Inch  lies  lieyonil  the  Itaikal,  on  the  road  from  V(:ikiie 
<  liidiiisk  to  Nertschinsk.  I'liere  are  no  ii.ines  there,  an  that  in 
order  to  carry  out  the  sentence  on  the  convicts  to  the  letter,  they 
haveerecteila|sili»hiii:;inillinxxliicli  to  employ  them.''  Whoever 
has  read  this  paragraph  xx'ill  have  concliide.l  that  the  exiles  were 
employed  ill  tlie  mines  ;  lint  such  is  not  the  fact.  .My  iiiforniniits 
were  the  "iiiifortiinates"  and  their  wives,  all  of  whom  were  liviiii; 
at  Irkutsk,  and  in  other  places  that  I  have  visited.  1  w,is  on 
tirmsof  iiri'at  intimacy  with  th.'se  |s'iiple.  and  retain  many  pleas- 
inu  recollections  of  them.  They  were  taken  from  St.  Peters- 
hiir^h  in  chains,  each  man  in  atele^a(awai;i;iin  without  siirin^s), 
attended  hy  a  i.'eiid'ariiie  (this  is  an  esfiecial  corps  under  tile  coni- 
niaiid  of  the  secret  |«ilicel,  hut  not  hy  the  usual  route  thr.  .ui;h  .Mol- 
cow;  they  were  sent  hy  Varoslaw  and  Vatka.  This  was  tliriiii>,'li* 
part  of  the  country  hut  little  travelled,  and  they  entered  on  the 
ereatSiherianiBil  hoforerruchiiiv;  Perm  (thefronliertownof  l!u»- 
sia  l'ro|H'r).  Onleraxxerekfiveii  that  no  limeHlioiild  he  lost  on  the 
ro.id,iioraiiystop|>ap  alliiwed  except  for  rerieshinent.  Theirjour- 
iiey  was  a  lon^  one,  7,(1'.".)  versts,  and  they  were  hurried  nnwarda 
ni^dit  and  day.  On  the  evening  of  the  thirtieth  day  they  reachexl 
Nertschiiiak,  and  were  handed  over  to  the  authorities.  Mere 
they  slept,  and  the  next  uioriiin)(  iturted  for  tlie  mines,  at  • 
distance  of  27U  versta.  They  reaclied  thuiu  in  the  afternoon  of 
the  followiug  day,  having  travelled  over  7.JU8  vanta  iu  thirty 


DP   AND  DOWN   TIIR   AMOOR. 


281 


T?iiri;ii/.iii  is  fiimoil  for  its  saMos  ;  no  sl<iiis  Imvc  yrt  in     tin'     first     Cini'. — lli;it     of    tlic     Iiot     sprinirs — not 

Ihm'M   t'ounii   in   any  piirt   of  tlif   woriil  njinl   to  tiicin.  sn  cfitaiii.   Iml,    in    llio    latter   ras4<,    nniloulilcijly  ••on- 

Till'  fur  is  a  (li'('|i  ji't  lp|aci\,  lint  llic  [loints  of  tin'  li.iiis  irrcti'ij     wilii    rlii'iniiiil    aftioiis  f.'iiini;   on    al    tin-   |irt'- 

tipiii'il  willi  wliitf,  an<l  tliis  ron-ititiiti-s   tlicir    |MTuliar  ^iit  nioimiil,  ami  siniilar  lo  tliosi'   wliiili  j;i\i'  liirlli  to 

Iti'anly.      Mr.    Atkinson   says  lie  saw  a  sin^li' skin  fm-  tin- tlnTiiial  spiin;;-!.  cvoliuinii  of  napllia  anil  otlu'r  rar- 

wliirli    till'    liniiti'r    ili'nianili'il    tlir    :aiiii    of    I'igliti'i'ii  liiii-i'lcd    |ir.Hliicl>,   ami  to  tin'  rxiNii'Mci-  of  jiiriMain'iit 

jionnils  lirrs  at    Itakii   on    tin'    ('asjiiaii,  ami    at      Klikiik    illiu 

It  must  111!   ri'inarkril   in  roiu'lnsion,  at  tin'  risk   o|'  I'liliylnnlaM  Kfl'atan  ii,  in  UiKv  luiia.   'I'ln'  ran  lii|uaki's, 

lii'ini;  for  a   niomi'iit  sli;;litly  ti'cliuii'al.  tliat   lln'ri-  aii'  nr  ral  licr  scacpiak^'s,  wliirli  aii' ili^rril'i'il  a.^   Minntinirs 

nianili'stly  I'viilriins  of  two   totally  ililli'l'iiit   onli'i's   of  .lisliiilpiiii;  tin'  stillm'ss   of  this  j;i'i'at    lakr,   as   also   tlni 

natural     pln-nonnna     I'onni'i'lr'l     with      Like     llaikal.  iKiinial   s|iiiiii.'s.  may  lifloiii,'  to  om'  or   hoth  milirs  o( 

Tlii'ri'  ail'  thr    liawilts    ami    lavas   ami    otlirr    iuiirons  pln'tionn  na,    hut   as  tlirso   siaipiakrs  are  j,'rnrrally  fol- 

|iroilurts  I'onni'Oti'il   with   ei'iilral   aetion   (oxi.lation   .it'  Inwoil  hy  tin-  ili'striii'lion   of  a    l.ii;;i'   numln'r  of  vciy 

nietallir   hiusi-s),    which    hi'lonj,'  to  roiii|iaralivi'ly,  ami.  |iiiiiliar  lish  whirli  ti'iiaiit  tin- ilipths  of  the  lake,  it  is 

ffeolojfieally  speakiiif;,    ohl    ami   reeent    tinies.       'riien  iim^t  iirohahle  that  thev   are  eonineleil   with   eheniieal 

there  are   the    hot    s|irin;;s,     evolutions    of    Lfases,    a-i  aei  imi^.  I.y  wlii.'h  nnxi.iiis  ;;a~es,  ile,i  nnlive  of  life,  are 

al.si)  of   naphtha,  petroleum,  ami   liitumeii,   whieh  are,  tvohi-.i  in  lari;e  ipiantities.' 


^ 


of  pui)i^)iiiii-ii*,   :tii(l 
'It  :i  mail  vvli.i  ilrt.r* 


nt.i 


two  iliiys.  llcri'  wiis  tlu'ir  jirisini  iiiitl  itlif 
tlifv  i|uu'kl_\  t'oiiiul  tlu'tn^i'lvi'!!  iit  tin-  iiniil- 
niitit'ilto  ftit'in'i' tlu'ir  si'iitftict'  in  lU  uiiii'i-t  riirntr.  'I'lu-y  :irrivi'»i 
on  till'  Wi'ilni'Hilay,  untl  "ii  llii*  toll'iwiii.'  ^I.nnljy  ni'iriiini:  I'riii.-i- 
Vi>lkiiiisk'*i  IViiu't*  rroiilH-tsKui,  lUHirnu'  ot  luTs.lh-i^.in  iln-ir  tniiiiti;^ 
l.ilnMir:*.  Tliis  was  liarti  sorvicc,  wii-Miii^  I  u*  pickaxf  ami  liatii  lu-r 
was*  a  new  <'4SMHi:itiim,  ami  tlii'ir  ki'.-|nT  m  ulc  tlirir  tciil  jk-vrn*. 
TlnMitluTs,  as  thiv  arrived,  uiri'  iliviilf  i  into  ;:  inj>  ait  I  sent  into 
the  mines.  Kuli  was  known  rnily  l>y  liis  nmnltt  r,  uml  lierethey 
wiirkt'tl  I'»r  two  years.  <  >I  liers  were  liaiiisiie*!  t..  :•.  snhtary  lite  in 
III*.' Ions;  s  of  Yakutsk  ;  "uml  oft  ii-'-ie  exiles  I  .-.mlil  aU.»,"  s;i\s  Mr. 
.Vliiins  in.  "  y^\\t'  a  few  iiii'i'lenls  tuat  woiiM  wonl«l  mt  sav  m.:.*ii 
tor  till*  '  It'iiimry  ot'  tin'  piwrimient  -t  its  se^v:l^t- '  ot  rtliieli 
Mr.  Krni:in  speaks.  Several  ot  tliesi'  exiles  (eon\n-is  us  lie  rails 
them)  wen*  ailvani'itl  in  yrars  ami  liu  1  lett  urown  np  sons  aiiil 
il  niiiitters  ;  others,  llieir  juniors,  Wert*  torn  ;n\iiy  I'rom  yonn^' 
eliilili'iM),  an<l  mothers  Willi  inlant>  in  lln'ir  arms  hiul  pr  sseu  np 
to  the  tele;,ris  to  ^r'<\'^  their  ta'her  a  last  lo  (k  al  his  eliiUl.  Some 
liatl  Ut-n  hut  rtuetitly  nnrrleil  many  were  sin^tc,  and  ii  lew  had 
not  reai*  ml  tiu'ir  twentieth    m' ir." 

Th*'  lir".t  lady  who  lollowe  1  her  hnshind  was  tl.e  IVineess 
Trontiftskoi  ;  slie  was  yonuj;  anil  delcrniined  lo  -hare  the  (ate  ot* 
lnT  partner,  ami.  it'  po^-*lhle.  suotht  hi-i  years  ..!'  huni»t)tnt'nt.  It 
was  wilh  irniit    ditHcillty   she   ohtained  per  uission.  ail>l.    witen   it 

was  iffauted,  it   was ipleil  witn  aeou'liion  thit   "  no  laily  who 

tollowi'd  Iter  hnshand  to  his  platv  ot*  exile,  slionld  en'V  reinrn."  1 
Kveii  sO'li  II  eondilion  tlid  ruit  eiian^fe  lier  re^.tlve,  i>nd  she  ^turlrd, 
aeeompauieil  only  hy  a  tailht'nl  maitl  s-rvant,  n ho  de^  <'min'-il  to 
share  her  ilaou'i-r  an<l  her  e.xlie.  She  uainte.l  lo  nie  an  aeeotmt  ot' 
h.-r  a'h-'iiiuroiis  journey  ill'  netrly  o.lHt  i  ut  U-s.  mad<>  durinj"  a 
severe  \v  nil  ei",  v\ht'ii  she  o("ten  ene 'Unteii'd  the  learlnl  stofms  so 
tretpieiit  in  Siheria.  Nor  were  they  the  'tnly  dano^-rs ;  she  had 
(teen  (he  vvtilves  rnmiin);  on  eaeh  side  tie-  sie.l;;e,  reU'iy  t<t  |n»unee 
on  the  horse-,  if  they  slaekene  I  their  sjii-ed  or  ftll.  She.  however, 
reaeliril  Nerts<'hinfik  in  safety,  and  a  vi«-  loy  e:i^ineer  oiKeer.  »*  ho 
was  retnrniiii;  to  the  /iv^d,  kin  Hy -ill'-'cd  to  cM'ort  her  to  Iut 
destiuation.  Iler  impliries  of  this  ^etith'iuaii  were  numeneis, 
Slie  wished  to  know  tin  t..te  of  her  loinhaud.  lie  u'-ive  her  au 
assuranee  that  he  was  well,  liut  uvoide<l  all  oi  ner  <|ih'stions.  t>ii 
their  arrival  sUewa"  taken  to  Uiat  <itlieer's  home,  and  hi?;  wife 
olfere.l  all  the  eouilorls  their  dwelliuj;  alVor.led,  \Wiile  he  >ent  her 
|His.«|t.irt  to  inl'orm  his  ehief  of  her  arrival,  and  expr<'SM-d  \t  h  mi 
her  desire  to  see  the  I'rihee.  IVeseittly,  a  i>oliee-o(lii'<'r  arrived, 
mid  toid  tier  that  he  liad  reei'ived  instrnelions  tomndnet  h<  r  to 
her  ipiartern,  and  thai  nhe  wouhl  he  jH*rmitted  to  see  her  hushund 
on  the  morrow.  A  siiiL'h-  rih.ni  was  as^ijned  to  her  atiil  the  ntibl, 
hearing  all  tlie  us|K'i-ts  of  u  iiri-^m,  and  it  was  annonne.d  llia'-  she 
was  Mot  at  lih'-rty  t.i  vitit  any  one  in  tlie  town  without  ]»er- 
misHion.  Next  inornini;  Khewas  t  <ken  to  tlie  house  of  the  eluef, 
when  she  ur/ed  her  re<piest  to  see  ihr  Primv,  and  alv.  (o  !.e 
tH7rniitt<*tl  to  spend  Konie  lionrs  eaeh  day  in  U\*  s<h-ietv.  The 
tirst  part  i»f  the  re.piest  wa«  j:rauted,  hut  the  Inter  was 
retnsed;  iind  tliis  niun  s..',ii,  ih  Htie  had  eou)e  to  share  h>T 
huKJiamrii  elite,  shit  must  suhuiil  to  pi'ivni  diseip*.ne;  addtn.; 
tliut  she  u.is  not  to  he  perniitte<l  to  wnte  a  sih;;ie  htie  with- 
out its  p;ts-in^  thr -n^h  his  himtlt.  At*l<r  tins  he  orden  d  the 
pttliee  lo  nindnel  her  tii  t  he  I'niiee.  pvinir  ius  nnmU-r;  hnt  n-l 
hiM  ntime,  and  ihent»>  lu-r  d.vellini:.  A  >iedL'e  was  waitiii;^  fur 
them,  and  this  m.m  drove  several  v.t  ^-ts  to  .ttie  of  the  mines,  when 
ithe  Was  (*o:idneleil  'lown  ami  alon^  tjie  L'allery  to  where  the  exd't 
wi-re    working'.      l"or   h    tew    oiomenls   fhey   all   jjaied  uU   Ut^  in 


ania/ement.  thuikiu!;  i(  a  \ision:  and  the  >pell  was  only  hrokeii 
when  she  rushed  into  Iut  hiisluiid's  arms.  1  dare  not  attempt  to 
paint  thi:j  interview;  lint  tlie  I'laiikinir  of  his  ehains  reealled  her 
to  a  kiiowled^'e  of  his  p.i>itl,Mi,  and  the  ])ohee  otliei  r  pnived  that 
h.'  po-se>^eil  a  U'Her  heart  liian  his  eliiet,  hy  removing  her  from 
a  vehe  heartrending  to  all. 

"Tlie  ehief  plaeed  her  fm  prison  fare,  nor  wonl«l  he  jurmit  her 
to  h;<ve  tea.  After  tins  she  saw  the  I'rinee  tmee  a  week,  hut  not  ill 
the  mines.  In  ahont  a  nionllt  two  other  la<lies  arrived  and  went 
thron^h  tin*  siune  onh'al.  Ki^hteen  months  passetl  without  any 
»-ii.uiire.  when  this  Itrnle  uf  a  ehief  was  railed  hetia-i' n  trihunal 
tfom  wliieh  no  e  ean  esea|H'.  I  eali  only  hope  tliit  he  possehsi-il 
'onie  un know  11  o-.m  1  ipi.ihi ies  thai  wonlii  reeonimeml  him  to  mort.* 
merey  than  he  r\ten.lrd  to  tlio^e  m  tier  his  ehai^'e  At^er  his 
death  another  filli.-T  w.ii  appointeil,  who  re»*eived  tiie  lathes  and 
treated  them  as  me<itlM'r.>  o|  ins  fanhlv.  Hi*  did  evervthtn;;  coii* 
sislent  with  his  duty  to  relieve  the  unt'ortnuate  exih's,  and 
tliro-nrii  his  intere -s^ion,  at  the  end  of  two  years,  they  eeused 
to  wtirK  ill  the  mi  les,  and  tlnii  wero  removeil  to  t'hita  and  the 
mid." 

'  The  rea<ter  w  11  Ih»  interested  to  ham  that  e\eti  m  theM' 
remote  le^'ions,  of  whieh  the  civilised  worhl  now  seem  to  heir 
altont  tor  tlie  first  time,  there  has  i>\isled  tor  more  than  forty  y*  urs 
)iast  a  smallliody  of  <le\o'ed  Knt^lish  niissi-tnaru  s.  Tlit^  i<.  at 
SeliMi;;iiiska,  up  the  Seh'oira.  whieh  flows  into  the  Ihiikal  lake, 
and  eommunieales  hy  ii  Inhntary  into  llie  irreal  .\nnH>r  rxer. 
We  Inar  of  I  hem  first  from  the  traveUof  Captain  t'oeiiraiie  in 
Siheria.  in  ls-.i(i. 

'■Martini.'  fVoni  tiie  monastery,  on  the  Uaikal,  alnive  men. 
tioMisl.  over  a  io-A  tl  ;t  p  is:  nn',  uloii;;  awtll  rnilivateil  road-si.le 
and  past  several  villaps,  weiearlu-il  VeMh\  >  tv  I  ditisk,  a  lar;^e, 
iKipiilons.  and  tlonri>liin.r  eity,  tui  the  hanks  of  the  >eleiipi,  ilie 
ijiMiid  mart  lieiweeii  'lelinUt  and  Kiaehta,  tVom  the  tormer  of 
wlich  It  is  ilistant  ahont  2i mi  mths  arroK^  tlie  lake,  and  tlie  Heat  of 
a  vt-ry  extensive  and  i-oiisltlerahle  traile  with  the  nei^hi^oiiriiiu' 
Ihiriat^.  It  r.Misists  of  U.iKiH  inhahilaiits  ni.d  oiHi  li.t;i-,-s.  Kp.m 
if  to  *»elenjiii-k.i  are  seventy  mile*,  w  lit<  li  we  pi  i  fonn*  d  aloiij^  t  in- 
trali^iuinnt  Si-l.-nu'a  in  seven  hours  The  Imuus  of  the  riv.r  hore 
the  most  romanlie  app"  aranre,  the  hills  rising  iiUiv  one  another 
into  the  frontier  nioiiutains,  hut  pre-eiilniu'  no  apjH>aiaiiee  of 
hahilation  eir  pt  in  the  lowest  vaUevs.  I  he  viila^res,  me,  how- 
ever, within  |onr  or  flvn  miles  of  eirli  other,  alonu'  the  kmks  of 
the  river,  lie  immetlialelv  lepaiml  ti>  the  aho.h*  ol  the  Knjii-h 
missionaries  settled  ill  this  part  of  the  worll.  and  was  kiiidlv 
re.-eiv.d  hy  Me-srs.  St.tUv  1  im'^s  ami  Voiiviile,  wnli  their  wive>  and 
innneriiiu  eluMreM,  and  ton  mii.-,  as  it  were,  an  Knu'lish  e-il. ■ii\  tn 
the  o-nlre  ot  h.irhar,sni.  Il<  parsed  i\  e  .iple  of  davs  (atttr- 
wun's  lie  visit  eil  tmpiently )  am-n;;  these  .seeind<d  ami  self- 
(hvoted  iHople  rhi  y  hail,  at  that  tiale,  heeii  eslahlisliid  more 
tlitn  three  vears.  i.nd  hatl  tnetetl  two  luat  and  houieiy  dwdlinL'-. 
with  oiitdionses,  huiall  ^.Mi'hiis,  Ae.  The  KniiMr<.r  of  Kussia 
t  Vlexunuer)  hail  ^rmrKMisy  iiefVa>ed  all  the  expenses  aiul  ^iven 
the  -MHiety  u  u'litul  of  laii'l,  \'v*i'  of  aetual  rent  ami  of 
pu  he  serviee.  Ihey  hadallinde.l  witli  u'' eat  perseveranee, 
im  ti^iry,  and  sneress,  to  the  perfretiie^'  tlieins*lves  in  the 
MoUL'oiiin  lan^T'ii-'*'.  "H'l  li>'l  tiearly  e.imple  e.l,  ev.ii  then. 
.iiel  ..narie*  ami  LTrannnars.  While  learning'  the  .Mon.:olian  lan- 
j  tiue,  tiiev  had  aUo  heeome  aetpiainted  w  itii  the  .Maiitehu, 
owin,'  to  there  h  imr  iii>  die  ionary  of  the  Moiii:..ii.in,  exeept  wi'h 
the  .M.intehu.  So  tiny  learnt  KnsMail,  .Malilrliil,  aihl  Mon^^o. 
hail  al  ti'e  »iime  lone,  and  made  th.  ir  own  L'rainmars  ami  ilietiou- 


■■     ! 


i  N 


I  L« 


II 


'  1 


(:■! 


!!• 


3ta 


ALL  ROUND  THR  WORLD. 


V._POWN  THE  A  MOOR. 


"  HaKI>i.^.  "  ■.;iy>  a  travellt-r.  «lu«.  ill  his  own  |mtvi>ii, 
!ia(l  iiilril  n.T  a  ti-mlorv  >4-iir<-<ly  lens  cxtcnsivi-  tliiiii 
KiLSHJu  itwlt.  '•  hanllv  w:i>  ilii-  WfNt4Tii  Kiii|iii'i'  trinl 
cicii  under  fi"it  liy  tin-  tril"-^  tliat  wire  ripniiiii».siiiin'(i 
fur  tliis  tu.sk  t'niiii  tin-  liliiiif  t<<  tli<-  Anio<>r,  wlicii  Mr, 
wliii  .sy.itematiciilly  viniliiatcTi  his  own  glory  liy  tlif 
t>rn|>liiym*'nt  of  tin-  fifl.l«->t  instriiinfnt!*.  fniiiul  in  llir 
unknown  wilds  of  S<-uiiilinaMit.  t)ii-  pTin  of  ii  nurtlii'rn 
tiil)e,  of  widiT  nuigf.  and  loftier  iiini.  At  oner,  ii-i  if  l>y 
a  inir.u'lf.  a  s<-;inty  and  i>l>s<.'un-  ]"-o|ile  ImrMt  fortli  in  the 
Wfst  and  the  i-a>t.  a>  the  tiomiiiant  ran-  of  tlie  tinii's  ; 
one  i-ai-e  of  .Nomian-  »a«  finding  its  way  throngh 
France  to  Kn^'iaml  ;  while  another  w;i.s  e^talilisliing 
its  siipreniaey  imr  the  Sclavoniaiis  of  the  l><iry«thenes, 
the  two  Ix-ini,'  to  meet  in  o|>|iusite  ilirtt-tioiiN  at  the 
enil  of  a  thousand  yesirs." 

ari<'i>,  ttliirii  bi\i' iIm- »lTanta«rr  ^f  al|>lulK-ti»il  itrraiiKiiiU'iil  over 
tlioM'  in  t'oriniT  um',  in  which  ttM-  «i<>nls  «cre  only  cltiHit*-il  uiiiliT 
the  ililliTi'iit  '•nhji-t-tA  tthe  ra(itaiti  tnu»t  havi-  nieiiiil  thr:rnN>l«). 
A  «lit'tii>iiiir\  MitlitHit  ■t[»tialiK-iM'al  arran^fiiiciit,  with  tlie  \ittr(U 
t'liiMitieil  unih-r  «llb,ivt*.  niu»t  liaie  Uvli  «  Itlleer  ptiz/le  til  the 
iiiiliiiriiitl.  I  iii'v  luuL  aln-wii,  >li»lnhuti<l  traiiKlalHiiiit  (if  iiiuii) 
piirttt  iit'  the  Nrn  I'vst.-iiiMtit  aUmt  tiie  iHichlN>urh<NHl,  uiul  niuile 
iii.inv  jeuriieM*  into  ttie  int«-r><f  *•(  tin-  tn-iintry,  wiiii  ii  y'wn  ti> 
l<-rni  a('i|tiuint;inee«  with  thi^  e- U-f*  simI  pniu-ipiil  lH-e|>lr,  hh  llUii 
wilh  the  lant-jA  or  pne^ts.  A*  \rl  liie^  hud  inaile  ne  conMTU  ; 
their  Moriut  MTtants  otiU  n'luaincd  with  them  lor  the  Nike  el 
Utter  t'lNxl  uilii  lea*  «<trk,  ami  werr  nderahly  ei|»Tt  in  i-iNikiiiu', 
w:itiliin^,  anil  utlendin^  tat^U-.  lite  i>r<liiuiry  fiiml  i>t  theM- liunihle 
MiiT  i.itH,  ti>r  live  ila\!i  in  the  ni-«-L.  w  Ikii  at  h^nie,  i^  hr  ek  ten  ;  the 
(MMir  hut  st'lil'iii  ta'>[e  nmt,  alt  ••uyh  lUy  have  tiem  r.illv  ii  liltle 
int  niiiiHl  uith  their  te.i,  tite  ieave«  nf  witii-h  thi-y  ennHnine  im  Wf 
dii^rienii,  .ind  whieh,  tha*  mi&ed,  o*n»ti1uti>,  <mi  the  whnU',  a 
verv  naiity,  htit  vi-rv  ntxinUiiii);  »ii4i.  J  he  rii-he?*  »»f  the  ihii'fi* 
eiMimst  in  hirp'  lie  il»  <>l  rat:le,  aiiil  mum-  juantitie*  •  (  turn.  The 
iiiiinl>eri>t  9h<'<|'  iiul  k""t>  in  thi»  J«art  .il'ihe  worUl  is  |'ri«li^'iirnii ; 
hiirne<l  nittle  kihI  h  r--- jr>  aU»>»tiTf  nuiuernnit.  "  I  he  llnriats," 
9H\s  ('a|itain  t'lieiirvne,  "ai'far.ira  hit},  tlirtv,  hut  <-itutt-ntril  rare, 
tinil  i|uite  an  iininaniy,  oiwanlU,  aii«l  M-rvdeasthe  KnuiiM'liatkuH.'' 
lie  iliiiihlitl  the  prohiilHliiv  ii(  iiilliM  iirini:  tlnni  t><  relitrioii^  inn 
vemion.  eajic'ei.illv  n*  '.he  Uiiia  |>  iestj  tui*!  taken  tlie  uiarni,  and  tlu- 
Itiiriatri  liai)  hri'ii^ht  tU-ir  ivinr**»»  U«i*.»,  tf>trtit  triit;i/i,»  iuaih, 
frnMi  Thiliel,  at  an  •■ij^-ii*.-  ••!  liitw*  bea*l  ef  i-uttle. 

This  Ma«  in  I'^i".  \\  ••  lievir  "<^tln-  iiii»-i<".arie»  apiin  thmufrh 
(Miveriior  Siin{>s"n,  in  |s|i.  t»iiitv-t«o  _vt-4r«  Uiler.  He  hail 
nut  vi»iiitl  liiiii.  hut  s|>4.',  thr>>u/h  ttx-  rei«'rt  'f  Kussiaii  uHliials 
eDiiininnieutitl  ti>  him,  whtU- v;»itiiiir  til.-  I..ik<-  Ituikal.  >iN-iikiii^iil 
what  liie  Kniin'ror  Aliiamkr  lixl  Joie.  he  pK-i  im  In  miv  Ihal 
that  Kni|kTiir's  iiUrililv  -  ui><«|it>lW<l  in  any  other  ronntrv  in 
I'hristemloni  — was  <till  |»nn.tttj  to  wi^ri  its  »h>  under  the 
aiispiei's  o|'  the  Kinj»'r«»r  Nu-!.  -Us.  But  tho^  di-votisl  fMit>.  li-wi 
liiriuhate  in  this  nsfieet  tluii  their  hnslhn'n  ot  the  Tahiti. in 
iiilaniU.  found  that  a  Uul  nlitrvin,  alatrter  nii):iit  U'  its  muiiUr- 
vuiliiiu'  inerit!«,  wa*  a  wor**  etiefnT  <<<"  tin-  puriT  antl  simple  fhris 
tianitv  >t'the  llihle  tlian  iv>  r>  t)^  iti  at  all.  I  he  llnriatK  pn>les>rd 
the  l.annesiii  ol  Tliihei,  with  it»  iVwiinaiit  priotluMnl,  and  its 
hIioIi-  lihrarie;!  of  <*n-«-iU  ami  nmiiueitLani-s.  aii«l.  iitalrr  their 
liereditury  prejtiiliei-t,  l<«-ui  aiMl  nalioii.i>,  aiM-ml  and  jiolitinil,  lii«-. 
rtirv  and  eeelemitsficiti,  tlit-T  ila-hU-nat«-l\  and  olnitinuti  1_\  Jireterifd 
till'  tlu'kirin):  t;hin'  of  th<ir  umn  hlulatrv  to  tin-  ^rniiine  li^'ht  of 
till'  (f<is{a*l,  Kpini  fHilith'jl  motive*.  Imwrvt-r,  ihe  ItusHian  lio- 
vi'nimeiit  waa  said  to  U-  anii<Mxa  to  riniciluile  Ijniiui^ie  ;  and  the 
linsk  I'hiirrh  had  it«  jr«h>usir«  niiuavl  lij  the  suspii  ii  n  that  the 
halllt'd  rrotf^tant.s  vv..re  striving  to  |irev«iit  the  It'irititu  from 
I'liihrai'iii^  aifr  other  form  of  lTiri»iLaiiity  tiiBii  their  owi;.  "In 
a  Word,"  O'lieliidtsl  Itovt-rt'tr  Siin|i^  ri.  "tlw  inm«ionuries,  to  the 
Im'sI  of  niy  knowUsij:!',  maiU'  init  inir  real  eoinrrl.  while  Ihry 
wi-re  MtiU  inori'  M-riotislv  tli-««s»ur,i*r»d  h_v  tht-  fai-l,  that  t-vrry  pre- 
ti'tideil  pros4-lyte  o-N'nlv  rrU)M««l  a*  <iH4i  a«  he  tiad  ^iiini-d  the 
tas'ulur  ends  of  his  tntire^ltil  hvfxTtM.  Almut  ten  years  alms', 
they  retinst  from  thiir  i*-alou«  Ut«4ir».* 

This  was  written  in  IhI;;;  hi.t  lii>v(-m<TSiiit|ianii  was  mi^taU-ti. 
for  .Mr.  AtkiiiMiu  iis-aks.  wlirn  wriTiiip  in  l*vVH.  of  two  l:in;li^h 
ni.HH  >>iiarii-s  n  Kiilinc  in  >«-lat.<lui»k,  "  wb>.,  tr-m  ad  I  heanl,  wrn- 
Iit4»st  cstt'i  ahle  m«-ii  .  nt-si^hrk-^a,  tUv  writ-  uiuabte  I41  make 
isinvvrla  aiiion^'  the  lluhala.' 


I  Wliile,  othi'r  great  iiations  liad  Ikn-ii  for  eeiittirieH 
'  seeking  11  wiiy  to  the  Hist  and  its  iieasiircx  hy  the  neA, 
the  t'lKsnaeka  «>f  Kiis.sia  ii|i|M-ar  t<i  liave  Im-vii  htiiiggling 
aunittH  tilt-  viu«t  continent  of  .\sia  towaniK  tin-  »anie 
iilijeet,  and  they  had  nearly  uttaine<l  it  in  tlie  ITih 
eentiiry,  and  liail  even  reaehisl  the  .s<-ii.  in  (h-tii<  ' 
|iartii.s,  lint  llirn,  tlioiii,di  diverted  hy  ('hiii,i  fioin  the 
direet  line  of  .lajiaii,  they  |M'nelr:ited  tu  tile  Sea  t>f 
Okhotsk  in  a  higher  latilinle. 

At  last,  however,  tin-  |M-r»'vemiK-p  <if  this  great 
i'oni|in'ring — anil  a.vsnredly  the  iiii«it  civilising  of  cmi 
i|tiering  nation.s  since  the  ISoiiMiis—  has  triniii|.)ied,  and 
Hti.ssia  in  rewarded  hy  the  attHiiiliient  I'f  a  line  <if  river 
which  eiiiini'ils  her  wiilely  dividid  |ii-ovineeH  tnin  tlie 
shores  of  the  I'acilic  to  the  Caspian  ami  the  ISIaek  S<-a, 
the  liallic,  the  \\  hite  Sea,  and  Friizeii  Oi't-aii. 

The  Archi|iel,'ij.'..  of  the  Knrile  Islands,  of  wliich 
the  more  sutitli  westerly  U'loiig  to  the  ,la)<aiiehe,  coin- 
jiletes  the  line  onvkhich  Itiissia  dirietly  and  iininc- 
diately  intliieiices  nearly  all  the  jaiwer^  of  the  tdd 
continent—  Sweden — now  eMeinling  to  the  Atltintic; 
Prussia  virtually  im  liidini;  all  the  minor  states  of 
tiet'tiiiiny  ;  Austria  iiml  llalv  :  Turkey,  from  the 
IhiliilI.e  to  the  eataraets  ot  the  Nih-  :  l'ei>ia,  horderilig 
on  the  .sea  that  washes  the  eoa.st  of  Malalar;  I'eiitrul 
Asia  marked  hy  the  foolst«]c  ol  nearly  all  tlie  coii- 
i|iierors  of  llimiiistan  :  'IhiU  t.  containing  the  .s4iiirces 
ol  the  1  iiriiiiii|>i'ota  iind  the  (iaiigis  :  (  hina,  meeliiig 
Spain  in  the  I'hilijipincs  :  and  !'•  rtii^'til  and  Knglaiiil, 
in  her  own  islands  ;  and  la.stlv,  ,la]'aii  it.'-i'lt.  tlint 
iiivsterioiis  empire,  wliieh,  hitherto.  I. as  htiod  uliad 
alike  from  the  eoinn  eiee  and  Wiii'laie  et  the  world. 

Tile  Aimxir,  then,  alter  11  lining  Iroiii  Central 
Silieria  into  China,  turns  Imek  iipwaids  towaiilK  the 
Noi'thern  Pole,  thus  iiielosing  a  wide  .share  of  Asia 
within  its  fold.s,  and  ti  rininating  in  a  liiy.  which  Icing 
hotiiiiled  in  front  l>y  the  Ishii'd  ol  Sagaiin,  the  iipvtaid- 
iiiost  of  the  .lapaiiesi'  group  (ijow  a  Hns-sian  I'OK-es.'ioii), 
opens  hy  one  stniit  into  the  Sea  'if  Okliot.sk,  and  hv 
another  into  the  Sea  of  .la|i;in. 

No  iiatioii  on  the  nirtli  |o^^t.'.ses  m>  rich  a  pi  iz4',  nor 
in  iheie  any  other  ntition,  e.\ct|.t  tlic  Vnitcd  States, 
that.  Were  Mich  a  river  in  its  ]«>».ession.  ■wnnld  Ix- 
likely  to  Use  it  s|  iidily,  it  d  at  1  me,  to  mi  ginid  H  pur- 
pose :is  Pii.ssiii.  For  onrMJv.s.  the  nation  that  has  for 
celiliiries  |Hisscssed  the  Coliiiiihia.  the  Saskatchewan, 
iind  the  jjieat  1  oliin  1  lion  ],\  thi'  Canadian  I^ikes,  hiit 
has  tiM'd  iIkiii  tor  no  other  pnijoM'  than  for  hnnting 
■if  l.cave|-s  ;  a  Imtioii  that  lia.s  siaieely  yet  a]>pli«<l 
steam  to  theCniiges.  and  thcMiy  inland  watt  r  com 
n.iiiiicatioii  of  wlo.-e  I  wn  tiiritory  is  \et  iindeveloiietl ; 
We  tinist  letire  liom  ih.  pietinsioii  ol  U'lng  civ  iliM-rs, 
and  he  colli)  nt  to  s(|iial  I  le  li>r  Miiall  priv  ihges  w  it  h 
tho.se  colonies  which  lia\e},'iown  tiled  of  our  ignorant, 
ill-direi  ted  and   iiijmlicii'iis  intetleDme. 

In  aliiio-t  eveiy  jioiiit  of  view,  the  Ainoor  is  the 
most  vjiltialile  stream  in  iioiih<rn  Asia.  Of  all  the 
large  livers  of  that  l-'lilidless  ngii'li,  it  is  the  onlv 
one  that  empties  itself  into  a  liavigalde  |«r1  id  the 
Mtiiversal  ocean.  Thetlhi,  the  ^'eiii.-v^i,  ami  the  l.<'iia, 
carry  the  waters  of  the  Altai  inonntaiiis  to  the  Polar 
Sea,  there  to  lie  lost  to  commerce  as  ellii  tiiallv  im  if 
liiiried  in  the  s^inds  of  a  hnrning  desert  :  the  Vanu, 
the  liiitigirka,  the  Alasei,  and  the  Kolvma,  whnh  ri.se 
in  a  siiliordiiiate  range,  waste  till  ir  res|H'i'tive  trihiites 
on  the  same  hopi  h  ss  w  liilerness  ol  iee  :  and  the 
.Vmidvr  and  the  Kaiiisi  l.alLa  liver,  thoii^di  thev  do 
Iind   their    way    to    the    Pacilic.  are   yet   u(  HHimdar}' 


t'  .1 


UP  AND  DOWN  THE  AMOOR. 


283 


r  (•(•iiturit'ii 
\iy  till'  »e*, 

I  htninj{liiig 

K     I  lit-    SHIIII* 

II  tlu-     I  Till 

II    ilrtlii  ' 
.1   I'iKlll     llir 
the  Seu    of 

this   great 
■iiij;  (if  i-oii 
iiii|'lit-(l,  iiiiil 
line  of  livfi- 

t'H     til  III    till' 

-  Itla.k  S-a, 

all. 

s,  of    M')iicll 

•HIICN',   COlll- 

aliil  iiiiiiif- 
of  tlif  olil 
10  Atlaiitii'  ; 
ir  Htates  «'f 
.  from  tin- 
II,  lioriloriiij: 
■:ir ;  IViitral 
all  tlif  cuii- 

tlif  soiirres 
ilia.  iiK'i'liiig 
imI   Kiiglaiiil, 

itM-lt.    tliat 

htt'Oil  aloof 
111-  worlil. 
-i>iii  Cciitral 
IowiiiiIn  the 
lurr  of  A^ia 
«liii  li  I  <-iiig 

till'  ii|i«aitl- 

I  J'OKMS'ioll), 

t>k,  aiid  l>v 

a  ]>iiz«>.  nor 
|iit««l  St  at  lis 
Wolllti     Ik- 

p^xl  a  |iiir 

tlillt  llll^  for 

katrlu-wiiii, 
l.i.k<N  liiit 
>>r  liiiiitiij); 

kit  a|>|i|i<il 
watrr  colli 

|i(li-\i'l>>]i<'«l ; 

\f:  ri\  iliwrs, 
ili>;<->  with 
ir  i^iioniiit, 

lioor  ii>  till* 
lof  all  I  hi' 
t)ir  only 
|«rt  ot  till' 
thi'  Iauh, 
l>  thi'  I'olar 
liiiilly  an  if 
Itlii-  Vmiiu, 
l«  lilt  ii  ri.x) 
III-  tril'iiti's 
ami  till' 
111  thi-y  ilo 
Im-<  oiKJiirv 


Toliiino  in  thfmwlvps,  while  tin-  ocnintries  whidi  they  I 
driiii   li;iv<'  litll'- or  Ilo  use  for  maritime  outli'ls.     The! 
Ainoor,   ill  fin't   is    tlio    only  lii!{hw.iy  of    iiaturK  that  ' 
direi'tly    coniifrt.s    thr    ceiitr.il    sti'|i|M'.i    of    Asia   wiili 
the    ri-st    of    tin-   world.       Wliili!    Imtli    siih-.'i    of    the  ' 
AiniMir   lii'lontji'il    to   (.'liiii.t,   it   was  li-.ss  usi'fiil,  a.'<  a 
rhaiiiu'l    of  tr.itho,    thin   any    oiio  of    the    ice  loi'ki-il 
rivcrsi  of  Silx-ria.       Slimilcl   n  t  hnmiiiiity,    thcrt'fori', 

ri'joice.   that  rt nt   |iililii',il   arnii^i'ini'iitH  havn  ({ivon 

one  of  its  li.inks  to  Kii-isii,  ami  mi  thrown  o|ii'n  its 
mighty  Htrt-am  to  the  coiniiuTrf  of  tin-  w..rlil,  while 
it  airorils  lo  lier-.'if  the  means  of  ooii'luetiii'^  ii  tnnle 
with  (.'hiii.'i  ami  tlie  other  roimtries  of  the  Kast,  mon- 
extensive  ami  more  ailvaiilaijecius  than  any  overland 
eoinmeree,  fiiriiishiie.;  not  only  a  ii'eeptaele  for  vc's.sels, 
Imt  also  materials  for  Imil  liii^  fheni,  as  well  as  from 
its  |iroxiiiiity  to  the  sea  of  J  pan,  tiriiiiiin,'  h''r  evi'ii 
xs  :i  marilinie  jiower  inti  inlliiential  oont^iel  with  huth 
her  o|iiileiit  nei^hlHinrs. 

Towards  the  elosi-  of  the  sixteenth  century,  and   in 
the  ti|-st  i|iiart«'r  of  the  sevi'iiteenlh,  a  few  liainlliils  of 
Cossjieks  were  siieeesst'nlly  cutting   their  way  from  the 
Anihiaii    ehain    to   the    Ij'iia,  there  to   encounter  and 
KiilNliie    the    Tiiii^iisiin    hordes,    which,    hy    the   most 
I'Xti-aordinaiy    i-ontrist    in    the   history  of    tin'   worhl, 
were,    at   one    and    the    same    time,    fallin','    liefnre  the 
mere  oiitjiusts  of  Kiissia,  and  liiim|ihng  nnder  loot  the  : 
ancient    dynasty    of   Cliini.      Ity    tin;    mi  Idle    of   the  '. 
si'V.  nteeiith  century  the  Uiissians  hid  ailvun'ecl  a  con-  ' 
sich-ra'dc  \v.i\  down    liitli  s'des  of  the  .\m  lor,  hiving 
the  Ricilic  I  Iceaii.    :ts   it   were,   alreiilyiii   their   view,  ' 
when  (Miiiia,    liaviie.;  aci|iiirel   a   ne-A- interest   to  tlie 
iiorthwanl,    through    her   iiiv  ilnn'ary  conneclioii  with  | 
the    Tartars,     turned    her    arms     towanls     the     s^une  i 
i)Uarter.      .Vt'iera  ;;iMid  dej  i.f  I'mhiin:;,  in  which   the  ' 
Kiissiiiis,  iioi u jtlistan  liii'.' tlii'ii'  inl'eiiorily  in  nnmlier,  ' 

ahvays  dealt  the  hii'h-  I  Mows,  the  Cliiii ,  piitly  hv 

trickery,  and  |iiril\  oAum  to  tlii-ir  heiii^  uiii  h  ncaier 
lo    their    re^iiiici'<.    loicd  lli-'ir  danijcroii^    encmv,    liy 

ircaty,  to  n le  iV.iiii  the  .ViiUKir  to  th  '  line  ot'  li  ■nn  larv 

terminal iTii;  in  the  .si-a  of  t>klioNk,  in  leailv  ilie  niiih' 
|iarillel  of  lititnde  as  afterwards  divide  1  Kii^,ia  t'rom 
Kn'.rland,  on  the  i-.'Lstern  shore  of  the  I'eili'.  The 
tii'.ity  in  niiesti'in  was  mule  in  lliS  i,  soon  al'ler  the 
commencement  of  the  rei:;ii  of  I'eli'r  th  '  tJn'.t  ;  and  ! 
this  most  aniliitioiiH  of  the  t'/trs  was  doii'iili'ss  the 
more  n- idy  to  ratily  the  dishononr.ilile  and  disal- 
vaiitane  'ii-  i'im|iact,  inasmuch  as  .me  ,,(  its  collateral 
sti|iiil.iti.in>  |iio\  ided  I'oiihe  o|n'iiii|.,>  of  a  ri'^iilar  tia'lis 
liy  land  lietwecii  the  two  ein|iires  Tills  treaty,  that 
of  Nertschin-sk,  sti|iiil.ili' I  tor  a  ri'cijirocal  liherlv  of 
initlickin;;  Im'I wi'cii  the  ltii>-ian^  and  the  ('liinesi',  and 

ai rdlii;;ly,    individiiiU   •<i\    tin  ir   own    accoiinl,    and 

carivaiis  on  U'lialf  of  ilie  t  i.ivernment.  iiM'd  to  vi-il 
I'ekill.  Hut— IS  li:i.s  ha|i|>eiieil  at  .la|>an  lict'ore  wil  li 
the  shi|>s'  crews,  ami  will  in  all  prolialuHl v  lia|i|>eii 
a^piiii  -the  Muscovites  const.intly  set  so  had  .in  example 
iM'foie  the  si-date  iiili  iliitaiits  of  the  Iiii|ieiial  Citv,  in 
the  way  of  drinkini;  and  roysteriiij;.  that  at'ler  exhaust - 
ill^  the  jiatience  ot  the  t'clestials  iluriii',;  a  period  of 
thirt/three  y.-iirs,  they  were  entirely  ih-prived  of  their 
romiiiiTi  iai  privile-jes  in  17:?.'.  Ki\e  \i'ais  afterwards, 
coiices-sioiis  ,iiid  apolii^rics  from  Kiis^ia  olitained  in 
ITl'H  a  market  ami  <'m|i<u'iuiii  on  the  international 
frontier,  i-ach  ii.ition  haviiijja  citv  of  iis  own  wherein 
t«i  trade  the  I  'liiiii>sp  having  Maiiiiatchin  ;  the  Itii.ssians, 
K  iitchU. 

Though  at  lirst  the  Huiuiiaus  were  ilouhtless  g.iiiiers 


liy  the  treaty,  they  soon  he;jan  to  feel  that  .1  fair  »t 
Kiaohta,  or  a  factory  at  I'ekin,  were  a  poor  cxchanga 
for  the  only  direct  channel  of  commuiiieation  with  the 
I'.ieitic.  What  has  f  illowed  wiis  the  natural  result  Ol 
the  persistent  energy  of  Itussi.i  op'ratiiii{  upon  the 
inert  fecldeness  of  the  Chiiie-^e  (Jovernment. 

The  river  Anioor,  or  Sa.;aliii,  presents  two  widelr 
ilistiiiet  liydro^ra|ihic,'tl  Ii;i8ins  ;  iinu  hchui^  to  Mon 
Holia,  or  D.iniia,  and  the  country  of  the  Kalka-s,  the 
other  to  Manlcliuria.  The  two  are  si'parated  hy  thr 
In  chan  or  K  iML:li:in  chain  of  mount  lins.  The  .Mon- 
jjoliaii,  or  ''pper  .\ni'Kir,  is  again  fonncil  hy  two  great 
triliiitarie.s,  tlie  Cliilka  ami  tlio  .\r:,'un,  the  first  of 
wliiih  his  its  ori;;in  from  the  .southern  slopes  of  tin 
Vahlonoi  and  Stavoimi  mountains,  and  the  second  from 
the  groups  of  mountains  first  delineated  hy  Atkiiisiui, 
and  wlich  extend  fi''>iii  the  district  of  Lake  ISaikal 
to  till- I  ireat  1  >eseit  of  ( iohi  or  Sliamo.  Hence  it  is, 
too,  tliiit  the  .Vi'giin,  which  has  n  eouise  of  .some  thou- 
siml  miles  hel'oi'c  it  unites  with  the  Anioor  at  I'.st 
Strelka,  ami  waters  s<uiie  of  the  tinest  pisture  lamU 
of  all  .Mon'4  ilia,  ha;'  tiei'ii  handed  down  from  geiieni- 
tion  to  gi'iier.ilion  as  the  holy  river  of  the  Mongols, 
liotli  rivers  are  nai  iu'a'de  al"ne  their  junction,  the 
(-'liilka  up  to  N'crts  lun^k,  well  known  for  it.s  great 
metallurgical  works;  naturally  they  are  still  more  .so 
after  their  Junction  The  .Siingiri,  or  Maiitchnriaii 
lirai;;li  of  tin  Amoor,  has  its  origin  from  the  eastern 
and  Kouthci'ii  slopes  of  the  In-chaiior  Kliing  han  nioiin 
tains,  and  it  j  li  is  the  Amoor  helow  the  t 'liine.se  city  of 
Sagalin,  at  .1  pont  where  the  gre.it  river  takes  a  more 
north  easteilv  coin's '. 

It  is  ill  the  forests  that  slijide  the  sources  of  the 
.\rguii — -the  most  distant  sources  of  the  Amoor — and 
ill  the  rocks  that  surround  tlicm,  that  (ienLjhis  Khan 
was  lioiii,  and  ri'cei\ed  tVoiii  tie,'  gods  the  mission  to 
lead  his  conntrymcn  to  the  eompiesi  of  the  world.  No 
Kiilkas  chief  visiis  tlese  veneialed  Inc.ilities  without 
uttering  .soiiii;  rintliniii;  incaiital  ion.  It  is  sjiid  that 
these  iiomades,  .seine.;  the  t.'liiiiese  empire  falling  to 
piei'cs  as  that  of  l!u~>ia  gains  in  strength,  have  trans 
ferrcd  to  it  an  alle^imce  which  they  had  previously 
wiihlii'ld  from  the  .Mautihu  dynasty,  yet  ruling  awhile 
on  thetln'oiieof  I'ekin.  It  i<  iii  ue  than  proli.ilile  that 
the  d  lily  enuroaclinii  nts  of  the  Itussiaiis  in  .Mantchuria 
have  much  inllueiiced  the  Kilk  is  trilies  in  this  resolu- 
tion. Till'  111  inner  in  which  these  eni'ioichmciits  have 
lieeii  ellc'ted  is  truly  characti'ristic  of  .Muscovite 
|M>licy. 

The  treaty  of  N'ertsihinsk,  concluded  in  17.1-1  lietween 
Itusgia  and  t  hin^i,  d<  sjgnated  the  Vahloiiois  .Moini 
tains,  which  gi\e  hirlli  to  the  northern  triliutaries  to 
the  .\ini)or,  as  the  iialural  trout iers  of  the  two  empires. 
Hut  in  ISI."|  a  Itnssiali  tra\eller,  .M.  Middeiiiloif, 
discovered  ill  the  \allcy  of  one  of  those  streams,  and  far 
away  frniii  the  coast  ot'  the  Valilonoi,  a   fronliei     mark 

(.Sir  p.  28o)  nii-e.l   at  the   ti f  s;ii.l  tr.ity   hy  the 

Chini'M' commissioners,    wlio  wi  re  no  douht   t^i   idle  to 
convev  it  to  the  sumiuit  of  the  luouiitjiins.    A  note'  wan 


'  'I"lii'  tuiiinilarieji  nt*  t'liinii  :iii.l  ItiKiin  nrn  intir'^cl  tty  Inffy 
»<«iil.ii  i«wtn,  iTiftiil  (111  si. me  |Hit('stals  (Sre  ]\  "JN")),  iiiiil  Ih'iu- 
ill;;,  on  tin'  une  si.li'.  mi  iii«'npti.iM  in  t'liiiniii.,  :iii>l  en  llii>  iillii'r, 
.nie  ill  ItiisHiiui.  'I'lie  t'liincsi' t.iwiiH  an*:il\vii\!i  nt  Niniin  iliHtiuu'o 
rr.nii  tin'*'  fiMiilier  marks,  iiwimj  t.i  tlie  ji'al.iiisy  of  her  nubjecU 
In.liliiii;  miy  cniiiniiiiiicatinn  witli  fori'iuinT^.  Tin)  cniiiiiifiiiiliim 
ottii'cr  ill,  iiliii.).ii  itiviiriiilily,  a  li.iniiliiHl  iiMinl.irii),  wlio  i«  nnii- 
jhIIoI  til  live    like  tin'  i>  .l.iiurs  Ik'iiij  Ji'iiie  I   lj<i.,li    iiniiicy     i.iiil 


If 


il 


I  I 


Hi 


51 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WOULD. 


iniiiifilinli'ly  miulr  ii(  tin'  fa^'l.  llio  Iln»i:iii  iiiii|is  wcri' 
riiiTirtrd.  ami  ^.'ruliiiilly  tin'  .Mu.vuv  ili'  |Mi>.-f»iiiii.s 
wiTi-  fxti'iiilcil  111  the  viTV  viilli'y  111'  the  Aiiii«>r 
Ninilaii'vsk,  ii  fiirtr<'M.s,  uiis  ruimili'il  at  its  inniitli  ;  ami 
U'lii'ii  ail  I'liviiy  I'rniii  Trkiii  wnil  lliillii'i'  (<■  iiitiiiiati- 
tj>  tilt'  ISii«M,iii.s,  aivoriliiiii  t«>  till'  tiii'imila  of  tin' 
('I'li'Htial  l'!iii|iii'i',  tliat  tiny  11111^1  |mii';;i'  tin-  soil  iit' 
tlirir  |iri'Sfm-i'.  the  aii-^wir  was.  |M'iiilim,'  tu  tlir  liaitt 
rii'N  aiul  til  Miiiif  sl(Mi|ii  lit' war  ill  tlir  ;,'riat  river,  tliat 
that  was  i|iiltr  rliiiii;,'li  In  liiiiliiiiatisi'  ami  In  i,'ivi'  per 
liiaiii'liri-  til  ai'('ii|ii|i|i>lii'il  tails. 

Ill  I X.")  I  till'  l>ii»iaii  s,'"Vi'riiiiit'iil  i|i's|iati-lii'il  a 
xoiciititir  cxiii'ilitjiiii  111  i\|iliiii'  its  nrwly  ari|iiiri'i| 
ti'iriliirii's.  .\rriviiii»  at  Irkutsk  in  tin'  wintn',  its 
ilitli'i-i'iit  iiiriiiliris  siarii'il  ill  till'  ailvciit  iif  s|iriii:;  liy 
Lake   Itaikal    ami    Kiarlita.'    ami    criissiiiir    iln'mc   llii> 

licijjlits   lit'  tlic    Sta\ i.     tlii'y    riMiliril    tlw   tnwii    ut" 

I'st  -  Strrlk  i-  I'M  tlir  I'iiilk.i,  wliiii'  a  stiMiurr  was 
awaiting'  tliriii  tn  I'mixry  iIhiii  ilnwii  llic  rivi'r.  'I'lir 
ill-tails  cif  tlirir  jmirmy  ilniifi'  may  lir  i;i\i'ii  in  tlir 
wnnls  iif  M.  I'iriiiikiii.  ;,'inl.i:.'ist  ami  naturalist  In  tin' 
i'X|K'ilitiiin. 


iiKsistanro  from  lii!«  fr'nnils^  Imt  ns  ilip  pout  is  pMiiTilly  iHTiipinl 
li_\  .4  iHTMtti  wii"  )mi  lti'.-ti  I- tiiiiriniiril  i<i  .liMlli  t'.tr  :i  L^rr.tt  iTiiiii', 
111'  is  lain  t"  iirii'|it  iii-  parilori  111!  roiiilii'iii  III'  MTviiii;  '''H  .Vi'iirs 
as  I'liii  I  ol'tlii'  irniinl 

'  Kiui'lii.i  anil    .M:iiin:ilcliin,   nr    "  lln'  riiii t'  Tnnlr,"    utiiiiil 

williiii  lliri'i'  tiiinilri' I  varil- •it'iMili  uIIut.  anil  iirr  riMrlu'il  liv  a 
iiiiiti*  iiliiiii;  till-  l»;\t'i' >i  irii^:a  tlirmiuli  att-'Ht  si\I_\  niil's  iil  ilrrtrv 
M-i  111  rv  t'ro.ii  .'^I'li'ii^'iii^lva,  \\  ihti  llir  r'a-i  liirii>  nil' frnin  llii*  ri\iT, 

.iti<l    is   iMtitiiiai'il  "Vrr  a  111 p'-ii   .mil  \\'">  it-.l    i-unntrv  in  tin- 

riiitirs«>  I'nMttiT.  ( 111  ri- ii'liiii.'  ivi.irtit.i.  liii'  liilis  ri^'  in  a  r<' 11- 
ni.iiiilinhr  inarniiT.  spri'iiilii;;  <>  it  lu  vami'js  iliri>i-li<'n'i,  .iint  Inniiui.; 
liiMiilit'iil  lint  inipniliii'Mvc  valli'\s.  .\  litlli'  iinxik,  rilli'l 
Kiarlita,  faniis  tin'  Imin-iarv  of  tin*  t  ivn  niiu'lity  cnipiri's,  tiri<I 
till  si'ltli'iiii'iits  ari'  sitiiitiil  as  iii'.iriv  :is  pnssiiiU' in  tin'  lil'iirl  1 
pirallrl  III  l.iiiliiili',  almiil  l.allii  niili's  I'nini  l*rl>i:i  (li'ii  ilavs  liir  a 
» ■■  irirr.  liiirlv  li'r  a  i-aravaiii.  aii<l  alhiiil  K'lli'  I'mn  .Mns-inv. 
!:>  Ki.ii'lita  iMily  trailiTs   iii.i_\   rr%hli' ,   in  .M.iini.iti'tiiii  tin' I'linir'H' 

Ml  1« aii'i  t'l-.i^l  straii^iT--  ,iii<t  rririni^.      Kiarlit.i  cunltiii'*  larji* 

li  n-^'s  aii'l  >l  Trs.  .M.iiiiiali'iiin  lia-*  f'lir  n.irn>\v  stri'rts.  wtn 
,1  Hxlt'D  li"ii-i's,  iiHitiiiiiiiii:.  iliiriri);  till' lair,  Iniai  1..'>(HI  In  J.n.ni 
|iirsiiin.  Till'  stns'Is  arr  I'li'an.  In  tin-  v  nlri'  nf  all  U  a  pa^inl  1, 
nr  iilisiTvaliirv.  nl'  tlini'  stnrii's.  Mir  linnsi'  nf  lln'  Saiik'n'rlia, 
nr  flnprriiitriiilant,  is  iif  sunn'  pri'tt'iision*,  «  itii  a  I'liiirt-yaril  Init 
is  .'iil\  't'liiii'  »l  'ri'v  ;  lliiTc  is  1  sni  ill  ti'^npli'  "I'l''"  ami  .1  r  'iitl  nf 
jusli.i-,  a  lt't!»  tlnatrr,  ami  'lu'iiall  tin'  piiMir  linililin.-s  :iii' 
l"M.  'I  111'  w.iiltliirr  ini'ii' lants  li.ui'  larci'  h"'isi".,  tastrt'iilly 
itrc'irali' I.  'I'i'a  is  rraiit  at  all  tniii'-.  ami  ilintur  niTi'  olti'ii  tli.iri 
V'lll  IMII  rat  it.  Kri'i*  p.is- !,:•'  In-twi'i'll  I'arll  tnwil  IS  allii^M'il 
Ix'twii'ti  siinoft  anil  siiiirisr.  Krnin  tins  inarki-t  liiissi.i  laki'S 
i;.iiiiii,iiiiii  nl'p  .iiii'U  "f  li'a  aiiJ  :iilii,iiiiillli<  nf  rliiiiiiirli,  uitli  siks 
•  •;  \.iri'iiis  kimU,  \\  hill' till' ('liiiir'ti'  i-iT'ivi'  in  rxi-iian^i'  tnr-,  ainl 
Mi-'lU'ti*,  meals.  If'atlii'r,  lini'ii-.  ami  rnltuns,  writiti.,'  pi|M'r,  :iiiil 
arlii-lis  iil'iT-H  kify  'I'litTi'  is  ;iU  I  ;i  iiiiii'ir  I'icliaii;.'!'  nr  r<  tail  iif 
^'i-aiii  ami  pr'<\  i-iii^.s.  liii^si.i  s,'|l>  i,|*  In  r  ii\i  11  tiat  t\  ■-  prisliii'i'  in  tlii< 
pr'|Hirli.iii  i)f  siMi'i-iit  I  111  rl_v-t  .vii  III'  fnri'U'ii  i;in«1i,  1  Ih'  (rraiiil 
si-as"n  I'.ir  Im-iui'ss  is  tlu'  uintiT,  Uvitiniii.'.  liy  riijiits,  alinin  tlu' 
I  i*t  ui'rk  111 , I  anil. I  ry.  .Mucin  it' tlir  ri.irsi-  lirirk  ti'a  isran  ii'il  li\  tin* 
Kiissiuiis  In  Nijiii  .Niivl'iT'nI.  :ii  il  tinii  ill  spalilii'il  li  tlif  prn- 
\niri'  n|  ,\»:nikliiiii  t'nr  tin'  iisr  n|  tlic  K.il  iiiiiks.  Tin'  t'X|Kirtii 
anil  iiiip.rls  n|    Ki.nlit.i  a,.'  xainnl  at  f:i,iHKi,i| m. 

-  I  ■.!  Mr.  Ua  •!  mils  ilihM'  tn  '  li.sjiini  I  inn  nl  tin'  ih.i  riviTs,  tin' 
'  "Iiilka  nr  lliiitka,  .Hill  till'  .\r,:iin.  wlnrli  niiili'il,  at'ti-r  .i  I'niirsi- nl' 
T'lii  null's  in  tin'  rn«t,.iml  l.nnil  mill's  in  ll.i'  l.iili  r,  I'mm  ilir 
.\uh"ir.  Till' I'Timr  MVi  r  n  iiiM-  Irniitlic  ^  aliin  1  li,  lalliil  liy 
\1.  I'irnM'liin  tlip  .*staviiniii  mniintiiins,  lU'voril  sitraniH  in  wliirli 
^•■lil  is  Iniiml.  Hitniiii'ii  als'iisolitaiiii'il  trnin  Hnnirr.iiiTiissittiiiti' 
I'll  Its  lianks.  Kmm  ItiHit  |,i  Is.M,  sais  .Mr  Atkinsnn,  tin' 
jiinrtinn  nl  tin'  Ar^run  ami  (liilka  uastli,'  imist  I'iKlirly  imiiit  iil' 
till'  U>i-,siiii  I'lnpiri-  in   tin'  ri'iiimi  nl'  tin'  .\i r.      Km  iliirin^  all 

llli-*     (HTin'i     nt      lli.'t     \rars,    tlir    |rn1itii-r     I  *n^*urks    « iTC     l-nllSl  .lilt  ly 

)M'iii'tr,itin^'  ihtn  till- rniintry  nil  till'  )ianl,s  "t'tlitt  .\miNir,  ainliiianx 

W  li.i    sInlil'K    li;H,-    l„,.!i      |i;lt|.|.l|     il -VV  11    n|'    t  111'      I -nlll  1'j.t  H   t  1  ll'sl'     lianil 

niitiTcrs  li  111  .\  III  til,  Manti-lin  ran' ;  !•  siili-s  ^s  Inrli,  tn.inv  r>'nvu-tn 
li  iM'  esi-api  li  tr  '111  llu-   niiiKs,  aii'l   lU'iciii'lnl   tin'  .Vii.iiiir,  mil)  tu  j 


Li'avini»  I'st  Stri'Ik.i   mi    tlic  .W||,   ,,f   May,  wr    iiiot 

nil  till-  li'ft  liaiik  a  tril f  Orntsrlns,  a  linim-li  nf  tin- 

nfi'at,  family  nf'l'tinnnsi's.  'I'lirsi'  |ii'ii|)l(«  arc  trilnitiiry 
In  l{ii.s.-,ia,  ami  sn  tiriii  arr  tlicy  in  tlnir  allr^ami',  that 
<liiriii|{  thr  ri'iitiiry  ami  a  halt'  wliirli  i'la|i.si-il  liitwiM'ii 
till'  tri'.'ity  nf  111'**!*,  whirh  tnnk  ♦.hrsi'  ri'^'iniis  fmiii 
liiissia,  aiitl    that  nf  I .^ 1 1'  which    ri'stnri'il    tlnni,  iIh'si- 

1h' i':iplnri'il  liy  tlic  p.-nplc  nn  itii  liiiiikn.  Aw  oilc  I'M-^ipcil  lliis 
«iiy,  mill  Kiici'i'iilcil  in  passing' all  tin'  ('liiiicsi'  pnnis  in  a  cams'  nr 
small  linat,  liy  kccpinj;  In  tlic  tmiili  siilc  iit'llii>  riwr.  Ilclivcil  nn 
tin-  priKliiic  nl'  III*  rillc,  •'iiiliirini,'  frcal  lianlsliip-,  anil  lliially 
ri'aclii'il  till'  inniilli  nf  tin'  AniiKir  in  tin- lin|H'  nf  j-cttini;  away  in 
smic  vi's-il.  in  lliis  III'  was  ilisii|i|ininti'il,  iiml  after  nil  cliaiii'c  nf 
I'scajH'  hail  \aiii<licil.  starlcii  mi  liis  rctnrii.  lie  Icll  in  with  » 
p.ii'ty  nf  rnnifiisi'  x.ililc-liunlcin,  iiml  spent  tliii  liiintintr  M'asnii 
»illi  lliciii  :    al'lir    » hicli   llicy  I'rnssiil    tlio  isiiintry   tnvvarils  tlic 

iip|H'rpiiil  nf  till'  .Sya,  atiil  iiltiiiiiiti  ly  liinii^'lit  liiiii  In  m f  t|i|i 

lairs  at ti'iiili'il  liy  llic  ('iis»ai'ks.  lie  was  rn-nt'iiiscil  In  hi^  eniiii' 
tryiiieii,  ami  carncil  back  tn  tliti  mines  nf  Ncrlm'lnii^k,  alter  an 
ali>ciici' nf  iiinre  iImiii  ci^lilecn  liiniillis.  Tlie  infnrinilinn  wliicli 
lie  Iciil  acipiireil  was  ciiii>i(lercil  of  sn  iniicli  viiliic.  III. it  tin-  I'liief 
;.''>t  his  sentence  rctiiittnl  nii  (.'niiililinn  nt  liis  taking  aiintlicr 
j'liirney  In  ^ain  mnre  ktiiiwlcili:i'  nf  tlic  ncion.  At  the  m-iismi  fif 
the  yaniiak,  lie  was  pniviilnl  with  |siw-ili'r,  leiiil,  atiit  a  few  ntlier 
iiecessiiries,  ami  aecnnipaiiicit  w  itli  Cnssiieks  tntlie  tair,  in  lliclin)H' 
nt  niietiiiu' his  (ilil  (-ninpitiiinns,  the  'run^iisc.  liny  wen-  thtTO, 
ili-lii;liii-il  Id  m'C  him,  iiiiil  he,  having  Is'cii  prnvnliil  with  a  packet 
'.f|inwilir  t'nr  every  man,  was  iipiin  ailniitteil  a^  a  limther,  ami 
iiiviliil  In  ai'cniiipaii\  tlii-m  to  limit  the  silile.  At  the  emi  nt  three 
il  lys,  the  fair  hrnke  up,  when  lie  saiil)»i»Nlliyc  tn  his  csniiilrynien. 
anil  slarteil  w it h  tin- 'iiiti^nsi? on  liis  hniiicwatil  jniinicy.  I'liistimc 
he  aeipiireil  a  kll-iwleil^eo!  the  unlit  hern  siile  nl  the  Valiliilli)i  ralltfc, 
iiiiil  iliscnvi-reil  a  slmrt  rniitc  tn  the  salile-hntitiii^  ^miiml  fardnwit 
tniviinlo  the  imiiith  nf  the  .\niiinr.  lla\iiii:  s|h'iiI  aiintliir  m'.isnii 
salile  liiiiilin;;,  he  ret iiriieil  with  his  cnmpiiiiiniis  in  the  fair,  aii-l 
tiii'ii  In  till-  /avist.  liiin;:iii;;  much  viiliiali  e  nifnrmatinii  alMiiit  the 
ilitVereiit  pi-nplc  ilwelhii.'  nn  the  hunks  nf  li.e  .\niiMir,  ami  siiii]N-m'il 
np  a  mail  into  a  vahialile  Inr  prislnciii;.-  cnniiliy.  I'his  e«ih'  wa? 
"•nt  a  tliiril  time,  with  iiijiinctiniis  tn)K'mtrale  iiitn  the  re^'inii  on 
till'  siiiiih  "iile  III  the  AiiiiNir,  i luring  tlic  pahlc  hiiniiii;:  se.isnii,  ami 
reliini  in  lime  ti  aecninpaiiy  the  'Innniisi'  to  the  lair.  .Many 
h'irsi'im-n  arriM-il,  lint  he  w.-is  iint  witli  tliim.  iinr  was  he  ever 
lieanl  nf  altiTwaril-.  Afterwanta  w  Viral  cnnvicls  isi-ii|h-i1  ilnwa 
the  rivi-r,  hut  nn  nne  reliirnetl  In  teli  his  slory,  ami  it  is  suppnwsl 
that  ihcy  were  killeil. 

lu  INIH  it  was  (1<  ciilcil  tn  cxplnre  the  .\miMir,  when  an  ntficer, 
Willi  I'niir  Cnssicks.  were  wnl  in  the  spring;  of  that  xcar  mi  an 
e\T  eilitinii  itim-ti  the  river  in  a  Is'iit  ,  tlu-y  ueic  .iiincil  iiml  pro- 
visiniii-,1,  ami  it  WHS  lin{H'il  tliat  ti>is  >m.ill  pnrty  lui^ht  Ik'  |M-r- 
iiiiittil  In  pass  iiiinMilc>Iiil.  He  iiUn  carrieil  iiistrnnii-iits  fnr 
liiaklll;;  liijM-rv.ltintis.  a  te.e^cnpc.  111  il  a  ipianlilv  nl'  ^nlll  coin. 
It  H.is  well  kminii  that  ^riat  a'al"n«>  i  \i-ti  il  aiimii;:  iheChim-*' 
an:  linrilii-",  lliat  theyill'iavK  cnileavnnri-il  In  sinp  iheCns^acks 
piirsiiiiii;  );anii'  iiitn  their  territnry,  ami  it  was  niilv  the  iln-ai 
nf  tiieii  ileailly  titles  that  eiialilcil  Ilii-m  to  CM'ape  I'roui  stiiierior 
tiiimhirs.  I  he  niHi-er  was  itisimcli-il  tn  iivnnl  rninin^  in  emitaet 
Willi  the  aiitlinrilii-s,  if  ims^ilih- ;  tn  exaitiiiie  their  towns  ami 
vilhi^i  "  frmii  a  tlista'iee,  hut  ii<>t  In  enter  them,  lie  wasilesircil 
tn  innciiale  the  is'iiple  mi  cvnv  npp -i  luiiity.  ami  he  i-nrieil 
varinus  jirtieles  for  preMiiI>.  It  \i:is  c\|H'rieil  that  the  party 
wniilil  aeeniiiplish  the  nl.ieet,  if  |s-riiiiltiil.  in  alniit  nine  mniiths, 
ami,  if  siiippeil,  that  'In-y  wniilii  spmiily  return,  'lime  pa>wsi 
nn  ;  nine  niniiths  hail  ciiipseil.  hut  thirenerc  ti"  liilini.'s  n|  the 
nllieer  ami  Ins  men.  Iliirinij  the  winter  the  Cnssneks  iinpiirisl 
nl  all  the  (Itiitclius   whn   atlciiileil  the  fiirs,  il  iIii-m'  nn  n  hail  Us-n 

Ms'ii,  I'tit   tin  oi mill  irivc  aii\   tiiliii^s  alHxit  theni.        the    I  tin- 

i:iiM'  s:ih1e  hunters  wile  pmnii-eil  a  rewaril  if  tiny  wniihl  Iiml 
tlii-ni,  nr  learn  if  Ihe\  wire  itctaineil  l<y  tin  Cliiin'^i';  Imt  all 
ill'nrls  prnM-il  fruillis..  Ill  IS.'ili  an  applieitinii  was  imnh'  liy 
the  linveruor  nf  Kiiielit.i  In  the  ('liim-«e  ti..\cini.r  111  Oiirya, 
slatiiiiT  that  an  nllici  r  ami  fmir  im-ii  hail  ile».  rlnl,  i-arruii); 
away  with  thrill  a  l.ir^'e  >iini  in  ^^-lil,  ami  sever. il  instrunieiils; 
tlnil  they  lia.l  ilesei mleil  the  .Vlin  nr,  ami  it  was  Is-lievisl  they 
h.iil  Isi'ii  iiiptiirisl  liy  the  t'lilni'i.e  nlliccrs,  ami  were  ilclaiiieil  in 
onaof  Umtuwua,  If  lo,  the liuuisnUuverniueiitiluirad that Um; 
.shmilil  In- ilelivercil  up,  eitin  r  at  K  iiuhta,  or  any  of  the  liirt*  on 
tin-  I  nhin-r.  lliis  pnslneeil  mi  result,  nor  have  they  ever  been 
liearil  •■(.  At  last  tin- (Imeninr  lieiieral  of  ."^ilsri  1  iletorniini-il 
In  I  iplnre  the  Aiiinor,  ami  in  IN.'ifr  ii  ^rcal  cutieililinn  wa« 
nrcanmi'il  hy  him    tnr   that  nhjivt.      It  was  mi   sueli   u   ne.ih-   that 


UP   AND   DUWN   TIIK   AMOdR. 


2fl(l 


giiiiil  |iO()|il('  liav(>  iii'Vfr  once  fiilcil  f  iMi'siiiit;  ,m!»  tliiir  |       'I'lii'   IMI  of  Alli:i.>.iti  |Mit  an  niil  ti>  tlio  r\|ii'<litiioia 

iiiiinuil  Iriliiilc  nf  I'lii-.s  ti>  llir  <jn:it  While  K  i,.iii  iit'tlii'  wliicli   tli>'-i'    liiinly    |iiiin(MT>i  ol'    Itiixsiaii    |ui\vi'r   wiTu 

\Vr>t.       I''iiillii'r   oil    we    liii't    witli  'rilii;,'ii-.is    in    IjcimI.s  liiiikiuL;  on  lliin  liii.'li\vay   to  llu-  Ka>lrih  Oirali,  ami  tlio 

inailr  of  till'  liaik  of  liirrli.    'I'liry  lx'li>in,'i'il  In  tin- tiil.i'  lanijiarts  of  (lir    rorlii'SH  ln'ur  to  tin'   [.ii'Miit    liay  I'vi- 

of  .Mauri,  ami  lliry)iay,  it   ajipiars,  a   >iiiall    ini|i"^l    to  ilinrrs  of  liow  lii'irc  llir  stniu'ul'"  was.      'I'lo-  liaiiiUiilof 

till'  Clniirsi'.     \\  r  j,MM'    tliiin    MiiM''    liiancly,un'l   ^muh'  In  inrs,  let  iiriiiiif^  into   l'.nin|ir,  wiii'  inl  iiiiiiicnl  to  tin' 

Miiall   iiniaiiniits.      t  Mn' of  tliiiii    I'liiijij  s|ii'ak    itii^'-ian,  l'an|>ri'i>i'.  ulm,  t>>  il'i   lionoiirto    tlnir  n  in  ai;i',  I'lii'iilinj 

t'liilirs)',  ami  Manti  Ini,  l.ivsiili-i  liis  o«  n  laiiLiiiau'''  llnin  a ni»  tin'  ( 'n^sack  lioily  ^'iianl.  an  ln'm<iii  wliiili 

'I'liat  ilay  «i' tr.iv  I'lliil   I  .'tit  minIs,!  ami  on  iIm'  1st  of  lia^  l.r.n  i  r  in~inll  li'.l  t"  tluir    iliMiinlant -.  wlioroiisli 

•luiic  «i'  alii\i''l  at    tlic  |ila.i'    wlii'M-  Was   fur ijv    ,\\  tnl<'  In  tin'  |iii'^i|it  ilay  tin'  riyiiin  nl  of  .\  ILa^iii-kls. 

Iiasin,'  till'    iliii  f  |il  111'  nf   tin'   ('.issaik    r-lalili^liiinnts  .\     lilllo     lii'\nml     tlii>    niimil     -ih'    tlic     l'!miiii.    or 

foiiinlril  in  ol.liii    tinns  al'Pii','  tin'   Kaiiks  nf  tin-   riMi-.  A|li;i>ii|ia,  t'iii|.ii' s  jt-ilf  iiilo  tin"  An r  fn  in  t  In' ri^lit. 

Altarki'l   at     tliis  statimi,  in   tin'  linn' nf  tlic  Kni|ii  mr  I'l  Inii' ai'i'i\  in',' at  ili.'  Jun.  I  imi   «>■  ii  r.  ;;niM  il,  ii|ioii  nil 

Kalii  lii,    I'V   all   anny    nf   ii.-.iily    loii.iiiiil    I 'jiihi-i' (  f  i,  i-|,iml,    ^iIh.iiI     i.n    \ ,  r-i  -    in    liiiulli,    tin'    tiacrs   of  tin- 

I'Vi'li  tlii'll  tin'  laltif  ini-lil    [i.^silily   linl   liaM'  >m-ii('ilri|  jiallnii-^  lai-i'il  liv  llio  Miiilrlni  I   liim    i'   f  m  <■  ii|  "ii  tin 

ill  ilrivim;  I  In '111  li'oin  tin  ir  .-i  r.  ih'.'Im.IcI.  Im  i  ii  n^t  Ipi-im  im -i..n  ol  tin-  sii'i.'t'. 

for    till'   si'ii'iitilir   iiiil  yiMli     to    til.     (ilintials    liy    llir  .\  i  tliis  |ioiiit  tlm  I'liaraiti  r  nt    tin'  \  i';;d  il  ii.n  iiiMlrr- 

Ji'siiil  iiiissioiiarii's  at  lliat  timu  at  I'lkili.  Wcia  a  ;,'ri'al  cliam,'!'.      'I'ln-  lar.  Ii    i-  ^u,,  i'.  .1.  .1  l.\  i>:ikii 


flOHTIll    rOST    BEIWUN    CHIN*    AND    RUSSIA. 


ami  liir.li.  ami  in  -iM-lifi-.''!  ^pnts  tin-  rliii  nml  a-li  L,'in\v  'I'ln'  M.ma^iii.nis  li.i.l  a  \'>  w  luii-  in  tin-  m  i-lil''  ml i|. 

iVi'i'ly,  Willi  an  uml<ri'n  i  r  "f  wiM  rn.-i-s  nml   nut.  irii-s,     ami    tiny  ?-iiu   iis  i,'n  \r\   in    nil' r   imiliri'iii ,   alllinn:;li 

iilnl  on  till'  liaiiks  111' til  ■  1  ivi'r  w  illnw  ^      all  iiialiili'st  ini;  limy    rmiM     m\'r    lii\'-    sriii    a    .■-li-.iiiilii.,il     ti.wiiii;   a 

all    inijiMiMil  I'liin.ili'.  allli"ii'.;li    tin-   ^iiialliT  |>lantd  ^l  ill  lininln'r  nf   ni  In'i'    l"<,|,.        I'!\i'ii    tin-    liaml  of    Inn.'-ii'  ilhl 

li'iri-  tlii'sral  .if  till'  I  la  nnaii  llnr.i  ma  ili^liiili  tlniii  li'iii  tin  ir  oriiipai  imis. 


till*  I'liiiii'si'  I'lMi'.il  iiriiliiT  rlit-rk  Ms  prifj'.'i'*-;,  thir  in-i-xriil  his 
taking  poSM'^'t^iiii  lit'  llir  nMi-;|i  liaitk  i>l  tin'  riirr,  |iili"«i  tlKin 
six  «iskit  till' ni.iili' III'  this  \a»l  I'l'uiiiii,  iiii'liuliii;  I  In' i'  iiiilry 
Ix't  VI  .'I'll  till'  .\ii:iKir  mill  llir  Kuoiaii  triiiitirr  In  lln'  iiurlli  nl'  tliu 
Valil'iiiiii  111. Hint. liiis,  li.nl  tlianp'il  iiii«''i>;  il  li:ii|  iimv  filli'ii 
liilii  hIiiii1:.'i'  liiinl-,  iiml,  U't'nti'  tlir  I'nl  nl  tin'  Mar,  tin' nit  ni 
l'liiiii'S4'  ariiiv  0  ulil  ii  it  lia>.'  iI-IkI.'i,!  ihr  «iii.il.  Imilv  nl"  I 'n-.ai'kn 

Jll.ll'I'll  ill  |)n«iliii|l,       til'IIITll    M'lllr.ix  il  It' li.lil    M'i/.i-il  nil  r\l'r\     |iiiillt 

luH'i'sKary  I'nr  tin*  sit'iir  l_v  iit"  las  |>n«itiiiit. 


'      I  hr  ViT-l     is  ii|ll,ll  til    1  lliti'i   .\:inl»,  ■  T    llUilll  llllli'  i|i|Urli'rs  nl 
,111    l'!li„'li^ll   Illilr. 

-     Vlli.i.iiii  slaiiils  nil  till'  !.ili'  ill'  all   aiii'ii'iit  ■fiiiii;ii»i'  Invm.  ami 
ilrrivi-ii  ils  iiaiiii'  trniii  .\.lia.*a,  ii  t>.i-iiiiaii   |iritii'r,  wli'i  livi'il  tiii-ri'. 

Srvi  lal  lltli  lll]'l>   tti'fr  lllailr  111  iK'llrl  rail'  illln    till'    ri'irinii    U'Vnlnl 

till'  Valiliisi  liv  llii-si'  |iiniii'i  i'«,  till'  liiniii'is  tniil  fn^Murks,  iiitil 
M'ini'  111  lliiiii  lull)  riMi'lnil  till'  .Vniimr,  ami  ntlii'rH  tin'  ii|i|ii'r 
lir.inrlii'«  I'l'tiii*  >r\a.  li.irli  |)ai'ly  tniiinl  an  llllllll^t  iiirxlinuitililo 
siini'lv  III'  aiiiiiials,   -iii  li  a»  »i  rw  valiialilr  I'nr  lliiir  t'lir,  an  wi'll  «» 


m 


I 


m 


286 


AM,   ROUND  THK    WdlU.D. 


On  t)ii>  ith  iif  .Tilly  wp  p.tHMc'il  Hcvfi'iil  i^lllllllM  rnvcrt'd 
with  |i<>|>l  ii'i,  utii.  iiii'l  williiwH.  At  I'i^'lit  u'llcick  in 
tlio    fvcniiij;    wi-    liiii\li;lit.    In    (('iiiioiisly    ciiinijrh,    llir 

Fll'lll'tl  I'l'll'irtiT  ^I_V■^    \i'll/l  sfii/t/ulilh  ■<),  nil  tile  Irll   lialllt. 

at  iiiii-  111' till-  |ir<'nii>'tt  plin'i's  «fli;ii|  yet  m.  i  wiili.  'I'ln- 
Hivfi-H  Tdim  ;iii>I  Aui{iii  Mii'iipiiiiii  ;i  rich.  ii|MMi  valley  , 
n  iVvv  .Miiii.i:{ri  lilt  NMiiiili'i'i'ij  nil  thi'ir  liiiikn,  \Nlirri- 
hi'iili*  of  licir-,r<  |ii.niui'i>i|,  iiiiiiiii;;  whii'li  «r  ii'inarkfcl 
Ni'viTil  iii.i^iiill'i'iit  uliili' v<ti'iils  ;  ilio  »hc>!i'i>|' till' l.iiiil 
tint  «•!•  |>ii-w.'i|  ill. It  il.iy.  iinlri'ii,  wii.M  |iii.stiiri',  ami 
aili|iliii  I'lir  I'liiliviiini  ;  llii-  valicy-i,  wliirli  cxtrinl  ii|i- 
«■  III U  iVi  1111  ihi'  I'liik-".  an-  Miiiiiiiinlrd  l^y  liilli.  uliirli 
rise  liki' .111  aiii|>liillir  ati'i',  mill  » liiili,  in  !<oiiii'  iiist  iiiri"<, 
L'Oliii- il'ivvii  III  llii'iivrrH  lii'il,  wlii'ic  tiny  In  iiiiiiati'  in 
alini|.t  ilills  lit'  iitlli-  liriiiht. 

I'iiity  yiT<(s  1.1  \  Mill  I  In-,  at  llif  iiioiiih  nf  ihc  lis.^ir 
(>li'ili,  II  rl  III  iT  .M.«iia:.'i'i.iii-  iiilial>i(i'i|  si'Vi'ii  ilil)'<'H'iit 
villagi's,    li'it    far    I'i'iiiiivi'il  |i  mi  mn'   atintlii'i'.      Our   i>l' 

tllfSO    llll|ll.'lllr.«      I'i'l.lll'll    II   I'lll'lilllS     ll  :;i'I|i|    til     us      ill      I'llll 

iii'otiiiii  with  n  hill  of  Kaitil  c.illi'il  ZaiiaJMn.   which  risen 


ii|i  out  iif  II  kiml  of  Imy  in  tin- riviT.  iirar  if'<  h-ll  Imnk 
and  wliiili  111' ii««'rtrd  ti>  ^iid  Initli  >iiiiiki'  wlniKtir 
,1  man  went  iieur  it,  Init  tn  eia.s<>  in  iln  so  v«  lien  In 
ttt'iit  iiwiiy.  'lilt'  dwi'llers  nii  this  par!  if  tin-  ii\er. 
ulinare  III  "rungiisc  nrigiii,  areiill  |j;iveii  in.shainuMi.'-iii, 
and  have  u  threat  Miifratinli  Inr  thia  iiiinieuhiiiM  lull, 
wliii'ii  they  aioiert  In  do  tenanted  I'y  an  evil  >|iil'it. 
riii>  liill  i-i  naid  till"  .-onif  thirty  ver>ls  in  i'\tenl.liiit 
lliit  liiiiijj  alile  In  (  \  iiiiini'  it  elnw'ly,  v*e  .'•ii|>|H'~<'d  til:. I 
llie  Mimki'  ulilill  it  exhaled  ealiie  I'niiii  the  i  '  i.  lillMimi 
III'  Milne  ( .i.d-lieils.  Ill  ihat  it  i  nlilailied  lavilnM  .sileli  ii.i 
arc  verv  I'niniiinn  in  ihe  liiiie..<tniie  iiiniinla:iiitii|  Ki-tcni 
Sjlieria,  and  that  whin  the  exlcrii.il  air  IM  enld,  the 
wanner  liir  nl'  llie  iiiterinr  e>ea|i€S  in  the  .--haJM;  iil 
va|iiiiii°.M.  (This  e\|ilaiiatinn  iH  imt  \ery  eieditalilu  tn 
.M.  I'innikiii,  ai  .i  |i|uti  .s...ed  (^enlnjji.st.  Fil>t,  VMI.s  it 
re.illy  a  hill  nt'  nuhI  thirty  Mi-st.s  in  extent  I  If .stfiid, 
it  cmild  neither  mntaili  lieds  III'  enal  nr  liliiestnln 
iliverii.n.       .Miiiht  nut  the  I'nriliat  lull  and   |ihe!iiiiiieiiii  lie 

like  thu.st!  ul'  iiikii  and    Kit'kuk    iii  liuliylouiu,  vtlu-rc 


TAHKUTS   ON   A    JOURNEY. 

ctieiuie.il  ,101  inns  whiehmv    In   lie    ili-l  liii,'iii.,|i,.d    llnlii     li.i|.litli.i  .ilid  Nuliiluiieted    hvdrn-e»,    ILS    al.M.    to    llaiie* 
vnleaiiio   j.h^nomeim,  give   Mrlli   l..   Imt  .sj.iii,;,..,  with    and  vaiimirl) 


Millie  |.r.|..r  l"..r  I-...I.  Ii  «;i.  n.il.  l,..«iv.i-  lill  !!„•  vnir  Hil:i, 
Hint  a  paiiv  el  t  ..„K  l.iiiili  r»  en  .m.!  1;  •■  \.,l,l„.i,  rnirlie.!  il,.- 
Aiii  «r.  mill  (l.M^ii.leil  tu  till-  Mil.  ,\l1iT  fliiir  mioi  »».  hIiiI  tli« 
r,  |nrl.il  «,ul!li..|  llio  n-tMiii,  it  Himl.ri.l.,!  tl.iit  a  wit  em.  lit 
►  Il  mill  U'  iii.i.l.'  nil  til.,  .\iiiiii.r.  Ill  till-  M.ir  jii.'iii,  l\li:il.,ri.ir«ii« 
il  .|.«tili..l   ti'ia    \  ikii!-k,  uilli  a  l.ily  i.f  <■"...  k..  f.  Mleet  a 

I'"'"'" 'Il"  A <•,  mill  ("ilily  tliiiii'«iln..  ill  il.   .\|i,r  i.  iliHi- 

C'lll  iiunli  ill. Ml  H.irri..rii  re;iil,.ii  ti..-  riM-r;  iiu.l,  jinn^;  iiiu.li.  n 
rir.riil  i«i;iiiii..iiii..ii  i.f  .iviTil  l....ililii<,  .Mill,  n  ».,,  ■  li.  mm  ,i, 
:.ll'riliii;<  iii...t  ,,(•  ili.i  r..|ii  ...i.«  f.r  mi.1i  mi  .•Hi.,l,li.|,i,,.  m  «,,<!, 
«  iir,  mill  i:  ...i  (...inr.  ^. 

111  l.'ii'.l    t  .i.   t- rl  w.n  .Mii,|,:ii,..|_  iiiMJ  ii<  |,...iti,„i  (•  intnhii.liil 

:i;l    tlie   iili|.n..i.UeH.       A  liiitii.  |..lu  l««lv    i.f  I ten    t'..ii.ini.|    tli.' 

('•'••ai-k<,  uii.l  i....li  up  tl.iir  |.liii'i'iif.il..il,.  il„i-,..  II.ikiI..-  |,,nii 
•iminir  tip  ripi.l  y,  iiii.l  l,l„r..  tlie  liunlai..;  mii>i>ii.  Milliii.iil 
il.t.ll.iif«  «.r..  11.-.  I..I  III  ^ll,lt,■p  i,i:  ||„.  iiiliiil.itniiN.  'I  hi,  ii.lili. 
1;  "ii.il  r..r.-i.  iiCm.  ll-iirmeil  im  a    r.ml.r.il  tlnip  p.sl  (|iiii..  wciire, 

mi  I  II .  UkIv  ..f  ri,iii,.«,  ir.i.,|.,  n,.,  ,|  ,li.|,,.|_.,.  Il Wli.ii  the 

liiititii...'  M'ti^Mi  nil,,..  i-.,ii,i,l,  tliiwiii.  iiil.i.i  rs.  il  ill.  V.  i\  ilirnli..ii, 

I"  I'l-'t niinriiiihiriiiil.iiiiil.iiiii.,  ( Irnii'liim  i.rl  'r..t<-li...,M,itniiru". 

»'"'  •""I Urtril...*   hIi.i  |i\..  l,v  ih,.  |,r...liir..  i.f  ii„ir  (,,r.«ir 

i!<'fii..-.|  tlui  ua  iiitrmiuii  uu  tlair  d.juiuiiis.     Uul   ilii- < ■,„,.h it 


ml  liuiit.'ri  l«.k.-.l  iip.n  the  territ„ry  iw  tli.ir  i«ii,  ai.l  «l.iri'. 
I  v..|-..a'al)le<  .-.nil  I  Iki  eli.  ,ii„  .|,  Ih.r.  ili,.y  f..l|.,»»,,l  thi-ir  pursuit. 
.\h  !ii.' aiiiiiiiN  II.  .  enu   l.„   iiiiiaeniin  in  lli.-  t^re*!,  ar.iin.l,  lliev 

'" I'l'"'  'III'  ■V'lii.ir   iiikI  ilrive   Hi.,   natiten  Irmi  tlieir  liuiriii]; 

,'r.iiiii.U,    itl'T  ini  II  nrllii,.  .I'lH.r    i|.  pnililiniH.      V,..r    iitt.ry.ir 

[<■'"•*•' '   iliiii-i'-*'.!  In.'    |N-.p|,.,    ,iii.|  ,,ih.r<  III"  a   w.ir-.' .uai.iit.r 

j  *iii,'  t  li..ri'.'<.'iiKi  trial  the    |,ijiii«i i,t    «liieli  a«a:li..|  tli.iii  at 

."•iIki-  .1.  r  iin  .1  iiiiiiili,.r  iif  til  ill,,  ail. I  .l.-iiKTat..  eha  ait.Ti  w.'r.. 
I'v.T  r.i.ly  f.r  i,ii„hi..r;  „„1  wi,.-,,  tli.'  hiiiil  I,  li.,|  ii„  ,„,  they  ili.l 
ii.il  li.'<it.ii,.  1.1  ii.pr.ijiriit,.  am-  pr.i|i.rtv  at  h,,„.|.      \,  hii -th'  th.v 

In.,-.i-iii'  iniiv  . I, rill..,,.    I  1,1,.   .\ii..r.  pilU-...|  th..  lill.,".,.,  am'l 

•'•'    ""•    ''I' •••    iiii'li.rili...    It    ,l.ti>ii,v,       Kiiii tra.i.M-.  wr.- 

lr.'.|iieiitU  iiiili-  liy  ilii.  Chill.*.,  lint  »ithiMil  aii«  avail;  af|.|  Kieli 
year,  a<  llii.  liiat.T-.  Iia  I  t.i  pnneinl  Inrtli.'r  t.,' ..  .|  ,i,i  il„  ir  aiii- 
iiiaU,  t'l.ir  l,l.,„rl.,.a>ii..  ,„.,re  .--v.-r.-.  Kv.a  In  ;..n.at  .•terli-m 
llley  <nil.|  ll.l  .il.viy^  iililall  a  Blltliiieiit  «iipplt  t.,.,ilisfv  their 
rapai-ity  \Vh..ii  thiH  liap|i.ii,-,l.  a  lar.'e  li.i.lv  *-..;ir.,l  tin-  .Mmnirv 
mil  pi  :ii.lr,.,l  euTV  IriU-  .  ii  Ih.ir  nnit.-.  11,,.,..  pr.,..,Miii.'iJ 
Miise.l  all  til.'  ir..  .,f  the  IV;..'  ,U  aii.l  ia  Hi.".;  an  annv  li.  n  the 
( '.111 nil  Fl  ..very  I. mil  nit  I  .%ii  L-I.ire  A!Ki,iii,  aii.l  'i.nniiiii.ii.^1 
till-  ^.'irriv.ii  t.i  ^.lrrl•!l.ler  the  |..rl.  uml  L-ave  tin-  i^eintrv,  tHkae' 
tlicir  aniK  aii.l  pminTty,     T»  tliU  they  aeiit    a  ilefiaii.  .• ;  ui..l  the 


UP   AND    DOWN 

Lower  "liiwn,  tlie  \Hiiikii  of  tho  rin-r  lM'f»in  to  prem'iit 
nrw  t'ciitiiii'M.  'I'lir  larnr  vulli'\.s  tlial  liii^'  llii'  liuiiknof 
till'    livi'i-     liciMiiiic    still   iiiiirc   I'xti'iisix.-  ;    till'    nii'ky 

niollllt^lilis  iri'OW  llllll'l'  :il|l|  lllol'l'  llisl^lMl  .  lll<>  llll'ltljllVVM 
liri'  rjntlli'd  Willi  rirll  liVUHH  ;  tlli'  isliiUiU  illiTrlIsc  in 
liiiiiilMr,    till'    liviT   (lows    nipiilly    tow.nils   tin'    smitli, 

t'onililH{SIU'il  l;l|ihl  Clirvi's  In  tlll'  I'lisl  .IImI  VVrst,  (li:lt  il 
i«)i]iriiis  soliirliiiii's  as  it'  "in'  wiis  aliiin^t  i.'i.iii^'  Iml; 
njfaili  ;  «!•  |iassiil  liy  fXlciisivi'  jilaiiis  aii<l  low  isjimls  ; 
ovfivwliiTi'  |iii]iliii>,  a-li  ali'l  will  apples  {/'i/ni.i  K/irr 
<./A(7c(),  iilti'iiiatr  «iili  sliriiMiirv  ol  nil  Jiraiinil  rliirr 
mill  willows.  A  sinill  kiml  ol'  oak  ){iiiws  on  tlir 
iiioiiiilaiiis  l)_v  llii'  ^iilr  of  till'  lilai'k  Mrcli  I'iiii'  tri'cs 
mill  laivlics  liiroliir  lanr       'I'ln'    lin'iiiiows  uit   rovi'ml 

with  rirll    lu'rliM^ir.      Niniii'rous  In  ids  of  ciittK iilil 

I"-  rrari'il  ill  llirsr  lini'  plains,  luit  ill  pri'sciit  tlii'ii-  i^ 
liolliiiiL;  liviiiy  in  tin  sr  solitinlrs  .siivr  tlic  powirliil 
ai'tivitv  iiiipi'i'.ssi'd  by  iiiitiirc  on  Vi-^^ct  ilioii. 


THE  AMooR.  str 

Kliali'iiiili;  the  lii'st  Itil.ssiaii  ponqiicrnr  in  tliwe 
ri'i{ioiis,  loiinili'il  a  niililaiv  post,  wlini'  the  .\iiioor 
I'l'ri'ivrs  till'  K  iiii.ira.  in  lll.*i|.  Aliaiidonrd  at  tliu 
sa'lli'  liinr  as  All«a>iM.  il  lias  Imiii  lal'ly  I'l-istalilislud  ; 
we  saw  two  ;  inli  Kaik  iiinoos  in  a  iii'i'k,  Iml  no  living 
prr-^on. 

St'vi'iity  six  Misis  lu'low  this,  iIhi',.  is  aiiollnr  military 
post  nil  till'  |i  It  liaiik  lit'  till'  Aiii'ior,  consist  in n  of  lliroo 
ti'iit^.  Iiiiilt  III'  wiMid,  and  lliiti'licd  with  riislii's,  and  a 
liltli'  ill  advanri'  ol'  tlii".i  i~  a  tiiiiplr  lotistiiii'li'd  of 
Iniiiks  of  tri'i's,  and  wliicli.  ai'iordiiiLj  to  tlir  siiidoijist 
Sytsclic'wsk  i,  who  at'ioinpaiiii'd  llii'  rxpi'dilioii.  wiw 
drdiiaird  to  tin'  i;od  of  war  l.iil'i,'r  iimiiisi'  liiinnTS, 
lixi'ij  in  llic  soil,  siiioki'd  in  Iront  of  ihi^  nidc  trniplo, 
noi\ii'r  to  till'  riMi'. 

<  liii'  liiindi'i'd  and  si'M'iili'rii  vi-rslM  tu'Vond  tlii.s,  on  tlin 
liulil  liaiik  of  till'  .Viiiniir,  Iwriity  llirw  lioiisi'S  lit'iiiK 
■I  I'liisidi'ialili'  nninliiT  for  tjii'sc  ri';;iolis — roinposi-   tlio 


I 'liiiiim"  ((I'lii-ral  i'"iniii<'mH'il  0])<i'iiiImiis  1p\  rr  rtiiiu'  liiilti'rii'a  oi 
111  i»':iiiil  fMiilliij;  Af  iisMi.  'I'lm  ruins  nt  ilam'  «or|,,s  i,iil; 
DxisI,  nnillli'  y  iii't'"f  ('  ii'iili  ralili'  iitiiit.  1 1  is  iniillio  t"  iilti'iii|ii 
my  il.  -iiiiilinii  of  till'  SI.  p',  nr  |u  ri'i'i'iit  tlir  tniililinii-  Hat  liiiM- 

hvi'll      liallilril      ll'UII,      mil      wllirll      IIKiy       In'      -till      |ii:inl      will  II 

sllliii','  riiiiinl  II  Cn. sMik  ciiiiili  till'.  It  is  I'lily  i;i'ii-.Miry  Id  »ii\ 
111  it  till'  sii-ji'  li»liil  till  lull'  ill  Hii'iS,  marly  iiMiyiMi.,  tn  prnM' 
tint  tlii>  ili'li'iii'i'  WHS  iiili'li'i'iiiiiiiilniir,  anil  lliut  winit  i.f  iirnvisimi-. 
iiliiiic  i'iiiii|ii'lli''l  tliL'  ('ii»«ai'l«>  til  mirrciKli  r.  'Iliry  niarclnil  nut, 
liiivvi'vcr,  with  tlu'ir  (inns,  anil  rituriu'il  iiil"  S,U-riii,  tlit-  ('liiin-*i 
iiniiy  iilti'iaVni'/  tln'in  iicrnss  tin'  frniitii-r;  inu)  Alliasin  was 
ili'str.iyiil.  .All  till'  iirisiiniTs  taki'ii  (luring  tlir  sir^'i' wiit  si'iit 
III  l*i'kii;,  anil  lu-iir"  in  iil^rr  yrars  lJn>^^:.i  i>ti{>iilali  il  In  si'inl  ii 
iiii-i^i'iii  III  L'ivi*  spirittial  iii'tnii'ti'iii  tn  IIi'  ('"'sacks  ol'  Alli.i-.in. 
Till'  valiiiKli'  tiirs  tliaf  «crr  nlitaini'il  in  llils  ri-L'iiai,  ami  wrri' 
(■iinstaiitiv  lii'inu'  liartrr  iliit  llir  iliiriTriit  yi  riii  il ii'ii  tin'  I'l'  ntirr, 
wrri'too  ti'iti|itiiiL;  III  many  nl'  till-  witil  ii)iirit->  w  I  <  I  al  liri  n  ilriM'ii 
nut.  In  lliii.'i.  a  liiiiiilur  nt  liaiili'i's  ili'si'i'hili  i|  tin'  Anm  t  tn 
Alliasiii,  ami  sniiii' ol'  tln-n  ri'slnnil  lliiir  nlil  liali  tatinn-.  I  liis 
tiiiio  tliey  wiro  iiinro  iiruiK'iit, HVuiiUii);  tlio  huutiii);  gruumln  fru- 
<|ni'iiMl  liy  till'  nativi's;  ami  tini^  'lay  «■!■'  lift  'ii  pi'iis'.  In 
lilTo.  Ifil.ilii'  Tilii  riii.'ii.i-l,\  111-j.Mnisi'il  a  »iii.ill  li  i  ly  nt  nuai  at 
Krrriiska,  ami  ili-crmlril  t  lii'  .\iiii"ir.  I  >ii  lii- :iniv,il  at  .Mli  i>iii, 
Ik'  raiml  It  nti"i|iiiil  liy  tin'  I.  «■  liuiili'V-,  Inn  tlii'V  witu  liviiiu' 
niiinii>;  tliii  tiiitis.  \h  111'  kiii'w  that  in  tin'  {insi'iit  stiiti-  In-  rniil.l 
nut  liiilil  i',  il  111  •  Cliilli'Si'  raiilr  tiMlis|aiti'  Mnssis-inn,  In  >••!  al'  nil 
ri'^l 111  ill;;  III!' flirt.  Till' wiirks  wi'iit  nn  wltlimit  iiinli'stal  inn,  ainl 
ill  ililf  tniii' wiTi' linisliril.  It  was  snnii  iii'HJr  kii  ivn  in  Mlnria, 
that  Alli.isiii  wai  M">tiiri  1.  aiiil  this  iniliii'i'il  imiiilii-r-i  tn  jniii  Ini' 
lil  I  If  L'ari'i^nii.      Ill  iilinni  twn  yi'ar^  'l"i'lii'rni;;nn*k\  lia>!  niii'i'  iiii-ti 

uniliT  his  r man  I  tiirii  wi'tv  i'ii;{ai.'iil  in  tin-  rir>l  >  i.'i'.  ami  Im 

kt'pl  thrill  tiiiilir  rniit I'll,  avniilin;;  as   iniii'h  as  [insHihh' all  inirr- 

rnnrsi' niiii  llir  .Maiiii'iiu<.      I'lnlrr   lili  i iiiiainl  tlir  plaii'  llui' 

rislii'il,  mill  till' I'hini -1'  jwrri'lvcil  that  il  wniilil  i'iiilaii:.'i'r  tli'ir 
jiiiwfr.  riiis  iiiiliii'iil  llii'iii  t>  liuilil  thi' t  iwii  n|  Vi';:iiii  nii  tin' 
.\liililli' Aiiinnr,  tn  I'niiiiliTirt  its  flVi'i't,  anil,  il  |i.i«-ilili'.  I'nrii' lln.' 
Itiis-i.iiis  In  li'avi' 111.  ir  lia-riinry.     On  the  li  h    it  .Inn.'.  HiS.'i,  tin' 

Chi  II. 'SI'  army  apni'iri  il  Ix'lnrr  lln'  t.'Wii,  ami  I'Kik  up  tinir  Ini r 

pnsitiniinii  I  lln  i^-laml.  I'll.-  u'l'iii'i'al  ha.l  a  l.iriii'  I'.irir,  .mil,  as  tun  Lai- 
li'rifs  li.iil  lint  hr.  n  ilrsirnviil,  Im  w.is  s.mn  na.ly  I'.ir  tli,'  alt  irk. 
TiiIIh Ill/in  was  appniiilisl  l.i  tin'  I'nitmianil  in  Allia>ni ;  tin  plai'.-  ua.. 
pill  in  iIu'Ih'sI  |Hls^illll' stall'  f.ir  ih  ti'ini',  liiit  ifii;  Chimsi- niiMiiiiii- 
111')  ml  In^mi'ii  ti'ii  tn  niii'.  I  Ml  t 111'  ^i'Jiiil.  till'  I'lii'iiiv  iiiaili'  all  ii'.saiilt, 
w  h.'ii  rnllinii/inainl  liis;;.irris'iii  ilrt'i/tiili'il  tiin  tnwii  with  tin*  iitnin«( 
liravnrv  I'nr  si'ViT.il  ilays  ;  snhM-.piniiih  ,  li..wi'\i-r.  pi  ri'i'i\  in:.'  that 
il  was  iinpo..>ihli'  t..  Ii.ilil  it  .i^raiiist  ^i.  h  iiiimni*rs,  lii>  wi'h  \ww  in 
till' iii^rhl.  rill' t'iiiin«i'  I'litri. 'I  till'  I'nrI  tin'  Inll.m  in.-  il  u,  aii.l 
iipiiii  Invillfil  till'  vvnrks;  liiNiii:;  ari'iiiiiplishi'il  lliis.thi-y  mir.'iiti'il 
tn  .Vi-^Miii.  'r.ilh.iii/ni  li-t't  si'nnt.1  tn  iva!.  h  tlii-ir  iii'ivriiii'iiti.  ami 
ivhi'ti  iiil'nriiii'il  III'  thi'ir  ili'pariiiri,  In'  ni.iri'lii'il  hark  tn  .Mlnsm. 
I  III  till'  7lli  III'  .Viu'iist,  111'  111':;. Ill  ri'..tnriii_'  tlu'  I'.irt,  an. I  U'I'nr.'  tliL' 
winter  i-il  in,  was  in  a  iKiMli.in  tn  nstni.'  tlm  tnwn.  Iliiiiiiif  tin' 
I'lilil  M'lisnii,  111.  tni.h'  pi'i'paratiniis  I'nr  aiinllnT  »trii,'.'li'.  an.l 
ullili'.ivnlirril  t.i  li'iiili  r  his  p.Mt  illipn.'ll  lliln.  lln'  slimv  .ml  iis' 
»tnp|Ksl  till'  ri'liini  ntlin'  I'liini'v,  hut  h.-  liMnn.l  th.it  tln'ir  m-xl 
I'.impni^n  w.aihl  Is-  mi  ii  ;;riiitt'r  si-.ilr,  as  tia-y  wi'ii-  ili-tri-miiir.l  lo 
ili'stniy  the  .Musinvi'.i's.  Kmly  in  tlit'  spriii::  •<(  liiSli,  thn  I'lhs- 
lials  isiiimu'inisl  their  prepar.iti.ais  ;  the  whnle  nl'  the  .Viinsir 
lliitilla  was  I'nll  elisl  tn  lake  a  imrl  in  the  e in,;  .il  riiKVl' .  ami  uiJ 


in  tlie  I iplete  aimlhilatinii  nf  the   Itiissi.iiis.      L.iiii;  iHt'nre  limy 

salleil,  'rnlhnii/in  knew  thai  the  Chiiiesi'  t'eii.'ral  hail  enlli'eteil  .in 
mil  whi'lmiin;  t'nne  ;  hut  irreat  as  was  its  iiiiihIhts,  he  was  iint 
ilaimtril,  ami  his  nilieers  anil  iiieii  ileternilneil  never  to  yi.l.l. 
I  W  hell  the  il'.' Iirnke  up  nil  the  .Viiiniir,  supplies  were  sent  t'rnin 
NiTtM'hinsk,  anil  hi-,  little  narrisnii  was  sunn  prnvisinneil  Inr  the 
sii'L'e.  It  w:ntli.'lisi  M.  I'k  in  .liiiie  when  the  ('hiiii'M' laiiil  I'nri'i'S 
mar.  III. I  int. 1  their  pn,itinii  liefiiri;  llie  tnwn;  their  naval  ejpo- 
Uiti  111  .irriveil  a  lew  ilays  lat.r.  I )n  the  2iiil  nt  .Inly,  tlio 
enemy  h.'^;ati  his  n|H'ratimis  airaiiist  the  town,  n-mi;  h  .lli  his 
litiiil  ami  iiav.il  f.ines,  hiii  withniit  imikiiitf  any  iinprisM.in 
on  the  h  sii'i;.  il.  Until  the  attaek  anil  ilel'eiiee  were  eniiiliieti  il 
with  till-   ii'nin^t   linivery  I'nr  several   weeks,   ami    r.illimi/.m   «;is 

killeil.       I'hii  W.IS  a  UTeal   In-S  tn  the  Cn-sieks.  hilt    it    jave  lliipe  ill 

till' rir.:i.  ^ -,  all. 1  taey  pn  sseil  mi  the  *ii'u'e  w.tli  in  ire  \  iunfi.'.  I'lia 
Ciaimiainl  ill  .Vlliailll  linw  ilevnlve.!  nil  all  ntli.'er  nameil  llealnll, 
mill  he  .' iiitiniii'.l  tn  h-.lil  the  pia.'i'  a.'iiiiisi  tiie  r.'li'>tials  in -.p.te 
of  all  til.  r  etr..riJ.  till  -evere  l.isses  .mil  the  appriaeli  nt  winter 
tiiiiipi'll.il  'hi'iii  I'l  retire  tn  their  eiie.iiiipineiit.  This  ileteniiiiieil 
'  ilefeiice  ii.iil  lint  lie.'ii  ni.iiiuuliiL'il  without  loss,  ,is  iiiuiiy  C'ossiicks 
were  kill,  il ;  tlio  mirvivors  were.  Iinwever,  lell  in  isaee  throiit'linut 
tliewmt.r.  In  tie  t..ll.iHiiiu' spring'.  Ile.it. ni  n.i'iv.il  reint'.ire.- 
I  menu  anil  prnvi'.inn'i  liniii  .NirlMliin-k.  ami  prepanil  Inr  aunt  her 

ollstili:lle  il.'lenee.       rile  s;ei;.'    wis    ilu'ain  len.'Weil    a II    as  the 

weathi.r  pirmilli'il,  anil  enii' iniieil  thmii-liniit  the  suniiin'r,  hut 
tile  Chiiii'S'  ;;aiiieil  nn  ailvaiitiiL-e.  \nt  wii  h^tamliii^'  the  fi-eat 
Hii|s'riniil\  nf  the  hitter  m  nuniher-,  wint.r  Iniiiiil  lie.itnn  ami  his 
Cii":iik~  -llll  iiiienmpiereil,  anil  in  pn-sis^inn.  lie  held  Alha^in 
for  a  p.ri..il  .if  tW'i  years,  until  tli.'  winter  .il  llisS,  ami  linn 
ri'tir.il.  aitr    haviii:;  i|."eiiili  il   the    plaee  a.-aiii-t    till    limes   hm 

fiiree.       K.alnll    ;;.ive    til.'  I 'eli'stl:lis    lliaiiv   pi Is   nl    his    hull-.lnif 

I'niirau'.'.  "Iinwiii;;  thai    .1  il.ies  n,,i   eva|iiirali'  even  in  tlie  wihls  nf 

.•\»ia  ;  :iiiil   U r.  .Vlkiium  says  he  has  tlie  hest  anthnrity  firsavini; 

lie  wa»  ail     I'ai.'iisliiiian,       On    the    'iTth     nt     Auuiisi,    KiS'.l,    a 

I  treaty     w  ii    eniii'hnh'J    .il     Nertsihiiuk.    helween    ilie    Hiissians 

anil    I'hitie'i',    liy     whieh     llns-ia    was    emnpeileil    to     -iirreiulor 

all  her  ~'itleiii.'iits  ill    .Mai.|iiria   .ir    .Maiiteimriii ;    it    was  stipn- 

laliil  111  It    neither  pnwer  .■.imul. I  .n'liipy  Alliasiii,  ami  a  II  iiimlary 

Was  ileliui'il   I'l'nin  the    Itaiual    t.i    ili.  'Sea   nt'   Oklmt-k.      Oihe'r 

ilispiit.s   ai'nse,    an.l    as    it    was     I'. ami     imp  .sMlile     t.i     prev.iit 

the  Siheri.iii  iiiiiiter  frnu  pursiiini;  hi>  avoeatiniis  hey. nil  the  pre- 

I  si'tilHsl    Iniiils,     a    si'ioml    treaty    was   cniielialeil    trmn     t'liiiiesi.' 

I  ilieta'inii,  in  .lime,    I  T'-**.      .Vt    tinil    period  the  t'liiiu'M' .inthnrity 

'  prisloiiiiiiateil,  anil  Kii".i  was  sulijeeleil  tn  nuineiniis  iii-iilti.  .mil 

his  I 'I'Irsttal  .Maiesty  heji.  v.'l    tllltl    she    wa*    hi^  vassal.       \\'li:it  a 

chaiiu'e  l.isenni.'  nver  the  s.ene   siiiee  Khahainll'  ami  his  ('..s-arks 

Wi  re  apjiai-i'iilly  iinilatin.-  Ihenlil  laiii':iiii'i  i- 1  ami   tia.litinn  has 

hanile.l  .1.  wr    m   the   pre-ent  races  nn   the   Anm  >r  an  .leeniiiit  nf 

the  phimleriii:;  ami  piiatieil  cnmliict  nf  these  iiieii,  wli.isc  iiium  s 

even  yet  c:iU'»'  a   ilnail.      In  this   \c.ir  of  trace,  IHIll),  Hussia's 

]H>wer  ill  tlii'se  i'e;;iniis  IS   lint    all    idea    hut  a  f:iet.     One  luiiiilreil 

uiiil  tliii'tv  tw'.i  ye.irs   have   el  ip.seil  since   her  prnili'.'ies  nf  valmir 

were  e.i'iipelleil   tn  retre.il    timii  their  scttlemeiils  mi  the  Aiimnr. 

Ill    IH.'il    ill'    iI.M'.'inl  iiit^    nf  tliese    111.11    ttliik    pnsse^sinn  of  this 

:  prcal  livrr.  ti.nn  its  enintui  iicemeiit  In   th..  sea,  anil  aildeil  nearly 

I  Imlf  nt    .M.iiit.-iiiiria  tnthe   Kiissi:iii  empire  ;   anil  this  was  ucauin- 

I  liliaheilin  lisstli.m  six  weeks.  \Vi  reilnnw  eitlni  incessary  nrpnli 

1  tio,  M..iiiavi..||.  with  his  (.'ns.iacks,  cniihl  pitch  his  I  ihstia.  l.'.rn 

Sli^esl).  ni.iuilarms,  pigtails,  an.l  all.  int. >  the  ;;ull  nl  I'e'.ulie-iue. 


TT 


I  I 


h 


288 


ML   ROUND  TIIK    WORLD. 


Tilliitji' of  Aiiiliii  Shi'Ii.iU':iii.     'IVikiiii;  ii<l\.iiit^i);r  of  mir 
i'Vfiiiiii.''i   liiinuiiii;  li«,   wr   |miJi|   it   ji    M-il.      Fmiii-    i'M 

liii'li,  two  iilil  wmii :iiii|  tlirci'   ymni'.;   cliililri'ii.  uirr 

till'  iiiily  iiiliMl>iliiiil!<,  till'   I'i'Ht    nl    the  iiili;t><jtaiii'<  ui'ti' 
iiiit  limit liii;  III'   li-liiiiL;      Till'  li'iiiscs,  ili->tt'iliiili'i|   liri'i- 

itiiij  llii'l'i',  wi  It'  I'll  Illy  >''iii«|rtii'ti'i|   III'  u I,   rl.iy,  iiml 

riiniici,      'I'lii'i'i'  Vi.s*  iiili'ij  |iii|ii'i'  al  tin'  uinlnws  instraii 

"('  uliiHH.     Tliii  IOIMII-*  vvi'ii'  il rii'ij  «itli  |i;iiiitiiii;s  mi 

iii\ii~,  ii'in'i'Mi'iiliii^  till' iluiiiitiii  I'f  till'  l!iii|illil^t  .'iiiil 
I'll  wiir  lii|i.  Tlii'ii'  xvi'i'i',  altii,  sivrral  nliji'i'ts  ul' 
I  liiiii'si' iiiMiiulai'liii'i',  >ili'li  lis  rii|ilHiai-iN  ami  ijiiiiirstii' 
iilrii^ii''.  Massi's  III'  liirrli,  fliii.  iiiajili'.  araria,  aiMJ  nl' 
tin'  ilii'iilii|ial'alili'  /'i/rim  n/hrhilii/ii.  <ivi'i'«liaiii>\vri|  laili 
iif  llii'.ii'  liiniilili'  ii'-iii|i'iii'rs,  wliiiji  aU.i  |i  i^'M'-.mmI.  m 
aililllinii,  I'arli  <>!'  iIumii  a  i;ai'ili'ii  rillti\aii'<l  vtitli  tin- 
^li'atrHl  rai'r.  I  iriiial'ki'il  in  lliiiii  'lilli'l'i-lit  kiinU  ul' 
iiiilli't  ami  linliaii  r  irii  :  mihI  tlii'ii,  in  ^inill  ><|iiai'i'M. 
Uray  raili-ln'S,  Ink^,  i,',irlii',  S|iaiii<li  |ii|i|ii'r.  I''ri'iiili 
'ii'aiiM,  anil  iitlni'  \i'iii'lalili>.  i.ik''  tiin'  itn-.'-i  iii«.  \m' 
i>|nrially  ailiiiiiril  i«ii  ihw  vaiii'lif.i  'i|  i- iIi'm','!'. 
Tlii'si'  |ii'n|il('  |i(i>.srsscil  li'W  lattli'  ainl  Imfsi-..  Imt  in  my 
,'>:.'>,  II ml  a  pal  tii'iil  II'  kiml  •■(  I'liwU. 

Ni'Xt  ilay,  il.iiililiiiL,'  a  'ai"  wliicli  ailviin'i'l  I'i'.hii  tin' 
li'l't.  wi'  laiiir  ii|iiiii  till'  iiiinii'ii^i'  xalh'y  ul'  llii'  Siji.  .ir 
Xiyii,  «  liiisi>  li.iiiks -.ti'i'trlii  il  iH'y.iii'l  ii'<iiin.  an<l  ttliirli 

rni|ilii'il  ilsi'lt'  iiilii  I  Ih'    An r  liy  a  m'I'v  vviili'  Mimitli. 

lis  wati'fs  lliitti'il  alniii,'  till'  liiitiini  ..I'  tin-  \alli'y  liki- 
a  I'iliahil.  I  In'  |ilarii  is  iiim'  n|'  inriini|i  ifaM"  liitiity  . 
I  iii'M'i'  saw  anytliinj;  liki'  it.  Tlir  wi.ltli  ami 'li'|>tli 
"t    till'  A  niiiiii' air  riiii.siili'i'.ilily  inrri-asiil  liy  iliisailiii 

tinlial  inas.H  111'  wati'i'.      Il'  tin inliy   lliat  >iit  r.niii.l-- 

All'iisin,  till'  iniiiitlis  of  tlir  Kaiiiara  ami  tin-  Aii;iiii, 
all'  Wi'll  aila|ilnl  fur  {'■iiinlili;;  istalili^liiin'iils,  tin- 
\  illi'V  iif  till'  Saja  is  •.till  imirt'  ini'liralili-  l'i''iin  many 
■•■Hisiiliialiiins.  A.'c'iiriliiii;  In  a  ti'|i'iil.  i|  iti'il  l'!"*!, 
irmi  lias  lu'iii  I'miml  in  tin'  W'liitr  MMiintalns,  inicl- 
ili^laiu'i'  lii'twi'i'ii  till'  immlli  ul'  tin'  Sija  ami  ili.' 
Si'liii;;a,  ulu'  of  its  I  liliiltai'ii's. 

I'll  illy  vi'ists  fi'uin  till'  iii'Milli  I  if  till' Saja.  is  tin'  I'UMi 
III'  Sa'.'aliin  I'll  Kli'ilun  Tin'  iiitiTv  il  lilwiin  is 
jiilinl    vvilli     lillli'  V  il|a;.'rs  i'ii|ii|i'i>i'.l    "I    a  li'W  lulls,    mi 

I'  iiiiilr  I'i'iiin  mil'. lliiT.    ill. it  III 'Uiiii'^   I    lisi.mi'c 

III   livi'  v  1  r^ls  .iliii:,'  I  111'  il  ink-.      I  'nil  i\  iti-  I  lii'Ms  witi' 

III  III'  ■.•■•  n  111  till'  lli'inllliiillllliiiiil  iif  till'  linllsi's.  Till' 
[ii'il.  uliirli  i^  a  littlr  liit  aliiivr  lln'  tnw  ii.  I'liiil.iiiii- I 
llill'l\  IIm'  I  iI'^i'  Imals,  rai'li  ul'  wliirli  i  uill'l  iMiry  ii'"' 
|i  Miil.i.     .Siiinii    nii'inlii'i's   iif  til"   ••\|ii' litimi  lii\in^i'\ 


that  llii'y  wi'i'ii  iililijji'il  to  )ni  ilrivni  out  with  stirk«. 
In  li'iiiit  iif  till'  liiw  tnwn  is  an  iolaml  mi  wliirli  i.iii  Ih' 
SITU  till'  I'l'iiiiiiis  III'  a  iiiml  wall.  I  In*  List  rrliis  uf  i\ 
l'iii'lii's.s  I'linstiiicti'il  liy  till'  .Maiiti'liiiCliimsi'  tu  ii'sist 
till'  iin'111'siiilis  uf  till'  t'ii.s.sackH  uf  tin'  .scvi'liti'riitli 
I'l'iiliii-y. 
I  Five  vt'l'sts  liiliiw  S,|i»,iliii,  nil  till'  Irit  li.ink  uf  llin 
.\lmiul',  iil'r  till'  I'i'iii  nils  i>\'  .\i<.;nii,  wliirli  in  llii' 
srvi'iiti'i'iitli  ri'iitiiry  liinl  all  tin'  ini|iui'lain  r  wliirli 
till'  ullii'i-  I'ily  li:i.s  ari|iiiii'il  ill  the  [ii'i'si'iit  ilay.  \\  Inn 
till'  ('iiss.'ii'k-  imi'li'  llii'ir  aiiiiiHiiaiii'i'  mi  llir  i'Imt, 
tills  plari'  was  alialnluiii'il  ;  anil  alti'l'  tilt'  i'a|itiil'u  of 
.Nri'l-i'liinslt.    Iliis    city    uf  Sii:;aliii    was   lliiimliil,     in 

a iiliiini'    with    iiisinii'timis   ri'mivi'il   lu   ih.ii   iil'i'i't 

I'l'iiin  Trkiii 

lli'liiw  till'  ininti'in  uf  lliu  Saja  tin-  \allr\  -  <'\|iaiii| 
nil  liiitli  siili's  uf  llir  .\miiur,  till'  lianks  Iuwit.  ami  tin- 
liliii'  niiiiinlains  i|isi|i|ir.'ii'  in  tin'  Inni/un.  'I'Ih'  luwri' 
li'M'ls  lii'i'iiini'  I'Vi'ii  inai'sliy.  ami  arr  iiilris|ii'i'.sn|  with 
hull'  l.iki's  siii'i'iiiiinli'il  liy  nishi's  ami  niiii's.  \\v  ati- 
in  till'  ;;ii'al  smil  n'lii  riirvi'  uf  tlin  lisir  hasin.  Tin' 
l*a  iiriiii   llura.  wlinli  |iiri|ii|iiiiiali'-  as   far  as  I  he  Saja, 

Is    tniw    siii'i Ii'il    iiv    an   l'!iiiu|ii'aii    M':;rl  it  iu'i,  wliirli 

runtiiiilrs  as  fii'  as  tin-  cunlliii'ln'r  uf  tin'  .Simyaii.  Tim 
linir,  uf  limlrii.  till'  |Hi|ilai'.  till'  I'^riinH  imisni/.i..  t\u) 
llri/  III  I  irMii,  ami  ni'mtiiI  utlnis,  ami  iiruiiml  whirli 
i;i'iiw  till'  uak,  till'  iiiit.aml  whiti'  liiirh.ari'iiuw  iiii't  with. 

It  is   111    111'   ii'iiiaiki'il   that  mily  wiM  ti s  >;iiiw  almijj 

till'  hanks  ui  till'  I'iM  r  ;  liiil  in  thi'  .Malili  liii  vill.iyr.s 
ami  ^ai'ili'lis  tin'  rliii  ami  |Ki|i|ai'  ai'i'  fmiiiil  |ilanti'il  liy 
t  hi'  liainl  I'i  liiaii. 

.Ml  this  rminliy  rrniimis  mn'  uf  tin'  hrst  |iafls  uf 
ri'iiir.il  Kiii'ii|ii'an  liiissia.  It  luiiM  rmitaln  a  rmisiilcr- 
ahh'  |iii|inl  ilnm,  w  hirli  wuiihl  Iiml  i<\i'ry  fnility  tur 
ii'ariiii;  iinnii'i'iiiis  In-iils  uf  latllr  ami  lim-MS,  ami  tlmkn 
uf  >ln'i'|i.  ami  rmiM  riilll\.ili'  iiniiirli-i'  tnnts  unly 
waitini;  tur  llir  |iluiii;li.  Itt'siili'.-.  ihi'  I'i'Miiirrrs  wliirli 
nlni'  ruliini>ts  wiiiilil  iliiiw  fiuin  a  vii'ijin  .soil  riail 
w  itii  ailniiialilt'    iiatiii'.il    |iasliir('.s.  ami  ^Mth   a   liiaKiiiti' 

ci'iit    |ii|i'-l    M'i;i'l,itluii,  tin'  .\li r  ttiiiiiil  sii|i|i|y    lln'iil 

with  an  im-Jiaiistililr  i|iiaiitily  uf  ti>li. 

Il  is  mil\  :il    till iilhirm f  tin'  linijja    that    this 

;.'ii'.it  siiii'N  ,i!  Ill  lih' plains  .iml  i.illuy--,  wliiih  await  tin- 
Inl'il-ni.in  ami  tin'  |i|miL;liMian,  lii  iiiiiiali'.  ami  thi' li.i.siii 
"I  till'  .Xiiiiiui'  Is  mill'  inui'r  hi'iiinii'il  in  ln-lwi't'ii  imniii- 
laiiis. 

Till'     ^'ii  at     .M.iiil'liiii  iaii    ih.iili,     r.illiil     Inrlnii    ur 


ii'>si'i|  a   w  Is 


h    tu   \isit    till'  ('iiini'si'   tutt  II.    iln-v  Will'      km;.'  Iiaii    In   Alkiiisun.    ami    1 1  iii',' '  J  ill    hv    I'liiiiikiii 


li'i'i'lM'il  a 
L'  iMi'imr,  am 


t  till'  lamliii 


liV  tl 


inih.iii  III'  .M  iiili'hii       iml  wliii  h  si'ii.iiati'S  tin'  hasin  ul  I  In' Siiin.'ai'i  I'luiii  ih.tl 


liv    1 1 


til  II'-,  «  liu    iin  It. 


I     ihi'iii     tu     uf    thn       I'liiii'i      .Viiiuui',     ('i'u>s    till'    lalti'l' 


I'litrr  a    tint    in  «liirli    Iwu    hi'inlii's    Iml    lui'ii   plnril       puiiil    t 


I'l 

I    'i't    an 


ir    this 


I    uiiili'  with  till'  Yahjiimii  m-  Si 


Tin 


1-1     11. 

fill'    linll' 
iml.       11 


ili'i'li'il    all     lln 


'Is       III'       ill, 


liruw   nil    ils  raiiilliraliiiiis,  that   r.xlrml   to 


ilimi.    till'   llnri'     wi'ii'    at    li':i>t    a      lln-  I'Mii'im'    mHlhi.is 


iry  ui'i'u  a 
a  sli.ii  |i   iiiiiiil,    li.ir  liin- 


.11111'  III    pil 
-wiii'iis  ;  111 


si    III   ihi'  .V.-ialir  riiiiiimnt.      lit 
I      lis  riiiirsi'    ilii'iiin.'li     till-  iiiiiiiiit.iiii  rliaiii  t  lir  .\  iiiiiui'  no 

tln'ap|ii'ir        I'll. 'If    pi"si'iil>    any  'A'  lli nnini'luus   isl.imls  wliirli 

lis  ami  mil'  aii'  pii-v  im-ly  iiirt  with  .  Iml  il-  wati'is.  iIi'i'|h'|',  iiiuri" 
lii'is.  Iial  liii'si'  III  -mall  niinihiT,  wiTi' arnii'l  iipnl.  ami  iiiuii'  pi  IIm  ni  lliaii  Inl'i'tuturi'.  ii'lli'i't  tin- 
I'ts;    lull  aim. i-t  all   lii'M  -iii.ill  Imw  -  in  i  Inir     .nlniiialili'  M'l'i-I  il  lull  ul    n-    li'ii'lii  s  liki' a  linipi'l  tnir- 


I  iiii'l  rt  illi  lull:;  sticks,  tu  »  Iml 
1    ill    lln'   lire.  ^i\( 


Hill'    I'l    I  lll'lll    II  I'l 


li, Mills,    ami     h  nl 


■  limililir  .  Ill 
.'iiiis.    iiniMiii 


aivi'i'    I' 


■I     .iiimv- 


'II 


tl 


I'lr      iiii'. 


Il  is  mi  |iiiii.'i'i'  aliiiM'  -'"iiitii  :'iiMi  Villi-  in  wiiUh, 


-tllMi'     ll'ulll     lili'lillt     Wi'li-1     II        .Hill    , it      Illni'S      li.'l 


ll'lv      lll.ll  I'u     tl 


11'    rmiii   an 


1   tu   lln 


'1   nil    i.'1'iat   wlni'l.-.    rmlcly   cuii-tiiiiii' i  .      li-fl,  piiiiiitiM' f  ii'i.iis.  wiili\a-l   tiniliri' tni  s  ami  an  ini 
each  L'lni  w  IS  (lAi  iiil  with  a  liitlc   ruuf  ii[  liiiih  Imk.      pi'inlrilili-  iimlii'.'i'uw  tli.  .stntili   alun^    tli"  hanks,  ami 

'1  iiilmir.      Tu  1- '.I'h  :,'ini  .1     ci-icp  up  llic  siilcs  uf  the  niuiintaiiis  tu  llnii'    \iiy.siini 


till'  whiili-  I 

mall  was    alsii   altnln 

wc  cuiilil  Mill    -  1    il    tin 


^lllW  •mati'li 
J,'u    int. I    till-    II 


'I  Willi   a   st:i  k    in    Ills    h.iinl,  Init      mils,  ami  licvuinl  the  rcarli  uf  visiun 


stirk    sil'Mil    a-   a    hamlli'  III  a  Tin-  Silii 


liar,    llio  .liitjlaiis.  till'   ( 'iiiilifii  pirn 


Till     ninhnn      ii't'iiscij    h-    pciini^-i.ni  tu     ami   the    .MuiiLruliaii    uak,    fui'iii,    with    llnir    puwiil'nl 


sinii    II  iiiilii.'i'.i   111 


it     III.'     |i.\Mi. 
tu   the    ti'llt,   il 


Ih. 


ilii'is.  came 


Tl 


inn;;   the  intervifw . 


a  ri''ii|  N.uill    >>(  il.irk    lireeii.   iiilivemil  h. 


il    I 


ii'fe  w  nil  I  lie    w 


hill'   ami   lliikel  in.'    lints    uf  the 


iii.i!{iiiti 
ly   llii'iii 

il    tlii- 

Iw.iil   lllk' 

llii'  li.i.siii 
il  iiiouir 


Il  III    <>r 


III  tliul 


(III 


II. ml  ti 


liMHir  ii'i 


iliii'ii 


i'l  tiiir- 

VMlitll, 
lo     till- 


.«rl  till 

,1    I1...V 

■  f   til.' 


"hit 


Wl 


iv; 

■a 


A* 


i. 


t. 


!•  I. 


41 


ii 


UP   AND   DOWN  THE   AMOOR. 


Ml 


silxri-  IimVcmI  iisjicil  mill  I'irrli,  .'it  :t  hrii,'lit  (if  .'til  yaiils 
mill  iiiiiii' ;  wliilst  iil  llir  timl  <>f  iIm,'--i'  ^{iiiits  of  iIh' 
vi';ji'tiilili'  kiMi;i|iini  iiiMiiini'i'alili'  -liriili^,  .iml  !>till  iiimi' 
iiiiiiiiTiiils  lliiwci'iii^'  jilmits,  v^irii'il  .s|ii'i'iiiii'iis  nf  tli.it 
|l:i-lll'iaM  Holii.  >'il  ll)':ir  til  till'  liiitmiisi  illl<l  tin-  llul'tirlll 
tlll'ist,  iiri"  liinlnlfil  tii^'iflnr  ill  imlisi'lilialili'  colifil-.inii, 
mill  wliirli  i<s(ill  t'lirllirr  iinrnisfil  liy  llif  iinxtrir.ilili- 
io|M'  liki'  niHWtli   iifHijil  viiirs  mill  nf  tin-  'J'lfi/iiiitii/iifi 

ivlliijl  rlilllliS  U|l   fliHIl     till-  ^I'l  I'll   .lllil    llluist    tlllllk>,  llltn 

wlii.'li  tlirysi'inl  tlicir  imiis,  ii  tin?  mm'v  siiiiiuiil  nf  tlu' 
si|i  lii'uriii;;  tii'i'.  mill  wliirli  lliiH  sim'Vij  In  llii'lii  as  ii 
liiiliii'i'  ii|i\vm'ils  til  till' Mill  mi'l  l|i;lit. 

Ill  flii'si'  i|i'ii-i!  riivi'i'l-*,  till'  iiiily  iKilliw.iy*  an-  iIhim' 
wliirli   liaM'  lii'iii  ii|iiii.i|  liy  lIu-  luars.  aiii|  ii|i  tn   I  "^'i  I 

iii'itlii'r  I  III' w Iiiian'-iaxi'  iinr  tln' >|Hirtsiihiii  s  ;;iiii  |i;|i| 

yi't  wmiii'il  till'  fauna  of  tlii'^i-  vast  ■<iililiii|i's  tliit  tin- 
iiicii  nf  llii'  west  liail  ill  fisi'iM'  fur  thrill  ii'iIm-i  iii.iii' 
I'li'uiiilalili'  I'vi'ii  than  llir  ti'.ji'i's  rnar,  |iri'\iiiiis  i..  iluit 
rpDi'li  thi'ir  iiiii'lialliin,'i'il  kiii'^. 

lieyoinl  till' iniaith  nf  tin-  Itiiiiji,  tin'  iiiiitui'aiii-<  on 
till'  left  liaiili  lif^^in  ill  I'l'ci'ili',  ainl  laki' a  iii'ii''  ii'rlhi  rly 
rlifi'i'lioii.  Aliiii>-t  iiiiiiii'iliati'ly  afti'i'«aiils  tlm-ii'  of 
tlio  rii;lif  liaiik  turn  ii|ii;illy  tntlii!  smilli  wi'st,  Thi' 
riMT  il-icll',  iifti'r  ilisi'iii'  :'ia-in^  itsilf  i.f  the  vii-iiiitv 
nf  tlif  iiiuiinlaiii-i,  ■iH>iiirv<  ;,'iMi|ii,illy  an  i'a<li-ni  ilir-'i' 
tinii.  riius,  al'tiT  a  iii'iiiiitaiiiniis  icarh  nf  ■ilmiil  I'Jtt 
vi'rsis  in  iNti'iit,  wiili-  v.illi'V-'  arr  -ii't'ii   i'.'  a|i|ii'uiiiii;  mi 

Uli'   tAVn-i'li'.   nf    till'     Alllnnr.   all'l    llfltlll'l!    ri'^IIMIi'S  i  h.'!'!' 

l||l'.^lllll'  '^-IMMlinM'  a.S|iirt  vvhii'li  llii'  i\|i  ijil  inii  h  ii| 
Ml  iiiirh  uiliiiii'il  iiliiivi-  ill''  ■;iMii'  ili'^i-niiti.iii  nf 
wninl-i  ami  fnri'Ms,  till'  siiiii'  lii\i;iiaiii  iniiiii's  an. I 
iiii'ailn^N.-<,  al'i' ^iri'ii  :  ami  mii'  ran  niily  \\n^,r  thii  man 
llliy  snnli  'ii'  IsMi-  tn  |i|i>lit  liy  ill  ll|i'>i'  Ljll'ti  nf  lialllfi'. 
On  till'  l;"tlli  nf  diiii'.  vii-  narlii' i  the  iimiuh  nf  Ih.' 
Siiiisiari  .*  s  it  fiiiiiiH  a  ill  Ita,  it  is  liillinilt  tn  ililir 
iiiiiii-  whii'li  is  till'  rliii'f  liraiii'h  ;  .iinl  tli"  ra|ii<lily  wiili 
wllii'll  wi'  wi'i'i  i;n!M^'  .1.1  1 II.  mil  jH'i'iiiitti'il  III.'  tn  iiiaki' 
.1  li'W  iinti's  ill  ri",'.ir  i  tn  til 'ii-   ;.'ii'a(  iivit,  vvhirli  liriiiif 

ill  till"  wadis  nf  ('I'litral    Maiiti  ii'iria  iiitn  tin'  Amnnr. 

Till'  iiiiiinii.M'  riri'iilar  ^aliiy,  wjiicli  njiiiiK  lii'linnl  tlii' 
hills   lii'vnii'l,   ll.is    n   wiillll    III'   I  S.'t    \iTsts.   mil    it-^    i|i'|itl<, 

\:<  iiiikiiiuMi  Whi'ii  till'  Alllnnr  i?i  si'i'ii  aft  IT  ri'1'1  i  V  iiiL; 
ihis  iH'W  ^t|•(•.llll,  «  hi.li  r.iiisliiiMis  a  ifii' It  ainl  |iii\vi'i'fii| 
rivi'i'  ill  itsilt,  ll.iwiiii;  in  niii-  iinilnl  lunly  llirmi^fli 
annthi'f  iii'iiiiit  lin  |Ms^,  tin'  iiiiiiil  is  arri'>ii'i|  «i,li  lli,' 
tlmu'^lit  —  iliil  it  niik''  it'-  '.Nay  llii'nu'.;ii  (ii"^i'  \a»t 
r.iiii|iart'<  iif  stniii'   liy  iisn-in   |in\i'i',  nr  \vhil  ■  nn.nin- 

(inns  mill  l'iltlli-|y>ni>   lli-«'  I    I'nr   jl     i    in.l  I    in  Ih"   ni'.'an  : 

Till'  ilistriit  liitwiiii  till'  .'"•MHijiri  iml  ihi-  l.'suri 
jU'i'si'iitH  ii.it  liiiii»  rt'iiiaik  ilili'.  -iM'  till'  >h.'"is  ih'\;l.,;-in^ 
Hill. I",  rnvircil  with  \villn\v-i,  a.-ai  i.i~,  iinl  unnsilicrrv- 
tri'i's,  aiiil  ill  till"  xalliys,  |iii'liiri'si|iii'  naks,  ilnis, 
niajili',  |>n[il,ir.  ami  isli.  It  is  mily  mi  a|i|i|nariiiii;;  I  lie 
inniilli  nf  till'  r^ini  thai  llii'  iiiminl.iiiis  whii'h  liin'  tin' 
rii;lit  hank  I'nini- ilnwii  iii'ir  'In'  riV'r;  tlnlrtl  hank 
rniiliiiui's  In  lin  liiw.'     All  iliis  ri'ginii,  altliiMigh  nlti'ily 


I  Aliiiiit  Iwiity  i.iil.<  lii'liivv  Si'li  i;||,i  K.i,),  111,.  Animir  i'\|>iiniiii 
III  iiiiir"  lluiii  tlini' iiiil.'^  Ill  wiillli,  Willi  mriiiy  riliiinli  m-:iitiT.-.l 
iiv.r  111  Ih'iI  ;  it  tlii'M  iiii'r.iu*  ii_Miii,  ainl   riiiii   |«i«t    lln'  I'Nit    "f 

Ak  iliir,  lu'Miiiil  II  lii-.iuil  nil :iki'<  II  iiiivi'  tn  tin-  miiitli.    Inn  ill;; 

ii|.ri.  till.  ,i|iiNiir:iiiii' .if  II  I.iIm'  Itian  II  rivT  ;  tliii  i«  iiiiini'.l  Tir 
C'liii;      Till' rniihtn  .111  111.!  li-jlit   u  „  |,|:iiii  i.,ni.r,.il  \ilili   Lm,- 

(friiiis,   I'liiiniH   ..f  .\ii;.irt<   iin.l   || m,.   „.iili.r.'.|   nv.r  ll       On 

till' ii.i-ll.  «i,|,.,  „  s.Ti'4  lit'  Kiiiall  \  illi-vn  iin.l  iMimli.l  lull-  i  vli'inl 
tn  II  n.'cnl  if>|nnrr  .  Iiiyniiil  IIu'm-  ari'  «ri'll  tlir  •nilnlMil'i  "I  I 
iiniinili  II  I'lmiii.  Af>rr  ii  wiiiiliiitr  I'miiw  •<(  iiiaiiy  inilii.  tin'  illl 
frri-iil  lirinirlii'H  arc  iinili'il.  unit  llii'  ?i\.r  tl.twH  .in  in  niii'  irrral 
ii'ri'uiM,  iiiiirc  limn  Ih'ii  inili'it  in  niiltli.      I  In' l.iiiiKt  aro    mm',   .iinl 


iininl.ahiti'il  at  till'  prr-^i'iit  iiintiipnt,  pri'si'iitM  mi  Imth 
siili's  vast  s|iai'i's  iii|a|ili  i|  t'.  rnlnnisatimi,  tn  ii'/niiiltnri', 
ami  tn  |iastiii  in^   r.itlli  Thi'    laml.-r  i|ii'   |ir.  .-rrM's  the 

siiiiii'  rhirarti'i',  ll|i  l.i  I  h  "  jinilLt  u  lli'l'i'  thi'  rliaili  nf 
Innillltailis,     wliirh    .si'|i.ii'ati'>    tin'    hiisili    nf    tin-     I   slU'i 

Irmii    till'  I'nast  nf  til I'lii,  ilrivL'S  llic   couim'  of  tUo 

Amnnr  nniii'  tn  thr  iim  i  h^anls.- 


.li.\.  tliii-kly  i'"Vi'rr.l  vvilli  titiiliiT;  in  x.iiir  |.lari"*  \  ipUi' ar.- t'.'niiisl 
tlii.ii'^fll  till' ili'.iM'  tiiri'-l.  li-.iilin;;  to  II  liln*i>|i.li  r..iit.lr\  iHyi.ml, 
wlii'ii'  1  ii'li  pa-tiiri-H  >lri'l.'ii  nut  In  a  ^ri  ill  iii^laini',  I'lil  ila'  niif*'. 
i-  iii'ii  T  ri'.'iipi-.l,  1  xri'|il  lij  llic  uilil  aniiiiali.  Ili.lli  kii.l  s  (lartalie 
•  it'  I  111'  Sinn-  cliai'ai'U'r.  ai"!,  mil  vutli-taniliiii;  tlnir  InxtirtaiiiT, 
(III')  w.ar  a  iltltiri'iit  iispirl  nrilln-r  man  imr  iiii  wmk-*  U'linj 
\i.ililr,  anil  N.itiiri'  |i<iiii's  tin  li  liir  |.i.inila's  <.iil.\  |..  uitlnr  ami 
llii-  iinlii'iil.  ll  It'iKMa  li.li  .lilaiiii'il  a  li'iiili'n  iih.K'  Miiiial.li> 
llian  all  llii' •ii|.|iii-ril  riill.in  .li-lii.l- ..|  Alra-a,  wa<i  n  il  liv  liiiii- 
ilu'ill  .ifstnaiiis  ll'iHill::  mill  llir  ^Jlml  alli'iy  ll.al  [..n-r*  llirnnfli 
n^rllliri'  li'iii^Mii.  'I'lic  rliniato  is  ;:i.iiil,  anil  urll  MllU'.l  tiir  |- llro- 
pi'iinii;  its  aniinaU  lii'l.iii^  In  If. ill  Itn'  t'lilil  anil  uaiiii  ri-^ii'lis, 
'ilnlr  lis  l.i\iiti.ini  In'rl.au'i'  ami  in  .^nitiiriil  llira,  |>ti.vi'  tlial  tliv 
'iin|HTatni'.' ii  iirillnr  i.i  \  ir  in  uiiitir,  lair  I'Urt  »>iM  l\  Iml  in 
-iiini  Hi',      it  is  |i. I'l-ilili'  t!i!l    »i'iiii'  .  f   tla-i'  firal    liliii.-    ii.ar   In' 

iiiiti'il  C.ir  llii'inlnii f  till'  rii'ti'ii  I'laiil  :   if  m.    i>   -i.)  I'l*  nt  tlii» 

valiialili'  |.r'i.lin't  uiil,  iri'  I. mi.',  In'  li'iii.il  at  tin'  l!n>»iaii  |  i.rU,  in 
Illl'  Si'ii  I.f  .lapa",  anil  in  llir  tiiilf  if  'larlan.  A  tin  in.  tin-  Aiini.r 
>h-.'l('lh"i  ..lit,  v%illi  Itnni 'l.ill'«  l'<lall'l<  ni.lli'll  iiM't  lt>  >nitari  ;  llai>t 
.if  till"*!' an*  liiw.  anil  (-.iM-ri'.l  uilli  uiII.iwm.  At  !lii'  !'lnr  of  tlii* 
-|.ri|iL,'  II.Ni.ls  Hay  an*  inninlainl,  aiil  linn  it  iil.il.iin  ii  iiii|;lily 
-H'laiii,  iii'.ir  ll\<<  mill's  III  hIiIiIi.  tl.al  i  xti  inU  |i>r  lliiili  nr  Inrlx 
niliH.  'I'll!  hiU-  nun  r|..si'  ,l'  .nil  li'liT  tin'  IIishI  il.ln 
I   iiirrin\   rliaimi'l,    till    il    narliis     aia.il.ii    i^nal   i a|'.iIim'   i  aiinil 

S'lmllia-kii'i.       'Ill niiir;.    lii.inr-   l,.i(;iily   iiiti  i,  >iii  j; ;  i.n   tin' 

nnrtli,  v'Vi'r.il  vallr\'*  inn  far  np  Mnmn;  M.n'iiil  liilU,  wlm-li 
I'Mi'ti.l  tiii\aiiU  till'  Kin;;lian  ii.' nntaiiiK,  wIidm  ^lln  mils  art*  mi 
'li^l.iiit.  that  tlic.s  appi  iir  aiini'st  likr  I'lntnl.'.  t.i.  tl.i' In  ri/nii.  'I'o 
I. a*  s.iiitli,  till'  iiniiintanis  i.f  Kl..  iik  trla-r-Kl.i.i'ri  nr  n,i-  mi'Ii 
■tri'l.'liin.'  fur  tu'Vninl  tin'  (ln,"iiiiri',  aial  ii.ii'  lla-  '1|||.m<1 
M  inii'Inniiiii  "  Kl  ilnraitn'  lirlili'  |'la:iii.  v'ltu.il  ali  ii|:  .lu'  Lank* 
'  I  ill.'  ruir,   ttii.Ti'.l  l.v    iniinni.iis  riMilr:*  ll.at  ilr«ii  ml  li    in  tlic 

lii'l.int   ll.lls,        l'lnin|is     nt     ni,i)'li',     Jn.pla.',    inai    lllt.i  -llri'-   arr  llif< 

|N':>ril  iivrr  this  Inn'l.  i.i.il  will.  «■.  Iiai^r  lln  l.nlrr-  i.t  the 
'ir.ain-.  'I'liii  sri  n"  sn.hiUI  Ir  iii|iriiviil  In  In  nls  i.i  .  :.:ilr  I  ii.u  •iii); 
.111  illl' |ilaiii,  Illl. I  uatiiik;  i'iii|  s  i.|  rnrii  nii  lli-  ii  I.  ..•'■-  'I  iini', 
ii.iAi'vr,  Hill  li-ii.;;  alsiiil  llii'i'liaii^'r,  anil  i'MH  tin  .Mai  xai)-- anil 
\l  iii^'ii.ais  m.iv  Urinni'an  a^iin  nllnial  |>i  i.|'lr.  As  tin' i  iw  r  mii- 
liniii'siin  its  il.iHiiw  It'll  I'l.inM',  ila  a^js'il  i.l  tin  n  iinlrx  rliiii):i>i 
rill'.  Ii'jin  111  liv'  nil  Ih'IIi  -I, nil.,  ill  «l,irli  11  alij  laMliis  liatn 
li.'1'll  nil  li\  III!'  |..ri-i'iits  llial  rnini  tllli.l.ia.i.'  Inln  llir  l.ij-l.rr 
irr.Mi.iil  inl.i  Ihu  Aiinmr.  'I  i  i  v  rni'iiinr  li.i  ii  ai._\  n  ilr-  Ki'laail 
.I'l.v  tnali'l'ial  i'lian::i',  till  lliiv  liinli  kinr-l-ki.,  v.fiii  lia'  lilrr 
r\|iaii'lii  inlii  a  itrrji  I'uy  I'li  its  si,nilnrit  >li"ri.  ai.il  ti.is  i«naiiiiit 
N'aiinu'.''a.  Tlirrr  ik  a  Innjiim'  sttiliiiiiiit  l.irt'  atni  altlii.i'):li 
tllrrliirl  iKVll|i;ili  niH    i|   llir    |ii..|.|.'  air    lisl.ilijr    'iliil  l.lll.lill^',  rarh 

il.U'lliiii;  i-  sini Illl  l.\     1-  (.•aiilrii.  ill  «1  illl  I1..1I,  H'fii.ililr-  anil 

ll'irt.Ts  am  nilii\alril,  I  iir  Mninili  an  •  Mn  il  1  yl\  1  ilii>tiiniiii, 
ami.  ni'likr  till'  rnn^'ii-x'  an. I  kiilliiin  ks  nt  Nil  1  na.  kri'|i  tlirir 
ihvrlliii,;s  nral  ami  ('Iran,  i'dli  n cii  anil  u.  iia  n  |i- s-is.  a'l  llii< 
i|iialilii'sii'i|iiiri' 1  ill  nil  linlii>li''i'nit  |H'|>iila'iiii.,  I  in .\  arr  an  ii- 
ri'i'ilin;,'ly  iniitati\>'  rarr,  m  il  rxniii)  Ir  ui'  ^m  tar  t>.\\ai'ilH  rlian^iii^ 
Illl  ir  ll  iliil«.  Ilry.iiiil  till'  liat.  a  laigr  iiiii'l  nl  iiaailcH  fiial  runs 
iiji  ililiia  iTI'rat  riirvr  liiriii"!  li.\  tl.r  li<i<tilitailis.  uliiir  tlii-x  swit'p 
r.iniid  t  .nar.ls  llii>  ( >n-s..iii'i ,  I'l  illn:;  in  hi^'li  rlills  1 11  ifr  liunk  nf 
llir  .\iiiii.>l,  anil  llai.'  nr  lli.  inks  nf  Kirina,  uliiili  l.rlli  11  la. Ill 
.1111    |ii.'lii;i''«.|ni' 111  ailiaiiil         \  ^lnall    iiiinnt  llir  Aninnr   iiiakr-  h 

Ini'ii  ll'  Ila'  -".mil  111  tills  |..iiii. I  runs  mi  ti'Uaiii.<  tin  in.  nth  ..f 

till' Oiissniirr,  ll  ivini;  a  narr  "»  Irnl  "f  Hal   I.n  il  alnn.' 1 1 1' liaiik. 

'  I'll   II  r...'i,\  iinin. ma',  wliirli   jiils  .'iit  i:  l.i  thr   rixir,  a   little 
th\.inil  Kinta,   n'r  ll.i-  rrinains  nf  an  iini-ii  lit  li.rt,  niiil  in  tir  il  the 

r snC   Mrliaiiska        Thr  r'H'ks  run  inarl.v  |»  i|.i'iiili(  iilar  iIuhm  to 

!'ir  -.vatrr,  ami  f.inn  n  liiilr  slirllriiil  nun  that  niii  mil.v  \m 
i,|'|ii'iiai'liril  in  a  li'.il.  ami  ,1  tiarr.ii  insk  i.iiiiists  tliis  mass  with 
Illl   hi-li   liaiik       In  Ihr  siinini.  r  nf   lll.M,    Klialiiinll   xiMti.l   the 

I  "IS.,  nil',  anil,   :il>i'r  ilii-idiiitj   t.i   I. .1111   a   i«  nnai t    sitlU'iiiriit 

mar  lis  ii'.aii'i,   .rl.ciril  tills  |.lir.'.   an   nalir.    Ii'iil    il'iii'  II.  .oh 

tiiHiirili  I. ml.  riii_'  tliis  |il s.-rnv.-       \Vi:li  nl    lii»«   nf  titin-,  \t« 

r.iinimi I  n|..r  iii.iiis.  fir«l  si'riniiiL'  li  s  liltlr  Iinl  nf  liiMt..  in  tlio 

I'M',  lliiit  tinnn.l  it  irnnil  ami  sali  larluair;  a  path  «ai«  vn 
rnninil  ll.al  rlial.l.'il  llir  lll"n  tn  sralr  ti>i'  rlitVs.  al.il  li..  tr  i.i  \>iy.;\ 
Itiiiliiiiiu'  a   t'l  rt  inv\liii'li    In  sprtnl  tt.r  ^^  ait T       llis  iH«..rn>ii   hm,. 


I 


ff 


i- 


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ill 


i  r 


I 


!' 


i92 


ALL  ROUND  THR  WORLD. 


Dm  till'  lOtli  "!'  ./iiiii',  a  rijii.l  riirr.iit  scparati'il  tlic 
Imiit  ill  wlii.li  I  was  tVnin  tin-  n'lii  liiiacr  iif  the  rx|>i'- 
tlitiiiii  ;    allrr  liaviii;;  ii.i\  Ilm!.  •!  (Ii-  ic:ists  of  an  islainl. 


|ii'ii|ilc-  iiaiii'i.'tl  skills,  zi))i')iiii),  iiiartiiH,  ami  lii'ar>t,  for 
"iiir  111  iiiulai  liir.H.  'I'lirsi-  (loliliaiis  an-  tlit;  must 
wisIitIv  '>1'  (111'    tril.-H   •liv.'lliiiL,'    at    tin-   iiiuiilli   cif  tin; 


at  l.'iist  litlv  vi'fsts  ill   lfin;t!i.  •luiiiiij  tin-  |)rcvalfiirc  iil"    river  ;    nrxt   conn'  tin-  Maiitiiiiiilsiaii^.    wlin  ci,-iii|iv  all 

a   lii'a>  V  sl.inii.   I   \va.-<*r<'<iuc'f<l    tn  -t-rk  lii)S|iitalily  at  a  ;  thi-    inttrva!    lirtufi'ii   (In- U^il'liaii-   ami  xhi-  \ |>!,' of 

villa'^i-  of  (i.il.liaii-.  A  (>■*■  |'i<->ciit.i  i  iisiii-.kI  me  a  ^  tin-  I'liast.  Tin'  latt<-r,  iln- (lilyaks.  limit  « ihl  liii>ls, 
kiii'llv  ri'.'i-|i!i"ii.  iiml  win-  tin  j-rcriirsnis  of  ii  vi-ry  rs|i,iially  lirais,  "^xliicli  Ilii\  k>'i-|i  aini  lattrii  in  ra.i,'i'H, 
aiiiiii.iti'il  tMiiiiiifn-u  licHvii'ii  tlifiii  iiliil  us.      Tlii'st'gninl    as  lixs  iii-i'ii  slati'il  liy  picv  io'is  tra\.  llii-s.' 


illic  ivirril  Iiv  till'  riiiiK'**  ill  tlif  auttiiim  In-fori' 111' I'lHiipIi'li'iI  liU 

WMfk-i,  ■iJiiI  :l  \n  i\  '*f  M.|ll!i-il'iri:»;l  Ini-ilis  «M<»  Hi'll?  I  »  lii^l'lilL'l'  U  111. 
TlK')    Ai'ft'  U  ltlltT<>.|.t  fll'MT^Il  111  ^v«'<  •  |i  lliul   'lll'l    IlIH     r«ll,..Wi'fs    ll^til 

till'  \mi  Kir,  lir  lii.  ;irnn-«  ii.ul  alr<M.ly  iii.uli'  iii  iii\|iii<!.i  m  .m 
till-  inMnlii  •f  111.'  ('.'ii'-tiili,  iml  Uii'V  l>iii\.il  lik.'  rum,  liiirkiiiu' 
.it  tlie  lion  lit  liiy,  iia'  t  ikiii,;  •ii.'.iil  i-;iri'  i.i  kii'|i  nut  nl  llii'  rwu'li 
"I'  lii«  twill.  XVri.'u  til.'  wint'T  »-t  ill  lii-  w .»  l..ll  in  inii.-i',  mil 
hi.1 1'tiiMu'i's  n'tip.'-l  1.1 1'u'T  onr'K'Mi.'itU  t-i  lir.*'>l  ttv-r  ihrir  iIh 
ii|i)*.  lint  111. >'it.  .Xt'ti'r  th-ir  .ii'^tirtiifi  \  Kii.ilwir.'tr  n.-t  iil^ml  tiiiinli- 
iiU  liit  w  .ri«<,  1  1.1  .ii.l  .-i-.'ntliin.'  Ii-  ••."li  I  <<i  I'.'n  ii'r  lii<  (ni-iti  mi 
imiiri'jiialil.',  ;»!•  iu»  w  »*  \\-\i  ov  in-  rh  it  a  lar^'.'  army  \*tiil'l  r-'liiiii 
ill    tilt'    -.i.Tiii,:       Atit'a-r    .ii'fi.- iliy    lM'*-t    lian.   lar    in  irr   f.>    U- 

■  Irilllitl  lil:lll  I'll  II.-4.'  ««1  lioiN.    11  1   tll«t  W.IS  till-  will!      I'    «ll|l|l!ii'>. 

Ki«li  w.t<  atiii'i'liiit  ill  t  ).'  \;fi  i-ir,  aii'l  ;j:>ii*i' ■•  "il'l  I**'  ulit  iiii.  .|  in 
lilt'  ni'iiintaiiis  hat  lii*  rcjain-*-!  iii->ri'  iii.m  tli.'*^'  t*i  I'n.iKI.'  tii.ii  in 
M'aiiil  a  lii'ifi.  aihl  i-trii  f.r  iin-i.l  i-miLI  mily  Iv  pr  K'liriil  fni  'i  lli.' 
I'cK..  Ii'ialiiniir  li.t  i  n'.  r.'  1  ill"  t  iiiiiiiiy  ..|i.  a.i.-<  to  |Krai.l  tin-  i.i 
cliiiiil  him,  ami   li*  m -a    i.rf  ralyt";.">  .iliiT-vi'r  In  !<■  I.     Hfl'.ri' 

III.'  "  llrav.'.»  '  vv.-ri' .'4*  I'lIi^iUi't  i*i  t'l  ir  »*au^t'r  -liiarli':*,  th »ij- 

iiiiihitT  i>(*  tilt' t'-rf,  iviili  I  *ir.t.,;  jtirfy,  aM-i'iLlt.*!  tii.'  Oii^min', 
all  1  iMH.v!il  *.'Vi'-iI  .('  tlii'ir  t'l*  M.  Til*  w  14  ii-r  iin  ti('«l  v.>v  ii;i' 
ii|i  Mil'  liviT.  I"ir  u.  hi  I  KPi'viiiKiy  a- •••i'il>''l  tir  !>•■»  i.l  tli>'  .V.ir.., 
an. I  ktii'W  all  th'ii  pwlii  >n*.  Ilaviii;;  ri'.ii'li.'l  a  ili'iiM,  tin'  Imuu 
Him'.' <  I  111  ill,  anil  'i '  iiii'l-  in  ilt.vk  "n  ttii'  iiliri-  *i  •il'tili'il  ninl 
<li'<|>.'r.iti'  th.il  'h..  \|  inii  iifi  iii<  '«iTi'  tali'"i  liy  «ir|iri»i:  iiul  ilrivi-ii 
o'lt.  Willi  I  r-.v  .r  1114  jti  •kt'.l  iiif'i.  In'  (»i.}il  ill  .'In'rli  a  .*lr.iii4 
li  ..ly  iil'l'llilli'-'  .  .1  I  .'r*.  vliii.'  .>t  i.-r^  li  ■l|i-.|  tlL-liH-lii-*  ti  wlr  it 
tary  tvintul.  W  i.'ii  'In*  >v  i.  .%<  m  ii;>l.«'i..i  h.'  n  tnati'l,  upr  iii^ 
into  till-  biiu!4,  1.1. 1  pi**-'!  .Hit  iiii.i  til'  r:iiT  mi'ii'ii  III"  »l  u'  iti-it 
1. 144.  It  win  II  it  »i  '••Itli  Iii4  .tppt  i<-.it<,  f.ir  rvt'rv  sli  It  tli.it  liil 
hi'-n  litvl  111  I  ii..,.ii  Ml  il,  I'll  III.'  nrt.'.  .1"  Klialia-iiir«  f.i»vii'k 
liii'itiT*  hi^aiii-'  !hi'  tirmr  "f  tliJ  i«li  >l''  <'hiii.-4i.  amy.  ,\-. 'In' 
p,ir'y  il -^I'l'n.lt' I  til- r  v.-r.  It    .%.i<  4  >»a  nSiiii:*  ili  it   in  alarm  lia'l 

I n    -pri'iil.    nil  that    tli -v  w  la  t|    un' li  ra'i    tin'   ;riiliill<'l    i' 

|il44iii,j  t 'If  t.i.vii*  waiTf*  VI  mil*  I'lri.i'i  tr  "ip4  w.'r.»  4t  iiirtii...!.     ili 
ilravvini:   n.-ir  tin' Iir4',  tit,,   'ii  ii  iiii  l<*'   *iva    liin- "t"  ti.i.it4  lill.-.l 
witii   III. .11   ptiHliin.;   ."It    iiit  I  tin' rii»T  t  i  ni^  liiiii  .ill'.      \  ntrm* 
ciirniii  ,iii.|  aliri'it'  »•  *  in  In*  fivi'ir:  t'liy  i-arrii'l  lii  «  npiilly 
il  iwii.  an. I  ill' .ir-l.Ttil  Ir^  ai  ii   ii  it  I  i  tl-^'  till  tlii'y  w.Ti'  lU'iir  ihi' 
I'lii'aiy,   thi'U  til  4^^f.^•^l  tlif   t«.iM.»r.-.f    l«>i*«,   ami  tin'  I'lirn'iil 
wiiiil'l  taki'  till'  11  pi4t  In  till*  iM'ii'iiM  .11.      II'<  plan  na*  i>iii'.i-^>tiil, 
uii  I  his  IniiI4  I'll!  tlir  laiih  tli.-  liii"  --li  i'  lli  •  tiiin'  Iii4  iii.-n  ilil  n.il 
I'Hi'ip"    111144' It ht'il,    4».vral    lii'i'nf    w  •  111  It-I  ;    winil    inj    fiirri'iit, 
li.iiVi'VtT,  4IH1  I'lrriiil  tlii'ii    nit  uf  tliiiifff  tr  .in  rhiii.-4i'  iiii**il.'4, 
wliili' ttic  r.i4->.ii*k   rti1i'4   4>k.i>-liiv  rliiH'ki' 1  my  lilting   ^tiirils   llii' 
appr  lai'li.il  t.i.i    m-ar.       Tli  ■    "'hiT    tiiii*    h-it    |ia4«..|    in    tli.' 
ni'.'iil,    iia.l,    in    liitli-    ii  irv    (lull    a    '    vk.  Kliiliir.iir  lint    pr.i-  I 
vi^i'iiii'il    I(i4    ^irri4<in    .1    llii»    t'^jn'iiM'    mI*    hi*    «'ii.'iiii.-«.      Sn.-li 
»  !•  till'   ilariii;  .if  thi4    mm,    tli.il    li^ftni'    i»iii.iii,»   tin'  [H.<ipli' 
H"a4  liki'  llijit  .it'  .Vt'Uin  aai'iti^  ai*  wjiil  in       Thi'   t'.i4*.ii'k4   nl'  tlii»  '' 
Vi'iT'iaii  11  iv*'  'II  itiy  tr.iili'i  in4   r.inrtTai  i;f   liiiii,   ainl    hi*    iiaiiii'  i^ 
rvir  a-«.iii  all- 1   \  i'li  hi»l  iry.      Kh  I'ur  nT  a'l.l   lr4  liiiiiil   h.  rn    nil 
i. Ill' il  trill.' III!'  vvuit'p.  .111.1  i4  larji-  iMm.'   w.-n-  aliiiii.laiit    in  tin' 
Kli'xik  ti'hi  r  Kli  'Ti'iii.,  lli«-r.|i  wit*  ti-i  lu'k  nf  provi^i  >n4       Mr  h.nl 
,i|4  1  »..  "rr  I  4.MII1'  r'111,'114..  ill  Iii4  ikTv  .»••',   wli»  vi4it4-.|  till*    M  .at. 
<'iiil4'  i.i«n4,   anil  intinn-ii  li  ai  •>(   tin'   pn-p ir it i  lan    lliiit  h.ti'  j 
l»'iiii{  in.nli' I'ora  >i.  .'1'       \  va4t  itniMiiirnt    wu   r  iiii.iiir  fi.  Hxail 
ilh'm.  iinlir  t'l.' .M  nniii'l   if  iw  i  'll-iiiiirnKliiil  Miiilrhari  in  nlK-  I 
i'i'r4,  u  h.i  |i|.|  )ip.:riit4i.4l  II  kill  "1  r4p*iiri' »-vi-ry  tna-i  ;  -n  vi'rtlii'li-4*,  j 
n  I  .III.' apik  ar.'il  ulir  111- 1.      AH  !  ul  •■ml!  i.-ii.  ••  in  t  i,'i,' |imi|.  r,  iiml  ' 
I'.ilinly  awaitiiil  flit*  •'\.'tit  witii.ir  rv.'ii  «liM'<inliaain.»  tln'ir  hunt 
ill;,' e»riir»i"iiiJ.      At  l.ii.'th  III.' win'.f  pi«44-l,  ;iiii^«jiriinr  n'tnrni' i,  | 
M  li.-ii  tliii  4pi.  ft  anTi'.iiM.-isI   till'   ni'ivi-iTii'iit    .if  tin'  I'liliu^^e  trfiiH, 
ami  lastly     '•.,    .\pril,   a    t'riMt    l»«ly     if  men    t.-k    up  >    )iiiiiili.in 
Ih'f'ipi'   till'    f.irl.        tti'liii**    !t'^t(i^,li4«    iMiniiii'V' .^l,    tin*    ircni'nil 
•  11  iiii|.i'ii.t|  tin'  ^Mrrivin  to  •iirn  ii.l»r,  »ii'i  j.Miniw!  that  .ill  tin 
111. '11    HI  1  iM    lh>    •xMiinl    til  tin'  frmiirr,  full   tln-ir  iiaiiiiiuiiilir 
thrv   ili'ai.iiiiliil  a4  a  pr  *iiii*r.       Ilii*  uiM   nM4Wi'nit  isilli   a   4li.*iit 
of  .Iftiaiii-r,  an  I  uii  i'.ital.n   to  roim-  4inl  titk<'   'hih.      i  Ii<*  U" 
•ii';:rr4  (-"innirrrrtl  tl.r  ..IIII.' II-..  liai'i-r'i-«.  hir  **r»    ., -t    |H'riiii*tiNl 
l.i  iKT  .iiip  •li  tliK  111  .pint.      Kitali«r>i{   .{irianl  .'11  tlniu  »  ili  '  <• 


I'l'iv  Kiaall  1,'ini-i,  wliilr  tin  ('iiii4ark4  pirk.il  ..IV  tlu'  nun  willi  tln'ir 
i*il!r4    \\  lii'iii.\iT    lli.y    I'niiiil    ,..'i't    witliiii    Ian-.;.-,    ami    iii.iii\    h-ll, 

llitll    lidli'     I'.iH     |.i    tin-     ^iirriAiill.        .\ittli.ll„'li     r.-i  ir.lril     in    thrii- 

n]K-i-ati'iii4.  ihi'  1..14  III'  ini'ii  wai  nf  litfli'  aniiiii-iil  In  lln.  ( 'hi- 
iirtii'  I'.iiniiLiiiili'r'i,  anil  li^  tin'  aiil  nl'  llii*  iiiiiiilN'r*  iit  tlirir 
iliii)Hii.al,  llii'  uiirk*  ;iitviiiiriil  rapiilly.  It  vnm  iint  many  ilavH 
Ik  I'nr.'  liny  ii'pliiil  to  lln'  IIiis^I.iii  (:iin4  with  llvi'  lini. «  llnir 
iiniiii..-r.  llail  liny  Ui'ii  an  wi'll  nrvril  uiiil  iminliil,  thu 
iitl'air  w.iilil  s.inii  have  Ihi'Ii  I'liili'il.  \n  it  wan,  riit'li  ilay 
riiMn'il  Klialiainiriil' .  Ill"  nr  Iw.i  of  liin  nn-ii,  » li  li- tlii.  I...4  .  f  ihv 
rlii'liiy  »ari  i-..iiHii!ii'al.Ii-.  Thl-.i.  mi-i-Lii  liail  p  i-hihI.  lln.  li.iml>.iril- 
iin-lit  flill  riililinilt-ii,  aliil  1  i-iii'..ii'i'lil' lit.n  «i-rr  riili..tiitilly  :tM-iviii;; 
111  till'  ('liiiii".i.  niiiip^  hill  lli.iit;;li  till'  t'tiHHarkH  nimli'  M'vi-r.il 
4..itli.4,  iiillirliii^  tri'iil  liw»*ri  i.ti  tl.rir  I'l  riiiii'*.  ii.i  cri'nt  mii-intaci' 
H1I4  ^lilii'il.  KlialiaP  If  iM'i' inn'  tiuiiri'  th.il  uilh  hin  limiU'il 
ri'v.iirti'H  it  «n4  im|Nii--iliIi-  1.1  ilrivi-  iiuay  hi-*  iiiinirrnuii  :i4..aitaiiti«, 
ll.-<t.li'^  \i  hii-ll.  ht4  1111)11. .|iiit:. Ill  wan  Kn  riiliirril,  lliat  hi' r.nilil  11. 1 
l..i.u'iT  n>i.  hi".  ;.'.Mi«,  -.111.1  llii.  riii-iiiir«  wiTi'  only  kipi  at  hiy  hy  Inn 
rilli-4.  jMIi  r  slati'liii^'  thin  niiiipinl  >irj;>>  tnr  a  111. -nt  h,  ainl  li-.trniiih; 
frnlll  liif  lipi'S  th.it  .1  th-i't  .1'  h.iiit4  \i;i4  apppiai  hiiii:,  111*  ih  i-ati'il 
liiri'irrat.  Ili  Ii-r.'.  Iiowi'ii'i-,  iilMnilniiiii;;  [.in  iHwitimi,  h.-  ih-ti-r- 
laiiii'il  to  ifiii'  llii'in  i.ni'  mnri*  IrHnoii  an  a  ri'iiifnilir.iiiii'.  Ili*  pr.i. 
|»i-ril  111  linrii  till'  Chiin-ii'  -amp,  if  half  a  il.i/.ii  nf  hi«  t'  -"•ai'ki 
ivniil.l  iri-nmpany  liim.  Tliia  i';ill  wan  iii-lmily  n  x|ini.ih'ii  to  oy 
all:  hut  till'  linn  ronpl.-il  it  i^ilh  a  r..iiiliti..ii  111  it  ilii''rr..miii.tiiili-r 

nliiillM  lint  Im-  |N'|-||iilli-il  In  jnlllill  t  In'  .  \pi  lilt  ii'll  ;  iltni  K.-i-a;:iT 
lll'fl'    llil-y   tn  ^. .    nil     thin    lllIlL'i'rnll"  rrr.iinl,    tiiat     ll.l'    Inrt    W..l|l.| 

h.iii.  Imi-ii  itiHi-rti-il.  Khalkirnll'  ^i  I.  rtnl  •ix  iiii'ii  ami  iini*  nt'  hin 
iitliriT^.  aiiil  a  IlliTh  ir.  vi  w  .s  .iiilt'r.il  tn  r..vv  tlii'tii  to  a  laiiiir  in 
till'  r..rk<,  all.. Ill  h.ilf  a-niilr  .  If.  hy  11  liirli  tl.ry  rniilil  appmnh  tin- 
ii':ir  nt  till'  riirniy'n  I'liiiip.  Afti'i'  ^fivii.i;  tlirm  liiiir  l.i  r.  arli 
i^itliiii  11  nhnrt  .hntani'i' n(  tin' tt'iitn,  lir  iii'ili-rtnl  llir  i;iiii4  In  ii|m'|i 
nil  till*  ('hiin-n<.  fnrt 4,  ami  |i«.rM)nally  Ii-il  a  Mirliriiiln  tin*  riirmy'ti 
liiii'.  whii-li  ipiii'kly  tlirrn  till'  whnir  army  into  rnitii-i-in.  'I'liK 
•I'l'iiriil  till'  !»ii.i'.-s4  ..f  tin-  rK|-iIil  inn,  ami  \i'ry  vn.ii  tin-  l>iif>\\i<r..' 
•I'l-n  ill  ll  iiiii'H  .it  m-M-ral  illh-iriii  |".int».  'lln'  mhIiIi  ii  alia.  i.  anil 
r'iiitl.ii;rali..ii  nn  h-Hililrn  il  thr  l'liim>i'  that  li.r  litili'  parly 
li-tpiatiil  1.1  till'  Imiil  iinninli-li'il,  ami  narlnil  tin'  fort  in  kulily, 
tlioii;:li  noinr  nf  till'  iilln-r  iin-ii  wi-ri'  w..n  il.il  in  tin-  Mirlii'.  The 
i-iinp  rtiiitiniii-il  hiirnii.^  f.r  M.im.  linii'  U  I- rr  it  rniiM  U- i-\liii- 
If  iinlii-\l,  ami  in  thr  iii..rniii;;  Kli.ihirnll  ha.l  tin'  lialwtari  i.ai  of 
•ii'ltiu'  it  liall  ili-~'iinii|.  At  an  lurly  li-.m,  tin-  li.nil»  •«!■ 
Inaili'.l  Hith  lln.  i.'in:.iiiiii;:  Ntori  n,  iiinl  niily  a  fi'»  mnitri''  3 
riniaiii.il  at  lli.ir  |n«l«:  « In  n  all  wa*  rr  i  ly  IIu'm'  wnn'  with 
■  Ir.iwn,  ami  th  ■  im-n  im  nt  i|..«ii  tin'  i'lilt'«  In  ih.-  Im.it.  llnir 
I'nnitii.iiiiliT  i-i-maiin-il  in  tin-  f  .i-l,  ami  nn^  tin-  'ant  to  tlrni-, m!, 
Ihr  rtly  III'  nti'p|n-tl  on  Imnl  till'  oirx  wi'rr  vip.r-ai'l;  iim-il,  ami 
ilii'V  wi'Pi' nunii  out  of  rrai-li  ..f  lln'ir  ''iinnii'n.  Tin' t'liiin'^i',  iti 
li|4t,  ilimsiviri'il  ti.iil  till'  Inrt  u.i4  ih'urti'il,  hut  Klinlninlf  ami  hi* 
ii>ni|iaiiioii*  hiiil  t'liiiliil  liii'ir  v  ^Mlami-.  mil  1 44-api'il  to  .\lliiioiii, 
Allrr  liin  titri'al.  tin'  I'liiiny  ili-iii..li»l.ril  thr  I.  rl.  ami  th.-  (  hiiniHi 
h  ivi'  n-maiinil  i'l  'imli-iiirli -il  pi  41  ..i.  .n  f..r  mmi-  I  Inn  'Jim  yi-arn  j 
Ixit  -liinii^  liiin  i-.tij  pi-n-nl  ih.'  ilarini;  iii'ti  of  thin  r<»iia.irk  h-.tili-r 
;,  iM-  mil  Im-n  Inr;:  tli-n,  lor  (raililinii  liiit  liaiiilml  iIomii  liin  iwiiia 
t.i  till"  prrx'iit  riui'. 

1  A  fi  «•  yrarn  «g"  llH'|»iipli'  in  tli-n  nrii;lili.airho<Hl  iiiminiltinl 
a  inont  air  N'inn.*  ni't.  T-m  ('.tllmln.  mi^nmiurn  n,  III*  la  Itriimi-ni 
mill  ViTiiill,  iiOirn  n-niih-mi-  nf  •.nnpyiam  in  ililh  r.  nl  parin  of 
I'limi.  hail  l-niiil  lln-ir  way  into  Maiitrliiuia.      I  hi-y  \i>itiil  many 

..f  till"  tii«n4  in  'hi-  p  .rli f  tin-  l'ilr«iial  I'jnpoi-.  ami  1  n-riimnl 

thi'ir  v'ncalinii  wln<ri.\i'i  tln-ri-  wan  all  iip)Mirliiiiit  v  "f  iiiiik.ii-,;  iini- 
v.it4.  It  in  mill  thiit  aiiiinu'  (In- n..|lh-rn  ,mi  tin-  iipjn'r  |«rl  of 
lln' <")nt«...iri' ill- »  Mi'n-  ».nii-<-l'il,  ami  n  iiiaiin- 1  « itii  tin  ir  pro- 
M-lytrn  nnnii*  t.i.i-.  Ki'-nii  tlii-  .Mantrlinria'i  imrihaiiln  liny  ai*. 
ipiiri'il  itif.iri  nriai  ah  nl  ihi'  ililli  n  nt  Iiihi.4  inlinliliiii;  tin-  haiii.* 
nf  lhi'.*>iniii  r,  anil  h'aminl  that  lln' 11  Imlr  p  piihiU  .11  ni-n  Sluimin. 
Iiili-nt  on  allai-kiiii.'  Shaniaiii»iii  in  im  nlr.ii.k-'inhl.  tln-y  ii.inli'  tln-ir 
wiiviinun  till' I lii.4..nitri',  iiii'l  '-\i"*i'ini-il  iln-ir  ralliiiif  nii  nil  lln' 
tounni'ii  tln'ir  r'liiti',  with  w  Inil  min'i'ia   I    r.iiiiint  ihi«,    ■■  iii'int  of 

•lu'  |HimIi'  -iri'   fll.i.H'l^  nf  I'.  niliirilH         I  In'V  ,   hn«i-l       ,  iirilVi-il  .ll 

iinenf  till!  tuMtu  0:1  till' lowi'r  (mrl  of  thi' riviT  ii    .nil:   loo  lulu 


UP  AND   DOWN   THK   AMOOB. 


!<!»3 


I.I  ll|H'M 

I  lliliu'l 

I'llU 

1  l.l«  WIT.' 

;|i  I.  uriil 

)Kir(y 

ill  >illitV, 

•n... 

l■^till• 

.1.  1  1  HI  III' 
;it..  •(.  • 
».'lit"i»?'  .' 
Hill. 
Ullil^ 
il.MTIll!. 
-"1.    .11X1 

iiiCM',  nl 
iliii  lii> 
Allaf  II. 
I   liillliul 

I  VI  Mr«  i 
k'l....l.T 
iH  iiuinti 

iiltiil 

Itniiiuru 


IMII- 

limn  iif 
pro. 

III!  V  HI'- 


IHHkl 


i  llii'ir 

lill   III- 

1.1  .>« 

.1  .It 

Ulu 


Tlio    ;i.M|i('ct    of  llic    iiiiiiitrv   I  liimj{i\s   i-<iiii|ili'h'!v   ,it  |  'I'ln'   MiiiiyiiiiNiiiin,   w!m  ii\vi-ll   ii|icim   its  liiilik.s,  :iri', 

Oii|iM  ."^iiiiit   Kirilr.       Miiiiiiliiiii.>  rliiil  willi  i|ii|..i'   « |.  liki-  tin'  ti'ililn'iiv  lii-ifinlniits  nt' lln' Tiiii;.'iisi'.^.      'I'liry 

risi'   ti|i   siiiMiiily  ;    tln'    miIIi'v^    tlmt   i|i  miihI    in   i ',  .l.i  nut  sv«iii- lliiir  linir  I'ki' lliriii.  Init  lir  iliiirs  up  in  a 

r\\rv  lifiiiiiii-  niiiii'  (iinl  innic  nan-iw  ;  ai;i|,  llu.illv,  lln  i.ul.      .\h  to  llnir  ilri-.t.t  iiinl    Iniiiics,    lliry    invrr   ex  i 

ii;ivi^it'iir  liml-i  hiiiiM-lf  lii'lvvmi  Imir  ilmjiis   oj'  uiniiii  .iriilly  mlniilril  niiiiiy  "f  llii-  riiMmiis  nC  tin'  Miiiililiiis. 

t.Hli-*.  wliii'll  liiii'  till'  two  siJi  s  III'  till'  iiiniint.'iin.  riiliiiv\  Tln'ir  rlntlics  ;iic  iiimli'  ul'  I  'hiiicM'  si  nil's,    Imt  liny  iiir 

111',;  ;i  ilirii  li'iil  |>irallil  llio  mir  li.  tin' mlicr.      '11. i-  inn.!  wiijiT;    iiinl  .s.inir  ul    lliiiii  slill  \vi;ir  u'liniiriil.s  iiiiuli'  of 

(liHi.iiil     nil?    tin-    lut'lii'.sl,     iiiiil    :i|i|ii;ir     to     lir     |iil:ilh  I  li/  ^kiiis  (.f  ii.li,    iii:iiiiiy  ilillvnl  liutii  (iilliiriil  .■.|iirii'> 

il.'|i|  ivi'.l  lit'  w I.  .i' viiliii.iii.      Tlii'si'  ij:ii  iin'lits  Willi'  Will,  ;iiii|  l;i-l  ii  \ii\ 

.Ml    iliis  lii;li  iniiiilry    U    |iiiMili;iily  iiiiiiirk.il.il'    i'nr  1.  in;  !iiii<'.      Tin  •■(•  tiii'i'^  uir   Hiil   ii  lilli\ii|ilLi'^i--ls.  iiinl 

till'  |i|Mili^'i.iiit  i|M:ililily  I't  ;,'lr.il  iiinl  lilll.'  liv.-i-s,  silmli  liM'  M.liiy  nn  li-li       Tin  y  i:ill  llir  .VnnnT.  tl.i'  Mainlia. 

ili'sri'iiil  t'riiiii  till'  siii'i'iii|iiiliiii{  liiinlils,  :in,|   ,j,,   (,,  .-\\.||  (  iii  ilii.  '.'iili  .il'.lnMi'  hi-  H'miIu'iI   Miiiiilisk,  innrlln' 

till'    nvi'l'    nil    li'illi    oiili's.       .\llliiiili;li     ill.'    Iii'il  I.I    tin'  l.ak.      Ki-i.    w'ni.li    r.'lnliiilliii'iili'i    willi    llir    .\  liii.nl-  l.y 

kiltiT  1-    iMiirli    iiiirinwi'il,    it    iii'Vi'riliili-'.s    r.mi.iln-  n  i  wn  l.ui^i' .  iniMN.      It  is  rx  nlini  lli:il  this  inlriiul  Imsiii, 

j»ii'al   i|iiMiilily  111' isliiii.l vi'iTij  willi  -iiinliliii  V.    Tli.'  hiiri'i'niiil.il  liv  waiii-,  i-  lill.il  al  tin' liiinut' iniliiilahnii, 

viilli'V.s  wliirli  ciiiiii'  ilnw  II  I.I  11 .-  Links,  all  liiini,;li  liniiliil  iilni  J{i\<'-  Link  i.i  I  In'  iIm  i   in  I  in'  iliy  .-rn.-nli  llir  r.\i  is- 

ill  .•\l"iit,  I'liiilain  sDiiii' I'xrilli'nl  |ii^inii'  lainl.  i.l'   walii   wliirli    il    lias    iii'iivnl.      Ijiki-    K  i'-i  is  iil.unl 

.\ll  tills  ii'ijiiiii  is  Itii.inliil    liy  trilii's   .it'    .M  1111,'iinfc-  li'i'lv  vir^ls    in    |ii,i.'lli  ;   il    vaiiis  in  wi.ltli  iitnl   (|i'|.lli 

sians,  \vliii-i'  villai.'«'s   ai'.'  sin. ill    Imt    niinn'r.nK.      Tlii'sr  ai mi-iliii;,' In  llir  .sim-hIi  ;  l.nl  .il  i  lii^  |.i  riml  iil'nnr  |i.is>in'j 

|ii'ii|i|r  11  ■■■••111 Mr  till'  <  i.iliiian-  in  tlifir  inamn  r  ..!'  liviiij;  it  l.ulli  «.ir  rnnsiiji  r.ilili'.     It  i-  "nl\  ^'jiaiali  il  liinn  tin' 

niiii  .'liilliiii',;  tlirinsi'l\i'^.       'I'ln  v  iliiivr    tlirif    rliii  I'   M'-  I'.aV     nl'   ('asliiis,    in    tin'     (lllU    I't    'I'allal'y,    liy    II    in* 

.siiiiiirs  I'liini  till'    .\iniiiii,  wliii  11,  Its    it  ii|i|iriiirlii.>   ilic  istlinnis  al.nnt  lil'tirii  vrrsls  in  v\iillli.       It-.  Imiiks   iii"' 

iii'i'an,   lii'i'oiin's   liilnr    ami   ri.lni-    in    iliil'ii'int    kiinls  Irninliil  l.\    .Maii.'iintBians.   wlmaii'    mainly   nn  ii|iiril 

lii.lli  111' si-a  Mini  I'ivi'i'  tisli.      I    iiiMi-   saw  so  inaiiv  Ml  all  «  illi  li..|iiii'.'.  Iiniil  Hi'_',  mil    (iini'iiiii'.'  tills.      Tin'   sal.li- 

inv  lill'.       Till'  salnii'li,  trniil,  ami  r.ir|i    iiiiil|i  mil  ..till.'  Hra>ils  (. !/>/../. 'A/  /fiV„//,'/,,i  i  al.niiml  In  lln'  llii.k   \m....U 

», til  r  nil  all   .-lili's   ill    till'    iniiUt   nl'   m>.\in:;    lianks  nt'  tli.it    snir.iniiii    tlir    l.ik<' ;    Inil    tlirir   Ini    i"    n..!    "I    .' 

stllf^^iiilis  uml  nllliT  lisjl   wlllrll    invili'l    tli.-    snil.i.ri.l'      -ll|iilii.l    i|ll.lily. 

till'  Wiili-rs,  )iiiii|i|rini;   liy  ilii'ir    nninli.  I's   a    nni-c    llial 

NViis   iMTl'rrlly    lii'«  ilili'iiny.      Tin-    .Xi.iikh-    h.-iihIpIc  s  .i 

i;vral  aililirlal  li.^li  |ivi'mivi'. 


r..\..n.|  Maiin.sk,  linlli  l.anks  nl  tin'  .\ni...r  an 
ii.M  II  .1  ttilli  iniiiirmns  Hull-  linl>  nl  llir  ( lil\ak',  wlm 
li.iM'  l.i.n  li  >  inllni  in  III  \>\  tin-  .Manlrlni.-  llianl'!i' 
llil.i-nl  lill-  liil.rini-.  '1  II  \  .111  aililirliil  In  lln-  nnli 
ami  iinriilll\al.  il  |irarliri'nl  s  li  iniaiiiMii.  Tin  rn>liini 
nt'  ITM  n^luu'  lilniiil  i~  ii|i|  I'M  .iiiinii;;  llii'in,  ami  I'lnali' 
liiliili  lily  i--  inini-lii'il  Willi  ikaili 

Nial  nin  n|  tlii'ii'  villai,'!'-,  wliiili  al.'  ili>'i  Inin.ili  il 
ill  till'  liiiiKl  nt'  till'  WiHiils,  Miiiii'  li.nniiiiii'iits  all'  lin  t 
ulili  wliii'li  liil.int:  In  III.  itliil'  |ii'ii|.li'.  anil  ulii.li 
|iri'\iiins  IraM-lli'is  lia\i'  iniiili  >|inki'ii  almiil.  Tiny 
iii'i'  itnali'il  nn  till'  siiminll  nl  a  lar^r  im  k  uliirli 
Ml     ill.'    imi    ilia   111  .nllalnl       Tlii'   lilst    nl' 


l.<  |ii'.M'i'i'il  liirtliir,  lli.ri  I'liri',  In'ri-  limy  ii|"'nl  tin'  wiiiliT.  In  II  r 
(  .lliiwiiitf  ■«l.riiiH.  Mlii'ii  till'  ii'i'  In- lill'  11)1,  till  V  |ii'i'|iiirril  to  imi- 
liiiiu' llii'ii  jiiiiriii'V,  iiml  irriiiiui'il  will;  «..iiii'  V.^itilni  MuTrliaiil'- 
llir  :.  |i.i>sii|;i'  in  liirir  ImiU  a<  I'.ir  ii<  I  hi'  '.  ill.i;,'i's  nl  lli  •  I  i..|.|i 
AOiT  11  viijin:.'  .'I'  •s'Viril  iliijs  llii'V  II. III. Ill  till' IriU',  m  Im  r.' 
oriviil  llii'ai  li.ii|  i'iilil\  ;   anil    >i<  I'.'  Ili>' u'ni'l' s  Irll   lliiin.      l')!  In 

Ilii4  I'l'i'i'sl  all   i»  ri'i'liiiiily  :  lnU    >\illi  ri';^  nil   In  tlnir  -il.'-i' .' 

pris-.'.  iliiiu'"  'I'is  iH  li\  11. 1  nil' in*  ili..  i'.i»f.      I  tii'  Unlili    inltinl  thai 

l!ll"»ll  ni/.is    viilill'.l  tin'MI    ni    |S|I»,    il'iil    li'Dillill"!    r.tr  II  i-nll'^illi-l-- 

(lili'  |ii'ii.Hl,  Iriu'lliiii;  I'l'.iu  I'lii'  vill.i;;i.  In  ;,i,iillii'r,  .li>|.iilin„'  » itii  aiK.m 

lill  ir  ■'•li;iiii,iiiH,  ami  asmiiiii.'  llii'ai  ili  il  tin'  (i.i.|  «li..in  llnir  |.ni  «1  llir-i     innliniin  nt '•,    ri.i  I.    1  mi    I  In    Imlilii  -  nj'  I  In'  I'mk, 

.•alliil  I111..11  ill  lii»  Willi;  I. "lill  ii.alii.  r  l.i'iir   inn  iiii,w.  r  lii.  ;.ni.vi'r,  j,  ,,„|^   ,,  |,,,j.  ^,,,,1,    |,j,^|,         |,    j,  ,  ,,||,|„.-,  ,|  nt   a  L,'rHlilli' 

iitiil   liial    111'  liiiil  nil  ii.irti'1    III  ill  llii'iii  :ii-.il 'ir  i'mI,       1 1  r  iiiin.  ".     i  i                           i             i         i       .    .    ,      ,11 

lill       .  I    1,1    ,    .1    ...    I          ,1,1  iiiisr.    '-niinniinlril  l.\    in  iiii',;iilai   ml.,   nl     'Lw   mailili' 

sintiiiri. -,  ii  iippr  ii'i  it,  Il  III  iil»'i  h?  ilnl  iliat    I lii'ir  I iiiil  crciiiiil  till'  i    i        '     i                    ■         'I'l                 '    ' 

t.orlil.   Iliiil    rtiiliul   liiiii  ii.il  iiiily  till'  «iri   «..ulil  mil  %'nim',  liiil  sli;.'|ill'.    Iniimli'il    al     lln'    Mill t.        Ilnli'    iilv    insi'l'i|i 

tint   It    v.iiiilil    111'   I'lHKt.iiit    iviiiti'i     nnl     liiikm.s,       AUn   tlmt  tlmis    nn    llil^     iiinniiliiiiit     wlinli     tin-     aliliiinamll  111 

.siiailaii    tia.l   Is.  II  ili.iii.  I   .l.ip    ill   Ili"    ••  nil,  wlii'11.1' 111' I'.iiiM  .\ii\;ik  niii  i'\|ikilln  i|  as   Inllnw-'     'TlnH'    w  iis  !i.i  iiii'l  Iv 

1,1  >irri',p|K  1.1,11.11  .'Ml.  a.  I .11  nl  111.' ."liiinini,       I'll,  ■..'  «.  iv  ,,  ,,,,„,,|,    ,|,.,|i,  ,„..,|  ,.i  Umlillia  ill     llil-    lil.'n.'."      (Hi  tin' 

nlarllaiL'    iixiiriini'S ,   lli.\   ..•liiiii-li.'.l   llii-   pinpl.',     Imt    ili.l  ii.'  ,            '      ..                        .            i        ■    n        ■                         .' 

..Mivin.'i  ili.ni     111..  Sliaiii.in  .iiiil  In,  ,..r.vn  liilil  I,.,  ,11 ^r  l,..U  ^■■■<--'-'     l';v.«"-    ^'.''"'     ''"'    '"I""",-     in-.'n,,ni.n     in 

.111  tli.'ir  iiiiii.U.     Mining'  l.iUiiii'.sl  I, ill  I,  l.iii   in  vnin,  n.,' i;.„hI  Cliiiir-i'.  '/s.ijiin  ..iii*v,  |.ii.l.iilily  w  nl  h  n  li\  an  nmiln 

t'lillii  rs  ri.nliiiiii'il  lli.ii'  jmn  n.-y,  iiiiil   at   liiiu'lli  ii'a.'li.il  lln'  M.ni  .iili  i|  I  iinil.  lin' in  rnl'ilili'.'tnl 'liini".rL'l  alnlii.it  Iriilrnlislnir 

«'"i">.  "I '  ''I'.v  iil»n  tiiiil  t.i  I'.itiM'ri.     riii'v    iriinlli'il  t'r.iii  i,,,,,  ,1  ..1i,mi1,|  ||.,\,.  In  ,  n  writtin  tliiis  :    Tim  iiiiiHi/  lnu/, 

),'"'r"',",''''!''"n "•'"'"-;  '•^,'' >;"•*'"""""'  ''•  ""■'■•  ;>i-l«-'l  '••:l;"'-'  ,1„„    i,  ,„  .,„,  ••  InM',l,itinn  ..n  till'  (•li.l'.t.'is  i.r  Ki.  mal 

till   lii'lii'l   "I    lln'p.npl,'   III    111.,   piwi'r  111   till-  .>>liiiiiiiiii,  » hull  «..  ,,           ,.            •     ,          i            i       ,     .i       i    ..             .i      ,^ 

,.|,ni,...l    111.'   i.n.M,  lliiit    tlnir  Vi-illiin    1« .iiliml.       I  Im  ' ''il''-'-         Uli  tin' nllii'l-nl..  I.' 1 1,.'  1.  Il,  w.i,  tin   Saliwil 

Mi.iiji.iiis  arc  .1   .pint,  iiinlliii.iv.'  liii. ,  iiml  I.l  n i/|\  Ik-  mi.  raiinnliil  |i|iiiim'   "m  .l/i/m  I'miiiii  i..n,wa^  iiis.'riln'il 

riiiiiMil  In  int..  nl'  \i.ili'iifi'.     N.i|..iili.iiiiiiliiii;  111!'  ilir.'iil-  nt  lill'  in    VliilMli.in    liitiis.       Nn   si'ii,.-!'    liii-    Ml    In.ii  in.nln 

jirii'stMiiiil  lill' l.ir  liny  iti-liri'il,  tlh'..' l,i';n,.   nun  ili,|  m.i  m.n  ,,,'    ,)„,  |j,,.,.,|  | ,  ;,|,,|;,|  nni  nlllii'  plilas.' '"•  0|i  !    ilialiinml 

III  nl.i.l  lli.'v  il.s'aiiil  il  iliilv  i  III.  \  wiTi'   Il  iiM'.rr,  l.itriil  In  liu.i'  v           i          "    .  .i            .i.:ii:    ,  •  ,.    i   »  i:i.   i.    ,.    Il..l.,i> 

,1      .■            •            ,                  ,1    '     I   1            •              11          ■            1.  Nrlllllllliir        i(  »li     nn>l  I  nlliiinl   tt.lt.'V  lllv  I     iiml  lii'inw, 

till'  .Miiiit'i'iii'' mill  ii'oiin.' tli.ir  IiIh  ii;-»  ill  iiii'.llirr  iliris'iiiiii.      I>r  .      ■                          .,       •               .              i    i   i         t           .'11 

la  |triiii>i'r.'amllii npain.Hi  inl.'riil  ili..  r..iii,li'Mi|' tin' liily  iL-.  ''I""    "'    '  Imi'-'.    Hiii  J«>i>.  s.l,.;il  s,t„.l„l,.w,.l.;    ;     '  1  li« 

ain.iiii;  wliiMii  Sliair.iiiii'ini  is  111.11'.' ili.'ply  M<i|.'.l  IImiii  ill  liny  ntli.r  i;ii   il    Tiiaii    islilnls    In,    liamis    nl    li.f.i'    cvcrx  w  Inn', 

ra.i'iii  Aula.     In   lint  llii'\  iir.'    Ijiiiilii'.  .if  tin' il.'.p.  .1  .a»l,  iiii.l  I 'nun  ii  '-irnlnl  liai'.illrl  llni'  tn  tlic  I.  It  is  .il.sii   itisi'lilii'il 

•'^'''".>'    I"'"''!'"'    -ri'i'ry.       Il.ri'    is    II,,'    .nl    nt'  tin'    Ar.li  ,,,„    |/„„,   /•„,/,„,•„,„  i„  rliiiii'vi'  iiinl  in  Ni..Miliali.      Tim 

.*>liiiiiuiii,   wli.ni'   nrii'.ls  il.li.l.'    lill'    pi'iaili'   liv    lliiir    pnli  inli-.!  .                  .,            i.        i                           .  .:              ,    ,1.     .. 

,        ,           ,            11                 1              ,1                   I             .         .        ,     I  lll-i'l  111   Inlis  nil    I   II'  111"  it    >li  I     W.'l'i-  ll'liilll  1.  ,s    nl    tllnsH 

.'iii'iuiiiliiii'iils  ami  |iiui;lii\,  .iiiil  n\i'r  Unir  iiiii.ils  I'M  rl  iiiiinniii'.!  I                   .             n            i                                i           •    i              i 

mv.iy.      Ni'.iTllnl."   till'    ni'-ii'iiiai'i.'s  «i'r I    iliiiniii.l  ,  Ui.'.  nn  ll."'  I''M        (  I  I.IM  Ilils  alwiiy  -  Inrml     llnit  ll«llt    Itllii 

cniiiiiii'iiii'il   llnir  lilsiiii-  Hitli   .'iiirny,  mill   .'XpLnl  lli.'   iinpnii'.  i.tl  iil'r  nlilv  rrlativi'    I.l  Mis  ;    in    tliis    ilisliim.'    w.«    till) 

Irn-ks  if  llii'liiuli  prii'-lsnt  .><liiiiiiiii.  «liiili  sii  I -nl  Hi' iiialijiiiiiil  nut   In!. 1    ill     what    ilii'i'il  inii    tin'    IfaMlli'i     st I,  nl'    ill 

l..,'li.i^..ifll,.' 1,11  tiT  111..!   11..'.  iM'.ir  ri'sl.il  till  th.vlul, mill I  ^^|,,,  ,|ii,'i'tii,n  tin' In  nllainl  ml',  an.a.l,^ 

llnir  lIlllH'i.   In    pill   llir    "Ir.ill.'i'r*   l.l  lli'illll.       I  In'  Inl.ilk-  aillnl  ,,                         ,                           .        ■.        ■      l      .          I'    .                  i    .'   ..., 

Ilial  tin'  ili'iK.liia ml  r  »a,  ,,'r,«'ll..l.'il  ah.uiii   ll.ur  li.U  -  ,i.  •  '"'  '"''"'"'  """'"'•  >l"""'"l  ■'•  ^'  "-'""  ■'  ■''   •""< 

lln-i'iligiiiiiii  nl'Sliaiiiiii.  |.  n  i  -  ll'.'lii  I  In'  lilst,  aiiil    nil    tin'    suuii'    llin  ,    IS    l.illii.'.l 


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ALL   ROUND  TIIK   WOHI.I). 


Iiy    n    I'oliiiiill     wliiili     ri'|M><."<    oil     Mil     iii-t:i'^(i|i;il     Iiiim'.  Tlirsi'  ;iliilii:il-i,  |his.i'v.,,i1   uf  iii.-mlililc  vii,"iiir  .iinl  m>Iii- 

Kivi>  |>:|<  IS  lii'yxinl    t|ii<    llni.'    is   ^iiio||,i'i'   Ijki'    it,    :in>l  iilv.  I.il  In  r  iK   I    nii  i  mm  ii|i>>it  I  lir  mmw,  ninl  iirc'inplisli 

l.islly,  iiiiii'iiT  mil'  li  liiiitr.  risi's  |.")ii  I'ltliniiis  nil' mi-'Mi     lillit-u  \.r-i,  in  tln'  limir.      Ilii ,  u  lirt  lillli'  .si.ni  nf 

nil  .•ilinipl  iMik    wiiicli   iiilvaiii'is  nitn    llio   liviT.      'I'l I'Viii  vri>l~  «  i^   i.^l   iiiiirli  ;   lull  us    I    <l>'|>i'ii<li''l  upon 

ItiissiaiiM    ui'i'c   iii'>{ii;iiiili'i|    witli   llii'si-    iiioiniiiii'iitH  mm  I  In-  -miiiic  aiiiiii  i's  to  iMiilih't    iiii- as  l.ir  its  tin*  l■ll^sl.lll 

I'.iily    as   ill    till-   !*i'MMt<'ciitli   rriiiiirv.      'I'll. if    wasal  station    i-s|.ili|i«lio.|    at     tin'    iiioiuli    of   tin-   Siiii;;aii.    I 

that  liiri",  ill  tliis  |il:i.'i',   II    rli,i|irl  «iilia  I'll!,  aii'l   ill.  iHil'.'iil  il  |iiiii|i'iit  lof,'i:iiit  lliiiii  a  |oii._' Ml'_'lit'>  list,     ."^o 

.' tim   ot   |inlilii- iloi'iiiiiriiis    nl:iliiij{   to   Silirria.    pr.-  I   ~t  ip|n-i|  ai   Kilki,  a  <  iil\  ik  \illav'>' 

M  rx  III  ;ii  Si    I'lii'i -lMir:.'li.  idiitaiii-  a  iii.iiiii~riipt  1"  iiiii.,'  I  >//i  .V"i'>//</"  i'  —  Not  «  il  listamliiiu'  I  li''  .udoiir  of  iiiv 

liiilr   1'  7^,   III  wliuli  it  is    Hail!  "lliat    tlir  inlialiil.iiilsol'  i]"-^,  Wt!  iliU  aliiiil    Imt    slouly:    wi'liaM'  r\pil  ii  iin  .1  a 

lliispli.i-   a-MTt    lli.r    at.   II   iriiiiiii'    piii.iij.   a    CliiiirHi'  tirnlili' ti'iiipist  of  .siiow.      N'lii-  tin'  \  alli  y  of  .Ma-o  | 

riiip.  r  .r   iMiiH-  liy  »  a  to  tln>  Ai r,  iiii'l  in  a  ri'iiniii  lint  a  li  ml  of  ( lilvaks  on    iiii.  way.  u  itii    llirir  ^liiluis 

lilMii t  liis  joiiriii'y  ill'  liiil  tlii'si'    iiioiniiii'  Ills  iTirliil  Lnliii  «illi  fi>li.       'I'1h-\  aio  a    kiml  of  i-aip,  wliirli  tlir\ 

M  illi  a  lull  atl.iiliiil  !o  tliilii."  '■  It'll  llliil'T  till- ill'.      .\  I    Tm'  till'  Willis  iif  til.'   .\  i r 

A    i-"iii|ili'lirii-i\ij    aii'l   inairiiiliri'lit   vi.'wi^  oKtaiiii'l  iiiiili-  in  om- coinin  "ii    l"-.l    aKov  "  tin'  ililla,  aii.l  an'  iiol 

from    till-    ii.iliii'.il    plitt'oi'iii    iip'iii   wliii  li    lli.'^i'   III. mil  li'^.s  tliaii  tliii'c  Viisls  in  \\  i.lili. 

liH'iit.s  \M'i'i>  I'll  ili-'l.       To    ill.'   h.iiitli  a  ulo'iiiiy  oil  all  of  I  I'/i  .V"'V  .ii/i''c.  -  -N'olliiiii^  can   In'   inoii'  iiii'iit  than 

foii'st    .slii'Irlii'H    almo-l      I'l     tin'     l|..|-i/iii,     ttllli     link  No\..  M  i 'li  ii'..\  ~k .         It     i-.     llir    inil'IM"   of    a     .  illaL.'". 

Iil.nks  of  I'l.k   li^ill:,'olll    "t'  il   li'ii    ,iimI  I  Inn- ;    «liiUl  Tlir  ('.I'liy  a.s  mi  |h.~si.,^,  s  only  f  .iir  Ilhsis      jint-riil 

to   tlii>   iioitli,    upon   tl ppo-iii- liaiik   ot'  ilii'Amo'.r.  inin  oin- of  tliis.',  ami  »  InUt  I  \\a.'<  \s.iriniii;,' ami  takiii;; 

n  tfir.it  \.illi'y  op.  us.  111'  11111'/  I  III'  H.ili  rs  of  till'  .MniLrnii,  my  Ir  i,  I  ipii  ~l  i..mi|  my  li.i^ls  a.s  In  tin  ir  moilr  of   life. 

nniii:.'illi,  or  Klimill  tilliiil  ii\ ,   liii.l  w  III   II    I'.liiis  ill   ilM  I'lioy  {..ai  y  roli,'IMlill  ilnl  tln-m^.  Ims  w  il  li  li.n  ilii.'  coini' 

nil  III  til  a  ill  It  1  roVi'i'i'il  tt  il  II  a  llii.k  r  ii  p  I'm/  of  Iri'i's  tu  t-t.il.ii  li  liii-ni-i'Urs  in  tin'  roiiniiy.      Tin'  lam  Is  tint 

ainl  sliriili>.  Iiivi'   In  ill    /rinii'il    I"    tlnni    an-    \.  ry    Inlili'.      'I'ln-y 

Aliir    li'iMii;;    t'oll'.wi'i    ll'i     i'lial     I'linl  « 111.  Il   tin'  .iiiin.iii'  i' 'in   ami  xi'/i't  iliirs  »iili    sm-i'i'ss.      '|'|i,,.  last, 

Ainiiop    iii.iki  s   in  iliis  [Mil    of  iin  I  oiir-i-,  alii  r  li.n  in/  liiii.^i  w.is  isp.'ii.iHy  pr.iiln.i  u  r       'I'll.'    i  iM-rs  |'iiiiii-.|i 

cspl'ii 'i  I  III'    \a~i    I    iki*  iif  I  Ml  I.  lull  II  il    III  till'  .iinplii  ill.  ill    uiili    ti^li    •'ii..i|'/li     In    .supply    llir     m  i  jlil.iiin  m/ 

tin  ill  ■  o|' «  .  .1.  il  lii'iiinlaiiis  at  tin-  inlii'rni'Wt  an/lo  of  iniiki'l-        .\ml    li-llv.l'i    llii--i'   .soiiiii^    of  w  rail  li  tin' 

till'   .iiiii',    tin-  I'Npi'ilil  i'.n,   wliiili    ».'    liiM-   nii«    fol  liv  .ini.i,'.  s  i|i'ii\  i'l   lioiii  tin-  n  n  ij  ii  i.'ii  ol  I  In'  Ani'.or, 

l.irti' I  111    llsj'iiirmA    of  lii'il'.'  til  111  .'I  "till  liiil.s,   airi\..|  ml    lip'    llm-pul     ..f    li,n.ll'i>     li'iii     Ni.olair\.»k    tn 

at  N  k'll  iii'Vsk.'  SN  lii'ii.  !■  il    ino.iil.iil   for    \\iii,a|>"ii  Ki/.i,    mikf     i    i '.ii-i  li  i.iliU'    aiMiiioii         Tin'    liiis^im 

ill    llif    «''.i    o|'   ••kli'il-k.     .■ml     wli'ii'i'     il     l.!iliiii"l    I  '     . mill.. mi. s    ImM'    r.inli  i.'liil    wiili    iIhiii     I"|     lln-    w I 

llkill-k   liV  till'  l.ili'l   I   "illi'  :.'.7lill  liilli-».  ln'.i-.«.iry    f..r    tli..    >t.  aim  rs,  iiii'l     lln'    po,|     |'.n  s    tlnni 

1  111  rnlil.li's  for  I  .1.  Il   pill    ..I   li.'i  s.s  pl"\  l.lril  illll  ll;/  I  li.' 

'  fivi'    iii'.ntlis   ..f  «  uiii-r.      ,'«u.  Il    I  II  nil  Ills   of  pio-p.  i  lU 
VI, --I'l-   'llir.     ',\|iHil;.                                1,-iialil.'  lli.hi  1.1  l.i.i    ill.'  fiiiM'.'  «iili  ronli'liii'i 

Till-  pi'i/ii-'S    111    r"|ii|ii-.ili"ii   i'    mill  II    inoii'    iii.irk''l 

W  t    ii"\v  I'lim-  to  '111'  •    \\  1  '1.  r.l..uriiiy  m  I'l"  l.\    Mr  ,,|    ',!  n  n.nnn  ,k.       'rii- iv    niv    llnl.'    In.  |i-s    lliaii  till,  .ii 

I'li/iili.  l-i,i   ill '!!■/    Ill'     lln.  r  .\iii....r,  Ir.ni  II-  iii"iil'i  |„,i,,|..       Tin.  Hiiiall.-t  il.'iaiU  ..i  |if.' nil.  st   lli.il  l;ii>-iaii 

to    iIm'    I'liitliii'iii.     of    il,,'    .\i-_'iiii    .ilnl    ill..    I'liilk.i.    i mm  rs  pill, •!.'.<«, ill  i-ipiillty  ill  til i-.'/imis       'I'll.. 

'^■''''■"•"   '  ...1 I  .    it    Ml' Il  iil'X-k  >pi-.  iil.ii.- in    lir.iilini;'   liois.'s. 

Till-   ii.iiiMln.'   otii  jo'.iii.-*-    nil. I Iv    i.\'i   M'.iis  ,.\,  n,  .,i„|  -I,,  .'p        Tli.y   Ii.im'   toiiinl.   In  Inml  lln' riil/i' 

|B.sii|i.||y  t,    il „•    pii-wo'|s|y    i.-.oi'l.il,    >.mII    also  ,|,.,,   j,,,,  |.  ,  ,  1 1,,' |'n  .  i,  a  \  ,i-t   -I.  ppr,  h  li..-.' |.,i-liir..  i.- .... 

«ivi.  .'.nv  i  I'.i  I'l  III- ia|.i  111  V  of  ill.' pr."/ii  Si  m.i.li- l.y  ,i..|iil,,.  h    fiii.i,.    iliir   In  nU  amlllo.K-   ma  s|,oii, 

l!ii-i.i  III  I,  .'  \. ill'  y  III  III'      \iii'.  .1  I  inn-,  an  I  yi\.'  1.  till'  I  111.  r  a  pniili  ii  ly  lim-  IIiM.'ir 

I  ipiilii    1  .\  '    -l..li'»    k,  sn  ,  .Ml     I'll...    In  I   Li.  on   tin'  j;.! » ,  i  i,    M  i    1,  nl.  .v -k     ami     I'.auma'l-ki,   I     lin  I     «illi 

l:.ili  ot  '  >.  I  ,  l-.o;,  iiiii  •.|."l/.•..^..  p  "JH.M.Ii  iMH  l._\  il'./-,  till.  .•  p.  1- nils  «li'i  w.  II'    i.  iiiiniiii;    In. in    liiinlinu'        I 

,  il  II  lit  li'iiiii  tlniii  til  .1  till' ii'iii 'I. .  r  ilo.'- not  w.iinl.  I  in 

'    (li.r  M-Mii..  Hii  .Mlili'i.ii'  I   "fN'.i-     I'l'iv    lili.l.      »l„i-..     ii.apl. sill  tins.' i't\  as  in  .•^il..iia,  Imt  aUxav  -  1 1  .i\ .  Is 

tl.«'   Mi'.il.il  I  I'll  rsU  lli.'ll  nil  I'..' 'I  - '!.-«.  mi.l  llii'riiiltltrx,  uli   II  I"  .11   i  III   1. 11'-/.'   Ili'I'l-*. 

iil.nii  ..-ri.-/.  il  .liil-  '.II  iii..|.ii.«s.  JKiiia'klv  .in.'T'iUitli  l'."i-i  j       'I'l,,,  Ciiv  ,ks  r."  .  iM'l    111.'  ..p.'ii  . I  rim  .1   at    il,.'  \  ill ./' 

'""'"■■     "111  "•I'^-.'.li I'll'.'  Vi.-rai- ;•'"•■■"•••''■•■.•"'  ',,f  I  •„  I  '     Till'    Miiii'l'i   111. I IS    fir  as   tli.ir 

li.  II  H'l  111  ii'«  III  rtiilili,  mil  \.ir\  n:,'  Ir  '111   "i...  Iiii'<'li..i  iiml  lilii 

I'l  I  I'l  ;,.iii.ir.  i|  11-.-.  Ill  ili-jiiii.      Iliii  lii'Mil  liili' r.lls  .111  111  .\  k-i-  

1, '  \,k,  111.'  c  .'it  il.  (.'11. .'  .if  till.  .\iii  .ir.     'I'll.'  I  11/  rti-il.r  .1'  MX 

ill.  11.  T"  i«  It  Kli  II   ili-llilln'iil,lil|.|  I'll,  lil.li   '  I  111  111  V.rli  ■-   III.'  *     AI-  "ll    I""   III  l'<     li.i  ■«•   M  in.  n-k    i<    th.'  Mll.lifi'  i.f  I'lll,   ll'i 

H  llr«l'r.l> iii.iiiTii.il  |».r',  n.  iliii  kI.  p«»i  I  iil.t  ivh  Ik.  nl-'i.-  .1  I..  .\i|iii.  X.ii/"''sl  I.f  Ili.'M.  r.-iil  'i.s.  »!..  i.i  Ilii'  linnli  r<iiiiil  li  hIi  is 

Il  n..  I'lirlv.      Iii.st  ii|.pT'.,i' 111  •  at  lli.'i'.i'i '.f  tlrl-'li.-r,  ..f  111-  ili'-t  ii«-m-ii'IiIi'  li- 'in  nil  iin.iii'r-        luiiu'iw"  linn'ir.,   I'r.nii   llir  /lyi 

|.  .  'In.  ill  N.aiiiiUr.  iiinl  ~  uU  iiji  tin'  r  i.r,  «'ii.-ti  (•■r  kIk  Imi/     iiiiil   II..'  \  .l.l'.ii'.i,  I _•  lli>.  ppsl (  t'  .-ir  rill' ».      (liil.,v..l.«, 

iii|,«  !•.  i.'io  Vi."!   «'..H-I   iif  II-.,  iiii.l  ilmii,/  II  _-i-i  ill   |i.irt  I.f  till-     riiiiii  III.,  sli'.i-i. Ill  till' MiiiifCi. .k,  nil.  n'l  wilii  H.i- r  I'm  >,  iin.l 

~  1.  hill  it  j«  iai| t'l    I'.ir  v.-»«.  In  In   111  '».'  tV..  11   llii'ir  lii'».riiii.'s.  I  n-  M  iIil'-i'II',  «''Ii  H."  ir  iii'I/l.l"ii'«,  Hi."  li"  ili.  Ini'i.'  •kni'i  Irmii 

i.ii  ,11.  iiiiil  ..fill..  Il  .1'  11/  nil...'..     Of  111,-  .•..,,1  ii.liiiiliij.  «.  lini     I  llii'llii-.'  'Ill'  -iiiil  li  '1.1  III.      .\l  mil  liii  iiii-ri-li.in's  II Il"'  Simii. 

IV. r,  'I   .111  II  u  I    •',  I.r  11'  >  |i  rl  |..«i  r    I  mi  mi  Hi.'  I'  i- li.',  n.-ir  |  /irm  nn.t  lln-iii  uilli  h  iir«  fi'Mii  Clniiii,  iiii'l  ,1  i|'i.i"«.'  Im  r.  Inn.; 

MLli  .-k.  Il-i.-iil., .11  l,".,;riiilly:,..  II',.,      \li.-:ilt  iiiirlii:..  i  .'.I.I..  1.1   li'irii-r  ll'.'ir  i" l4-Aiili   111..  Iiiiiii-i-s  l.'rili.'  |ii..iIii.t  .rf 

I  «.-r.  riM'   ii|i  iiiil'ii{ii    '|'.l,ak  iiii.l  I'iim'  IV"ii;ri'  in  il,-r,',  i|  i|ii<  ;  ili-rf  -"I..     Sinliini  »«.  mlilii/.'  <-iiii   milv  In-  i'.i|..i..I  ..ii  llii.1 

II  .mil  ..f  til.'  rn.  r,  iiti'l  IV  'III  111),  kill,  r  iilii,,/  I  ...  ..  I  .1.  .n-  I  1  '  .',".1,    «h,ri.  .iiiiniii.  iiii'l   m.-l  '>  i  li.ir.n-ti'ii.li.'  m,  m-.  I  iln-  likn-" 

r,i.lrii.|    |l.i\,    ll    I'ury   |i"iiit    Ih'«>    .'iitiil   111    il.iii Wlii-ii      I'l'iw.'i  11  111.,  ilirni/ liin'..r  mill  II Iil'iv   M  iiili  li  i  mnl  .l'i|iiiii>' 

lti."ii ..'1,1.. I  III  wiili.lrivt  till  \i...l>  ..f  «,ir  ll Il..'li:i'k  '  .\l  nil.' ..t   111.'..'  niiii-'ilir  ciili.  r,ii|.".  i.i    Isll,  m.  ii  i.l  ii  illLr.-'' 

H.M,  i.l   III.-  I  In...  I.f  til.'  I  I'l'  Mir,  mill  «..  >.  irm  ilU  i.iiiii.lnl  111-  ,  rii'c  iii.|»-.irisl,  .iirr>iiiif  -k  ns  I'l .'  ■  I'nr  Inni'i  r«.  I.iit  lliiir  l.-iiiirn 

M.'li'i  rniii  all  In  tl i.r  IVm.  r.  ..f  Knrir.',  .1..'  kin'-v  .1..'  »  i.  i  mil  Imjii  i.'i'  .Imn'  ,1  l!''-  .\-iii  .■•  Ilia'    H"  v  w.-o-  ii  I    il.-  . .  n.l.'il 

«  |.  I'l.'iii:  .111  11  iiii.n-  iiii|  ".rt.iiil  |n»U"ill,  ii»-  mil  ."•I'Uli  Hint  v.  i.)..-«  h..iii  any  nf  llii-a  Inl..--.      i  in  «  Iniil   li  iwi'o  r.  prn\  i-.l  tin  in.i  l\.'« 

b-.lit  UllI  kJul    H...1    VVlul.  ,  L-  -".I   «.i.Hl>lll.-|l,  lull    l^llllisl  llll.    l!-tl1'lll    ol     till'     rilll){ltM',    Ulll.lll|< 


Ur    AND   DOWN   THR   AMOOR. 


4*^ 


\lll;i','c,  rifinuiiii,'   t'liii,..,,.    Ii.|u,,r-s.  ti, 111, •,■.!,  :iii.|  i:iill.t,      iiii|>ui'i,'i|  iiii .1  ili,.  fniiiitry  7"ii  Im.xt^  ..rcliui >|.inl~. 

wliich  llH-.v.>\rli;iii:<i>  I'.ir  I'ox  Mill  niirlili   skiii-^.       Tin...  In  iIm- iil.-.  ii.'m  i.l' r.ui^i.li'r  11  inn,  .,1   ,1  iii^liiT  m  .l,,-.  tli.- 

<;ily;ik  I'l'illiiTs  wli'i  livi-il  1111  liT  till- >iiiii' liMit,  iii\  111. i     1 iT.i  il  iriiiiisls  lit'   l;ll^-l:l   1  ..mi-rr  li.  r.    il'  not   t.. 

nil'    ti>   I'lii.T    mil.    (Ii.-ir    liul        I     t'oiiinl    iilMnit    .i\iy  iiil,i-,li,  1    nliMilutrly   the   ii.|iiii-..i..ii    ,,r  I'liin.'-r    >|.lril> 

|Mi|-s.m<.i-i' iiMi'l  lli'i-.' ;   til  y  « rr.'  r,.r   tin-  iin.-i    (.iit      liilnili,ir    \u-^\-    piiivi m,  iil  nil    .mmus    to   |,iii    -x.iv 

lriivi'll.T-<  lil..'  nnsrir,S;mM,'iis  Mil  I  N.iniiliils,  IV..111  111,.     | il,|,.    iiii|.,-,liiiiriit  in  tin-   w.iy  of  su,  li    tnilli,-.      '11,',. 

Anicu'iiii        'I'll.,     iiili.ilii;. Ills    ,,l'     ilii,     y-iium     ii,,-,.|,i  Imiu'IIis  « lii,ii  tlii,  l,|-iii„l,  ,,f,-,,iiiiii,.,,-,.  ,vtiin,,   1,,  tl,.. 

llM^sillll      .1.1    llill    IIImII        is        ,1       1,'.„1    -.11.1,              i:i|l|.HV,-,|       will,  .M.lllllllllS    i>    S,l    Jtl,.;,!    lis    t,l    |„.rillit     lllllll       t.l      |ll.>ll,,|„.ll..' 

tll,.    Iii'st    iiilili'iii   .iliilili..-,    ill  y   \v..ii|.|    si,..ii    ;,'ivc    111,.  111..  tt||,,|,..       h    wi>  Willi    liilliiMilly  lli;it,    I  .•,.iil,l  ..l.iaiii 

|.\iiii|i|,'  111"    I'l   s  i,.i:il    \iriii,.,.    if  i|i,.ir   j;,„.,|    i|ii,ilitii's  finin  tli,.  n  iiu  ,■<    r,,|iv    Ihmvit   si<iii-t  ;   wlnl-i    :i   vin.^rl,. 

M-iT*'  Mill  M.iiiiliil  II,' I  li\   ill  1!   «  .r-l   nil t  i|i.|il,iiMli!,.  .M:iiii,-liii    ,|.:i!ir    ~.,|,|     1,,,.     lull     in     ,.|ii.    ,|.,v         'I'Li-^,- 

,.f  :ill    vi,.i.s  -.IniiilM.ii  1  ■„.       I'll.    Mint, -In    nr  ivli  mu  .M;iiii,liiis    ruin    lli,.   ,...iiiitiv,        l''i..iii    I'nli.i   .'^nii^.Mri 

M-illi   rtlimn    lli.-\  liilli.' ,|.i    lli.ii-  Il '-l  1,1  i.|il,.||  iln    lln-,      lli.-r,.  i,  ,,ii,.  ,-,,iinii \|ir.s',i,,n  nf   iii.|i;;n;il  i.,n  :i,MM,.t 

mill  i-vii.      hiiiiUg' til,' ji.ist  vtMi-  iiloiii),  tlieir  i.,iis..ii,  rs  tlniii.     The  iiili.iliii.iiiis  ii|  iIi.mo  ifgimis,  wliu  sic  iluir 


it'--'-     --'-.7>s 


DOGS    ON    THE    AMOOK. 


lirilliriMi  nil  i'.i. 
ill,.  |,i-..|.i  li.iii 
«  II  U   lln-i  I. 


I  ni'i.  ii'  i-  "iiiiii,'  «  .  I'l  liv  null  r    i.in'.r.iii.   <  'liri^l  i  mi 


III! 


I-~I  I,  St  I     l.'ll   I'.l'l  II    III.  II     II  ill.h    I. 

«  III    lii-r   l.ix  '111    I  11.  »  '•>  I  II 


III 


I     .         I-     III! 


ll.lr 


I'll"^!.'!!!     Hyill|«ltllil'M     lll.llllfc^t 

.|   I  lirtn    liv   ^.iilllli  I  -.    »  lilrli    11 
II  .1   I  .    nil  i-iiti'   .il  lln  II'  liill  \.iliii',  w  li<  n 


iini'iii..'  Minn 


\li.i'il  1)1,. V  II  111  II"  11   liviii '.  mill  "If"  iii'i  "I  •'■"•  "  liiiiiiu'in."  In     t'"'  in'iu"  u.nil  I  Im   llir  r  liili-,  iri'.iii..lil  i  iiiiil  tlnii'  i'.iiiii:i,li-«  »,ri> 


III.,  iir 
'I'l" 


•lii't'li  1.4)       In  III 


ii.  •ii'itiiii-r 


tH:i'.t  lln,  I-  I'lili.liix  1.4  il  . 


«■  II    ll->iiri',l  ll.:lt 


.1'  il,i.   Ml.  i,'l 


ir.il  I'riiii  till'  ill  i;rl''''"if  i""'  "(  N.-n*  '.i  '"li  1  »  "iin'l 


I'll     I   I'lii  III 


111,. 


II    I'Vi'fV  ,|ili','|i..il,    li'lt     ll'i    rail' 


1  hii'    n  »   rmiliil   )iv  nliMi 


ill-  Ulli'll  l|... 
h-iM    II'l*  Tt;iii 


'  lii.n   li.i.l    i;..| 


luriiii"  «. 
.•4  tliii   III. I 


hIiI  I'Vir  l.iki- 
1 1  k 


il  lllllI    llliv    111,11    |.r.\iil..|    llil'lll>i  ltr>  uilli 


lIli'V 


,11!. I  li'  I'li'i'l,      A  I'l'  >  i>r  tlv  if  ruiiriil,'«  iiliiiii'  III.  w  I  111  n     rilli'«  iiml  ilr mIi"!  tin.  \mii>..|'  iia  lur  n«  I  in.  .11,  wiiiv  ilu. 


l|)|t'4      lllll 


I  ilii'  i|irri''iim    I'hv  linr    l.il,i 


U.   U  '  'I'll     u  ,« 


,|i«ii   I' 


|..|i 


,.t  T, 


liiiitii' 


ji.ii 


nl 


Am'"il'         K» 'II""  ".  I'.'    II''     nil  '  "11  mill    ill  llli-    il.-llii'l.  IMl«it   .        1  »!<•  Mi    II  |.i  ll i.ins  «  III  tin'  Si  rniiljii 


mil    lll'-y   lii'%'OIM|.illlii',l    nil    111! 


II 


uliii'liii.'  Mil'  »ii 


11 


till,  k'li  n.U,  ,11 


III  :•  I'l 


.1  ..ii;,„l  I.I  111. 


il   il  t. 


III. 


y  It  iii«| 


li«|.llV  111' I 


.iini»i' 


ri'nlr.l  III    i  •laMi>lilll.>  Il    llinlllal    frirllil- 


r\  |iri»i.iir   lli'V    fmiiil    ln'Munl    tlir   iViiili.r.     •Iiin  lii'l".i''i  iIi.-m'   "|ii.|iIi'  |«..i.1i'  .iml  lli.  iiiu  l\i"-,  ;i...l  >|ii'ii|  Inn 


Mii'ilrliiK    I'  r    lA 

Mlinv    fll.'itH.'"   H.ll'  li|''lll.'lll     l'll''l>      nil     iM'HT-  It    p  Ulinlinl.  !!•      Ill       «    IlIlT*    Ml  llll'ir    ll 


111    till'   ^llltiil if    |s||    llii\   Wrtlt 


i.li.    1.1  llll'ir  t'nifii 


Till'   l''il.'«  "II 111.' 


wliii  li.iil     «it;i  llll'ir  frii'iiil'.  Ill   I'lil  J  ii^ir  llii'  f.iir  ili. 


l1l'«      lllll        III! 


mI  ill  III'  uiirii.  .nil',  km  V  il.ii  .1  ll  ^)i-ug  iiiiil  l.ni'il  l.il  ur  in      kI, 


III  |.rii'«>l>il  iMiii  ti.t' Jii|i.uii>L'  li.iilif   1,1     luUliiiili.l 


•J06 


ALL   ROUND  THK   WORLD. 


wf  cnn*t<l«>r  the  forrp  of  long  ha)>ita.  TIiiih  oik-  <if  th* 
thni>  tiii-tliri'ii  with  wliciu  I  IihI);«-iI  tiiul,  in  onirr  to 
conloriii  nmn-  i-Km-Iv  to  ltii-»iHii  iii^iinii'i'h.  ii-ijoiiiiivd 
nttiii^  ilii^.  "  1  am  a  tT""*!  Ituvmii.  I  niii.  "  lir  Hiiiil, 
"  I  l«>  not  mt  <log  likf  Jill-  otlpi  ri"  Mjiv  iIiim  ron- 
o-ai^ion  to  tlit>  iirvjuiiiccs  ul  hu  ni.i>i<'rN  In!  H|>|>ivciAt(*(l 
u  it  iliwrvea  t 

If  the  conduct  of  Hunia  with  n-Kix-rt  t<i  the  Ciilyiika 
Httitcli'w  tlifui  clorA'lv  to  Imt  t-xiim-.  it  is  lit  llir  xiinio 
tim:^  a  Kiiliji-ct  of  rxc(«<iiii^'  »iii|imw  t^i  ino^t  nl'  tlirni. 
I  hitvp  ni'Tf  tliaii  once  htimi  tlirni  iiii|iiiii-.  "  llnw 
in  it  timt  tlie  K'liKiiitiis  of  tli<<  |iM'M'iit  il.iv  ii>  itiier 
opiMmr  UK  nor  kill  n»  I"  To  a|i|<r<'<'i.it<'  ilicii  !iii|iiii°iM 
it  miMt  In*  known  that  trolition  hit'.  |>r('-«  i  viil  the 
memory  amon;;  the  (Silv  ik*  "t  tin-  ili'|>it'tl.iii<ih~  iind 
vinlcnot^  (-oiiiiiiittt-il  l.y  ihc  timt  Kumiiiii  riiv<.ii'kB 
agaiimt  th'ir  i«ii>'>>4tora 

Winhiii^  to  ariivt-at  MjiH- imk  li-f.-n-  tlii- .|f|i;ii tiiro 
elf  thf  ({ovfiiior  '<(  llw  |«r>'viiii-.  who  was  iil.sn  iHiiiiid 
ihillii'r,  I  i'Ii;;ji:;i-'I  tv»o  slnt)pi>  tor  tin-  •iim  n|  niiiiti-un 
iliitli'Pi.  on  oHi  Liion  of  the  jt>iinii-t  Uin:;  |i4'i'|iinii<<d 
III  H  ^;ivf!i  iiiiif  Tlif  luf.'iiii  CUM  liiiJiMJ.  I  li.i'li'  my 
hiwt  t'.in  Will,  itii'l  aft<-r  li.ivini;  lilt  llirm  h  i;iHid 
■m|i|ilv  ol  toUnni  aixl  tm  to  wlii<  li  llirv  air  I'Xiiriiifly 
|>iirtiiil.  I  ti"*  '"•"  '"*'  '''""'C'"-  -^Iv  <lo;^  III. nil'  siich 
^iMxl  u:iv  tli^it  I  WK*  not  Ion;;  ii<  pmi'Iiiii^  »  nmikU 
I'HUil'li-liiiK'iit  of  tlir  iiamr  of  Irkut.^k.  1  nut  the 
({oviriior  on  tin-  way  tr.«v.-lliiig  with  |">»t  lioiwn  («« 
II.  .')_'i»i.  lint  my  lijjht  ij.^^  nl.-.!;;.-?!  •oon  li-ll  him  iTJniid. 
liaviiiK  thus  no  it-si-um  tor  lniiry.  1  )i>>t  imiI  iiimI  went 
to  uiiiiii  mVM  It'  liy  the  tin- of  a  ffii^Mili  hill  I  iiiiidA 
a  Atill  li>i  '^fr  Ktay  at  a  |>i.'«>-  nill<-<l  Aiir.  in  "kIit  to 
imt  my  il"j;it  Aur  in  m.o>»ii.-i|  for  it.i  hn-cil  ..I'  iloy*, 
'I'lu'y   »tv  uny.    ull.    w«-ll    Kli.iia-*!     «ii<l    li;;lit   ••!    fmit 

At  »hii«  (iliui-  ul.««i  I  hntnl  thf  i.".!!.!.-  < ipl.iiii  luttn!" 

of  the  Miilitchiiii,  who  (J<>|«>ll  tht-m  with  ihr  lliont 
>H|ioiiN  i'ynii-i>m 

My  next  Htak!**  «•*''  Ma<U  aii'l  l*iil/.i.  m1I;i:,'i« 
nitimtcil,  Hjt  »iT<-  all  t)i:tt  I  li.t<i  ni<-t  hiii>'<'  I  l<  II 
NifolaifV>k.  on  th«'  ni;ht  lank  I'f  lh<-  AiiKnir,  I  linh-d 
with  |(h'HMin-  'h*-  vilUijr  of  Slit.  h.  inhalutiil  hy 
KiiK.-<ian  ('oMi>.iik»  Hiul  I  am«i-<l  tl.r  r^im-  i  viniii;;  at 
Maririmk. 

Wli.  II  1  infoniml  th.-  iBN-i-le  ..f  this  |>la.-<-  of  my 
illt4-lition  to  aititini  thr  Ai'HKir.  th«-  pfj-i't  was  tic.ilid 
ai)  iiiHHiiH.  Till- ni'wt  .■x|«-ntii.-.i|  .hvlir-.l  that  I  iiniid 
not  pniciiiv  fcNnl  |..r  t.>rty  .!■%:•  that  tish  w.  n-  aaiiliiiU 
in  m-vi  r.il  (Kirtion^of  thf  ri«vr,  that  it  I  'liil  not  ilir  of 
hiinj!«'r,  I  iiTtaiiily  ••hoiil.l  of  ,-ih.iii»tii>ii .  ami  laxlly, 
that  if  !  Hiirxivifl  tli»  oihl  niehta  ot  wmlaT,  tin-  miow. 
storiiiK  WMiihl  iiM  ii'.iMy  |tiiiii>h  iiir  (of  my  r.i>liiii-«.-«. 

Hut  niv  n'M'iMiion  wan  nia<lr.  ami  no  oli|iri>oiia 
Win-  of  avail  Ul  nt.tkr  nir  ail«r  lU      I  i«iiK|M-<-ti-<l  thn 


>.i.li.iliiii,  « In  r.'  ..!,•  :<  tl..  ni  .U.i.  Tl.i-  .>th«r»  iii».l«-  tl.<  ir  way 
to  iliiniKtiTii  r  .ul.  ai.-l.  aflrf  a  >|j\  <  f  K-inr  luniitli*.  Iiivl  tlia 
iuiii<l.ulii>ii  ul  vtiii.-  »  ahip  aitcbor  oil  tlir  t-<ia*t,  lirariii.-  •  tla^ 
Mitli  the  Hum  ml  «tn|><-w  A  l>>tl  •  •  r«-w,  Willi  tin-  •  .iptaiu, 
lnii<l)-il  t<>  <>l>t.iiii  |>n'Wiiiuna,  ai><l  wrrc  aat.'iiialnil  at  Ik  iiig 
iiil(lrf"ni><l  in  Klii;li<h  hj  ao»  <-f  litr  rxiU*  ali'  i'>iaiiii-<l  lit* 
|h:<iIiiiii,  Aiicl  rr<^imtcil  a  pa>a:>.'<'  to  any  i<la<v  wlitT'  in-  iikI  'ill 
ctiiiiriHic  ini.ht  liiiii  a  nhil'  (•  r  K>ir<'|e  Ttip  LiiiJ  li«-»rt<<l  <«v 
man  iimlantly  O'-iiw-ntnl  t<>  t.akr  ih.ifi  oii  )>i>r.l  ami  Uinl  tlii'in 
ill  AllltTl(-.1.  iT  riM  tirrt.-r  «if>|«^'ini1>'  >•  '•  r««l  <•(  nrlitlilu'  tlirlli  to 
I'"iirf|-i- .  lint  In-  mfnrmril  ttiFtn  that  hr  ««•  >n  \iiii-rii  .«i  «  lc.»!ir, 
aiii!  u  lin  aliip  h.iil  ii-  t  brr  full  <af  .-■  I',  it  tl-  V  wmilil  |iiiliililv 
br  ilf '.'lyil  iK'Mir  iiintitli*  >in  thr  t-  .a.-*  I  •  '  |it  hi«  wuril .  aiiil 
•  lii'ii  !;••  |iiit  tliriii  itn  •lor»-  m.uU  kf-an  i  .ir  hi*t>>ry  ti.  hii 
riiuiiti\ii!<-ii.  wliH  h  ni  itMl  t»  th  th»  ir  »)%•■■]  all.-  aii<l  i.fii<  m'lty. 
1 1  II  vi-ar*  .tftrrwarda  ..e«  i>l'  tlwot  rrw  Knl  Tarit  ami  am  •  i<v>lui| 
ID  inakiiij  liuuwii  ha  •■•  <»«  tt  kt  i.nhirVi.iiaK  vi4liia.lua. 


\|  iiilrliils,  lii-iili-n,  of  •{niitly  oXilgaiT.itiiii.'  llii-  ilatiL'iT 
III  (111-  loa  1.  ill  iii'ih-r  to  iliwoui'aui-  llic  <'\|i|iiiali<i|is  nl 
^ll-aii-.'i  IN  'I'ln  ir  i'ii|iii||ly  i.t  alarim  <l  at  tin-  i  o||l|lu-^t■. 
III   ri\  lii^ati    11  ,    ili'V     vMiiihl    wi-li    to    <'-><-:i|M-    frunitlii- 

il'IIIH  of  liiix^ia.  wliii'li  in-  ili-u  lioihly  ^ta.«|iili^  thrill 
»itliiii  lii-r  i-ml>ra<  ■-.  atnl  wmi  ■!  mmiii  olili;,'i-  tliiiii  to 
liii<".;i>  tlii-ir  lull-.;  |ii art iM'il  iiIhim-k  a);.iiii«(  tin-  |mii|>Ii' 
ilwi  liiii);  ill  till-  valh-y  of  tin-  Atiioor.  Kviry  ttiiMlhr 
u  liii  |ii>iii'li'.ili's  into  Miiiti  liiiria  i^ali  iulvaiiriil  m  ntim  I, 
u'lioM-  iii^.iL,'lil   into  tlii'ir  iiial|ir.i<'li<'i-'<  tin  v  ilii-nl 

.'ll'//»  ii/' .V  .i-.;;i/./-r  I'mij  uiatlnr  ihl.niiiil  im-  tin 
li>ln,'iia>-  11  M.iri.  ii-k  '  lliiriii  am  >  ol -iiow  liaM- falli  n 
.siliri'  tin-  L'Ui.ainl  at  tin-  niniiii  lit  of  iii\  i|i|Mitiii(-  tin- 
ui-allii-i'.  uhi  h  hnl  rhiixl  ii|>  ii  littli-.  tiirin  il  to  htm  ni 

lL,'<llll  Itlll       I      WIS     ill  li  rillllii  il     Imt     to     ^m-     ll|i.    Mil 

-III  till    Mllji   l.iiic  hh-ili."-',  lllnl    lour    llniIl|l->'  |ini\  isiull- 

It  vva.-t,  liiiui'M'i',  with  unat  I'^nihli-  ih.ii  I  ria<'h<-il 
liiillii.      wlnlT      I      olilailn.l      iiua-tii't     f.ii      the     tii^^lit. 

Ili'l  Willi  Ki/i  ami  (i\llli,  II  .ll-la^.r  of  lii'ii!  orililial'V 
|iii-t  Kliliiiiii,  till-  Miim  hail  falli'ii  in  Muh  ;;tt:it  i|iialili- 
lii-.-i  that  Ml-  Will-  ofti  II  liiiiii-i|  in  it  ;  l>i.t  inv  ilo^^hWin- 
a<  rlisloliinl  to  tl'iiiiii|iii  ovrr  hliili  ol•^lal  li-x  ]  Koiiir 
limi's  Kiiw  (III-  w  holi-    li-aiii   ilis)|i|Niir   from    licfori-  my 

I'M-H   ;      lull     KOOII    lltl    IIMll'll    t-lliill     liroll^hl     tllttll    to  till- 

-uii'liit'i-  ii^'ain,  uhi-rf  tli<\  tmik  hir.ith.  nii  I  llaii.  w  itli 
:i  -^ll'oli.'  |iiill  at   lln>  loll.iix.  ihii   rairiiil  ■  ll  tin-  ^l•  ili;<-. 

I'liu  skilful  maiiii-ii\  re  li'liiimhil  tin' <  f  a  -u  initial  rant 
aiiiiiM:,'  tin-  u  lUr-i  of  tin-  iniali  It  rri|iiii<<l,  ilnli  ■  ij,  nil 
llii'  ilill'i  |iti|lly  of  tlii'-i-  liIMM-  iiliili  aU.  IK  uhiih  I  had 
|iill  my  llll-t.  Ill  |>|i'\i'llt  lli\  hat  111^  t<i  liiaki'  thr  Itc-t 
III  my  u.ix  liark  a:.Mili  hlaili  tilin-  that  th<\  |i'ii;;lil 
I  ll  ■ir  Hay  so  i.'-.iil.iiitly  out  ol  tin-  Mn.w  tin  ir  i'\i  h  hIihIii-, 
mil  llnir  ».ii.'i.'iiii;  laiU  Miiin-d  nt  i  ti.  •-  to  li-tify  to 
I  li'ii' ai'ilmir,  ami  to  tin-  inililr  |in<li-  uhnli  tinx- frn-lidii 

if  111. Ill  I  ikt-  ill  wiA  iiiy  liiin. 

/(..  ,„'„,■  I.  -Iijai  IH  a  |io|>idoiiii  villaoi-,  hut  nt  ihi- 
iii'iiiK  111  if  our  iiri'ual  tin-  ini'ii  had  i'l.tn-  out  to  hnnl 
lii.mr.  Tilt-  only  |iii -.uih  who  had  ri'iiiiiilinl  I  ■  hind 
win-  till-  uoiin  II  and  rliildntl.  and  H  fi'W  Maliti  Im  <  liirik 

1  .lii.t  U-f'Ti'  riM.  ll  •!;;  It'itn-.  in  ji-iiriw\  in.-  ii|ii%  iiil«,  tli< 
\ni  -ir  il>\  1  Irt  illtn  tii-iu-r-'il  hiiUu'l  •-«  t.iul  m-«*  lal  ftiniili  i  Kiiinn  U 
I  Illi*  I't'  IIh-  l.ir^i-  atri-.i'ii*  ttirii*  tn  IIh*  n^lit.  mnl  J4i.m«  tin' 
wli  i.-i- III' till' •Itrr  ;  n  li-n  lliili'.  t'llitln-r  I*  tli.-ii  ^  rwlin-  tnlli*  l.aki' 
->r  Ki'/i-i',  Oil  tilt-  |i>ni-r  .i>ii'.  mill  at  a  klitirt  ili-ti«twt' finiii  tiit> 
Milt.  i<  .\I.U'nii-k  |>iri,  ma-  "(  tin- nn  »l  ini|>  r*aiil  >'alii>ii>  tluit 
I:  loia  li.K  |i|iiilii|  nil  tilt*  Aiiii^ir.  A  l«tiii»  Im*  Utn  tntlt^l, 
lll.ll  i-iiiillimil<U  Imlll  tin-  ri\tr  ami  11. r  rlillal.i'  In  llli.  iiiUihI 
|>iii.  mill  1  'ii«n  i.  r.i|'i'llv  fi«iin{  I  Ik- it  Iikmi  ronn  '  In  .tiiimir 
i.  ilhivi' II  I' tliinl  lit  a  null-  in  witllli.  Im'  xttial  >ii  .ill  nlmiil* 
iiittTr<i|>l  till'  I  .i*«.i|;i-,  II  iiiti-riii^  tin- iiati|r«ti--iiilifli.  tilt  .  H«t*iiiii- 
tu^  It  lil,  li-i.M  \iT.  I'll!  i  itr  llii*  11m-  Ukt'  i»  dl*-ul  twti'it  tttiii 
inili'^  lull.-,  ami  ila  ttriau«l  uiitth  ib  Itirit  it  ilia,  *mt  il  Ui--  iiii-« 
i'-tto:ili-r.ilil_\  ii.ii-r>i\%i-r  it*  it  i  \li-ii(U  to  lit.- «-  .twiirtl.  A  i  Imiii  if 
iii'iiiiraiio,  u  litrii  iitt.i>>>  a  niionlifiilil.-  i-l*  t«ti' ii,  riit>«  .-il<  ii;:  t'% 
•  'iitlii'iu  »li'ir<',  nml  iiiniiiiiiii'v  in  t''i>tii<'«  Hm  |«li'<h  i*  iilti 
HI  iti-tv  irirartli-tl  II*  liki  tv  III  In-  IIh- |<.irl  til'iKr  Aii-i«-r  a*  it  i>  nnh 
I  ir  lli'i-i-  niiMitlii  in  llii-  niiiii-r  lltui  t.-.««-|.  tmulil  U  M-<lfl  ii|> 
111  rt',  f\rii  if  r.niijiii  in  tlit-  ni  :  ii  i-iri  un  •».ii..i  tl  at  Mniilil  ran-l) 
li'i|i|ii  II  .14  a.iiliiiu  II  il)-i;ii-«- '>r  lai>  furtlt-r  «<iiltl  taLt-  tlir  »lii|i 
I  '111  ll  lll'ifi-  ift'iii.il  t-llulilv'.  Ill  tl  ••  rluin  t'l  liitnilitailit  nl  lat* 
nii-iili<iiii-i|,  lilt  riiiiiiiii|;  iilnii.;  tin-  W'liilnrii  •)i*-r«  if  tin  (..iLi  Kiitt-, 
lilt-  HluT  Ai  Ilia  ilt  •mil-  f,  ami  iillir  a  iiHir-t-i  I  i<ar  twi.hiii.iliiil 
iiii'i-<  |iiiiii-<  ll  i-'iiKiilrnlili-  halt  if  «4l>r  till' iIm-  I..ki- .  a  an  all 
I'li.Kti  III'  liilU  i'\ii-iiiU  .iliMi;*  till-  ti*r*i.rii  aitb-.  aiitl  i  iiiiti-rniia 
iiiiiiiir  •triiiiiia   Mini  int. I  till-   U>.i    ".  I.i'li  alioft-a.     4iiil«  iNiiitv 

III    ra    nl'     lli;.'ll     l.lliil    llitir^t-ln-    Ut«.an     tha*    ia**l-rtl    l-l>il    t.rtlli 

Kif.-i-   l.iki-  lllnl   till- linlt  lit'  J'arta  \    ii_\    rr  *aiti|(  «hiili   Ittt-iilv 

mill'.    Hi'   atlllil    .11   a    'll   .1'.        |i|i  .aitl'     1.1     |Ih>    lalitil     i.f     ^»^■.l1ill,   llu 

ll)it>ri||ii<l     lif    till-    .1  i| ..'    KI'Klll  ll    ia   tilay    In    a<<>    that    t, 

rliilini'l  lliriiili'll  tlli'M-  lilIN  nntllil  la-  tavalll.i>  It-  |i  lliiula,  aa 
vl' III/  till-  u'"'ll  i-llM-liat-  III  ll  iiiiot  la-  int-tifrt-il  III  *-«  II I  at  rut  till.;  ■ 
r  11    vin  III'  llti\   llirw-  iiiilt-a  '111  r  ■«  tliltirall  oaiutrji  foaii  Miririak 

-••-■-  Ujr. 


UP    AND   DOWN   THK   AMOOR 


2!>7 


T  hail  ;i  jiriMif  ill  tlii«  \i\i\pr  nf  tho  rnro  tiik<>ii  in  watili  mir 
l>rcM  ■'(■■liii^-.. 

All  ('iiii>^;irv  lia<l  left  (li:il  M'i'v  iiioriiinu.  <'>  .iiiikiiiiki' 
■  iiir  joiiriiry.  till- iifWrt  lit' wliii'li  li.nl  lii-i-ii  tiaiwiiiilti'il 
friiiii  (tiiliii  liy  mil' III'  liin  ciiiiiitryiiii'ii.  'I'lif  linlilhiiis 
tolil  iiif  iiflfrwanU  lliat  it  lias  Ihtii  llic  miiiiii  lliin.;  at 
rvi'ry  jilai'i- wlii'i'i'  I  liail  liallril,  ami  that  tlii' aiitii'>rji  ii  s 
III  till'  I'^iiri,  iiml  III'  till-  Siiiiiriiri,  nvci-c  waiiiril  iit'imr 
H|  |iriiai-li  liiii;i  Im-I'iiit  our  arrival. 

Tilt-  last  I'stalili^liiiiriit  lit  till'  (lilvakM,  iiii  asniiiliiii,' 
till*  Aiii'Hir,  i->  Ailli,  iir  A'l/.i.  a  villa,'i'  nf  til'ti'i'ii  liiitn. 
{i    larli  III' ulili'li  at    |im>I    ••i^'lilci'll   |iiisiiii-,   lii.|:;i'il.       'l 

i<   till iiiiiT' iai    nlitli'    lit'    till'    Malit'lilH     in    tl.iir 

triiliiii;  triiwh'iiiiiiH  uiili  tin'  *iii\ak-i  ami  tin'  I  inlili  uis 
It  is  aUr  iliiif  tli.it  tliiir  iii|iiJily  inaiiiCi'^ti  ilHi'jf  in 
nil  it^<  liiiloMiMir^-.  Hut  till  \  iIm  iixl  sjiiTiihiti-  with 
lilraiii;rri  ;  llii-y  iiii'li  r^t  unl  liii-iiii  >-  miiu-Ii  liritir  'liaii 
III  triiit  Willi  tli)-iii  .  'Iii'ir  mily  ii'>|i'<  t  is  tn  ki'i'ji  tlii'iii 
nt  ;i  ilislaliri-  trniii  tin'  III  irki'l.  ami  In  liiilr  tiji'ir  |ir'> 
r.i'.|iii'»-  rrmii  tlii'iii,  Wli'ii  I  I'Vi'ii  waiitcil  to  Imv  u 
hull'  lisli  I'm  my  i|ii:;s  tliry  asknl  iih'  tin'  imi>t  rxtiava- 
j;aiit  prii'i',  in  nnli  r  tn  nh|i;;i'  im'  In  ijivi'  ii|i  my  jnin'm'V. 
I.inkilv  that  I  -ciw  ilirnii!»h  tliiir  nhjiit  ;  I  hail  a  will- 
liiit'il  pnr'u-,  aiii|  I  siilimitii'il  withmit  a  I'mwii  ti  tln'ir 
•xartinii''.  Tiny  Will'. I  nil-  tiki'ii  ahaik  at  tin'  ^nml 
liiiiii'iiir  with  will,  li  I  ill. Mil  my  sill' In  III'  Iji'i'.iil  At 
Ailili,  IS  ill  all  till'  nllnr  \illa^i'sui'  |i.i.|  |i.i^-.i'.|.  ih.' 
fiilviks  WiTi'  lilii-l  hii'|ill.ililr  III  IIS  ;  wi'  win  l.i  lln m 
tin-  jiiniiri'rs  nf  a  i'i\  ili^  il  mil  wliirli  will  nin  i|  ly  rnl 
llii'iii  III'  tin-  a\  iriiinii>  M  iiil'  lin-. 

t  lii.i'    Imm.iiiiI    Ailili.  I    t'liiii'iil    iiiln   il iiilrv   nt' 

till'  ( in|i|iaii>. '  .1  |H'ii|ili'  'I  'riiii'^iiM-  nri-^iii  I  |ia-^i'.| 
I  i|iii||v  tliriiii'.;h  tin'  \  ill.i'^i'S  n|'  K  ih.'a  ami  Ni:iii','i, 
liili'-ti'il    Willi    Maiili'lias.    ili'.iuii   tlnii'  liv  tin    trnh-    in 


hi'avir  .■.kills  ;  afti'r  tlii'in  lliiTi'  is  iinlliin;;  hiif  •.'li-aniiiK. 
All.T  |ias.<iii^'  Ihf  imiiith  nf  the  (imyn,  I  .iriivnl  at 
Ki'iiniii,  wIm'Ii'  ,1  lat.il  fi'MT  r.iu'i'il,  ami  wIhim'  ravjiu'is 
r.ttiinli'il  as  fir  as  ihr  .<<iiiiifiiii.  Yrt  ihi'  villai;i'.s  tjiat 
wi'ii'  illssi  niih:iii',l  alniiu' this  Ini.'t  nf  .•ntiniry  uli'  |i<i|iu- 
Iniis,  ami  ail'  siiiiali-.l  in  ii-^iniis  nf  ii'inalkahlc  li'i'tility. 

I  II  still  hill'  fill-  Ittn  ij.iys  in  a  viil.i;;!'  ^llllat^'l|  at  ill  i 

I' 'hnftlii'  liixir  ."siiii;;:iii,     I  oliliiiiii'il  snim'  \;ilin'il,> 

inrnrmali.iii  in  ii'^'anl  in  tlii.s  liv.T.  In  winii  r  limi-, 
hy  as... mini:;  it  with  il..:.'  slii|;f,s,  I'nrt  Impi  linj  i-nii  !..• 
ria.  Ii.'il  in  si'Vi'ii  iliys.  'riiis  |iiiit,  kiinun  aNn  hn 
Ifaiaiiiiit  I.  has  Imi'Ii  takiii  |ins.s('ssiiiii  nl  l,\  ihr  linssi;,ns, 
whn  ha\.    Iiajitisi-ij    il  |,y  tin'   iiaiin'  <>(  I 'iinsiiini  imn ,|(. 

'»   -I" '■"■    liim-  till-   iipiility  nf   thr   iiiiiiiit    n  inhis 

iia\  i^ialinii  inni'li  imi^i'i-  ami  mmli  iiinii'  ilillj.  nil.  | 
iml  at  this  si. It  inn  .'i  Cliilii'.si'  Imiihalit,  W  lin  asli.nlshiil 
nil-  hy  his  ii|ititiii|<i  I'nr  laiiyiiii«is  hikI  .siill  mnii'  sn 
hy  till-  ti'iia' in  ami  tlm  in;;iiniity  ttjiiih  hr  ili.s|.|aM'il 
in  his  iiiihIi'  ,,f  >imly  lli'  awaits  thi'  |iii.s>ii.jf  hy  ol 
IJilssiaii  traili'snii'ii  ;  hn  a|i|iina(liis  ihilii.  aihliissis  him- 
si'lltn  (hi'in.  ami  l.y  i.'i'.siiiris,  «  hin  hr  r.inmil  iln  ,.||„.r 
«is.',  hii  rrsniiiicly  I  ima'ji's  till-  iniiM  I'satinii.  aii'l  ii.sk» 
'In  III  I'll- a  h'ssnn  nf  ;,'i,ininiar.  nr  tin'  i'\|i|aiialinii  nf  .1 
ti'W  wni'ils,  ami  taki's  ai  iln-  s.i iinii'  lanfnl  imti'S. 

•J'lt-i  1;/'  />ri;i,,/„r.  -'J'jii'  xillaiii'  nf  Mill  is  sitn.itiil 
in  a  must  )iiiiui.'s,|m.  |,nsiiinii,  ai  ih,-  1,,,^.  ,,f  ;i  rWiY, 
iml  h.iviii','  ill  finiil  a  Iiiri,'i'  lakr.  iiil<'rs|„i's,.,l  wnh 
isj.imls  iiihil.it,  ,1  hy  Cnlili.in..  Thi'  mail  hail  hi'rnino 
i|Miti'  liM|iiai'lii'ahli'  mar  this  silhiyr.  i(  wiis  iii'i-rsMirv 
In  |i:is.s  alniiy   a  lialintt   anil    stc'.'|i  hracli.   cnMI'i'd    with 

'•>i"l' il»  III  is-i's  nf  i,|..      On  arriviii;;  lit  Idiliii,  I  fmiml 

till'  villa^i'  ih'.si  itcij  'riic  iiiliiiliitalils,  trnilinl  ill  lln' 
|.ii..,<ri'ss    ,,f  ihi-   jii'siil, .,!,.,._    hail   laki  11   rifiiL'i'    in    tho 


'    111!'  U..l.lun»  |ir.iti'sii  till'  ^tii'tiiiii  rris'.l.     'l'lii'_\  itn*  n  liiniiiii;f 

l<i...|i!*',  ;t  »ti-|iiii  iiih .III I  till*  lisiiiiij  trilii'4.     Ill  M'vrriil  nt'ilii'ir 

tll'.itf.-*,  Iii-m»  ili.l  i',i|*|.-«  .iri'  i)'iiii.'*lii  atril;  I 'ml  is.  lln*  liirill  T  .trii  I 
luisiiiiiti  sl.itisl  II  M'|Rir  II-  iini'l  iiriiis,  l.tr  nist  liki'.i  |h'ii|'.ilif  wiili  ' 
wimili'ii  piliii.'s  ws  linsl  .it  Ilii'  t-.p.  a.i.l  till'  l.ilIiT  .ir.'  snuH'tiui -h  , 
III  ratfi-ii,  lull   .iri'  a«ii.ilh  I'lij  insl  t  1  ;i  st.i  ii|i.      I'lii*  Uiir  t«  ln-l.l  in    j 

jfTi-at  M r.ili.i-i  liv  tli-si'  |»  .1  .1.',  wti  .  It  sl.i.v  iinlrli  rurr  III!    Ill  11; 

hi>  ilw  lliiii;  !•  ki'pl  I'l.'iti  I  .il  11.'  i<  it.'li  II'  I  III  sli.irl,  il  iitiy  In' 
•aiil  llui  III*  l<'.iiU  till' III.'  it  I  i:i'iilli' 11  111.  liviit.'  ill  liixiiiy,  :ia  I 
nis-.viii^  ('%1'iy  nlti-iili.iii.  Ittit  iit  LiKl,  itiili«tllisiiiiiiliii^  tito 
niil'-urnii;  I'tiiilii'ls  ..I*  will  .iii.l  lir-.tlirr  nliii'i  iii^r  Ihs-h  l.ivi.li  .( 
iiM  him.  III'  !•  I.rn  i,;lit  ..ii'.  iMriili-'l,  i'\  iiiiiiii'il,  -|i|ir.ivi>.t,  ivi'i-^y'i  -.1, 
iiiiil  t  tii-ii  iMrlMfiiiulx  iiiiinl.  risl  t.i  ti'i^l  .til  liis  i'r.rinU.  i'ln^  is 
111.'  •uTiliiv  iiii  till'  lin'il  Itilli.ill  Ki'slii.llt.  III.'  liilil  hh, 
ii«  lilt  III!'  Ki'.  iiiii'll*.  Hiiiii*  .if  till-  K.il  ..I*  ttilN'«,  ii'iil  riiii4ii...tti«, 
|in.v  ill'  Il  I'ir  .lisi-4«i|  liri''lir.  11  n.lli  ill  i|i.'  t  i.il«  111. 1  i  ii|i|.'  n,.  irs 
t.ns-««.iri  1.1  I'lulili-  liiiii  1.1  miry  III  lit«  ir i.|i.  nr  u  rii|i.lMii  m 
till' l.itiil 'if  i;li  i>l<  If  llrs  ilaty  U'  lu'iil.  .l.-il,  lln  y  Ulii'ti'  Hut  j 
III*  al'iril  M.imli  rs  liir  I  ti-r  llir.i  ife'li  il.irit  .ml  Iimii.iI  tnn'sti.  n  i>i.  | 
mit  Itii.liiii;  it  |iUis'  <>(  n-st,  lln'  riutmii  \  irii'i  iiin.itii;  ititrrri'  it 
|ttii|ili',  liiit  j.l  li'iiil  III  till.  «ji  111'  I  ml.  K.ir  iiiHliini'i',  tin. 
Kirtfliis  rlri  f  liK  Ilii  r.itiitirili' li.irx'  Imrii.!  \iili  hi  n,  lliit  In.  iii;  y 
till  la' iSMiiii  ll.sl  t.iM.iU  111  hin  k'>i'»<l>  't.ili'.  n  lliiti;:  III'  iilili'i's 
niH'n  livtii.;.  lln*  Kihii'ii-kii  iiii'l  K  iU.i«  li.i\'ii  tln-ir  vv.':i|i.iiis, 
rliil Inn,  mill  III  iili'itii'ira  |.l.ir.il  in  llnir  i.'ri\i's.  1  .it  lli.'i  in.iy 
ii|i|n'.ir  •iiil.ilily  .i|.|..ir.  Ilisl  l«r.ri'  tliiir  fr  •  Mil-,  iiinl  ilil.  t.i  iiijufi- 
iiitlmr  iiTiliiLity  |iiir'<iiit«  It'll  tin'  I'titijii'i'  nii'i'S  hav.' v.ii  inas 
■  rtii'Ui  |il.ii-is|.iii  ili.ir  i{nni'»,  1.1  U'  n-aily  f.ir  "itmivIIh'  111  iiiiiit 
liny  iiMnltr  iM.ii  »iiiit  tlii'y  isiiianhr  In  la'  llii'ir  li'iii|i.iniry   rr|i.i»i'. 

Ihv  li.'lili  ainliitliiT  irilm  luiti'a  >li.-lil  l>ii'i»l.ili;i'  nf  Ktr iiii\, 

11  kiiiiHUifi' i->>iiiiii.>ii  |.i  till.  .\»t,iiu*  r.iis-*.  hIi'i,  ilitrliint;  111  v. --.I 
I'liiiK,  'um-  I  .'  •!.»«,  full  iifiiii,  I.M  111. 11  unit  i;iiiil  .,  Mr. 
.\Ikiii>.i|i  ^iti-s  a  jairlr  III  III  .1  O.il.tiiii  Ik  lli'.  mlii  hit);.'  piM.  n 
riiii.'s  ill  In  r  i'ir«  nii.l  mum';  whili*  tl.r  111.11  ur.ii  liiiji  .  I  iri.h. 
rii|i|M-r,  iiti'l  *tl\.r,  1.11  llnvr  tlniinlis  11. 1  liiiifrrs.  Tin'  \liiii|;.' <  « 
«ri'  a  uiiiilnr  r.BS-.  Tiny  l-.tli  laiin;  highly  liiilliilivi'.  I  ni' 
lirifi'ly  H.lii|itiil  Itnuiijii  ami  t'.i».irlt  rnatiiiiin  I  hey  nilliMiti' 
till'  line  »rt>  111  hi' iliisiriti'.ii  ..f  thiir  il.itliiiii;.  ^si>ll|.  i.l  il.nr 
Hnirli'*  i.f  ilr.«.  in-  In  iiittl'nl.  II  nr  r.iiM  .mil  Imi*  .it'  Itir.-li  li:irk 
■nr  grjia  III!  n.  Inriii  ni.tl  iluwli-l^  iiriiuiiit'iilisj,  tin-)-  .ilinnlt  U-giii  In  ; 


liiy  ii.iili- tlii'lr  li'.li  utiii  isivcriii);!!,  pill  nn  Kiii..|ii-iiii  r..>iiiiiii-.  mi ' 

il|ii-.lk   tin-   Kllsniiitl  la<  ',;i|.l)fi'. 

I  hi'  Tartiirs  nl' iliiri-ri-tit  ismiitrii's  .mil  r.-n-i'  ililli  r  wiil.Iv  in 
r.ciiril  111  riisiuim-,  h  .|  i.|>i  n  rt.n  in  |.h_\siiii;iiiiiiiy.  Il.i'  1 111  l.ir- 
I  lnms«.  isi|,liir\.  r  r  i-^aiiipli'.  ,111'  lin  t°i..in  iKiil'ii-ii-.itin.'  11,  tlir 
llilir.    till-     iMi-hisl    iM.-i'    111    ll.|.    .Miiiiifiiii;!!,.    )ii-in-i.illy,    willnMil 

lilMlH;  Hill   iii-ipin  ill st  i-itnily  iil.litirnli-il,  ;i»    in    lln-    m.liiin-.- 

iil  III.-  K  linni-k  I'iiitaK.  u  Im  i  hm  ulii  n  mily  tnn  li..|i-<  lilt  :tlii'i 
li.iM- aU-i  till'  l.-iij  i-niMil  minis..!  tin-  rair,  Iml  lln  lyi-,  ;ii,. 
ii'.l  an  Willi'  iipint  It*  ill  w-iin-  inri-s,  I  nr  ml  siiiiill  iiIIh-iI  Innt;, 
lis  at  .illniii.  Ihi'  iniM',  u»  uill  la-  atrn  in  lln-  illu.iralnin,  nl 
tin'  I'  larliirs  nf  M.iiilrlni  nn-i'  is  ii.il  h  ,ilU  nnnli',  iln-  niiiiilli  is 
Inli-ralily  >iiiall.  iiii  1  llio  i-ar>.  Ill.■ll^;ll  l.tii;.  iirr  lint  i-tn»isl  hark, 
iiK  »itn  till-  Iniit'iisi'  inil  Ihu'iilt-.  .Ml  Tarlsi--.  i-n  11  tin.  Kal- 
tnin-i.*,  Hiiir  lln- r  mi.nls  hki'  thi'  lliiniM'.  uah  tl.i.  Iintnllo 
la'-'iiiil  iiiiil   llii'    I I    in   (.s.iii    -II  II  .il  liny  1  in   Liilriwii  ri-..ni 

la-llill.l.       Till-    lunar    prirliri'    nf  »h:i\  ili-j  ihr    lir.nl,  uilll    lln-    i\- 

i'i')ili..ti  III'  11  sii  ;;li'  liil'i,  Mhii-|i  ia  iilliiuril  t.i  1:1-.. i\  n«  l.ir^i*  as 
|>.>s<ili|.-,  :itnl  vtliii-li  is  pl.iilisl  intii  11  inil  hy  lln-  K.ilkiis  an  hy  thn 
t'liiniM',  rt.is  I'nriiil  n|»'ii  tin'  ChiinM-  hy  tin-  I'a.  p.r-r  k  ii.i;  liiii, 
hIki  ill  rrlnrti  nlilt^i'il  tl-i*  !  artars  In  inlnpi  tin- Clntn  si- i-.isiniiii*. 
His  iiliji'i'l  W.I*  1.1  as>iiniliili' tin-  Iwii  naliiiiis.  Tin- T.u-liirriii -ilryi 
III'  ivh.ini  w--  li.i\i'  In'. ml  s  1  minli  liti-ly,  Iih.I,  ipi;ti-  j.naily  in  llnir 
r.iiniil  sh.ik-.s,  sli.irl  i-n-ki'ii*,  tii-il  hau'  Innisris,  ait>l\till  ailipti'il 
l.ir  tin-  siirl  nf  .Inly  uliii-h  tiny  iin- i  allril  ii|»iii  In  |s-ir.iniiiii 
lln-sr  i-iiiiiitry.    llut    nf  11    kiml   i.f    Imr-i   jHilin-       I  nilir  a  imini 

rllli.-llli  llinl  iT'iti-rtna-  l.i.   aii.-n-l   liliylliiln.'  Iliiuhl   la-    lliaili'nf  mirll 

raw  inalrnal  viilni'ss  ihr  iMi  -iilh-il  ('ii-»ari.»  nr  larlar  i-ai.iliy  ol 
Kiis-ia,  III  mIiiiiii  tlii'l'r^ir  m  ii."ri'  liiili-htnl  Inr  lln  1  xti  iisinii  nf 
his  i'iii|.iri'  in  .'\4i.1  than  In  all  ^iM  Mn«i'<.\iti-  ri-"i<iiri  i-*,  ii\il  nr 
tnili'iiry.  I  ariiirs,  nt  all  niis's,  a'n  {intlirnliiriy  tniiil  nrsi-nilil 
i-i'lnnr-..  ami  iiiatiy  a  khan  w..n1il  >.>'inr  l'h  »itli'>iil  his  ^l.a-l  Ih.in 
Ills  M-aili-t  r-.U- 111' o-r.  iminy.  Tin- lanms.  ..i  Tartar  pi  n  st-.  alniii 
ith-i-t  yilliiw  1- .fiiirs.  Iliii  Mmnriiain  r.irlar*  nl  Hi-  i  a»l  ami 
Hi-«t,  iinil  iili.i  iiri-  sniil  1.1  Ihivr  ill-lit.  il  tin  ir  n  iiiii-s  rr.iiii  thn  11  nu 
•  ni.s  ..f  .Mm/ I  Kuan  r.iri.ir  a>  il  Mi.|.'n!,  .  r  Miiiiiil  1"  lli.siniri 
Iti^ia^  i|.-i;i.|iii-  ill-  T.irtnri--,  traihnli'  ilii  .Maiin-riil  Tartarf 
if  Uiiilira-i  liny  II.I  ir  Chilli.  "  p.  'i')  am  .In-ssnl  siiiiiily  inr.  Itnn 
kl.irlM,  trnv%si.r«.  anil  r-ilW-s,  with  >hi-('p-sl,.i{H  lai-r  Ih.-  it  Im.Ii',  rhiI 
rnl  lasitd,  hill  Ilii'ir  khan-i  aliil  •iiltuni  oi'.ir  K.irlit  rnln-s. 


w 


Ifp 


'11 


i  ill' 


I J 


I'll 


2ff« 


ALL   ROUND  TIIK   WORLD. 


WikxIh  ;  tlii'ir  InitM.  pliwril  at  i\  ilislaiirf  Ii.mh  nut 
aiiiitlii'r.  Ii->liliti|  t"  till'  rciilaiiiiiiis  rli  u.h  lir  i-l"  tin' 
lliali'lv.        Kliii'_'l:lliiilis    lOr   oltrti    ri'iii'ucil    aliinll^;  llii' 

fiilii'-.  I'l'  llif  Ai f. 

Till'  luMi-  I  Iniiilnli  I 'lira  llnws  iiitii  till'  A  111' "ir  nil  till' 
linlit  l.aiik.  ill  trmit  nf  a  vijlajji'  limit  in  |.ait  <iii  ti-rnt 
liinul  ami  ill  I'alt  nil  islallils.  I  timk  tra  ill  a  |«N.r 
llllt    «lliUt    a  ('•■•<-ai'k    Wi'llt    to    ill'tlill    li'-ll    I'nf   IIIV   lln;^-. 

'ilii'*  i.'nnii   man   li  I'i   IiImIIchiI  liit  tin  iri's   nf  his  nun 

^ I    will.      A    liiilr    riii'tlii'i at    Kiiri'iii.   a  lilili' 

statinii,  <'iiMi|i">>  <l  III  Illy  t»n  lull  .  tin-  tlnMiaiis  rami' 
llllt  111  llirtt  nil',  ami  lirl|iiil  I  In"  i|ni<s  to  illa^  till'  >lt'ili;i'-> 
nil  till'  lii'arli,  wlii'li  at  this  |i|ai'i'  was  viry  sti'i'|i 
Tlw  »  Wlllll'ii  ll.l|i|iV  ill  lirilll,'  nf  ll-i-  t'l  IIS.  \\<!  hail  till 
Iniilti-r  til  ilii  witli  tin-  Maiitili'is  Yil  »!•  wi'i-f 
.•i|i|iiiiailiiii'4  llirir  frniilirrs,  wIhii-  I  nut  wilji  a 
iiinii'  kiiilly  n'ii-|itinn.  hnwrvrr,  than  I  r..ii|.|  Ihm' 
antiri|ialril 

'riir\illau«"f  •"*>Zlis  thilr-iililii fa  M  ml'  lninlli'iT 

(.N''r|i.  3lll)iliari."  I  in  tin- ^Mianl  nf  t  lie  liniiliir.  Ilir.' 
rii\i<l  nil'  |Hi|iitlN,  j^i\.'  nil'  an  cMi'liiiil  ii|ia'l.  ilnniii,' 

lllc  rnll>lllil|>li"ll  nf    »liirll     III'    i|i^|ilaM'i|   I  III-   \iinri|   ill 

liirmatiiiii  ami  ;; i  in  iiiiii'l'snf  an  ciliiraliil  (  liinanian. 

Ills  stair  WIS  ••  .|n|iri-ril  K'i  I  M'.  I'llaiv,  twn  Iniskns 
..!•  I'ni'iKii'alrt,  mill  li\t'  atli  iiilaiits,  I'liis  i-tiinal.li' 
tniirtiiilial'V  l'i'|i'i.si  h  liim^ilf  fl'nni  his  a'liiiinistraiiM' 
I  ilk. Ills    |i\     till-    swi'i't-.   nf  I'liliiimrri'.       Hi'    i\i|ian;;is 

»  nil  till  inli  iliitaiil.t  of  Ins  1 1 1^1  I'll' t  tiiliai'ii  ami  I  'hill 

s|>irit.s  f"!-  till-    \alilalili'   sklli.Hnt    liiaMI'^.       Ill    all    lliil 
onnrii'iiM  Ills  a'lmini^lralinn   In-   is  <  a>\  aii'l   imliili-iiii, 
llllt  ill  uiial  I'nmi  I'll'*  Ills  I'l'mmi'i'i'i'  In'  is  wilh'iiit  |iil\ 
W'lH- t<i  tin- |"ini' <  inlilian  who  hliniiM    III' tai-ily   in   tin' 

■  liliMTV   nf  iJ.mmU    iil'ih  Ii'iI.  nr  wIm     slinlll'l  ilali-    In    |ili' 

SI  lit  hini  a  mii.'Im  ilniililfnl  -km.  Tin'  Inililiiiis  nl' 
.'s\/-i  i'illti\  .ill'  with  siirii— 1  till'  I  hllH  M'  rahli  iiii'.  Ualis, 
|iuiii|ikiiii<.  miiniis,  iiml  if.iilii- 

'  nntiliiiiii;.'  ••!  niasl  I  111- .\  mn.  ir,  I  |a-«i''l  tin- t  l"l'liali 
\  illagfs  nf  .M>  t-iir  aiiil  "f  Ki'l-\  r.  aii>i  I  li'iilml  rnniii. 
at  till'  liiiiiithiif  till'  I  -ni'i  Tin-  iliiiii  nf  umiiiitiins 
wliu-li  inns  al  ili'.'  tin-  VallrV  nl  tills  riM'r  is  riHi-lril 
'>itli  I. •lists  nf  u.ik,  I  ilrh  ami  I'lil  iT,  anil  is  linintiil 
'  \  will!  I.ia-sis,  llllt. III. .n.sly  hy  tii,'>t-.  'I'liis  ii niliji' 
lii.u<t  nf  |il'>-v,  »  III!  Ii  has  lii'i-n  liithi'i'ln  innkiil  n{Hin  a- 

tin- |i.\l'lll»H<'  pi'-l     nf  till'   «  .lI'imT    I'l'liliills    nf   sMllI  lli'lll 

.\sia,  I'M'i'i'isi'S  ii-  ili'|>ii'ilaliniis  as  far  as  ihi'  l," irijr.s  1 1| 
till'  Altai  ami  thi'  ^  l.n.iiiiinis,  licvmnl  tin'  tiltii'lli  ili'iji'ii' 
nf  latitinh',  ax  ha.s  Ih-i'Ii  i'.s|alili-hi  i|  hy  llniiil'nlilt  in 
Ills  "Asii-  t  .  iiii.ili',''  ami  I'V  Atkitis<iii  in  Ins  ({i-i'al 
viik  riiiitliij.  •  ( liii'iti  il  ami  Wi'sicrn  Sil.i'i-i.i."  Tin' 
|.n|piilatiiin  nf  till-  \alli'y  ..f  (hi-  I'-iiri  is  aliiin-t  snlcly 
rnni|"-iil  nf  I'liiiii'M'  ri'iiiyii-  Till'  lainls  that  tliry 
I'liltivatr  arc  Vi-iy  |ii'iiiliii'ti\  •-.  luit  tin  v  liavi'  m>  rattli', 
SUM'  what  tiny  iix-  fur  lilliii;;  tin-  lami  Thi'  iiiri's.saiil 
attarks  cif  liiiiT-  jiiit  it  mii  >>{'  llnir  |i..«.r  lo  lai-f 
Innls 

•I'.Ul,       "/■       />..'.H|/'.-/'.   --|;.\..||.|        l>Mkl.       I        Inmi'l       till' 

Matiiill  wliirli  till'  Uii.sniaii  <  .'ns^uii'ks  hail  Iniimh'il  III 
li'iilit    nf    till'    \  ilhiL't'    nf  SaU  '    aliaiiilniii'il       'liny  linl 

•  |iiilti''l  ii   111   iiiitiimn.  llllt   hail    Irft   tin-ir   lim-i  -  llnri', 

iUi  lln-y  ill    lint    li.iM'    lra\<'r«>-il    thi'    Inar^ln's    nf   tlir 

h'ft  liaiik  I  w.i-  .iIiIii'imI  tn  M-|iiir,ili'  frniii  iii\  i;ihii1 
'I'lUs.  » lin  liail  rarrii'ii  lll«-  omt  u  ili-laii  i'  nf  l.'ilHI 
MTktK  in  iiini'ltM-M  ilats.  ImIIs  iiiclmliii  I  rniiM  mi< 
liaM'  «ihln'<l  till*  aiivthilit;  U-tlir  th.'ili  In  rniiliniii'  tin' 
>aiii<-  uiihI.'  o|  truM'l,  llllt  I  rniilil  III)  Iniiui'l' i.litain  tin- 
i|Unii«.ir:\    "I    ti.h    Milliriinl    tn   fi'i  il    thi'lii    willi         I    a'' 

•  iiMttirily  >iii|i'.i\  •.iiri'.l  tn  nliiaiii  hiii-is  fnr  lii\sfl|  aii'l 
nty  I  l|—lirk.s.       ISclutu  nbluilllllg  tin'  Jirl'mi».slnii  t"  jlll- 


rliasi'  tlnni,  I  lia<l  to  i.'rl  ovit  tin'  ill  will  nf  iho 
.Mantrliii  luillinrili  s  nf  tJn-  Siini.'iri.  \S  hiKl  I  wim 
lli'i;iilialiiii{  tills  matt)  r.  w  liii'li  ih'taiin'il  iiii'  iinh  sh  I  bull 
twi'Ui'ilays  at  Sal\  i.  a  liiililiali  liiniit;ht  inln  thi'  llllt 
ill  wliirli  I  Was  In.lirini;  ail  (■mirniniis   ii;.'ir,  which   ho 

hail  Nii.c Icil  in  siaviii:;.     lie  plainl  tin'  lica-l  n|iii;,'lit 

a;,'iinsl  till'  w.ill.  ami  all  the  iiih.iliilaiits  nf  I  In-  \illai;i' 
lainc  In  |ii  rlniin  a  ci'i'i'iiiniiy  lufmc  it  wliii  h  sccnnil  to 
111' |iaill\  linili'-i|iic  ami  paitly  s»'iiniis,  hut  which  was 
ccriainly  maikcil  liy  im  little  ainniint  «i'  Mii|H'i'.stitinn  . 
llicy  saliiliil  the  ihail  lij,'ii'  with  liialks  nf  (hc|.i'st 
rc.s|icct,  iiilili'c<r.iiii;  it  lis  "  .My  l,<.ii|,  "  ami  iK'Htfinj;  it  to 
ai |it  llicir  iiio.-l  n-|iicifnl  liomiiyc. 

Itclwccii  the  (Uiiii  ami  the  Snni^aii,  the  li^lil  lialik 
of  the  A  iiinoi-  rises  n|i  ami  inciciits  a  ili-tiii-t  ciiiim  iilly 
ai|a|ilci|  for  ciilliv.ilinii.      'i'he   left  hank  is,  mi  the  cnii- 

tiaiy,  Iniimlnl  hy  the  waci-sof  the  river,  which,  Il I 

in^'  the  lamls.  i;i\i  s  hirth  to  channels,  lakes,  creeks  anil 
inai'-hes. 

•l!*lli  J'l.iiKirii.  iS'i".-  AliiiM'  S.iUi,  the  iliiljali, 
which   ha.s  its  mhii'ii'   m   the    iliiii^liaii.    i'm|ilics  iiM-lf 

into  the  .\ r.  hy  the  left    h.ilik.       I  llie  nf  the  alllllcllls 

of  thi'*  rixer  merits,  in  a  mil.illiiri.'ical  point  nf  \icw. 
a  inii-,t  >|.eiial  alteiilinii  \ic.  iilins;  In  t  he  htalcmciits 
of  the  llnlilians,  laini  Ihe  of  .si!\cr  are  to  li)>  nict  with 
on  it-,  hinks,  which.  Iroiii  the  ilcscri|>lii'ii  m.-nle  to  in,- 
of  llniii,  Inii-t  he  nf  the  >aliin  fnliniti'iii  lis  iheiilneii 
tifemiis  telliiiiiini  of  the  I't-.i!  ami  the  Altai.  'i'lie 
I  loliliaiH  >les|iise  this  trcasill'e,  or,  to  sjieak  im'ie  cor- 
rectly, il  in-|Mri's  ihiiii  with  n  Miperstii  inns  lin-nl.  I  he 
iiioi.il  •.eii-.e  of  uiii.li  can  i-.ca|H'  iio  i.m-  'I'I.ey  sa\, 
llllt  I  he  111  all  w  ho  has  t  lie  nii-lm  I  nnc  lo  unit  lalm  Ihe 
of    -ll\'r    in     lie'     liiiijui'     i^     h.inntcil    \>\     inalixnant 


'  S|ii'il.iii;j  iif  llii<  vii'iiiitv,  Mr.  .MkiiiMiti,  wliii  i«  ••vm«ln'n' 
|>'u'tiiri'>i|iii',  lull  lot  11.'.  iiiiil  lull  nl  \ii  tiiilili'  iiirMriiiitiiiii  n.ita, 
".\l  lli>s  {i.iit  fi  -nil'  nl  tti<-  npiirs  III'  till'  'I'l  111 i|. Mil  !>«'  inn  i|iiitr  ilnu  n 
I  1  till'  iiv.  r  ami  \"  m  ».  \i-ral  Mikv  lii'.iillainl-.  iiiil  all  tin-  iiriin.  nt 
itie  Aiii'Hir  Ihroiih'  iiiiitt-il  inr*  nue  ^-rciit  »1ri;iiii,  tl.at  rnlU  mi 
w  IliiHti  iiili'i  rii{iii'iii  till  il  fttititi-s  it.a:iisi  till-  Ik  111  risl>\  )  ni- 
i-'iitnry  nt  Siir-sni,  t'rnm  wli.di  it  is  tlirn^ui  I'ai-k  in  ^liist-  nl  wliitc 
•am.       A    little   U'Xniul   iln-   Siir  knv,   in  tin-    .\r):is.ii  iiml    t'liii 

lillll-d    llllIlMlHf*        hlH-ll'^    ilt'lilill'.*        fti'll      I  I'Pliliti.lt  ••        III     11     Klil'lll        lil-lllll'lllll 


I       ' 


UP   AND    DOWN   TDK   AMooR. 


2i)9 


npirit'<  fur  tlic  rrtif    nf  liis  liCr,      I  cmilil  ii't    iiin-c  tliis  wliiili    ihry    m>'i  iiiii|i:iiilii1    liy    lir.»rtv    nliuki-M    nl    iIh- 

liclirf   til    its   iii-iu'iii  ,    -till    li-M  niiilil     I    Mi'iiy   ii|i   III  Imiiil.      'I'lir  Milli^y  III' till    ri.iii>ii,  nr  III' tlif  Niniimiiliiiii, 

»ii:it    |iiiilll   till-  I'Siiti-llri'   111'   I  lilies    lis    |||i|ii':il  ril  tn  llii'  :i^  I  llis  rivir  is  ilisiylliiliil    uli    mHiii'  lllil|is,  |nihilils  v:iHt 

is  iinl    liiliiiliiiH  ;    t>>i°    till'   rivulet,    nii  tlie  linrili'i'^   nl'  |il.iiiis  nl'    \ii'i,'iii   -ml,   wliieli    Ntniilil  ninst  aliuii>Liiiil\ 

wlliell    tliry    lire     met    willi,     lliiweil     lit     11     ili-lilliee    nl  le«;iii|     I  lie    liilmiirH   (iltlie    riill  j\  aliir,    >iv    tlio   eiile    nl' 

JIMI     miles     I'liilll     wllel'e     |     uiis.       The    ( iii|i|i;llis,    ||ii\v  I  lie  lil|.sli;i||i|iii;i||.        Ari'iil'ilili'jr    til    t  lie  .slillellielit    iil'   the 

ever,  KiiM'  me  -iiiiif  t'lirtlier  iiiliirmiitiiiii,  wliieli.  il'  it  is  iMlives,  there  iire  iii inliies  im   the  iel'l  luink  ul'tlit' 

inrreet,    limy  lem|it   tnivellers    til  e\|iliire  the    rei>iii||   ill  liver     tllllt    will     U'lir    eii|il|iill'lsiil|    III    ihiy,     nr    even    til 

i|iiesliiili.       If,  as  tliey  have  ussiireil  iiie,  the  I  >iii|iii' lliiws  the    higher    jiarts    III' the    valley,  whieli  are   Mii'inUliileij 

t'lniii  west  tneust,  till- ili-laiiee  may  lie  reilue.il  til  Mxt\  liy    mMimtaiiis    aiiil    I'lire-ts,    alMiiiiiiliiii,'   ill    liir  1  eiiiiiiij 

thrie  miles.    As  to  m\>el|',  I  h  is  iiut  i{ii|iii{  iii  |iiirsiiil  mI  aiiiiiials,    nl'  i|iialilies    as    vaiimi-    a-    they    are    liiylilv 

a  llev»  ('ill  ill  ini  ill  ;    I  ill-elllharras-eil  m\  -ell'  nl   t  he  seillle  i-teillii  i|. 
live   visinli.        It    was    lint    lime    In   ijive   myself    ii|i    In  /•'././ i/n/;/  ."ic./.    -  .\    (■ii|iiliii-.,iir\    hill   l.iiii    Mill   I. lit   tn 


\iiiii  ami  ei!i|ity  ilnatns,  w 

tnrilliilalile    I'liekv    ilelile-   nfll 


hell    I    Uiis   ali'illl    III   fife    the       liH'i  I    lile     tlnlii    S;i;.'nlili    I    la,   ai.il     liaij    liiell     snliie     |i||| 


lii^lSiii  {■">  r  |i.   I'll),      uailliii;    III     the  lir-l   \illii;;e. 


Hell 


that   he  h.iil 


These  ilelilis,  at  the  Imit'im  nl'  wliii  li  llnw ,  the  Aiiinnr,  nnieis  In  aieniii|Miiy  iny  lniil.-lii|i  a>  far  as  In  thiriMr, 
exlelnl  n\  er  a  ili-lrii't  I'IH  v  i'I^i>  in  lem^lh,  wlnie  ill  is  alnl  thai  he  lell  hlliisell  mm  h  Imiiniii  illiv  t  he  mi-simi. 
alel    liail    mails.       'I'n    nveienllie    these    ililliriillies      The   ill-lm-lt  lull-  nl     I  lie  .Ma  llli'hils  1 1  »  al  ils  ll~  I'l  lllailieil 


iihl  tax  all  mv  i'niirai;e,  aiel  all   my  liitieii 


llie    same,   iiill     their    laelie--    hail    Mi'V  liillrh    I'lianueil. 


We  hail    nnthiiii'    ti 


US  aernss 


Iheih' 


■|i  i|<n 


Nnl     I 


laMii^ 


I.eell    alile    ti 


I  riM  lit    nlir    |Pi  lietUltlni.'    In 


mire-  ami  Im^s,  save  the  iiiii<i  t.iin  na  ks  nl'  sn.  nl  -iie  n,      the  he  ill    nl'  lie  ir  rniiiiliv.  I  hi\  m  emeil  aliximis  thai    I 


wlllill   were  lllnsl    ililliiillt     In    illseilll.       Til: 

Very  ileeji,  allil  We  sink    lllln    It   nlien  ll|>    1.1    the  Inr.i^l        ihar; 


le     -lliiM     li\       ^hnlll.j    iimI    iaii\    a«a\    Ullll   men 


lillil 


i|>lllli>ll    III    tl 


The  lii-'lits  were  csiMsiallv  frii'litlnl,  :iii.|  I    maile  iiii-e 


rt.     mil 


ihle  ilri'ams   eiiniii;h  as,  wiile  aw.i 

I   lie 


ke.    I 


Allir    a    II  «   liniir-'  lepiise    liny  maile    m 

ji'ij^i'     li;iriii  --I  il   W  nil   ii\ell     ihat     enllillii  II  I 

re 


linw  lllil{ 


l|'     IlllllU'rV    Wnlli 


li-leli     1    In    Ihe      iiie  .11    ihe  Mill  inn  |.;ire  III  a   !•  'yii</i"//7     .Mv  s|eil(;e  I 


{"anilL,'   nl     I  III! 


,l..l 


tli'irs  I 


II    the    ill^t.inre,    alnl    ill'      II. 


if    will 


a    |iei  iilialHV     I  I    rnli-llinlli'li    whiili    I    I'liliiinl 
i|      |pi-s  i.ver.  the    |in|e  ami   the  eharinl  wile  Immeil  hy  the 

lie  ilislinetly  seen  ii|hi|i  tl|esiiii\\,  I  V' 11  liy  the  iiiieeil.iiii      -aiiie  I'll f  » I.       I    hail    lli'iiuht    that   It  was  Use 

liyhl  nf  the  mnnll. 

At   last,  nil   ihe  '.'Nt,  ihil     is    tn    sav.  alter   I'mir  i|a 


In  lia\  e   m\M  II    h 


nueil    I'V   lll\    llnr 


lilt    It    »: 


ileti  rmilieil     that     I     sli'    ilil     I  liter    llie    illv     III     all    ill 


fati:,'ile  all 


.1  Mill 


enii''.  we  I  anil 


III',;  iiiln  a   jilaiM.  w  I 
I   I 


I.I  life 
lie   I   I'lilM  till  I 


:1L,'.1III   ..II  ili'Mi  111 


tni'inalilv,  am 


ll\       I.'    1      IS 


Uere    fa- 1 1  III  il   l.\    the  l.liilli 


l'|in-,e     l'..r    a     ilaV  III  iille   111'     the    sill 


•I  till 


irl. 


Til 


.||iliil—al  \ 


iil'l  iililv  In.st  line  hnr-e,  all 


I  that  I'rniii  liiiii.'er  rilhi  r     went     in  ailvame   tn   iiiii.ale   the   ie|a\-.      These  hall- 


lliaii     lallu'il' 


As    1 


e.iiitii I    mv    |iiiiriiey,    iii    Ihe 


ililli'lent    hills  thai    I    elltelVil    I     rnlll'l   nlilv    IimI 


W.illli'll        i{lllli'       III 


Mill     mull  Iplieil     till  lll-i  Ues    tn    nil    1  \telit    lliat    I  ennni 
e,     Wi     ~l..|.|ei|    eM  r\    li\eiir      ix   Vllstst. 


ami  eliililleli,  the  men    vMi-e  u'   H H    In  liniil.        Ill  lie-      I  haiiu'''   i.iir  "Mil         1    iiL'ietliil    ln\    train    il    ih.;;s.  that 


III 


iislileil.      v.iiir. 


|ii|H'  of  iililaillltl.'   |irnVI-lii||-,    I    |ia--ei|    uNel     iii    the    lell        «il 

li.iiik   nf  the    river  111  while  a   Maul,  lei  i.llir.  r 

He    reei'Ueil     ll-.i-iMlly    •  iltIi.     I. Ml    II  nl     ..lilv 

lial'leV   In  iill'er  lis,  nl   vl  lili  h  he  I  li'lie.l   ll.li   l,..|    |. 


I.i'JIi. 

ll  11.  Illl.l 


II  ini.iiii.ns    hi.r 


I    eliih 
ili-liai  linii  amiil  ihi-e  weariMiiiii 


liltle     |.|'iiei'i  iliie^^    l'\   i  {In  si  inliiiit;  t  he   inh   III .  nl  >  ii|.nii  I  heir 


.1  inii.'li      inanni'i'-.    ah 


lint 


fnr  h 


i.s  iiwii  i-iiiisiiniin  mil 


1 1  l|i|illy.    I     Mas    elial.leil    ll.  -I  ...II  as    I  al  1 1  In  I'll  .1   In  ii{. I'll   ll.li  V  el>al|i.|i   llie\  asillliii  i| 

mv    way    almi^    l.i     i    li  nl    inlialiile.)    liy     snine  a    iii\ -lei  inii-    In.  k.  e|.i||,'i,|   aiixiniisly  .iinni.il  ,   am',  il 

.Maiiai;riaiis,    wlin    i|i\iile.|    with    ine    a    wil.l    unal,    the  lhe\  |ieri  eiveil  lie  i  ninmissai  \ .  niilv  aii-\i  eieil  hy  liinlin 

I'l  Ill's   nf    their   |iin\  i  amis.      Tins    |ie||i  enalih'il    me   |.i  snIIiI.Iis,   seekim;    tn    elmle  my   i|ni-iiiiis:    ami    if,  in 

I'e.ieh   the    Minlihll     villages    nf    the    I'hiliesi      ill-lli.'t     n|'  ii|i|ert.i    will     ihiir     Cnnll     111  line-.,    I    Vililnreil    In   nllel 

S.i'.'ilin  I'll  Kh.iimi 


1111111-.. me      innemilllleatlnll     tnl'  1 1  i  It    -i  I  \  I 


th. 


l''l 


'nil    I.I   the    -J.SiJi  .if   .1:11111, n  \      I     l.'I'l    llii 


'III 


ll    with    hi.rinr. 


ll 


Is   tim 


.VM  \  I  r,  t  hat    the 


valley  nf  the  Alllnnr,  tn  aM'einl  that  nf  llie  I'liiriva  liinlnelil  tli''  lellilile  fniietinl  iir\  s  link  was  tliriie.l. 
I  met,  mi  mv  way,  l>aiiriaii-  ami  -^ilniis.  w  hn  vm  le  llu\  ha-leiieil  |..  ii|ii  n  their  luails  ami  hamis  alike 
^iiil|..'  t.iwii'ils   the    King  Gail   willi    the 


I's   l.i'leii      l''inallv,  al'ler 


a    il.'i\    will 


h     1    lliniit;hl   Wi.iilil    have    ii. 


1 


iiiii-l    niiia 


ik,    Ihal     ll 


mill''  till- 


lilh  s|iii  it-.,  iiie.il,  ami  ll  11  ll  y.    |i|iiilii' I-  fnr    vvhieli    the     I'lnl,    vie    hiiIm 
Maiiier xrliiii',;f  their  furs.       I  |i!i—e.|  three  iii;.'lil-     latter   |iiirl     il    n,v  jiiiii  in  _v .  the  temi'i  ralim     ha. I   In  en 

vvitll    the    i'.llll|ialllilllS     wh'lll       I'rnV  nleme      h  nl      thlnwn       liealalle.    the    t  h.  I  n.nmi  lel'    iliil     Ih.I    lle-ri  I  iI    Inlill    ill 


111   iiiv     way. 


Till 


.nil    I  li.'ir    iii'i.v  i'-iiiiis 


,'lie-  I.el.iw    i-i'i'i 


ami,    vv  lial    tmielieil    the    iniii.l    m 


rln-i'lv.    w 


ilh  ll 


lell 


TI 

ll       1     ma.h 


11  le  v\  .1-  '.nh  ,1 


tlin   1.1  ll  nf 


mv  M'li  mil  I  Ml  \  lllln  till'  I  ll  \ 


At    earll    hut      ihev    nliliye.i    in.'     t.i     lak. 


iilai'    lire,    ami    as    VM 


-V  ln|iallili'S. 

the   |il.ne  nf    hniiiitir    at    the    l.ivi 

-innkeil  ami   ilraiik   lea.   1    rejniil  llieiii   their   kimli 

liy  relaliii''    mv    travels 


ilin  1 


I    I    1. 1    al     llM 


1  i'lnel<     III     11 V  I  hllii-. 


iiinis-.iiy    inn 


llli  till     nie     ililn     the     |i| 


'III 
if  th. 


imliaii,    vvh.i.    alii  r    liaviiii;  examiinil    Iny   |iii|ii'i.s  ami 

Thev    -Innve.l    lie    as    Iniiili     mv  |iass|iml,  h  ll  me  al  Iihl  rly  In  I  "llli ■  mv  jniiriiey  ; 

ie-|H'i:t    as   if   1    hill    III  ell  .me  nf  their  ehiels  ;    .iinl,  nil     lull   tint »  il  h-laiiilin^'    mv    iii::ei'l   ll  i|m -I  ami  I  iilri  atie 


|iarliiii;,    they    .--w.iie   iii  mil    Irn  ii.l-ln|.. 


IV      Ik    that    elliel.   he  uniilil     Imt     1,'lalil    Ine    |  i  i  liiis-imi  tn 


stay  a   simple   in 


:hl 


in    the  liiwii.  .11 


.1   1    «a-  iil.liu'i  ll  I 


._'ii  alnl  -ei  k  I'm-  li'.-|.ilalil V    in  a  ii.'i^lil..iiii  in:;  village 
I  '.l,i'.l  /''•/»' 11 'M'l/   |l>/A        A  mlia-.Sih  ill.    ii|iiiii  the  i  IliIiI  hink 

ii|«m  lUiiii'ii  il.»iii.iil  t.ia  l.inlili'.l.'.itli.      Ilia   ti  «  iln «  lliey   re-     ,,|    t|„,   .\|,|niir,   is   the    last     M.inli'liil    villaL'e    |i,i>-ii|    iii 

I    !...:.._    1      ._.  .  ...1  .1    .  .11..^^.....  ..i*  ,1 1  .1..    ^1 


llli 


111  111.'   HI..!;  :ia.|   wlii'ii   lli.y   il.'|.ai  li'.l,   lln-v 


liiiii'il,  liiivlii^  ili-tr..usl  till'  illii»i..|iii  of  III!'  |Msi|.|i',  hy  |in.\iii^.'  - 
first,  I  lilt   no  npirit*  Wire  lliiie:   iiii.l,  mis.inl  y,  llml  tin 


It'll'  W.IS    M- 


aseemliii;;  the  iiver. 


Th. 


inlemlaiil   nl    this   I  'Innest, 


tr.-i-i.r  *  111  iTMiiril      llie  l.ri).'lit  iii' lallii'  viiii«  hi-ii   in  tin'  i.n'I,, 
tji...  i„i,1  i,ivi;ii  riiH'  ta  lliis  ttriiliU'  li'.i.litiiiii    -vvci'i.  nr-i  iiir!" 


sl.ttinli   ai'i'iiiii|.  iiiieij    me  iih  far  lis  tn  the  Kiissiali  |inst 
ol  1  si  Zivsk,  whi'll)  In;  ■Ji'|ni.siti'il  iii     in     hiirge  nf  thu 


w 


III 


Vi\ 


k 


li 


'l|! 

M 


.t(M) 


kU.   KOUND  TUK   WOULD. 


('oNHiii'k  fliii'f.  I  i1'|«i!«<m1  iiiym'lf  ln'io  llilrc  il.iVH, 
wiiitiiii{  fill'  tliii  lii.iil  ,  itiiil  uIk'Ii  It  itri'ivi'il,  I  tulluHrttl 
it  Mil  Ihirii-liick,  rsi'Ml'tril  IpV   I'.mii-  ( '.ittirk*. 

Till'  iirxt  iliy,  ;iH  «!•  wiTf  |iii--iiii;  I'lic  111'  till-  iiliiinU 

ll(  tlic    Allli"<r,  CHI''  III' till-"'  llirll   |il|t|li'il  ll|i  llii  llulso  til 

till'    "i  ll'  III'    IllillC,    III!   I    |l'lll|llll-,'     "III     till'  J->l  lll'l    Willi     lilt 

liiiLfi'i',  I  <l  I  III''  ilial  il  I'Miii  iiiiril  .1  I'li'li  I'liil  mini'.  A 
jitii''  I'linlni I  i'i'iiiai'k<''l  :i  kiml  'it'  nijiiiiri'  ri'<|<iiilii 

hill'I'Mlllnli'il     liv   .1  illl'll  ;    Mll'l    Id     I     ^"1     lli'.tl'i'l',    I     illM'il 

\rrr<l  iM'irU  a  il'i/.  II  '•iiiiilir  iMiiili"  ili'iiiH.  I  uiii,  iti 
far  111  1  kiiHV.  till'  liril  ir.ivi'llri   «li'i  li  I't  ii'itiii'.l  llnw 

niilK.  I  mil  ill'llll'''!  t'l  Ix'lirtr  lllll  lIl'V  iiri'  tin'  \i"i 
lil{i'H  iil'ii  r.iiii|i  wliii'li  till-  ( 'liiiii'>i'  all  iiiloiir  I  ill  |l'i>>M, 
urirr  llir  I'ltiinin'  <it'  AIIiuhIii,  iiii'I  iIh'  i-mii  Ihikhi  .iI  iIh' 
tri'iity  "I'  N'i'rl'<''liiiitl<  At  I  iiiiiwiicil  my  wny.  I  nut 
lit  jiiIi'I-nmIh  |iiir(iri  III'  M  iiiii^i'i.iii  liiiiiiiiiii'ii.  'riii'\  ill 
li'it  t.'t'iii  I'Vi'ii  til  Hiii|M'i  t  till'  ruiiiiP  clriliny  lit'  llii'ir 
ciiiiiiiry.  I  hii' of  itii'iii  ii«ki'i|  III'',  "  Wliv  ilu  tin'  Itii 
Hiiiiit  til  Ill'llll  ]!■{■*•>  lliis  way  (  "  I'lililii'il  t'vi'iili,  tli.ii 
will  ridt  liu  I'liii;  iiliii|i-<l,  will  cli  iri{<'  tlii'iiiM'lvi'.i  with 
till'  iiiiswi  r  t'l  iliii  /i<i>i'>f  i|iii'-itiiiii. 

/•■(■'/rii.l;-!/  L'-'i'/i.    -Wi'linl    liM.lii'il    ill    r.iiir   ilnyt   llir 
l!ii->-'iiiii  st.iti'iii  111'  Iviiii  ii'.t,    ii|iiii  till'  lili  li.nik  111'  till' 

A  I ir,   wlli'l'l'   Wi'  rllllli'i'il    llH-w.  K.llllll'l   IS  II   L'I'i'tl 

i''iiiiiiii'r<'liil  i'''iilir.  Till'  iiiKinil  r.iir,  uliirli  it  Ih'M  mi 
till'  III' III  ill  111'  N'Hi'iiilii'r,  III  I  '.'I'  Ml  1 1!  II I II.  II 1 1 1. 1.  In  I'M-ry 
viMf  .'i.lMMI  mil  ill  mis.  TIh'v  iri'  mr  iii'IhIiIhiiii-s  iIih 
I  )i  ili'iiiii.-i,   ill"   S.iliiiis.  iiml  ilh'  .M.iii  i^n.iiis       jly  lliiir 

ll''|ilrllt     lillliilis    Willi     till'    I 'imli'li..,    tlli'V    ll.iM'     liiill 

li'il  In  ii'l<i|i|  llirir  iiiiiiiii'r'i,  iiirl  liM'  ill  i;ii<hI  liiriii'iMy 
Willi  llii'iii  Til''  l>.t  miiii'i  iiihI  till'  Siliiiis  liriiii;  ihiii 
III  iiiiirkrt,  nil  I  till!  .M.iiiii;;rl.iii'i  lurs,  .'<kiiis,  i-utili' ami 
liili.  L'liii',  IIII'I  i'<itii{l.tHM. 

I  w.is  ,iii\ini|<  t  1  anivi'  at  tin'  rml  nl'  my  j  iiiiiny, 
nil  1  i|iirim{  till-  iii'M  i<  II  il  .vs  lllll  i'l.i|i-.i'i|,  III  ti  iM'lliii'.; 
fr'Hii  KmiiiiI'i  111  KhImiiiii  I  milv  Ntii|i|H"l  I'l  I  iki' a 
trw  liiiiii-.'  ri'|ii,i'  rill-  .■..iiiiiiy  vt  Illl'll  I  lr.iMt>i'l  lii- 
lull  li'l'l  ii'iiiiiii-i'i'ii  ■I'*  W'Hlliv  111'  lii'iii^  |iri-.i-i'M'i|,  IIII'I 
I  In  iiiaiiiii'is  "f  I  111'  mil  iliii.iiil  s  |ii'i'ii'iiii'<l  iiiiilimi{  lliiil 
w.ii  M'l-v  altra'in.'  I'liry  wrv  liili,"  llu^-im  man 
lli'is,  Willi  wliirli  I  w  11  alii'inlv  t'miili  II',  ur  wlial  I  liail 
wiliii—iiil  III  |ii>  vi.iiit  M  inlrlin  \illa:,'ri;  unly.  a>  I 
(•iMilii  illy  .iil\. Ill -I'll  111  III"  wi->l,  I  ii'in  iikrij  linw  niii'ih' 

tli<'    liiiiiiiii    iiili'iiiH  nil    lllll  A I'  ai'ii  yi't  liiiiii  nuu 

lllll  illii'i'.      I  am,  mill'  tliiii  any  mn',  I'lililli'ij  In  r\|iii"is 

iiiv  ri'ifi'i'tH,  t'l.'  till'  t*ili','iiii  wlii.li   1  i'X|ii'i-ii'i I  miiki'.s 

nil'  \i\illy  II  i|ii'  tlial  tlm  Hii'<'<i  in  ^uvi'i'imti'iil  will 
lii^liii    11  jilai'i'  till' I'.'ail    I'l'iitii  Nii'.ilaii'V^k    In  likiil-k 

(tli.ilii  (111'   w'li  ill'  li'ii^ili  III' lllll  .\mn.ir)  ill  mill |i 

tiniM  •<{  !■  iini'.iii   ami  M'l'iiriiy  as   nnr  Iihh  a   nu'lit  in 

e\|irrl   il'iir.{  111 r  till'  uii'iit   aili'iii's  111'  till'  rm|iiri' 

Hiirli  a  ii'-iilt  in.iy  In'  nl.i  uih'iI  in  Inn  yriiis'  tiiiii',  il'  tin- 
wniks  .111'  |iii<li''l  Inivvarl  wiili  ilir  '-.mii'  artmlv  us 
iiiii':ii'.{  I  ft  .mtii'iin 

Tlii'M'  nliMiv  ilhins  III  nil',  il  niilv  I'l'inains  f.  it'  iii"  t'l 
liiiii',4  till'  ii.itiMlui'  111'  iiiv  i  iiii'iH'y  III  a  ininlii-iinn,  I'l 
Kliiii  ill  it,  al'ii'i-  li.niii'.^  c'liiii',''!  liiii'M's  a  si'i'iiiiil  tm<l 
luttiiiii',  at  Kiilnin.in,  I  iiiiiv  i|  in  tlirn' ilays  at  l'i| 
Sii'i'lk.i  I  II  nl  tiMvi'lifil  ;l.iMiii  vi'|-s|H  (all  lilt  I'.IMln 
Kmiliili  iiiili-.!  ill  llnri'    mnnilis       II'  ilii-   limi' a|i|ii'ii-> 

|iili|»  i'iilll|i  lllll    Willi  till'  sjlli'i'  ;'nl    iiMT.    I     iii.iv    1,1 1 

till'  lI'l'liT  nl'lli,.  ilillii'illlii't  nl'  I  111'  |,.,i.|,  .m,l  III,.  I,. 
Ill'lll'lll'-H  lit'  till'  sl.|l|nli«,  till'  lllli'lll|ii'l':il|i  I'  nl'  till' 
1  lllll  itO,     till'     l|. ■.lllll  111'    |l|n\  JMnll,      ami    r.'.Mlllliis      111       ill 

kiinlit,  ali'l  llm  lllll  aillnl'tln'  Miiiilrliiis. 

Till'   I'mir   \i'al-i    lllll    Kavi'   ili| I     mm.c    ||,,.    aUiM' 

.11  .  niiiii  «i,   wrilliii,    liiui'    iiilluiil   to  ranv  mil   iiinii' 


lliaii  till'  |irn^i'aiiimi' laiil  iluwii  liv  tlii'  lie.irly  Mitnt<-liii- 
liali-r,  M  rai'i;arlii'l'ski.  Tin'  wa«  •■  I'l'iiii  lln  iimtli  liii 
l|i'\l'r  ri'.isi'il  In  lliiilllit  mill  In  l-Xtl'Inl  il-i  It  Itllx'.lii 
ll.is  lllll  niily  ii|i<'iii'i|  till'  iiavii;aliii|i  nl'  tin'  .Viimni'.  hut  il 
ha.s  aU  1  inrni'imiali'il  tin'  wlinh'  l^laii'l  nl  S.i'^.ilin  in  its 
);i;;iiiii I''  i'iii|iii'i' 

liiinia.     .Miiiir.i\  mil',    I  MiM-riim  i;i'iii  ral     nf  Kuti'in 

Silli't'la,      h.lVIIlt;    j^nlii-     In     \'i'ihill    In      l.illlv     II    tri-!ll\    nf 

rninliiriii'  »illi  a  '•i|ilaili'iin,  a  inaii  nl  tin'  i'\|ii'ililiiiii 
WiLS  a'<'<aviii. lllll  III  mil' III'  tin'  liiililirhH  nl'  ihal  i.i|iltal. 
Till'  mai'liil  i|i|ilnmali'<l,  h.irki'il  liy  hIx  nr  m-xth  >Iii|is 
111'  war.  lllll. iiiii'il  as  all  iinh  iiiiiilir.itinii  llin  imnthi'iii 
|inrlliiii  III'  Sa^'.ilili  Nlainl,  n|'  wlinh  i'.  h  nl  alii-ail^ 
nlilalln'il    I  In'  I'l'S'.inll   nl     llii'   linlllnril   I'lnlii    lln'   I    llllli'^i'. 

II  liniinl  lii'i'i'  (iily.ik  tiilii'<  i|iiiti'  ili>|in<><'i|.  Iiki- tlini-u 
III'  till'  llriu'lllliini  lli:{  rnlllllli'lil,  In  aril  I  it  tllf  Vnkn. 
Kiii'tln'r  Hiiiiihuarils  il  nut  with  tlii<  A\  im".  amii'iit 
aliii|'li;il.i'H  III  till'  ;;ii'at  i>laiii|s  nf  Ni|>pn|l  ainl  nl' Yi'sM), 
ami     u  Ill'llll'    liny     wm-     i'\|n'IIi'i|     hy     llm    .la|iiilii'.->i'. 

Till'  Hi'i'iilai'  liaU'ril  which  tln-y  i-iiti-rLiili  l"Uai'ls  llnir 
liiasti'i's  nf  lllll,  will  m.iki'  llii'M'  ti'ilii's  iiM'fiil  luniii'trs 
fill'  till*  l<l|s^ian  aiK.iinc  |ii>n1i<  nil  lln-  liniilnrs  nf 
•la|iaM. 

Till'  |His..u'>..'<iiiii  nr.<itt;iilin  l-^liinl.  till'  111. 1-1  ii'irtln'rly, 
ami  till' M'l'iilnl  in  rMiiit.  nt  tin' •la|uiin's<' iil'i'lii|i' I  lu'n, 
rnm|ili'li"%    I'l'llirti^      tin'    linhl    ll|in|i     tin'    l.,i«ili    nl'tln' 

Ai H,  n\i'r.iui.s    all    .M.ilitrhliri.i    l.v  tin-  v.illi'>    nl    lln' 

."^illi'^'.ili,  li.Vi  s  till-  ■.lall'iliH  III  till'  hiyhway  li'  I'lkiii, 
ami  li'iliU  mil  a  |irn.s|i<.|'ti\i'  ami  i'M  n  |.|'iiximatr  rh.iliri' 
Till'  till'  Miiliiii.'.itinli  nl    Vi  SMI  ami   Ni|ipn|i. 

.Mi'raily  till'  rnasts  iif  tin'  liiaililalnl  aii'  ilnlti'il  with 
Itil'-^iaii  rnlntiirs,  )'ii|ivi'in'il  liy  the  |ir^M'iii'i' nl  Miim.i 
\iti'  tli'i'ts,  mill  hnslli-  with  khiis.  In  tlic  l>ay  nl 
I'aslrii'H,  till'  militaiy  ainl  liiariliiin'  i'<talili«limi'iil 
>i\'   .Mt'Miinli'.'tik  r..iiiiiiaiiiln  lllll'  nl   till' liiii'^l  haili'iiii's 

III  till'  Wni'lil,  ainl  il  I'liiiiiiiiiliiiati'S  li\  lui  ({""I  i"iils, 
nil  mil'  -lili-  u  llll  Nii'nlair\  "k.  nil  tin'  ntln  1  w  illi  l.jiku 
Ki/i.  Fiirilirr  In  ihi'liniiiiiii  nf  tln'l..i\  1-  rml  liii|H'i'ial. 
ami  \\i-  lii\i'  Mill  that  M  I' ii'i;  n  In  l-ki  |imii|..  ..ill  Imw 
f.irili'  IS  till'  ('nninmiiiralii'ii  Inikiiin  ih.it  |n»n  .iinl  tin' 
^'i-iat    Millny    nf  I '-nil.  whiih    a^f.-nn    njii'iis   n|inii   tli.it 

nl    lln'     \li r.        Thi'-i'   ail'    li'il     llki'   Inn    ri'illitlli's    nl' 

I  111'  Kalkas  ami  tin'  Mnii^'nli  ins  nf< 'niitral  Asia,  -  liirn 
lakn  ami  livi-r  I'litlmal  i|i-ti  iris  iimnl-t  a  va>l  ixti  iii 
nf  H  ilili'l'lii'xs  ami  ili'si'i'l  ,  ihi'V  ilM'  well  watrri'il,  li- h. 
|ii>liii'al,  ami  fi'tlih-  lamls,  |n|-  tlin  ({ii-atiT  |iai't  wi'll 
|«i|iiil  ilnl,  iiml  aliiiiiinliii'4  in  trilHs,  mnl  an  inliinli' 
\arii'ly  nf  II  itni'al  rrsniiri-i's  ,  at  |irr>i'iil  in  }••''■"'  I*'"'' 
aliamlniii'il  In  tln'^'cf  )i'i'"n» 

Till' rstalilishmi'iilsalii'.iilx  fmimlril  aii-  luiiiy  ripiilly 
ail','liirllti'i|  hy  iillnrs  u  liii'li  ari'  lliti'mli  •!  In  I'.il'iv 
llil— iall  i'i\  ill>atin|i  a-  f.il'  .is  thn  fnlty  thinl  ili".'i'ri'  'if 
litilililr.  lln'  |i.ilal|i'l  w  lih  11  liiirks  in  tin-  |iri'-rlit  il.iy 
lln'  Miiilhi'I'li  liiiiil  nf  till'  liial  ililin'  |ni>-.<'v'-imii  .•!  iln- 
i'iii|iil'i' nf  ihn  ('aim,  Willi  m  wiilnnil  tin-  i.iii-iiit  nf 
I  lima.  Ilnmli'i'ils  nf  nllii  i  i-..  alt.irlnil  tn  thf  iiii|s'rial 
nial'ilii',  III  ihi'  .ii'lilli'i  \ ,  ami  In  llni  I'li^'iin-i  is,  liaM' 
lii'i'li  ili'-jialihi'il  In  tlii'ir  ili-taiit  slatinlis.  A  jmHir 
lllll  lint  hlllL,'  I'all  l>tn|i  nr  I'nlltl'nl  illis-iumlltlv  jill'-ln'S 
|ii|».ll.|     III    till'    sain  ■    llil'f.  tiilll     tl|llll«.lll.|s    nf    cnlnliinls 

II ilii'   i'm|iiii's  nf  |';iiiii|iii,  ami  thniisumK  nf  i-Mlm 

.li.iwn  finiii  till'  lllll  lllll  |irnim-i's  nf  ."'ilMTiH.  Six 
-iiami'is  liiiil',  .il  ll.miliiir;{li,  ami  ili'sliinil  In  rriiilnrru 
lliii-i'  aliinly  nil  till'  k!t'i'-i ,  am  il'-limil  In  rniiviy 
inai'liinriy  ami  iNi|i|i'nii'ii(ii  tn  t In  ir  iliM'i-s<.  i'>tal.li-li 
inriils  Tim  tn»  II  nf  lllaifovsriinnk  li  m  Ui'ii  fniimli  1 
ill  lli«  iinim'iliali'  N 1.  iiiily  nf  ihn  inlnis|iii.ililu  (,'liiin-i' 
.  ity    uf    >S.ii;aliii  uIj,    wluth,    lull    wilUnul   nuiijiurt   i 


Ul'   AND   DOWN   TJIK   AMOuR. 


801 


lliis  '.>in>iii>  iniiiiiiiiiiii  \;illi'V.  iiiti-t  iii<  \  iiiliK  |i<ii-li 
\siiImiiiI  u  IkiihI  Iniiii;  lllli'il  ill  il'<  liViMir.  'I'Ihh  :ii< 
llir  |iii'c|i  '•  lii|i'<  |i|'i|iiii.'iili  il  till'   ii'^cN    liy  llii'    \liiiii,'iiU  Ml 

llll>       lliml      III'      |IIIHtlll'l'M     \r|'lli4'l|  'llll'     l|l'M'l'll<l.llll~      lit 

(irliuliis  Kli;iii    nil'    rciiiilli^  li.ii'k    ll'iillltli iiliiiit  m) 

tin-    Wi'Mt    lo    tl Iiiillc    n|    ihrir    iMi'i' ;   miil     lliiS      111' 

l'<i|llill;{    lull'k     ll'il     Hilly  CIII'Ii'Im  <l    llV    till'    |lillll^C  •il'    mil 

i|iii'i'i'i|  iiali'iii^.  Iiiit  llii'V  nil'  l>i'iii;;iii^'  dark  trii|>liii"- 
ri' |iii',  hill- ill, 111  till'  I'.iir-t  h|ii)ii  -iirtH,  iiii|ii<iry.  mill 

till'  Minis  III'  llliiili'l'tl  r\\  JliHillinli, 

One  \M  III  I  liiliin'  li'i'iiiiii  iliiii;  witli  lliis  -iiiliin't,  n^ 
III  llic  ){i'ii;{i.i|ili\  III  Hill'  Mii-ii'ii\  ill'  iiit'iinii:iiit,  »li'i. 
mIh'Ii  sjiiiikiii'^  III'  Uaikil,  imlul'^i's   ill    niiMiii;!'  >|ii'i'iil.i 

liiiii-*  ii';;iiriliii'.'  un.il  l.ikrH  Inn I  liy  ir  iiii'iiilium  lill-i 

ill  iIh'  i':ii'lli;  III'  ill.'  Nili'  lliiwiii','  liiiii  llll'  Mi'iliii  I' 
I'.iiiriiii    rriiiii    smiif  ^I'l'.ili'i'   iiiiii'i' w.ii   1.  wliii'li  mi  ilic 

III  llll'   >il|l'    lIll'ilWS   ||mV\  II     llll     I'ljllll      illlllll'l     lilW  ill'ils    I  III' 

liiiliiiii  M'a  ;   iiii'l  III    l.ikc    lliikiil  --I'liiliii;^  turlli  \v;ri'i's 

I.I  till'  jJivi'i'  Aiiiiiiii' llll iiiii'i'liiiii    lH'iii;{  tlii'iiii;li   II 

-iiiiill  river  III-  ii'iliiiiaiy,  tin'  Si'lcii'^.i)  mi  mii'  >ii|i' 
'I'lWii  til  llll-  r.ii'lli'  mill  llll  ,l:i|iiiii  lil:iiii|s,  wliili-  ml 
llll'  iitlii'i'  till'  Aii',Mi'ii,  |ii-.-iii^'  iiilD  ill'    S'riii'<»i'i,  |ir  1 

i Is  liy  :i  rii'irsi'  ul    iii'ii'ly   L'.'iiMI    mil'  s  inrlliwaiil  In 

llll'  Kill/I'll  • ».  I'liii 

Sow  «illi  ri';,'ii'l  I'l  AlVii'iii  liyi|i'i,'i'.i|.li\,  iln' 
I'xisli'iii'i',  iiul  III    It  V  ilrmiii'  I'it'l,  liiit  III  II  ijii'iit.  ri'iili'iil, 

.•|l'\:lll'i|,  Mil  I    yi'l     rtll.'lV     |ll.llrilll,     lil'il     |ll'  I    lili    lli'l    llV 

Sir  U.   I .  Muii'liis  .  I.  llll  I  sill ir.ili.ir.iii'ij  In    l.um;; 

stmii!,  S|ii'ki',  I'liii  lull,  iiiiil  iitlii'i's,    Ills   lii'i'ii    jii  I K'  'li' 

si;{iiiili'il  111 I'  llll'   III  ist   I'i'iii  ir!>  ilili'iU'H'ii\  III    •  '.r   II- 

kiml  III' llll- i|  ly.  S  I- iiilly,  iijilimi^li  Itki'iiil  Kii|ir 
iii\  slilii'il    i||i'  |iiilili<'  liir  a  .sliui'i    iiiii'  Willi   I  Mi|i{i  i-i'i| 

I  .til  t'lilil  I'liiii'si' III'  till'  (i.hlji'li  iir  Uiiii,  I'li'ki'  liiiiiM'll' 
rmii'ili'il  till'  I'liiir,  lull  iml  in  linn'  tu  |il'i'\i'iil  iis  jnu 
|i  i',{:iiiiiii  .  mil  nil  li  iiii.'li  I!  iM'iisli'iii  ins  in  iIm'  iniji 
.iitiirlii'il  III  Kriiils  tr.iv.'U  Ml  I  |i'  ill"  I!  \  1'  1 1  III  lii.v 
111  I  111'  lli'liiiii  t  l.'i' 111  I'ruiil  iri  iii-i'4iii:ii' I'll  I  I  >■■  it  llll' 
I'liit  iil'llir  NiiiiWt  l\i'ii<.i,  wliili'  ill.'  I'lrilli  ri  n'  rn'iiri 
lluws  I'll  nil  till'  III  In  I  -i  li'  111  ill-  W  liiii'  Nil'-.  'I  I  111  III  11- 
-iiy  I'Viili'iii'i',  tlii'iv  IS  nil  ri'i-i.i  li  li..|i.v..  ili.ii  nu 
-iirli  .11111111111111  iiiimi  i.\i>is  I'lii  liiilv  iiui  lii'i'  I  \ii  111 
ul  .111  r.|iiil  I'limiii.'l  lit'  wali'i  S|i 'i.i-,  I'l  ill. .11.  iiiiil 
l.iviii^?tliiiii''s  ilisrii\i'i'ii's  i;.i  1.1  sliiiw  nuil.' II  'I'l'.  Ti'iit 
I'lili'r  III' lliiiii;'*.      .Vii'l  l.islly  ,  IIS  111  Liki'  It.iikil  li.iviiii; 

II  lliiw  ill  Iwii  ilin'rlimis ;  it.  is  mi  I'lnr.  Tln'i'i'  i-  im 
luiiiliiniiirnlimi  lielwri'ii  tin-  Siliii'^n  .ilnl  lln'  Auiun' 
mil  il  tlirri'  WHS,  ii-  lln- .'^I'liiii,' i  ll  iws  (,//<i|,iki'  I',  nl^il, 
ll  riiiilil  iiiil  Ht  llir  smiii'  linn- iiiiiy  Willi'  liin'k  lu  llll' 
Aiiiiiur.  Wliiit  tin-  wrilir  |ii'iili.ilily  linl  in  liis  IiHmI's 
I  M-  WIS  llio  |iiis.sili|i.  ii|ii'iiiin{  111"  a  iiiu  i;;,ilili'  I'uiniiiiiiii 
iMlimi    lirlwi'ili     till'     ll|i|irr   Wilti'l-.s    ul'    lln'    .'si|i'li:,'.l  nlnl 

ll il'llii'   A  III. ml',  liy    wliii'liii   liiii'  'A'  IMS  i:,Mi  iiiii    ..| 

uiiinlrimH  I'xti'iil  mill  iiaiiii'iisiir.ilili'  iiii|i.iri.iiii'i'  lu  lln 
t'liliiri'  wiiiilil  111'  ii'iliiiiii'il. 

VII.  -  SlItKlilA. 

At  tin'  liri,'illllill);  111    llll'  .sixli  i-lilll  ri'llllirv,  till'  niiiiiil 
(|Ui'sliiiii,  w  ll.  llnr    liii'li  ll  isni    111'    ri\  ills  ilimi,     Miilinn 
iiii'iliiiiisin  III'  t 'lirisliiiiiil\ .    »ns  III  lull'  llll'   il.'-liiiiis   ul 
Nm'lirrii   .Vsiii,  «ii;' ilrriili'il  li\  a  liii|iii':i    s  I  .liliir.     Tin 
Iraili'  wliirli  llll'    itiis-iiiiis    liiiil    I'l'irnllv  lii-unli    lu  i mi 
ililrl  willi   I'liikli  llll  mill  I'l'i-iii      alraili'    wliusi'  liiM  li{i 
iiii'iit  tlii'V  all'  I'Vi'ii  nuw-  sliiwly  lull  si  inliuiislv  m.^'ini; 
wa.s   .sii    Iri'ijiicnlly   and  cMiiisivi'ly    |iliiiiili  r.  .1   li\     llir 
Cii.HsiK'kH  III  llll'  |)iiii,  tliiit    |\mi    jla.siliiN  iisrii,  atii'r   liis 
iuiii|iirst  iif   Kiir.in  mill   .\ -I  niklinii.  iliiiiiiiiii.il    In  pm 
iliiwii  llii'sc  lirii,'miil   Imnli--,  ninl  ili  ■■|i.ililiii|  ii  liiinirrun-. 


I'lirri'  wliii'li  ili'fi'.iliil  ami  ili-{ii'i'si'i|  llii>  luiiiililii 
.\iiiui|.,r  llll.  I'liijiljvrs  w.is  ^  .ii'iiiak  riiiiii\  111',  urii.'iii.illy 
Mil'  li'inli  r  III'  II  iiiiiiii'i'iiiiH  ami  ui'll  ui^'.iiiist'il  liiiml  . 
with  i;,iniii  rii||.,N«.,.|.^  lii'liiil  liiw.iiU  llll'  Norlli.  mnl 
Miiii.'1't  n ■ri|._'i' nil  till'  liiinks  III'  llll'  Kiiiiia,  wliiiv  tin' 
I  iiiiily  lit' Sii"ii.'niiuH'  linl  It  liulmy  l.r  Imrlnr 'aiiIi  tin- 
i^il'iriiilis  Sliuiinm.ll'.  wliiiiiuiil  Kiitrliiini  Klniii,  llir 
.Siliiiimi  1  liiil  .1  '.'iii'lui'  (nrw'M'inl  nlliii  ks  nii  liisini  lilt 
-illli'iiii'iii -,  w  iiliii'^ly  a--istii|  N  irin.ik  \»illi  iiiiiim  mnl 
-ii|i|ilii'-,  in  llll-  winli'i'iil  l."»77,  Inr  un  lln  iii-inii  nil  till' 
.'^il'i't'imi  trriii.iiv,  N'miiiak  -ii  mit  in  tin  -nmiii  i  ul 
I'l"''  liMt  I'.iiliil  tliliiii',;li  i.jiiuraliri' 111'  tin'  ruiinl  i  \ .  nml 
niiii'inil  1. 1  Ills  iilil  i|ii,iiii.|-  in  llll'  i'iisiiiii^>  i>|iriii:;  In 
•Iniii'.    I     7''.   N'mni.ik  slaiiiil    iim  w,   aIiIi    mi    miii\   ir 

lln I  In   .'i.iiiin    iiii'ii,  lint     will     virliialli'il,    mnl   iimltr 

Itiis-i.iii  rnluiirs,  llll. --Ill  dy  tint  rliiirt'li.  mnl  ilriniiiliil 
with  tin'  ill!  I'.'i's  111'  siiiiii-  ll  link  liilii  iiiilil  lln  I'lii'i' 
III'  |.i>>ii  111  iiiili  'riliinL,'i  "11  lln  '11111111.  In  wliiili  liiiii'. 
wliil  Willi  ll  ii'l  tiu'liiiii'.',  ill  it'|ii'ili<l  -kiinn.slns  wnli 
llll'  '{'ml  1 1'-.  I'll  infill-  mill  rn  kiif-s,  liis.'i.l'liii  liail  ilu  imili  ll 
•  liiwii  In  I'll"'  NiMi  llnlrsii,  tlicy  Imlilly  niKmniil 
ii',^aiiisl  Kiililiiiiil  K  li.iii.  mnl  Hiirr  a  si'i  ir>  III'  virlnl'li^, 
rami' iluw  II  n|iiin  nil   i'lirnlii|iliii'nl  i'l  I  In  ir  ^n  ill  I'ln-lny  . 

Ili'lir  llll'  I'l'lltl'i'  nl'  lli'«  l|u|llill|n|IK.  Ill  llll'  jlllntinll  111 
llll'  Ini^l.  nil. I  lln  Si. llll.  I  InlihlliiiVt'il  lillnl  l'\  tlin 
I11S.S  ul' llll  ir  rmiii'.i'li^  nr  liv  tin'  nrriiy  nl' llir  lliniismnl- 
tlial  waili' 1  tn  ri'iini'  llii'iii,  till'  ('u-»tmk-  In 'jiin  ami 
I'lnliil  tills  mil'  luiiii'-l  Mmri-  lulwri'li  l'!iiii.|.i'  mnl 
.\-iii,  Willi  a  sjiirit  \M.|'lliy  III'  Mmiillinii.  .\llri  nii 
iilfiiii.i.  -iiiiL'^lr.  tin'  'I'liiimit  <*(  rr  riiiiiiil  Willi  I'liir 
llll  I'll  II. .;i'.  wliili'  Knlrliniii  Kliali  liiiiiM  ll  Willi 
ilillirilll  V  1— .i|.i.|  Kinlii  llir  Inliltil'  \iil<iiy  ^'mll.nk 
ili's|iili  In  I  jiiil  i.f  III-  still  iiiulT  M  I  lnll^ly  iliiiiini-ln  i| 
I'.irii-  III  -!..iiii.  if  111  11  KMiry .  till'  I'liitli'-s  III'  Slim,  lln- 
I'l'-iili'in'.'  ul  llll'  \  iin|iii  Inii  ].nl  ititair  ,  l.iil  Kiililiiiln 
Kliiiii  llll  ll'.l.  mnl  ^  mmiik  \mi>  iinwmil  -u\iii'i;;ii 
III'  llll'  S.|..|  ami  lln>  ll'li^k.  Tin'  'riiilm's  lli.i  kiil 
t'liiiii  all  '|ii  llll-  III  ntl'ir  tlii'ir  mlln.-inn  mnl  pay  rr- 
iiniiiil  li.li.  .  lu  till!  iniri'|iii|  i'<iiii|iii'iur.  Viiiiniik 
iiuw  SI  111  .11'  a  r.iilliliil  I  ii-.-iii  k  tu  Miiinw.  willi  a 
pii-i  III  ul  III  .-I  \.ilii;ili|i'  I'm-,  mnl  nil  ullit  ul  In-  mu 
i|iiisls.  ri.i.  I  ii-i  111  (if  II  kim,:ilulii  AiiH  niiniuiisly  it 
iiiM'il  ;  Ins  miilias-inlur  iiIhiiu'iI  -jkilli  mnmy,  mnis, 
lilnl  nil  II-- tii'.iini'  nl  ii-.-i.-laln  r,  tai^itlni  Willi  |ili'-riils, 
iin'linliii.'  In'  Nniiiiak  liiiii-«  ll'  tin  lii;;ln'i  Imm  iir  ul' 
III  iil'l  fir  1.. it   I'l.t   till'    r  lii|iriiir  liilii-i'.l  liail  w.iii. 

.Ml  iiiiw  lull'  N'lii'iiiiik  li"t  uiiIn  liiailil.iiiK'il  III-  lull 
.|i|i'-l-  lull  I'M  II  iMi'lnli'l  llniii  .  lit'  liul  mil\  liillliil 
.ill  Knirliiiii  Kliiii-  mil  iiijiih  tu  iiinvir  lii^  I'mwn, 
liilt  I'Mii  |i.  iiilr.il.'.l  iiilu  till'  viiUrv  ul'llir  t  ll  111'  iiliiiM' 
il-  jiiii.  tl.iii  Willi  llll'  liii-k.  ."-uiin'  .Mm  liiis-imis  iir 
nw.l  til  11--1  I  liiiii,  ami  In-  iiiinli' rxi  in-iniiH  mi  all  .-iilis. 
Ill  ritiiiniiii;  Imni  nm.  nj'  tln-c  1  \|.rililiiin-.  Iir  liml 
I  in'iiiii|ii' I  III  iliii  I'M'iiini.' mi  A  Ml  nil  iviiiiiil  I'm  iniii  l.y 
I  tin'  l.i.im  In  -  ul  llio  ll'ti-k.  'I'lic  liit;lil  «a.s  >lmk  iml 
rmny.  mnl  llin  li.iu|.s,  wlm  wire  IIiIi^ikiI  with  11  Imn; 
'  inirrli,  ri'li'-'l  i"<>  iiii|ilii'iily  t'ur  Ntlniy  uii  ilii'  >tiitt'  uf 
llll' wi'iiilnr  ami  ilm  Htri'ii;;tli  nl'  tlnir  |in>iliuii  .\y- 
|.|i-ii|  liy  liis  Hi'niils  lit'  fill'  liii  iiin-liiini -.  Kiililiiiiii 
Ml  III  siliiiily  t'nr.li'.l  ihn  rivi'r  witli  a  iIh.m  n  limnl. 
runiinn  SII  iiin'\|ii  ill  illy  mi  Ins  sli  •  |iili^'  \  iriiliis  ns  lu 
|.|i'i  linli'  till'  ii-i'  ul'  tlii'ir  iiriiis.  llll'  Uiis.-iaiis,  In  lln- 
nniiilii  r  ><(  Viiiii.  wiin  mt  tu  |.iiii.h  hIiiiusI  willn.iu 
ii-.i-lmiii'.  mill  mily  min  man  n-.  .i|iii|  tu  1  airy  tin'  m  w  s 
ul  llll' i'nlii>li.i|ilii'  tn   llll'   •.Miii-mi  111   Siliri.       I'.Mii   in 

llll- iiw  llll   1 1'  III'  .'iiiilii-iuii   ami   slaiii'iiti'r   Vainiak'.s 

ml  iij.i.lil  \     iiiM  1'    |.ii'-..uk    liilii        .Ml.  r    inaiiy    iii'l-   ul 
lii'|..i-lii,    In     llll     III-    w.K     llii.niuli    l.lr'    I'liiMliy    tn    i.Lr 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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■^1^    12.5 
1^    ill  2.2 


1.4    III  1.6 


PhotDgrapbic 

Sdences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

W5i»STER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  873-4503 


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9fto 


AT-L   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


THE    ARGALI    (OVIS   AMMON),  OR   WILD   SHEEP    OF    SIBERIA. 

wmIiTS     cdiii'.     iiii  1     111'    wiiiiM     iiinst    |inil)Mlily    liuvo  itself  of  tin"    ilivisinDB   aiii<'Mir>t   tlir  Tiiiliir  ]■!  i  |iK' and 

escM|pt'ii  tV'iiii   Kiit.'lium  Kliuii  ainl  all  liis 'I'artais,   it' In'  riuljlivs,   tlu'   tuviai')' uf  w  li' in  ;h  iiiIm  il  ^'ailiiali  and    tin: 

li  lil  not,  while  attrMi|iliiiijii)  L;i't  iiitip  a  lioat,  t'lll'ii  into  eondnet    ot' llie   llii.->iaii>.    disliking'  KiHilii.m   Klian  loi- 

tlie  river  and  MinU  in>laii(ly  to  tlio  liottoin.  tlie   uei^^ht  ids    intoler.dile    zeal    in    I'lujiaiial  in;;   tlie  iMnliaiiiiiieiiun 

of  iii.s  arnioiir  preveiitiie.;  lilin   tVoni  svviniininL;.      'i'lj'.is  taitli,    wliiie  tlie  l.itler  wen- di  ^i|■lllls  ol  jncserv  iiij.' tlieir 

Jierislieil.    alter   seven    years    ot   coii^t  iiit    warlare,    tliis  rela'ivc    iinlejieiideiire.    A  Kodv  ol  oliO  Jiii.-.iaiis  ai  emd- 

fiiter|ii'isiM\' leailer  on  tlm  ijtli    d'  .\ii-,'ii>f,   l-VSL      Ills  in',dy    |ienei  lali-d  to  tlie  'I'aia   witluuit  o|i|.iJsitiiiii,  Ijidlt 

Ciir|ise   was  e.\|p.iseil   to  I'very  iiisiih  liy  oivli'r   of   Kni-  tlie    Knrt   of 'I'ara,   and  tline    waitiilfor  reiidolci  nici.ls. 

elinni  Klian.      lii'.t    tin'   Klian's   own    followers    >howril  'I'oliolsl-;!'     and    'I'ara     were    Mil.Jnijaled,    and    foidi  s.- es. 

iiidii,'nation  at  siieli  iin'.;eneroas  f.'roi-ity,  and  re|irM  lelied  areordiiiL;    to    the    l:n^^ian    (and  .Itnninn)  Msteiii,  (.--ta- 

liotli  tln'ir  leader  and   tlieaiscd\es  for   h  ivinij  perinitied  Idislied    ;   to  eoiisolidale  the  eolii|ni  st    naac  towns  wi  le 

indignity  to  the  veiieraMe  rem  liin  of  so   ^reit   a  hero,  luiilt,    colonies  jilanled.    aid    .settltinelits  I'-tahlisIa  il   in 

'J'liey  eoliseerated   Varni  ik's  in    iilory,  inteired    his  liody  the    most    distant     parts.       Those  trihes  of  'J'altais   who 

with  all   their    >ll|  ■  rsl  ilimi-    riles,  .md    cill'Mel    ^ei-iliees  Wi'l'e     llol      readil\    redmalile    to   olnlieliee     wele    at    nine 

to  his   manes.       I       a  uorl,  ihey  re^' iril  ■  I    S'a.-ind;  ,is  ;i  eMi'iininate  1    ;    mid    selin  !  h  iliLT    lihe  I  he  ^aiiie  ii.c  ieih>s 

j;oil,   :tiid   .1  '.e-,ii'd    his  Imly,  his  I'loihi'^,  his  ar.ii^  and  erueliy     uhieli     eliaraeleii.^ed     ihi'    "^ii.iiiiards    in   ^nntli 

his  tomli,  with  miraeii'ons  p  overs  and  pioperi  les  .\  neiie.i     w.i-  prnii^i  d   in  Ml..  .  i.i.       .\l  mdi  iiioie  would 

l'"or  a  wliili'   the   l!ii--iin   l-l  npire    in   Silp-rii  wis  .ii  have  I n    done,    and    llu'    l!iis-i,ins     would,    no    dnid.t, 

an  end.  as  the  renriins  ol' hi^  >iii  ill  hind  with  drew  Iroin  haiehad  po~e,^i..ii    il  ,ili  .MoniT'ili  i.  had   not  the  ji  alousy 

Sihri.        Iiul    the    ;.,'o'irt    ol'   .Mu-ovy   s^'i...'dily    av.iled  of  •  he  ( '|iine>e  interl.  i  ed       The  two  p()W(,r.s  lie  I  on   Tio 


BAZAAR    AND    FAIR    AT    N  E  R  TCH  I  NSK,  ~R  U  SSI  A    IN    ASIA. 


UP   AND  DOWN  THE  AMOOR. 


3oa 


•  ]iri  |il''  iinil 
till;  Mini  tlii! 
Ill  Kliiiii  t(ir 

lllllllllllil'liull 

I  ixiiif.'  tln-ir 
inns  ill  ri'id- 
isiliipii,  biiill 
litmri  lliclil.- 
il  li'itri  M  cs. 
Ivi-trlll.  (.-tM- 
tuw  n>  \\  (  M' 

,ll^lllll     ill 

irt;il>    wliM 

.1    I. lice 

IM  Irilc-.^s 

ill  ^llll1ll 

.11'   Wlillln 

,  J, ;, :..'■>>■ 

IH    1     Mil      'llO 


banks  of  tho  Amoor,  as  we  liiive  ln'foro  iiiirnitcil.    The   i 
ODiitcst  WHS  carriiMl  on  tnim    liiKO  in  lOM'J,  wlioii  the    j 
Russians  ccilcil  a  (•(iiisiiliTaMc  tcrriturv  ami   tlic   navi- 
gation of  the  Amoor.    'Phciliscovciv  of  K;llll^i^•llall^■a  anil    '■ 
its  adjacont  islands  in  tin;  uarly  jiai-t  of  the  i'ii;iitiM'Mth    j 
contnry,    as    well    as    the     proximity    of    (•uiiiiiicntal    ! 
America  in  the  arcliijii'iaj^o  of  isliimls  lii.'twccii.   maile   j 
the  value  of  this  rivi'r  more  iiatcnt,   ami    IlmI    to    that 
ultimate  recovery  ami  aililition   to    Itiissian    rij,'hts  on 
the   Amoor  whieli  we  have  cliroiiiclcil  almvc 

Not  only  were  the  peiisaiits  of  Silirria  iciiiarkable  for 
their  civility,  hut  all  jennies  of  society  are  ilcci<lc(lly  more 
intclli;,'riil  than  the  corrc^pomliii!^  classes  in  any  other 
]iiirt  of  licr  empire,  ami  perhaps  in  most  ])iirts  of 
Elll■op(^  The  system  on  which  Silieria  has  hec'u  and 
eontinnes  to  he  .•oloiiiscil  is  admii'alile  alilic  in  theory 
ai  il  practici!  I'he  perpetrators  of  heinous  crimes  aro 
si'iit  to  the  mini's  ;  those  who  liavi^  lieen  hanishcd  for 
minor  deliiiipicmies  are  sett'cd  in  villages,  !■  farms,' 
and  political  olfcnders  (except,  indeed,  in  cases  of  con- 
spiracy or  treason)  arc  f^enerally  estalplished  in  littlo 
knots,  coinmnnicitiiii;  to  all  anmnd  them  a  dcfjiee  of 
icliiiemcnt  nnkiiown  in  other   liidf-ci\  iliMil  countries. 

Ill  fact  for  the  retormiiiL;  of  the  criminal  (we  will  Miy 
noihiiii;  ot  the  (l.irk  reveist' of  the  |iictnic— tin  piiiii.-li- 
mcnt  of  political  olfendciv),  in  addition  to  the  ]  iiin^li- 
iiieiit  of  the  crime,  .Siheiia  is  nndoiilitedly  the  lic.-t  ]ieiii- 
tentiary  in  the  world.  When  not  had  eianjih  fur  the 
mines,  each  exile  is  |irovided  with  ii  lot  of  ^'roiiiid.  a 
house,  a  lior.se.  two  cows,  and  ai,'iiciiltiiral  ini{  hiiKiits; 
and  also,  for  the  first  year,  with  provi  ions. 

I''i a- three  years  he  pays  no   t.ixes   wli  itever,  ami  lor 

the  ne\t  tell  only  half  of  the  full   an nt.      To   lnini^ 

fe.ir,  as  well  as  liope,  to  operate  in  his  lavoiir,  he  clearly 
nndcrsiaiids,  that  his  very  tir-t  slip  wid  send  him  from 
his  ho  ise  and  hi--  family,  In  i..il,  .i..  ;iii  ipiilea^t,  in  tliH 
mines. 

.'\t  pre-^ent  mines  an  1  uM>lh'iie.;  :i'  i  very  niit'iv  .iir- 
nhlv  (Ml  t 'e>  setllem 'lit  an  I  ciiii  i\  .itioii  nf  Silicri.-i,  hy 
calliii!;  away  the  lahoiirei's  from  more  steady  occiipa- 
pa'ion  to  till'  ja'ccaiioiis  pmsiiil  of  the  i.reeioiis  ini'lals. 
The  province  of  Vciiissci  alone  has  \  i.  i  leil  in  one  y  .r 
ridO  )io.ids  (l).(MIO  11..S.)  of  gol'l.  ill"  iiio^t  vaUiahle 
washcrii'S  are  tho.se  on  Tanj.nislia.  whieh  fills  into  the 

river  that   i,'ives   ninies  to  tl i^lnei,  a  eiin^iderahle 

way  to  tlienoiih  of  Krasno\;ii--.k  Tin-  liclie-i  wishiiifr 
tract  in  Eastern  Siheria  is  .-aid  to  he  the  triangle 
formed  liv  the  .\n!jara  to  the  east,  the  Yenissei  to 
the  west,  and  t.'liim-se  Tartary  to  lln-  -iiitli.  .\s  an 
ilista'ice  of  the  speculative  natiiii'  of  llii<  Mciipation, 
one  individnal  is  ineiitioncd  who,  living  at  K  i-.i>ieiyaisk 
in  Western  Silieria,  on  the  Yenis.sci,  eiiiliarked  in  the  j 
laisiiiess,  and  olitained  no  returns  tiir  three  \e,irs, 
will  11,  in  one  season,  he  was  richly  repaid  fur  his  out-  i 
lay  of  a  million  and  a  half  of  ronhlcs  (alioiil  l.v.  each) 
by  one  liundred  and  fifty  poods  of  gold,  worth  JiVjOOO 
ronhlcs,  or  rather  more  than  live  milliiins  and  h  half 
in  all. 

The  roads  run  for  the  mn.st  ]iart  through  iiiidii'..itiiig 
phiins,  and  the  country,  ii.i  ymi  lca\('  the  iimre  extensive 
northern  regions,  is  wtdl  wooded  and  settled,  the 
villages  heiiig  niiiiieroiis  along  the  road.s.  Incichiiiun 
and  village,  hy  the  hy,  along  the  great  thoroiighf  ins, 
there  is  an  ostrog,  or  wooden  lort,  used  for  locking  up 
the  convicts  while  ])assiiig  onward  to  their  r<'spi'ctivo 
destiirtiions.  Kach  of  these  has  a  sentry  at  the  door. 
The  coi.viets  travel  in  parlies  of  two  or  tline  hundred 
eacli,  very   lightly  chained   together,   with   a   military  j 


escort ;  and  in  order  still  furtli(<r  to  prevent  escape, 
sentinels  are  .stationed  at  every  three  or  four  miles  on 
the  road.  Another  object  con.stantly  before  the 
traveller's  eye  is  the  great  number  of  small  carts  on 
four  wheels,  each  drawn  by  two  horses,  and  loaded 
with  twenty  poods  of  tea,  on  its  long  and  weary  way 
from  Kiaclita  into  liussia,  at  a  rate  of  .f  10  jier  um 
for  carriage  to  Moscow,  or  rather  nion!  than  fompciice 
n  pound,  and  almost  cipiivalciit,  to  the  con.sniners,  to 
the  duty  wi!  p.iy  oiir.sclves,  to  whom  the  cariiiig(!  by 
sea  covts  less  than  one  hall'peiiny  )«"•  pnuiid. 

Si  ena.  fi'i-iiierlv  dciiuminateil  (ireat  Tartiiry,  is 
bnunded  hy  the  l-'ii.zeii  Ocean  on  the  north,  by  the 
IMoiig'ils  ,'iiiil  Western  Tartars  on  the  south,  by  the 
I'acilii  <  1.  eaii,  China,  and  (.'hinese  Tartar)'  on  the  ea.st, 
and  on  the  west  by  Jvussia  licrself 

Of  the  .iilvaiit'igcs  accruing  to  liussia  from  her  jios- 
.session  of  >il  eii.i,  the  most  ob\  ions  is  the  fur  trade; 
in  which,  indeed,  oiigiiiated  her  primary  footing  in 
norlheni  Asia.  Anika  Sirogonolf,  grandfather  of 
■^■.irinak's  ally,  had  esliih!i>lied  himself  at  Solvytshc- 
gnil>kaya,  a  town  in  the  government  of  Voloyon,  fur 
the  purpose  of  inaiiiifacluring  .salt.  He  soon  found  a 
inori^  attiactive  trade  in  his  intcrcoiiise  with  the  inha- 
bitants of  the  north  western  parts  of  Siberia,  receiving 
from  I  hem  large  ipiant'ties  of  the  choicest  furs  in 
I'Xih  iige  for  toys  and  other  <  i  minoditics  of  trilling 
value.  It  was  in  coiiseipiene,'  of  his  siicce.-s-  a  success 
rewarded  by  the  gif'l  of  an  iininense  tract  id'  land  on 
the  Kam.i  and  Tcliiiiso\a-  that  .lohii  Hiisilovitz  the 
Koiiiili.  being  the  .second  czar  of  that  nanii',  sent  iicrn-s 
the  Siberian  .Mountains  an  expedition,  which  resulti  d 
in  inipo>ing  an  annual  trihiile  of  a  ihniisand  sables  on 
one  of  the  iieighbiiiiring  chiils  In  tin  ir  new  Mllle- 
nicnls  the  ."si I'ngonotis  ]iro.-.eciileil  the  far  tiade  mole 
vigoroii>ly  than  ever  ;  and  it  was  in  a  great  incasnie 
through  the  profits  of  this  same  busiiii>s  th.it  ^'al■lllak 
was  pio\  i'led  with  the  means  ol  iinre  i  xti  Inled  and 
Jicrm.iiient  euinpiesl.  ( llory.  dniiiini.  ii  ard  decile  ot 
pushing  e;i.-t»ar.l.  have  iiryed  the  ('.ssicks  onu.iid. 
step  liy  step.  Keyoiid  lli  ■  n  Inole-t  liouinls  if  Asia;  but 
"skins."  of  M.iue  kind  or  oiher.  h.ixe  always  been 
at  once  I  lie  ba'lge  ol  Mibjeelion  and  the  gucrihai  ot 
victory 

The  fur  linle  still,  in  spite  of  iron  mim's  and  gold 
wa>lieiie-    is  till'  most  \aliiabh'  branch  of  Siberian  and 

l!ii  -iaii    ( melee.       NatiM'  fur,  to  the  v. due  of  scm  n 

inil.i'iiis  and  a  half  of  roubles,  are  annually  bartered  at 
the  fair  of  Kiaclita,  om  r  .'11111  above  all  the  skins  that 
find  their  way  to  the  westw.ird  as  far  as  Kishiii 
Novogoi'od  I  and  .Moscow.     Kill's  are   an    object    of  pur- 


*  Nl^Ilni  N"Voi;  reil  U  III)  iiiu'ii'iit  iniil  cile  TiiU'i!  eily,  I'licf  tliL' 
ciipitiil  itJLTi'.it  Ki'|iiililic  witli  li'll.dOO  si'iils  wiiliiii  iis  «iill».  lis 
nsiili'iit  i«'|,ul.iii"ii  is  new  inluci'il  tn  iilniit  -I,!  (Ill,  fill*  it  is  siill 
tiiiii  Its  till' the  II. n>l  iiii|M>r!:Mil  iiiitl  I'vli'ieiM'  lair  in  tlie  vMirld. 
'1  lie  l'i'"\i'it>  tl.i'iiiiu'lieiil   Kn»iii  mill   (iriat    Ti.rtiny   \mis.  nt   enc 

time,  "  W  111'  cull  resi-t  (ieli  Hint  till'  (ircilt  NeVej.lirniU"  Vclirthe 
(ireat  niilleil  it  liy  I'l'iliuvilii:  I  lie  I'llpilltl  llinil  Mnscnw  In  tlie  slu.n  > 
lit 'In' (iillfet  l-'iiihiliil.  lis  iiiiiiiciiiiis  Bt.iiiles,  a  |iiiitiiin  iil  il- 
ci'li'irily.  presi'iii  a  (listiiieti'iii  iif  wliirli  its  iiilialiitiinls  iirc  innuil. 
I  he  iniss  stuiiils  aliihc  at  tin'  tup,  linai'i'dliiiialiii'il  li\  tie  crcsniit  ; 
:iii  eiiilili"ii  that  till'  tartars,  in  all  i.clirsieiis,  m\ii  micci  edul  sn 
I'lr  asloi  iitertlii'  eily.  Tliisdi-tineliim  iini\ersiill\  I  oUlsiii  Uii>sin, 
tl.e  r('i'i>ii(|iieri'(l  ciliiM  lieiirini;  the  cn'sceiit,  l.iit  siuiiimiiiti'il  by 
the  (Tiiss.  In  the  tiiir  time  t«o  nr  tlirec  l>ii  liicd  tliMisiiiid 
|ii'0|ile  I'liHll  all  parts  nl'llie  Old  (  nlltilii'llt  lire  said  tn  cnllt;ri'|'ate, 
iiriiiLriiiir  ^^i'li  tiiem  ilie  wares  nt'  their  ri  s)  eeiixe  cnimtrii  s.  Ili  re 
mav  lie  sell  llnl,!i:c  ialis,  (Ire-k,  Chilli  se.  SpaliiiiHts.  PersililiS, 
Italians, 'I'aitars,  ,IeMs,  (iermans,  l'jii:.i-li,  t'leiieli,  .^e.  Ae.  'I'lip 
t.rude  IS  as  variuus  un  tlii!  cruwd  i*   iiintley,  innsiiitiiig  iif  tliv  tial 


I  ■  i 


■ii    ! 


I       i 


i:  !l 


il    :' 


ii;  i 


ll^ll 


^.^^^C^t^^^C^^ 


■   >    .  —  -,^ 


L  iijjof 


Tl'Masl"  SdRCl'KlSS  AM)  NA  IIX'I  : 


MAMi  llLklAN>  AMI    IIM.LSIANS  ( iT    llll'.    IKAN--  UAiKAl.  M.SI'Kli.  T. 


rfSf 


i._.rf*a 


m 


/' 


^' 


-■-Att 


1     ,  i.:t 


iii 


!■  L.; 


inn 


Hi    i'  :  1    [!     :i  ^ 


ifi 


tii 


UP  >''!)  DOWN   THE  AMUOR. 


307 


Biiit  tlii'ongliout  the  wholo  country.  In  tlu'  nHici:!! 
rotiiriis  lit' till!  C/liincse  traile,  tlicrc  :i|i|i('iii'  tlic  si|iiiinls 
of  tli(^  Yi'ni.s.sfi  iiml  tliu  OIm',  witli  tlic;  cniiinrs  of  tlic 
Kivcr  Irlisli  iiml  tlio  l!;ir;itinsky  stfi)pi'.  Tlie  .utiml 
n(lv;iiitin,'e  (Icrivoil  liy  Russia  Iimiii  tlio  fur  tiadi.'  nf 
Silii'Hii  limy  1k^  faiily  I'stiinatcil  at  a  liif,'IiiT  stamlaiil 
tlmu  tliat  lit'  mere  rDuMcs,  on  tin;  one  .sii((cial  firoiiiiil. 
that  the  liniiicli  nf  I'oiiiiiii'rco  in  i|iii'stion  must  have 
foruinl  the  inaiu  iMilucciiii'iit  Cur  the  Ciiiucsc  to  o(ii'ii 
all  inlaiul  trafllc  with  their  ncii;lilMiiirs.' 

'riic  (.'liiiii'so  trailf,  iiiili'|icii(li'iitly  uf  its  cliri'cl 
liL'Uflits  til  individual  nirnliants  and  niaiinl'a.-turcrs, 
^'iv<>s  to  Itnssia  a  |iosilion  and  an  inliui'nrc  in  tin-  coni- 
incrcial  world  which,  wilhont  l-ilicri  i,  shf  i-onid  ui'Ma- 
liavo  aciiuiri'il.  It  larj^i'ly  aids  in  |H'o|ilin;,'  anil  rivil- 
isinj,'  Silii'ria,  which  nuistearn  at  least  l',n(){l,(l(l(l  of  the 
.'i,L'(IO,()ll()  roulih'S  i'X|i('ndcd  on  the  transport  to  an,i 
from  Kiachta  ;  and  every  iilace  sends  a  eontrihntion  of 
niaiuifaotures  to  Maimatchiu  in  Itnssian  leather  alone  to 
the  extent  of  G1,'J03  pieces,  valued  at  G.iH,  KIl'  roubles.- 


nml  silks  nf  Cliina,  tin-  furs  of  Aini'riiM  iiml  Silu  rin,  tlio  iMinlHuro 
iif  Kiij;Iiiiiil,  tlic  sliiiwls  111'  I'irsiii,  tin'  nii'ijiUic  Iri'iisuri's  el  llie 
lornl  ininHitiiins,  li'iUlu-r,  liiili  s,  talluw,  l.risil.s,  futttni,  tulian'D, 
hiH'st's,  iMttlo,  .111  I'liilU'ss  fiitatif,'iie.  Tin'  liiisn.ss  lasts  tViiin  the 
W);iiiniii(5  of  Aiijjust  to  the  iiiiiMli'  ol'  S.'|itiaiihi'r j  ami  the 
niiiuuiit  of  truiisurtioi'S  isestiiimteilat  ni'ie  nr  t.  n  iiiiUioiis sterling. 
I'lavers,  iiml  tlie  wliulo  riiee  orBhow-iueii  anil  sliuw-Hiiiiieii,  reaji  a 
golileii  harvest  iit  this  lime,  wliile  tiiuusuiils,  or,  aeennliii^  to  some 
estimates,  tens  of  tlumsanils  of  vnnii^  lailies,  whose  i'm-vA  are  their 
ft  'tunes,  are  pn'seiit  in  ilue  |iri)]niri,ion  of  nnnibers,  from  most  of 
the  same  regions  as  the  ileal-rs  theiiist-hi'-i.  in  the  eliariliible  liope 
of  in'oviding  overy  man  with  u  iiarlner  of  congenial  taste  anil 
lun;.'Uau'e. 

'  T'le  nuantity  of  peltry  thus  solil  may  be  jniljred  from  tlie 
following  ealeulation  as  to  the  tiirs  iiiiporletl  into  Uiissia  : — "()| 
sables,  there  were  solil  at  Kiaeliia  orl^-  Kty  ;  while  at  the  same 
time  tliere  were  -t'^.S*.),')  ])awa  of  the  iiiiimal,  the  proihiee  ol  at 
least  10,72;t ;  so  that,  even  if  not  one  whole  sable  went  to  tin- 
west  waril,  t^iere  woulil  si  ill  remain  about  twenty-two  times  as 
miiiiy  skills  for  ll'is^ia  as  for  China,  lint  the  Cliiiiese  shuie  of 
the  sables  was  nearly  lis  inferior  to  the  Kussian  in  value  as  in 
number.  Tlu'  1(17  whieh  fell  to  the  lot  of  tlie  Cele>tials  wen'  esti- 
iniiteil,  witii  all  the  expenses  of  transport  on  their  backs,  at  only 
7,'t8t.>  roubles,  thus  avera^'in^  Romethiii;^  less  than  sixteen  roiibl.  s 
H-piiee ;  while  even  at  t>lekiiiinsk  the  iivera^»e  price,  as  ah'caiiy 
ineutiolied,  of  ihe  sables  of  the  Ohkama,  taking  two  siieeessi\e 
years  toj^ether,  was  2000  roubles  tor  torty,  or  )irecisely  tifly  roubles 
a  skin.  A^aill,  not  a  single  inalten  was  ollereil  at  Kiaehla,  while 
lt,7'Jt  pawspi'oveil  tliiit  at  least  ;!,(j',1S  skins  of  the  animal  iiiii^t 
have  been  jiroeiii'eil.  Further,  tliiTc  were  only  11.0 10  s'oits,  tint 
'J2,.'il.')  tails  of  the  creature,  leaving  at  least  ;t:l,5or>  skins  lor  "tli.r 
(U'stinations.  Lastly,  of  foxes  there  were  barely  200.0110,  with 
iil»iiit  t!>  10,1 100  paws;  so  that  ill  leiust  150,0i)J  foxes  iiiust  have 
lieeii  reserveil  for  aunt  her  niaiket." 

'  (lovenior  Sim|isoii,  in  speaking  of  'riiimen  on  the  roail  to 
renn,  gives  us  a  curious  insigbt  inloliiis  traile.  "  riumeii,"  savs  h.', 
"is  the  graiul  ilepol  of  all  tie  goo.ls  that  )iass  in  either  ibrecli  'ii 
between  Russia  anil  I'liina,  bcig  the  point  at  which,  on  their 
eastern  routes,  whether  by  latnl  or  water,  tiiey  may  be  salil,  ai  coni- 
ing  to  circumstances,  to  S'lm-ate  or  lo  meet.  This  thriviiii;  town 
carries  on,  also,  a  laige  mule  with  llnkhara  ami  the  Kii_;bi-, 
cliictly  in  what  is  known  as  Uussiiin  leitiier,  ami,  in  luMiiiiii  to 
consiilerable  i|Mintil;cs  of  this  same  staple  iiiaiiul.ie;nr  ,  ii 
semis  a  goisl  ileal  ot  bristles  ami  cotton  across  the  I'raliaii 
tloimlaiiis  into  iiussia,  iilliiiiatclv ,  perhaps,  to  tiiul  their  way  lo 
KiiL'laml.  it  is,  iiioreover,  famous  tor  its  rugs  anil  eaipcis, 
having  sent  such  iirli.  les  to  Kiachta  to  tlie  value  uf  ti-e  thoii-aiiil 
roubles.  They  ar.'  olieii  iiiaih'  at  home  by  the  jiea^ant  girls,  wh  i 
liawk  tlieiii  tlinMii;li  the  tcwn  at  so  many  ion,  hs  a  length, 
inea-nriiig  by  the  lair  manufactuM'i'  liersi'lf,  ami  ;is  the  Homeii  of 
the  place  ami  neigliourhiK>il  are  justly  ceh'brate.l  for  their  iK'aiity, 
this  iiioilu  of  taking  eai  li  young  laily's  iiieiiMire  is,  of  couise,ii  great 
rcconniicnilation  of  her  wires.  In  short,  T'iiiiiieu  is  the  only  place 
in  Siberia,  excepting  perhaps  what  T'oliolsi,  nnii  have  lieeii  in  the 
Jays  of  its  glory,  that  at  all  comes  up  to  the  KiiL'lish  iileiv  of  a 
•uug,  plcowuit,  iiiid  pnisiierous  town."     SJiuukin^  uf  liie  pcumiuts 


Till'  livci-sof  Silu'iia  and  its  ijolil  mines  aii.l  wusherioR 
iiaveof  lateyear.s  added  exteiisivt'ly  to  tliu  ii'soniees  o( 
liiissia.  iSilieria  is  her  Australia  and  ( 'alifuiiiia,  and 
of  eijiial  iiii|Hirtance,  as  tending  to  develope  Iut  maiiii- 
faeliiring  and  iigricnlliiral  iiidastiy,  and  provide  her 
with  a  large  inarket  fur  tlio  eiiiisiiiuptioii  of  her  lioiiiu 
produce.  ( )iiesiiij;nlareni'ct  of  a  onld  produeiiijjeotintry 
lias  shown  itself  necessary  in  a  reiiiarkniile  iiianner  in 

Silioria.     'I'lio  yold  liiiders  liavi!  lieem ij,'ricnltniists 

and  small  iiianiifaetiirers,  anil  the  liiissian  (ioverniiiunt 
is  already  coiiiplainin;,'  and  iiii|niriiif;  into  the  feasiui 
why  the  mini's  have  imt  of  late  years  produced  eipial 
amonnls  with  tlioso  of  the  )iieci'diiif;  years.  Silniia 
not  lieinn  a  eoiiiitry  to  whieh  people  willingly  ciiii- 
j;iate — tliiiiigh  they  would  do  so  were  it  hettev 
known — the  workiiii;  pii|iiil,itiiiii  does  not  increaso 
prnporlionately  with  the  tiicility  fur  olilainiiig  wealth, 
and  the  desire  to  enjoy  it  when  olitained.  Silii  riii  has 
three  eapitaln— 'I'oliolsk,  Irkutsk,  and  ^'Mklltsk — the 
fornier  of  which  has  of  late  years  in  some  degree  lieeii 
.siiperseileil  liV  Omsk,  till!  new  metropolis  111'  Western 
Silieria.  It  stands  at  the  cuiitlneiice  of  the  (Jlie  and 
the  Irtish,  in  the  midst  of  a  .sandy  )iliiiii.  which  presents 
no  tree  of  a  larger  si/e  tliaii  a  dw.iif  willuw.  ( »ver  thi.s 
li;irreii  flat,  which  exleiids  on  all  sides  as  tiir  as  the  (ye 
can  reach,  the  liitiim  w  iiids  hlow  fm-.n  every  |iart  of 
the  cumpass  withmit  iinpcdiment,  driviiio;  liefure  them, 
in  winter  diil'ts  of  snow,  and  in  summer  clouds  of  dust. 
There  is  a  garii-oii  of  4,0(10  men  ;  and  it  has  lieeu 
selected  as  the  seat  of  the  j^eiieral  f,'uveriimeiit,  chielly 
with  a  view  to  the  gradu.il  siilijiigaliu'i  uf  the  Kii'ohis, 
w  hu  ui  eiipy  a  v.ist  tract  uf  euuntry  all  the  way  from 
this  to  the  Caspian  Sea.' 

in  the  vicinity,  the  same  traveller  says,  "Tlieso  were  a  well  grown 
race,  a  fact  the  more  worlliy  of  n  te,  inasinuch  as,  accoriling  to 
our  i  ifonnation,  this  has  not  been  r  eordeil  in  the  most  orlhoiloi 
style.  Iiisteiul  of  being  suckled  by  ;heir  mother,  the  eliildreii  of 
this  iieighbourl.ooil  were  said  to  be  fed  with  cow's  milk  from  n 
small  horn,  having  its  tgp  covered  with  a  cow's  teat  ;  and  very 
yoiiiiL'  iiifints  woulil  learn  to  hold  the  horn  themselves,  and 
gu/./.le  in  their  crailles." 

^  Not  contint  with  this,  the  Itnssian  Ooveninient  have  lately 
)m»lied  lorvvard  anolhcr  setllement  tiOO  miles  from  Omsk;  tins 
is  Seinipal.itiiiski,  or  the  Seven  I'alaces,  so  named  fniiii  >■  ven 
moiimls  sa-d  to  be  remains  of  aueient  royal  resiliences.  I'aravans 
are  eoiitiimally  passing  between  Semipalatinski  and  the  (.'liinese 
tow  MS  of  Tashkeiiil  anil  Kaslikar,  lis  well  as  liokhara,  Kliokan, 
Saniarcaml  and  Varkand.  llr.  Alkinsoii  iiiforuis  us  that  they  tako 
out  printed  liu-sian  goods,  co]iper,  iron,  and  hanlware,  retuniing 
with  tea,  silks,  amldiieil  Iniits,  for  Ibclairat  libit.  A  large  trade  i» 
also  carried  on  with  lie.'  Kirgliis,  supplying  I  Inin  with  silk  ilies.ses, 
tea,  raisins,  and  wooileii  bowls  from  I  liiiia  ;  kalats  (or  gowns)  of 
printed  calico,  from  Kliokan;  Kiissian  hardware,  ii-on.  copper, 
and  leather.  T'he  excliaiige  lor  tinse  is  bl.ick  and  gray  fox-skins, 
black   lamb-si.ins,  linrse.-,  oxen,  and  sheep.     The  horses  and  oxen 

lire  ili'iven  i I'.iistini  Silieria,  to  the  dill'ci-cnt  gold  mines.    One 

111  these  Tailar  tridus  toM  .\lr.  Alkiiison  that  lie  imported 
OO.OOO  boriiid  cattle  into  Siberia  aiinu, illy,  eliietly  for  coasump- 
tiou  at  the  gold  mines.  He  mentions,  likewise, having  freipiently 
met  the  Kiighis  with  lierils  of  Ironi  ;t,OiiO  to  4,000  oxen,  1,500 
miles  IVoiii  their  homes,  and  ulKI  from  their  ilestin  .1.1011.  When 
the  e.iiile  are  delivered  at  the  mines,  the  men  leiniiin  a  few  days, 
ami  then  start  on  their  return— a  very  long  ride.  Their  jnuniey 
liimiewaid  is  by  the  post,  as  far  as  Semipalutinski,  and  then  to 
their  hovels  on  the  steppe  oil  liorsebaek.  The  sheep  are  driven 
across  the  steppe  to  retropaulovsk,  on  the  frontier*  of  Siberia, 
and  Iheiic"  to  I';kateriiiebm'g,  wlieie  they  are  killeil,  and  their  fut 
iin'ied  down  into  tallmr.  More  than  one  million  sheep  aro 
lii-oiiL'lit  troin  the  Kirghis  steppe  yearly,  which  are  disposed  of  in 
this  inaniicr.  Tne  whole  of  the  taUow  was,  till  witlii'i  the  last 
live  yeai'si,  f  invaided  to  Kiuoie;  now  the  bulk  is  converted  into 
stearine,  at  the  l.ii-ge  works  near  Kkateriiielmrg.  This  establish- 
ment supplies  all  Siberia  with  cuodles,  besidui  bendii.^  u  gieitt 
qiiiiutity  into  Uusnia. 


m 


ALL  ROOND  THE  WORLD. 


.  I 


Of  Irkutsk  wo  have  iilroiidy  plvon  a  ilc'.scri|itiipii,  ami 
cif  m:\iiy  liarts  ot'  Ki.stcni  Sil)cria  ;  wi  will  ]>riiori.'(l  to 
Yakutsk,  tho  cni'itul  nt  tiiu  moro  iiorthorly  division  :  — 

VIII.— MI''K  AMONd  THK  YAKPTS. 

A  (.'iruiiii  s  work,  |iiil)lisln'(l  at  St.  Pi'tt'i-.slmrj;,  prc- 
sont.f,  in  tlic^  4,'iiiso  nt'  a  liiiij;ra|iliy  and  iin  luroiiiit  (if 
tnivi'ls,  a  fc.ni|ili't(!  ]ii(tuii'  of  tlit^  lito  of  a  yoiiiix  Uus-  j 
siaii,  u  iiativoof  Yakutsk.     T\nn,   as    hi'   iiIisitvcm,   is  j 
till'  iiiily  liciok  ever  wiittcn   in  the  Yakutsk   laii:;uaj;('. 
Till'    title  of  tlio  work   is   "  Uvariskai  Aklilyk.i,"  itc. 
(Hcvolulioiis  of  Ouvarovski).     Tin'  wrili'r  w.is  collcclor 
of  tuxes  and  duties  tiir  nine  yeais.  and  was  tliiis  ihti's-  ; 
sarily  eonipelled  to  travid  ail  ovir  tlie  eouiiliy. 

On  the  left  liank  of  tlie  jjri'at  Hiver  Lena,  al.oiit  a  ' 
liundl'ed  kiesorkees  (raeli  kies  is  ten  vcl'sts).  near  to  the 
Frozen  Sea,  is   the   town  of  .lijiaiisk    or  Shiyaiisk  or  | 
<Kdiij,'aen,  as  we  eall  it.      Here  resided  my  father,  who 
was  Jiaid  liy   tho  distriet,  and  hei'e  I  was  horn.      When  ' 
Ji;;atisk    was    struck    out   of   tiie   list  of  towns,'   my 
father,  )»  rforee,  went  liaek   to    Yakutsk.       1   was  then 
aliout   four  or  live  years  old,  and  e.m  only  remend)er 
that    my    fither's    oeiMi|iation    eouipelleil    him    to    lie 
ah.scnt  fi'oui  u.s,  someiime.s  nine  months  at  a  time  ;  and 
that,    during    his   al^-enee    in   thesi;    loni;   and    |iainful 
Journies,  I  used  to  sit  at  lioini'  and  ery  with  my  mothei   , 
for  eoni|i,iny"s   sake.      Oni'    mornin;.',   ha\ini;  W(,ke   up 
earlv,    1    was    morl.idy    frightened    at    the    sij,dit   of    a 
lirigand,  of  a  terril>ly  fincc  a|i|iearaia'e,  who  was  stanil- 
\\\[i  at  the  honse-dnor,  rille  in  hand.      I  learned,  to  my 
i^ru.it  relief,  that  he  was  |ilaeed  th(;ie  on   i;uard,  to  )irc- 
veiit  our  ^oods   liein^   piila^i'd    liy  his   lirother  handits 
throu;j;h   mistake.        He   w.is   one  of  a   Ijami  of  tiftei'ii 
riililiei's,  wiioh.id  made  their  way  from  <  )khot.sk,  wheri^ 

they    had    1 ii    eonilemia'il    to    the    salt-work.s,    and, 

haviiiLt  escaped,  were  on  their  w.iy.ifthey  eouldlind  it, 
liaek  to  l'".iirope  (a  not  um-oinuion  thiut;  with  the  I'xiles 
fent  liy  liu--i  1  to  Siheria),  rohliiuL!  and  plimderiiiL; 
whiituver  they  could  lay  their  hamls  upon.  'I'hey  had 
couu"  down  the  Hiver  Ald.in  into  the  l,en.i,  and  had 
reachi'd  Ji;;an.-k  in  boats.  .Ariivinc;  .at  nif;ht.  they 
had  surprised  the  .soldiers  and  the  Ooss.iek  j;uard  in 
their  sleep,  tied  their  hands  and  feet,  and  made  them 
so  intoxieated  as  lo  deiirivo  them  of  all  eonsciousness. 
Jlaviiifj  locked  the  unai-ils  an<l  jaili^rs  up  in  the  town 


jirison,  they  then  di\  ided   into   parties,  ami    plundei 


v<l 


the  jilaee  systematii-ally.  In  the  morning,  aliotit  milk- 
ing-tiine  (nine  or  ten  o'eloL'k),  they  reasseinhled  in 
front  of  our  hiai.se,  after  suiressfully  carryini;  out  their 
Ciiup  lie  iiKitii,  'J'he.so  ferocious  and  terrilde  lookiiii,' 
fellows  had  all  lost  their  no.se.s,  and  were  Bcarreil  on 
the  faei;  (they  had  lieeii  hranded  as  tehms)  tilid  their 
black  visages  seemed  still  daiki'r  in  the  light  of  the 
Linizier.  However,  on  tho  arrival  of  my  father  and 
mother,  they  dropped  their  sw.iguering  w.iys,  and 
assumed  a  lienevolent  look,  though  still  reeking  with 
the  hloiid  of  one  of  their  \  ietiuis.      'I'hey  th.inked   my 

parents  with  aiipireiit  fervour  for  having  .assisti'd  ) r 

•vretches  like  themselves,  on  som(-'  firnu'r  occ.ision. 
Nothing  like  this  had  ever  heen  .seen  lieforo  in  the 
Yakut   country.       Thu   chief    of    these    hrigamls,    a 

'  Cuptttia  C'ec'hnuic  inentiims  Zasliivask,  llie  first  rniisicliTulile 
liiiltiiip-phK-e  tVnui  Yakutsk,  us  a  town  (vnttuiiiinir  seven  Imiusc", 
Hiid  st'voii  inlml)it:iMts.  viz.,  two  cliTL'Vimii   (nf  iliircreiit   iicrsua- 
Ri'ais),  u  iion-citinuu.ssiiiiUMlofTu'iT,  atei  secnuil  ia  4">niiii:itii),  a  imst* 
iimstiT,  a  iiirrebaiit,  luid    aa  old  umI.mv  . — "  I    ..ii\(»,  duraii;  my  i 
Bt'nacti  in  the  navy,  ami   at  a  j.eriml  ulien  senaen  w,  ro  scare* 
seen  a  niercliant-Hliip  with  sixtt'ca  irans  and  otiiy  fifteen  men 
hut  I  nuver  Iwlure  miw  a  town  witli  only  si'Viii  inhahilants," 


(leorgi.in  hy  iarth,  seemed  not  to  he  at  all  rdrecled  hj 
what  was  going  on.  lie  «as  a  fellow  of  large  statinc, 
and  W(n'e,  in  and  aiiout  his  girdle,  a  perfec^t  aiiuoiny 
of  pistols  and  daggers,  which,  with  his  silver  laaided 
ri'd-(;lotli  jiantaloons,  gave  him  a  tnagnilicent  appear 
anee.  I  ni'Ver  saw  such  a  head  in  my  life,  ipid  shall 
never  forget  him,  for  he  held  me  in  his  r.iins,  and 
regalial  mo  with  idl  kinds  of  cakes,  to  ke.p  me  from 
crying.  'I'liankful  enough  were  my  parent.s,  assuredly, 
for  heing  spared  that  plniidering  wliii'h  ridned  ,ill 
around  them.  Aluait  mill  ilay,  tho  rolihcrs,  after  a 
sumptuous  lireakfast,  took  lio.it  once  more  and  reeni- 
liark.'d  on  the  Lena,  carrying  off  a  wondeifiil  wealth 
in  liooty.  The  other  inh.ihilants  had  run  away  into 
the  forest,  and  their  tears  and  lamentations,  when  they 
camo  hack  and  found  their  homes  desolate,  were  piti- 
alile  exceedingly.- 

'  Tho  escape  of  uxili's  is  nut  nil  iiiii'onnnon  tbiin;  in  Siht'riii, 
and  sniiu'tiuies  occasions  trnncndons  iilarni  thiotijxh  the  circuai- 
jiiccnt  (Miiiilry.  In  "Alkinsnii's  'I  ravels  in  the  Kcjrioiis  of  tliK 
f'[ipcr  and  l.oivcr  Aiiioor,"  11  mt  i.'eiilicinan  rchd*  s  an  event  wliicli 
ociiiricd  in  the  Altai,  (liiriii);  tin.' iiK'iitli  of  SeplendnT,  IHuO,  iiiid 
c.insed  a  tjreat  si'Msation  thriaitrhoiit  W'eslern  .^ilieria.  A  party 
ot' ('ossaclvH  thaiidcicd  throuL'!!  the  iiaict  streets  of  Daniiioiil,  a 
liltic  attri*  niiilniu'lit,  and  reused  the  chief  of  tin'  inincis  with  tlal 
intonuation  ihat  Sihcria  w,,s  hcin^  invjidcd  hy  three  tliuiisand 
.Asiatics,  ivho  were  inarcliiii^c  oa  Hiirniioul,  wlicre  4!i -Ot)  Ihs.  ot 
Hold  iiiid  JS.iHK*  Ihs.  of  silver  were  known  to  he  depeslied.  'flare 
caliiu  iinodier  despalch,  increa^in^;  tltc  Iininlier  of  inviulers  to 
si'Veii  thousand,  anti  that  they  w.re  led  hy  an  l-ai^hslanan  (Mr. 
Alkinsiin  liimselt)  -in  fact,  tliat  the  wid  I  ordi-s  ol'A-i.i  liiid  liiest 
fiirlii,  heailcd  iiy  an  Knu'hsli  (ii  n^liis  Kliiin.  A  thiol  despatcli 
raised  the  nimihcr  nt'  the  eneiiiy  to  ten  tiious.iiid,  and  broii|:ht 
news  of  n  Kali. .lick  nia-s:icri'.  'I'nioprt  were  iissciiililcd  from  all 
sides.  I'rince  tiortschi. hell' loo elled  from  Dnask  to  .s^einipiiliitinsk 
(on  thu  liordi  rs  of  the  Kiiyhis  sleiipes),  six  hundred  iniliH  in 
forty  liours.  'I'lic  si'lditrs  piishetHorw aril,  and  I'vcrywlurc  niet 
the  iiihahitants  tl\iu<r,  until,  at  l.ist,  tliey  oiine  within  earshot  of 
more  accnrato  iieclii^'cme,  and  it  was  iiscciiained  tlmt  this  iilnrin- 
inj^  inviision  had  its  stance  iu  a  party  of  forty  ('iriMssisui  prisoners 
who  had  escaped  fro. a  tlio  jjold  mines  on  the  liirions^a.  I'lie-e 
f'ljjiiive  Circassians  had  ii  >  intention  of  invadini;  the  Itiissinii  do- 
minions, their  ohiect  being  to  CM-iipe  trem  tlie  j:ri  iii  Siherian 
prison  to  their  liir  distant  lioim  s.  'I'liey  were  prisoners  of  war, 
and  had  heen  sent  to  work  in  the  inilies  ot'  Silieria.  wllirli  was 
coiisideri'd  aa  act  ot  ::rcat  cruelty.  >urely.  soldiers  wlio  had 
hnively  defended  their  lioiues  deserved  a  hitter  fate  tliiin  to  lie 
mixed  Willi  Ku^^ian  convicts,  many  of  win  in  were  convicts  of  the 
worst  class.  flicse  liravc  fiUows  had  licell  eniployid  at  the  ;:old 
washiiiijsiin  tin?  Il:riiaiss.i,  a  i  iv,  rwliicli  forms  the  h-ainilaryhi-t  ween 
the  Ho\ernnieiits  ef  Irkutsk  and  Veni-sei.  Kieiu  this  ]ilaco  they 
deti'rniiuedtoisiMp,';  an  !,  after  many  dilficnliie-.imide  the  attempt. 
Ity  the  aid  of  sm:iil  (pi.mtities  of  ^olil,  which  they  nianap'd  to 
^ecreto  during  llieir  lal'onrs,  they  proenn  d  a  ritic  and  auimmntion 
for  each  man  troiu  the  'l'artar.s,  wlio  concealed  tlieiu  in  ii  cavern  in 
the  ni'iiintains,  almat  Kevcii  ii  iles  fioin  the  mines.  'I  he  most 
essential  ri'ipiisit«s  fa*  their  future  success  h;al  new  heen  olilaincd, 
hut  at  a  cost  of  ten  times  Ihiir  \aliie.  'I'liere  W.IS  no  fear  of  the 
Tartars  heirayiii;;  thiaii,  as  iheir  own  sateiy  de]teiided  on  their 
sceresy,  and  a  terrihle  punislmieiit  awaited  them  it'  detected  wi'li 
triild  ill  their  ])o-scssion.  On  n  Sut unlay  alternoon,  in  the  latter 
end  of  ,lune,  IS.'jil,  when  *''■■  l.ihours  (if  the  day  were  emU'd,  tlie 
Ciiciissiansipiietly  left  the  mines  in  smiill  parties,  (;oiiii;  in  ditl'erent 
directions  Tlii;;  was  done  without  cxcitiiii;  any  suspicion,  and 
they  met  in  the  evening  at  a  reiidi'zvous,  a  ravine  in  tlu^inoimtain, 
ahout  six  miles  i'roni  the  mines,  in  a  southerly  (fireelioii.  A  stii.l 
of  spare  horses  were  kept  at  pustares  in  the  forest  scveial  inilcn 
from  their  place  of  meet iiiir,  and  at  ahoiit  seven  from  tic  mines. 
\  larjje  party  of  Circiissiaiis  iiriH'ei'ded  tow•ard^  this  jilace,  and 
arrived  near  it  just  at  dusk,  and  three  wt-rc  sent  on  in  ailvniice, 
<-arryiiiir  their  ritles,  as  if  icturniiiL' from  the  hunt.  'I'he  horse- 
kei'pi'rs  were  driviiii;  the  animaU  into  an  inclosnre  to  secure  them 
for  the  iii^lit.  \Vlirii  this  was  iiceo  epli>li,'il.  ill.  v  (liseovcred  tlireo 
ritles  pointed  nt  them,  and  weie  1,1,1  tin  y  w.-uld  he  shot  if  tliejr 
attempted  to  escajie.  .\  shrill  w  histie  call  d  up  the  other  exiles, 
who  instantly  .si'cnred  the  tliiee  men  ;  I  lie  host  horses  ^vere  nt  oiio* 
selected  out  ot  astadof  het ween  Ihri'i' and  four  liniiilrud,  and  ya 
two  of  their  atlenilin's  were  threat  hunters,  and   well  ucipininted 


UP  iND   DOWN   TllK   A.MoOR. 


hi^ 


I.    riu-i' 

isv.in  iiu- 

\A  of  Will", 

uliit'Ii  Wits 
who  liiul 
i!in  t'>  III' 
.■irtof  tin- 

lit  th.'p.M 
y  lu'twct  n 

]iiitlL'  tlll'V 

littciilpt. 
im:i^^'i1  to 
mmiiitioti 
ravurn  it) 
I  Ik-  most 

'i))tiiiii(.'(l, 

■M'of  tlM- 

1  on  lliiir 
rtr.lwi'.li 
tlio  laltiT 
ii(K-4l.  tliu 
lulillt'trtit 
ii'ioii,  and 
iiioiiutain, 
A  sluil 
1  mili'ri 
iiiitu's. 
jilact',  1111(1 
lulvuiire, 
lit.'  liorsc- 

curt'  tllLMU 

iTOil  tlirce 
ot  if  i\\vy 

UlT  CXill'S, 

Ti'  nt  oiRie 
d,  and  lis 


tl 


In  *hi'  spriii;*  of  tlifi  samo  yciir  tlirsn  hrigiiinls  wcrt'  i  Tu  lIil'  iinTf!  s|M'i'fe,iti»r,  not  otlniwiso  iiitrrcsled,  the 
ciiptunMl  iibiiut  si'vi'iity  kii'rt  Worn  Ji^^aiisk  \>y  imi\  iiMns  td' .lii;,ui.sk  wort;  tita'Iy  waiiiiii*^  in  hraiity  or 
siddii'i's  <K'S|nitili('il  tVoiu  ViiUutsk.  Hut  ;i  very  sniull  Viiriciy.  'rii.-ri:  wms  iiolliin^'  tH-oiywliorc  lnit  ii  wide 
part  of  th(!  hi^nty  was  rotMivorrd,  tho  rest  had  hcon  i;i»n  Hat  rountry,  shut  in  hotwi'i'ii  luw  hills  and  thirk  sorubby 
8uniud  or  si(uandered  in  une  way  or  another.  wood,    into   whicU  a  ilii;  woidd   find   muiuu   trouble  in 


with  the  iti'iiintain  rcpoiiH  iirouiid,  tlio  Circassians  rurricd 
llicni  all  iiway  to  art  as  ^uidi's  to  thu  Cliin  .s(>  rroiiliiT,  and  to 
pri'vi'iit  till'  d'Mcovoiy  ot  their  nuMns  of  tli^hl  till  thiy  h:id  l'"'  a 
^food  start:  moreover,  tln'y  tirned  the  renminder  of  tin*  stud  out 
of  tho  iiit'lost'd  tfnmiid,  and  d'ove  tlieiit  into  the  forest,  to  make 
It  appear  .that  they  hail  hrokeii  Iomm-,  and  that  the  atis.-ut  men 
were  seiireliin:;  for  tiiem.  I'iiey  departed,  earryin^;  t)!!'  litly  tiae 
horsos.  No  time  was  lost  in  rt-aeliin'^  their  trifids  in  tlie  uieii, 
who  received  tliein  witli  sluntsuf  joy  An  lionr  Itefore  midni^dit. 
w'litiit  the  miHMi  roHc  to  li)^ht  them  on  their  way,  th*'y  cuuimunced 
theirfli^lit. 

Tlio  hunters  led  thorn  southward,  throu^'h  rnu'Rt'd  passes  and 
over  several  ridj^es,  witliout  once  stojipiii;;,  till  they  reaela"*!,  a 
little  before  sunrise,  a  hiu'l'  sumaiit,  whenee  they  e(»uld  look  down 
upon  the  gold  mine,  and -lisiinijai-'h  the  smoke  eurhnj;  up  fn)ui 
the  (ires  tlml  are  eoiist  .  :ly  kept  huriii'^'  to  drive  away  those 
pests,  the  mnsqmtoes.  Havire^  taken  a  last  look  of  tlie  place  of 
their  exile,  they  lia'<teiied  onward  iiitoa  ^ra-^y  vai.ey,  where  they 
fed  their  horses,  and  hreakinted.  After  a  rest  they  puslu'd  on 
a;^Min.  They  presently  eauH-  up'tn  a  mountain  torrent,  overwliieh 
'hey  crossed  with  ureal  ddlh-ulty.  Their  mareh  was  cotitinneil 
till  near  nijjlitd'all,  w'heii  tln^y  eneaniiu'd  ni  perfect  seenrity,  still 
Keeping  strict  };uard  over  their  ;;uide.s.  Da  the  iveniii^  of  the 
f  Mil  th  day  they  ascended  the  last  sum  ant  of  tlieS  liaa,  crossed  the 
eres*.  of  the  cha.n,  ami  drscen  led  into  a  nnro  v  v  iHey,  when!  they 
eaeainped  for  tho  nV^ht.  Tiu-y  liail  now  passeil  the  Chinese 
frontier,  and  the  puides  knew  no'hinif  of  the  reijion  heyond  this 
pnint  ;  they  were,  therefore,  set  tV-'c,  ind  then'  rille-j  lianded  to 
them.  A  ltooiIIv  supply  uf  venison  had  h-ea  oh'  lined  on  tho 
march,  and  tins  eveniu;^  was  pa-*srd  in  feistim;  and  enj  'vnent..  At 
daylireak  they  separated,  tt.e  S  lirri  ins  to  rettnn  to  then-  honn  s ; 
the  Circassians  were  lel't  to  tlirir  own  tesunrees  ui  a  wild  re;jion 
ahoundini;  in  dcp  aU'l  ra|)id  lon-eai",  lliit  fo  ce  I  tii  -n  to  seek  a 
route  near  the  head  waters  of  many  lavi^'e  streams  wliieii  fall  into 
the  V«nissei.  Tins  led  them  in  a  south  westerly  din'i'i  loa,  and 
after  a  rideof  fuir  days,  tliey  reachi'd  tint  riv'-r,  in  I's  hasai 
between  the  Saian  and  I'aiiir'iou  Mountain-.  Here  it  is  broad, 
dec]),  and  rapid,  rendering;  n  daiiir 'PHIS  ro  "wim,  while  to  follow 
the  stream  up  towards  its  sonree  woiijil  t  ike  them  t  -o  far  to  the 
eastward,  and  mii;lit  place  iheni  in  iidiajerous  position  if  pur- 
sued. A  little  below  them  tlie  ripids  c  Mnmenee,  and  extend 
several  miles  to  the  end  'fa  ijor^e,  ri-nt  ni  tlie  m  mntain.iu  which 
are  the  (ifreat  falls.  At  this  place  a  body  o:  water.  2o(>  yards  in 
breadth,  rolls  over  n  -u  re>sioa  of  eise.des,  'i,S(l.>  feet  in  hei>xlit. 
i'be-ie  are  contained  in  a  space  of  ah  'Ut  ii  mile,  and  the  thunder- 
ini,' of  the  water  is  echoed  far  over  tlie  mointains  Under  these 
cireiimstances.  the  t'uLrnives  were  ohl'^d  tosvim  the  river  with- 
out dehiy,  which  was  not  aeciiiiplished  witiiont  datii^er,  as  they 
were  carried  far  down  tih-  str.-am.  1  hey  now  entered  into  amost 
njj^ijed  ro'/ion,  witli  no  i;uide  but  the  scrtui:;  sun,  and  they 
watched  it  descend  daily  over  tne  I  in  1  of  their  iiirth,  loAards 
which  they  coustanlly  thrected  thei.-  coufse.  Tnis  was  tln'ir  tirs! 
error —tboir  route  oiiijhl  to  have  iji.iie  simhiM'ly  to  the  rans_'non 
chain.  After  many  days  of  <everet(n  I,  i  tiey  reach  id  the  lliver  Aiiinij. 
which  rolls  iwer  its  rocky  lied  in  an  iin  neiise  torrent.  This  tbev 
conld  not  ero-is.  and  they  were  co  a  pel  led  to  I  urn  t  >  wards  its  source, 
which  brou:;ht  them  wli-re  n  itun'  wi-ars  her  most  -iavai.'eitspi'ct,into 
a  ^'I'onpof  mounlaiase\tendiii'„nwcra  vast  -ji  i.-e,  that  reaches  U|)  to 
the  shores  of  the  Altin  Kool  or  Allua  Ka|"(l.ld  Lake,"  to  the 
Tehouhshman,  and  to  i)io  litL^li  pl.iteaa  of  the't'chouia,  the  most  ele- 
vated steppe  in  the  \ltai.  riiis  recoil  is  a  chaos  of  rocks,  hiudi 
precipices,  deep  ravines,  and  roarin.,Morrents.  itfteii  fonnini;  impas- 
sable birriers.  MorclhiU  thn-e  wei-ks  were  pissed  by  the  exiles 
in  tlnist!  labyrintlis  of  rock,  wooil,  iuid  water;  while  many  vain 
clForts  were  made  lo  cross  tlie  Ab:ikan  The  nameroiis  ravines 
throii'.;b  which  the  mountain  toiTcnts  (ivid  their  way  into  this 
river,  and  the  lil^h  )»reeipiees  risini;  aloui;  its  eom-se.  eventnally 
forced  tlio  wanderers  to  the  sinitb-wcst.  In  a  few  days  ttiev 
readied  the  rei;iou  of  eternal  snow,  and  saceei'ded  in  erossini;  the 
Abakan  far  up  ttiwards  its  so  nve.  Another  dilHcnlty  now  Inset 
tbeiii —winter  hatl  alrenlv  eominciu'cd  in  the  hiijher  reu'ions  t<i 
the  south;  wliicJi,  with  toe  ru'_'^red  nature  of  the  country,  innicd 
them  to  the  northward  a  most  dan^^eroiis  coiise.  Had  the  un- 
fortunate warriors  known  bat  a  hull' of  the  p'(t„n"aphy  of  these 
regions,  they  would  have  euntiaued  tlieir   ronte  to  tliu  uotiih,  amt 


cro-sed  the  Tan^u  lU  Mountains;  bat  tluir  iminense  suipwy  jieaks 
no  iloiibt  uUvined  them,  while  the  lower  raUjji  i  tntnewist  siemed 
t(i  invite  tbem  towards  Circas.sia.  After  jiasKiii^'  the  TaiiLMicm, 
and  reaebin^f  tlie  country  of  the  Kalkiis,  nil  danger  from  Siberia 
wtaild  have  been  at  an  end,  and  a  ride  >>t'  twenty -live  da\s  to  tlie 
wtstward  wouhl  have  bronj,'lit  tbein  to  the  Kir^diis  triU's,  amon^ 
whom  they  would  have  found  a  lanmiaue  ttey  understocd  and  » 
veli^'ion  like  tlieir  -wn,  and  bnve  met  with  Iriemis  to  nid  tin  in  in 
their  Itui^;  ride  over  the  vast  Asiatic  iilains,  in  the  direction  of 
their  lioincs.  Instead  of  this  they  entered  into  a  nvioii,  the 
physical  nature  of  wliieh  jiradually  lorced  tlieiii  to  thenoitli-west, 
and  at  len^ftb  they  ^l^uck  upon  tlie  eastern  hboies  of  the  Altin- 
Kool.  Here  their  last  chance  of  kuccss  presented  itselt".  A 
aialignmit  fate,  b(»wt'ver,  seems  lo  liave  ]iut>ned  them.  This 
larjje  lake,  with  its  rock  Imniiil  chores,  sli<pp<d  tluir  prnj^rcHS 
westward;  Htdl  a  route  wits  cipcn  for  them  toward  the  Tclnaiia, 
whence  a  ride  of  tifteeii  (ia\s  would  have 'aken  thein  across  the 
IvoiirichuuK',  and  into  ji  place  of  security.  Hut  here  aj;ain,  a 
sin;^Milar  fatality  turned  tliciii  towards  the  norlb.  'J'hcy  came 
upon  that  part  of  the  lake  which  extends  in  a  ntatli  easterly 
direction,  U  about  iiftei-n  miles,  to  where  1 1  e  KampifulK  into  it. 
After  CO'  .lierable  ('.lilieulties  they  sucreed' d  in  nacbai^  the 
river,  an  I  rode  alon^  its  bank  for  man)  miles  before  faniiij;  a  foiu. 
heaving  the  Kam^a,  tl  e\  crested  i\  hi^h  r  tip-,  and  struck  u{ion  a 
Kalmuck  trail,  which  tbey  lolhwid  'l'lii>  led  tbnn  alon^'  the 
mountains  wliieh  skirt  tbenortin'in  shores  ol  tlie  I:!*.,  till  they 
reached  the  I'ea  the  only  outlet  of  1  he  Altin-Kool.  lmn>(diately 
on  issmnij  (roiii  the  lake  the  river  enters  ii  i'oeh\  p  r^je,  in  which 
it  runs  for  iilnait  thirty  miles  'I  liront:hoiit  tla>  distai  cc  it  is  a 
succession  ot  rapids  and  falls,  ovet  wliicb  neither  man  nor  a' i><  al 
can  pa.ss.  *M.  re  than  two  inoiahs  hml  now  eljijiseil  sii.n'  the  po.r 
•cllows  hail  Jell  the  Hiricassn.  ami  they  were  still  in  iheii  Sibe- 
rian pnsiHi.  Jhiiiii}.'-  this  peri' il  tiny  lad  sail*  n  d  boihiioin 
lian::er  and  fatii;ne.  altlion|:b  ^;anie  «;i>  sil  niid  i.i  in  mio  \  ot 
the  rce;ions  ibron^'h  which  tlicy  passed  \'.  hen  i  uMi  ^  i>  iht; 
only  source  ot  a  inan's  snb-isteijce,  the  sii]  pi\  illen  jirnvcs  pie- 
carions,  as  ad  will  find  who  try.  Ki'llowii  j;  t  In  luiui.laiiis  al- n;/ 
the  eastern  bank  o|  ti-e  liea,  »liey  reached  a  p:a-t  of  the  com, try, 
thinly  inhibited  by  Kaltnacl-s,  liviHi.'  uiiilcr  lii:sMaii  suay,  Al 
k'li'.^tii  lliey  utri\edat  a  Kalnaiek  a  nl,  and  ^ot  into  ililHciil  ies 
with  the  pecple,  but  wliellier  the  Kalimieks  Mlten-litnl  tu  sl.p 
them,  or  threatened  to  call  in  the  aid  ot  the  Covsncl  s  to  take 
ttiein  prisoner-,  it  is  imposMllc  losay.  The  .  isi'UtiMinf  itnn  t.  ly 
eal'd  in  a  battle,  when  several  Kalmucks  weu-  Uilhd,  aid  tli<  ir 
a-iil  hiirmMl.  'JhoM' wiio  escapt  d  convtu-d  the  terrible  Utws  to 
otticr  tribes,  and  all  beeaine  alarund.  Siim-  ntieated  into  the 
I'oi-i'sts  with  their  tinniliis  ami  cat  tie,  while  otl.cis  curried  the 
alarm  to  the  Cossack  foil,  at  Santl\  p.  Tlie  oflicer  in  con  iiniiid 
wiis  cliiuik  when  the  news  urrivt'd  :  liem-e  Ihi-se  exai:pratid  dis- 
pa'ches  wliicb  foUiiwed  each  (ttber  in  rapid  sacci  ^sion.  'I  he 
Circassians  citiiinnlted  a  fatal  ei ror  b_\  inpi-iii;,'  in  contlict  with 
the  pi-i.plc,  as  the  alarm  spread  rapioly  in  evi  r\  diiect.oii.  ;>iid 
left  no  chance  for  their  t.scupc.  Conlaiiiin^Mheii  course  To  the 
northward.  they  pas.sed  beuaal  lie  raj.ids,  and  suecnici  in 
swiaimin;:  their  lior>es  o\er  llie  Ilea.  Fn  m  this  point  tiie\tiaia<l 
to  the  south,  whicli  led  liiem  into  the  iiiomilains  between  lleaaial 
Katounia.  The  river  in  the  nionniaiiis  is  me  saccc.-sa  n 
ot  rapids,  so  that  tlieru  are  tew  places  win  re  it  can  b- 
cro^seil,  even  in  canoes;  il  is  impossible  tosv^iin  the  toncM 
I'lu'  bi-jher  numntains  to  the  soutli  I  eii  jj  di't  p  in  siiov\ 
placed  the  tuu'itivcs  iu  a  trap.  \\  la  n  their  rtal  nun  I.ei 
was  discovered,  the  ilbisiim  respcrtini;  tleir  loice  was  utsnoyed, 
and  (he  KalmiicU  prepared  with  asavuire  dt  tei  imnai  ion  to  avi  ii^t- 
l!ie  blood  that  nad  be.  n  shed.  A  bod\  f!  n.ni  weit  soon  eel- 
h-cled;  ihc\  were  st  anil  h  as  hloodhimnds,  ut  d  linl  I  e(  n  siiann 
foi't'd  in  ruanin;:  d.iwn  tneir  ]a-.  y.  .<couts,  sent  torward  to  Ioll..w 
the  trail,  were  follow. 'd  by  Siberian  hnn*ers  who  ki.ew  e\ery 
mountain  pass  and  torrent.  Moanicd  <ni  yroud,  fiesb  b<nsit.,lhey 
raptdl\  cl.ised  upon  the  hiiritivis;  and.  on  ilic  evening;  ot  the 
tliird  day  of  tliea-  pursuit,  encamped  williin  ti  ree  miles  nt  tlum. 
riic  Circassians  were  on  their  march,  with  the  tirst  ^ileam  of 
dawn,  towards  tlie  upper  end  of  the  narrow  vaUey,  wliicb  led 
tbem  into  a  pass.  Tiny  observed  that  their  enemies  were  pro- 
ceeding in  two  divisions — one  lidinif  np  the  rid^re  a  little  to  the 
we:>twurd,  and  the  otlu'r  on   their  tiuuu.     Tluii  caused   them    to 


!  I 
:  t 

I     '  t 


;■  I 


I  ! 


1,; 
i 

!    i 
1 

I    i 

'      il 
'      '    i 

,1     >i 
u 


ni   > 


n 


i  ]n 


810 


ALL  ROUND  TIIK   WORLD. 


tlinisliiii;  Ills  !i(iH(<,  Voii  cmiM  not  iiilvinii'c  (mi  Htt'ps  in 
this  wciimI  willnmt  Niiikiii^'  up  tii  v'liir  JiiitrH  in  n 
Bliil'liiii^  and  miry  Imijj.  'I'lio  winlrr  iiistt'il  fur  ci>;lit 
iiiiiMllis,  tnr  wliiili  |iiri(>(i  wiirm  cldllicH  wcro  iiidia- 
pi'Msiililc  ;  two  iiiniillis  fur  spiiiij;  luid  t«o  for  nutuiiiii, 
jciivi'S  liiit  II  piioi  |illt:iii.'(^  t'di' a  dolcl'iil  siiiniiier.  T)iu 
xuKW  nsis  lis  lii^jli  as  tlij  houses,  tli(<  wind  lilnws  stroiij; 
cniiii:,'h  to  knork  you  oll'yoiir  Ir^js,  the  frost  cuts  Mliort 
\  our  lu'calhini;,  and  for  two  whole  nioutlis  the  sun  is 
liid  Iroin  your  siyht.  'I'o  till  tlietruth,  were  theelioiee 
allowed,  no  one  would  have  seheted  .li;,'aiisk  a.s 
1  is  liirth-iilivee.  The  iidialiitants  of  tliis  happy  town 
are  'J"un},'usiaus,  and  muster  aliout  -IHO  or  /idO  men. 
They  livi'  liy  the  ehasi-,  and  eoui'se  over  a  sea  of  iee 
t«o    iiundred    ni\  linnielics    in   eiirumfereuee       Thev 


liiin'V  imwiird,  linriiiL'  <"  1 miil'IiI  in  tlii"  piiwi.     Antlicy  woruini 

II  piinl  triH'k  t!ii'ir  liiir^i's  wrre  iint  Hpiircil,  iiiut,  in  littlo  innie 
lliiin  iiM  lioiti,  tliry  r<-iMli('il  iiiiotlur  viillry,  wliii-)i  i'\tt'ii«lcil  tnr 
iKiiiiy  iiiilcs  to  ilif  east  aiul  wist.  Tin'  (ilijt'ct  nf  tlmt.  division  of 
llair  I'lir-iins,  vvlio  wiTiMTossai;:  tht' riil^'i*,  was  ii"U-  vi>iIiU-';  it 
Uii-t  Iti  i.rc\iMit  tiu'ir  i'-i('a|u'  to  tlu'  wc-twanl.  i  In'  jii'isomth 
fonili  nril  ilifir  r'tie  to  llic  ciistwiirt^aiMl  foiiml,  al'trr  |;iiiiii;  a  lew 
it'ilrs.  lli-it  tliey  wire  in  a  siicrc^sion  ot  small  viillt-yH  that  li  cl 
tlii'iii  11)1  luMviiii  the  aitiuiii.iiiis  in  the  Mioiw  region.  llel'nrL' 
turn  iij"  a  jittiui^  point,  tiny  iiM-ertaiiiMl  that  the  Kiiliiiiii'kH 
ui  re  II  >u'  t'oito\Mii-,;  on  their  inicli',  at  ahint  tliree  iiiilt'!4  (tisUint, 
uittiont  ii]ioar<*titly  nial^iiic  iiny  iilt(-in|it  to  apitroacli  iumot.  It 
vvasii'l  !ill  111  ;.•  pii.-t  iiiiil-ilay  tliat  liny  were  olisiiveil  to  Ik" 
r.ipltlly  L'nliiii'^  upon  tliiin.  I'li^hiiii;  on  tlieir  tiicil  streils 
iivaiietl  ii"Iii;n^,  lis  eaeh  few  iiiinnirs  hroii^lit  their  ein'iiiies  in 
elo^iT  pro\iiit!iy.  Presently,  a  spent  liall  striiek  one  of  their 
lii)r>es,  Hl.'eli  sitowi'tl  tin'  hunters  were  trying'  tlie  ran;;e  of  t'leir 
r  lli-i,  mill  iliiit  tliey  inleinleil  niiscl.iel.  At  h'n;;th,  the  hiiiij-ry 
le.u  \Mi\ -W't-ii  xMirrioi's  were  ilri\eii  into  a  inouiitaiii  pii^s,  ami 
r.ile  h...>s  Ix-.iin  to  drop  fast  aroiiml  tlniii,  lla\iti^'  ri  ai-heil  ii 
i.;i:row  ]  lit  I'l'  tin-  L'orp-  where  ii  w;is  striwn  wlli  fa  ten 
rifk^,  tin  \  iiiii'le  a  ^tiiiid,  iind  I'eiiiri  rd  tlie  tire  with  etVeet, 
lor  sixir.l  s.nt  lies  heeaiue  vaeanl.  In  ii  lew  iiioiiK'Hts 
tiny  III  rived  a  lieavy  Volley,  wliill  some  of  the  ex.ies 
wrre  V  oMhded,  not wit.-tandin^  their  sin  Iter,  mid  sever.d  horses 
w,iv  killed.  Tiny  now  stood  at  hay,  deteniiiniil  never  to  j 
V  ^1  id.  I  heir  ])iii'siiers  uutniimliered  tiieni  live  to  one,  iind  knew 
i\erye:air  mid  '.iiniin^  in  the  raviin  s,  wh  eli  eealtled  llieia  to 
t:ike  ^in  .11  •  liiiUet  I'lnild  toll,  li  them,  wheueotliey  eoulil 

piek   olf  th  i.t-,  and  linee  the  survivors  to  reiire  Iroiii 

every  p^slti,  'n-,;!!!.     Kaeli  new  post  was  held  wiili  tin* 

daunted  ei.,..  1  iliininislied   mini  hers  eompelled  the  Cireas- 

siaiis  au'iiin  to  nir.  lit;  evrry  rail  lo  siirremU  r  heiiii^  answered 
Willi  a  siiout  of  deli  .nee.  W  hile  tlie  wipik  otslani;liter  was  (join;; 
on,  Ilii'lit  shroiidid  tile  e  nnlialalits,  iilid  under  e<iViT  of  the  dark  ■  I 
ee>s  lilteeii  of  the>elirave  nieii  e^e!llled  on  fi'ot  iiseendin^' liirlin-r  1 
into  ilie  inoiiiitaiii>,  and  leavii  ;^  ilieir  horses  to  their  na'reile>s 
enemies.  1  hoii^di  iln-ir  p-siliou  liad  lieeouio  desperate,  tliey 
.seniMililid  on,  liopim;  to  Iind  sliellc-r  from  tlie  eiittiiij;  lilust.  At 
leiiL'lli.  they  naehed  some  deep  ivees^es  in  tlie  riK'ks,  where  tiny 
dccidid  to  pass  tin' iii;;lit  ;  tiny,  however,  dared  not  li|;lit  u  lire, 
a>  that  w-iiil.l  uMiide  liie  K.ilmui-ks  to  their  retreat.  Tin)  iii^iit 
p;is-td  without  t;n  ir  heiii::  di>eovered.  \\  itii  the  first  iri'iiy  dawn 
ot  iinTii  tiny  eommenerd  their  weary  iiiairh,  and  sealed  the  nn-ky 
In  i;:iits  lietbre  them,  w lieiiee  tliey  had  u  view  of  tin'  vast  siiow- 
ilad  pi'aks  aliovf,  wliiili  stoppml  all  farther  progre-^s  in  that 
direetion.  llark  eloii  is  were  ^'aiherin;^  uroiiinl  tliesti  rn.'p'd 
crests,  lielokiuiiiiL'  an  up  'ro.iehiiiiy  nloiin,  an  evil  omen  for  the 
exiles.  Alter  eaii  t'liily  sraniii  ^  the  <*oiintry  in  seareii  of  their 
piir^ii'-rs,  not  one  ot'  wiiieli  was  visible,  tliey  turned  to  the  west, 
skir-lin^  iiIoiil:  the  lose  of  one  of  the  gianis  of  the  eliain  towards 
a  f  ifrsi  of  eed.irs  wliieli  eoviri'd  a  low  roiky  ridp'. 

'llie  linnters  had  not  lii'eii  idle;  loni;  Is'lore  ihyli^jlit  np|ieui'ei1, 
two  )iarlies  had  liiell  Si'lit  Co  .\;ird  to  loiiii  u,iihil-li»  s  »  lieri'  it  was 
e.\ptelid  tlie  Cirnesinns  would  he  (»li!i::ed  to  pass,  while  the  main 
Imdv  reinaineil  lici  iinl  to  i-l  .ir  the  ravine,  ll.-iuir  eoiivilleed  tiiat 
the  I'ori.-t  would  aiV  id  llie'ii  the  oily  means  of  eseais',  the  fiiiii- 
fives  pu-lied  on  lo  that  diieelioii.  Tlo'y  had  reaelnd  within  two 
lundicil  yards  of  the  wood,  when  a  |iiill  ol  white  smoke  appeared 
in  li  thiiket,  seiidiii};  a  kmlen  niesM'iiL'er  that  proved  fital  to  one 
of  tlnir  eoinra.les.  Tliey  n..w  made  nil  nltemnt  to  riMcli  ti.e 
felieltiT  of  some  ri>eks.  hut  lit-fore  tliry  had  piocrd-tl  twi-iitv 
paces,  fivu  utUers  hud  fullcii.     A  savajje  shout  to  Mirivnoir  ^-rcel'  d  _ 


('(dh'ct  tile  Imuiis  of  will!  lM<ftsts,  tlio  mainniotli  lionen, 
iimi  kill  tliii  rein  deer,   tliu  elk,   the   balile,    tlio  miii'leii, 
the  rud  fox,   8i|uii'i'els,   tTiniia's,  and  bliiek  and    whiiu 
hear/i. 

Yet,  whatever  a  roiiiitry  may  he,  it  is  rarely  with- 
out soiiietliiu;ja^ret>ahlo.  If,  during  their  two  iiioiith.snf 
the  Kiimmei',  thu  iiilialiitaiit.s  of  iri;;aiisk  seo  the  sun 
iilway.4  ill  the  horizon,  and  thosi;  who  iir«  "not  to  the 
matter  liorii,"  have  koiiui  dillieulfy  in  dec-idiuK  when  ii  u 
lied  time,  tho  watei-s  in  the  environs  of  tlij-aiisk,  iiin 
unrivalled  for  tlu^  aliiindaueii  and  ipialiiy  of  their  ti>li 
lleru  are  caiioht  tli«  kiiIiuo  nelma,  the  ahletle,  the 
Htur<;(Miii,stei'let.s,ehar,t1ieoiual  and  thoKalino  lavorelu.-<. 

Most  of  this  fxeelh'iit  lisli  is  tlii'own  away,  for  two 
re;i.soiis  ;  first,  U'euiise  there  i.s  no  salt  to  ho  Inuj  to 
pieservo  them;  and  next,  lieeauso  it  is  the  eii.-l' m, 
Tlio   Tuiigiisu  di),'   a   deep   treiuli    near   their    tislnui,' 


llielrpura  from  u  liiri;e  (iiirly  in  tlieir  rctir,  tlmt  were  fast  elosln;; 

ill  upon  them.     I'lieir  last  lew  shets  were  spi'iit  on  the  ailva ,' 

liiily,  and  not  willioiil  iU'eet  j  linn  thev  iiiaile  u  rush  to  riiicli  the 
for.  at ;  lint  only  four  were  destined  to  (jiiiii  its  rover,  iiiid  s.  ine  of 
Ihe-e  were  Wounded.  The  lliiek  niidiTwoiKl  wni  ned  Ih,'  pnr 
filiows  I'rmii  the  volley  wliieli  »  hisiled  iil>er  tlieiii,  and  slopped 
the  llrin^',    as   flay   w.ro  soon    lo-t    in    the    den-e   and    tiiiL'lid 

I  ninehes.     Vlie  elouds,  wliiili  h.id  hec n>  lilaeki  r,  lienan  i»iiirii.u' 

down  rain  iiinl  sleet,  i>eeom|.amid  hy  a  liercu  (rule,  w  hieli  liriai-la 
Ilieir  eneioieii  to  11  stand,  and  eansed  lliiiii  to  prepare  an  eneiiiii|- 
mint  undir  the  eedars.  Two  small  parties  were  sent  on  in  piir- 
suit,  liut  these  Were  nhortly  eom|, 11,. d  to  return  wiilioiil  havini? 
dis,,ivereil  the  retreat  of  the  reii.iinnt  of  the  );allant  liiiinl.  'I  h.i 
St. .1111  had  now  U'cnne  n  liunieaiie,  driving  the  mow  into  i  L.i 
lialiipii.s  and  tthirliin;  it  into  eddies,  whieli  n  ade  it  dilll,  nil  t.i 
see  oliji.els  at  II  few  yards  dislame.  'I'liiseontinned  f  .1  thiee  iiavs 
withoiil  inlirinissioii,  ain;  tln'ii  the  iiKanitaiiis  w,ie  eovered  lU .  p 
ill  snow,  wliieli  deternd  the  linnters  I'roin  iiiakiiii,'  «ny  Inrllier 
nlli'inpt  to  Iind  llie  fiij,'itives.  The  winter  had  also  net  iii.  with  a 
pi.rein^;  Irost.and  this  no  doulit  Boon  ineoinpl  shed  that  which  the 
rilles  of  the  Kalinu.  ks  had  spared.  The  four  Lireussiaiis  were 
never  seen  npiiii,  nor  any  trace  of  them  finnid. 

'  One  of  the  three  (ireat  udvanlap's  which  liussia  derives  from 
.'siheria  is  the  tiado  in  ivory.  '1  h.ni^-h  in  mere  Hinouiit  this  Irainli 
isof  eomparative'y  little  value,  yet  it  is  well  ivorthy  of  honouridiln 
mention,  us  haviin;,  in  a  liiuh  decree,  promoted  the  progress  of  p-o- 
jfiapliical  discovery.  It  was  in  the  eii(;er  pursnit  of  the  Units  of 
the  iiiainmolh,  that  most  of  the  northern  inlunilii  were  visi'ed 
ami  explond;  islands  which,  when  lakea  in  conmetion  with  their 
inistiri.Mis  treasure*,  invest  the  Asiatic  coii-st  of  the  AritiiOceaii 
with  an  iatenst  unknown  to  the  eoi  responding  shores  of  Aiin'rieii. 
Moiis.vcr,  us  more  skill  and  jnilgmint,  and  pirhuiis  also  ampler 
meiiis,  are  reipiired  for  disinterrn.g  or  selecting  tnsks  than  for 
hiiiitiiig  or  piirehasing  (ikins,  u  superior  class  of  men  liiive(;ene- 
raily  devoted  tliciiisclves  to  ilie  former  neiipalion  ;  and  pi  rlnipa 
the  most  interesling  feature  in  Haroii  Wraiigel's  interesting  Isiok 
eonsi.sts  of  the  occasional  glimpses  of  the  proceedings  and  dis|Kisi- 
tioa  of  It  eollector  of  ivory  of  the  imiio  of  Dercshnoi.  'Iheivory 
fetches  from  forty  to  sevenly  rouhhs  a  |iood,  or  from  <nio  shilling 
to  one  shilling  and  iiiia.|Kiico  n  |Hiunil,  iiecording  to  its  state  of 
pri'si'rvation.  The  tusks  a|ipi.|>r  to  1)0  fresher  as  we  advance  l.i 
the  northwurd — a  eirciimstance  which  seems  to  eoriolHirutc  the 
notion  that  the  etimatu  has  had  somethiiig  lo  do  with  their 
continued  exisleueu  in  an  organic  form.  It  ii|ipears  to  lie  some- 
what more  than  a  curious  coincidence,  that  the  Ikmu's  of  the 
smaller  class,  snch  as  those  of  the  horse,  the  hellido,  the  ox,  ami 
t'  e  sheep,  have  l.ecii  discovered  only  in  the  remotest  north. 
Providi-nce  had  Uius  seen  tit,  in  some  distant  sge,  to  dc|M)sit  ill 
the  very  coldest  re>;i.ai  on  llie  face  of  the  glolic,  an  iiicxhaiistihle 
supply  of  an  organic  siihstance,  which  hU  previous  ex|H'rieiico 
wonlil  have  exjH-ctisl  to  discover  only  ill  tropical  eliines.  'J'lie 
hones  of  the  iiiamnioili  are  found  in  the  greatest  tthnndaiiee 
tlirougliont  all  the  northvvcstcrii  parts  of  Kastern  Silnria. 
Sjirini;  after  spring,  the  Hllnviid  hanks  of  the  lakes  and  rivers, 
crninhling  iin.ler  the  thaw,  give  up,  as  it  were,  their  dead;  and 
iH'yonii  t lie  very  vcri:eoftlie  inhahitetl  world,  the  islands  lying 
opjios'te  to  the  mouth  of  tlie  Yarrn,  and,  as  there  is  reason  lor 
hclieviiig,  evi  11  the  bed  of  the  (K-enii  itself,  literally  ti*ciii  with 
these  mysterious  memorinU  of  antiquity.     How  did  these   Uaies 

.nie  there  ? 


nP  AMD  DOWN  TUfi  AMOOft. 


Ill 


nnioth  liotios, 
,  tliu  iiiarli'ji, 
Ic  uiul    wliilu 

I  niri'ly  witli- 
two  iiiiintli.siif 
:  Hi'ti  tilt'  mm 
r  "net  to  III.' 
>iif{  wlii'ii  ii  u 
•li;.'iin.Ml<,   lun 

'irtlii'ii-  li>li. 

itl'Irttf,  tJM' 
mo  lavoiiiii>. 
iwiiy,  Cor  two 
"    li(!   Ii;i(l    (.1 

till!     Cll.-I'IM. 

tlii'ir    (i.sliii,.' 


I'lV  fil-t    lln-ill^r 

I  tlii>  uiU;tr>i'in;( 
liili  to  riji-li  till- 
IT,  mill  s.  nil'  lit 
I'liii'il  III,'  I r 

III,    mill  Hlli|  :|iril 

■II  mill  tiiiiL'li'l 
,  lir^;mi  jMMiMi.-^ 

wllilll    l)llill;;llt, 

ire  nil  i  iii':iiii|i- 
I'lit  nil  ill  |iiii. 
iviiliiiiil  hiiMii;; 
lilt  liiinil.  'I  III) 
midw  lull.  ii,,i 
.'  It  liillii  nil  I.I 
I  I'm  lliii'i'  iinvH 
1'  (I'M  rill  ill  I  |i 

IIK  "iii.v  luilliiT 
I  M'l.  III.  Willi  a 
tlllll    Wllii'li  till' 

ircai'hiuiiti  ui-ro 

in  dt'i  ivr»  t'rnm 

lint  tills  Iriiiirli 

■  >l'liiiiiiiiinil>ln 

riigri'sa  nliiiii- 

if  till'  Uiiimiif 

will)    Visi'lll 

lull  U'illi  tlii'ir 

An  til' ( let -mi 

■I'S  I't'Aiiu'ri.'ii. 

IS  iiImi  Hiii|il('r 

|u.'-kii  tlimi  tor 

I'll  Imvi'^'i'iii'- 

Hiiil  pii'lia|ii 

'I'l'stin^  liouk 

mill  ilis|Hi.si' 

'1  111'  ivory 

line  nliilliii^' 

|>  ItH  stiito  of 

'  iiilvmii'i.  til 

■Dlmrati'  thii 

with    tlii'ir 

to  he  Hiiini'' 

Jilt's    ot     tliu 

the  ox,  mill 

iitt'st  iiiirtli. 

tli'|H)tiit  ill 

filimistililii 

i'x|K'rlt'iu'u 

liiiiiit.      'Jlio 

aliiimlmM'u 

'II     Sllh'ria. 

anil  rlvt'rs, 

iliatl;  mill 

laiiils  l}'iii|; 

rt'iiHoii  tor 

tlH'Ill    w  itli 

lit'Sti  buuSf 


«ti\tions,  nnil,  aft(>r  RiittinEf  ami  s|ililting  their  fi'Sh, 
Imrv  til. "11  tliiT.'.  mill  I'.iviT  tlioiii  hvit.  NVIifii  thoy 
hiiM'  waslt'il  siillirii'iitly,  ami  lii'i'omi)  aim  wt  a  ji'lly, 
tlii'V  ai'ii  ill  till'  iliiiiity  imhi  litioii  in  wliirli  tlii'  'riiii- 
({iis..  most  I'i'li.sli  thi'iii.'  VVIieii  I  was  a  I'liilil  I  u.sijil 
to  I'.it  tlii'iii  ill  this  Htatii ;  wlii'ii  at  lioiiu-.  ami  aliroail, 
]  am  not  liy  any  nit'ans  iiiiwilliiii;  to  t'ltt  thtsm  so  again, 
wli 'iii'viT  tiiti  o|i|iortiiiiity  oH'nf-  ilsi'lt". 

Alioiit  forty  yi'irs  a','o,  tlit'ro  was  liviiijj  at  Jigaii.sk 
n  llii^--iiii  Woman,  liy  naiiii'  Ai{ri|i|iiiia  ((li/rii-jioit  ); 
in  ^'llkllt,  Snli-hii  ;  tliis  woman  my  uramlniotliiT  kimw 
liy  -ii,'lit.  Slii;  pasHi  .1  for  a  .sori't'i'iMS,  ami  happy  wi'i'o 
thus  '  llioii'^'lit  towai'iU  wliom  sho  t'litcrtaint'il  a  kiinlly 
fi'  liiii;,  wliilti,  on  tliii  I'oiitrary,  those  whom  hIii-  ili.s- 
liUi'.l  were  evervwliere  set  ilowii  a.s  most  unlucky  per- 
wiiis.  Her  Words  were  wali'lii'.l  for  anil  respeeteil  as 
iirai'les  from  Heaven.  Haviiij,'  thus  ai'.plireil  inlliieneo 
nil. I  I'linliileiiee,  .slit!  liiiilt  In  rself  a  lint  alioilt  twonty 
miles  from  .ligansk,  ami  wliillu!r  she  retireil  in  her 
oM  a;;t'.  No  one  passeil  her  iloor  wilhout  askiiiij  her 
hlessin;;  ami  makiiij,'  li.'r  a  jiro'-ent  ;  woe  to  the  iitifor- 
tiiliate  wi;;lit  who  faileil  ill  this  ililly.  She  i'li,iii^e.l 
herself  into  a  hlaek  tt'.iw,  niiseil  violent  whirlwiinls 
all  alioilt  her,  eaiise.l  him  to  fill  with  all  his  paek  into 
the  river,  ami  ilepriveil  him  of  his  sense.s.  Kvin  now, 
wli.n  she  has  long  heen  ileail,  travellers  still  liaiig 
lip  their  jiresents  wliert;  sh.'  live.l  '  Her  name  is  still 
known,  not  only  among  the  inlialiilants  of  .figaiisk, 
liiii  liy  all  till!  Yakutsk.  Wli.n  a  yoiiiig  girl  in 
.illli.'l.il   with    niiuiness,''   they   say  that  she    hits   bc«li 

'<,i|it,in  ('.H'linin«  iiiontiniiH  tlie  I'litiii;;  li»h  raw  as  ii  Tiinijii- 
S'.iii  il.iiiily.  "1  I'l'iiiiiini'.l  tlni'L"  ilay.i.  liviii.;  In  luxury,  at  I,.isk- 
vi'rt,  llari'H,  woU.i,  li.'iirs,  wil.l  rciii-ili'ir,  iiiiil  elks,  wliicliiili.miiil 
lii'i-u,  w.ji;  my  onliiiary  I'miil;  foxes,  wlii.'li  am  uls.i  in  ^reat 
l.l'iily,  ari'  I'lleii  liere.  Hi'ar  ami  wolf  ini'iit  I  foiiiul  (;i).mI  wlii'ii 
v. TV  liiin'_'ry  ;  ri'iii  .leer  is  a  ili'lit'iitu  ilii'l  ;  lint  elk,  1  tliiiik,  hur- 
|ii»-i'S  evervtiiiiu'  1  li  ive  tiislinl,  liavili'^' all  tile  IllllriliR'llt  of  beef, 
will,  the  ili'liiae  llav.mr  ol  tin)  riiieileer.  The  inlialiituiita  lios- 
|iilalily  siiiiplhil  me  tfilli  plenty  of  lisli,  here  eaten  In  a  raw  state, 
wlii.'li,  t.ilhis  hour,  I  ri'iii.'iiih.'r  as  tin)  ^rrnitest  ilelieacy  I  liavo 
ever  tii^te.l.  Spite  of  ...ir  pi'i'iii.lii'i's,  there  is  nothing  eompareil 
to  the  m.'lliiiir  of  r:iw  fish  111  the  in. mill ;  oysters,  elotte.l  ereiini, 
III  the  liiii'sl  j.'lly,  \i  n.illiiiii:  ti  it;  nor  is  it  a  siiiiiU  i|iiantity  that 
111  ly  1h'  eaten  of  this  pi'.-ci.iiis  I'oniino.lity.  I  luv'^eU'  have  tiiiishetl 
II  wh.il.'  tisli,  which,  ill  its  t'ii'/,i'U state,  liii;rht  have  w,-i^ht'.l  two  or 
till'.'!' poiiii.ls,  an.l  with  hlaek  hisenlt  ami  a  y:lass  ..f  ry.'*liraiiily, 
hive  il.'lieil  either  11  il  lire  or  art  to  prepare  il  hit  I.t  meal.  It  is 
eiil  np  or  sinivi'.l  into  sliei'<  with  a  sharp  koile  from  heailto  tail, 
1111. 1  h.'iiee  ilerives  the  name  of  strnt;.iniuak  ;  t.i  eompl.'to  the 
luxury,  only  silt  tiiiil  pepper  were  waiitinj.'*  Tin'  ealiiii;  of  raw 
li>li  is  eoiHiih  re.l  .m  tiie  SiU'rian  i'oa>t  ii  reini'ily  ii;jaiiist  seiirvy,  ii 
ihsiaie  to  whii'h,  fr.ini  the  iilnenee  of  fr.'sli  vei;ei.ihle  iliet,  the 
naliv.sare  li.ihli'  in  til.' winter.  Tlioiliseaso  .iliates  in  the  siinimer 
with  the  arriviilof  fresh  iisli. 

'  "  If  there  is  aiivtliiii;f  in  earth  nr  air  more  formi.lalile  to  these 
jHHir  f.'U.iws  {till'  Yakuts),'*  says  Oov.'rmT  Simp-oii,  "  it  is  the 
Sjiirit  of  the  Forest,  a  iierson  iiiveste.l,  in  their  ima^'iiiat  ion,  with 
almost  iinliniit.'il  jiower,  whether  for  j;ooil  or  evil.  In  the 
hraii.'lies  of  tlietreja  aloiij^  the  road  (Ir.nu  Irkutsk  to  Yakutsk), 
w.'i-e  su-ipen.le.l  iiuiiilierless  olierin^s  of  li.irs.'-liair  i  the  pift  heiii;; 
pr.ih.ihly  sel.'i't.il  us  an  euihlem  of  what  the  txiver  vahieil  most  ; 
the  extemiMiraui'.iiis  soups  si'i'iiu'il  t.)  he  ilietate.l  by  tin'  hope  o( 
conciliatiiip  the  preat  nnkiiown  ;  ami,  at  supper,  the  lirst  simioii- 
ful  was  iiivarial.ly  thrown  into  the  lire  to  pniilure  a  B'niml  sl.'i'p 
for  the  peuiiis  of  the  plaee.  As  every  loeality  has  its  own  elf,  the 
Yakiili,  when  on  ttj.inrney,  have  no  respite,  soolhiuj;  one  ohjeet 
of  t.rror  utter  an.it  her,  anil  only  multiplying  their  tormentors  ns 
they  iiierease  their  speed." 

'  Imera.'hism  ami  Diiilile-au-corps,  arc  two  romarkiihlc  diseases 
in  some  parts  of  Siberia,  esiieeially  the  towiiand  distriet  of  Kalyiia. 
The  latter  is  a  most  extra.irdiiiiiry  one,  and  eonsists  in  an  idea 
that  ilie  tiotly  of  the  patient  is  possessed  wi'li  one  or  more  devils  ; 
it  is  iitteu.l.'.l  with  iiieessant  hieeouphs.  The  parties  atUiete.l  with 
it  are  generally  most  delieate  and  interesliud  in  their  a|.p.  irani'.', 
tnil  it  ia  leldom  iude<.Hl  that  any  nidividuitl  iseured.     In  tuiiiale',  il 


strui'k  hy  Agrippiiia  of  .Tigansk,  Mftrtin  <"\yn  thnt 
this  famous  soretft'ss  attaine.l  the  ago  of  iiigl.  _.  years, 
that  shti  wius  stout  ami  lively,  Init  not  tall  ;  hnr  fieo 
was  inarkeil  with  tlio  siiiill  jm-x,  her  eyes  as  hright  as 
the  morning  stars,  ami  that  her  voiee  hail  a  clear,  loiiil 
Hoiiml,  like  that  of  ieu  when  struck  'I'liii  remt'in- 
hranet!  of  Agrippina  the  soreercss  is  still  fresh  in  tho 
ntirthern  regions  of  Silieria. 

I  was  yet  a  eliilil  when  our  family  loft  Jigansk,  tn 
t'stahlish  themselves  at  Yakutsk.  I  took  with  me, 
at!eoriling  to  custom,  nomt!  of  the  earth  of  my  liirth- 
plaee,  so  that  I  might  put  it  into  water,  ami  itrink  it 
when  I  felt  homesiek  ;  lint  1  foiinil  little  nee.l  l.ir  it. 
I  have  never  .seen  the  pliieo  siiioo,  anil,  Heaven  knows, 
I  have  never  regii'tti'il  it. 

At  two  kot'S  I'inl  a  half  to  tho  imrth  iif  Y'akiitsk,  is 
a  roiiiitry  calle.l  Killam  (or  Kalyna),  where  my 
father  an.l  my  neither  hail  liiiilt  u  Imtise.  [  foiiml  the 
eiiiintry  here  ililli'iing  very  iiiueli  from  what  I  Innl 
1  ii'n  previously  aei'ii^tomi'.l  to.  A  large  siirlaei!  of 
llatcoiiiiMy  eovereil  with  green  verilnre,  over  in  motion 
with  the  air. an.l  .'iiioolli  as  tin)  surlii.'C  of  a  hike,  spotteil 
with  iiiiiiimeralili!  Il  iweis  t'l  the  seinlil.ineu  of  a  car]ii't, 
yellow  ami  green,  with  eliimps  of  laielies  ami  hiiell 
arranged   aliuiit   it,  as   if  liy  the   hand  of  soniu  ukilful 


prevail.!  to  surli  an  extent  a<  utterly  to  prevent  iiregnanry.  They 
liersist  In  till'  belieflh.it  a  d.vil  is  in  the  li.i.ly  oftli.'  iilllu'tnl,  mid 
that  until  h.'  he  removed  till'  prison  williiiver  regain  heallh.  'I'hu 
eoinplaint,  wiiaievir  it  may  h.',  tie  natives  e.insi.ler  an  iiiliei'iliiii.'e 
from  their  falli.'i-s.  Of  eo.ir-.'  t here  Is  extensive  einploynipnt  tor 
slmiiians  or  sore,  rers  in  ri'sju'i't  t.i  it,  ami  they  use  ull  kin. Is  ..f 
eeri'inonies,  noises,  an.l  ilaiiei'S  ill  driving  the  siipposeil  ilenioiis 
{Stf  p.  iWI).  liii.  r.ieliisiii,  to  wliieli  not  only  the  peopli. 
of  til.'  Kalyna,  hut  thus.'  ..f  morn  iiortliern  eonntries,  art) 
suhj.'i't,  is  eipially  iiniie.'"UiiialiIe  ;  lust,  ail  ..f  .'x.-itiiig  seriuiis  tits, 
like  the  lasl-.iieiilioni'.l  disor.l.'r,  it  earri.'swith  it  an  iiir  of  iin  r'l- 
inent,  as  il  by  mi  m.ain  all'iils  the  Iniiilh  ol  the  iiersoii,  though 
it  snhjeels  him  to  the  most  vi.'leiit  par.nysnis  ol  rag.,  fear,  and 
inorlitication.  Whatever  is  said  or  done  in  the  pieseiu-e  of  im 
iinenii'li  will  ho  ie|i,'ateil  by  hiui  at  the  inoment,  how  ever  imli'i.iiou!) 
or  improper  the  act  may  be.  "1  havoseen,"  saysCiiptain  t'lichiaiii', 
"the  dog-niisi.'r  of  liirnn  Wrangel's  expedition  eiiiiimil  acts 
sulH.'i.'iit  to  lri_'liten  tin  p.r.soii  in  company  with  him.  While  in 
an  ft.\)oiniiig  I'lLiiii  eoiiveisiiig  on  points  of  ilnty,  a  slight  knock  i.t 
tho  bulk  liea.l  was  siilUci  iil  to  set  him  a  poiunielling  the  |ii'r«.iii 
with  him,  111. rely  IV.im  aprin.iple  of  self- defence.  Two  olilla.li.-  in 
Kanischatkii  w.i'o  sitting  iil  t.a  opp.isit.'  each  other,  both  i.lll.'i.d 
w-illi  imera.'hism,  wli.'ii  a  r.'lative  in  a  gentle  imiiii.er  put  hishaiuls 
behind  their  lia.'ks,  pnip.'iiim.- tho  old  ladies  towards  each  oth.r, 
uism  which  tli.'y  instantly  threw  their  t.a  cu|is  and  siiu.'crs  at 
each  other,  while  the  really  .ill'cn.ling  party  stoo.l  enjoying  llie 
mischief.  There  can  he  no  d.iiiht  that  tlie  cumplaint  is  rend,  nil 
worse  by  the  eonstant  miiioyancc  and  irritation  to  which  they  urn 
suhjecte.l  f 'r  the  umusemeiil  of  others." 

'i'lie  dog-master  of  llaron  Wraiiu'el's  expedition,  above  men- 
ti.iucdas  an  iiiienii'h.  met  willi  a  strange  ami  ludicrous  adven- 
ture while  oil  the  l"ro/i'ii  (•.•can.  His  dogs  and  sledge  were  the 
liiri'inosl,  when  one  f.ireiiiion  tli.y  eiiconntcred  a  large  while  I  car; 
the  dogs  iuiiiic.li.itely  started  olf  to  hunt  the  nninial.  The  di  iver 
stedlii-lly  kept  his  plac,  pru.lcntly  rcmaiiiing  by  those  who  only 
could  ii.ssist  I'im.  Ill  tho  eagerness  of  tho  dogs,  slnirpcncd  jiro- 
bahly  by  hunger,  they  U'caine  entangled  with  one  another,  and 
were  aiinost  rcnilere.l  useless.  The  driver,  seeing  the  state  tc 
which  he  was  reducid,  resolved  to  at i-iek  tho  bear  with  his  artol 
(a  stout  ironed  stick  with  small  bells,  which  serves  to  stop  his 
bIc.Iu'C),  and  aeconlhigly  prescnleil  himself  to  the  ennigcd  bear, 
who  imuie.halely  raised  himself  U|K)ii  his  hind  legs  and  b.gan  to 
cry  ami  roar  most  bitterly -,  the  inexorable  d.ig-master  instantly 
tiiilowe.l  the  example.  I  ho  bear  then  began  to  dance,  and  tliB 
driver  did  the  8;iiiie,  till  at  IciiL'th  the  oilier  sledges  coming  up, 
the  bear  received  a  blow  iiii.m  the  nose  and  was  secured.  It  ap- 
pears that  the  nose  is  th  .  only  part  vunerable  without  fire  arms, 
and  even  tiieii,  they  can  be  so  secured  only  on  being  shot  through 
the  bea.l.  The  while  bears  are,  however,  by  no  m.  niis  k 
ilatiL'.r.'iis  animal,  avoiding;  tliu  chase  aa  much  as  they  or* 
avoided. 


Ml 


•tt 


Af-L   ROUND  THB   WORI-D. 


nrtist,  Mich  was  (lio   scone  tlmt   (Ir-t  Htnick    my  vy,'».  iicss,  (l,lii;lit.'cl    mv  Vimiii;,'   iiiin.l,  tlmt   liid    iicv.r  yci 

'"   •' !''•*•    "''  ili^^v.'^t  iM.iiii,.   .iviii,  in   i-liiicri,,;;,  s.tii  iiiiviliin^' ivs,"iiii,li,|.,'   it,.      I  iMLi^lii.'.l   llic  o,iii,i-v 

Frrpnil  Inlds  111.' clcir  Wilier,  of  a   ii|.i.|   nv.r.  wliidi  I    saw   t,.    l,c   liiuiilcss,    tnui    I'.lt   a  .Irli^lit   iic.l    l,i   l,e 

ll..w    |Hvn')iiir<' siin.l.s,  lictwr.-ii  il.irk  uiKi  ni«;;iii  iiaiiks,  ixpifssi  d  in  \vui-,|s. 

['"  •' ir"^i'>'    ^'"<^   «■'•*    ■Jl-'<^y'l«ii   ;l    plrllllllll   rr.>|.  of  I'll,.    wi-il.T  liclv    lllclltinllM    till-    Ninlil.'ll    (Iratll    ..f  Ills 

li.i.v    tlirniii,'li  wliirli  a  luiri'livil  «.'M|i,iiicn,  lli.ir  l>|,i,l,.s  fatli.'l'.    Iiim  liinllici's  s..m.w  al    lirr    laTriivcinriit,    aii.l 

Ha, lull','  ill    tlio  xiinlii;!!!,  wnv  cl.ariiii,'  a  l.n.nl    jiatli.  |i,,w   dull   In-   I'oiiihl  tlicir   ivm,1,.|„v  at    Killini,    wlaiv 

In    tins    jilaili    a    uiv  it     ihiiuIh'I'   ,,t'    Imi- I    canlc   anil  tin'    fXlivinc     nu'^r  nf  tin-    cuM    tiimli'ivil    tlirln    I'lMir. 

li.MsrH  wrn.   iiaslmini.,  cniiiiMiin  tli-ir  fnoil   in   sivurily  U'lilii;  Imlli  int..   il,.  ,|.  ,  .lal.'  .v.iiniiv ,  and    k,|,i    Iimu 

.iinl   wainlcriiiK  at   tli.'ir  will.      At    nliort   iiit.'rvals   ..f    li\  .•  in..iiilis  witliii,  .1 x 

iIhIiiici-    viT.'   asscinlilcil.  ill    ^I'l'llpM   "f  tivr  ni- .six,  lli.'  Il.iv    I    Imcaiin'    .iciimiliti'd.   Ijc   siivs,    will,    a   L'lvat 

<hv.'lliiiKs.iftli.'  Vaknts.  rnivivil  with  ia'ati'll  .'al-lli,  ni-  i,.|inl"r  nt'  tl,.'  V.iknt^,  ami    Iranil   lln'ir   I  ,ni;na-r  ami 

llicirviirts   ti.r   ^|l|■ill^'(l^v(■l|il|■.'.  Clinical    ami  white  as  Lccmic    I'ainiiii     wiili    ilicir    manner    nl'     lisinu'    ami 

if  |iaiiilcil    (Xic   p.  ;5(r,)  ;    the  wiiiiliiw.s,  citlicr   of  u'lass  iliinliiiu'       I    ii-l'iiil    Willi    pleasure    tn    their  >l-i'ics, 

nr  ii'aiisp.iiviit  stMiic,  iililti'i- like   precimis  st.incs.      Al  i  li.ir  mhi.w.  tlicir  uI  i  iia.liti.ins,  ami  was  fuml  nf  tikiiij; 

{'>•■  end  iif  the  l.iml-cape   ruse  up,  a.s   jl   it  were    sniiie  p.irt  in  tluir  siilemnitio,  iheir  I'oiivals,  and  the  >;  hum 

f.    1  le  hill,  nnr  while    nian>iiin,  Iniilt  mi   a  slight  emi  which    they   celeliratcd    in    sprim^.     'I'lms    I     wmi    the 

' '■ •       'lie    I'caiity  iif   this   scene,  united    tn    It.s  va.st  aireclLiius    iiot    of  tic    Y.ikilt    men    iiiily,    hut    iif  their 


TUNGUSE    ENCAMPMENT 


"f' 


Mi 


i  ii 


Ml  I 


I;   Is! 


ll    15  S 


# 


wive-i  alsn,  and   of  their  children,  ami  I  was  .idinlttod  my  chihlhnnd   pinved  of  the  greatest  advaiitai,'e    to  me 

•v,  rywhure,  and  could  .see  the  interior  of  any  family  I  in  later  lil'e. 

lie-ired.  As    we    wi'I'h    compelled    ti>    live    st     Y.ikiitsk,'  my 

Nor    Were    ainuseiiients    wantin:;.       In    spring    the  mot  her  eaiiM'd  lo  he  ir  ih  poiii-d   to  ihit    town  all   the 
1  ili   s    of  tlie   eoiiiiirv    aic    lilli'd    with    dilli'reiit    kinds      -  -      - 

.,f    links;    and    the'    woods    with    h.ir.s,    caiiereailzi.',         '  Vi.kut^K  i,  tn.MMi.ii.il.ir  ilie  ill-trii-t  nf  iln- ncih'  imn.c.     Tlio 

,11  ,  1  .    ■  1  I  ■         ^  ...  ri  \ciiui' I'f  lliis  tiis:i'ct  litMSiiiit    iitiial  tlic  iaiiciim's     anil  iiccrut-s 

I.  e  k    cock,    and     |iaitridi,'es         In    .sjirin'' time,    alter  ,  ,„|„,      ,    i     .,     .  i  r     .        .        n        ■•        'i  i      \    i    .i 

I  ^.  '        p  Iriini  a  tnliiiti' III  !,Ktiis  aiiil  lu-i  lie.  s  t"  mII  sjiii  its       llie   iiikiitsk 

till'    ice    las    liroki-11,   and    in    autumn,    when  tlii»    Hew  ,„,|„iii,tinii  immli  r- alieiii  u  i|iiuricf..ra  iiiillimi.    Tlif  t'lissiicksiiMil 

c  i\  i   s    are    iii~t    on    the    wiiii;,   and    .ilioilt    to  start    for  lln-  Hii-si  m  ChiicMol t  tm'.  nl  T.inii.     IIic  Knssan,  liM-riiiilly 

a  Winner  cliinate,  it   i-    diilicnlt   to  sleep  for  the  Icim'  in  lliiira-iiU,iir,iiiiill  Ihwiimhi.I  vilinncs  iilai^- il„rii;iiisi,nil  rivers, 

of  ycese,   d.ick.s,    .swans,  er.incs,    Hlorks,   ami  a  lio.st   of  Hic  iui.v,s  wamU-r  «l,,r..  l.icr..  i«   ,ia,ture  l..- il,i  ir  lienls      flio 

I,    1  .     ,         ,,      .  ,  .     ,  tinvii  111  lakuish  I'Hiitaiiis  seven  cliuiclii'S  nnil    KMI  miukIcii  Ihhim'S 

small   liirds      During  many  years    1     eairied    on    war  „,■  „„e  stm-v,  l.ii.l  nut  in  >|i.,nii,.s  sti.eiMnnl  «m1c  M,imivs,  ene  ef 

ai,',iinst  wild   beasts,  and  iew  men    have    sl.iin    inori'    of  Mliicli  is  a  ii.iziar.  win  r-' a.l  ilii' .^Imivs  iicciirilai;;  t"  llic  ni^tuni  i.f 

theiii  than  my.self.      The  hive  of  the  chase  made  inc  care-  liic  ruiutrv,  iir jrejitcil.     'I'Iutc  i«  a  iiiuiiiistiTv,  aliiis|iiial,  it 

less   of  distance,    nor  did    I     hesitate  at   liassini'  three  'luircli,  a  .il  a  f  Tt.     Ihc  ciiv  stamls  ua  ii  lil.ak  |il.iiii,  mi  tlie  river 

«li,.l..     rl.o-.^    .■.;il,..,,f     .1      ,       (    1    11  ■""  e  lonli,  wliii-li  ii  111!  lilies 1  ii-lialf  la-iiail   in    winter  iiiiil   four  in 

wiioio     ua\s    witliiiiit    s  ei'  I     toll    V     u  iconsi'iiins    nt  .•.,.■..  •       ,  ■  ■        i 

,■  T  111,,.,  ,-aiiiiiiiT,  on,' I.I   tlic    liii  >t  ^Inaiiis   in    (lie    «..vlil,    rlinluiij;   iliiwn 

liiigiie.      Jli  autiunu    1    wmld    lay  nivsmf  down   on    a  Hhhi  ,„ile.  ir.nii  its  s..iinv,  ucr  Irkutsk,  to Uie  rrezen  S™.    Tlio 

li.ilik,    without   any    other    pill    wl'i.n    the    trunk    of  ,i  .linale  ami  the  s.iil  m-e  eiiinllv  iiii|iniiei.,iiij;.      l)uriii|,'  the  wlmlo 

tree,    without    fur,    cat.    ..r    I.' xilct.    t  .    keep    oiit    the  .^e.ir  the  cehiim  iir.' siiil  I  i  he  in  a  fruzni  state,   iiinl  the  wells  to 

SHOW  and  r.iin.       When    I    w    s  out  ll-lnn",    I    tr.inii.ed  ^""'l  "l""'"l.v-feriiie.l  ice ;  for  the  heat  i.f  sinmner,  ciressivf  as  it 

■.l.,..it  nil  ,.;.'.  f  :.    .1  1  1  Ti  is.  ii.ver  l.Kls  li.iiL' eucii.'h  t.i  (I  ,s«;iuiti!  the  ellirts  of  winter  ti)  a 

•iiiout  all  iiigiit         t    e  coo    s  r.'a:ii.   w   lere  the  nets  wen'  1     ,1      1  ,1  ,1         r    .       ,.■ 

"  ii.i.tli  i.t  lii.ili;     lull  Mi.i  ..r  tliiee  f.et.      Siiini' V(lir«  BRO  llli  ex(M'i|. 


bid,  and  the  habit  uf  cuduraucu  1  tliiu  contracted 


at  w.is  111  nil',  uii.hr  tin'  ilireetiiiu  uf  iiuruu  Wraiigel.  hy   Hit 


4^^'B. 


UP   AND   DOWN   THE  AMOOR. 


•II 


(lifTi'iviu  c..m|NiitinrMtM   of  our  Ik.iiso,  aiid   lm<l  it  ro- I  roiiliK  „r  nlimit  4j*.  jior  niontli.     Afl.r   wcikiiiK  tlmi 

ci.iistiiir!,.,!.      I  wiis  n.isv  |iliir,.,l  ill  u  Hnxri-., lit  iilliuo  j  fi.r  two  years    I    lirniiu.,   Iinid   ,,|'  my    rum,    itiul   in 

ii«iMi|iyist  t<i  til.'  Sii|,(.|iorl'iil)iiiiiil  cif  V^ikut.sk.     ' )ur  tlnvii  or  llmr  iiion.  v.mi-s  IkkI   tlm   diiv.ticii    of  neven 

.•lurf  was  II  111,11  (,(•  li.w   liirtli,  iiMil   a  | r  wntor,  l.iit  r(,.,i,is.     A    littl.i   tiiii..  after   I   w:is   ii|>|»,iiit<-(l   |,rivatu 

pive  liiiiisrit"  airs,  Mil. I  |i;ss.mI  as  a  man  of  i-,>iis..,|iiriic,..  .Iiaiin.llor  to   tii.i  (.'uviTiior,  wilii  ten  clerks    iiinlrr  mo 

Hi!   kept  all  liiielsat   wurl; |iyiiii,'  from    imiru  till  ti>  assist  in  the  |ieri;>nii.iii,'eor  mv  (aienuis  iliities.      lint 

niKht,  sevenlirn  li..iiis  a  .lay,  oii  salarius  of  two  colil.er  as  one-half  of  tiiese    fellows  were   dninkanls,  ami   tiiu 


/ 


to  nie 


^^>5;^p5^^^£^^;^^^gp^ 


MIUT  WOMAN. 


rest   mere    boys  whom    F   had   to   instrnct,   the   wliolo     deatli  of  lioth    my  mother  and    my  master,  nho\it    tliw 
Weight    of    tilt!    olliee  restt  d    on    my    sli(ailders.     The     time,    made    me   resolve   to   iiuit    Yakutsk,   which   no 


Hpciit  of  the  liussiiiAiiicriiiin  Ciini|mi)y,  in  onler  to  iiscertaiii  the 
depth  to  which  tlie  ground  i<  fn'Zeii.  A  well  was  iliij;  to  the  (le[ith 
of  3H0  het,  iinil  still  the  earih  was  fouiul  to  1h"  iis  hard  us  iron. 
With  Biiih  a  Hlniute  mid  siieh  li  soil  a^rioiillure  is  out  of  tlic 
qaestiun  ;  but  tlniir  im  brought  down  troin  irkutnk  and  the  Upper 
Lena,  and  sold  at  alxmt  a  linlt'iH'iinv  a  |K<und.  Hut  Irkutsk  lies 
in  tile  direct  road  between  tlw  Vaiiiisei  and  the  S*»  of  Dlihotsk, 


and  is  tlie  ciniius'tiiiu'  link  between  the  Jarra  and  other  rivers  of 
the  tirtit  class  on  the  west  and  tlie  l.eiiu  and  ulher  sceuiidury 
streams  ou  the  east. 

l!y  lue.ins  of  (li.hotsk  it  was  broupht  Into  contact  with  the 
Kaiusehatka.  the  Aleutian  Islands,  and  the  north-west  coast-,  and 
by  crossiiii;  t  le  suhoriliiiate  tributaries  of  the  Arctic  lleean,  it  i»«t 
the  lurry  «i  liU  of  the  New    World,  from   the  further   side  of 


I  ' 


Ij  •■  i'il 

i|  IS 


III 


I 


'   \nn 


! 


!!■  ;i 


:  i! 


•y, 


914 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


longer  posseaseil  nttriictioiis  for  mo,  csix-cially  aa  I 
foiiiid  its  rovi'inii'.s  di'inMniii)}  evuiy  iliiy,  from  tlie  iii- 
cii|>iUMty  of  tliosd  ill  ollict'.' 

I  sold  my  lioint'  and  |>ni|ii'i-ty,  payed  my  <lcl)ts,  and 
went  til  Irkutsk  (in  Yakut,  Arknskai),  wliero  I 
enti-ri'il  the  (iovemnu'iit  oHirc,  iit  a  salary  of  cij^lity 
rouMo.s  a  month.  IK-ro  I  romaint'd  a  year  ancl  adialt, 
nM<l  was  Just  ahout  d^  leavi^  for  Russia,  when  a  new 
(Juvornor  of  Va!<ui,iK  arriv<'d,  and  learning  my 
finiiliirity  with  the  lan^juajjo  and  manners  of  the 
nitive  population,  ]ii'o|Mised  my  aeemupanyim;  him.  A.s 
lie  was  a  man  of  talent,  I  williiii;ly  consented,  moro 
with  the  liopo  of  l)einj»  of  si'rviee  to  the  Yakuts  than 
for  my  own  ai;i»randi.sement,  for  well  I  know  that  my 
new  office  would  fjivemo  more  trouMe  than  protit,n»d 
the  end  showed  I  was  fully  justified  in  this  idea, 

Hi'lirln^f*!*  Striiits,  at  tlu'  liiir  oi' Ostrnviune.  All  the  churi'lu'tt  nt 
Yiiliiitsk  are  l>iiilt  of  \v<hhI  with  fimiidiitionM  of  st'ino,  Imt  aro  very 
Riili^taiitial,  Hiiil  litive  a  riNpci-tiilplo  a)i|>earaii('i'.  Tliu  walls  are 
C'Mistnu'tt'tl  of  niiiiul  hij*-;.  tint  lower  wiilf  nf  e:u'h  l)oin;»  sooo'hhI 
out  so  HA  to  receivt*  the  iipiH.'r  siilo  of  tlie  one  helow  it;  tlii'v  aro 
tlu'ii  wt'll-canlkeil  outsiilc  with  lioinp  or  nisht-n,  niul  iiisiile  with 
ino-is ;  aiiil,  histly,  they  aro  Wiiiii^eotrtl,  |)tit(iiHl,  and  ivuiitcil ; 
wh'.'ii  licaNil  hy  Ku-ini:m  stoves,  they  are,  to  a  straii^T,  ojiprtM- 
sively  warm,  even  in  thi>  most  intense  eolil  (l:iy.  ilicM^  wimkIoii 
hnililiii^  are  reuMrkahly  tliir  ihle,  more  so,  |vhaps,  than  the 
lirii'ks,  whieli  are  L-rudn.illy  e  imiti;;  into  tlishion,  are  likely  to  Ik". 
'I'liere  is  a  pfreat  fair  ou-e  a-year,  lint  Yakutsk,  tlirou:>liout  the 
year,  is  the  homi' of  |h' liars  or  tr.ivellinj;  traders.  Toliaeei),  t«a, 
pn.:ar,  ^jiirits,  uanktt'n,  eott<ins,  kettles,  knivt^  and  the  like,  ctm- 
slitnte  their  earjjoi's,  (i»r  wliieli  they  reeeive  the  skiiiii  of  Itears, 
W'lv.s,  s:ihles,  river-otters,  nnrtens,  foxes,  and  erniiiios,  at  very 
nnf.ii  prii-es,  altlion.;!)  at  Yakutsk  itsi-lf,  the  real  value  and 
m.o-ket  priee  of  skir.-i  is  well  known.  Ilearskins,  20i.  to  2,">s. , 
mIiI.s  from  :!ils.  to  l.'>0-i.  1  a  sea-otter  from  ,t  10  to  .CltO;  river 
ilitto,  .!(»*.  to  Uls  :  a  lilaek  fox  from  t':;.")  toJtSo;  ticry  red,  1,'is. ; 
liie  w  o!e  or  Vntie  tox,  .")s.  or  (is. ;  and  the  hlud  fox,  8s  to  10s  ; 
ocpiirn  Is,  fill,  to  Is  ;  wolves,  10s.  toils. ;  m.irts'iis,  for  the  Ameriean 
eoats,  7i*.  to  l»s.  Tliese  are  the  priees  at  Y'aktttsk,  but  they  aro 
purelrised  o*'  the  natives  for  i^tods  t'nlianeed  one  hundred  and  fifty 
p.  r  e.Mit.,  and  lor  on.'-lialf  tlii'  priee  whieh  tlioy  sell  at  Yakutsk  ; 
ri-turuin,;,  oi  most  eases,  a  elear  pnifit  of  two  and  three  hundred 
per  rent.,  Ix'sides  livlo.r  uj>m  tlie  pe  iple  difiiuj^  their  "tntHc.'  Of 
foei 'ty  at  Yakutsk,  a  triveller  has  left  iis  the  following  viviil 
pieinre:  "  1  ros*'  early,  and  al«iiys  went  early  to  betl,  ocenpii-d, 
while  il  ly  li_'ht  listed,  in  hriii^jiuj;  up  my  journal ;  then  at  a  (t  line 
of  tiil'ia  'U:  alterwarils  iit  iliun<T,  always  on  the  most  cxeelleut 
t'.i  e,  with  wine,  rii  n,  an  1  other  d  I  eu-ies.  In  the  evening,  with 
II  party  of  the  natives,  m  tie  and  f -lu  ile,  at  the  lion**  of  tho 
ehiit,  the  Indies,  to  all  appe.innee,  d  inih,  not  daring  to  utter  li 
wtrd.  and  solfly  employed  in  eraekiii;;  tlit>ir  nuts,  a  very  anull 
speeies  of  the  eed.ir  nut,  whieh  ahonuils  in  sueh  quantities  as 
to  he  made  an  artiele  of  trade  to  Okhotsk  and  Kainseliatka. 
Ilalf-ado/i'ii  t'eniales  wdl  sit  dinvi  and  rousuoie,  eneli,  many 
hundreds  of  these  nuts,  and  ipiit  the  house  without  liavini; 
spikena  word,  unless  a  stoh-n  one,  in  fear  it  should  be  heard. 
.Should  tea  and  eakes  lie  olf -red,  they  will  sip  t^'a,  three  or  fi  ir 
e'i|»s,  as  loll;;  as  the  s.unavan  la  sort  of  e  ipoer  tea-urn)  has  water 
in  it.  Tile  Ml  inner  of  their  usiii:;  the  siiipir  with  tea,  tliou)»li  |>er- 
Imps  not  entirely  sioirulir,  for  the  Chinese  hive  the  same  fashion, 
is  r.vnirk  ihly  ridii' il  mis  ;  eaeh  individud  tjikes  a  smill  lump, 
whieii  he  i."Mt' s  hi't ween  his  teeth  in  sueh  a  inaMiier  as  only  to 
('..iis'i-m' a  very  ^uiall  pirtofit.and  thus,  althou^'n  the  perwiii  has 
drunk  tliTi'i'  or  nere  eups,  the  uri'ater  jiortiou  of  sui^ar  remains, 
and,  li.'in:;  placed  upon  the  inverti'deup,  linils  its  way  baek  to  the 
su^'ar  dish.  Ih-ii'uits.  e.ikes,  and  the  like,  are  treatetl  in  n  similar 
tneiner.  Wliile  the  ladies  are  thus  cnir'i,ini,'  their  nuts,  tbi) 
priitK-men  are  enijiloyisl  in  drinking  rum  or  rye-hr.indy  i>nneli,  as 
tiiiir  tastes  may  iliet  ite." 

'  -Not  more  th.in  ,'>i  1.000  of  the  whole  Yakut  iKipnlation  c;in 
he  sail!  t<i  p'ly  the  trdiute,  whieh  is  in  furs,  mostly  Hiitil"s.  Thoseof 
Viitimand  Olekma  are  isiiisideml  the  tiuest,  blaektnt,  and  smallest 
to  Ih' mi 'with,  a  pair  reiU'hini;  as  liii;h  as  thris' or  four  bundred 
rouhl.s,  or  from  £1.")  to  1^20.  Kaeh  taxable  individual  pays  one 
ipi.irter  of  A  sable,  or,  in  general  caw's,  eaeh  family  one  sable,  whieh 
if  it  cannot  Ih>  procured,  is  eoinprouiisisl  by  the  payment  of  ;|0». 
re  lueini;  the  tribute  per  head  to  "».  6i/.  us  that  uf  a  Uiisaian  is  10». 
Tl.e  clear  revenue  derived  it  half  »  million  of  rouble*,  o;  i;25,O00 


As  Kooii  as  tlio  new  novcrnor  arrived,  lie  liceume 
cofjuisjiiit  of  a  crowd  of  iiloises  iind  made  a  dear  Hwei]) 
of  the  ollleo.  Ile  net  a  wnitliy  exaiiiplo  himself,  and 
for  tho  MX.  years  of  liis  adiiiiiiisl ration  spared  no  ell'ort 
for  tho  fnturii  nood  of  the  ^  akiits.- 

To  tho  south-past  of  tho  city  of  ^'akulsk,  iit  iilHUit  a 
hundred  kics  distance,  is  situate  tho  dislriet  of  I'dsky, 
renowned  for  the  aliuudance  of  its  j;.iiiie.  It  touelns 
on  the  Sea  of  (*khotsk.  the  ciiipiro  of  (..'liiiia,  mid  the 
districts  of  Nortschinsk,''  of  Olikmiiisk,  and  of 
Khaii;;an(»y. 

('om|)ari-d  with  tho  vast  territory  of  Yakutsk," 
this  is  hut  a  corner  in  tho  desert.  It  contains  no 
more  than  from  101)  to  5l)0  Tuiiouses  within  its  ]ire- 
cincts,  liiit  is,  nevert  eless,  not  witlimit  imporlain  e, 
rc;;ard  lieinj;  had  to  its  rcsoiirecs  and  its  paiticular 
situation.  Hither  eonio  a  j^'icat  nnialicr  of  llnssiuiis 
and  Yakuts  to  li.irjjain  with  the  )ieople  for  the  produce 
of  tho  cliaso  at  a  low  price,  and  <;ivo  them  in  leliiiii 
]irovisions  at  an  oxtravaj.;iint  rate.  The  troulile  ami 
ve.\atiiiiis  to  which  this  ;;ives  rise,  induced  tho  govern 
mciit  to  send  a  comiiii.s.sary  to  rcsiilo  there. 

Tho  jiost  was  <;iven  to  me,  ami  after  ten  minnles 
preparalioii  1  started  on  an  expedition  that  wmii.l 
detain  me  a  year  and  ii  half  ff.iiii  civilised  Miei(i\. 
My   bagoago    was  composed  of  thieo    suits    of   winiii 


•  Of  the  manner  of  liviiii;  i  f  the  Ixiissian  (.tVieials  lu're.  hihI  tl  i- 
metlital  hy  whieh  tiny  iiu_'nieiitfd  tliiir  iiieoiiies,  a  trioeli.  r  if 
cretlit  tells  us;  —  "The  iiini.hrr  mid  the  wcnlili  et'  the  piiiui|:il 
iuliiibitants  is  siieli,  th.it  n  eliiet'  liy  a  wi>e,  libeial,  and  iiid<|'iM- 
dent  jioliey— may  aiiiiiss  a  viiy  eMiisidfrahle  tfitiiiu*.  It  i^  ii"'t 
loiij;  since  t!iat  A  piveriior  kept  open  bouse  ;  bi>  tnble  wie,  iii  :ill 
times,  laid  for  twenty,  and  the  eveniiij:s  wire  p.issrd  at  e;i»il^  iiinl 
billiards.  No  Yakut,  from  ll  distant  villsi^c,  entered  bis  hniisi' 
without  receiviiii;  bis  day's  fisid,  a  drum,  a  p-  iiml  ol  tobiieeo.  imi>1 
A  night's  liKl.'ing.  The  result  was  that,  ulun  his  birth  or  saint  s 
d.iy  Arrived,  the  inerehants  and  Yakut  ]iriiiei's  ii^reed  thiit  hr  Imd 
a  nolilti  heart ;  that  he  B|ieiit  more  iiioiuy  tluiii  ]>.-  reeeiviil ;  iiinl 
that,  therefore,  it  was  necessary  to  reiinliurse  luiii  ;  and,  iieteiid 
of  reeeiviiii;  litXK)  or  l,'i  (HK)  rmibhs  viorlh  of  skiii>,  u)  mi  the 
day  of  his  feast,  be  received  |  robubly  'Id  Odd;  anil,  by  thesi  spon- 
taiiisiiH  nllcrin^  of  the  inhahitants.  be  is  iiuid  to  have  ^t>iu-  iiuny 
the  richest  chief  ever  kiionn." 

'  Nerlschinsk,  the  chief  city  of  the  district  of  tlinl  iiniiie  in  the 

trans-ltaikal    territory,    is  a    town   of  iil t    r>,di  d   iiihiibitaiiis. 

situated  oil  the  left  bank  of  the  Uiver  Scbill.a,  w  lit  re  it  i>  Joiiml 
by  t"ie  Nertseha.  The  countiy  on  the  riylit  bank  of  the  ^clnlka 
is  marshy;  but,  on  the  Icit,  it  is  hilly,  with  vny  little  wcmsI, 
except  the  willows.  'I'lui  Ncrlselia  tails  into  the  i^clidk.i  li'>  in  li.e 
iiiirth  ;  it  runs,  ueeor''iii;x  to  Mr.  Atkinson,  thn  ii^b  a  Iiiiiy 
valley,  where  the  river  is  thickly  sbtididwitb  «liiis  mid  willows. 
and  its  hanks  are  but  little  iiliove  the  waters.     t'<iclir:iiie  spc;ik-> 

of  eiiliivati'd  valleys  and  elevated  blntlson  the  Irii:'  da.  in  uppt -h- 

iii(j  it.  Nertsi'binsk  stands  on  a  tribiitiiry  of  the  .viiiisir.  It  wai 
here  tho  Kussians  first  baited  on  their  eastward  pro^-riss  and 
hence  they  will  start  apiin  down  the  Aiiioor.  '1  lu-  pi>|iiit  iiion 
are,  for  the  most  part,  engaged  in  trade,  purchasing'  iiiiil  Imitir- 
iiij^  t'lirs  tiir  tea,  powder,  b-inl,  and  other  iieccssiiiics  |i>r  the 
bnnters.  Some  are  enirairisl  in  the  I'binc-e  eniryiiijt  trade,  wble 
iiiaiiy  are  iK-eiipied  in  the  f^ovi  riiinent  otlices,  and  in  various  ilnliis 
conncetisl  with  t  <e  mines  and  cnioict  esliiblishniei.t,  wi  ii  h 
united  have  made  Nertsi>liinsk  such  a  nmiie  ot  |hiwi  r  iiinoev'^'  ^dl 
elassi's  of  Unssians.  I'p  to  the  year  ISIH,  iis  we  leaiii  iVoin  jMr. 
Atkinson,  silver  and  1  ad  formed  the  principal  products;  of  the 
former  25(t  pisnls,  and  of  the  hitter  ll.'>,.'iiK)  poods,  were  pindnccd 
annually;  all  the  lead,  excepting  hdO  poods,  h  us  traii^|ioi  ted  to 
Ilaniaoul,  where  it  was  used  in  snicltini;  the  ores  of  i  be  Altai. 
furi'iusly  enouifb,  the  lead  of  Nertschinsk  iievei  found  its  wjiy  to 
the  INissiAti  arsenals;  it  would  leive  cohI  six  limes  the  pi  ice  ot' 
Kn^lisb  lead,  delivered  cither  in  St.  I'etcrsbiin;  or  Moscow. 
This  supply,  so  essciii  id  toiler  iiiiiiin^;  operations  in  the  .\ltiii, 
suddenly  eeased  in  IStN,  wlicn,  upon  thu  aiiiiexniion  of  the 
AmiHir  to  Hiissia,  the  greater  part  ot  the  popiibitiiii  m  tie  trans. 

Itail,  ll  were  made  Cossacks.      Iiii  and  / have  been  found  hcrCi 

but  not  in  aoltlciently  rumunerative  ipimiiitics. 


I'i'il,  111'  liooame 

10  a  flciir  HWi'cj) 

lltl   llllll.sclf,  iiikI 

•|p:iri(l  ijii  ctl'urt 

Isk,    lit   IllMMit    It 

tri.t  (.tr.l>ky, 

('.         It     tdiullcs 

'liiiia,  iiiiil  till- 
lill^k,      lllul      (if 

<if    Yakutsk," 

It  ciiiitaiiis  III) 

Ailliiii    its  ]ii('- 

it    iiii|>i>i'taiii  (', 

it.s    ]iarti('iilai' 

HT    of  lilissiillis 

or  flic  jirdcliii c 
tlu'iii  in  I'i'liii  ri 
III!  tniulilc  ai:il 
I'd  the  govcni 

10. 

r  ti'M   iiiiiiiili's 

11  that  umilil 
'ilisnl  socici  \ . 
Ills    of    wiiili  1 


mU  liiTi',  iiii'l  II  !• 
I's,  11  trjnclii  r  .  t 
cit'  till'  iniiuii  ill 
ml.  Mild  iliili  |'(  11- 
rtliMi'.  ]l  i>  iiiil 
>  tiilili'  Uii*.  Ill  ill! 
cM'il  lit  Citnl^  111  il 

lltcl'Cll  Ills  llllllxr 
il   III     tlllilU'l'il,  llliii 

s  liirtli  iir  Miint  s 
ni'il  lliiil  111'  h.«\ 
K-    ri'i-ri\iil  ;   tii.il 

111  ;  mill,  iii-lriiil 
skill",  ii|  on  III,' 
I,  hy  tlirsi  s|inii- 
Imvi'  ^:iiiii-  iiuity 


DP  AND   DOWN  THE   AMOOR. 


Sift 


clothing,  two  Hpring  costiimps,  soino  a\ijjir,  toil,  bisooitH,  I  it  took  tis  ton  diiya  to  pnsh  nci-oss  tho  snow.     Diiriiig 
mill   moat,  piiwilor,  loml,  anil  arms,  ii  little  rum,  soiiio     this  timo  wo  woro  soai'ooly  o\or  in  liio  sailillo,  a.s  i;  was 


li/it  niiiiii-  ill  till' 

Mil  ililial.iliiiilN. 
ri-  it   is  {iiiiiiil 

I.  Ill  till'  ."'.'Lilkii 
r\  liitli-  \M'.'i|, 
liiilkii  II'.  Ill  il'i' 

11  iipli   a    I  nii\ 

Ills    Itlill    \\  llIiiM  ^ 

''iclinilii'  s|.i'..k" 
ilil.  ill  iippi 'li. 

Vllicdl'.       It    Uiis 

I  iimtriss  nil, I 
'I  111'  |>i.)>ii|  iiiiiii 
11);  mill    luiili  I 

'Sinus  li'i  till' 
ili^  I  null',  uli  II' 

II  variiiiis  (iiitii  s 
liliK'i.l,    \\  Ilil  II 

Hit  iiii;ii|i--I   nil 

Iciiiii  lii'iii  ,Mi-. 
I'lllli  ts;  III  till' 
WvlV    (ifi'illHn! 

traiis|iiii  !ril  til 
s  111  till'  Altai. 
illliil  its  way  III 

I'S     till'     I'lilT   III 

L'     III'     Mil ». 

-  ill  till'  .\ltiii. 
'VMlinll     i.f     till' 

tl  r  trans. 

.11  f. mill  liciv, 


hraiidy,  .some  liiissian  ami  Yakut  Imttor,  nil  sown  in 
loathor  Iiuj^h  in  hiimlrod  wi'ifjhts,  fiistoned  t.oj»ethor  with 
thoii^  ;  two  iif  tliom  oonstitutos  ii  singlo  horatiloiid. 
Altliinmh  it  WHS  about  Fobniary,  the  cold  ooiitiniiod  ox- 
ceodiiiirly  in  rijjour,  and  tho  thonnomotor  of  Hoatiinur 
w.'is  111  'iro  when  T  (|iiittod  Yakutsk  with  the  two  tJos- 
saiks  ittidor  my  orders.  I  wont  as  far  lus  Anifja,  or  Ani- 
fliiiskaia,  on  tho  Rivor  Anii{a,  in  a  alod<;o  diiiwn  by  two 
hiir.sO'S  (.S'«e  [).  820) ;  thoro  we  |i|aood  our  l)af;ga.g(^  on  tho 
liaoks  of  sovoii  horses,  anil  oontiiiuod  our  i-outo  undor  tho 
oonduot  of  tho  guides.  Hut  our  atoed.s  woro  frosli  from 
griusa,  and  could  not  keep  up,  wi  wo  wore  obliged  to  call 
a  halt  ill  about  two  hours,  in  ii  place  Huitablo  to  R|M'nd 
tho  night.  ( )ur  guides  first  roloasod  the  horses  from  their 
binthetis,  then  swept  away  the  snow,  and  gathorod  dry 
wiMid  to  light  a  tire,  thou  they  tilled  a  huge  kettle  and  a 
]iiit  with  molted  snow,  and  set  tlioin  to  bi.il  ;  as  soon  as 
tho  gonial  warmth  from  tho  fire  |)erviuled  our  hall  frozen 
limbs  with  a  refroshiiig  glow,  they  Ix'gan  to  got  ready 
our  bod,  with  bniiiohos  of  trees  wliich  tl'oy  hoa|H'd 
up  and  covered  with  our  saddles  and  boar-skins 
^loanwhilo  wo  oiijoyed  our  snpjier,  which  ended,  we 
tiMik  olVoiir  outer  clothes  and  wont  to  bod,  the  Yakuts 
taking  care  to  bury  all  our  lM>ot.s,  stockings,  gloves, 
and  outer  coats  that  wore  wot,  in  the  snow  to  dry,  which 
tlioy  did  much  sooner  than  by  tho  tiro.'  As  soon  as  tlio 
heat  iif  our  bodies  warmed  our  bods  we  slept  soundly, 
and  on  waking  next  morning  wore  rubbed  all  over  with 
snow,  thou  took  .soiiio  tea  and  ronowed  our  routt;,  and 
in  this  way  wo  travollod  as  long  as  the  snow  lasted. 

I  must  remark  in  this  place,  that  one  of  tho  greatest 
inconvoniencos  in  a  winter  jminioy  is  the  undressing  to 
lio  dnwii  ;  but  what  is  still  mure  painful  is  the  getting 
up  again  in  the  mnining.  To  wtish  youi-seU'  with  snow, 
and  ro|ilaoo  your  immoriiiis  garment-s,  one  must  have  a 
riiugli  tiatiiro  and  a  body  made  of  ice,  to  endure  all  this 
witliout  beooining  ill. 

I  never  drank  any  Hpirituous  liquors,  and  therefore 
I'aiiiiot  say  what  advantage  there  was  in  their  use  ;  b\it 
witliout  lea,  no  one,  I  am  conviiiood,  could  witlistand 
tlio  faligiios.  I  am  not  speaking  liori^  of  tho  Yakuts  or 
Iho'rungu.se,  who, being  b.nnand  bro'l  ina  hoar  fro.st,  can 
travel  111  tho  simw  thioe  days  without  anything  to  eat. 

.•\ftor  throe  or  four  d.iys'  jounioy  wo  reached  the  loft 
banks  of  the  groat  Hivor  Aldun,  op|M)site  tin?  chaniiol 
wlioro  it  rocoivos  tho  waters  of  tho  Utchur.  We 
halted  in  a  'ruiiguse  yiirt,  ;ir  hut,  where  we  loarut 
that  for  some  twenty  miles  forward  our  road  was 
covered  with  six  feet  of  snow,  and  that  travelling  over 
tliis  was  hopelos.s.  Our  instructions  forbade  our 
roturiiing,  and  we  should  have  to  make  a  detour  of 
tliirty  miles  before  .-o  could  get  roiiidoor  to  replace 
our  '  •  ■ 

for  boast.s  only  capable  of  light  burthens.  Ho 
romaiiieil  two  days  in  the  Tuiigu.se  hut,  and  on  the 
third  cro.ssod  tho  Aldun  ;  but  scarcely  were  wo  in  tho 
bod  of  tlio  fni/.on  river  than  the  depth  of  the  snow 
brought  our  linrses  to  a  stand-still.  One  of  our  guides 
took  tlie  two  unlailon  horses  by  the  bridle,  and  led 
tliein  forward.  They  slipped  about  nud  foil,  and  in  so 
doing  lii'oko  tho  hard  crust  of  snow.  We  followed  in 
their  tracks,  with  the  rest  of  the  horses  in  lllo,  one 
after  the  other.   It  t<Hik  un  a  dav  to  make  six  miles,  and 


im|Kissilile  to  oiiduio  the  viuliiit  slnuks.     Wo  protorrod 
imtting  on  our  skati's,  and  skating  nvor  tlio  ^'iiow. 

Scarcely  had  we  pa.s.sed  this  simwy  iiii|i('iliiiient  than 
a  new  obstacle  picsonted  itself.  Tito  waters  of  the 
Utchur,  chained  up  in  their  rooky  bed  by  ice  of  six 
foot  in  thickness,  had  bui-st  their  icy  loin  is  and  spread 
thomsolvos  over  the  stirl'aoo  knee  deep.  hi  .some 
channels  they  had  frozen,  and  furiiiod  a  sheet  of  sloct, 
on  which  the  horses,  who  had  not  boon  rough-shod, 
slipt  about  and  slided,  and  whore  even  the  loiii  deer 
could  not  keep  their  feel.  Our  men  wore  obliged  to 
clio,)  and  sever  the  ieo,  ar  '.  strew  it,  in  p.iil.s,  with  dry 
earth  and  .sand,  of  which  they  laid  in  a  stock  at  coii- 
veuient  places.  In  one  place,  where  those  precautiims 
were  not  taken,  our  six  horse-  all  wont  down  together. 
The  paoks  broke  up,  and  the  wliolo  day  was  lost  iu 
getting  them  together  in  good  order  again. 

In  one  part  of  our  journey  wo  passed  near  some 
mountains  tlitit  presented  a  marvellous  sight.  The 
waters  wliioh  had  been  ama.ssod  on  the  siiinmils,  had 
broken  their  icy  onvolopes,  and,  tumbling  ovi'r  the  tops, 
had  been  airoslod  by  frost  in  I  heir  piogi'o.s.s.  When 
the  bright,  clear,  spring  sun  was  .setting,  its  rays  tell  fi.ll 
U|H)n  this  piilishod  surface,  which  sjiarkloil  as  if  it  had 
boon  eovoioil  will,  precious  stmies.  At  the  foot  of 
these  moiintains  tho  river  ran  .so  swiftly  that  il  was 
never  iVoziii 

It  wa.s  the  month  of  A]>ril  when  we  began  to  follow 
the  right  bank  of  tho  J'^giue,  an  allliioiit  on  thi' 
left  b.ink  of  tlio  lUi'hur.  One  day  wo  caugjil  sight  nf 
some  d.irk  object  that  seeinod  to  be  motionless  at  llio 
edge  of  the  rivor  brink.  At  tiisl  wo  took  it  for  some 
animal,  but  on  a  nc-iror  approadi  recognised  it  aa 
a  Tunguso,  who  was  seated  and  weeping  He  rose  iiii 
and  saluted  us  after  their  fashion,  and  then,  in  reply  to 
our  inipiirios,  told  us  the  cause  of  his  grief. 

"  Yesterday,"  said  he,  "  on  my  comiii);  to  the  wood, 
I  came  upon  some  traios  of  a  wild  rein-doer.  I  re- 
turned home  and  got  my  weapons  ready  and  started 
with  my  dog  in  the  middle  of  the  iiigiit,  when  evoiiiiig 
had  hardened  the  snow  that  fell  in  tlio  luiildlo  of  the 
day.  On  reaihiiig  tin'  wood  I  waited  two  liours  and 
smoked  my  pipe,  and  ju.st  at  dawn,  whiii  il  was  light 
enough  to  distinguish  a  font-print,  I  slipt  my  dog  and 
followed  him  on  my  skates.  .Away  over  rivers,  woods, 
and  inouiitaiiis  we  How  for  hniirs,  until  the  rein  door, 
foot.soro,  left  bloody  tracos  on  tho  gra.ss,  and  relaxed 
sensibly  in  their  pace.  Kaeh  leap  of  my  dog  brought 
him  nearer,  and  at  last  I  hoanl  him  howl  and  snap  as 
he  came  I'loso  upon  tho  doer.  I'.iit  all  at  once  the 
hound  uttered  a  cry  of  agnny  ;  I  roaiod  as  if  my  heart 
would  bui-st,  and  redoubled  my  speed  ;  when,  at  a 
loi-sos,  and  even  then  our  packages  were  too  lietivy  i  distance  of  t«o  musket  shots,  I  saw  mi  the  gniund  two 

fragments  of  tlesh,  black  and  brown,  .lust  at  tho  mo- 
ment when  my  dog  hail  reached  the  hold  of  rein  deer, 
ho  hail  driven  them  into  a  brook-run,  and  was  running 
up  and  down  to  prevent  their  esi'a|ie  fioiii  it.  Ilul 
while  ho  was  thus  engaged,  two  tamished  wolves  had 
come  down  from  tho  inountain.  seized  him,  the  one  by 
the  head,  the  other  by  the  tail,  and  torn  him  in  pieios  ! 
Moanwhilo  the  rein-deer  had  ni'ido  otldn  all  sides.  My 
dog  had  seen  the  snows  of  .seven  winters:  fnnti  the  age 
of  six  months  he  had  taken  to  the  cha.so,  and  for  six 
vears  not  a  day  pa.s.sed  but  ho  brought  me  homo  a 
dinner.  Tin  elk,  the  wild  rein  doer,  "lie  sable  fell  to 
my  unfailing  aitows  when  ouco  my  dug  was  on  tlirii 


'  It  i«  a  curiimii  fiict,  na  licri'  iiotioil,  thnt  budw,  nt  ii  very  low 
tcin)>orntiiri>,  iiliiiorliii  inuisliiri'  ami  dhw  gu:uiuut«.  Xliin  wiw 
obierviHl  bj  our  Arutie  tnrtUwrt. 


I    I 


11 


1^.  !!i 


ii  n 


1    i    :  ' 
1   i'^ 

h  [• 

\M 

fl  1; 

¥ 

■    '  i 

si« 


ALL  ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


tracks  I  was  rich  when  I  had  liim  ;  how  jtoor  am  I 
now  !  How  can  I  slmw  niVNelf  before  my  family  ,  my 
wife  and  children  are  wuitiiij;  to  caress  him  on  his 
return  ;  their  lamentations  will  tear  my  heart  like  a 
jiiHgt'd  knife." 

We  could  not  comfort  the  ]Miiir  fellow,  so  we  (Missed 
on,  recommending  patience,  a  ([uality  we  stood  greatly 
ill  need  of,  shortly,  ouraelves,  as  we  had  to  join  a 
party  of  travellers,  and,  with  onr  animals  in  one  col- 
lection, horses  and  ri'in-deer,  beat  a  path  across  a 
moiiiitaiu  to  the  fair  of  Utchur,  where  we  arrived  on 
the  1st  of  May.  Here  1  collecttid  the  tribute  (in 
Yakut,  (EUmgte)  and  fullille  i  several  other  missions. 
Thi.s  done,  on  the  1st  of  June  we  set  otf  for  Ud.sky, 
with  our  horses  refreshed,  and  ten  rt^indeer  thiit  we 
had  purchased  in  addit  inn.  The  Journey  now  before 
us  of  500  uides,  acro.ss  rivers  and  mountains,  was  by 
no  means  plea.iaut  in  pros|iect.  How  much  wor.-^e  in 
re.ilitN  !  When  it  rained,  we  drove  our  bea.sts  into 
the  river  and  made  them  swim  across  ;  at  other  times 
we  constructeil  a  r.ift.  The  country  was  nothing  but 
jilains  witli  sharp  rocks,  marshes  without  bottom, 
tliat  ni'vcr  drieil  up.  When  a  horse  fell  in  this  kind  of 
biiif,  lie  could  not  get  U[)  ai^ain  of  himself.  Our 
scviMitceu  liorsi'3  once  went  all  down  together,  and  our 
!;nidi's,  up  to  tln'ir  girdles  iu  the  mud,  dragged  the 
p.ti'ks  awav  to  .some  dntauce,  and  l.iid  them  in  a 
(U'V  place.  Tlicn  thi'  lioi-scs  had  to  be  dragged 
<int  and  rcladeii,  and  we  stirted  on  ngiiin,  to  meet 
\iitli  a  simil  ir cata-troph  !  some  ivn  miles  further.  At 
one  lime  I  daslii'd  into  the  bog  myself,  to  hold  >ip  the 
lii'ids  nf  ih.ise  horses  who  wcie  down,  a  fourth  gave 
tln-i'c  or  f  piir  plun^''-',  and  was  sutricat<>d  in  the  mire. 
\\'lifinverc>tc  I,  the  nios  piitocs  worried  us  ;  and  whether 
citing,  drinking,  or  siivjiiMg,  their  visits  were  equally 
inccss  lilt  atnl   vex  itioiis. 

I'lie  Y.ikiit,  guides  tiok  all  this  ipiictly,  if  not  ]den- 
saiitly,  and  were  uniiiiig  iu  their  exertion:;.  No 
.s.ioner  had  we  halted,  tliaii,  spite  of  all  the  hunger, 
tliiist.  heat,  cold,  a.hes.  ami  wiaiiiiess  of  the  day,  they 
sat  ilowii.  some  to  mend  the  hanies.s,  iithei's  watched 
the  liorses  wliiie  refreshing  theni.selves,  otheix  nibbeil 
thi'm  down,  and  oilieis  kipt  guard  tliroiiiili  the  night, 
as  if  work  and  siilli'ring  were  the  ordinaiy  habits  of 
their  lives. 

.\bout  .seventy  miles  from  tliebmks  of  the  Uteliur, 
we  I'.iine  upun  the  cli.iiii  o!'  the  .liigjnr  (tin?  (Ireat 
.Mount  li. I,  the  VabloMoi  or  St.uiovoi  of  the  Kussians), 
wlii.-h  is  regarded  lus  the  bickboiie  of  Siberia.  l!i>ing 
to  tin-  cloiuls,  and  iiowliere  diniinishiiig  in  height,  they 
strctcji  in  long  r.iiige  for  ihoiisaiids  of  miles  to  the 
Krozeii  I  'cean,  where  they  lov\er  their  crests,  and  ternii- 
nite.  .Mid-day  had  ])is-ed  wlii'U  we  reached  the  foot 
of  this  chain,  and  we  li  ilted,  perforce,  fur  the  night, 
to  rct'resli  our  exhausted  hoT-ses.  Next  iiioriiing, 
lieforethe  sin's  heat  eouM  be  felt,  we  began  the  ascent 
on  loot,  the  horses  followiiig,  one  by  am-,  each  by  him- 
self; not  one  of  them  even  riiblK-d  against  a  Inish,  or 
fell  in  the  cricks  of  the  rocks,  or  stumbled  in  the 
ravine  or  worn  watiTways,  for  the  li'ast  false  step 
Would  h  ive  pri>  -ipilated  thi'iii  down  the  abyss,  hi)pel('>,s 
of  return.  .Aft  r  cieeping  along  in  this  way  for 
fourteen  hours,  we  iittaincMl  the  summit  of  Jii.'iiir, 
wliidi  is  uiii|iirstioiiably  the  highest  in  the  eountrv. 
It  WiLs  extremely  cold,  and  tinu'e  was  not  a  gii.it  or  a 
wasp  to  be  seen.  We  were  ipiiU'  frozen  during  the 
two  hours  we  h.iited  here  to  rest  our  hoi-ses  Fiom 
this  elevation,  the  otlier  muuutaiuH,  that  had  apjie  e,.,| 


so  high  to  us,  seemed  but  little  hillocks,  and  me  nu- 
merous rivers  that  descended  down  the  two  sides  of 
Jugjur  glittered  like  tiny  threads  of  silver.  The 
clo'.ds,  driven  along  like  mists,  were  broken  in  as  iliey 
touched  the  to|i  of  the  moiinUiin,  and  reniaineil  tloating 
along  its  front.  It  took  us  much  less  time  to  descend 
than  to  climb  up.  The  journey,  which  liusted  about 
sixteen  hours,  had  cxh.iunted  both  ourselves  ami  bea.sts, 
and  we  halted  at  the  first  pluce  we  came  t'-  fitted  for 
an  encampment.  Then  caiiii'  the  unloading  of  horses, 
the  lighting  fires  to  drive  off  the  niosipiitoe.s,  and  the 
delights  of  hot  tea,  in  the  middle  of  whicli  ;iiy  dog,  »  hiili 
I  had  allowed  to  run  loose,  came  in  from  the  wood,  and 
made  us  understand  by  his  quick  barking  that  he  liad 
found  S'  iiie  animal  in  the  neighbourhood.  I  know  not 
what  iH'cameof  the  fatigue  that  oppres.sed  me,  the  thirst 
and  hunger  that  1  felt ;  but  away  1  went,  without  think  ■ 
ing  on  the  tracks  of  what  kind  of  animul,  bear,  or  wolf, 
the  youngest  of  my  Co.ssiicks  and  of  the  guides  accom- 
panying nie,  armed  with  knife  and  riile,  of  which  we 
took  care  to  examine  the  charge  and  the  edge.  We 
followed  the  lead  of  the  dog  right  up  to  the  Ruminit  ol 
Jugjur.  There  we  discovered  an  argali  or  wild  sheepl 
(.s'('«  p.  302)  on  the  extreme  edge  of  a  lock,  where 
there  was  hardly  room  for  it  to  lie  down.  Having 
found  a  woodeil  clump,  we  slipped  Iroiii  tree  to  tree 
until  within  a  certain  di-tance  from  the  animal,  and 
then  tired  together.  Wi-  ha.l.sliot  the  game,  certa.nly, 
but  to  bag  It  wascpiite  anotlic>r  alliiir  ;  one  of  us  would 
have  gone  ilown  the  rock  with  a  rojie  .nid  hauled  it  up, 
but  even  this  could  not  be  done  lor.  on  receiving  tho 
.shot,  the  argali  had  lca]it  up  and  rolled  over,  down 
an  inimeasuiable  abyss  The  noise  occ.isioned  by  the 
clashing  of  his  large  horns  agiinst  the  side  of  the 
rock  was  loudly  lepeated  by  an  eclio.  As  i  veiy  angle 
of  the  precqiice  knocked  apiece  from  the  carcass,  it 
dwindled  almost  to  nothing  before  'eachiiig  the  iMitloni 
of  the  precipice.  AVell  was  it  for  us  that  tlii^  clia.se 
finished  ill  this  fasliion,  for  had  the  game  but  re- 
mained in  this  place,  one  of  onrselvcs  might  have 
sullered  a  similar  fall  in  going  to  seek  him. 

<  111  our  return  1  witmu.sed  an  odil  kind  of  shot  ;  the 
dogs,  who  were  in  iidvain c,  ])ursned  .some  birds,  who 
went  and  perched  i:i  the  branches  of  a  sliiin|iy  willow. 
I  reloaded  my  gun  and  was  about  to  lire,  when  the 
guide  stopped  liie,  saying  that  it  w,is  useless  to  wa.sle 
powder  and  shot  on  birds  that  coiilil  l<e  taken  with  the 
lianil.  Then  we  cut  a  long  wand,  which  we  stripped  of 
its  leave  1  anil  .shouts,  and  attached  to  one  end  a  noo.se  of 
hair,  w  liicli  he  held  out  careliilly  to  the  bird  on  the 
lowest  br.inch,  and  when  the  silly  creature  .stri'tclied 
forth   its  head  to  examine  the  oliject  a  little   clo.ser,  he 

*  Tiie  iir^iili,  or  wiltl  shop  (Ovis  Aiiiiiidii,  Ia'Ssuii,  llcsnmn'st ; 
.Kirravris  iirpili,  Piillas,  lilic^iiiH;  Ovis  iii'^mII,  llmlil;  I'upru  Ani- 
iiiuii,  l.iiiiia'iiii),  is  viTV  litiic  less  iliMii  thi'liiick  in  size  ;  iis  luiilv  is 
ciiMTciI  all  nviT  wi  li  ^liort  iiiiir,  wliicli  is  ot  a  vrllowiHli  j;ni\  in 
Miiitrr,  :oi(l  Ufimicsi)!' :i  rnssi't  i-ol.iir  ill  >uiiiiii('r.  Itiil  Ilnn-isoii 
tiio  liiick  ii  line  (it  riis..i't  celoiir,  wliicli  (I-h-s  imt  cIiuiil'c  like  I  he  r.  >l. 
(It  the  coat.  'riichoMisnf  the  mule  are  larce.  l.piiu',  nitil  ci'iKikeil,  a  nil 
are  us  iiiiich  tis  u  luuii  cun  hit  with  oiie  li  mil.  'I'lie  lioriis  it'  tho 
ft>iii,iteareMiiull,iiltiiosi  siriiiL'h1,.iti>l  much  like  tlxi-eni  tlieihiiiie^ti- 
ciitcil  ^oat,  I'lilike  the  ri'iii-<l<-cr,  ihc  ur^;ili  ilwilU  In  tic  iiioiiii- 
l.iiiiH  iliirini;  winter,  iomI  in  sjTiiiijHecKrt  the  jiluin..  unit  tlh'vullc\»; 
this  Klii^iiliirity  is  ucctiiintcil  tiir  hy  the  fict,  that  tlic  \\ii,«i  sweeps 
uwiiy  tliu  siliivv  triiiii  the  Kiiliitnits  nt' the  iiioiitituti  s.  iiikI  |iii^h«'H 
it  liijjellier  ill  the  l"w  reirions,  so  as  to  ent  rely  C'Ver  them. 
(■iClisl  with  ^rrnt  utility,  it  leaps  tniin  reek  to  nick  to  hrowse  (Hi 
the  inosse*,  the  rare  ^tiss,  anil  the  ti'iiiler  slionts  of  the  iiiyrl'e. 
I'tio  feiiiuli*  heuiH  twice  u-\eur  -  spr'ii;;  mill  uiitiiinii-  iiiiil  llieii 
),'lve  hirlh  to  t»o  I  ilillw  lit  one  lime  Ilie  ll.'sh,  Ullil  e>|S'ciully 
tiiu  tat  ul  the  uigiili,  uru  luucli  sought  after  h^'  siberiau  buntvrt. 


m! 


UP  AND  DOWN  THE  AMOOR. 


Sit 


tlion  liitclii'd  tlio  sli|i-kTiot.  ovor  its  iii-ok,  mid  drew  it  i 
t.iiWMiils  liiiii.  Ho  twislcd  its  nt'ck,  iuid  tlicii  oau{j;lit  ! 
Mil  tilt!  list  in  till'  s.iiiii!  t'asliiiiii.  Tliia  l)ii(l,  «liich  tlif 
ViiUiits  liill  kiiriiLi/,nui\  tlui  Uiissiiuis  dikoiilii,  \n  l:iii»cv 
lliiiic  :i  ]iiill('t, 1111(1  Icsstliiui  tliesjii'ikli'dcock  of  tin:  wmiils 
oi'c'iiprnuilzic,  whioii  it  n-Heinlik's  in  its  )iliiinaKtMiii(l  tlif 
t  isto  nt'ils  flisli.  It  is  tolenilil)'  laij;e  in  the  Ixuly,  ami 
sliciit  ill  lilt!  iiftk.  I  liii  •'3  never  met  tills  bird  olln'rwist- 
tl  !iii  at  I'llsky,  aiitl  tlit'ii  uiiyrarely.  Frtnii  tlieday  tliat 
we  iiuittfil  .liiLTJiir  until  ,liat  of  our  arri-iil  at  IJtlsky, 
vc  tiHik  ii]i  iiiir  i|Uiirl('rs  cvrv  uiglit  iieai-  tlio  elliDW  of 
till'  rivtr,  ;iiitl  stifti'lied  simic  nets  we  had  hniuijlit 
ncniss  it.  'I'lii'  iit'Xt  nioniincr  generally  hrtnmht  us 
two  (ir  thrct'  liiit'tish  of  the  SiUinon  species,  the  r/mrhih, 
or  Siiliiiii  tliyiii;illiis,  ail  agreea'.ilc  atlditioii  to  ranciil 
liulter,  ilry  liisiuit,  or  oiitmeal,  /hich  must  otherwise 
have  I'l't'ii  our  tare.  | 

The    town    of    Udsky   (I't,   in    Yakut),    where    we  , 
arriveil  in  the  iiiitlille  of  siimiiier,  is  situate  on  the  left  , 
hank   of   the    Kiver    Lit,   in    a  eoiiiitiy    where  a  liij^h  ] 
mountain    sinks    down,   ami    forms  a  tolerahly    largi.'  | 
vallev  ;   it  is  ahoiit  sixty  miles  from  the  Sea  of  (.)khotsk.  j 
its  |)ti[mlation  eoiisists  of  a  jiriest,  a  ehurehwarden,  a  j 
I'aptain  of  Cossaeks,  who  acts  as  j;overnor.  iind  fifty 
men  iiiitlir  his  iiriiers  ;  a  dozen  of  peasants,  six  or  seven  j 
Ciissiiiks,  three  or  tour  Yakuts;  lastly,  three  or  four  ; 
humlittl  TiiiiLjusi's,  who  have  no  tixod  dwt'lliiii,'s,  Imt 
wiiiiiltr  alioiit  ill   winter  anil  siiiimi  sr,  and   transport  | 
tlienisclvfs  from  jilaeo  to   ))lace  as  the  chase   invites  j 
tlifiii.      Ifavinn  a  mission    to  stmly  v,lio  manners  ami! 
industry  of  this  peoplf,  [  was  ol)lii,'ftl  to  travel  all  over 
till'  country  ;  so,  lia\  iin{  smitched  a  brief  repcse,  I  em- 
harked  with  my  two  ( 'ossacksaiid  guides,  ami  ilfSii'mled 
till'  liivcr  I't,  which  runs  into  l,lie  sea.      At  its  month, 
two  or  three  Tuii'j;iise  are  stalioiicd,  who   eaiilure  an 
immense  quantity  of  ka,>liu  (a   species  of  trout),   si-a- 
sharks.  and  also  lay  up  stores  of  whale  oil  ;  foi   every 
year   the  waves   throw  up,  on   this   shore,  one  or  two 
whales  of  alioilt  six  oi  scm'ii  fathoms  iu  length.      They 
shoot  the  larger  .sea-sharks,  Imt  kill  thesmall  ones  with 
chilis.      A  portion  of  these  skins  theytiress,  and  smoke 
the  rest  for  soles  to  their  samlals.     These  skins  are  ex- 
cellent.    The  marshes  alioiit  aboiiiitl  in  geese  and  ducks, 
lu'sitles  a  great  niiinlier  of  sea-snipe  or  sanderliiigs,  and 
other  kinds  of  birds.     On  the  turn  of  the  title,  these 
small  waders  go  tlowii  to  the  shore,  ami   place   them- 
selves on  sm.'ill  islands;   but  not  tinding  snlliciciit  room, 
tliev  staiitl  one  on  the  top  of  the  other;    and   1   have 
killed  littv-livc  at  one  shot,  when  they  rose  in  flight. 

After  p.issiiig  four  thiys  in  this  jilaee,  1  turned 
b.iek  towards  the  frontier  of  I'tlsky,  acconipanicil  by  six 
men,  navigating  two  canoes,  made  from  hollow  poplar- 
trees.  The  tiist  ilay.siich  w;is  the  force  of  the  current, 
that  we  were  coinpcllcil  to  work  n|>  by  means  of  iron- 
shod  poles;  in  the  evening  ami  all  night  the  rain  fell, 
and  the  next  mornitig  the  water  liatl  reacheti  the  top 
of  the  bank.  At  this  season  it  rains  for  five  days 
without  sto|i|)inLr.  I'Varing  too  long  a  detention  if  wo 
m.'ide  a  halt,  :is  well  as  nmniiig  short  of  provisions,  we 
resolved  to  spare  no  etforl  in  niaking  our  way  up  the 
river.  Jliiriiii;  live  tiays  «c  adv.uicctl  from  tree  to  tree 
along  its  borders  ;  we  were  exii.iusted,  our  provisions 
gone,  and  we  were  yet  forty  niilcs  from  llilsky  bv  water, 
iind  twclvi' across  the  forest  by  land.  (>iir  guides  as 
Burtd  me  that  the  three  stre  ims  .wdlicli  ineandereil 
through  the  tiircst  would  not  hinder  ns  |iassiiig  ;  so  I 
armed  myself  with  my  rille  and  luiteliet,  and  slarlcd  at 
sunrise,  with  oneCoiisack  and  a  guide.  Our  intention  wiis 


to  go  over  the  wood  and  return  in  the  evening  with 
game  for  those  of  our  jiarty  who  remained  in  the  boats. 
Hut  this  ]ilaii  could  not  be  tarried  out,  since  we  had 
not  gone  nmru  than  three  miles  before  we  eaiiie  to  a 
stream  that  we  eoulil  not  get  over,  ami  lost  half  the 
tlay  in  going  up  to  its  bed,  which  we  tinally  crosseil 
with  the  water  to  our  girdles.  In  the  iMiiing,  just 
at  siin.set,  we  came  on  another  stre.mi  some  miles  long, 
and  which  it  was  impossible  to  turn,  so  we  pas.setl  the 
night  on  its  hank,  exposed  to  the  ruin,  witlnmt  aiiv 
covering.  A  fire  was  got  up  of  damp  wood,  which 
smoked  hideously,  ami  gave  out  little  warmth.  Wo 
smoked  ami  shivered  through  the  night,  and  in  the 
morning,  at  the  first  tlawn,  niatle  a  raft  ol  four  or  five 
fallen  trees,  so  that  two  of  ns  might  f,'o  over  at  a  time 
to  the  opposite  bank.  \Ye  had  tiiiishcd  this  Job  by 
mid  day,  but  as  the  timber  was  saturated  with  water, 
our  raft  would  not  support  more  than  one  at  a  time  ; 
and  ut  last,  it  was  arr.inged  that  the  giiiilc  shouM  imss, 
push  on  to  I'iKky  upon  it,  and  scml  b.ick  a  caiiiic  to 
meet  us.  When,  however,  we  hail  }'ot  our  fr.iilbaik 
into  the  middle  of  the  stream,  it  turned  over,  scparatcil 
into  two  |iiect'S  and  threw  the  boM  navi;;ator  into  the 
water;  we  heard  him  uttering  loud  erics  of  distri'.ss, 
but  could  not  get  near  him.  Happily  lie  was  a  good 
swimmer,  lamlcil  in  wifcty  on  the  other  sitlc,  rested 
himself,  and  started  for  Itlsky.  liciiig  left  alnne  with 
the  Cossack,  I  ap|ilittl  myself  to  igniting  tires  in  ilitl'e- 
rent  directions  to  keep  otf  the  bears.  However,  with 
the  exertion  of  the  tlay,  I  slept  soumlly,  aiidoiilv  woke 
at  the  rising  of  the  sun,  to  hear  the  voices  of  two  naii 
anil  our  guide,  who  liatl  come  back  with  a  canoe  to 
carry  us  to  IMsky,  which  we  readied  at  iiiiiliiighi, 
after  two  days  ■.|)ent  without  food.  AYc  hatl  been  scmii 
tlays  successi- ely  iu  our  wet  elothe.s,  yet  not  one  of  us 
wits  ill. 

Our  secontt  ."xeursion  was  still  worse.  It  began  iu 
September,  when  the  nights  were  cold,  and  the  wafer's 
growing  shallow,  began  to  be  stillilietl  into  ice.  1  em- 
barked anew  with  my  t«o('o.ssacks  an  1  three  guiiles  to 
go  and  tiiid  an  as,sembly  of  Tunguses.  After  we  li'f't 
I'dsky,  it  snowed  at  the  first  jilaee  whcif  wf  haltttl, 
anil  tlie  guides  rising  in  the  night,  couUl  timl  only  one 
rein  tleer,  the  rest  having  been  dispcisttl  by  a  wolf. 
They  startctl  off,  all  three,  on  the  se.ireli,  and  lett  ine 
alone  with  the  two  Cossacks.  Tlii'ir  absence  lasted  three 
days,  tluring  which  it  rained  and  snowed  unceasingly. 
The  provisions  that  we  lijtl  ]ii(ivitlid  for  six  or  seven 
1  tlays  were  all  washetl  away;  the  place  we  I'l'acht'tl  bail 
been  a  niai'sh,  and  our  posit  ion  was  right  tlowii  niclaii- 
clioly.  On  the  fourth  il.iy  our  guitlcs  brought  b;ick  six 
of  our  rein  ileei',  which  they  had  much  trouble  in 
lintling  ;  all  traces  of  the  rest  were  lost.  We  starti  il 
'.  the  .same  tlay,  that  is,  as  .soon  as  our  lent  would  allow 
i  U.S,  for  it  was  frozen  into  a  sheet  of  gla.ss,  outsitic,  to  the 
thickness  of  three  lingers. 

The  ruonlli  of  Sejitciuber  is  the  worst  time  of  ye  n' 
for  travilling  in  Siberia.  A  thin  licet  of  ice,  eo\cntl 
with  snow,  sM'ctcbes  over  banks  iMVeretl  with  gr.isscs  ; 
over  rivers  which  issue  out  of  lakes  ;  ami  over  muddy, 
shallow  streams  ;  not  being  strong  enough  to  be.ir  any 
weight,  it  breaks  niitlcr  the  foot  ;  the  ri'in-deer  'ii'- 
ipienlly  sink  through  it,  ami  the  traveller  tiills  into  the 
water  nnicss  Ik:  takes  great  eare. 

Scarcely  hatl  we  tpiitted  our  encain|Uiient  but  I 
plungetl  into  the  water,  iu  which  comlition,  wet  through 
to  the  skin,  1  kept  joiirneving  on  fioin  iniil  tliiv  I" 
dark    niglit,  and   tor  six  or  seven  hours   was  only   a 


i  I 


'     ! 


! ; 


818 


ALL  BOUND  THE  WORLD. 


moving  icicle.  My  arms  and  my  feet  wuro  l)eminibi'(l 
and  without  .sonsjitinii,  l)Ut  a  ^(hmI  Imwl  <if  tea  and  Nonu! 
warm  clotlirs  set  all  riglit.  Tlu'  iiioniiiif;  after,  we 
arrived  at  tlie  frontier  station  of  Udsky,  wlienee,  after 
ten  days  spent  in  i)rc])aration,  I  stirted  off  on  my  grand 
journey  with  nv  >  Ol)ssal•lc^',  two  guides,  and  thirty 
rein-deer,' in  granu  javalcade,  just  at  the  end  of  Sej)- 
temlier. 

We  yaished  along  to  Burukan,  which  is  neaily  four 
hundred  miles  to  the  south-east  of  Udsky,  and  three  or 
four  days  from  the  mouth  of  the  A  moor.  It  is  nearly 
four  hundred  miles  from  llurMkan  to  the  source  of 
the  Hyniya,  and  two  hundreil  ,ind  fifty  from  ISyraya 
to  the  River  Silimji,  whiih  is  live  hundred  miles  from 
Udsky.  Tlie  first  day  of  our  voyage  we  halted  after 
a  short  stage  v{  (ifteen  miles.  As  .soon  as  the  rein- 
deer were  uidaden,  and  .set  at  liberty,  witli  a  log  sus- 
j)en(hd  round  their  necks,  so  as  to  himler  their  running 
far  away,  the  guides  .sounded  the  earth  with  a  long 
p(jle  ;  and  while  all  of  us  together,  Cos.saek.s,  guides, 
and  myself,  cleared  the  tliiek  .snow,  one  of  the  guiiles 
lookeil  aflir  small  wood  for  the  tire,  and  another  cut 
about  thirty  poles,  stripped  them  of  their  branches, 
and  plaeeil  them  where  we  had  swept  off  the  snow. 
Three  of  thi'iu  were  tieil  together  fur  the  centre,  and 
the  rest  put  up  across,  ami  the  .skins  spread  over  them, 
a  small  o|)eniiig  being  left  .it  th'/  top  tor  the  smoke  to 
escajie  ;  the  snow  is  heaped  up  round  tlio  t<Mii,  leaving 
only  a  n.irrow  entrance-way  o|ien.  Lastly,  the  ground 
is  strewed  with  small  branches,  and  upon  tlicso  a  beil 
of  furs  is  laid.  In  the  centre  of  the  t<'nl  a  tire  is 
lighed  with  the  chips  and  small  pieces  of  wood,  to 
melt  the  snow  in  tlu'  c.iiddron  and  tea-kettle.  ,Some 
time  is  occupied  in  getting  supper  ready,  and  it  is  mid- 
night wlien  we  take  to  our  beil.s.  When  we  get  up  in 
the  mnriiing.  we  take  our  garments  from  under  the 
snow  with  wliiili  we  have  covered  them,  that  the  wet 
may  be  alisorbcd  out,  and  we  drink  tome  tea  which  we 
keep  really.  As  .soon  .is  it  is  d.iy  light  the  guides  take 
their  Id.isus  (long  ropes),  and  go  after  tiio  hor.se.s.  They 
throw  tliern  over  the  reindeer's  leiins,  who  stands  quiet 
■when  caught,  as  if  surrendering  to  >inavoid.dilo  fate. 
Then  ccjmes  jiaekiiig  and  loading,  and  so  for  .seven 
months  we  went  on  travelling  all  through  the  long 
winter,  nev'  •  sli'cping  uii<ler  a  roof.  lu  three  sl.itions 
only,  where  1  made  a  halt  of  two  days,  did  1  iind  ten 
Tungu.si'  huts  together  in  one  |il,ice. 

The  surl'aci'  of  this  immen.se  country,  which  is  more 
than  two  hundred  kiesin  e.\tent  (about  tifteen  hundred 
miles),  is  covered  with  thick  forests,  rock.s,  ami  moun- 
tains, and  streams  of  water;  nowhere  is  a  road  to  be 
seen.  The  I'ungii.se  guides  know  the  name  of  every 
river  and  every  stream,  so  as  to  Iind  out,  without 
chance  of  losing  them.selves,  exactly  wliere  they  are. 
In  sonui  of  the  pa.ssi'.s,  wheie  the  snow  lies  dee)i,  they 
had  their  beasts  to  the  front  and  cause  them  to 
trample  u  patluway  ;   iu  othtTs,  they  cleave  with  their 


'  riio  rein-ilpor,  liarnps.scil  two  nbnivst,  to  ^  t'liii'lcn  riirrving  tlie 
driver  iiml  oTio  ii;i.;st'n::iT,  »it  Kiiiil  to  pfrlnrii  it  hunilii-d  vt'r>t?* 
a-ilnv,  ilioujjh,  "11  11  liiiu  j'liiitit'v.  tlii-ir  ilaily  i  viTujrc  ou^lit  not  to 
111!  allowfil  lo  t'Xfccii  tilty  or  sixty  verstn.  On  prrssin^  occneionft, 
liuwi'viT,  thoy  Imvi!  tnivill'il  t'nun  (Ikliotsk  to  Yiiknisk  in  oiplit 
(luySpliiMiit;  littli'  niTi'  lliuii  liulf  tliu  fihortcst  time  ■■  wliii'li  horses 
liiivoaooniplisliid  tlu'  (llstiinci'.  Why  tljiH  (litri-ri'iice  ?  t'hic'lly,  of 
rourflo,  bc'piinsc  tlic  ri'in-iloT  willi  its  s|ii«iiliii^;  luHif,  ii  kiiiil  of 
liicnriil  snow.Hlioi",  timlii  ii  ^jikkI  piiili,  intliu  (rill,  of  .Valnrc,  ovit 
tliu  sotti'sl  ilril;!!,  while  tbe  lioriM  everywhere  eiii.'uunleni  ■«  liixl 
ruud,  till)  fault  uf  luiui. 


hatchets  a  way  through  ndles  of  almost  impenetrable 
bushwood  ;  ami  in  such  regions  it  is  with  diffieulty  that 
six  or  seven  miles  can  bo  travelled  in  a  whole  day's 
journey. 

It  was  just  in  the  middle  of  winter  that  I  crossed 
the  Hyraya,  an  extremely  high  mountain,  after  piU!.sing 
the  night  at  its  foot.  The  evening  was  closing  in  as  I 
attained  the  sununit,  the  clindiing  up  to  which  was  ono 
of  the  most  dillieidt  feats  1  ever  accomplished.  Wo 
had  to  clear  from  our  jiath  a  fathom  depth  covered 
with  ^  hard  crust.  We  came  upon  a  block  of  stone  a 
fiithom  high,  and  having  climbed  up  it  after  great 
ditliculty,  were  obliged  to  unload  our  beasts  and  hoist 
them  in  the  air  over  it.  Never  can  I  forget  tho 
fatigues  of  this  journey.  Having  drank  some  snow- 
water plentifully  in  ascending,  I  was  seized  with  fever 
and  shivering,  without  medicim!  or  hel|i,  on  the  top  of 
a  mountain,  in  a  freezing  wind.  I  found  myself  in  a 
sad  position,  and  thought  I  s:iw  tho  shadow  of  death. 
The  struggle  for  lite  went  on  thriaigh  the  night,  my 
faithfid  Cossacks  anil  guides  anxiously  watching  nu!, 
bewailing  my  eonditiiai,  and  taking  care  that  I  did 
not  throw  oli'  the  fin's  that  covered  me,  since  if  the 
cold  caught  mo  all  wiaildbe  over.  Towards  morning  I 
slept;  and  awoko  bathed  i-  ^weat.  In  the  evening  I 
felt  oidy  a  head-ache,  and  t.  next  morning  was  able 
to  resume  my  route.  At  the  end  of  si.x  months  my 
mi.ssion  was  lultiUed,  and  I  returned  to  Udsky. 

The  country  I  had  travtived  is  dillicult  to  explore, 
an  account  of  its  impracticalde  roads,  its  impenetiablo 
woods,  its  inaccessible  niountjiin.s,  and  tho  numberless 
watercourses  that  intersect  it;  but  it  is  rirli  iu 
nninials  of  every  kind  —  jianthei-s,  bears,  w  Ives, 
gluttons,  lynxes,  Idack  and  white  fo.\es,  sables,  sipiinel.s, 
kire.s,  otters,  elks,  reindeers,  stigs,  does,  wild  shee|i, 
musk-deer,  wild  boar,  flying  sipiirrel,  bats,  mice  of  all 
kind.s,  ermines;  and  of  bird.s — white  .storks,  swans, 
ducks,  divers,  geese,  cranes,  capercailzie,  white  par- 
tridge, black  duck,  karaky,  woodcock.s,  Ac, 

The  month  of  April  .saw  me  on  my  way  to  Yaktitsk, 
a  voyago  at  such  a  season  neither  without  its  ditlieiilties 
nor  its  «langers  ;  the  bears  at  this  time  come  out  irom 
their  dens,  >liiven  by  hunger,  and  attack  the  first  living 
creature  they  me<'t.  These  bears  are  of  prodigious 
strength,  and  not  easy  to  escape  from  ;  they  will  havo 
flesh  and  blood  ;  ami  travellers  who  don't  wish  to 
pay  it  in  their  proper  jiei'sons  must  j)roee<'d  carefully, 
and  with  .some  ])recaution.' 

There  are  otlirr  dangers  from  the  rivers;  and  the 
rein-deiT  which  will  occasionally  leap  into  a  river  to 
the  traveller's  intense  disgu.st  and  illscoinlilnre.  Some- 
times, too,  there  are  no  dry  jilaces  to  be  found  at  night 
to  lie  upon,  and  the  jwxir  belated  voyager  has  to  ciiop 
down  a  tree  or  two,  and  so  make  a  platform  on  which 
to  stretch  his  skins — the  ciH)king  his  sup  er  under 
such  circumstances  is  a  matter  re<iuiring  jiatience  and 
dexterity. 

After  arriving  at  Yakutsk,  I  was  despatched  first 
to  Uleumnisk  and  then  to  Vilionisk,  on  the  Kiver 
Vilioui,  about  420  miles  from  Yakutsk.  lietween 
till  so  two  towns  is  a  desert  about  «S0  miles  in  widiii; 
but  tlie  environs  uf  Vilionisk  are  peopled   by  .'Kl,OU() 


'  "We  met  tho  po»t  from  YakutHk,"  s"ys  Ciiptuin  Coclirnno^ 
"imiliu  tlio  roiir.seof  nn  hour  inoro  we  were  orer;H''enl»y  tlmt  f^-oin 
Okliotsk  ;  the  latter  liiiil  iM'en  eucouiiteriKl  l>y  a  liciir,  which  hml 
iieslroyi.l  moat  of  the  lettem  uiid  pa])i'r9.  The jouriinl  of  Cupt«in 
^'uliliiliel^ll  ei|i«Hlitiuu,  iu  pwticulur,  bud  sulTured  much," 


UP  AND  DOWN  THE  AMOOR. 


Sid 


souls,  and  iiljouiul  in  stream,  wood,  and  pxsturagc, 
;;ainc,    fi-li,   i|ii:idi'U|i('d.s,   and    liirds    in    tlic    forest.      1 

sciini'ly  ixiiiiw  a  |il:u'(!  wlicrc   tin;   | |iii'    live  lia|i|iier, 

or  iiave  ii'ss  to  eoiM|>laiii  alimit.  In  this  place  arc 
tliree  riinari<:ilile  ]i|]eiioiiii'na — tlie  first  is  a  mound  of 
salt  which  melts  in  the  spriiii,' and  summer  witli  the 
rain,  hut  is  ri'stored  in  thi^  winter.  It  is  an  enormous 
mass  of  tlu-ee  colours,  white,  dear,  and  transparent, 
reil.  and  IjIuc,  'Phe  inhal)ilants  keen  it  for  their  own 
eonsuMiplion  1  The  second  cniiosit_>  is  the  ahnndance 
of  pneious  trans|iarent  stones  in  the  streams,  and  of 
vhiili  a  coniioiss  ur  might  perhaps  ho  uhlo  to  estiniate 
the  value.  I  h<'  third  curious  thing  consists  of  u  large 
■  jnintity  of  petritied  wood — whole  trees  with  their 
la.inclies  ai-tuallv  liarde  eil  so  as  to  serve  the  purpose 
I'f  i,'un-llints.      The  growth   of    harley  in   this  and   the 

.1  Ij: lit  di-liirts  shows  tliat  were  the  Yakiits  alive  to 

liii  ir  own  interests,  a  new  source  of  wealth  would 
speedily  ari^e  in  tlieir  country. 

'I'he  IVos'  is  inteiis<'  in  this  country.  The  tempera- 
ture, liy  l!<Muiner,  varii's  lietween  40  and  4')  degrees  ; 
liut  thc>  ativcs,  and  even  travellers,  do  not  ceiuse  to  go 
mil  ill  I  le  open  air.  In  the  winter  the  only  complaint 
i>  e  piig  ;  liii;  the  heats  of  summer  are  daiigcrou.s,  ami 
dianliiea  or  liloody  lliix  is  a  fatal  complaint  that 
rallies  iilf  the  VaUuts  liy  hundreds,  the  Ru.ssiau 
iiieilieal  men  heing  uiiahle  to  master  it.  The  country 
is  >o  exti'Usive  that  the  temperature  is  far  from  heing 
I  he  >aine  tliroiigliout ;  at  <  Mekininsk,  for  instance,  harley 
lliiivi's  well,  for  lln^  white  frost  comes  in  late  ;  lint  at 
.li.;ansk,  on  the  contrary,  the  earth  is  nevt^r  unfrozen 
luiire  than  two  spans  in  depth,  and  snow  falls  in  the 
iiiniith  of  .\ugust.- 

The  Yakut  population  is  ahoiit  l()0,0(1f)  men,  .and 
the  same  numlier  of  women.  'I'hey  are  all  haptised  in 
the  (Jreek  t'hurcli,  with  few  exception.s.  lint  they 
slid  keep  up  many  supi'rstitious  helii'fs,  and  specially 
that  of  prostrating  themselves  hefore  the  devil.  In  | 
cases  of  long  illness,  they  have  resort  to  conjurations 
of  their  .^haman.s.-' 


'  T Ills  in  (Ml  tliC  Kuor  I\a'in|iii'iiilii'i,  acconliiiff  to  our  VaViit 
tr.iviil  T.  lint  |{;i|>tiiiilL'iut  l.w  (iiiii'lin,  Vol.  1.,  p.  !tH,  of  Koraliii's 
lr;iiisl;itiiin, 

■'  All  l'!n;;iish  traveller  ijlvcs  ;i  more  niireealilc  pri)s|ipet.  Ifo 
wiis  1111  lUM  ly  llie  .siiine  rmiil,  ami  in  \\\-  viciiiiiy  of  Irkiilsk. 
"  We  |ii'rl'iriin'il,"  In*  mivs  "Si  vi-rsts,  p-neriilly  iit  a  ^uliop,  witli 
ithihI  li'iisi'N,  lliMiiiLxii  11  cimntry  uliicli  mii  all  siile.H  exhibitril  sif^iia 
of  ('  vil^ati  'II  iiml  eiiinf'irt  lln'  lainlsiMiu'.  Ih'm'.iIi'S  its  Uliililiutilii; 
(■li:ii;u'Lrr,  WHS  lnMHt iriillv  viirii'ii,  i-iiii>i^liia;  of  copses  of  woihI, 
liiu'ii'iiis  U'i'iii;iii;  Willi  Willi  (iiwl.  mill  jii- lirii  senvcri'il  witli  (iimitli'ss 
luTils,  llic  wliole  siiliJiviili'd  into  si'piiiiiic  I. inns,  eiit'li  w'tli  its  own 
liiiiiiestcml,  liy  ffiifcs  iiii'Uiiiiitiii.irks,  Simiool  tlie  pivtiicst  spots 
iv.ii'iimsirralciltollieiliail,  tiuli  Iwly  Imviiifra  Mooilea  toiiibover 
il,  with  a  cTci>s  lit  ciiliiT  inil.  fhe  iiiitivos  wei-e  lin-ily  ciii'.i;.'e(l  in 
iiiiiUiiiu'  hay  I'lr  their  cattli',  but  liir  tln'ciittliMiiily,  the  horses  being 
iill  a:l  winter  lo  shift  instiiielive'.y  fir  tht'iiiselves,  by  seniiiiiiH  iiway 
the  siiovv.  Ilii'V  were  iniiwiii»;  with  a  lo'ytlu*  ot  pi'ciiliiir  form, 
which  they  swiiiij;  very  iiwkw'iiriUy  over  their  lieiids,  choiipinir  ttie 
irrass  rather  t hull  cm  taii;  it.  'I'lie  carts  for  coiiveyinjj  the  liny  to 
the  liiriiiMinls,  wlierc  it  was  stackeil  iis  in  Kurope,  Imil  runners 
iiistciiil  of  wheels,  U-in^  nut  unlike  the  vehich'S  tisiil  for  tlic  same 
jHU'posi'  in  some  parts  of  tlie  )ii;:hl:inils  oC  Scot  hunt  Unw  liappy, 
tliniii^ht  I,  wiiulil  it  make  me,  to  see  some  of  the  |ioor  shvil'CS  ot" 
North  America  thus  ilevotiiiLr  their  lives  to  pciiceful  iniliistry,  iinil 
ciiJo\iii(;  all  llie  comforts  of  a  paslornl  existence!  In  iiiiiiiy  purls 
lit  their  country  they  iiiijht  well  tie  as  I'lunfortiihly  settleif  if 
tiii'j  wonlil  sli:ike  off  their  iiiilnlent  love  of  the  chiise,  not  only  us 
.1  laeiins  ot  ohtuininir  siiKsisicnce,  lint  even  as  a  pustinie.'* 

'  llii!  tricks  of  a  Vuiiiit  Sliumiin  or  wi'll-sori'crtT  are  Btriimre. 
"  lie  wie-e,"  Buys  a  traxeller  {Srf  p.  3*20),  ile-criliinj;  t  e  unties  of 
one  ho  met  on  his  wuy  to  (ikhiitsk,  "a  sort  of  short  snrtout, 
covered  over  with  a  v.iricty  of  small  pieces  of  iron,  about  the  si/e 
auil  shu^H!  of  the  ;ioiiitu(l  bladu  of  a  peiikuifu ;  his  bouta  wvru  tin- 


The  Yakuts  area]ieople  of  Jiiucli  affability,  vivacity, 
and  clevernc.s.s.  They  are  social  nnd  hospitahle  to'a 
degree.  The  traveller,  with  them,  is  welcome  to  all 
in  their  tent,  and  may  stop  a  week  or  a  month  with 
oiiually  undiminkshed  welcome.  They  regard  itasn  sin 
to  receive  ]iaymeut  for  hospitality.  Tlicy  ]iav  great 
respect  to  age,  follow  the  counsels  of  the  old  nun.  and 
regard  it  as  a  crime  to  in.sult  or  irritate  them.  When 
a  father  has  many  children,  lie  liuilds  houses  for  them 
in  siicces.sion,  as  they  marry,  a.'d  shares  with  them  his 
cattle  and  his  go<id8.  The  weakness  of  a  Vaknl  is  a 
love  for  ardent  spirits.  He  will  steal  all  that  you 
place  within  his  reach,  unless  you  give  hini  enough"  to 
get  drunk  with  at  onoe.  He  will  go  days  witlnnit 
eating,  hut  scandal  gives  hira  a  gluttonoiis  apjietito 
when  he  has  a  chance  of  feeding  on  the  fat  of  the 
land.  Cajitain  Cochrane  speaks  of  40  pounds  of  mutton 
at  a  meal  ;  lint  this  was  done  for  a  wager  ;  and 
Governor  .Simp.son  witnessed  the  feat  of  3ti  avoirdu- 
pois jxHiiids  of  heef  boiled,  and  18  pounds  of  melted 
butter,  being  swallowed  at  one  meal  by  two  Yakuts 
— one  old,  the  other  young. 

They  are  fond  of  going  to  law,  and  are  clever  in 
tri'de  and  commerce;  arecapitjil  shots,  and,  if  anything, 
too  peaceful.  The  women  are,  some  of  them,  prt'tty, 
and  invariably  better  looking  than  the  men.  They 
are  f<ind  of  finery,  make  exemplary  and  ohedient 
wives  ;  one  of  their  principal  social  cares  is  to  keep  their 
head  and  feet  covered  in  the  ]irc.sence  of  a  stranoer, 
and  never  to  take  the  right-hand  side  of  the  way.* 

broldiTed,  lis  wore  also  bis  cup  iind  (ihives.  The  porforiimnee,  if 
course,  began  by  smoking  a  pipe  ;  tjien,  taking  his  tuinliiimiiu.  ^ind 
liokMigu,  ur  tambourine  stick,  he  sculed  liiiiiself  iross-lcL'geil  iieur 
the  person  to  lie  exorcised,  and  Ih'guii  to  sing  u  doleful  dittv,  ue- 
compunied  by  iiioro  doleful  niusie  ;  the  iiii]iort  of  the*  song  leoiild 
not  gather.  After  tins  inlriiduction  he  begun  to  bop,  jump,  and 
fling  himself  iilmut,  roaring,  screaming,  and  mukiiig  Ihu  most 
hideous  distortions  of  face  Hiul  Ixnly,  so  tliul  I  netiiully  h<  liived  him 
to  Imj  uiad.  I  never  felt  more  pain  lor  any  one  than  1  lilt  for  this 
Sliuuiuii,  certainly  mueh  ii  ore  than  for  the  sick  |Krson,  on  whose 
behalf  bis  iiii'antutioiis  were  made.  After  this  violent  exercise, 
be  ilrcw  bis  knife,  and,  to  nil  appearance,  pluiiyetl  it  into  bis 
stoniiu'h.  I  really  felt  alarmed,  lielieviiig  he  hud  uetiially  com- 
iiiitted  juieiih' ;  he,  however,  drew  buck  the  knife  in  my  pro- 
seiice,  witliout  any  elfiision  of  blood,  and,  indeed,  without  any 
uetuiil  incision  liaving  been  iniide.  He  then  foriniilly  iinnoniK-ed 
thiit  the  evil  spirit  would  not  triumph,  nrovided  the  piistomiiry 
sacrifiie  were  muile  of  a  f'ut  mute.  Tht  imrty  were  then  dis- 
missed with  an  invitation  to  come  to  the  iieil  duy's  feust  when 
the  mure  wus  to  lie  ciwiked. 

'  Captain  CiHlirane's  areount  of  tbes';  people,  amongst  whom 
be  lived  some  time,  is  slightly  diflennt.  '* 'I'hey  are  eviih-ntly." 
be  says,  "of 'I'lirlar  oriirin,  us  their  languiige  is  uiuhrstuod  by  tlie 
'ruriarsof  Kusun.  ('fliey  cnme  troin  tiie  i-oiintry  of  the  I'pper 
AiniMir,  and  drove  all  the  iintive  tribes  before  them.)  'I'lieir 
coinpleiion  is  of  a  light  copper  colour  ;  ihey  arc,  generally,  of  low 
sfulnre,  with  innre  regiilur  uiid  pleiising  *i'atnres  limn  the  Tnii- 
giiM'B;  they  are  more  bo-pifiible,  gooil-teni|M'red,  and  orderly,  but 
neither  so  bonest  nor  so  indeiHaident :  they  biive  n  servility,  a 
tiinieiic^'S,  nnd  a  want  of  elmrueter,  wliieli  iissimilutes  them,  in 
some  measure,  to  the  despiciible  Kamseliatdulcs.  'fhe  more  a 
Vukut  is  beaten,  the  more  ,ie  will  work  ;  touch  a  Tmiguhe,  and 
no  work  will  be  got  from  him.  The  Ynknti  iirev<r\  ingenious, 
nnd  excellent  meibunics  ;  they  make  their  own  kniies,  guns, 
kettles,  and  various  iron  utensils." 

"  In  Mr.  Shiijur's  house,"  says  (lovcriior  Simpson,  "  I  suw  some 
works  of  the  Ynknti,  in  iron  and  silver,  very  skilfully  tinished. 
The  silver  bud  lH*eii  obtained  from  n  nioniitniii  to  the  north  of 
Vukutsk,  the  ore  containinir  seventy  percent,  of  lend,  uiiil  lour  of 
the  preiions  luetnl.  'fhe  iron,  ns  I  underititnd.  w  us  foil  d  between 
Nnrjirka  and  the  Alesni  ;  and  t  was  assured  tliut  the  tools  made 
of  it,  whether  from  the  excellence  of  the  muteriul  or  from  the 
ingenuity  of  the  workman,  rarely  broke,  even  in  the  84'verest  c*ild, 
— a  degree  ot  jK'rtection  never  yet  exbihitrtl.  in  IIiuUoh's  Itay,  by 
uxlb  1 1   \\m  best  tempei.     'I'bese  Vakuti  are  exiicrt  in  iimny  other 


li  ^1  < 


!l  ji 


ill  1 1 


I 


YAKUT  SHAMANS,  OR  UKMON  DlSPKl.t.KRS. 


ICIAL  TRAVELLING. -RUSSIA  IN  ASIA. 


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Ir.Viiii' 


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FROM   ASIA   TO   AMERICA. 


Havino  crniti'il  Yiikiitsk  us  ii  fixed  station  iind 
ccntro,  fVoiii  wliieli  tci  tr.nk  their  wuy  on  t<iwaril-i 
the  iniieli-Hoiijilit-after  Kastern  Ocean,  tlie  C'os«,iek>- 
made  tlieir  way  across  tlie  country,  anil  readied  llie 
shores  of  tlie  Sea  o(  Okliotsk  ;  at  the  toji  of  tlie  liay 
o(  which,  at  tlie  mouth  of  the  river,  tliey  founded  a 
town  and  fort  of  that  iiaiui',  su)i|iosiii}r  that  they  could 
advance  no  further,  ami  iijnoraiit  that  th  y  had  but  to 
cross  the  hay  to  reai  li  tlic>  reiiinsula  of  Kamsehatka  — 
that  (i|i|iosite  to  them  lay  the  vast  coutiueiit  of  the  Xew 
AN'orld  ;  that  close  on  tlie  rijjlit  wa.s  the  fahled  realm  of 
Japan,  and  still  farther  on,  the  long  sought  lifter  China 
and  ('iitliay. 

Kamsehatka  was  not  discovered  from  Okhotsk — the 
iicarust  ]ioiiit  to  it.     It  was  reached  landwards. 


nrts,  l)i'siiti'<  till"  ivorliiiii;  (if  nH'tiiU.  In  |iri'|i:u'iiiir  tlicir  :'io(l,  fur 
instuiicc,  iiir-iinsl  tlif  wintiT,  \hv\  far  ^Mr|)l!4S  tliu  Indians  nt 
Nortli  .\iu!Tii'n,  ri'tuli'rimr,  in  piirticni.ir.  tlicir  dried  incut  and 
drifd  tisli  niiiri'  juii'V  and  tcndi  r,  tiy  lir<t  dipping,'  tliom  in  liniic: 
tliom^h,  rif'iT  all,  there  iri  nn  lrn\*elliii^  Cure  in  "^dieria  to  Ik'  cian- 
)iared  witli  peininican,  wlictlier  t"r  its  small  Imll;  or  its  iintritidiH 
ipialiiies.  I'liey  arc  ]>atient  under  fatigue,  and  can  resist  jjreat 
privatiiMH.  Tliey  are,  liki'  tlic  'rnn;;nses,  ^^rcat  ^^luttens,  lait 
sultsist  iniistlv  npim  lierse-tlcHli — a  mare  hein^  considered  by  tlieni 
.IS  tlie  irrealest  delieai-y,  Init  never  slanuditcreil  t^xcejit  in  saiTitiee 
ton  .Sliaiiian.  'I'iie  horse  is  to  the  Vakici  what  the  wiilrns  is  to 
the  .Meiitinns,  their  hi'.st  frienil  in  a  jtrcat  vurlity  of  wayn.  lie- 
>ides  heinir  sold  as  a  whole  for  a  pru'e,  his  lahoiir  ciiriis  iiioliey  tor 
his  owner  j  his  th-sli  is  used  ii.s  foisl ;  the  hide  of  the  inner  part  ot 
his  thi^li  makes  waterproof  hoots;  while  the  rest  of  his  skin  is 
formed  into  cap,  shirt,  and  trousers;  and  lastly,  his  inaiie  and 
tail  hei'oine  the  means  ot'  drawinj;^  tisli  out  of  the  wale .  Ovei 
and  ahove  tliesi-,  tlu'  mare  yielils  milk,  whidi,  when  i.  i  inented 
to  the  iTidis]iensa1)lc  koiiiyss,  supplies  a  portahlo  sohstitntc, 
sliL'lilly  spirit nons  and  very  palatalde,  at  laiee  for  iiicat  and 
drink."  Their  riches  consist  in  larj^e  herds  of  horses  and  horiieil 
cattle,  hesides  all  alaiiidancc  of  the  tinest  and  most  vahiahle  furs. 
Tlii'y  also  carry  on  a  consiilendile  traili^  amoiiij  themselves,  and 
Home  oj  their  iirinees  are  iiiimcnsrly  rich,  doini;  hiisiness  to  the 
extent  of  15(1.000  ronhles  a  year,  and  yi't  In  in,'  in  the  same 
misery  as  tlieir  servants,  slcepiii;;  in  the  same  apartment,  whieli, 
pi'rliaps,  contains  firty  or  lifly  people.  Their  dress  dillcrs  little 
Ironi  that  of  the  iiei^^hh  mriiii;  trihes,  h  iiig  made  of  reindeer- 
skins  for  the  rich,  and  horses'  hides  tortile  pivirer  classes ;  tlieir 
irreatest  luxuries  are  t'-a,toliaceo,  and  spirits,  'flicy  sit  crossde_'<^ed. 
The  Unssiaii  cl,'r'.;ytncii  deliver  their  discourses  in  the  VaKiiti 
dialect,  wliieli  is  used  for  private  conversation,  and  is  fashionahle 
111  Yakutsk.  The  people  are  carelnlly  oliservaiit  of  relitfiiiiis  cere- 
monies,  attend  tlie  sacraments  of  the  church,  and  studiously  sav 
their  prayers  ic^ht  ami  u'ornin;;.  'I'licir  yurts  are  eomt'ortahle, 
mill  upon  the  arrival  of  ii  ^iiest  are  made  us  clean  as  dean  straw 
Clin  make  them  ;  in  other  re-jH'ct^  they  are  disixustiiiiT  enough, 
beiiiij  hut  too  frequently  tilled  with  veniiin.  'I'liese  yurts, 
•.iiiliki' the  iiiaMed  leiits  ot  the  other  waiid.-iing  fartar  tnhes, 
consist  ot  one  larjje  apartment,  and  a  corndiouse  adjuiiiin^.  The 
mode  of  constnietiiif;  ilii-ir  dwelliiiirs  is  as  follows: — nine  jiosts 
.ire  driven  into  the  ground  in  th"  form  of  a  sipiare,  the  three  in 
centre  b.'iiig  liighcr  than  the  others;  on  tliu.so  |M)stii  tliey  lay 
tliree  heaiiis,  while  the  tour  corner-|H)st8  are  connected  by  two 
other  eross-heatiis.  8toiit  planks  are  then  placed  sloping  from  the 
earth  to  the  hori/ontid  beams,  to  which  they  are  fastened,  while 
other  planks  are  also  laid  .shiping  from  the  iipi«'r  part  of  the  niof 
to  the  iidc'posts,  overlapping  the  others,  (irass,  nioiitd,  and 
dung  are  then  pliistered  over  tliein  in  Hun  of  calking,  and  the 
walls  are  b.iiikeil  up  w  ith  the  saiiie  materials,  fenced  in  during  the 
winter.  The  heiit  in  the  yurts  is  preserved  by  iiieain  of  the 
3now,  which  twcoines  Imnlcned  to  mich  a  degree  its  to  resist  the 
ftre  and  amcke  trom  the  chimnoy ;  blocks  of  ice  are  placed  in  the 


Starting  from  Yakutsk  on  the  Lower  r,ennl  (sootlon 
s|ioken  of,  and  always  an  iui|iortiint  ]ilaee  as  the 
iiiitral  stage  of  eumiuiiiiieatioii  with  the  I'acitie — am' 
so  with  the  Kast,  an  oliject  never  lost  sight  of),  the 
t.!o.ssaeks  piissed  in  sueeessioii  all  the  more  easterlv 
feeders  of  the  I'olar  .Sea,  ascended  the  (ireater  Aiiiiiij 
an  luixiliary  of  the  Kolinia,  to  the  height  ol  hnnl. 
descended  the  Anadyii  to  the  Kastern  Ocean,  ami 
siil)sei|ue]itly  overran  Kamsehatka,  .s|ieiidiiig  on  tlii^ 
long  and  circuitous  journey,  as  if  to  .show  that  the 
necj'.ssities  of  natiii'e  had  more  to  <lo  in  the  matin 
than  the  caprices  of  men,  the  lives  of  two  geiieri 
tions  In  another  ]ieriod  of  nearly  the  .same  leiiL;ili 
they  grasped  link  after  link  of  the  interinediate  cli.iin, 
ferrying  themselves,  as  it  were,  across  the  J'acillr 
merely  liy  uiikitig  a  long  arm,  till  at  last,  in  Ki^.i, 
they  carried  their  fortunes  to  the  farthest  end  of  the 
line,  liy  planting  a  se'Memeiit  on  the  Island  of  Ko- 
diak.  'i'lie  Co.s.sacks  thus  worked  to  the  left  of  Okhotsk, 
supposing  a  man  to  stand  with  his  face  tow, arils  the 
I'acilie  ;  and  it  was  in  the  coniitry  of  tl,o  Kolima 
that  they  first  liecaii:  acipiaintcd,  at  a  fair,  witli 
the  Tchuktchi,  a  (leuple  who  were  in  the  lialiit  of 
crossing  the  str;iits  lietwceii  Asia  and  America,  ami, 
indeed,  are  liy  many  supposed  '  to  lie  a  trilie  orij,'i 
nally  of  Ainericiiii  origin,  who    had    come    over  and 


sides  of  the  windows,  nn-l  give  a  dear  transparent  liglit ;  tbniigh 
sometimes  bladders  or  oiled  p.iper,  as  well  as  a  paitieular  s))eeies 
of  r.  fossil,  called  I'itrum  Riithenh'tim  Mtiritt,  glass  or  talc,  serve 
for  the  same.  Three  sides  of  the  interior  are  divided  iiilo  parti- 
lions,  two  or  three  living  ill  each,  aeeordiiig  t»  the  size  of  the 
laiiiily,  and  are  used  as  lied-plaies;  they  are  three  or  four  feet 
^vide.  and  ten  long.  In  the  centre  is  the  hearth  and  ehimney 
I'ormed  by  upright  sticks,  fasieneil  on  the  inside.  The  wood  is 
placed  in  an  upright  direction  on  the  heartli,  and  the  tire  is  kept 
up  constantly  night  and  day.  T'lie  state  apiirtiiiciit,aiid  of  course 
that  occupied  l)y  the  chief  guests,  is  the  furtliest  trom  the  ihior, 
and  immediately  under  the  image  of  the  patron  siint.  the 
kitchen  utensils  are  not  mimenais;  a  litree  iron-kettle,  a  boiler,  a 
large  tea-kettle,  and  a  few  wooden  Isiwls  ami  s[iihiiis  (of  Cbiiii-se 
maiiuliictiire),  with  still  fewer  earthen  jars,  and  a  kiiil'e  for  each 
|H'rsoii,  constitute  the  w  liole.  The  richer  Yakut  may  have  a 
saincvan,  or  tea-uru,  and  perhaps,  in  such  cases,  a  tea-isit  also, 
but  ill  general  the  tea  is  made  in  tlie  kettle.  They  use  no  jihites, 
but  taking  a  large  piece  of  beef  in  their  lelt  band,  they  secure  it 
with  their  teeth,  ami  then  cut  away  as-  niueh  with  the  right  a^- 
will  till  the  mouth  ;  some  warm  melted  butter  tinishes  the  repast, 
when  the  pi|ie  and  tobacco  come  in  as  a  dessert. 

'  The  L'lia  is  one  of  the  grandest  rivers  in  the  world.  Even 
at  the  city  of  Vaknisk,  a  distance  of  1,21X)  or  I,;i00verst8  from 
the  sea,  it  is  aliout  live  or  six  inih's  « iile  ;  and  its  entire  length  ia 
not  less  than  1,000  vei-sts.  Of  all  the  streams  in  this  country  of 
llie  first  class,  it  is  the  only  one  that  ilows  exclusively  through 
the  Kussian  territory.  'i"lie  t)lH'y  and  the  Vcnissei  have  each  one 
or  more  of  its  principal  sources  far  wiiliin  tlie  limits  of  ('himse 
'fartary  ;  but  the  liCna,  jiroiierly  so  called,  is  separated  trom  the 
Celestial  ICuipire  by  the  Valley  of  the  Angara,  a  purely  Siberian 
tributary  of  the  Y'enissei,  a  valley  which,  curiously  ciiongh,  even 
overlaps  it  ten  degrees  to  the  eastward,  while  the  Lena's  main 
auxiliary,  the  Vittoire,  is  so  tar  from  ilself  crossing  the  frontier 
that  it  is  robbed,  as  it  were,  of  some  of  its  own  waters  by  tlia 
more  northerly  t'ciilers  of  the  Aiufsir  I'lider  these  circiinistaiici*a, 
the  I,eiia,  if  estimated  by  the  crow's  lligbt,  is  undnulitedly  tlie 
shortest  of  the  tlireti.  Its  very  name,  wliicli  utpieMcii  luiiiMH, 
iinpliea  the  circuitous  character  of  its  course. 


SM 


ALL  ROUND  THR  WORLO. 


M^ 


'•'■>■'. 


I    I- 


' '  ^  ;ij^;i  ii 


|ic'ii|ilo(l  tlie  priimontDrv  fnun  tin-  (liilf  of  Aimilyn  to 
Kist  (,'ii|i(>.  This  .siiif,'iiliir  liii't  rt'iidiTs  niicIi  iiiforiiiu- 
tiiMi  !is  w«  fail  pnnMiro  of  tim  Kiiir  of  Ostroiiiijfii, 
wlii'i'i-  lli<-  |ii'ii|ili'  of  AhIii  uiitl  Aiiu'riua  (irat  iiiut,  butli 
curi'XiM  mill  viilimli)t>, 

'I'Imi  iiriijiiiiil  roiito  of  tlii'  CossnokM,  of  wliioh  wo 
liavoiilrriiily  s|iiik('ii,  wiis  folliiwi'il  liy  ('ii|>tniii  ('oclillilio, 
wliii  w.isilr^imn.-i  to  gi't  tikt'ii  over  I5fliriiij{'s  StniitM 
by  thti  'rrliiiklrlii.  On  tins  -Itli  of  Maivli  liti  loft  tliii 
Koliiiia.in  ('iiinp my  willi  Mr.  Matoiisliiii,  a  KiKsiaii  mid- 
sliipiiiin,  iiikI  II  fi'W  niri'rluiiits,  wliosti  iiiirti's  (sluil^jjus) 
wi'if  kiilcii  with  tiiliaccoiiiiil  iron  iiloiisils.  After  varioiiM 
iK'lay.s  II ml  \i|isrtM  tlii'V  onti'rt'd  u|iou  a  iniiri-  i-lovati-il 
I'lMiutry,  anil  wi  ro  rlii'iToil  with  iiii't'ting  ami  nvi'rtiik- 
iiii;  a  f,'riMt  miiiilifr  of  sh'.ljji's,  whjisc  owners  (■xliibited 
the  same  siiiiliii;{  faivs,  thi?  rosult,  iiodniibt,  of  ao  saii- 
j,'iiiiie  hiipi'fi  as  thosi'  of  liu'  great  iiierclmiits  of  l/iridoii 
nr  Aiii.stcii|:iiii  nil  the  evo  or  ex|ie<'tiitioii  of  ngreat  fair. 
The  rii;lit  liiiik  of  the  AiiiiiiJ  is  formed  of  slato  moun- 
tains;  the  left,  a  va.st  uninteresting  flat.' 

The  third  day  the  travellers  reached  an  inhabited 
ynrt,  where  many  of  the  mereliaiits  awaited  thein,  as 
thev  eoiild  not  go  to  the  fair  beforo  a  certain  time. 
The  wood  on  the  Aninij  is  of  considerable  growlli  for  so 
northern  a  situation,  but  tlus  root  has  seldom  more 
than  twenty  inches  depth.  On  the  f<tli  of  .March  they 
ri'ailied  the  forlress,  standing  on  a  romantic  spot,  and 
piub.dply  a  pleas;int  place  in  summer.  There  are 
twenty  yiirts,  about  L'lM)  penplo,  and  a  large  wooden 
building,  lit  for  anything  I'xcept  defence.  There  are 
few  inhaliitants,  who  get  a  scanty  subsistence  by  hunt- 
ing. KaiiiiiHS  are  of  freipnnt  occurrence,  bread  not 
being  siippliid  by  the  (iovernmeiit.  KIk,  rein-deer, 
niid  argali  ale  their  chief  dependence  ;  but  these  are  no 
loiiiTir  alpiind.int,  for  the  UiissiaiLS  hunt  rather  to  ex- 
terminate than  fur  subsistence. 

Having  settled  themselves  in  a  .small  Yukagir  yurt, 
the  jiarty  received  a  visit  from  one  of  the  Tchuktchi, 
an  empty  visagcd  and  wild-looking  tuivage.  Jle  en- 
tered the  room,  tumbled  down  upon  a  stool,  smoked 
his  pijie,  and  then  left  the  apartment,  without  noticing 
the  inmalfs.  The  fair  commenced  by  installing  the 
chiefs  with  medals  and  swords,  baptising  thcni,  and 
receiving  a  nominal  tribute,  by  which  they  became 
subjects  of  Itussia.  They  came  in  stjito  in  iH'uutifiil 
narte.s,  each  drawn  by  two  rein-deer,  the  whole  forming 
a  cavalcade  of  twenty-live  or  thirty  pairs.  The  cere- 
mony coninieneeil  with  a  |ire.sent  of  tobacco,  and  then 
all  the  Toions,  or  chiefs,  ]irocecdcd  to  the  ( V)nimi.s,s;iry's 
abode,  where  the  formality  of  jiayiug  the  trilmte  of 
a  red  fo.v  skin  w.isgone  through  by  each  of  the  traders. 
Tlie  C''imniis.saiy  then  endeavoured  to  induce  the 
'J'chuktchi  chiefs  to  take  M.  Matoushin  and  Captain 
♦  'oclirane  as  iuterpreters  with  theiu  acro.ss  Behring's 
Straits. 


'  Tlip  (loscomliinta  of  the  Yukiipri  iiiliiibit  tlie  liaiiks  of  the  two 
rivi?rs,  Aninij,  aiid  servo  us  a  nciitr^it  nut  ion  lietwot'n  the  Kussiaiis 
iinil  'rcliiiktclii.  'I'lu-y  were  forim'ri\'  a  foniiidablti  iinil  wiirliku 
pf'ipli',  anil  it  cost  tiie  Uus«iiaiis  uitu?li  trouble  to  subjti^iite  tlietii. 
InclL'id,  ill  8111  li  tear  win!  tin  y  lielil.  iliat  the  Kiiiiiri'sa  Catlii'rine 
tilisuliiti'Iy  fiirliaile  tlii'ip  l;ui:;ua:rc  to  Ije  H[)ok(Mi.  Tliey  are  now 
all  lait  ixtiiict,  HI  II  pari'  rare,  but  olio  oM  woiniin  existliif;  wlmse 
parents  wire  Imtli  Yukairiri's.  The  remaimler  are,  in  fact,  ile- 
Eceiiilant.s  of  Rii.'wlans,  who  liiive  iiiterinurrie<l  with  them.  They 
lire  iiTlainly  the  finest  race  of  people  ill  SlUriaj  the  iiien  well- 
prop  TliuiiiHl,  anil  with  ojien  Biul  ma:  ly  rouiiteiiano'8  ;  the  women 
Rre  eitruiuely  bvautifuL  What  their  ori^^m  wiu  it  in  uuw  dilUeult 
to  say. 


"  After  this  cheering  hamngno  was  ocmclnded," 
stiys  CaptJiin  (Jochrane,  "  oiii'  of  the  most  respectable 
of  the  Tchuktchi  ro.se  and  said,  that  he  was  in  want 
of  no  interpreter.  His  laconic  reply  eoiiiplctely  dis- 
concerted us.  The  next,  an  old  and  eiiiining  fellow, 
called  Kueharga,  said  that  boys  and  girls  should  not 
be  attended  to  in  smli  matters.  He  had  not  askid 
for  an  interpreter,  although  a  nephew  of  his  had  done 
MO."  They  were  told  that  "  two  n  irtes  could  be  of  no 
great  conseipience  to  them,  and  that  lus  the  Knipeior 
wished  it,"  ite.  After  a  fresh  consultation  they  re- 
solved, that  as  the  iMiioeior  himself  wished  to  send 
the  interpri.'ters  to  lieiiring's  Straits,  lie  would  have 
no  olijection  to  pay  for  their  transport;'  and  for 
this  they  demanded  about  ."i.OIHI  Ib.s.  weight  of  tobacco. 
This  put  an  end  to  the  negotiation,  especially,  as  oni'  of 
the  knowing  ones,  observing  that  Captain  Cochiiiiie 
eoiilil  not.  sp'ak  the  Kiissian  langnagi'  asked  of  what 
use  he  could  be  to  them  w  lieii  he  neither  nndeistood 
the  liiissian  nor  the  Tihiiklch;  languages.  >iext  day 
the  piirty  visited  the  Tchuktchi  camp,  of  three  large  and 
threesniall  teiils,  in  win 'li  all  this  people  were  packed. 
The  large  tents  were  di.sgiiNliiii;ly  dirty  and  oIl'cnsiM', 
exhibiting  every  species  of  giossiiess  and  indelicacy. 
The  smaller  were,  oiitlie  coiilrary,  very  neat,  clean,  and 
warm,  although  wilhoiit  a  lire,  in  thirty-live  degrees  of 
frost,  being  only  eight  feet  long,  live  broad,  and  about 
three  feet  high,  and  containing  three  or  four  people 
huddled  togeihcrin  one  bed,  which  is  made  of  rein- 
deer skins,  and  the  coxerings  lined  with  white  foxes'. 
The  small  teiils  are  made  also  of  the  old  and  hud 
skins  doiiidi  d,  .so  that  the  hair  is  both  on  the  iiisiile 
and  out ;  a  large  huiip  with  whale  oil  or  fat,  which 
serves  them  lor  a  liu'bt,  coniniiinicalcs  al.-o  eoiisider- 
able  waruilh.  ( In  eiileiing  they  foiiiid  the  chief  and 
bis  wife  perfectly  naked,  as  w.is  alsn  their  daughter, 
a  little  girl  of  about  nine  years,  who  went  out,  and 
by  a  tire  close  to  the  tent  jiiepared  .some  rein  deer 
ilesh  in  that  stale  of  nudity.  'i'lieir  furniture  con- 
sists of  a  large  kettle,  knife,  wooden  bowl.s,  jilatters, 
spoons  or  hiilles,  and  an  axe,  with  Hint  and  steel. 
They  returned  to  the  fortress,  driven  by  one  of  these 
savage  chiefs  "in  a  neat  narte,  drawn  by  ii  couple  of 
reindeer,  in  a  pretty  htyle"  They  use  regular  reins, 
made  of  leather  thongs,  and  a  long  springing  cane  with 
an  ivory  nob  to  it,  of  the  tooth  of  a  sea  horse.  They 
are  kind  to  animals,  and  will  not  ride  a  horse,  euii- 
sidcring  it  unmanly,  to  iiicrea.se  the  labour  of  tlin 
animal.  They  soon  ascertain  the  ipiaiitity  of  tobacco 
brought  by  the  Uiissian  traders  to  the  fair,  and  regu- 
late their  dealings  accordingly.  Fixing  a  market 
)irice,  neither  party  will  receile  from  it:  the  Russians 
brought  tobacco,  kettles,  knifes,  spears,  needles,  bells, 
sei.s,sors,  |ii|)es,  axes,  spoons,  coral  biads,  and  other  siwh 
ornaments,  a  few  pieces,  and  red  and  blue  nankeen 
and  white  cotton.  For  these  the  Tchuktchi  brought 
400  or  .0(10  sea  horse  teeth,  a  few  bears'  skins,  rein- 
di'cr  dre.s.ses,  and  white  foxes,  and  tlie.se,  with  some 
frozen  rein-deer  meat,  make  the  vvliole  )irodiiction  of 
their  own  country.  l?iit  now  comes  the  connection  be- 
tween Asia  and  .America,  for  the  other  articles  of  jiehry 
at  this  fair  come  from  a  nation  un  the  American  coil" 
tinent,  e  died  the  Karganles,  two  of  whom  the  Jiarty 
saw  at  the  f  lir.  They  bear  more  nearly  the  feature 
of  the  Tchuktchi  than  those  of  the  ugly-mouthed  in- 
habitants of  the  islands  in  lieiiring's  Strait.s,  although 
with  a  browner  or  more  dirty  colour.  The  furs  brought 
and  sent  by  them  cuusiat  of  many  thuusuuds  of  black, 


VAMCOUVEtl  ISLAND. 


m 


hrown,  liliii',  r>'il,  uml  wliilo  fnxrs,  miirtciH,  ami  iimrtni 
iiiirks,  Hiiiiiii  bnavcrH,  riviT  otti'is,  Ipcuih,  wolvcn,  sou- 
diijjs'  iiikI  Hc'ii  liiirsi!  Nkiiis;  ii  I'rw  inticlcH  of  wiiriii 
clcitliiii;;,  iuiil  wiiiii'  iiriiiuiii  iits  I'liivcd  out  ol'  kcii- 
liiii'si!  ti'L'tli,  rr|)i-i'si'iitiiig  till'  aiiiiiials  t'diiiiiion  iiiiiuiig 
thrill. 

At  HdiiK-  |MiiiitM  l!i'liiiiij,''M  Straitt  aid  mily  forty  livo 
mill's  ill  wiiilU,  with  a  rliain  i>l'  isliiiiils,  llkr  so  iiiiiiiy 
sti'|i|iiiif;  stiiiii'S,  i'.\ti'iiiliiij{  tVniii  shiirt^  to  hIioii',  tin' 
lal■J^l'^t  tiavi'i-SH  not  liriiij;  iiiori!  than  .si'Vrli  luilrs  ;  so 
(hat  the  navifjation  is  jiraitiralilo  cvin  lor  small  canoes. 
In  tlin  ni'iii-nil  aiipraraiiri!  of  tlio  two  coasts,  thcio  is 
a  inaikcil  iliircri'iii't',  thu  western  siilo  heiiin  low,  ll,i;, 
anil  sterile,  while  the  easti'iii  is  well  wooiliil,  unil  in 
every  res|)eet  hetter  aila|iteil  than  the  other  for  the  siis- 
tenaiice  lioth  of  mail  ami  lieast.  Moreover,  the  soil 
anil  I'liiiiate  imiirovi)  ra|iiilly  <>n  the  American  shore,  as 
one  cje-ici'iiils  ;  anil  at  Cook's  Inlet  potatoes  may  he 
rai^'il  with  ciuso,  thon^'h  they  hanlly  ripen  in  any  part 
of  K  iiM-chatka,  which  extemls  nearly  ti'li  (le;;rees 
farllii'i'  III  till!  soiilli.  [ii  aihlilion  to  the  ailvantai^'i's  of 
cultivation,  ileer,  fish,  name,  ami  hay,  are  almmlant. 
Ill  the  ni'ii{liiionrliiii>il,  in  an  isliml  near  Kmliak,  there 
is  piciitv  of  gooil  coal,  iwi'il  liotli  for  the  hearth  anil 
fop'e,  tlioimh  it  is  olijectionalile  for  the  latter  iiiirpuse, 
as  proiliiciii^  too  jji-eat  a  ipiaiitily  of  a>hi's. 

Ill  point  of  I'liniate,  in  jjemral,  thiie  is  ivnrly  the 
Hame  ilillireiieo  hetweeu  the  western  shore  of  America 
ami  the  eastern  shore  of  Asia,  as  theie  is  lietwei  ii  the  i 
western  shore  of  Kiirope  ami  the  eastern  shore  of  I 
America.  In  liotli  ca.ses,  the  same  cause  exists  to  pro- 
iliice  the  Millie  etiirt.  Ill  the  ti'lii|H'rate  latitudes  the 
prevailing;  winil  is  from  the  we.-t,  lieiiij;  a  kiml  of 
I'oiintir  current  to  the  easterly  trailes  of  the  tropics  ; 
iiml  with  reference  to  this  physical  fact,  the  hewaril 
coist  of  either  coiitineut   must  be  colder,  at  least  in 


winter.  Ihini  the  windward  one,  inaHiniich  na  the  former 
receive*  its  atmosphere  across  an  enormous  /one  of 
fro/en  soil,  and  the  hitter  across  a  eonsiili  ralile  hreudth 
of  open  Water.  Hut,  in  aililition  to  this  common 
grotiml  uf  superiority,  ii  great  part  of  Kussiaii  Ame- 
rica jiiLsscsses  un  ailvaiilane  peculiar  to  itself,  in  heinjj 
sheltered  from  the  northerly  j;ali's.  licckoniiifj  iip- 
wiirilsfrom  MniintSt.  Klias,  oreMii  from  Cross  t^oiiml, 
the  more  southerly  halt  of  the  coast,  coniprisiii},',  of 
course.  Cook's  Inlet  already  mentioned,  runs  pretty 
nearly  east  and  west,  scieincd  towards  the  interior, 
within  a  very  sholt  ilistaiico  of  the  sea,  hy  a  wall  of 
mountains.  To  place  in  the  most  strikinj,'  li;;ht  tlio 
contra.-t  in  |ioiiit  of  climate  lietwein  the  oppo.-ile 
shores  of  each  continent,  Kamsihatka  and  the  l!riti>li 
Isles  may  he  said,  with  siiHicieiit  aci  iiiacy  for  this 
)airpose,  to  he  in  the  same  latitudes,  and  to  jucsent 
the  same  ana,  and  even  to  oiiiipy  the  same  position, 
with  n  s]ieit  to  the  proximity  of  water  ;  ami  \ct  while 
the  Hritish  Isles,  from  their  own  a^iicultuial  nsouiccs, 
feed  at  least  twenty  live  niillions  of  inhahitaiits,  Kams- 
chatka,  with  the  help  of  e.xtrani'oussnpplics,  cm  I  arcly 
prevent  its  popuhition  from  starving;.  "  How  ilillinnl," 
.says  (iovenmr  Simpson,  "would  the  history  of  men 
have  been,  if  I'roviileiice  had  made  these  two  exlre- 
mitiea  of  thoOhl  World  exchaiifre  climates,  merely  by 
cinisinn  the  tropical  trades  to  blow  from  the  west, 
and  the  counter-cuircnts  of  the  teiiiperato  Zone  to  blow 
Iroin  the  east  ;"  or,  to  express  the  same  tiling  in  other 
words,  merely  by  reversing  the  direction  of  the  earthV 
daily  revolutiiui  ! 

NVe  will  now,  in  imai,'inatiiin,  cross  upon  these  yiaiit 
stepjiing  stones  to  the  other  side  of  the  I'aeilic.  wlicro 
we  shall  Iiml  another  Siberia,  under  the  u'ovcrnment, 
I'Ut,  until  within  the  last  few  yours,  by  no  meaus  under 
thu  care  uf  Uruut  (iritaiu. 


lire  eon- 
platters, 
id     steel. 
of  tlieso 
couple  of 
lar  reins, 
alie  w  ith 
'.     They 
l-sc,    COll- 
of    tha 
tobacco 
ml   ri!,'u- 
inarket 
Kussiaiis 
s,  bells, 
(lersueli 
naiiki'i'ii 
bi'oui,dit 
ns,   reiu- 
ith  .somo 
letion  of 
ctiou  bo- 
ifjiohry 
can  con- 
10   jMirty 
feature 
thed  in- 
Ithoiigh 
brought 
f  black, 


YANCOUYER   ISLAND. 


Vancoi'vku  Tsi..\nd,  upon  which  the  new  city  of 
Victoria  .stands,  does  not  belong  ollicially  to  I'.ritish 
Ciilumbia,  but  it  does  so,  to  all  intents  and  laiqioses, 
ooliticilly  and  .socially  This  line  island,  270  miles 
Inii;;,  with  a  general  breadth  of  fiom  forty  to  fifty 
miles  i  liiviiiiiable  climate,  a  diversitied  .surface,  with 
,1  lertile  soil,  and  mineral  as  well  as  vi';;etable  riches, 
added  to  ail  avaihible  .seaboard,  has  niiiloiibteilly  a  great 
I'lilure  in  store.  The  position  and  natural  advantages 
if  \  .incouver  Island,  say.s  (.'olouel  Coli|uhouii  tJiaiit, 
vnuli!  appear  eminently  to  adapt  it  for  being  the  em- 
porium of  ail  extended  commerce.  It  contains  valu- 
abk'  coaMields,  and  i.s  covered  with  fine  timber.  The 
•soil,  where  there  is  any,  is  rich  and  productive,  the! 
clim.ite  good,  and  the  singular  system  of  inl.ind  seas  by 
which  it  is  environed  teems  with  fish  of  every  descrip- 
tion. Capable  of  producing  those  very  articles  which 
are  most  in  demand  in  neighbouring  countries,  and 
oHerin",  in  its  numerous  s:ite  and  commodious  har- 
bours, almost  unrivalled  facilities  for  importand  export, 
it  wotJii  bueiu  to   require    but  u  little  well-directed 


exertion  of  energy  and  enterprise  to  make  it  the  seat 
of  a  llouriahing  eoKmy. 

The  aspect  from  the  seaward  is  not  very  iii\itiiig 
Dark  frowning  dill's  sternly  repel  the  foaming  sea.  and 
beyond  these,  wooded  hills,  densely  covered  with  fir, 
rise  one  above  the  other,  whilst  still  more  in  the  in- 
terior, bare  inonntains  of  gneiss,  mica-slate,  and  tra]), 
run,  almost  without  intermission,  like  a  back-boiie 
down  the  centre  of  the  island  There  i.s,  however,  no 
want  of  timber  and  of  o|ien  land  aiiiidst  this  extent  of 
rock  and  in  nintain,  and  all  authorities  agree  in  saying 
that  had  the  I'lriti.sh  tJovernment  throwu  the  :  land 
open  to  exertions  of  individnal  enteipn.-e,  the  greater 
portion  ot  such  open  land  would  doubtlos,  ere  this, 
iiave  been  suttled.  There  i.-i  naturally  a  gnat  dillereiice 
III  the  capabilities  of  the  .soil,  acconling  as  gneis.s,  uiica- 
shite,  clay-slate,  gray  marble,  tniji,  samUtoiies,  or 
limestones,  the  chief  formations  of  tlio  country,  pre- 
vail. 

It    is   natural     that    the    tniveller   shoiili'.   love  to 
de.sceud  from  this  wild  uud  rugged  interior.  wliiuL  ha 


i,i 


i!' 


■' 


ir  I 


1M 


ALL  ROUND  TOR  WORLD. 


luNi'i'l II  iiili'i|iiiiti'ly    ri(|iliiri'(l,  tn  tlii>  Hiiiiliii);  straits 

wliii'li  inv  iiri'.niiiimlly  In  In'  iiicl  willinii  tin'  sen  ruiist, 
anil  iri  niin  nt'wliii'li  Virlnriii  is  sitmitcil.  This  x'tllc 
liiciit  Wiis  I'liiiinli'il  liy  till'  lliiilsiiii's  It.ty  C/'iiiii|iiiiiy  in 
IMI.'I,  wlii'ii  lliry  liiiiiji''!  iilnMit  flirty  iiini  iiiiiicr  .Mr  Kin 
InyHiiii,  mill  in  u  sliort  tiuu'  iiiiistriii'tril  a  |iii'ki'ti'i| 
piirliisMri',  i'iiiit;iiiiiii'^'  the  Imililin^'s  nsii.illy  ii|i|irii|iri;ili'i| 

liy  till' ('.iiii|iiiiy  til    till'    stiiriiiij;   I'l'  i; Is   iiml    tn  tlir 

111 iiiiii'Hliiti'iii  iil'tlii'ir  Mi'ivanls,    Ah  sunn  as  lln'V  liinl 

tiiii-lii'cl  tlii'ir  liiiiMiiii{s.  tiny  (•ciniiiii'ini'il  liriiininn 
milll'i  nt,  lanil  iiinliT  riiltivatinii  tor  tin'  sii|i|Mirt  nf  tin- 
I'stalilisliiiii'iit.  N  I  iili'a  was  I'liliTtiiiiiril,  liinvi'Vi'r,  at 
thi'  liiiii',  lii'yninl  startin;;  .1  I'rcsli  trailiiiij  p'lrt  witli  tin' 
linliiins,  sn  tlin  I'staMislniirnt  rrinuiiinl  in  ntntn  i/ii'i 
tllitil  till'  yrar  IS  111,  wlirli  tlii'wlioli"  island  was  ^rantnl 
liy  (iiivcrniiii'iit  to  tlii'  (!iiiii|iany,  iiinlcr  I'Hiiilitiini 
tliat  tlii'V  sliiMilil  liavi'  I'stalilislii'il  satisl'u'tnry  si'tlli'- 
nirnts  uu  it  I'lr  tliu  •.iir|iiin(>  ut'  colonisatinn  within  livi' 
yniirN. 

St'ttliTsiii  Vanivinvor's  Islanil  liavi'  to  pay  nt  tliunUo 
ofono  jionnil  jinr  acre,  ami  tint  .soil  |iroiliii'c.s  cyitIIi'IiI 
oro|isor  whrat,  harlcy,  oats,  |n',is,  Iiimiis,  turni|is  (Swcili's 
('s|ii'(ially  ilo  will),  a  III  I  |iotatiir.s.  [1  all  aralih'  port  ions 
(if  tin'  islainl  tin'  lainl  is  fivoiiralilt  lo  tin;  proiluction 
of  jjrct'u  irops  .f  I'viTv  ilt'si'ri|ition  ;  vi'i^utables  also 
grow  particularly  Well,  ami  I'si'iilunt  roota  of  all  sorts 
attain  n  ^jri'at  sizi'.  Thinliinato,  as  usual  on  tin?  coast 
of  till'  I'a.ilir,  ililfcrs  niucli  from  that  of  tins  interior  of 
I!riti'<li  ( 'oliiniliia.  It  is  iliviili'd  into  two  moilsoih  oI 
iliy  ami  rainy,  m'tinriUy  raining;  ami  snowing  from 
().  tiilii'r  to  Manli,  whilst,  ilnriii;,'  tlin  rest  of  tlu'  year  a 
panliin^'  Inat  prrv.iils,  whii'li  ilrit's  up  all  tlio  siiiill 
Ktri'aiiis,  Iti'iisi  fiys  jirrvail  at  tlio  (•oinnii'iici'iiii'iit 
of  aiitMiiin,  Tlic  usual  ran^i"  of  tin'  llnrinomi'tor  is, 
howi'Vi'r,  iliirinij  tin'  hot  iiioiillis,  oiilv  from  tlO  to  SO 
tici;.,  anil  (  'oIoiu'I  ( Irant  says.  "  ( !ii,i'rally  spc  akinx,  tin- 
cliiiiatc  is  liotli  ai,'ri"i'al)lr  ami  Imaltliy,  .iml  not  a  single 
tU'atli,  til  it  I  am  aw;iri'  of,  lia.4  occurri'il  amoiii;  ailults 
fr  nil  ilisrase  iliirim;  tin-  .si.K  years  that  I  have  bt-tMi 
at'ipiaintnl  with  the  Islainl." 

Al'trr  Vii'toria,  the  next  settlement  of  im|)nrtance 
in  N'.iiiioiivir  l.slainl  is  Nanaiino,  where  eoal  or 
lignite  was  first  (liseovereil  in  l.^."iO.  It  is  now  suo- 
eessfiilly  worked  on  the  I'eninsula,  nt  Commereial 
Inlet,  and  on  Newcastle  Island.  It  is  the  opinion  of 
tlie  head  miner,  .says  (,'oloiiel  (Irant,  that  cod  ni  ly  lie 
found  iinywliere  within  n  circuiiiferenee  of  two  miles 
from  Xanaimo,  at  a  distance  .f  fifty  feet  lielow  the 
surface.  Alt<ii,'e',ln'r,  there  ar  fe'.v  places  to  lie  met 
wiili  where  coal  can  lie  worked  ,ui  easily,  and  iXportcd 
as  conveniently,  as  from  Naiiaiiiio.  Tlie  Indians  are 
happily  eiiijiloyed  at  tlic.;i  lucrative  works.  Nanaiino 
was,  tiefore  the  fjold  discoveries,  a  llourisliing  little 
settlement  with  almnt  1:.'.^  inhaliitant.s,  and  a  scin  ol 
|iresiiled  ovi-r  liy  .Mr.  n.iillie.  '"he  deinand  for  coal, 
.since  these  rival  companies  have  navigated  the  <!iilf  of 
(ieorgi.i  ami  Krazer's  I  liver,  must  have  ipiite  altered 
the  state  of  things.  There  in  good  .inchorige  all  over 
the  harlioiir,  which  is  commodiinis,  and  sheltered  from 
all  winds;  it  is  also  an  cvcelleiit  place  to  lay  up  and 
repair  ves.^ils,  the  liottom  lieing  generally  a  soft  mini. 
The  liai'lioiir  anil  I'oal  mines  of  Nanaiino  are  also,  it  is 
to  lie  oliserveil,  adniiralily  situated,  lieini^   nearly  oppo- 

.site  to  the  entrain t  Krazer's  liiver  on  the  mainland. 

Deer  must  alioiind  in  the  neighliourliood,  for  the 
natives  liring  sometimes  as  many  as  sixty  in  a  day  to 
market. 

The  diseoverv   of  coal  or  lignite  ut  the  uorth-eust 


1  corner  of  the  island  near  neaver  Harbour,   enusod    tlio 

'settlement    there  of    h'ort    Itiijiert   in    iSI'J;   Init   Iho 

I  produce  of  coal  has  been  rouiid    to    be    interrupted    by 

trap  rocks,    and    the    speciiLitioli     ll.ts     not     iinsweieij. 

There  are,  as  vd,  few  other  settleineiitH  on  the  island; 

j  the  places  most  favonralile  for  such  are  to  be  met  with 

only  on  the  east  and  .smith  coasl  ;  the  west  eoast  has  :i 

genemlly  I'Xposed,    uiil'avoili.ible    iis|H'ct,      The    Indian 

population  is  staled  at    17,111)11;   they   are,   in    general, 

tavoiirably  disposed  lowanls  the  whites,  ami    lire  capa 

ble  of  being  made  very  iisil'iil  in  hunting,    fishing,   uinl 

(^ven  agriciillur.il  and  niiiiiiig  employmeiit.s. 

Ill   the    iii'ighliourh I    lit    \'ictiiria    there   iiro   alto- 

getlier  about  .seven  .m|||  ire  miles  of   open  land,  on  which 
the  gnat  iiiajority  of  .settlers  arc  located  ;  iiinl,  liesidcs 
the  open  land,  there    may    be    about    ten    sipiart     miles 
of  availalile  woodland.       Vicloija  itself  is  situated  on  n 
small  but  well  sheltered  h.irboiir,    but   the   entrance    it 
I  intricate,  iind  the  liirboiir  is  mit  suitable  for  liirgi!  vis 
I  sels.      About  six   miles   westHiird    of    V'ictoriii   lies   the 
j  t'nture  harbour  of  the  nntropolis,    eallcd    Ksipiimalt,   a 
sale  and  coniimiilious    h  iriuiiii'    for    vessels  of  all  sizes, 
I  and  combining  the  advantage  of  suflieieiit  shelter  with 
I  that  of  an  open  eiiliiiice,    into    which  a   liiieof  buttle 
slii|>  might   beat   without   dilliciilty.      Jlr.    Cornwallis 
describes    I'lsipiiiiialt    ilarlioiir    as    pietiii'esi|nely    rock- 
bound,  very  minli  risenibling  Acipiilco   llarbonr,  .save 
in  its  superior  size,  and  having  six  to  eight   fatlioms  of 
vv. Iter  to  the  shore.      A Ithoiigli  distant  three    miles  by 
water  and    two    by    land    fVoiii    Victoria,   it    ought,    he 
adds,  decidedly  to  be    inclinled    in    that    town,    the   in- 
feriority of  whose  liarlioiir  in  point  of  size,   lis    well   a^ 
the  extent  of  bar  iiml  sli.illow  waters,   will    prevent    its 
ever  ranking  as  the  port   jirojier   of   the  future   metro 
polls  of    N'alicouver    Island. 

At  the  time  when  ('oloml  Colipilioun  (ifiint  was  nt 
Victoria,  the  popiililion  amoiiiited  to  only  'MH)  souls, 
and  that  of  the  whole  island  at  lot)  souls.  The  gio.-s 
ipiantity  of  land  applied  for  bad  been  lO.SOi"  acres 
and  It)  pen  lies,  of  which  Id,  17'J  acres  had  been  claimed 
by  the  llmlsoii's  IJay  ('oiiipaiiy,  -.'i74  acres  by  the 
I'uge*  Sound  ('oiiipiny,  and  the  reiniiindcr  bv  private 
individuals.  Only  I'lUO  inres  '.ver;  occn|iieii  by  indi- 
vidual settlers,  sixteen  in  iniiiibi  r  ;  1)73  ncrji)  were 
claimed  by  absentees,  and  uiioccnpied. 

What  a  change  had  cone  ov<'r  the  scene  in  1S.")7 
when  visited  by  Mr.  ('oriiwallis  '  The  harbour  was 
crowded  with  gracefully  peaked  eaiioes  and  boats  of 
all  slia|H's  and  siz'.s,  and  Italian  fisliermen  from  San 
Krancisco  were  .nliiig  as  bontnicn.  X'ictorin  it.sell 
Won  n '' liiitlily  lloiiiishng  and  pleasinj'  iippearaiKe," 
th  most  noticeable  feature  in  the  sho|i  and  trading 
line  being  the  scarcity  of  anything  like  hotels:  there 
were  five  places,  however,  where  liipmr  was  .sold,  the 
pni|iriitoi  of  e.nli  liavin;;  to  pay  the  Ilnilson's  Hay 
t^'oinpanv  a  lici  use-fee  nf  no  less  than  i.'lL'0  per  unnnn: 
for  the  privileg".  ( Jreen  .laniaica  looking  lanes  fan  out 
of  the  towM,  like  channels  thioiigh  a  continent  of  cul- 
tivation, acre:,  of  potatoeiv  wheat,  maize,  barley,  and 
geiitlv  wa-ing  rye,  were  succes.sively  preneiiti  d  to  the 
admiring  view.  The  fertility  of  the  soil  was  cvery- 
wliere  apparent.  Limestone  built  villas  here  and  tiler* 
decked  the  suburbs,  and  cott.ige.s,  festooned  with  ft 
rofiision  of  bli>.<soniini;  creipers,  tlinked  the  road  k 
little  to  the  westwani  of  (iovi'rnment  House,  which 
from  its  elevated  po-ition.  seemed  to  hold  precedence 
over  ifU  the  les-ser  architecture  around. 

"  The  sun  with  its  guldeu  riuliauce,"  sayo  Mr.  Com 


VANCOUVEB  ISLAND. 


82T 


Witllifl,  "  wn«  slinMiiij;  (Tiinils  of  lijflit    over   llir    viiiirtl 

lllllllMUIIpr,     IH^till){    till'    hIiikIiiW     III'    (III'     lni|i:lll    nil     till' 

tiliii'iil  wiitrriit'ii  liipHin,  wliii  li  wniiinl  like  ii  river  in 
n  nciitly»li<'lviii;{  viilli'V  licyiiirl,  iiml  >,'iviiii,'  a  glnw  of 
lit.-  Hint  iiiiiiiiahiiii  til  till.!  Iii'iiiliii;;  nun  I'h  IiIh  iiini  tlir 
I'liriaii  lialiitatiiiiiH  uf  nun.  'I'lic  l.iiils  wirr  juvl'iilly 
ciiiiilliii),'  away  in  Hwrrt.  anil  linpr  inspinn^  iiiiisiin  ;  tlir 
Iii'I'iIh  at  paslni'i'  lnivril  plaintivily,  iiml  the  Mraliii^'  ul' 
hIii'i'P  anil  l.ilnlikin  liinke  ainlilily  In  liti'  iw  lie  piissed 
liy  natiiial  linlj^es  nl' wilil  mse  anil  lilaeklierry-lmslies, 
Iiml  tielils  iiiliiniliint  ul'^^rass  ami  liliiver,  wlniMe  nriiiiiii 
was  liiirne  mi  tlie  liree/.e  liiraway  In  tlie  uplaiiilM,  wliero 
the  wilil  man  .nlill  Imliln  .sway,  iiml  civiliiialion  hath 
waree  nr  nev«'r  tfiiilileli." 

So  niiirli  I'lir  Vietiiria  a.s  j,'ilileil  ami  tinteil  up  liy 
iniires.sfiil  hpeeiilaliiili!  Anil  then,  as  to  IiiihK  The 
neraiiilile  liir  lots  wa.s  Ireineniluus;  lOK  iliiilars  wius  the 
price  lixeil  |Mr  lot,  hut  the  crnwil  of  purehasers  wa.s  .so 
great  that  there  was  iio  netting  to  tlio  nlliee.  '•  I  hail 
never  lieeii  ill  siieli  II  erowil,"  says  Mr.  ('Drnwallis, 
"Hinco  tiie  year  IH.'i.'i,  when  I  waileil  my  turn  tor 
letters  in  I'miit,  of  the  San  Kranei.Mo  post  ollii't',  after 
the  arrival  of  the  Unileil  States  mail."  Ami  liuky, 
iliilet'il,  were  the  pnrehiusers,  for  their  lots  were  snhse- 
queiitly,  in  iimst  ca.se.s,  pa.i.seil  from  haiiil  to  haml,  at  an 
advanecil  |iriee  of  tlimisanils  of  ilollars.  Jinl^je  of  tho 
ea.se  of  a  man  thai  was  seen  in  a  liipmr  store  at  Vietoria: 
"  Yees,  sir,"  .s;iiil  hi-,  "six  thoiisanil  nine  Iniiiilreil  anil 
fifty  .lollai-s  I  eahiilate  to  lie  the  prolit  ot  tiiat  ar  lifty- 
ilollai  lot."  This  he  hail  invesleil  in  laml  when  he 
Hrri\eil  from  San  Kiiineisco  two  niniiths  previously, 
when  the  lixeil  |iriee  was  a  hiimlreil  per  eent.  lower 
than  at  |ireseiit,  iinil  «hieli  lot  he  hail  miIiI  nn  that  very 
(lay  for  ",(l(i()  ilnll.irs.  Mr.  (Jmiiwallis  was  little  less 
Imky  himself.  He  sileeeeileil  in  olit.iiniii;^  six  lots, 
siii'h  heiii^  tlie  ininiiier  limiteil  to  eaeli  iiiiliviihial,  ami 
lie  .SI, III  tlie  first  three  lots,  one  fur  ."i,,S(IO  ilollars,  the 
other  two  fur  8,0(10  ilollars,  to  a  speiiilator,  who  put 
tliein  into  the  market  at  7.000  ilollars  a  lot  imiiieiliately 
afterwanls.  The  other  three  not  lirinj,'  yet  lucatud,  ho  ! 
reserved  for  his  return.  | 

At  this  time  there  was  a  larj»o  store  and  wharf  at 
Esipiinialt,  and  a  lirid^e,  ereeled  liy  the  lliidson's  H  ly 
Company  at  a  oo.st  ol  .ill, 000,  spaiiiied  the  lieiutiliil 
pranite  liasin  of  Victoria  I  larhoiir  iViiin  tlie  town  side 
to  the  opposite  or  north  side,  leading;  to  a  trunk  road 
in  the  interior,  wliieli  passes  liy  tiie  Coinpiny's  ex- 
tensive farm  (tlie  Ksipiinialt),  the  settlement  at  llerliert 
Head,  at  Ali'lehoseii,  and  at  Sooke,  all  thrivim;  ai,'ii- 
eiiiliiral  di>triet.s.  ISesides  the  linndreil  and  lil'ly  hoii.ses 
ami  stores  wliieh  sprnn;;  up  in  Vietoria,  in  l)^.')"  and 
1^^)N— almost  every  hoii>e  orsiianty  in  the  town  proper 
heiii),  a  restiinraiit  or  enllee-staml  — numerous  tents 
were  scattered  aliout  the  outskirts,  .sume  eliokinj;  up 
the  ravines  with  their  numlier,  others  spreadiiiji  out  on 
the  liroail  open  plain  that  snrronnds  the  town,  whilst 
t'lirther  olf  their  fleecy  summits  were  to  he  seen  alon;{ 
the  shores  of  the  bay.  Still  firther  from  tho  dust  and 
clamour,  here  and  there  an  isolate  I  house  was  to  '.lo 
seen  av^•ay  in  the  woikI.s,  tenanted  liy  soiiie  individual 
oiianiiinred  of  a  liiilji;e  in  the  wilderne.s.s.  "  Such."  .savs 
Mr.  Cornwalli.s,  "are  the  sulnirlis  of  Victoria  in  18.").S. 
Who  or  what  will  lie  their  occupaiils  in  18.")!)  iniaijina 
tion  iiiav  picture,  but  how  truthfullv  time  alono  can 
tell." 

Tlu^  open  juiiirie  ground  of  Vancouver  Island,  as 
well  aa  the  ])atclie8  of  .soil  which  are  met  with  in  the 
clufts  of  the  hills,   are  principally  covered   with   the 


c.ima^h,  a  small  esculent  root,  nlioiit  tho  size  of  an 
onion,  willi  a  li;,'lil  blue  flower— the  CciH/iKi/Ka  i«it//<t)<n 
of  liotiiiiisl.s.  The  eaiiiMsh  I'lmslitutes  a  favourite 
ii'tiele  of  fund  with  the  Indiaii.s,  luid  liny  lay  up  larj,'f) 
ipiantities  of  it  fur  winter  consiimpti, 111,  Imiyiiij^  it  in 
pits  in  the  Kiiiie  way  as  tiny  keep  potatoes.  Tlie 
(•'iiiill/ieria  hIiiiIIiiii,  callid  by  the  (  iimidiiiiis  siiliil,  is, 
next  In  the  iiimash,  the  must  eomiiinii  plant  in  Aiiii- 
cniiver's  Island  ;  it  is  a  Hiiiidl  hlnnb,  biaiinj;  a 
dark  blue  berry,  a  little  liugir  thiin  the  ciiinbeny. 
The  berry  is  very  sweet  and  wlnliMine,  iiiid  the 
s,iva;;es  are  very  fund  of  it.  The  AihiihiH  uta  vim 
aliniimis  on  the  Inw  hills,  nnd  is  the  liiM.uiile  loi  d 
nf  be.irs.  The  natives  siiinke  the  diy  leinen.  'J'lio 
Kijiii.li linn  liijiiiiii/f  loniis  (Xiellint  find  ler  i utile  in 
wiiilir.  They  are  very  fond  of  it.  M«i|.t  liuiis  j;(  i  e- 
rally  cnltiviitcd  in  (iieat  Itiitain  idiaiinl,  I  olh  in  the 
liiwlunds  and  hillsides,  vhenvir  tiny  can  find  .m.iI  to 
support  them.  Ami'ii;;  ihese  nuiy  le  iiMiiiiiind  ns 
ijrowin;,'  wild  llio  htiawliiiy,  blia  k  mrniiit.  fionMl  i  ri), 
and  ra.'pbeny,  a  nn.'ll  xaiiety  nt Oiib  u) )  le,  i  nil  the 
choke,  a  small,  bliiek,  \vild  clntiy.  'J  he  |.ijtato  is 
almost  univer.-ally  cnlliMilid  by  nil  llie  lialiveson  the 
south  of  Viincouver  Jslund,  as  well  as  on  the  ojuKjKitn 
mainland. 

The  Indian  tribes  in  nnd  nbeiit  the  rrfjiins  under 
eonsideratiiiti  lire  Eome  lltl  in  nun  ber,  with  n  po]iii- 
latioli  of  7;i,;!I»4.  Of  ihiM'  ll  e  KiiMtte,  lilid  tweiity- 
.seveii  Ciller  tribes,  (.tiiially  ^JlllkiIfr  the  (juiKi.tt 
laii<{uaf;i',  ulone  number  •|0,Mi.'i.  'i  he  tiil  es  ol  Ihiti.'-h 
(.'nluniliia  nre,  liowi  vt  r  fi  r  llii  n  e>t  ]  iiit,  unknown  ns 
is  also  the  cum:  iniliid  with  the  Ciiilt  of  (icoigia 
Indians  1'lie  leadin;,'  tide  in  ]'riti>h  Coliilnbia  ifi 
.said  to  1m'  the  Takellie.-.  <i  I'linillit!-,  n  mine  in. polling 
"carriers,"  and  who  i  n  i  l  j.' lit  lux  hts  nre  divided  into 
eight  tribes  of  various  ixtint.  'lie  i(>tilt  ot  ciireltil 
iiliservation  of  their  ili  meter  dms  not  exnitlv  snb- 
stanliato  .Mr.  Cirnwalbs's  ibnjMiliis  nnnit  Hborifiinnl 
inunceme  iinii  piuily  Mr  M'lum  tdln  us  lb  . 
.sensuality  and  jjlntti  ny  Me  i.n.i  li^;  llieii  chi.incteristic 
vices,  as  they  nie  i  ii  i  if;  nil  ]ti)le  wlio  know  no 
restr lints  save  those  ii  lliitid  by  vnnt  er  in<iipiibilily. 
The  wiimeii  are  mill  to  f;i\e  tin  it  ii  s  lo  the  inilulgi  nee 
111  their  passions  from  nn  tally  nj;e.  tii  ii.bliijf.'  is 
another  vice  to  which  iIum'  iinr  Indinns  njjily  tlieir 
untutored  minds  in  uiuiimiiUs  tniilntiun  nf  their 
betters  Many  of  the  tiilts  me  ihitvisli  and  lyii  ff. 
They  are  also  very  diiiy  It  is  tbfltult,  hf-Aivir,  to 
know  v\heii  tmr  uiilhnntii  s,  h]tiikiiig  of  iniliniis, 
de.scribo  the  results  t>l  nnl uial  lit  |  lavity  orof  d-]ii«vily 
ari^in;;  frotii  nssociation  w  ith  m  t  iai  dtnitjidifntii  ii.  It  is 
just  pnssilile  that  tlie..>e  J  h\>ii  i  liy  fiin  inies  of  pi  ojile, 
however  )iroiie  to  war  i  nil  |  ini  ilti,  n:ay  not  be  kwil 
or  thievish  nmong  tlieniKhes.  Km  n  the  wi  men  tle- 
iiiiiinced  may  be  the  Laises  and  Tlini.-is  of  the  Hudson 
Hay  employes. 

The  hiiiKUaf;e  of  the  natives  njijHiirs  to  be  mainly 
ilialeets  of  the  f'liip|ie«.iyan,  which  is  m  hirjjely  ex- 
tended over  North  America.  T  In  y  nre  mid  to  he  ex- 
eeedin^lly  partial  to  niusie,  iintl  evt  n  skilful,  having 
great  variety  and  inelndy  in  the  nirs  wliih  they  sing. 
They  are  fiiiid  of  f'asls  and  danns — after  their  own 
fashion — and  they  also  indulge  in  dramatic  ripiCfenta- 
tions  of  a  wild  character. 

.Mo.st  of  the  tribes  are  unfortunately  at  feud  with 
one  another  in  the  interior.  Thus,  fur  exainjile,  the 
Talkotins  on  the  U|i|ier  Frazer  hold  the  (I  iliotins  in 
deadly  hatred.     Nearly  all  the  men  ate  bix    feet   ujid 


1!  (i';| 


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ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


ii|i\viiiils  in  liciiilit.  nml  nrr>  wrll  mudc  in  ]iroi)ortii)n.  I  rata,  niiirmnts,  ami  wood  rats  aro  fliiind  ovcrv- 
Dr.  Scoiilcr,  a  smmil  nlisfivi-r,  savs,  tlmt  tlic  Indians  of,  wluTi',  tlir  latter  l>_v  lar  too  nnuli  so.  liolli  land  and 
liiitisli  Coluniliia  and  of  tlio  coasts,  lirinj^  arcnstonicd  |  soa  otters  are  nn-t  willi  ;  the  fur  of  llio  latter  is  very 
to  sedentary  and  eontinuoiis  lalionrs,  jiresi  nt  great  I  soft  and  delieate,  and  is  tlie  most  valnaldo  of  any 
a|itllnile  for  |iassin<;  into  an  a^rienltnral  state.  All  !  olitaineil  on  tlu^  coast.  liaMiils  also  alionnd.  'J'liern 
I  lie  nalivi's  of  tlu'  north-west  coast  are,  indi'ed,  alri'aily  i  are  plenty  of  <loi;s.  'i'hey  are  of  a  diniinulixc  size,  anil 
sUilfid  ami  ent<M|iii>iiii,' tradeix      As   yet.    their    nnni    i  stroni;ly  ri'senilde  those  of  tin'  l'"si|niinanx,  with   cnrled- 

np  tail,  simdl   ears,   and   |ioinled   no.se.      A    conpN'  of 

these  trai'tahle  animals  will  draw    ii  KJedi;)^  with  a   load 

of  l'.">()  |ionmls,     liesides    pro\isions   for  theni.selvi's  .ind 

their    driver,   twenty   miles   m   live   houix      Of  liiid.s, 

there   are   tia;   Imstard  ;   the     Tiinio   oliKi-iiriig,    rather 

larj;(  r  than   the  Seoltish  jjronsi"  ;   the   'J'rtnin   /iic/iartl- 

iiii)ii.t,  amilher  spi'iiesof  f,'rouse  ;  and  the  <li'nin-|iartridi;e. 

Then^  are,   8trani,'e   to  .say,    \\'\v   sin:;iiig-lpirds  on  the 

west    eoa.st    of   Anu'rici.      There    are    ,'agle.s,  haw, 

vnltnrcs,  crow.s,  magpies,   thrnshes,  woodpeekei.s,  hnll- 

linehes,   and  humming  hirds,    hnt  few   songsters  of  the 

woods  or  lields.      As  to  aipiatie   liirds,  pelicans,  swans, 

gi'ese,  (lacks  of  varions  kinds,  teal,  glelies,  and  others, 

they   completely  cover   the  lakes  and  ijd.ujd  .salt  water 

lochs  in  winter,  lint  they  leave  the  country  in  sununer. 

Theio  is  a  large  species  of  craia',  plenty  of  plov  er,  lint 

is  a   large  purl  ion  of    tew  snipe.      Fi.sli,  we   have  .seen,  are  most   plcntifnl  in 

the  sea-rivei-s  and   lakes.      Slingcon    of  from    LTiO  lli. 

weight    to    (i(l()   111.    weight    are   taught   in    the   laltei-. 

There  are  four  kinds   ol   salmon  that   ascend  the  rivers 

in    immense    slmals,    )iriieeed  towards  the  sources,  and, 

having   deposited    their  spawn,    their   de;id    liodies  are 

i  .seen    tlo.it  ing    down   the    current   in    thousands.     The 

other  fish  of  the    lakes  aTid    livei-s  are  trout,  carp,  and 

j  white  llsh.     The  .salmon  is  called  liy  M'l.ean  "the  New 

Caledonian  stall'  of  life."      The  natives  have  v<ry  inge 

nious  modes  of  ]ireparing  it,  Imt    as   they   do   not   care 

I'nr  ihiir  lish  or  viands  being  jairc,  they  are  not  always 

palal;dilo  to  Kuropeans. 

In.seets  alionnd,  and  among  the  most  annoying  are 
the  mosipiitoe.s,  the  lilm-k  |lv.  and  thegiiit.  whiili  :in> 
-aid  to  rclii've  each  oilnr  iigiilarly  in  llir  h.hL  i.f 
liirtnri'.  and  to  espcei:illy  alHiund  alter  lain  ni  i  IhiimIii- 
sliiiwcrs.  The  number  will  jirubaMy  iliniini--li  .i^  ilie 
land  becomes  cultivated,  and  .sinnc  people  du  mil  loni- 
plain  of  them.  Mr.  Cornwallis  s.iys  : — "  It  was  not  lajf 
su  bad  as  by  an  Knglish  roadside,  where  the  gnats 
sting  and  whirl  round,  biting  ]ioison  into  every  p.is.s<a- 
liy  —  the  peslilenco  of  diti  he.s."  ISnt  then  he  was  •'  n-- 
alising"  his  titty  to  one  hundred  dollars  a  day  in  dust 
anil  nuggets ! 

Kirs,  of  wliich  thcri'  are  se\er.d  species,  and  eedai'S 
attain  a  gigantic  growth.  One  lir  nailics  a  height 
of  l'."i(l  ft  I  t,  with  a  eiivunifereiiee  i it  forty  two  feet  at 
the  bi.it.  There  are  two  kintis  tif  oak — stnntctl- 
liioking  among  the  etHiifera'  on  the  coast,  but  tif  liner 
growth  in  the  interior.  The  while  maple  grows  in 
all  the  low  wooillantls.  A  large  species  tif  arbutus 
U'l'ows  on  the  lianks  of  rivers  to  a  height  nf  thirty  and 
forty  teet,  with  haitl  white  wtioil. 

Aiming  the  more  important  and  interesting  iiativo 
vegt  table  prodnctinns  are  the  hemp  plant,  iheproiluee 
of  whiih  has  bet  n  fmind  to  be  su|ieritir to  lln'  Itussian, 
ami  the  prii  kly  )icar,  ilried  by  the  nalivt's  in  Ihesiin, 
and  baked  into  exciUent  cakes.  There  .iii,  m--- wf  have 
before  seen,  some  ticlicious  varieties  nf  bliieberiie.s, 
service  berries,  choke  berries,  gooseberries,  st  imw  berries 
and  wlioilleberries.      A    root   callnl    'IV.a-chin    imparts 

an  agi able   zest   tti   Kilmon,    ami   etlbetualy    tiestroys 

the  tjisagrccalilo  smell  of  that   fish  when  smtike-tlrietl. 
It  in  uiiiiect'ssary   to  repeat  tliat    all  the  fruit-tree^ 


lieir  nuni 
bers  are  said  to  ilinilnish  when  in  contact  with  the 
lire-wa.er,  inipniicd  disea.ses,  and  tither  vices  t)f  the 
whites;  butaeonli  y  result  may  be  conlideutly  an- 
licipatetl  when  the\  are  thrown  in  contact  with  the 
virtues  of  the  white  man.  Most  of  tlm  north-western 
.Vnierican  tribes  are  ])hysieally  antl  mentally  tpiite 
eipial,  if  not  superior,  to  the  Cauatlian  Imiian,  the  1,'he- 
rnkee.s,  I'lioctas,  anil  other  races  rcdeemetlby  tlio  Aine- 
rican.s,  and  the  New  Zeal.imlers  ;  yet,  what  can  bo 
more  gratitying  taan  the  results  which  theiiitrotlnctiou 
iif  order,  of  civilisation,  antl  t'hristiaiiity  have  etroeletl 
.iiiiiinj'  those  once  savage  races. 

It  is  only  within  our  own  times  that  Government 
and  the  publio  arc  beciuning  aware  of  the  va.st  eapabi- 
lilics  t)f  liritish  Cnluinbia.  (icographers  have  long 
p'lndcrcd  till  the  fatt,  aiitl  have  atteinpletl  t<)  give  to  it 
pablicity,  but  in  vain.      "Then 

the  surface  of  the  earth,"  said  .Mr.  ( Jlatistone,  mi  Mr 
Ittieliiick's  moliiiii  respct'tiiig  the  Jrudson's  ItayCom- 
piny — "there  is  a  large  porlinn  of  the  earth  with 
regard  to  the  character  of  wliieli  wf  have  been  systema- 
tically kept  in  darkness,  for  tlmse  who  hail  inform.itiiiii 
til  Ljive  have  .ilsn  had  an  interest  tlircetly  oppo.seil  to 
till  ir  imparting  it." 

\Vilh  a  splendid  climate,  far  milder  than    in   eorre- 
spi'iiiling  l.ililiiiles  in  Hnriipe,  besides  the  inlinilesiipply 
nf  fiir  bearing  animals   nf  the    most    valuable    Ui.ids    - 
besider  the  iminenso  variety  of  tish  with  w  liicli  all  the 
waters,    be   they    fresh    or   siilt,    abound- — bcsith's  the 
biinndless    supply   of    deer,    game,    and    wiiter-fti«l 
bc^ide.i  the  inexliaiistible  yieM   nf  linilicr  — this  reiiinn 
possesses   ill    lis   minerals  and  me-    l.ir  greater  riehe 
than  its  fiir~,  nr  its  lisheries,  ni-   ii^  fnresl^  can  ever   be 
made  to   yield.      Adtl  to  all    this,  il    pnssesses  a   great 
.lurieultural  ami  coininereial  fnlure,  bntli  alike  enhanced 
by    the   probability    of   the    Valley   of  the     Frazer   be 
iMiiiiiig  "ue  day  one  of  the  highways  of  the  world. 

It  would  iiideeil  be  impossible  at  the  |iresent  day  to 
single  out  any  virgin  It  rritory  w  huh  combines  .so  m.iiiv 
large  and  prolitabli'  openings  to  industry,  uiithr  the 
siiiie  advaiil  igeoiis  cireiiinstances  of  a  gnotl  climate 
and  n.iliii  '1  supplies  t'roni  the  animal  and  M'gelable 
kiii,'diiins. 

Ill  the  .ininitl  kingdoin  wf  have  first  the  Crrnis 
ii!r,i,  nr  niniise  tleer  of  the  Canadians  ;  ('.  tciritmi.i,  nr 
reindeer,  but  rare;  ''.  tli/i/iuji,  or  comm m  -tag,  the 
elk  nf  the  Canadians;  ('.  ('mia/fii.ii.i,  or  reil  <\rry  ;  (' 
/•■iiciirii-i  or  large  white  tailed  ilecr;  tlie  jnmpiiiL;  deer 
(i7icc;i'i///).  .s.iiti  to  be  plentilnl  near  Fort  AleXMinlri.i  : 
a  sill  iller  spet  ies  of  blaek-t  tile  I  deer,  antl  tit  her  kimb. 
lii:;  Imrii  sheep  are  very  nuiiierniis  in  the  inounlain^. 
and  are  as  good  eating  as  the  doinestic  sheep.  There 
are  sever.il  \arieties  of  be.irs,  grizzled,  black,  brown, 
and  cIliitMlale,  but  reducible  prnbiblv  to  two  species, 
the  111  K-k  ,iiid  brown.  Illack  and  white  wolves  inlesi 
llie  iliiek  woods;  as  also  a  small  species  of  panther,  .and 
the  lynx,  but  none  of  these  are  very  numerous.  Aniniig 
the  fur  beai  ini;  animals  are  the  beaver  antl  martens, 
which  are  likely  to  continue  nnineroiis  for  many  years 

t line.  IIS  they  lliid  a  safe  retreat  aiiiong  the  fastnesses 

uf  the  Iincky   Mounlain.s,     Minxes,    sipiirrels,   iiiusk- 


r 


VANCOUVER  ISLAND. 


S29 


;U[ll   .•(•lllll'S 

■s  ;i    lii'i.ylit 

two    llM't   lit 

k  — stiintfil- 

hllt    111'  tilllT 

1'  j;r()\vs  in 

(if    illl>lllllM 

if  tliiity  ami 

tint;  iiiitivo 

tlic  |iiinliu'e 

I,    Itiissiaii, 

ill  llicMin, 

,  jj  wi'  liiivo 

l.lii,  licnics, 

^^l^l«  liiTvii-a 

ill    iiii|wii'ts 

,ly   .l.sttiiys 

uiKikt'-tliioil. 

IVuitlrccn 


((rainfi,  vrgotnhlt'a  mid  jjraaBns  thftt  Buccood  in  Groat 
Britain  tlcmrisli  in  Hritish  (^oliiniliiaanil  yii-lii  almndant 
cro|(S.  As  it,  IS,  tlii>  quantity  iit'i)|irn  liiml  in  VanctmviT 
IhLukI  and  on  tlu!  coast  liciirs  a  siiiull  |iro]iortion  totlif 
woodland,  imt  tliia  is  not  tlif  casi'  in  tlm  upper  valley 
of  the  Frazer  and  Tlioinpson's  Kivers  and  sonitt  of  the 
liiki'  ilistricts,  where  lionndless  jirairiea  are  met  with, 
and  I'xcelh'nt  crops  and  larije  stocks  of  cattle  are  already 
lieiiij;  raised  hy  the  missionaries.  The  woodland  is, 
however,  riclier  when  dearcMl  than  tlu"  pniirie  f;roiind, 
and  this  applies  a  ran?  tiling  in  other  countries — even 
to  tin;  soil  (jf  the  lir  and  piiio  forests. 

As  tu  thu  prospects  of  tlic  country,  that  which  a|i- 


plies  to  Vnnpouvcr  Island  ap])lio3  cfinally  to  theniain 
land,  iin<l  in  some  respects  more  forcilily.  Hence  it  is 
that  should  it  turn  out  th.tt  the  <:old  tield  in  the 
mainland  of  the  Ihitish  tiTritory  is  rich  and  extensive, 
xs  there  is  every  reason  to  lielieve,  tin;  island  will  lin- 
coTno  a  prolitahle  lield  for  all  trailes,  industries,  and 
laliour.  The  ]iopulation  will  soon  iiicrea.se  from 
Canada — whence  an  immigration  of  many  thousiimis  is 
already  spoken  of—  from  Australia,  South  America,  the 
.Atlantic  States,  and,  no  douht,  from  Kiiinpo  also.  If 
this  liap|>ens,  the  tradesman  and  the  lalioiin'r  will  find 
employment,  and  the  farmer  will  tind  a  ready  market, 
at  good  prices,  for  his  produce. 


Shoul.l  tlic  Hold  s.idd.iily  disappear,  the  island  v'll  I 
have  liciieliied  h\  the  iliipllisc  ju-l  i,'iveii  to  iiniiii,i,'n  | 
tioii,  for  no  iloiilil  many  who  went  to  mine  will  ri'iiiain  , 
to  ciiltivaie  the  soil   ami   to  eni,'a','e   in   other  piii-snils.  j 

If  this  he  the  terniinati f  thi>  picscii'  fever,  thci  ,o 

the    farmer    who   is    salistied  with    a    competency,    full  1 
gainers  and  a  f,'oiid  lardcT,  who  loves  relirement,  is  not  ; 
uiihitiou-i  of  wealth,  is  fond   of  a    mild,   aL,'reeahh\  and 
h.'althy  clim.ite,  and  a   most  lovely    country  to  \i\\:   in, 
the  island  otli  is  every  attraction. 

There  is  another  point  of  view  in  whiili  Ihitish 
Columhia  presents  a  very  promisini;  openins,  and  that 
is  as  a  naval  andinaiilime  statiim  The  haihoins  at 
yiieen  l,'harlolte"s  Island,  VaiK'ouvcr  Island,  and  the 
entrance  of  l''ra.ser  Hiver,  are  ]ieculiarly  inlaptcd  for 
tlie  fitting  out  of  whalers,  being  in  the  neighbourhood 


of  very  valuable  (ishiiit;  waters,  and  the  country  iu 
their  vicinitv  :;.rordiiii;  cvi'iythini;  that  ir  r  ipiircd  for 
the  const lucli.  ,i  of  vi'ssels —  such  as  e.\cclli>nt  timber, 
11)11  anil  I'oppcr,  coal  for  foru'e.s,  wati'r  power  for  driving 
siiw  mills,  and  even  hemp  ijrow  ini;  wild  in  the  interior, 
for  til,  maniifactiii'  of  sails  and  cordai^e  Thus  the 
whale  tisl'cry  alone,  by  crcatini;  a  dciiiami  for  many 
articles  into  which  tlu'si' products  could  hr  mainifaciercil, 
miuht  be  made  to  i;ive  employment  to  nui.'beis  of 
[M'tsons  of  various  trades  and  lallins; 

Bat  there  is  aiiothor  and  .'till   more  important  eon- 
■idoratien,    happily    heemning    f;eiieraily    felt    and    ad- 
mitted, which    is,  that   in    the   unsettled  and  evcr-vary 
iug  condition  of  the  decrepit  Moslem   Empire,  the  over- 
I  growing  power  of  Russia  in  Asia,  and  the  iiidillerciioe 
'  of  the   tiritiBh  governuieut  to  the  means  of  couutcr* 


I 


330 


ALL   BOUND  THE  WORLD. 


^i  ii(h 


bnlancing  that  power  by  atrengtlieniiiK  its  position 
ill  tlio  valleys  of  tho  Eiipliriites  ami  Tifjris  rivers,  tiiat 
our  trado  in  tlie  Pacific  Ooeaii  witli  China,  Japan, 
India,  and  Australia,  may  ultimately  be  com|K!lled  to 
pass  through  our  North  Auierieau  possessions.  Thei-e 
arc  not  wanting  those — and  we  rank  ourselves  among 
that  sanguine  class  of  enthusiasts— who  see  in  the 
accomplishment  of  tlie  ILilifax  and  Quebec  Itailway  a 
lii-st  step  in  the  establishment  of  a  great  iiiter-oceiinic 
line  of  cominuuieation,  partly  by  water  uud  partly  by 
r.iil,  if  not  ultimately  entirely  by  rail. 

The  distance  between  London  and  Pokin  would  be 
reduced  by  such  a  line  to  st)ine  10,000  miles,  and  the 
journey  to  thirty  days.  It  would  les.sen  tho  distance 
from  I.iverpool  to  Vancouver  Island  to  5,6.50  miles, 
the  distance  between  Liverpool  and  Panama  .alone 
being  4,100  miles.  The  harlmurof  Halifax  is  the  only 
one  .sjifc  port  wc  have  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  British 
North  .\meriea,  accessible  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  the 
rest  being  clo.sed  by  ice  for  six  months,  whilst  wo  have 
in  the  Pacitic,  in  the  harbour  of  Esquimalt,  one  of  the 
finest  ports  iu   the   world.     It  is  8,200  miles  from 


Panama  to  Sy<Iney,  and  7,200  miles  from  Vancouver 
Island  to  the  siime  placid,  so  tlittt  Austrahusia  is  a.s  much 
concerned  in  the  adoption  of  this  line  an  arc  Japan, 
China,  or  India. 

No  matter  what  line  is  ultimately  adopted  for  such 
transit,  whether  My  the  Vermilion  Pass,  into  the  valley 
of  Columbia,  or  the  Kicking-hoi-so  Pass  into  the  valley 
of  the  Kiitanie,  or  by  a  more  northerly  pa.ss  into  the 
valley  of  Frascr  Kiver,  still  the  advantages  which 
would  accrue  to  Great  Britain,  consequent  upon  tho 
entire  service  being  ;>erformed  through  British  territory, 
are  beyonil  all  calculation.  Tlie  establishment  of  such 
a  line  of  communication  would  not  merely  o|K'n  up  to 
civilisation  a  large  territory  in  Briti.sh  North  America 
hitherto  almost  unexplored,  but  it  would  open  up  to 
tho  cultivatora  of  the  .soil  (in  Minnesota  and  on  the 
Red  River,  for  example,  the  isolation  of  which  appears 
to  have  been  hitherto  tlic  only  bar  to  progress  and  ex- 
tension), as  also  iu  Canaila,  a  means  of  transit  to  all 
the  markets  of  the  Pacilio,  am'  an  oikh  passage  to  tho 
China  Seas  and  to  our  pos.se.ssions  iu  the  £a8t  Indies, 
Australia  and  New  Zealand.^ 


FROM  THE  ATLAOTIO  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 


m 


I     I 


lililt  I 


I— THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS. 

Towards  the  girdling  of  the  earth  by  a  junction 
between  the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacific,  there  are  two 
stations,  two  great  colonies,  already  formed  upon  a 
line  having  its  basis  on  British  territory — tlie.se  ai-e 
British  Columbia  and  the  Red  River.  Tliere  is  further 
a  great  belt  of  t'ertile  country  which  extends  from  the 
Lake  of  the  Wnods  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and 
which  is  watered  almost  through   its  whole  extent  bv 


'  buikily  wc  Imvo  n  giivomiiieiit   wliicli  at   once  iindcratanilii 
and  :i|)|irrriu;us  tliu  wliolu  iH'iinii^  of  lliu<|Ui'stion.     "In  gluiicin^  1 
over  the  vast   rc^jiiina  (ii'vott'd  to  tlie  fur  trade,"  Riiid  Sir  IJulwer 
Lyttoii,  "wliifli  are  said  to  he  uslar^cns  Kurojic,  tiie first  thoii;j:lit 
of  every  Kii^rlislniKiii  iiuist  tie  that  of  liuiiiiliation  and  amaze.      Is  , 
it  {lossiltle  that  so  ^reat  it  8e<;inent  of  the  earth  under  tlie  Kiii^hsti 
sei'ptre  lias  so  loii^  iH'eii  iihandoned  as  a  desolate  hunting-ground 
for  waiiderin;:  .s;iva;re8  and   wild  aninmls— turning  our  eves  fniiii  i 
a  trade  vvhieli,  unlike  nil  other  eoinnieree,  rest^  on  its  jirotits.  not 
on  the  redeniptinn,  hut  on  the  niaintenanee  of  tlie  \\i  derness  ? 
It  nmst  cheiT  us  to  see  already,  in  the  great  b^irder-Iaials  of  this 
hitlirrt'i  inliitspita'le  re;;ion,  the  opening  prospects  of  eivili-»i'd  lite. 
Alreadv,  on  the  I'acitie,  Vanenuver  Island  has  Ikvu  added  to  the 
siieial  onnniuiiities  ot  mankind.     .Vlre.nly,  on   the  large  territ^iry  j 
Hist  III'  tlie   lioeky  ^Innntains,  fri'ui  the  .\niiTiean  froitier  up  to  1 
the  Unssian  iloinininns,  we  ars  laying  the  touii  lations  of  what  may  | 
heeoMie  hereafter  a  niagiiitieeiit  ahode  for  the  human  race.     And  ; 
now,  eastward  of  till-  K<ieky  Mountains,   we  are  invited   to  se«  in  I 
the  settlement  of  the  Hed  Uiver  the  nueleus  of  a  new*  colony,  a  I 
rampart  ag^iinst   any  hostile  inroads  from  the  Ameiiean  fiontier,  i 
aial  an  essi'iitial  om',  a-'  ■•  -xere,  to  that  great  viatliiet  hy  which  we  1 
hope  laie  day  to  eoinieet  the  haihiairs  of  Vancouver  with  the  Gulf 
of  .St.  I.awrenee." 

In  every  tispect  wlietlier  viewed  politically,  socially,  or  cont - 
inereially,  the  enlnnisalion  of  Ilritish  Coluinl>ia,aiid  tlieo|iening  up 
of  eon.nninie-.itioM  h,.;-.v,,„  that  great  westiily  continent,  with  its 
giant  iskoids,  its  nolile  harh.rurs,  and  its  produeliv.'  lands,  lakes, 
ttiul  rivi  rs,  witli  central  .North  Uritish  America,  must  uiidouhte<lly 
give  a  progres.'iive  impulse  to  the  alfairs  of  tho  world,  which,  in 
its  results,  w  aihl eclipse  anything  which  has  heen  witncsscl  even 
amid  the  (Atrainliiiary  development  of  the  pri'sent  century. 
In  ooniieellon  wit'i  Vancouver  Island  and  the  insiiihitui  ol  Hriti-sh 
Columbi»  we  may  he  peruiittcd  to  make  uieutiuu  uf  what  liiu  Iweu 


the  Upper  Saskatchewan  River,  and  destined  to  feed  a 
third  colony.  The  jiroblein  hiusbeen  how  best  to  accom- 
pli.sh  a  junction  of  commmiication  between  the.secolonies 
with  the  Atlantic  on  the  one  liaiid  and  the  Pacific  on 
the  other,  all  within  British  territory.  To  effect  this,  it 
wiLs  first  necessary  to  find  a  pass  through  the  Rocky 
MoiintaiiiS  ;  secondly,  a  roadway  likely  to  pay  its  own 
expenses  from  the  Rcil  River  ;  and  thir.Uy,  a  land  or 
water-way  iu  connectiou  with  Lake  Superior.^ 


callwl  the  San  .luin  Dffl'iilty.  .Veeoiding  to  the  terms  of  the 
Oregon  treaty  the  line  of  deinareation  hetween  Itritish  territory 
anil  that  of  the  United  .States  was  detenniniHl  to  be  south  of 
Frazer  Kiver,  and  froai  that  inidway  down  the  channel  of  San 
.luiu  lie  Kiica.  If,  as  ha<  Ikvii  olVercd  on  the  part  ol  tlie  Kritish 
(toveriiment,  the  arhitraliou  of  all  independent  |vw\er  was  sought 
in  the  niatt^T,  such  jhtsou  or  |>ersons  could  not  hesitate  for  a 
inomenl  in  detditring  midway  down  the  channel  to  ini'iin  midway 
iK'tM'een  the  archipelago  of  San  .luaii  and  the  inninland.  'I'lic 
channel  which  Si'panites  San  Juan  from  the  mainland  is 
narrow,  oh.tructed,  an<l  harelv  iiavigahle.  It  was  never 
known  as  the  channel  of  San  ,Iiian  dc  Kuea  If.  wlien  mid- 
way down  the  channel  was  said  it  was  meant  inidv\ay  down  the 
land,  even  then  such  a  line  would  cut  the  San  tliiiin  Islands  in 
half,  and  not  confer  the  wlmlo  of  them  on  the  I'nitid  .States.  Hut 
no  inde|HMident  person  conhl  hesitate  for  a  nioment  where  to 
draw  a  line  down  the  middle  of  the  Cliannel  de  Fiica  Aiitl  it  is  to 
lie  hojiedthat  the  rniteil  .states  (iovernnunt  will  yield  so  far  to 
reason  and  to  those  principles  of  justice  which  should  always 
actuate  nations,  were  it  even  only  for  the  example  which  is  thereby 
given  to  the  ptMplc,  as  to  pass  over  the  (lueslion  to  the  arbitration 
of  a  third  party. 

''l..e  Hudson's  Hay  Company  was  iiKtorimraled  in  the  year 
l(i70,  under  a  royal  charier  "f  Charles  the  .Second,  which 
grantcil  them  certain  terrilorie  North  America,  tcgilher  with 
eieliisive  privileges  of  trade,  a:,  other  rights  iind  ailvantages. 
During  the  first  twenty  years  of  their  existence  the  |ir  ■li's  of  the 
('onipany  were  so  great  that,  notH'ithstamhng  eie  siileialle  losses 
Hiistaimtd  hy  the  capture  of  some  of  their  islahliHlimeiils  by  the 
Kreiieh,  amounting  in  value  to  CI  |H,01  (,  they  were  eiiahlud  to 
make  a  payment  to  the  propriilnr-.  in  lliHK  ol  ti|>y  |Hrcent.,  ttni) 
a  fur  hiT  payment,  in  IfiSlI,  of  tHcnty-live  per  vent. 

Iu  lUUU.  the  stock  wu  IrebleU  without  any  call  Iwlng  niada 


)m  Vancouver 
aia  is  as  much 
iw  lire  Jupaii, 

ipted  for  such 
uto  tlie  valley 
ntd  the  valley 
pass  into  the 
ntages  which 
Mit  upon  the 
itish  territory, 
niciit  of  Buch 

^\  0|K'U  up  to 

:)rtli  America 
I  o|>en  up  to 
I  and  on  the 
Miich  appears 
gress  and  ex- 
ran  sit  to  all 
issage  to  the 
East  Indies, 


od  to  feed  a 
st  to  accora- 
liese  colonies 
e  Pacific  on 
(Feet  this,  it 
tiie  Kooky 
pay  its  own 
',  a  land  or 


terms  of  the 
;isli   territory 

I  bo  simtli  of 
laiiiu'l  of  Siin 
lit  the  llritisli 
T  was  songlit 
liesitatc  for  a 
iii'iin  midwny 
liiiliiiiil.     'I'lic 

iiriinlaiid    is 
was    never 
.   wlicM  mid- 
ay  iloivii  tlic 

II  Islaiiila  in 
.Stales.    I!ut 

lit  wliere  to 
Anil  it  is  to 
eltl  80  far  to 
iiiulil  alwa^'S 
iehistlii'ieliy 
e  uriiil ration 

in  the  year 
•1111(1,  wlileli 
Vitlier  with 

11ltvailtl4^C8. 

r-'tits  of  tliu 
iTul.le  loKNeB 
nils  hy  tlic 
eiinlilod  to 
T  ceiit.,  and 

leing  mad* 


i 


mi 


1  k ' ' ' 


il 


lilii'i 


1    ! 


V 


V 

N 


\ 


I-       •,?■,;; 


X 


N 


1 

1 

i  ■ 

,    ; 

".       iHiifjii  ih: 

r 

i  1^ 

f  ^ 


m' 


^¥ 


U<  ;  i 


PROM  TUB  ATLANTIC  TO  TUB  PACIFIC. 


831 


Tlio  oxplnmtion  of  tlio  rniitnil  ilistrirls  nl'  Hiiti>li 
AiniTiiiM,  iMoi'i'  (•.s|ir('iiill\  III'  I  III'  lull','  villi-y.s  iif  tlii' 
two  Siisk.iti-lirwiins  ami  cif  tlic  A^.siiicliiiiiic  liivcrs, 
Mi  also  of  thu  IiuhIii  of  Lake   \Viiiiii|i(>g,  liuvo  nut  a 


inciv  Bfi)i,'i'ii|pliiciil  iiitorost.  Thc^  \vi  '•'  re  of  onr  trann- 
;illiiiilic  liii'tjircii.  till'  |ii-iii;rrss  of  tlii>  jjrcat  cnliiiiii'S 
iif  Niirtli  Aiiic'iici,  IJir  iiiti'iciiiiitinniicatioii  nt  niiin- 
liiiiil,  ami  llic  i^iiirial  o'lnaiil  imivtimiit  nf  a  universal 


ixisiiloi  nn'ni'iUnp  n  piivinriit  In  llii'  |irii|irirliiis  of  Iwinl vl'ivc  piT 
criit.  on  till'  iiirrra  I  it  iir  iicwlv  rnati'il  siix-Ii.  I''r..in  Iti!t2  lu 
It'illT.  Uir  ( 'iHiipiiny  iiiriiri-i'il  jii-.s  ami  iliinii.c  ti  tlii'  iiitininit  nt' 
JL'!i7.''i"li  -lirlini;  IVuui  tlic  l-'ii'iirli.  In  17u'l)  llii'irciri'iiinsiiiiiii"i 
wiTi'  ^11  far  iiniinivi'il  tliiit.  tlii'y  a^ain  tri'lili'd  tin  ir  capital  stni-k 
Willi  only  a  call  of  ti'U  jicr  cent,  trnni  tin;  itrnprii'tiirH,  iin  wliicli 
tl'i'y  |Kiiil  H  iliviilcnil  uvcrauiiit;  nine  per  cciil.  liir  many  yearn, 
sliiiwiti;;  priitits  nil  llif  ori'^'inal   Kuliserilieil  capital   ^t^n•k   actually 

paiil  up  nf  lietwi'i'ii  sixty  anil  seventy  per  i I.  per  aiinnni,  fiiiMi 

tlie  year  KilKI  tii  IHOO,  nr  iliirini.'  a  perind  of  I  Id  years. 

I'p  In  this  ti till'  Ilnilsnn's  l>ay  Cninpany  eiijnycil  a  niniinjinly 

of  I  he  fur  traile,  anil  reapei'  .1  rii'li  harvest  nf  \vi'aUh  ami  inllneiice. 

In  1 7s:i,  tlic  .Nnitli  West  ('i)ni]>iiny  was  fomieii,  haviiiir  its 
Inai'  ipmrters  in  .Mnntreal.  Tlie  Nnrth  West  l'nin|»any  snnn  rose 
tntiic  pnsitinn  nf  a  fiirniiihililc  rival  tn  the  llmlsnn's  Hay  Cum- 
l))uiv.  anil  the  territory  the  iwn  cntnpiinies  traileil  in  lieeanie  the 
Bcenc  of  aiiiii.osities,  (enils,  ami  Mnnilsheii,  invnlvinj;  the  ili'slrne- 
tinn  nf  property,  the  (tcinnr.ilisation  of  the  Imlians,  ami  the  ruin 
of  the  fur  traile.  Owiii*;  tn  this  nppnsition  llii'  Ilmlsnn's  Hay 
Cninpany  snlferiil  In  sneh  an  Mtent,  that  helHeen  IKiio  ami  IS'JI, 
n  perinil  of  iwcnty-two  years,  their  iliviiienils  were  for  the  tirst 
piu'lit  ye.irs  rednceil  to  fiiur  jier  cent.  During  tin;  next  six  years 
they  ennhl  pay  iin  ili\'iilenil  at  all,  anil  for  tliu  rouiainin^  ei;;ht 
years  liny  cniihl  (lay  only  f  lur  per  cent. 

Ill  the  year  lH'JI.a  iininn  liel ween  the  Ninth  Western  ami  llml- 
son's  llav  t'iini]iany  took  place.  I'mler  the  title  ot  ihe  l.isl-nann'il 
the  proprietary  were  calleil  up'in  to  pay  tlmi  ]ier  cent,  upon  their 
cnpitill,  which,  with  the  stock  in  tiaile  of  holli  parties  in  the 
cnuntry,fnrnieilaea|iitalslnck  "!'  C  101 1,11(111,  on  wliieli  f  iiir  p  reeiil. 
iliviileml  was  paid  in  the  years  IS2I  In  I  sj  I,  ami  from  il.it    li.e 

lialf  yearly  dividemls  ol  live  pereenl.  tn  IsJS;  Ir istjs  in  ls:ij. 

n  dividend  nf  live  jier  cent,  with  !i  1>  iins  nt  ten  ;ii'  cent.  Wi.s 
paid;  and.  frnm  I.H:t2  tn  IH:t7,  a  dividend  nf  fniir  per  cent  ,  wii,: 
an  avera;je  Iioniis  nf  six  per  ceiii.  The  ilisiiilmtimi  it\'  pinliis  i., 
the  shareholii.rs  lor  the  years  1SI7  to  ls.",li,  hoth  inelusiM',  \.as 
us  lolliiws:  lM7l's|'.l,  lell  per  eelil .  per  alinilni  ;  IS.'ill,  Inenly 
per  cnit.  )iei  annnui,  of  w  hicii  ten  ]iri  cent,  was  adile'l  In  s  m-i, ; 
in  isril,  ten  pel  cent.:  in  l.S.',2,  lirieeii  per  cee.l.,nf  wliicli  live  pet- 
cent,  was  added  tn  stock  ;  in  IH.'il  I11  IS.MJ,  ten  [ler  cent,  per 
uniinin  dividend.  Of  -tiS  I'loprieinrs  in  .Inly,  Is.'iti,  lull  have  pnr- 
cliiiseil  their  stuck  at  fmni  L'^ii  In  J  10  per  eeiit. 

'I'la'  capital  einployed  liy  ihe  ilndson's  Hay  Cnuipinv  is  as 
fnlln«s:-.rillie  1st,  Isr.li.  aiiiiiuiit  nf  a-sets,  f  l.'lliM.ltlll   IMv    ■.'„/.■ 

Hini'iint  nf  liahilities,  ,t2o;),;;;t;i  iiiv.  ]!■/.;  c.ipital,  tl .:;ii.'i,;iii7 
li)v.  4'/.,  ciaisisliiiir  of  stock  sl.nidin;;  in  the  name  of  the  pro- 
prietors; i","illO,|i(lll  valuation  of  Ihe  ('.impaiiy's  kinds  and 
Imililin^s,  exclusive  of  V.'incmner  Island  and  Or,  u'on,  tHlS.ss  1 
12.f.   S.L:    aninuni    expended  nii   tn    lliih    .<epieiijiii  r,   IS.".!!,    in 


senditivr   iniiiers  and  laho  irers  In  \'aiieon\er   Isl.md,  in    the 


mines,  and  olhi'r  oli|ecls  nf  eolonisatinn,  e)[cill^i\e  ot' the  Iradin.: 
estahlishiiienls  of  tlie  Cninpany,  and  which  amount  will  lie  re- 
pavaliU?  hy  (tnveriinieiit  if  pnssessinn  of  the  island  is  restinu'd. 
i'H7,071  ^*«.  I!'/  ;  amount  invested  in  Tort  Victoria  and  oMnr 
estidilislinients  and  posts  in  X'ancoiivcr  Island,  esiiniatid  at 
t7'''i,IX)0:  anioinit  paid  to  the  Karl  of  .-Selkirk  for  lied  Kiver 
.-ctlleinint,  L'HI.lll  IS.v.  ,'1./,  Properly  ami  investments:  'I'he 
lerritnry  .ill  ln>;on,  ceded  In  Ihi'  I'nitcd  Slules  liy  the  tlcaly  nf 
IHKi,  which  are  secured  tn  the  Company  as  |insse-soiy  riidits 
under  the  treaty,  i;i,UUO,olH)  stcrlii'ii,',  .t2iHI,UUtr;  total, 
tl,2l!r),0(!7  l!l.«.  1./. 

'flic  nlliiirs  of  llic  Hudson's  Hay  Company  are  manured  by  a 
^nvernnr-in-chicl,  sixteen  ehii  f  f  iclnrs,  twenty-nine  eliief  traders 
live  sur^rcniis,  eighty  se\eii  el,  rks,  six'y-seven  jiitstinaslcrs,  twelve 
liniidied  iii'riiianent  servanis  nf  ditfei-eiit  ranks,  consisiini:  ot' 
vnVai:eurs  and  servants.  The  fotal  number  of  persnus  in  tli 
emplny  of  the  lludsnn's  Hay  Cninpany  is  idinut  It.OOIi.  >ii' 
lii'nrtre  Siinpsnn  bas  been  (tovirnnr  nf  the  llii.lson's  Hay 
Coaipiiny  lor  forty  years.  He  exercises  a  ^rcneral  supervi'inn 
nver  tbe  Companv's  atfaiis.  presides  at  their  cnuiieils  in  tlie 
cnnntry,  and  has  the  ]'riiii  ipal  ilireeti'iii  nf  the  wbnle  interior 
nainajrenient  in  N'nrtli  .Vnieriea.  The  ;rovi'i'nor  is  assisted  by  a 
council  of  each  of  the  twn  ilep.u'tnients  imo  which  the  terrilniy  is 
divided. 

'fhe  scut  nf  council  for  the  northern  de|iarlinenl  is  at  Norway 
llnllse,  en  I.ake  \\"innipe>r  ;  liir  the  snuthern  depart llient  ill 
Micbiwicuthuii,  Luke  Superior,  Muuse  I'actorv,  or  Junes'  Hay. 


'I'he  ('nuneil  ennsists  nf  the  chief  ciifieers  of  the  Company,  tlip 
chief  fa.'Inrs  lieiiii.'  cr-n/V./'i)  nienihei'H  nf  the  cMimeil.  'I  b.ir 
deliheralinns  are  eomliiel.d  in  private.  'I'lie  sixliili  eliii  f  fael'.rs 
are  in  chartre  of  ililfi  rent  districts  in  tbe  ten  iloiy.  and  a  certain 
niimher  nt  them    llssi'mhle    every    year    at     .\nrw:,y   llnllse,  fnr  the 

northern  department,  t;eiierally  iiboiit  the  iniilille  of  ,lime,  to 
meet  the  poeriiorund  Iran.saet  business.  Sevi  n  chief  factors, 
Willi  Ihe  u'oveinor,  fnnii  a  ipiniaim  ;  but  if  a  Millicient  innnber 
of  I  ln' higher  r.ml,   nf  niPi.-eis  are  not   iiiesent,  a  i|unriini  is  est«. 

lllisheil  by   the  adlllissinu  nf  chief  I  rildels. 

Ihe  llndsoii's  Hay  CompanCs  operat inns  extend  iint  onlv  over 
Ihal  pari  nt  North  .\nieriea  eall.d  Hupert's  Land  and  the  indiaii 
lernlnry,  but  ,ilsn  over  [  art  of  Camidii,  Xewf  1111111111111,  ( Irepni, 
liusMan  America,  and  tbe  Sandwich  Isles  'finis  the  np.raiion.s 
of  the  Hudson's    Hay    Coinpany    extend    over  lerriinns    whnso 

inllaliitan!-      iwe    lllleuiallee    In    three    dlllirellt     and    iliih'pelidellt 

j  t;overiiniinls -Hrilish,  li'iistiini,  and  the  rnitid  States.  'I  hese 
:  iminen.se  teriiinries,  exereilini.'  I,,"iiii i,ii(lii  M|uaH'  mile-  in  ar.  a,  are 
divided,  fnr  the  cxeliisiM'  piirpnsis  nf  the  lur  trade,  inln  four 
I  il.|iarlments  and  thirty  three  dislricls,  in  which  are  iiielinleil  one 
hiimired  and  lifty-twn  posis,  comnianiliii).'  the  .servici  of  three 
thoiisand  a;."  Ills,  traders,  Mivapiirs,  and  servants,  hi  sidi's  ^'iving 
nccasiniial  or  eoustalit  einplity  nieiit  to  about  one  hundred  Ihnlisallil 
.saviiL'i'  Indian  hnnters.  Aniicd  vessels,  hnih  s^jhu^r  and  steam, 
iiie  eiii|iloy,d  on  the  North  West  (.'nasi  to  carry  mi  the  fur  trade 
with  the  warlike  niilinns  of  that  distant  rcjrion.  More  llnin 
Iweiiiy  yiars  aj.'o  tbe  trade  of  tbe  North  Wist  Coast  gave 
eir|iloyiiieiit   to  liboiil  one   tlinus.iiid   men,  nccniiyiii;.'  twenly-nne 

pel ueiit  eslabli.shmeiiis.  or  I  matred    in  navi-aliiiu'   live  an 1 

sailinj.'-vis.els  and  nne  arnie.l  steamer,  viryiii'_'  Ironi  mie  liiindied 
In  ti'i'ic  hundred  Inns  l.iirlheii.  History  ifies  not  fnrnisb  am'ihir 
example  nf  an  assiicialion  of  privale  imliviiluals  ixertinL-  a 
poueilul  iiillnence  nver  so  lai'ije  an  extent  of  ihe  earth's  siirtaee. 
and  aibninisleriie,'  ibiir  alVairs  with  sneh  eousiiniinale  skill  ,ilid 
iinwavirii:..-  devotion  to  ilie  oiii^inal  obj.vis  of  their  ineorpoiaii'  n. 
In  form,  r  days  the  llialson's  Hay  Company  used  to  reaen  the 
Heil  Hivii  Seltlement  by  Ihe  naindabom  roiiteof  Ilinlson's  Hay 
ami  lip  Ihe  York  river.  This  was  ilone  tn  ]iiivenl  thi  :;rialer 
cniiininincalion    between  tbe    Canailas  and    iiiipert's    Lands— it 

lieiiig  we.l  iindi'i  stood  that  as  so s  the  I'MlLdi-h,  tli.'  Caliailians, 

or  the  .Alnericalis,  lueanie  elilt;lilemd  on  the  subject  nf  the 
linilh.rn  |i..~S' sslons.  compelli-l  In  baiharisin  and  ilesolatinn  by 
thai  Cianpaiiy,  that  their  rii;ht  would  be  ipieslinnid  and  their 
}inwei'  at  niice  explnded.  This  lias  happened,  at  last,  within  the 
past  U'ti  \ears  niily,  ami  a  ri';^ion  as  lar;;e  as  the  west  nt  l-^iiropo 
has  been  triveii  to  the  biimaii  race.  One  mass  nt  land  iiloiie,  tiu 
Saskalchewan  and  Hid  liiver  district,  amniiiits  to  :!IMi.0l  10  acres! 
Meant iine,  while  eirjineels,  and  leu'islatnrs,  and  travellers  ar.'aiu'l- 
illi;  I  be  Inerils  of  le-peelive  mule-,  in  place  nf  al  nniea.l  iplili;:  to 
present  exi-.:enei.s  some  one  of  the     iii  lines  (a-  wi^.  ly  rieonnneliilell 

hy  Professor  Hind),  a  Pickfnrd  nf  the  far  West  iias  slaried  anil 
pinneeredlhe  way.  At  tbe  present  moment,  Mr,  Hnrbaiik's  enniplo- 
leeut  ot  one  hlindred  wa:.'i;olls,  in  bri;raili's  nf  twenty -live  eacii,  iirC 
runniin.'  from  St.  Paul,  the  existinir  lead  of  iiavi;;ali.iii  in  Ihe  Mis- 
sissippi   to  I  ie'.rL'i'town.  on  Ked  Hiver,  eonvi  y  inu:  the  liei;:hi  of  the 
llononi.ilile  Ilinlson's  Hay  t'ompaiiy,  lor  whici.  seiviee   Mr    Hiir- 
baiik  It, I-  a  C'lntracl  lor  live  yetrs,  wherebv  he  is  biitn.l  li  carry 
■  live  bniidred  lieis  annually  lor  that  period.     Iliiriii;:  the  period  nf 
naviiratinn,  Ibe  di-taneo  bi'lweeti  >t.  Paul  and    I'nrt   (i.rryis  ac- 
cnmplislied  in  nine  days,  six  ila,\ s  bein^  reipiired   to  tiavel  frnm 
St.  Paul  In  (li'nr|.'elnwn,  on    Keil    Hiver,  in    stau'e-eoaches,  and 
I  tlnee  llav  s  by  steamer   fiom    I  icrtretow  n    In    l'".trt    (ia.'ry.     'fhe 
stieci'-s  attendant  uiinn   this  ex|'eiiimnl    bas  been   so  ^'reat    that 
Hiiihatik  and  Co.  were  exjiecteil  In  have  nn  the  same  line,  nn  and 
1  after  .lime  1,  ISIltl,   lifleen    f  .iir-linrse  Cnneniil  coachis,  makitii; 
'  regularly  tri-weekly  trips  frnm  St.  Clniid,  seventy-live  milesabnve 
!  SI.  Paul,  nn  the  .Mississipjii,  In  IJenrL'elovvii,  iliree  hundred  miles 
I  larlher  iiorlh-west  on  Hid  Hivi  r,  hrsides  one  buiidred  traiisporia- 
j  lion  waiTirons.     l-'rom  lieor;:i  town   the  coninelion  with   Selkirk 
S'llliMiiciil    was  to  be  by   steam.      Hy   the   A'or'- ICfi/cr,  da'ed 
l"ot  t  liairy  ,1  nne  20,  ISliO,   we  learn  that    tin'  Ansuit  Sorthrup 
steaimr  ascendt'd  Ued  Kiver  to  tieor^rctown,  and  returned  to  Fort 
( iinv .  ill  II  little  nver  seven  days.      If    is  expected   that,  as  tl.'v 
in  ji''i.inie  ol  this  line  of  coinniiiiiic.it  ion  pr'iiicss.  s.   the  jniirnev 
vv        •   111  de  with  liorseH  ami  stago-coiiclies  tbruii;;hniit  the  winter 
10. hv  the  biiiniiu'r  road. 


m 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORu.. 


\i     )i 


I! 


!  I 


n.  ii 


':  i  ; 


civilisiiliciii,  nro  alike  conrprned  in  such  pxplimitiona. 
Uiiyoinl  l.owrr  and  Upper  Caiiala,  witii  tlio  ox.'i'ption 
of  tilt'  stni;;u''>nj,'  Miiliiiiciit  dm  tin'  KcmI  ItivtT,  no 
propM'ss    lias   lircii   niailu  (o    tin-  wislwanl  over  since 


ports,  and,  without  broiiking  l)nlk,  land  t^iip  carjfowi 
at  F(irt  Williatn  tiir  less  than  one  t'.t'tieth  part  of  the 
cost  involv  I  iluriiig  the  period  wlien  tin-  North-Wes' 
Company  liecuniu  u  ])owert'iil,  wealthy,  and  influential 


I'O.'t,  when  the  lands  discovered  liy  Seliiistiau  Cahot  i  hody. 
wore  tiiially  (('(led  to  tho  liritish.  'i'ruo  that  tin?  Thi!  coinjiletion  of  Sanlt  Sainte  Marie  ( 'anal  ( I ,',  niilo 
Nortli-Wistirii  t'onipany  have  formed  settlements,  hut  '  in  length,  70  feet  wide  at  holtom,  and  ll'  feet  ileep),  in 
it  was  llnir  oltject  to  keep  the  country  a  huntinj^-  May,  Itj,")"),  estjihlisheil  an  nniiLterrupte<I  w  iter  eoni- 
jiround  fur  p:iiiiled  savages.  'I'liere  have  heen  adven-  \  nninication  for  sea  going  vessels  hetweeii  l,i'.:e  Superior 
tnrnus  travelleis  ami  zealous  missionaries  who  have  [  and  the  ocean.  The  tir>t  ship  which  sailed  from  Chicago 
traversed  thr.-.e  lands,  and  these  may  .jnstly  lay  claim  I  to  Liverpool  was  the  Dcaii  /lif/iiiioin/,  in  liS.'id  ;  since 
to  having  heen  tin-  pioneers  of  existing  things,  hut  j  that  peviixl  the  nundier  of  sea  going  vi's,sels  from  tliH 
U])  to  recent  times  little  real  progress  has  heen  nnide  I  Upper  l,ake  ])<prts  has  heen  incivasing  with  gieat  icgu- 

— nothing  that  will  fnr  a  moment  company  with  tho  |  lafity.  The  trade  of  !.,d;e  Superior  is  also  hecoming 
niagnituile  of  the  interests  involved,  and  the  houndicss  t  of  unex]iccted  importance.  In  lii'iU,  hetwcen  tho  1st 
)iromise  to  tho  future   held   out  hy  those  vast  regions,  |  dav  of  Juno  ami  tin"  1st  of  Novemher,  the  value  of  tlio 


ns  yet  unclaimed  hy  civilised  man.  It  is  not  only 
that  the  valleys  of  tho  gi-eat  i-ivers  above  mi'utioneii, 
the  far-spreading  wood  and  lake  <listriets,  and  the 
iiiamdlcss  nu'adows  that  roll   hctween  them,  all  teem 


dill'erent  articles  which  ]iassed  through  St.  Mary'sCanal 
amounted  to  ."i,7n;?,4il.'i  dollars,  and  the  numher  of  pas- 
.sengers  to  11,02:.'.  Fifteen  years  since  tlnei'  sciiipoiM'rs 
constituted  the  entire  tlect  engaged  in  thi'  LnkeSuperior 


with  o|ieniiigs  to  tlill'erent  hranchcs  of  industry —  '  trade.  Tho  numher  of  ves.scls  which  jiassed  tlii'ough 
tisliing,  hunting,  timher-euttiug,  cattle  hreeding,  and  St.  ]\Iary's  Canal,  in  the  sea.son  of  ItSaS  and  lS."i|l,  weri', 
a','ricidtnre,  with  ro.id-making,  ho\ise-liuilding,  and  the  ,  rospoctively,  443  and  647,  with  a  tonnage  of  14U,3()7, 
thou.saiid-and-(jne  wants  of  civilised  lite  ;  it   is  that  a     and  304,8l!0. 

new  route  presents  itself  through  these  neglected  j  Tho  whole  length  of  this  long  navigation  is  2,();iO 
realms  hy  which  to  encircle  the  glohe,  and  wliether  I  miles,  divided  thus;  Anticoste  to  (Juelice,  41<lniiles; 
our  ste.imers  |, lough  tho  ocean  fiom  British  t'olumhia  to  Moutr4>al,  TdlO  miles;  to  Ijuhiue  Canal,  ;V,IS  I  miles  ; 
to  Xew  Zealand  and    Australia,  or  to  .lapin,   China.)  to  lleanharuais  Canal,   (')14  miles;  to  Cornwall   Canal, 


India,  and  the  Cape  ;  or  whether  Russia,  progressing 
eastw.ird,  will  hriiig  the  >alley  of  the  Amoor  into 
eouimercial  communication  with  that  of  the  Frazcr 
lti\er,  and  thus  p.ive  the  way  to  tiio  iron  rail  and 
steam  hridgcvs  which  shall  girdle  the  whole  glohe  in 
iheir  emiirace  ;  still  it  is  ipiite  cert.iin  that  not  onlv  is 
civilisation  mirching  from  ICast  to  West,  Imt  that 
lirili.sh  N'tu'th  Anu'riea  is  the  real  availaMe  liuo  (h  iw- 
evir  long  neuleeted)  ofcoinmunication  lielw-een  Western 
JMM'ope  and  the  I'acilic  Oi'eiu  ;  and  when  we  conu'  to 
tliirik  tli.it  in  ende.ivouriug  to  re:dise  any  such  a  do- 
sir.ilile  solution  of  a  Ion;;  peiidin;;  i|Uestion,  we  are  also 


(i'ij  miles;  to  Farrais  I'oint  (.'anal,  (i7.'ij  ndles;  to 
liapid  I'lat  Canal,  (ISM  mih's  ;  to  Foint  lro(piois  Canal, 
<J1>'.I}  miles;  to  Calops  Canal,  714.',  miles;  to  F.akc,' 
Ontario,  "(i'i  miles;  to  AVelland  Canal,  l.dlli  mihs; 
to  Lako  Erie.  1,041  miles;  to  J)etroit  Itiver,  l.L'f'O 
miles;  to  Ijjiko  St.  Clair  Kiver.  St.  Clair,  and  Lake 
Huron,  ],3i').')  ndles  ;  to  KiverSt.  Mary,  l,■")^(l  miles  ;  to 
St.  Mary's  (Janal,  ],(i.jll  miles  ;  J.ake  Su]iericpr  to  Fort 
William',  1,910  miles;  Superior  City,  ■J.O'M)  ndles! 
With  the  single  exception  of  St.  Mary's  Canal,  all  the 
great  puhlie  wdrks  which  havp  lieeii  contrived  and 
exei-uti'il    for  the    purpose   of  reducing   the  olistacles  to 


ad\ancing   at   every  single    step    taken    the    material  :  "uinti'rrupted    navigation   hetwcen  the  great  lakes  iind 


progress 
AniericM, 


pf  (ireat  Ihitain,  Canada,  Central  i'.riti^h 
auil  liritish  Columlji.i,  extemliug  co|oiiis:i- 
tion,  bringing  new  land  and  m-w  territorial  resources 
unilcr  contrilmtion.  auil  suhjei-ting  new  natural  lines 
of  land  and  Ihiviatile  coumnniicatiou  to  hear  upon 
some  main  ariery  of  transii  —  it  must  ho  felt  that  the 
impiu-tance  of  the  ipii'slions  thus  involved  arc  only 
equalled  hy  their  vastness.  j 

From  the  Atlantic  seaboard  theconununication  across 
is  already  li.ilf  elhu/teil. 

The  pre.sent  position  of  Lake  Superior  and  its  tribu- 


tlie  oceau,  lie  in  the  Can.idian  territory,  and  are  under 
the  control  of  the  Canadian  government.  Ottawa,  tho 
futine  capital  of  Canada,  is,  it  is  to  be  observed,  upon 
this  line  of  eommunieation,  as  also  what  will  ho  an 
undoulited  improvement  upon  this  line,  and  will,  when 
compleli'd,  connect  the  whole  into  a  tirst-cla-ss  navi- 
gation for  ve.s.sels  di'awing  twelve  feel  of  water. 

Nor  is  the  comuiei'ci'  of  the  lake-'  on  the  AnuTican 
side  increasing  wiih  less  niarvelloiis  r.ipidity  ;  3,011;') 
steamers  pa.ssed  \\\i  from  J.ake  Krie  to  Lake  Huron 
ami  hetroit,   in    LSoD  ;  and  3,1-1    passed   down.     'J'ho 


tiiries.  It  is  to  b{!  observed,  in  relation  to  .Montreal  and  greatest  nundier  up  in  a  single  day  was  So;  down,  73. 
the  Atlantic  .seaboard,  is  wholly  changed  since  tho  l.)etroit  statistics  show  that  .')  steanurs,  7  propellers, 
period  when  tin;  old  Xoi'tli-West  Conipanv,  establishe<I  ]  4  baiipu's,  7  brigs,  and  )*■'>  schooners,  wcii'  nmro  or  less 
in  17i'^3,  and  amalgamated  with  the  Ifudson  IJav  (Join-  '  engaged  m  the  J.akc!  Sn|ierior  trade  dni'ng  the  s.iiiio 
paiiy  in  1H:.'1,  maintained  large  establisliiueiits  at  Fort  i  year.  F'orty  vessels  leftduring  the  si'ason  n>r  Kiiropcaii 
U'illiam  and  Fort  Charlotte,  on  the  I'igeon  Itiver  (now  [  and  outward  Jiort.s. 

the  boundary  line  <if  Jhiiish  America,  and  of  the'  I'uiti'd  \  We,  however,  have  not  only  no  regular  interi'ommuni- 
States  territories  oil  Lake  Superior),  and  .some  tliirtv-  ' '"■'tion  between  Canada  and  Central  Lritish  America, 
five  miles  in  a  south-west  diri'otion  t'rom  the  moulhsof  no  roads  even  ti'aced  out  along  tho  north  shores  iif  Lake.-) 
the  Kaministoqiioiah  Kiver.  Jn tliosedavsof i  aiioe  trans-  Huron  and  Su|ii'rior,  hut  we  liave  not  e\en  any  regular 
Jiort.  merchandis(>  was  conveyed  uji  the  Ottawa,  ucro.ss  summer  communication  with  the  Red  R'ver  Scttlonitait 
the  heiglit  of  land  to  Lake  Huron,  thence  by  tho  north     by  rivor  or  hike  navigation.' 

shore  of  Lake  Superior  to  Fort  William,  the  start  in"- '       "^ 

Jioint  of  th-j  long  iournev  into  the  creat  interior  valleys  '  Within  tlir  tcrritery  of  the  CTntcil  Slatis,  tliccnuntr.ybftwoen 
.,f   1J...I   I';,/.,..    .l'„  <     i"   .    1  1     1       »c      1         :      I  I.iilii' SiiiiiTiiir  lUid  the  vuUev  iif  ilif  .MisMssiiipi  iireseiits  no  ililli- 

ot  I  Ml  J.iver,  the  Saskatchewan,  and  the  Mackenzie.  ,„i,ies  fjr  thecnslniction  of  a  milniml.  ■fl.ev.lley  nf  thr  Mi.- 
in  tliese  clays  siiips  can  s.ul  liuin  huiojican  or  Atlantic  [  Blssiinii  is  iu  ilirccl  ciiiuumiiiaitiou  with  that  of  tho  Kod  Kiver  ol 


FROM  TUB  ATLANTIC  TO  THE  PACIFia 


888 


Now  there  aro  thrco  stagos.  Ttio  fir.st  from  tlio  '  stiirtcj  in  cliiiBe,  I  following  him.  lie  snnn  got  a  shot  at 
Atlantic  to  liakn  Siipt'tior,  wliicli  \vc  liiivo  shown  to  ho  the  huiir,  who  HumimI  idiiml,  ihiwfil  »t  the  wmind,  gavea 
alreaily  at  our  ilisposiil  ;  the  si'c'ond  I'loni  l.iiki' Snpciioi'  saviijiu  i;rnwl,  .unl  rin  into  one  ot  llmx' littlo  ulunips 
to  thu  Ki'tl  Uivor  Colony  ;  ami  tho  thinl  iVoin  tho  lit'il  whitli  :ilwiiy->  niMik  u  wiilciroiir.st'  in  llic  hilly  coMiitry. 
Hivcr  Colony  to  tho  Kooky  Mountains.  We  will  now  I  look  the  lilh-  iij^ain,  loaili'il,  and  pui>.ni'd  ihf  rnciny 
pfoci'od  to  show  what  lia.s  hiTii  done  or  i.s  doing  in  light  into  ihe  ihinip,  in  spite  of  thu  ivmon.'-triinces  of 
rcspoc't  to  facilitating  tho  accoinplishniont  of  tlicso  l»iiiipliin.  iind  gelling  a  sight  of  him  tirst,  gave  him  a 
routes.  linishiiig  ^liot  lietween  eyi^  and  ear.      Although  he  was 

Imt  a  young  hear,  only  in  his  third  year,  it  was  with 
great  dillieulty  that  wo  eoiild  drag  him  (ait  ;  he  mea- 
sured hve  fell  fcair  inehes  frimi  the  rump  to  tho 
muz/le,  anil  his  elaws  were  three  inehes  and  three- 
(luarteis  long.  Had  he  heen  fully  grown,  and  posses.sed 
of  that  amount  of  eouragi^  and  lerority  with  which 
tlu'  old  grizzly  hears,  hoth  male  and  feinale,  are  en- 
dowed, it  Would  certainly  have  fared  hadly  with  U9 
that  day.  However,  we  skinned  our  prize  with  gieat 
satisfaction,  and  I  was  exceedingly  iilea.std  with  the 
]iluck  and  daring  of  my  companion,  who  had  heen 
twice  (  hargcd  hy  the  Inar,  and  wliu.so  [lislol  had  twico 
snapped. 

•'The  grizzly  hear  is  an  animal  very  littlo  known   in 
this    country,    the    damp    climate    of  which    does  not 
agree   with   him.     The  cc  hliraUil  Catlin  hrought  over 
olio  or    two  .specimens  ;  hut  they   met   with  tho  fate 
which    almost    invariahly    iittends   pets — an    untimely 
end  !      Tla  re    are  now   some   s|iecimens  of  tho  grizzly 
hear  at   the   Zoological  (jardens  of  the  Itegeiit's   I'aik, 
hut   I  fear   they  do  not  piomij-e  well  ;  they  are  not  at- 
taining the  size  to  which  their  age  entitles  them.      ']"hc 
grizzly  hear  is  iioetieally  and  justly  calliil  tho  monarch 
ot  the  Kocky  Mountains,  a  name  to  which  his  size  aid 
ferocity  fully  eiilitle  him.  as   he  roams  o\cr  these  vast 
solitmles  fearless  of  everything.     'J'he  full-grown  male 
nua.sures   eight  feet   si.\   imhcs  from    muzzlo  to  stern, 
and  ahont  that  si/.o   liamd  the  hody  ;  liis   feet  are  in 
shape    something  like  those  of  a  negro,  and  are  ahout 
eighteen    inehes  in   length,  armed  with  claws  lully  live 
inches  long  ;   his  arms  and  h  g>  are  enonmaisly  puwei- 
fiil,  and  as  he   walks  ami  trots  he  moves  the  hind  and 
fore  loot  tog<-lhcr  on  the  .wiine  side,  anil  lolls  his  head 
at  every  step.      In   colour  he  varies  a  good  deal  from  a 
ciimniiui  hrowii  to  a  heautilul  steel   gray,      lie  dilleis 
materially   from    the  common  hrowii   hear  in  the  size 
and  shape  of  iho   head,  which   is  much  larger,  and  hImi 
ill  the  foi'c  legs,  which  are   not  only  much  stouter,  hiil 
covered    with    very   strong  wiry  hlack   hair,  while  his 
claws  are  much  longer  and  stronger   than  tho.so  of  the 
hrown  hear.      Naturalists  are  divided   in  their  oiiinion 
as  to  whether  the  grizzly  hear  climiis  trees  or  not  ;  1  \it 
I  am  perlcctlv  convinced  that  he  dm  s  not.     Jlen  iiave 

^  l,^ 


II.— THE  WAY  TO  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS. 

Captain  Pali.iskr  ia  well  known  as  "  Tho  Solitary 
lluntef"  to  all  who  lovo  tli'  adventiirouM,  from  the 
recitals  of  his  oxporienco  in  a  shooting  excursion  up 
tlio  Mi.ssoiiri  to  St.  lioni.s,  and  thoiico  to  lAirt  Ver- 
million, Fort  Union,  and  tho  b'orts  of  tlu!  Yellow  Sloiio 
River,  in  tho  AssineTi'riitory.  It  was  in  this  country 
that  hewaatho  hero  of  the  following  ventiinais  exploit : 

"  Next  day  (t.'aptain  i'alliser  was  at  the  time  decrih- 
ing  tho  Missouri  l^iver)  was  .so  windy  that  wo  could  not 
continue  our  descent,  so  t  wont  out  to  look  fa-  Idaek- 
tailed  doer  in  littli;  thickets  of  hrushwood  on  tin! 
old  rod  siimlstono  hills  ahout  tho  luoiilh  of  the  Knife 
River.  I  shot  a  fine  huck,  and  was  hiisy  skinning  it, 
when  I  hoard  '  Monsieur,  rmu-z  ici  .' '  loudly  shouted. 
I  looked  up,  and  just  .saw  the  tiguro  of  Dauphin  vanish 
over  tho  hrow  of  a  hill  ;  of  course  I  follo\v(ul  with  my 
loaded  rifle,  and  on  reaching  tho  summit,  hehcid  a 
boar  standing  on  his  hind  legs  and  staring  ahout  him 
in  every  direction,  while  Dauphin,  concealed  from  his 
view  hy  a  rock,  was  industriously  snapping  his  pistol 
at  him.  On  seeing  me  tho  hrnte  shutHed  olf  ,it  a  great 
pace  ;  hut  when  I  came  up  with  Dauphin,  the  latter, 
imitating  tho  croaking  of  a  hiill'alo  calf,  hroiight  him 
hack  again  a  little  way,  so  that  1  got  a  shot  at  him, 
and  hit  him  in  tho  tlank,  though,  hlown  as  I  was  hV 
my  a.sceut,  I  oonld  hardly  hold  my  hreath  to  take  aim. 
Tlie  hear  clawed  at  the  spot  where  tho  hall  struck  him, 
and  charged  up  to  within  twenty  paces  of  us.  whih,'  I 
Was  reloading,  whereupon  Dauphin  snapped  his  pistol 
again  at  him  without  elfcct.  Fortun.itely  for  us, 
liriiin  was  only  a  two-year  old,  and  afraid  to  ru^h  in, 
though  largo  enough  to  have  smashed  lioth  of  us, 
defoncoloss  as  wo  wore  at  the  moment,  and.  hoforc!  I 
could  yiit  oil  my  percussiou-ca|),  holtod  over  the  hrow 
of  tho  hill.  I  was  still  so  llioroughly  hlown  from  my 
run  over  the  rocky  ground  that  I  gave  up  my  heavy 
ritlo  to  Dauphin,  who  threw  down  tho  useless  pistol  and 


tho  north  by  tnivi'lleil  roads,  so  that  the  iipproich  to  tlio  valU'v  of" 
Lake  \Viimi|ii'j;  I'riiin  tlie  lu'iiil  nt'  Lake  Superior  is  niilv  a  ((iiislinii 
ol'liim',  and  will  not  involve  any  C'in>iilcml)le  iiatlay  "  liiMi  the 
iiiTi'ssitii'S  of  tlai  coiaitry,  or  orcoaiaaTci',  remlor  the  opening  of 
this  liiif  i,rcoininuniaitioii  ,1,'sirahlf.  Kettle  Itiver,  llowiuj  into 
the  St.  Croix,  a  Iriliutary  ol'  llie  Missi.ssippi,  i.isu,'S  Ironi  a  snnill 
lake  not  twenty  niile-i  I'roni  Luke  Suporior,  and  tln'  di>lan(V  of  the 
navigable  pi)riiini  «>f  the  .Mississippi,  adjoining  Sandy  Lake,  is 
m-areely  forty-tive  inile.-i  from  Fond  dvi  Lac.  The  Mississippi  is 
said  to  lie  navigable  li)r  steamers  of  lii;lit  dr.iui;lit  from  Crow's  Win;; 
to  beyond  tliis  jHiint,  and  Crow's  Wini;  is  IHO  miles  from  St.  I'iinl 
hy  the  travelled  n>ad  and  less  than  lliO  miles  in  an  air  line  from 
Suiwrior  City.  St.  I'aal  and  Crow's  W'im;  will  soon  he  eomu-etcd 
l)y  II  niilwi'.y.  A  lar^'e  (Minioa  of  the  heavy  work  on  this  line  is 
completed,  and  if  no  nnt'oreseen  evenis  tH-enr,  the  eonncetlon  will 
have  bieii  estiihlisbed  lief  ire  the  piihlieation  of  this  narrative. 
The  eoiistraetion  of  a  plank  mud  hetween  Superior  City  and  Crow's 
Wing  18  alroiidy  in  eontemiilation,  ami  the  route  is  even  now 
occasionally  travelled.  It  will  nodoulil  become  of  LTcat  eoinnier- 
cial  importunce  to  the  repion  of  the  I'pper  Mississippi  and  its 
nuincrous  tributaries ;  and  it  is  not  iinproliable  that  iis  inllaeiiee 
niiiy  rapidly  extend  to  other  watersheds,  viz.,  these  of  liaiiiy  l!i\  er, 
Ked  Kiver,  iiml  tho  Siukutuhewun. 


told  ino  of  escapes  they  have  had  from  tlielii 
aseciiding  trees;  and  oin'  traii]i(r  named  .loo  Vie 
told  me  that  he  once  had  a  mocassin  torn  idf  his  font 
while  in  tho  act  of  escaping  up  a  tree,  hy  tho  stroke 
of  the  ponderous  pi",  of  a  grizzly  hear,  which,  how- 
ever, w:us  iinahle  to  follow  him,  and  sat  for  a  eonsidcr- 
ahlo  time  at  the  foot  of  the  tree  watching  for  hiui  to 
come  down." 

Another  advonturc— Caiitain  ralliser's  second— 
with  the  grizzly  hear,  was  not  so  sucicssful  or  satis- 
factory.     This  occurred  in  the  Turtle  Mountains. 

"  Houcharvillc's  (piick  eye  ]iereeived,  under  the  clitls, 
ahoiit  ;it(0  feet  helow,  a  doe  elk,  feeding  in  a  glade 
surrounded  with  thickets  cd' fruit  trees  ami  rose  hushes. 
With  his  Usual  doliheraliou  he  drew  out  and  struck 
cr.isswise  in  tho  ground  his  ramrnd  and  loading  stick 
lor  a  rest,  and  a  deliherate  shot  hrought  the  elk   down 


.1«4 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


on  liiT  tr.irks.  Tln'  spot  frmu  wliiili  In'  linl  liii'il  wns  I  Id  tc.if  lii-<  clodK's,  niiil  cut  liiiii  willi  liis  sliiirp  'laWH. 
H(i  sti'c'|i  tliiit  wo  wi'i-i' iililii;i'il  til  turn  li'nk  iiii'l  tal<i'  ii  I  liiii|iliiii  li:i>l  liii'tiiiiali'ly  pruv  iilr<l  liiiiisrif  willi  ii  ^nml 
iiiiii'i'  firciiiliiiis  ciiiirsi'  to  11'  ii'li  liiT.     riniii'liiii'villi',  wlm  '  lliick  ulii'U  ;   Imt ,  imlvs  illistiiiiiliii;,'  llii.s   mUiiiiliiKr,   In' 


wiis  riylil  i,'!  Ill  I"  i'iliiii|iii>li  till'  li;,'lil,  mill  Inivi'  it  a 
ill'awii  IkiIiIi'  AI  mil'  lliiir,  lii'  tnlil  iiii'.  Ills  ihIvi'I'miiv 
liml  M'riiri'il  Ills  |i'!,',  nml  vrry  iinirly  siirrri'ilril  in  iIiiil; 
i^'iiiL,'  it  III  Ills  liiiiiilli,  ill  vvlilrli  I'M'iit  III'  wiiiilil  liiivi'  liini 
llilll  M'M'I'i'ly,  wlirll  :l  cillllili'  111'  llMI'il  Mows  nil  till'  liciT 
lliailc  llilll  Irt  an  Ills  lliilil.  lillt  Hilly  (ii  IrlMW  Ills  i  ll.ll'jji' 
ii.i;niii  mill  m<;;uii,  iiiitwillishiihliii<{  ri'iinitcil  lliwiirk^  mi 
till' lii'ul  IVmii  till'  yninm  liiinlrr's  slirk.  '  /:'t,  Moiixii  m;' 
rnliliiiilril  I  )Mii{>liili,  'riijlii  I'/c.s/  iv/((i/i/i(',  /<•«'(•;'('  jnfil 
t'lil'iiit  ihi  ili'ihl,'  ."  Till'  ^kiM  111'  liliiiiLtlil  liiiliii'  WIIS  u 
lir.iiilil'iil  iMii',  IIS  iiiilrrii  mv  till'  skills  111' nil  Miiiiii;  jii'izzly 
lirms,  wlmse  I'm'  is  llii.k,  nl'ii  tinvny  cnlmir,  witli  ii  .s|ii|i(' 
lit'  a  (l.irkrr  liiU'  almii,'  tin'  liink,  ami  mi  lui.,' hihI  .slia;.';{v 
that  it  sliaki's  up  mi'l  ilnwii  as  tlir  aliiiiial  .sliiilllrs  alniii;. 
Ill  tlio  cvi'liiiii^  I  tiiiik  a  I'iili'  with  |)aiipliiii,  liioi'i'  tii 
I'lijiiy  till' cxipiisitii  laiiilsrapi'  than  for  llii'  purpose  of 
hiiiilini;.      Our  coiirsi'   lay  lliiiiiii;li    cnlars  ami    rlimli 


liuii  not  loailril,  wi'iit  III  til  It  iiioiiinit  to  a  strniiii  alimit 

tliirty  pai'i's  Iroiii  whiri' tin'  wapiti  lay.  sa\  iiii;,  •./cnd'.i 

/iirrr  mil  cdritl'i'f' :  mnl  I.  Iraviiii;  my  lioi'si'    to   i,'i'a/.i', 

liMviiii;  takrii  (ill"  his  hriilh'  ami  iiiirolli'il  his  lialtrr,  wis 

liiisy,  knife    in    hainl,    reiiioNiiii;   the  elk's   skin,    when 

lioiii'harx  iUe,  who  liy  this  time  lia'l  his  rille    liarrel    in 

the  s:reaiii,  iiml   was  spoimiii^'  away   very  ililinently, 

siiilileiily  slionteil  oiii,  '  Ifiiniirn.'  ini  wirri."  ami  at.  the 

Hiinie  instant  a  she  i,'rizzly  hear  eiiieriie  1  Ir'iiii  a    elierry 

tliii'ket,  ehar^iiii,'  rii,'lit  at  him.     iioiiiliarville,  ilriippiiii{ 

his  rifle  luirrel,  spraiii;  hai-k  into  a  eliiinp  of  rose  lnishes, 

when  the  hear,  hisim;  siijhl   of  him,  sloo'I  on   her  liimi 

left's,  unit  I  then  saw  she  li.iil   a  eiili  of  a  noml  size  with 

lief.      [  lit  first  rail  to  assist  my  eoiiipinion,  Imt  .sieim; 

him  safe  ami  the  hear  at   fault,   1  rnsheil    liiek    to    the 

horse  to  seeiire  llilll,  feariiiij  that  were  he  to  smell   the 

hear  ho    wmihl    sunn   speeil   his  way  over  the   prairie 

mill  h(!  lost  to   me  fir  ever.      Seeiiiij  me   run,  the  hear  ;  ilemlnnis,  ami  we  fminil  rej^iilar  paths  in  all  ilireelioiis 

instantly  cliariiiil  afirr  III"  ;   ami  when,  having  re  lelieil  |  miiile   liy    elk    ami  Inilliilo,    who    travel    thrmiyli  every 

the  Imrse  ami  roHil  ih'   lia  ter  a  eoii|ile  of  times  rmiml  ;  wooil.      In    the    whole    of   this    reijion    tliere    is   not  ii 

my  anil,  [  tiiriieil  a'"Hii   i.i    faeu   her,  .she   ro.so  on   her  I  lliieket  or  point  that   is   not    riinliieil  ea.sy  to  traverse 

himl  lej;s.      Idiilimt  like,  however,  to  venture  so  liim^  ii  1  from  this  e.iii.se,    iiml   it  will   he  easily  iniajiineil  that   a 

shot,  as  I  llilll  only  a  sin;,'leli,ii'elleil   rille  in   my  haml.     siieir^sion   of    Ihesi'   heavy  aiiinials    followiiii,'   in   eaeli 

mi'l  piii^eil  for  a  inumeiit.  when   she  allerel  her  iiiteii-     nlhei's  wake  wonhl  sunn  form  a  very  eonvenient  riiliii;; 

tioii.  iiiiiieil  asiile,  iiii'l  I'olloweil  the  ilireetioii  taken  hy     traek.    AVe  retiirneil  iiliont  sunset  with  the  skins  oflwo 

Inr  I-  ill.       I  then  i'ail;,'lit  a  j,'liliipse  of  her  as  she  ran  ti     wapiti,    iinw  \  .linahle  as  heiii^'  in  the   red.      As   we  sat 

th'l   II. an. I  lireil  through  the  hushes,  hilt  only  hit  her  I'ar     nnniil  onr  eamp  lire  at  iiiylit,  |!iiiieliarville  remmistiateil 

li.i.k  in  till' ll.ink.on  wliieli  she  imiiii'ilial'-ly  I'lieekeil  lii-r  nineli  mi  tie'  ilaiii;er  we  ran  hy  riiiiaiiiiii;L{  in  this 
111  >\aiil  eiiiirse.  ami  wliei'lin;^  roiiinl  , Mill  loiiii'l.  snapped  ileli;.'lilfiil  spot,  and  pressed  me  mi  hard,  that  hefnre 
at  her  siile.tearinnat  the  wi'iind  with  herteelhalidelaw.s,  !  jioiliu'  In  rest  I  reliietaiitly  emiseiitid  that  we  should 
and  fortiinati'ly  for  me,  alii ir  led  m.'  sniti 'ieiit  time  to  depart  the  follnwiiii,' day,  takiiii;  a  northerly  direetion 
eiiahle  111'' to  hi.id  aitiin  ;  my  hill  was  hirdly  down,  when  until  we  shnnld  tall  in  with  the  little  .Missmiii,  wliieli 
aslioiil  from  It  iiu'h.irville  warned  iiie  that  llielitfht  was  \U'  should  follow  up  and  down  to  hunt  for  hear  and 
I'lilv  eoiiiiiii'iiriii'.'.  ''I'div/e:  ro/i.s'.' 7  (,r(/'':  (■ii/(.«,  //(D/f.iv'i,'"/'.'  hii;  horn.  Aeeonliiiiily  we  slarled  mi  the  morrow, 
ill.frr,-  //.  I.''.' and  oil  she  fiirioiisly  rushed  at  me.  I  li.iiiphin  travellinir  mi  f""t  as  lii^  hm-se  was  heavily 
lia'i  liaii  K  lime  to  put  oil  my  I'opper  cap.  .iiid  as  she  laden  with  the  tropliiis  of  mir  linnt  in  the  .Monta^'lie 
(■^"  p  'A'J.\l)  rose' on  her  hind  Ii'l,'s.  I  tired,  and  sent  mv  de  Tortile,  and  hefnre  iinoii  we  arrived  at  some  rmky, 
hiillit  throiii.di  her  heart.  She  dmil.led  up  an  I  rolled  sliiii:;ly  hills,  over  and  almi;,'  whieli  we  r.nh' w  it  h  miieli 
fi'olii  the  top  to  the  lioltoin  of  the  slope,  where  she  dillii'iilly,  haviie.;  freipieiilly  to  disiiioiint  and  le.id  mir 
i-\pi!i'd  willi  a  eho.ikili:;  :;rowl.  liou'harviile  now  hoiM',.  I)aiipliiii  here  desirii  d  a  ;;rizzly  liear  Ivinx 
i'liiie  I  me.  lillt  we  did  not  venture  to  approaeh  the  i\:<\\\i  and  siinnini;  himself  mi  the  leil;,'e  of  a  reek  hii;!! 
i-neiiiy  iiiitil  I  had  loaded,  and  we  as 'ertaine  I  tint  she  up  mi  i  he  side  nl'a  hill.  and.  emilrary  to  my  direetions, 
was   safe    ih'.id    hy   pelliii;;  sla-ks  an. I    stumps   at    the     iiisli.|.|  ..f   wailiii;;   for   lis,    ran   mi.    while    Umieliarv  ille 


All  this  time  mv  iiohle   h.irsi!  stoo.l   as    lirm     and  I   w.r. 


'iiii|.'  the  hallei's  of  our  hm' 


'ses,  so  us  til 


lUS  U  I'oek 

ill  11  .serious  seraiiu 


d  he  reared  or  sliie.l    1 


d  have  lieell  '  eal.li     lliei 


II     ai.'aili    more 


easily,    and    under    ei 


iver  ol 


1" 
was  i;reatly  rej.iie 


at    mv    1'. 


I.irlum. 


j.n 


i  line  old  hear,  m.'asiiriiii;  sev.n  and  a  half  li'et 


in  leii:,'tli.  with  elaws  fmir  and  ii  halfiiielr 


We  iinniediatelv  .  .'t  t.i  aiei  skiniie.l  hi'r,  preserviii 


Ih.    .-la 


I  then  hi 


th.'  I 


i.ir.M'.  an 


I    l.iid   the 


!  the  r.iiks,  j;.it  wiihiii  forty  yards  ol  the  heaiiiiipeiveiveil. 

j  lie  look    drliherale   mm,    hut    mis.sed    him  ;    the    hear 

instantly  made  oil' for  a  lliieket  of  luushw I,  while   I, 

not  a  liltle  aniioyeil,  ran  aloiiir  the  hase  of  the  elills  to 
eiif   oil'  his   retreat,    Imt  all   to  no  purposr  :   the  hriile 


passril  me  al  .smiie  distanee,    irivini'  me  a    ~lia 


'hot  at 


.ill   iip.iii   his   haek  ;    li.'.   siriin,'e  to  say,    oll'erin;,'  im  i  him  wliieh  did  not  lake  elU'et,  reaelied  tin'  liniher,  and 
-i-lai imr  evineiie,'  the  sliirhtest  fe.ir  or  ohjeetiiui  j  the  urmiiid  heiii^'  too  liar.l  for  us  to  tr; 


iiiii,   linallv 


a  most  unusual  tliinj;,  for  Imr.ses  in  ;;eneral  \ii'>\  awav  iinsealhed.      As  mav   he  sui 


I 


wa.s  111 


a;-.   1.  rrilied  at  the  siiii 


I'll    of  a   hi 


.1    I 


nev.'r  saw  '  no   envia 


Ille   hnuiiiiir  ;    Daiipli 


1 siiiee  that   w.iulil   allow    nie  to  till'.. w  a   hr.irskin 

ii.'l'o.vs  his  haek.      Dauphin,  on  mir  reaehinj;  eaiiip,  and 


1   I 


r.i'ie  sileii 


tlv  and   fiilkilv  fnrw; 


II   kept    out  of  my  way. 


At    la-t   ni 


rel.it nil'  (iiir  ai 


Ivelll 


lire,   ti 


11  coll) 


lie  of 


Ills  of  ri 


id  his  rille.  and  slarie.l  oil'  t.i  trv  and  eateh  one  of  tin,' 


VOIIII'' hears.     J  thmerhi  th..|.i 


.s.i  dmihlliil.  that  I  ilhl    i 


pinsp. 


et  of  his  liii.|in!,'tliein 
I 


altervvai 
1 


lot   aeeiiinpaiiy    liini.   and   wa 


s  \erv  s. .rrv 


did 


ii'it  ;  for  alter  h.'ini. 


llilll. i-il|lllV   111 


"I  a  w  hill' of  til.,  pipi'.  whirh   I  dn 


II,  slru.-k  .      lit'li'.    and    mv-.ralh    so.m    vaiii.-lie 
iiokc,'."' 


'   KviTv  travcllor  sl.i.is  liis  |.'ii7.z1y  lii'iir,  iiiul  llie'riircmiils  nf 


■  I  xpl'iits  iirr  iiiit  s.'lil.mi  till'  li';isl  iii1(Vi'>tiiiL'  )'i'rli..Ms  et*  tin 


innrs  awav,  lie  retiiriieil.   Iiavini,' 

nml  altaeked  the  i.llier   with  a  v  ii 

alive       Tilt-'  litlle  hriite,  however. 


ilmt   one   liltle    he.ir, 


I'liiil  Kane,  tlie  :irtisl,  in  w.irkni.:  liis 


'.Viiv  (iMin 


I'',  lit 


w  of 


'aplnrin^   him 


(iarrv  Id  l.'.irl  Kiiiiiiiiitmi,  al..nu' 111..  Sii-li.ili'ln.\M\n,  liiistln'  r..ll.i\v- 
ii.u' ii'ilf  in  liis  iliurv  :  — *' .S'/yi/. '2  1.  \\\>  ]i:iss,.il    ihr.m^'li  \\li:it   is 


fought  s.i  tiereely   js  ^  ciilliil  tin'    hoii^'  (.irass  I'liiiv'ii — lli.'  Iwiiis  nf  n    wluilu  ciiniji  ot 


Rlinrp    •l.iwH. 
willi  n  pMid 

llvillltllf,'r,     llf 

il    li'iivi'   it   II 

llin  ilihrrMllV 

icliil  III  (Iriii; 
iilil  liiiM'  Inn  I 

S  (111  till'  IMI-I' 
IW  llis  I  li:ir;;r 
il  lllWilrk-  nil 
'■.'t,  Moiisi,  in;' 

If  s'fl't'  pitit 
I    llllllll'   WHS  II 

MPiiiil,' -iriz/ly 
«  illi  II  >lii|i(' 
'J.  mill  .sliii;.'i;y 
liiilllcs  iiIiiiil;. 
Iiiii,   iiiiiro   III 

I'     |llll'|HI.S('     III' 

I  mill  I'IiimIii- 
nil  ilii'rcliiiiis 
inmuli  every 
ere  is  111.1  II 
V  111  IniMTM' 
>,'illeil   tliiil    II 

in;,'  ill  eiieli 
enieiit  riiliiiLT 

skins  lit  twu 

As    We    silt 
I'elniinsliiiteii 

liiii;    ill    tills 

llllll      llllnle 

I  we  slinlllii 
rlv  ilireelinll 
■-iiini,  wliii-li 
fur  liiiii-  mill 

lie  lllnll'iiw, 
\M|s  lieiu  ily 
e  .Miilitii^'lie 
siillie  liieky, 
I'  uitll  llillell 
mil  li'.'iil  mil' 
•   1)1111'  In  inj( 

a  I'eik  lii;,'li 
y  ilii'ei'liiins, 

'olli'lim'N  iUe 
s,  SI)  as  til 
er  euvei'  nf 
lli|iei'i'eiveil. 
;  tlie  lieaf 
nil,  wliile  J, 
I  lie   I'lills  to 

;  llie  liiiile 
ii;i|i  sliiit  at 
linilii'i',  mill 

liiii,  liiiiilly 
I,  I  wii.s  ill 
lit'  my  way, 
At  la-t  iiiy 
llii'll    I  illew 

aiii.slieil   in 


ir iicc.iiuits  of 
'linns  (il  tlii'ir 
MV  IniMi  Kcirl 

,ilsllll'l'.,ll„W- 
M'^'ll  \\ll:ll  is 
llClll.'    UllilJI    ut 


iTROM  TUB  ATLANTIC  TO  TlfE  I'AC'IPIC. 


\S'Men('a|it.  Piillisei'liai|lii|lileilii\e|lliuwl|n|ei'iiiiiitiy,  |  ili  seeliileil  tin 
iiiiil  lilimii  nil'  iiime  |iHwilei'  tliaii  any  Simix   m'    I'.laek    I  leliiiiieil  In  !■ 
liiiit  w.'iri'iiii,  mill  ean'ii'il  away  imn'e  piiiie  mel  I'lir  lliiiii  '        llnl,    the 
Jjtlie  liiii'iliesi  iil'llieii'  lni|i|iers,  lie  reliirneil   siiiilliwai'ils,     liillierlu,  In 


I 


.Mis>is~i|i|ii  liy  the  way  ho  hud  cotiip,  ami 

Kllro|ie  liy    Ne«    (  )|lea|is. 

lelleetinii    sli'uek     tile    liiilil     liimtri'    |  Imt, 

liail  liiaile  liiliiselt' aeiniaiiiteil  oiilv  with  tlio 


liiiliiUH,  «lin  HiTi' iiirnril  iiU'hy  llml  lii'iil  »r  niri^'i'  nf  tlirir   riii'i', 
till-  Hill. ill  pox,  wcru  liurc  liliMrlniii;  nii  tlii'  pl.iiiis,  liaviii^    t'<illi*ii 
t'i'niii  til '  |iLtirnriiis  iiii'l  tri'i'-i  nil  wliii'li  it  is   tlieir  I'listmii   to  huh* 
I  KM  II I  llifir  ilr.nl.  cnverril  with  » k  ills  —\i>i  it'll  litti-r,  iis  wi'll   iis  tlm 
Mii|i|inrls.  tiiiii' liinitli'strnyi'"!.     (.V'-''p.  .'l.'!?.)     .Vti  iiiiiiu'iisi' ;;ri//!y 
Ihmt  wus  (Iriiikiiiir  lit  a  |intiil,  tint  iitir  liiiiiirr  wnit  ain'.nl   nf  tlin 
party  llliiiU'ia's  It. ly  t'niii|i.iiiy  iiicii),  In  try  ami   i^i'l    a   hIihI   at 
liiiii.      Till'  lu'ar  i|iiH'lly  iiwiiiii.,1  liis  iillai'k,  iiinl  the  imliaii,  si'eiiin 
liitn  so  CO  i|,  r.itlii'r  lii.'siiatc>l  In  ailvain-n,  iint.  ilet'iiiiiii;  il  prinli'iit 
or  Kilfi' In  ili'prtiil  nil  tile  lli'i'tiiris    iil'  llis    linrsi',  tllllcss   lit>    li.iil    \\ 
PhhI  i-hirt  nf  lilt' Iii'iir.      Ili' tirnl,  ttn'i'i  I'nri-.  at    Inn  ;;riMt    a   ilis- 
tlllli'i'  I'nr  111.'    slinl     In    ti'll.      'I'lli'    lii'iir    I'lui'   llji    Very  I'nllflH.illy 
on  llis  Itiiiil  li':;s,  ami  ri'i^anliir^'  the  ImiiU'p  for  a  innim'tit,  tui'in'.l 
ah.. Ml  anil  walki'il  away.     I  llii'ii  ili'ti'rmiiii'.l  t.i  try  my  In  k.     .\s 
I  was  \i'ry  \ti'I1  ninniilci),  I  rn.l.'  iiji  t.>  within  l'..rty  nr  llfly  yariis 
of  liiiii,  iiml  us  he  ttirncl  to  liK.k  at  ine,  I  ilischiir:;.''!  Imtli  Imrrels  ; 
niiu  w. inn. It'll  liiin  in  the  shniililiT,  luiil  with  a   s.iva^i*  urnwl  he 
tni'iii'il  mill  pni'siii"!  iiii!.      I   sol    nil'  at  full   ^^lllop   toiviir.ls    .Mr. 
Itnwlan.l,   who   waiti'il  till   In.  caiiii'  Nvitliiii   >liot.    wlieii   h..  put 
aiiotlier  hall  into  liiiii  ;  hiil  still  Ilie  hear  ailvani'i'.l.     in  tlieine.in- 
tune  the  liiill. in  anil  I    lail  li  .tli   niaiiaui'.l  t''   reloa.l,  iiml,  as  llii.' 
heiu' I'liiiie  I'.iriv.ink  llie  Iniliaii  lire.l,  iiii'l   nitist   have   hit,   us  the 
liriir  ii^.iin  rose  on  his  hill. 1  li.^^s  ;   when,  taiuiii;  ileliher.ite   aiiii,    I 
Ioi1l;.'iI  a  h.ill  in  his  hearl,aii;l  the  liiiL,'e  mniHter  fell  lo  the  niniiiiil. 
The  Inilian  nn.v   skiiin.'.l   liiiii,  an  I  etit  nil'  his    piws,    wliieli  we 
fimii.l  nin*t  ilelii'ioits  piesin;j,  wli.'ii  r.i.i'te.l  in  tli.-   eveiiltii;.     Tlie 
elaws,  whii'li  I  preserveil.  nieasiireil  lour  an. I  a-lialf  iiiehes.    'I'lieri! 
is  nil  animal  on  the  while  eiiitinent  th.it  the   Imliaiis   h  il.l  in  .si 
miieli  ilreail  as  the  ixri/./.Iy  hear,  ami  t'ew  will  attack  on.'  nf  tliein 
when  alone,  unless  wiili  a  very  ll.'ct  Imrsc  niuler  liiiii."     Wli.-n  up 
lit  Kort  K.lin.inti.n  in   th.'  winter,  niir  a'tv..ntiu'..iis   .irtist  (v.lio. 
iiytlie-liye,  in  his  tirst   Inill'aln  leiiit,  .m  the    lieil    River,   piiisi-s 
hefnre  sliuotini;  his  tliinl  hiill'il-i  to  take  a  sk.'tcli  of  hi  n,  an. I  m-ts 
Kiincke.l  nverf.ir  hi-  piiii-|,  meets  .imither i;rl/.zly  hear.    "  W.'  li.i  I 
mil  lelt  the  l''.irt  in  n-e  ihi.i  live  or  si\  miles  huliiml   iis,  when  we 
fell  in  with  an  eiiniMniis  i»ri/./,ly   hear,  hut  Kram/nis  (a  half-lircl 
vuyiii.'enr  nf  eelehrity ),  wniilil  lint  lire  at  him,  n  ir  all  nv  me  to  .l.i 
K.i.'allhi.iiL'li  I    t.ilil' iiiiii    I    hel   li.'lpc  1  t.i    kill    one    h.-firi.     .V 
yoiin^'er  man  than  he,  wli  i  hail  his  eharaet.T  t.)  make,  iiii.;lit  have 
liueii  f.i.ilisli  eii'.ii.'h  to  run  the  lisk,  for  the  sake  »(  the  slaniliiii,' 
it  wniilil  have  :.'iveii  him  amiiiu'st  his  cnaipini.ins ;   lint    l''i'am,'.iis 
hail  a  fhar.ieter  e^t  ihlishc.i,  aii.l  woiill  ii'it  risk  attaekitiLi  s.i  tnr- 
iniil.ihle  ,111  aiiiiii  il  with  only  two  m.'ii.      In  ficl,  tlicr  eiionnotis     I 
slreinrtli,  .lu'iiity,   ami  w  in.lirfnl    tenacity    of    life,    make  th.'iii     ■ 
tthllnneil  even  hy  larLTe    nilniliers.   lei.l    f.'W    ar..'    kiile.l,  ex.-ept    hv      ] 
yniiiiU  me"  •'"'  "'1'  piirp.Ke  nf  pi'iimlly  weiring'  th.;  elaws,  niie  .if 
th  •  in.ist  I'steenieil  iiniaineiitH  tn  an    Inliaii  chief,  arnnnl   their 
ui'cks.     Til"  hear '.valke  1  on,  In.ikiii'^  at   lis   now   an. I  then,  hut 
si'.'iniii;:  to  Irc.it  lis  with  ciintenipt.      .\ly  llnu'.'i's  w.'i-e   itehiiiu'  to    ! 
L't  liy  at  Iii'.ii :  it  s.-oineil  s'l  ci-y,  ami  his  skin   was  in  such  tine    | 
:uinlitinn.     lint  tli.in_'li  my  u-iiii   ha. I   two  1. arrets,  ami    Kr.im;'iis 
•.vas  liy  my  si.io,  with  th.'  aim  ist  certainly  of  pnttiiii;   three  lulls 
.."^'11  in;  yet  we  well  kn.'w  tint  it    was  ten  ehaiiees   to  on.'  that 
tliri'c  h.ills  w.iiilil  kill  him  ipiick   ciioii:;h    t.i  jirovtMit  a  liaml-to< 
•III  encnnnter,  a  sort  iA'  amusement  that  neither  were  t^uiMitie 
Diii)iii,'li  to  ile^ire." 

?.Inliiiin.sen  reports  fnr  ns  one  nr  two  u'ri/./.ly  heir  stories,  as  tiilil 
by  Siki-tn  niakeii,  nr  llie  Ulack  It.'av.'r,  a  Delaware  chief  at 
Knrt  .\ik'in.'kle,  on  the  Mexican  frnntier.  "  If  yon  can  iiianaire," 
sai.l  ..nr  liiilian  iiistnietnr,  "t.i  runt  the  HIack  Hear  (l'i«ns 
Ainerlcanns)  nut  nf  his  ileii  nn  the  Canailian  river,  ami  to  Honml 
liini,  so  that  lie  is  inelincil  to  ti^'ht,  ymi  may  have  a  ih'liu'htfiil 
hunt  ;  von  w-ill  he  )ileasc(l  with  his  pluck,  anil  laiiLrli  at  his 
comical  attil  lilies ;  hut  miinl  what  yon  are  iilinnt,  anil  iln  imt  let 
him  en  lie  too  near,  or  ynii  may  liny  his  liiile  ainl  his  savmiry  in.  at 
n  little  to  .  lie ir.  Hut  stmnlil  h.' retire  int..  Ii's  ileii,  then  ilo  yon 
jnakt' a  t..rcli  of  ilrv  i;i'ass  nr  w  .ml,  or  anythiiiir  that  wilt  liiirii, 
anil  liillnw  him  liolilly  into  his  liiile,  ami  when  the  liirlit  ^-lares  in 
llis  eyes  the  fo.ilisli  ehap  will  sit  up  nn  enil  ami  cover  his  eyes 
with  Ills  clumsy  jiaws.  Yon  then  i.i  .ke  your  tnreh  hla/e  nj)  a  Iiit, 
mill  you  will  see  a  spilt  on  his  hreast  where  the  hair  f^rows  in  a 
sort  III  ronuil ;  y.ni  put  a  hullet  in  there,  iiml  the  hei.i  n ill  l'o 
ilown  like  a  Pawnee  tent  when  ynu  have  cut  the  jirops  I 'lie 
■linnet  always  smoke  him  luit  of  his  ileii,  anil  even  if  yini  ilo  he 
'.vill  sonu'times  coiiu'  tn  the  inoutli  nf  the  ciue,  ilash  ilowii,  niiil 
Claii..  .iwav   llu"  tire  '.vitli  his  paws,  anil  go  hack  a^aiu,     Tlie 


tiiiril    Mniintaliis   nf  .Mexicn  (the    Uncky    Miiiiiitiiiiiii')  ..re  full  i.t 
I  t-riiy  hears  (I'l'siis  tern.v,  <.i'«i»  anil  Cliirkc),  tail  ilnn'i  minnpi  t. 

■■  nii'l>    III iili'ss  t«n  nr  iiinre  of  \i.ii  are  tijiitlir.     Wl.ieiir 

sees  one    nf  tluse   |:i>;iii,tic   filh.Ms  i,,r   tl„.  tji^t  I  ii.e  i„i,y  ,  ...iiy 

I  lose  llis  >i'll  1 e-iiiiai,  anil,  if  he  inih-is  his  k.  ii  li  la  I'l  el  ll'c 

elaws  nf  In.  fi.riniis  iiiiiiij:..ni.l  will  inre  him  i.l  h's  1.  ve  1 1  >| .  n 
I. .r  ever.  Tie  swiltinss  el  this  aiiiii  111  cm  1 1  ils  tliiil  ii|  i|„  1 1 1  .|.^ 
anil  when  he  i,  iinj;ry,  l.e  i|iiii,.  li  ms  his  m  laiiiMc  ii|„  nin.in.ul 
lli>  ears  di-iii  pi  ur,  his  hitic  i\c.  th  >li  ti,,.,  ..ml  ,,11  .an  -.-o 
linthin-  l.iit  tii'ihiiiiil    Mliiiiii:  lyihaili..     W  la  11  I  Hint  will,  mnio 

while,  liii'.iii-h  the  lii.ik.i  .Men ins,  11  li  w  \i  iirs  niin,"  n  niiim,.,} 

111.'  lili.ck  lliiiM'i,  "I  I. ml  (lie  (,)  Ilo,.  iiaxperaiiiKl  iinniert 
with  me,  111.(1  le  swore  l(  ml  ,iii.i^:li  tl.i.t  he  wiiilil  i.tlmk  the 
llr-l    LM'iiy    hi'iir    he   (inlil  me.     Jle   tliil  ki  cp  his  weiil,   l.ut    !,<; 

tli..ni:lil  liini..i'lf   iiiniii i.lv  Iniky    tn  ckii)  e  with  his  li'lc,  .md  I 

will  answer  li.r  il  he  will  iMnk  Iwiie  lidiire  lie  iillncu'ii  pny 
hear  iipiili.  \\v  hud  pitihnl  lair  iiii  p,  ii.i  th,.  mke  at  (  ni  linrsi'il, 
i.|ia(.'rieii  11)11. ilnw  Miir  the  tut  i.l  u  mi  imiien.  «]„  1,  wi.  l.nil 
uhi.iit  a  thiMi.uinl  pmis  to  (.'n  to  11  e s|  1  in^.  In  m  « |,„  |mi ,.  Ii leheil 
the  water  fironr  liiile  iiikuiiii  111  skins.  1  hiil  ).i,iii.  In  tin- 
sprini;  lor  this  |iiirpoiie  with  thi.  j;i,,ii  ynnij,  fi'.w^  mil  «„g 
just  stonpini.' Ill  I'liteli  tie  iiiikliij:  i-lni'iii,  « I  m  «,.  l,i,|h  siiil- 
ilinly  iii'i'ccivcil  (.lie  of  tl.ise  niUar  (;ni\  hi.iis.  who,  lla.^l  likelv 
altiiietcil  l.y  our  l.eiMs,  wiis  tri.tlinj:  IomuiiIb  the  rmiip,  I  hut| 
111!  weapnn  with  lie  I  ill  a  l.i  r>i -pistil  .11  my  jriiille,  Im  niv  (diii- 
p.inii'ii  hull  pot  h...  llie,  iiid.  III  s)  lie  el  I'l  y  wan  11  L.  1 1'l  liict'd 
llim-i'lf  .sn  us  111  le  al.le  tn  );(t  11  (jiiil  shot  ni  il,.  h,  i,,^  „!,,,  „..  j 
iippri.ai'hiii^'  n»  tn  m  the  wiihiMil  i.idi',  1  sti  id  l.y  1,,,,,  ,vl.ii' 
wniilil  happen.  'the  i,l.i  I  wus  find;  the  hiur  i-li'innk  l.iiiMll 
ti'L'ether,  hut,  the  1  ext  11  1  11  1  I.I,  1  lisl  eil  ut  iln.  imhiikv  l.l.lilii', 
wh..  wii.  now  iiiiiiiii.;:  liifl  >  1.111^:1',  CM  Ml  (,k  hjn  1;  h  w  s'np..  fun! 
where  I  was  ftiii  (lii!^;,  ilin  w  h.iii  ili  wii,  nnd  iii.siiintly  ton  uwi.\ 
llie  half  of  his  fl  1  n  ilcr  villi  lis  luth  lie  «iis  ji'i..|  ^.niii"  I'l 
.sei/.e  him  II  tcilliil  line  wl.ili  1  h]i|il(;  to  thdii,  piii  ihe  w.mAt. 
of  my  pistol  to  tl.c  iii.).i  if  Ills  1.1  ck,  and.  net  will  out  |i|iiij;ii  oi 
woiimliiiL.'  the  iiiiiii  in  the  ^Kaiiiil.  lin  I,  'I  he  luiir  lell  i|.  ml,  aid 
my  cnniriide  wi.s  niMil,  I  nt  in  mcli  u  dephmihle  slate  ll.iil  «i 
had  ii.  stay  in  that  place  li  r  tevdul  wieks  I  iloi'f  lit  huk  iihle  tc 
mniint  his  horse." 

"Caplain    I'luver,"  l.n  lie  in  one  of  his  uiulilnrs,  "  I  liuve  liiurd 
that  even  the   11  (.st  i  x]  triii.iid  l.niiti  r  iiiiiy   eiiiie  ill'  si. oil    in  a 
sciillle  with    Mil  h  all    l'|:l.\  clisUli.d  is  tint.      \i  ly    liki  1\  MUl  liiiiy 
liiii.w  the  ('anicliiiii    ^  illi.i  iliii ,  I  e  is  tlele.l  w  Idle  hniiler  ill  I  he 
Vellnwstniie  Kivcr  ;  1 1  is  u  liei  tiap|  i  r.  1.1  d   iilwiiys  will  he  II  the 
Irupper,  though   tie  1  nr  1 1  n  pi.i  \  el  .>.i.  1..  ni-  hm",.  n  uiie  him  the 
most  splendid    elhrs   to  sidiie  hi?  .scrvicis.     He  jjiiiiiiillv    lives 
niiioii^'  the     ^ii.iix,    f.  r  l.e  lii.s  ii.uirud  a  wdnuii    liini  i.iiiniicst 
tiii'in.     One     imiiiiti^'.  when    lie   wis  riiliiij:  out  to   have  u  look 
at    his    lieavir-trai's,    he  had    to   hn  uk    his   way    tl,ronj;li    soine 
tlii.'k    Imi.Iics     that   (.'lew    on   ii  \.\^\\  h.  iik    al.ove   a  Miaill   river. 
lie  was   i;.iiiii.'     iili.iiL'.   piisliinp    liuik  the   t«i>;s    Willi    thcliarnl 
of  his    rule,    and      kniiini.'   uii    i\e    in    tic    Inn  k,    hIhh  all    at 
oi  ce  he   Iniinil  himself     clox'   to  u  ^iriiy   old    slic-hdii',    who    n  so 
instiinlly     and    ilaKlied       Iniiinisly      at     the    horse,    us    he     '.vas 
..tin^'^liii^     with     the     slirnhs     and    luishcs .    one    hlow     of  ;iei 
colos.al  paw  was  eiinULiii  lo  hr.  ak  I. is  hack,  and  tothinw  \'illiiiidrie 
down  the  hrook  and    his   ritle    into  ll.c  wutir.     'I  line  halt-j;niw  n 
enhs  now   occupied    iheiiiM'ives    with  the  pour  si i ii(.mlii,jr  \,itrf<.', 
while  their  r:i;.'iiiu'    mother    nishid   toMiiuis  \illai.diie,  iiho  wie. 
iu.t  u'etlinir  "p;   hut  liefore  he    V.   1  well  diawii  his  lonj;  kiiili',  the 
h.'ur's  claws  wen'  mi   his  h'ft  arm    and  shonlder.     Hi.  rif;litiiiiii 
he  Ci.uld  still  move  Ireely,  and  he  jjiive    sliih  utter  slab  in  the  i.('(  k 
111   his  tierce  enemy,  "ho  did   not  for     that    lelux   her  \:n\v,  mil 
tried  In  c Itch  the  kiiil'i- with   her  tcetli.      At  evei  \  inoveineiit   he 
made,  she  seemed  to  dii;  dcipcr  into  his  shonlihr  and  ,iriii.     'Ihe 
sti'iii.'i:le  had  not  lasted  a  ininulc.  when  the  sandy    hank  siiddetdv 
u'avc  way,  and  down  the  coinhatants  went  into  the  water;  fortii- 
nalely    f.ir   Villaiidrie,  for  the  sudden  cold   bath   imult-  the  hiiir 
let  >.'o  ;  she  returned  In  her  eiilis,  and  left  her  niaiiirlid  anliip.nist 
t.i  s;et  away  us  well  as  he  could.     The  next  day  he  reached  .*<ioux 
vill.im",  very  much  oxhausteil  from  loss  ot  blood,  but  ;.e  got     .ir 
Mounds   toleral.ly  healed,  anil  is  still  eonsiilered  the   liest  white 
truii)icr  on  the  Yell.iw  Stoi.e." 

.\  fcarlid  story  ot*  a  madman  and  a  licar  istolil  by  Mr.  Atkinson 
in  his  "Orientid  iiiiil  Western  Siberia"  ;  — 
"  1  paase.l  places  w  here  I'-art'ul  encounters  with  these  amniulg  have 


i    ! 


m 


T' 


][   'I 


I'i 


m 


AtL  ROUND  TiiR  \rnRr,n 


/•'(ic    HV;i<  <if     llu'    riiiti'il    Stiiti-i.     wliilr    till'    iiiMii>  ilii'    r\|iciliii(iii,      .inirr    (^ii|itiiiii    JdliM    Piilli«'r   allii 

iin|KiilMMl  .*'(/(•  I(V,«<  (pITiipiiula  iiMiiiiinl  np|ii|i;ir:ilivily  liis  iiHHu.i  ti'-,  Lieut     lilikislnii    uinl  I'r    llictdi',  «ii' 

imkiiiiwii.     'I'liiis  the  ^ficiil  |in>li|iMi  111' a  |iii>-,ii,'i'  w  illiiii  ili^p  ili'liiil    !iy    IIct    Majr-lv'i    ( iiivi  riunriit    ti   Miivcy 

|liili:<li   ti'iM-ildi-y  a<tiis.s  till'    IJiicky  MiMiiiluiiis  iillinil  lln'  vvaliT  |>arliii;{  lictwiM'ii  tlu'  Imihium  i>(  the  .MixHuiii'i 

it-ii'lt'    tci     lii.M    iiiiml.       Ill'    iiili'i'tiiiih'ij    a     nulinii    'jf  ami  Su'-kati'lii'wuii  rivii--,  and  to  i'X|i|iiri'  the  paitttcM  nl' 

unilrrtakiii^r   a  Jiniriii'y   t'cir  tliis   |iiii|in-ii'   at    liin  own  tln'  liiukv  MoiintaiiiH,  williiii  imr  iiv.u  tcniturics      A 

.'X|iriiNi'.  iiiiij  lia'l  ('(iiiiiijiiiiii'ati'il  with   the    Ituvai   lii'n  stirviv  was,  at  th  '  taluo  tiiii ',  I  liii;^    'ariicii  on  iiiiili'i 

;'ra|iliiial    Sociily   0,1   ihr  >iihir(t,    when,    ihi'    iiiattiT  tlu' iniiiniaiiil  nf  la.'ut  •< 'nhilicl  llawkiiiH,  v.  Im  was  cn- 

I'liiiiiii^'  to    thf  kliowliilui'   of  tht>   Colonial   Scri'i  lary,  o|ii'ialini,'  with  tlu   AiiKlo-Amcricaii   mirvyoi;'   in  ilr 

•Mf.    l.alioiirhiTi',    MI.    ari'ani.'iiiicnl    wiii    I'lliTtrd    I',  i-  lining;  uirniati  ly,  ami,  it'  |ios>ilih,  liy  inaiki'd   iihyniial 

t'lii'ilitatun,',    liy  a   |inli!i(    (.'I'aiit,  an  i'nti'i|aisi'  ol'  miiIi  t'.atnii.s,  the  liunndary  luiwiin  tlir  Jiiitiuli  |ioss(vs»ions 

imtioiiai   iin|ioftanits;    \u:\  on  tliii  'Jtl.  'it'  May,   ISO'',  iinil  tliiMO  of  tli^^  Uuil^'il  States,  lying  to  the '..•oat    if 


.jf. .;'.'%  y  ■' 


i 


0'' 


-:.  F 


FIGHT   BETWEEN   A   BULL    AND   A   BISON. 

tlia  traits  to  lie  oxj)1ori'il  hy  Captain  Pallispr,  mid  tor- |  Cnptr.i  Pitlisci's  .-Xj-dition  lol>  I.iviipoid  ni  tliC 
nunatin;;  in  the  I'anlic.  to  the  simtli  iil  l''ra:-.i-T  l{i\or,  \  \mh\n  steanicf,  <.n  tbe  loth  '<{  .May,  18.J7,  and 
fsun  Juan,  uiiil  Vancouver  Island,  ;  landed  :.t  New  Y  .rh  o!.  the  SStli  of  the  aam:  month. 


liiki'M  plnir.  A  v  r;;  liiru'C  luit  liail  liii'i.  sivi.  liv  tlii'  M-iiKl-^'iltiTs 
.ill' ut  liltit'n  viTsts  Cniiii  tlii-  >.'iilil  iiiiiiri  iiiiil  Win  iiicii,  11:, c  11 
Ittinli'r  lit  111  in  ^Tfiit  r'|iuti'  t'lir  liis  il;iriiijr  iiijil  sl,ili,  ili'tiTiniiiril  Id 
aiiikr  Iii>  :n'i|ii;iiii'..tiii'.  .\ttiT  wjiinii'rintr  iilimit  tipr  sunn*  tinir  tln'v 
fill. II'  ii|i  'ii  ill.-  tf.ii'l;,i[uiti'  I'ri'sli  nn  llu-  Iuiil' ili'wv  ^.Tiish.  Mr  wms 
cviilt'iitlv  iK'.ic;  tills  inmle  tlii'iii  riuitl'iu-*.  iiiiil  tliry  ]tri'|Kiri'il  Tor 
nitiiiii.  I'li'si'iitlv  II  jiiuil  irri  wl  s;iliitril  llu'ir  viirs,  tlii'ii  nut  lii' 
hlT'ii;:  fri'in  a  tliii-ki't  jlmiit  thirtv-tivi'  imi'i's  liistaiit,  wIiitl'  lii' 
tt'i.a  ^luirthi;:  till'  Ih'itzl'  anil  i-veiiij;  tlu'  iiitniiliTs. 

"Till' ImiitiT  liri'il,  ami  till' liiiU  .a rack  Init  nut  in  a  vital  }>;irt.  In 
an  instant  tin  unnmli'il  aiiinial  cliarp  il ,  tin-  otln-r  man,  ulio  was 
li'ss  I'VluTii'iii'i  li,  ri'MTVrll  Ills  siint  until  witliiu  twi'Ilty  parrs.  Till- 
rilli'  niissi'il  tin':  at  nnri'  tin'  lirutc raisi'ii  liinisi'lf  on  iiis  liiral  Ii'l's, 
aiiil,  ti'ariui:  till- la'-ili  In'ticaili  liiin,  rusiail  .111  liis  first  assiilant, 
Htr  Kinj;  liiin  I'liiMi  witli  a  liliiw  tiiat  stri)i|iiii  Iiis  sralp  anil  turni'il 
it  ovir  Ins  I'luT,  till  a  sii/ing  his  arm  lii'  Ijt'gau  to  ({iiuw  and  umsli 


it  to  tlie  bun  ,  T.;  .U;;1V;  .rrcnliut.'  to  tlie  l.mikl  T.  Tin'  I'.an 
I'alli'il  ti-  l.i.  ciir.;  .niiin  tr  '.naiS  ann  tin"  but  tlie  li'llmv,  wlipii 
111'  saw  hi..  tri.n'.A  sc  fearfully  riMigloil,  ran  way  .n.l  left  liim  to 
his  1:  to. 

I.at  if.  tlr  "('niui;  ho  r.Mii  h  il  tlic  I'nlil  mine,  anil  n'porti'il  wlii'.t 
hail  li  .jjn'iKsl ;  but  it  wan  tmi  Lite  to  make  any  etfnrt  on  behalf  if 
the  man^'led  I  unt' r  Th"  otiu'er  :mleti'il  a  lar^'e  inrty  out  at 
ilaylit;lit  the  nest  niiiruiiiL',  "itli  llie  enwanl  for  a  i;uiih':  he  tisik 
tliiin  tliniui.'h  th- forest  where  the  eueounter  hail  taken  plaee,  of 
«liii"i  there  .^till  leinaiiu'il  aaiple  eviiliiiee;  hat  no  rcniains  of  thu 
vliiini  Were  met  with,  exeeptiuL'  smne  loin  I'lotlns  nnil  his  rille. 
liy  the  st:ite  of  the  jrrass  it  was  evident  that  the  man  had  U'l'ii 
earned  off  into  the  thek  forest.  A  niost  dilip'ni  seareh  was 
then  made;  mimetimes  the  traeli  was  lost,  hut  the  pin'suers  of  the 

ln'ar  wen'  to-.  well-sl,ll|e  I  in  « l.T.ifl  to   he  filled,  ami  at  letiiril, 

iliseovered  his  larder,     lie  had  drogtjud  thu  hunter  iutu  a  duiiaa 


' 


.1  I 


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NJiil 


MM^ 


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11 


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13. 


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li  i 


tfROM  THE  ATLANTIC  TO  THE  PACiPIC. 


m 


On  tlic  2ii'l  (if  .Tmir,  the-  tnivcllcrs  started  fur  IMmit, 
rill  Kliuira  and  tlio  Ni:ii<aiii  Fulls.  Tlicv  wcii'  (tttaimil 
several  days  at  Detioit,  as  tlie  steamer  to  the  Saiilt 
Sle,  Mai'ie  had  imt  yet  returned  ;  she,  Imwever,  arrived 
on  Satiinlay,  the  Gth,  ri'lmrtin;,'  niueh  ie((  still  fluatin;,' 
(111  Lake  Superidr.  and  also  that  Sir  (le(irne  Siui|is(in 
was  still  iletaine(l  at  the  Sault  St(\  Marie  by  the  ice. 
On  their  arrival  at  the  latter  s|)(il,((n  the  lOtli  of.Jime, 
tliey  found  two  hireh  eanoes  and  sixteen  rowers  wait- 
in;,' ;  and  arran;;eiiients  were  made,  with  th(^  e,  |itaiu  of 
the  .steamer,  to  take  thcni  u|)  with  nun.  hoats,  lujlgagc;, 
*ml  all.  to  Ishi  l:..y.ile. 

Owin;;  to  tJie   l.ileU'  s:?  of  the  se.'ison,   Lake  Su|ic.-iiir 


I  was  found  to  be  rrnwdcd  with  floatintr  iee,  offering 
^'reat  dilllculties  "vc:  to  a  steamer,  whieh  eanie  on 
lields  (if  ice,  and  was  ultimately  oblige  1  to  make  its 
way  alon^  the  north  shore  of  the  'ake,  deviatinj;  seventy 
miles  from  its  course,  so  that  Isle  Koj-ale  was  only 
reached  on  the  l^ith  of  June. 

Ilen^  the  boats  were  launched  and  loaded,  and  their 

party  started  in  the  i  amies,  reaehint;  the   month  of  the 

Kaministoiiuoiah  at  nightfall,  and  Foit  William  at  ten 

,  |i.m   ;  and  where  they  learnt  tli.it   Sir  (ieoitje  Sim)i.son 

!  li.id  (inly  preceded  them  eleven  day*,  having  been  eight 

'  (lavs  fill  the   north   shore  of    [.ake    Supeiiur,  whwrB  his 

caiiii"  h.  i   been  broken  irii  the  ice. 


IXlTnUX    INDIANS   MRE-FISHINI 


On  Saturday  the  loth  ot 
some  miles  from  tli(^  Fort,  and 
arii\c(l    at    the    month    of  the    W'hiti 


Imie.    they   encamped  t  f'.iptaiii   l\illiser  halted  here,  ad'ordim,'  to  his  instnic- 
lU   Sundav.ihe    lUli,  i  tions,   and    oriiaiiised    a    jiarty,   coii>iMin^'  of   himself, 

ir,   tliici^   vo>- ,^eurs,  and   three    Indi.iiis,    and 


Fish     Kiver.  '  l>r.  Ilecti 


I 


ni!is-i<tf  wiMiii  iiiul  liiis)n's,  luul  tti  ri'iiiU'r  tin'  iiluv  s;ill  innrc  si'i-uri',  | 
liiiil  I'roki'ii  "tV  a  ^ri'iit  ([imntity  ol"  ImuM'hi'H  tiii<l  !n".t|nvl  tin-iii  nvrr 
liisi'<.il\.  'I'lit'sc  wtTi'  (juirklv  Mrippcil  uiV.  \vln*ii,  to  tlu-ir  ^;IVllt 
siirpriM'.  lin'N  fmiihl  tlu'  iiiiiii,  llnm;;li  iriji hi  fully  MiiUilali'iliilnl  tjiiitc 
iu->iiisililf',  rttill  living'.  Tuti  Inii^'  pnli-.H  wvn'  iiiiiiiiHliiilily  I'ul,  to 
u  liii'liMuiiUo  ilntlHUtri'  M'furnl  in  tin'  uiiil'ili- ;  oui'iiurM'  \\;i<  pliUTtl 
ir  tnmt,  up*.(lhT  nt  tlu'  li.u-k.  iinil  tin*  oiuU  ot'  tin*  polrr-  sirnnMl  to 
till' s(i' iiip'i,  till?,  fonniiii;  ;i  vitv  im^v  rntivryiuuv.  Tlu'  sulK't'tT 
wii-H  pliinil  on  rill'  Miiillcrlotli-,  ami  cirrtully  propjud  up,  mnl 
I'li'ii  tl,i'part>  marilu'.lhiick  ih  last  as  povsiM,..  ( )n  tlnir  iini\al 
hi  \\w  p.M  !•'•"  ■,  'u'  wan  taken  ilircrt  to  liu-  luwpital :  tito  (l^rtor 
droKtcd  lii!t  '.voii:>'l!<,  aiul  ndiiilnlottnil  all  his  iiiotlii'al  Hkill  and 
klmlru'BH  )..'iMnptiHt  ;  liU  pailt-nt  sni'vlvi'il.  luit  loni;  n'miuDOil  i 
uncoiKi-ioiH  of  tviTyt-liiutr    aruunil    liitu.     Atlrr  luuiv    tliau  twu  I 


Hith-*  iiiitl  «-lii[Hi'ti,  a  sl'u'lil  iiiipruvfuu'nt  t-"  k  plair,  and  Ids 
rcasiiM  appcan  d  to  lit'  resti.ivd.  Ilis  tir-l  i|iu'sti»)n  uaK  uImiuI  tlic 
licar,  and  tiiun  lu'  n-ti'md  to  uU  own  ilt  tVat.  Hi'  spoke  uf  iiotliiti^j 
lUf.ar.d  Wan  constantly  askinir  lor  his  ritiu  to  ^n  and  kill  *  Michael 
Ivanitch  '  (tlie  K'ar).  The  nudiral  nun  tlnaiLdit  his  ndnd  «eri- 
tmsly  utleeted  ;  as  lie  uMincd  f-ireiiL'th.  there  aroM-  in  him  jo  great 
a  drsire  to  have  another  eondvit  will.  Ms  poutrfnl  Hiid  fenteimis 
(  neiiiy,  that  it  w;t!i  considered  necessary  to  phiee  him  lUuJer  some 
nstraint. 

" 'IhesnninuT  had  passed  over  atidnutnmu  Iiatl  arrived,  tlie  froit 
had  seorehed  the  folia^'e,  cha.iL'ink'  it  intt)  jroldi  n  and  eriun*on 
hues,  II  hi  as  it  wan  now  thou:;lit  Ilie  piMir  luiuitie  had  for^ntteu 
hiMtidvf  itnre.  '''s^  vij^ilaueu  was  i-xerrivtl  toward*  Iniu,  The  ojijMir- 
tuuily  v>Ai  iu>t  k>st,  t^M-  Lv  MMUvtly  leit  the*   I  nipitttl,  And  0tari«U 


I'f[  ' 

1 

\ 

■  i 

i 
1 

1 
1 

i 

j 

it 

i 

6 

M 


ascenclfd  tho\\Tiitp  Fisli  Rivor.  TTo  cliusc  smiill  liirrli 
oaniii's,  on  ;ii-iMiiiit  t'f  tlicir  drawirii;  Imt  very  little 
watiT  ;  tliry  ccMiid  iiicicly  iMiiy  t«c>  |i.iililU'is  and  (Hic 
|itiss('ni:i-i'  iMcli,  wliilf  tlif  tliiiil,  witli  t\V(p  paililliTs, 
tdiik  (Uc  ])ri)visious  tor  the  iMiity,  coiisistiuj?  of  I'i^'ht 
]>i'o|ilo  ill  all. 

Captain  I'allisci'  says  lu'  can  ivailily  iiiidi'istaiiil  wliy 
till'  fxisti'iiio  of  tlii>  river  lias  lircii  dcidt'd,  as  it  . 
mouth  could  lie  easily  iiasscd  uiioliserved  liy  tliosr  or.y 
travi'lliiii;  in  caimes  on  tlie  KaiiiiMi-toi|iioiali,  (i«in-,  to 
its  taliiiiu;  a  suddi'ii  licnd  liet'oiv  ll..«iii^'  into  tliat  river. 
an<l,  tlieret'ore,  ajijpearing  iiineli  like  a  recess  i  f  tiie 
Kaininisto({iiniali. 

The  White  Ki.sli  River  varies  in  lire.idlli  from  l\  rt\  to 
sixty  yaids.  an<l  is  live  t'eet  (lee|i  at  Us  month,  lui'  is  use 
less  for  pnr|Kises  of  nuvijjation,  owing  to  tiie  ''.eipien^-y 
of  the  nipids.  They  punted  np  a  considi  .  ddo  portion 
;it  the  stri  am  at  intervals  when  the  '.ipidity  of  tlie 
river  prevented  tiiem  from  paildliiiij;.  'n  the  tirst  day  of 
their  jonrney  up  the  river  ,i  very  large  tree  tell  on  one 

oftlH'c.ii s  and  d;i.shed  it  to   pieces,  Cipiain    I'alli.ser 

iiinisclf  narrowly  escaping  liv  jumping  out  ot'  tlie  way. 
The  rain  was  very  scviie,  and  the  men  very  much 
exposed,  being  uliliged  t'reipiently  toget  out  up  to  their 
middli's  in  w.iler  to  assist  in  hringing  up  the  canoes. 

Owing  to  the  accident  which  hefcl  th(!  Iioat  with 
tlie  provisions,  they  were  obliged  to  return  the  m^xi, 
day. 

Captain  Palli.ser  and  Dr.  Hector  si.irted  accordinu'ly 
oil  foot  at   six   a.m.,  June  14th,  straight  through  thick 
wciods,  in  ihe  direction  of  the  KalLsofthe  Kakelieka,  dis 
t.int  twenty-seven  miles,  taking  two  Indians  witli  them, 
and  sending  liack  the   remainin;.'  canoes  with  the  third  ; 
IndiMnandthe   three   voyageiirs   to   the  camp  lit   the  | 
mouth  of  the  White  Fish  Kivcr.  with  directions  for  the  , 
whole  p.irty  to   go  on  to  the   Falls  of  Kakebeka   un  ( 
meet  tin-Ill  tliere.  i 

On  leaving  the  course  of  the  White  Fi>li  Iliicr,  they 
ascended  a  steep  bank,  into  a  region  ot  larch  woods  ; 
and,  contrary  to  their  expectations.  Ibiind  no  ditliciilty 
in  pushing  I'orwanl  at  the  r.ite  of  three  and  a-lialf  miles 
tliioiiiih  the  country  intercepicd  betwei-nthc  White  l''i>h 
and  K  imiiiistoipioiah  Kivers  ;aiid  :f  lliey  ,ay,  they  could 
take  tl  cir  experii'iice  of  th.it  poitioii  of  the  coii.itry  for 
a  fair  average  of  vlie  whole,  tiny  do  not  apprehend  any  j 
dillicnlty  in  connecting,  either  by  means  of  i-ailroail  or 
a  common  road,  the  country  aroninl  Fort  William  with 
the  eolith  slioiv  of  .Sturi;e.iii  Lake;  b'lt  the  accident 
which  occiiiied  to  the  bo.il  and  provisions  took  place 
bctoie  iliry  rc.iclied  the  \\  iter  parting  whicli  must 
liece-sarily  exist  between  the  he.id  of  White  l''i>h 
River  uiid  the  waters  whicii  Hov  into  Lake  Winipeg;  j 


ofi'f'ir  li!s  cottiict     All  the  family  In-in^  iiti-iciit,  except  some  \iii'  ip  i 

•  liil'li'M,  III' u;i!i  cnalili'il  t<i  M'i'iirf  lii^  rillc  mid  aiiiiiiuiiiti il 

|iii)viile  lii.iise'.f  "iili  un  nxe  iiiiil  a  lent'  iif  liliirk  lircacl,  whu'li  lu' 
^t(^l■ll   ill   his  waili't.     Tliiis  iiiiiicil   mill  piiivi^iniiiil    In'  Irli  i'- 
\il!.iirc  ill  ilic  evi'iiiii,'  with,  lit   In  iii^;  m  cii,  cic.  ^l'  li_v  tlio  cliiMnii, 

Ulul   VMIS  s  ."!l  I.inI   tcl  tlll'lll   ill  till'  I'ill'ht. 

"  '■       .1  it  HIS  (li«i-..vi-rcil  tlial  lie  liinl  i  M-ipnl.  pc"iili'  witi'  s.'iil 
out  i.i  viiri."i>  ilinrliniiii  tn  r..-i  k   liiiii,  Imt  tlifv  ntaninl  Hitimnt 
tiiiii.     M.iic  li.aii  11  wnk  iiassrd  ,,wi-,  iliiriiij;  «liirli  iintliiii.'  Iiml 
ln-i'ii  lu'iml  cif  liiiii,  wliiMi  oiic  (l.iy  he  walktil  into   the  liiis|iiliil  [ 
Ciirryiiij:  tlie  >kiii  nl'   ii   htij;,.  lil.uk    iM-ar  on  his   sliiniliicrs,   mid 
lhni«i:i;.' i-  (iiiivn    he  i-xcliliiliiil:    '  I  ti.lil  ymi  I  wnlilil  liiive   liiiii.'  , 
'Ihia  iii.iii  was  11  tiiii       .1  Imntrr;  it  was   iint    n  s|iitit   iil   ri'V.'i'L'c  ■ 
whicli  priimptid   liiiii  lu  thin  ikiniii:  net.     'Miu  f'iict  \\:\»,   h.' .-..iiM 
ll"t  lirmik  tiic  iil.-;i  111'  II  ili'lillt.      Nnw   his    ii'iHilalinll  was  re  olil- 
lilishisl,  he  ».i.  liappv  ;  his  ln'iillli  \mi«  iii.'aiii  ri'stMreil,  imr  was  this 
ih.  1  i-t  l„.,ir  that  tVli  hif.iiv  liis  >tcahliv  litle."  ' 


ALL  ROUND  TflE   WORLD. 

mil  then-fore  it  still  remains  to  be  scon  what  atnotint 
if  dillieiiUy  to  overcome  the  water  jL-irting  will  piesent 


itself  at  that  point,  compared  w  ith  that  which  it  idl'ei-s 
both  on  the  Old  Portage  Itoiile  and  the  Nortlieru 
I'ortage  Itoiite,  which  they  have  followed. 

All  this  time  hea\y  rain  fell  with  little  interiiiission, 
and  detained  them  for  sevi-ral  days  after  they  had 
arrived  at  the  Kakebeka  Falls. 

On  the  L';!rd  they  leached  tlie  lieiglit  o  land,  and 
nr-xt  morniiiL"  crossed  the  Savannah  I'ortage  info  the 
S.-ivannah  liivcr,  and  commenced  the  descent  of  the 
watci-parting  tow.irds  J.ake  Winipeg. 

till  the  1st  of  duly  they  arrived  at  Fort  Frances  on 
J/ic  la  I'liiie  or  Rainy  Lake;  and,  while  at  breakfast  in 
the  fort,  a  large  number  of  Indians  fornied  a  dejiutatioil, 
headed  by  their  chiefs  witli  tlit-ir  soldier.s,  and  led  by 
the  old  chief  of  the  Lac  la  J'liiie  nation.  It  .seems 
that  they  had  heard  a  riininur  of  Captain  Ralliser's 
arrival,  ami  had  organised  this  deputation  for  some  time 
])reviously. 

The  old  chief  assnined  an  unusually  high  tune  on 
this  occasion,  and  his  liaiangne  contained  in  it  more 
than  the  mere  ovdinary  itnagery  with  which  tin  y  make 
speeches  tiir  the  .s.ike  of  obtaining  presents.  He  said, 
"  1  do  not  ask  tor  pre.setils.  nltlioiigh  J  am  Jioor  and  my 
people  are  hiiiigiy,  but  1  know  t.hi.t  you  iiave  come 
straight  from  the  gnat  connlry,  and  w.-  know  that  no 
man  from  the  Cireat  t^neeii  eve'-  ca'.iie  to  lis  luiii  lied. 
I  want  you  to  declare  to  us  tnitiifnily  wliat  the  C>i'  at 
Qiieeii  of  your  country  intcnd>.  to  do  to  n;-  heii  .h-.! 
will  take  the  country  from  the  Tui  Coinjim  _v 
Allaronml  me  I  see  the  smoke  of  tlie  wldte  man  to 
rise — the  'Lok;;  Knives'  {i.e.  the  Ainericaiis)  are 
trading  with  our  iieighboirs  for  their  land,  and  they 
are  eliciting  them,  and  deceiving  tliein.  Kow,  we  will 
not  .sell  o,   part  with  'nir  lands."' 

It  was  of  no  use  to  try  and  cut  him  .--liort  by  any 
itssuninees  that  ho  was  not  <in)iloyed  to  treat  for  the 
sale  of  his  lands,  and  Captain  I'alliser  told  him  con- 
tidently  that  if  la- did  not  wi.sh  to  j'lirt  with  li is  lands, 
ai.d  also  if  ln'  and  his  people  bi-havcd  as  always  they 
had  done,  that  is  ipiiitly  and  jieaceably  with  tlie  white 
faces,  he  would  assure  liim  that  the  (^iiieii  wiaild  never 
send  soldiers  to   d.-prive  them  ot  their  lands  by  force. 

Mere  an  Indian  (not  of  their  iiiitioii,  but  ot  a  li-ieiidly 
neiglibouring  tnlu-i  innttercd  to  him  in  a  low  tone, 
■'  Jlake  liim  put  it  into  writing  on  a  ]iicce  of  jinper; 
make  liim,  I  say:  and  now  1  have  nnd  it.  for  it  is 
nothing  to  me  uie  way  or  the  other,  Imt  1  know  the 
whites  oil  tlie  (her  s'll"  while  we  alt',  mid  1  say  make 
liim  jiiit  it  into  wiitiiiu  '  Rut  the  orator  Mtid  aside  to 
him,    '-No;    what  he  will  .say  lie  will  keep  fol" 

"  N  iw,"  continued   lie  ii'iaid,  "  what  is  to  become  of 

iisl      We    have    no    nnr inials ;   they  me  all  gone; 

and  wilhoiit  skins  the  Company  will  not  give  us  goods 
from  their  store;  and  only  tin-  the  little  fish  we  take 
we  wiiuld  starve,  and  many  of  ns  do  starve  and  die." 
Captiiii  I'alliser  answered  that  they  were  to  blame  fir 
not  endeavouring  to  inltiMite  their  hinds,  and  tinil 
other  icMiiirccs  for  inainlainiiig  tlienisehes  besides 
liiintini.'.  He  answered,  "Tin-re  aie  none  to  show  n.s, 
and  we  have  no  iniple>ii<  iits  to  do  it  with."  He  then 
i.biected  to  M.  Iioii|-i.'e.iu  collecting  (ilalits.  and  le- 
ipiestcd  that  I  Ir.  Hector  should  Hot  take  away  any 
iiiim-ial  specinii  ii>  as  long  as  tlu-y  were  in  his  terri- 
tories. He  also  lii-i."_'i-d  that  tin  ( llc.it  t^iieeii  might 
be  iii.idc  aci|ii,iiiiteil  with  their  unhappy  I'otidition,  anil 
that   she   might   know   that   his  heart  was  grieved   by 


what  amount 
S  will  picKfiit 
■vliicli  it  iitl'iTs 
!lit'    Ncjitlicni 


■» 


u 


mm 


>\ 


. 


^  ! 


Ill 


Uil 


'i^/k.     '':,    :i: 


■f  n\\  'h 


ll'     .i4:.-,l 


I'll   I    ;i 


|ll.uil'      til,     1  H.^ll    I 


yio 'i: 


'II'; 


;il>'10i'    :■>    Ij,.       1 


iili'li'i-. 


All  tl 


l>,   Ul  ■■'L'illlliMlll,  .  ■:  i! 


!l/l!     .■•(•lllrr     ■..   ll.l  '11.    Ml      Ir.' 
■■■'•'■       '    iVr.    .Mil-   1)    .'!   '•      .    s, 

I  -JOnf..,!;,.   .  ni-;.;,  H'.-C  ■■ 

'•II. 1  l.lii'iv  ji.ltA    f..ri    l-ilr.lr.rC 


■i!'i   tiin 


ii}i.i[i;<.|is.     :  !T.|   I 


h''  'i;;.    ,1  ,,!.  i 


i'!)!^   ■■•■iif.'rr  H-i    u^lo:i  ;  iv.i  h    • 

■   '  ■iTiii...,   ni|,|  ,1,,   .'..(ll.  uii'ii  ii:    .  I, 
H.-.l  iri'iMilv    r.-li.  \.    \  :,t    i.h-   1 1  ,,  ,,ii:. 


.1    ..1.  I 


/if   'irt.  .Ill    M:  ,11. 


Oh 


.1'   'u;v  l!,. 


ll    !■    HUM, 111      -I      .\   I,   II 


II    ll:|*  illUn-l 


i,,-r..',. 


II-''     MIi'l.      !i  ■culili,,.;    I,, 

i!'i  I'l-  ,•  .vi..,|  \vii(,  ! >•■  ;j, 

•f  s !:  ,i.i-.  i;,,ii  :.  ; ,. . 

■  )    r,  -.I  ir.l   1,1.. 


li'T  turn   i|  V  .[  J, 


"I  I  .r  «  li. 


.1.  r.s.s    .1.    HI' 


I    •.:.,'...   \ 


.1  ^>  .■.,i»    .1  rii 


•\  ij  .1    I.;. I 


■  N.il    tf 


■  1     111'  .'I   iw  Ir  I         .11 


"III-  III     '.,.      I 
;^''■l  1/  iii-  w.il T 


J-Wt-. 


•r  i-'i..  ■  fi.,  1  !  1., 


:,    1     ■    M'lv. 


'■  '1^  -  iri'l  M!..  ■  1  ,.,  ,  .^.,,  I,  >ii,  t.il, 
1 '.     Ml...    ,  ,i.;.,.i,  til--  -  A  liiin     .'i.|.;;iii,. 

.;  I'\  li.'  Mill.-..  ,i\  •  r  '«  I,  .-'1  I'l.i-r.  ,. 
Hi  liiU'.-liiTii;      I,     -.ii,,,,i;  ,.!    ,,.,      ,,,  I    ,  , 


>'-:.'  111.") 


..I.r..,i..h 


'iiii'li    1.1 
(,        1,1 


,-" I   '.s  i:ii 


.-'.li:   ii'iil  s,;.-!-;    .i 


I  :  .wiiuT^'  III  «lii,  1- 
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1.1'  ■    -I  !   f,  ,|  11. in 


I.  tin-  I'.  ! 


11-  i-\    I-    1  I 


<!l|l 


111;;   I'.Vix  I.  .,•.    iin.i    it 


iihl.i!..,! 


1    will   l|,-n.;i|ii 


'lHltlUU'M.-fl(  1;.IL 


ll'    it     .  "I'lllHHH,  ..til.lll. 

"II     \Vr,;i,     „t;|_\  t,|lv    „ 

ruilll-l',    ill.-    ll.  1      ,11,    ill,     . 

itTnij-ii-.l 
I. .1,1-  \Vi„  , 
,M  li.i  ,1.-   I--,;,-;  ('.-„!    -, 
!'ii--i   I,' I.  ,,  -.1  i..    ,,. 
T-in!i'-    In    |ij„    i:.,^'.  ll 
!<bi>iii  l.'iir  '.iilc,,  Hi  it.ii. 


i     ^! 


iBil 


li 


■■i.r^^~'< 


III  liii 


Ill    l\:] 

I':  :i  : 


,1 


'  1 1 


Wm 


IN 


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iP 


:«,. 


PROM  THE  ATLANTIG  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 


Ml 


rcaMiMi  of  nil  tlinsp  of  liis  pliililroii  wild  (lic.l  liy  liiiimcr.  '  a  larj,'!'   iittcntivo  connvcKatioii   of  Scnfcli   [icoplo   and 

lli^  iiNkccI   ('ii|itiiiii    I'lilliscr  to  ]iroinisi'  llint.  lie  wuiiM  j  haU'-lji-ci'ds  df  variolic  sliailcs  ami  colour. 

ac-i|iiaiiit   tlir  (irrat-  (^iirfii   of  tlii'si'   tliiiiL;s,  and  to  sec         Tlic  smiiiiiiT  Ihtc    is  very    warm,    and  i'r(i|is    seemed 

lier  iiim^ejf       Hut  lie  saiitied  liiiu  that  Im  would  write     (|uite,  Ijy   llie  rapidity  of  tlieir  giviwlli,  to  iiiaki^  up  for 

Ids  «orils  to  tlie  liij;  iiieu  who  were  in   tlie   lialiit  of    the  loiiij  dreary  winter  of  this  country. 

)- viu'.;  Hood   iidvicu   to  tin.' tjueeii,  and  .so   they  jiarted  l       Thunderstorms  are  (jffreiiueiit  oeeurrenee,  and  th(iu;;h 


Iric'iids. 

All  this,  insi^idlieaiit  as  it  may  appear,  was  of  some 
importance  to  tlieuj,  as  the  chiefs,  with  their  old  leader 
iinil  orator,  weri'  hiL'hly  exc  led.  'I'liere  were  npwarils 
of  L'dO  Indians  inside  the  fort,  iDOof  whom  were  armed, 


apparently  not  .severe,  yet  fic(|uenlly  fatal  tn  hiniaii 
life.  While  Captain  I'allis' r  wa.s  wriliiij,',  a  Ihisli  ot 
lit,ditniiii{  tell  on  an  ln<lian  tent  and  killed  ime  man 
and  three  women  ;  he  f  >und  two  of  them  feartidly  lairnt, 
liUl.  the  remaining  twn,  though  cpiite    ili'iid,  Wfre  .seeui- 


und  their  party  consisted  of  (Ja)ptain  I'alliser,  interpreter,  iii^dy  uulnuehi'd.  Captain  I'alli.-^i'r  deveriljcs  himself 
nml  thrc!)  coinpanioiiH,  and  IIk^  a;;ent  ,in  I  storekeeper  as  havin;;  freipiently,  on  1-ai!  la  I'lnie  and  elsewhere  on 
of  the  fort.  ;  the     route,   olisi^rved    the    li>;litninj,'    to     Hash    upwards 

TIm^  conferenc(!  lasted  two  hours  and  three  ipiarters,  ,  from  the  earth  tn  the  impemliii^'  ehaid,  when  it  olteii 
in  which  perioil  ('aptain  I'alliser  heard  and  replied  to  presents  tint  aj)pearance  of  a  fnrked  !-tring  of  bright 
five  speeclies,  ami  the  gentlemen  in   ehai\nc  nf  the  post  ,  heads. 


seemed  f^reatly  relieved  at  the  Indians  cpiictly  le.iviui; 
the  fort  on  the  siiecessfnl  issue  of  the  I'out'erence 

On  the  r)tli  of  .Inly  they  camped  on  .Siin;,'ecin  f/aki', 
at  the  mouth  of  wdiat  has  hitherto  hecu  e  dli"!  Stiir;'ei)n 


Ciipt.iin  I'.illiser  enLi:i;,'i'd,  on  his  arrival  at  Fort 
Carry,  twel\c  men,  thirty  horse.s.  two  Miiall  wafr^on-s, 
and  live  carts.  In  conse(pu'uc(!  of  the  tthsence  of  buf- 
falo in  this   portion  of  the  ciamtry,  he  was  obli^'cd  to 


Kiver,  and,  accordiii};  to  his  instructions,  (japt.iin  carry  nloni;  with  him  ii  considerabU'  ijuaiitity  of  provi- 
I'iiUiser  starttMl  with  Dr.  Hector  to  e.xplon!  b.ick  ai;aiu  |  sious,  to  last  until  thev  arrived  ndlicicntly  far  to  the 
in  a  S.I'",  direction  towards  tho  White  Fish  Itivcr.  I  westward  to  fill  in  with  these  animals.  For  this  ]inr- 
They  had  not  proceeded  far  wIum  what  appeared  nu'iely  pdse  he  found  the  small,  In  avy  tarts  of  the  coniitiy  not 
a  river  turned  out  to  bo  a  pa.s.sage  to  a  very  liir^'i!  lake,  siillicieiit  ,  and,  <'iailr.iry  to  the  advice  and  prejudices 
They  pushed  acro.ss  in  an  easterly  direction,  ami  of  the  |ii'ople,  bnught  two  small  American  waggons,  and 
searcheil  th(M)|)piisite  shureforan  laillet;  foil  ml  a  very  '  fouii'l  them  most  ellicient 

line  waterfill,  ami  walked  up  the  wo.ids  without  sniieh  !  He  was  not  (li.sa|ip(iinteil  with  the  class  arid  condi- 
dillicnliy  tiir  about  a  mile  and  a  half,  when  they  came  tioii  of  the  hia-ses  obtainc'l  f<ir  hini  by  the  Jlialstin  Hay 
lUi  aiiotlnr  lake  whosit  dimensions  nppe  iri  d  nut  tiir  ('oni|)any,  as  he  had  all  ahaig  bei  n  awaic  that  the 
iuferi'ir  to  those  of  the  tirst.  And  from  all  he  has  halflirecds  of  Joil  lliver  had  taken  their  best  horses 
.seen  l)oth  immediately  on  the  route  and  wheie'ver  he 
has  licviateil  (which  he  has  often  cm  foot  fa'  hours  [ 
while  the  men  were  resting  or  >'o  king).  Captain  I'alliser  , 
lias  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  wli.ile  country  ' 
between  the  water  parting  and  Sturgeon  l,ake  is  lait  a 
mass  of   lakes   and    islands.      The    travi'i-^iug    of   this 

countrv  can   only    be  ell'ecti'd  in   wiiit''r  liy  i ins   of 

sledges  and  snow-shoes  when  the  lakes  are  fr.izeli,  and 
the  iiii'lcrwood,  tin'  swamp,  ami  fallen  timli.'r  are  lilleil 
up  bv  the  Slow,  over  which  there  is  i.lieu  no  dilliculty 
in  travelling  on  snow-shoes;  an  I  ho  was  aware  that 
this  was  not  the  proper  .season  I'm'  carrving  out  tho  in- 
vestigation, (111  account  of  the  lari,'e  still'of  men,  eaiincs, 


to  the  summer  butlalo  hunt.' 


'Tiiis  scttlcnu'iit  is  til'' cli'ci"  ]'i'iivi>i..n  0' pet  of  tlic  \iialsoii*8 
Hiiy  C«nn|i;iiiy,  iunl  it  is  mIm)  lictc  iliiit  have  quantities  of 
jH'UliniciUl  lire  |irii('un''l  limn  ilio  li;iir-lm  ctis,  u  Viice  wlio,  K('t'|iin(^ 
tliemsi'lvi's  di.Htiiict  tVnni  Imtli  Itidiinis  iiiid  W'liitcs,  I<nia  a  trilie 
nf  ihfliischt'S ;  alltl,  ulllienL:!}  tlicy  liavc  luinptcd  snlle  et  tliu 
niJUiliiTS  tit'  the  FlclU'li  Mixaijciirs,  aie  linii'li  inou' iittiulicd  to 
tliu  wiM  am!  savairi!  inaiiiu'-.s  .'f  llic  inl  man.  l-'eit  Clan-y,  olio 
uf  iliu  most  imp  irlant  c-t.ilil:r.liiiunt>  ot"  llic  (I'liii  aii\,  is  i  ret'Ieti 
on  tiio  fork  of  tliu  ll.clHivir  ami  tlic  .\i.>iiii  lioiiic.  in  h  ni:,  1)7"  W., 
and  in  lal.  TiO"-'  Ii'  liO"  N.  On  tin' ii|'|iositii  side  of  llie  river  is 
silaatfd  till'  lioman  (.'atliolic  clinnli,  and  two  or  iline  miles 
tnitiicr  down  tlu'ic   is  a    Protestant    diinclf.     'i  la'  x'ltlin  eiil  is 


mil  provi-~ioiis  wliicli    lie  wouh 


hav 


details  ol'  w  hicli  (i.e.   those  eonuectcd  with    runiiin 


•(pUl'i 

th 


d. 


I'l  tin 


fiinni'd    iilon,'   the   hank  of  the  livi' 
i-.vlcMils  liai'k   to  til 


aliiiiit    tift 


v  11  lies 


and 


U'     H 


.d    till 


iroii;ih  a   woodv,    swanipv 


lak 


e    country) 


Indi: 


liors 


Mil  a  clear  uav 


at' r,  acrordiiii;  to  tlic  oriixiinil  ^rant  from 
far  as  a  jhtsoii  can  di.-liiiLinisli  a  man  tioiii  ti 
la 


oulci  be   far  better   carrieil  oia   by  a    professional   en-.       lord  Selkirk  tii'sl  allcmiiled  lo  t'onii  a  sitilinu'iit  liereiii  1811, 


er  with  a  sullieient  stalf  of  assistants  ail  I  luuilierers,     lait  it   was  sp 


ahando 


iividing  of  which  wi 


lIlO)) 

be  til 

(Jovernmeut  at  homo.     It  is  iii 


Intv 


,f  the   C 


pcrliaj 


IS  more  imiiieilia 


anailiaii  til. in   o 


f   Her   .M^ 


telN 

ijesty' 


"I'l" 


of  llie    lliids 


•d 
llav    ( 


tl; 


le    lliami'ie  I'cs   ami 


'inpaliy,    wla 


l.ii'li 


lilted 


to  bo  regnsted  that 


id Islu'd.  irui  sil''sitjuently    ot'  I'llrcliaolij;  it  of  his  lordsliip.     It 

now  iinndiL'i'S  ahoul  ;i,lloo,  wlio  livi'  as  taiii.iis  in  ;rriat  plenty  iis 


tar  as  ini-i'; 


f.ii'd  ami  clothi 


lU'e  ciHU'c.  lit'ii.      .\s  for  the  liixu 


so  nianv    inihs   o 


should  be  re 


)f   deep 


id    valualilo  waler  carriage    of  lite,  tliev  aro  aim  'st  iinauainalM', 


thcv   have   In 


iirkot 


ll'lei'ei 


I  unavailable  by  so  gre.it  a  nuiiiberof 


er  lliaii  St.    I'aid'r 


the    M 


lall 


insioiiiticant  portages. 


Mil 


if  tin 


(lowttvitr,  uro 


to  I 


10  overcome  liv  eni'ineerino 


illii'iilties, 
at    but   a  ' 


lSnl...Slppl,    II  ( 

.      'the   half-lirieds  liu' 


lisiance  of  nearly 


trilling  expense,   ami  if  ever  the  country  bei les   in- 
habit. 1  it  will  hereafter  enjoy  iniieli  f.icility  lor  steam-  j  I'lee   k 


Too  in  les  over  ii  trackless  pi 
iiniiiei'oiis  tliaii  the  whiles,  and  Hinoimt  to  fi.OOO.  'iliese  are  ilio 
deseeailaiits  of  the  wiiiiu  men  in  tin:  llnd-ons  l!ay  Company's 
eiiiployiiii'iit   ami  the  native   Indian    woin.ii.     'I'liiv  nil  sjMak  the 


id    the    I.I 


(\ 


boat 


comninnication. 


On  Weill 


IV,   duly  Stli,   they 


■d    tin 


111 


il  li\ 
Indian  triht 


chief  I 
lleh 


nil    y. 


tla 


■d  (iiaiit,  iiiiiih   lifter  ihe  iiiaiiiier  of  ihe 


lis  pi 


.1  1 


■  tl 


leiii  now  for  II  hiiij;  jht 


Portage,  the  last   on  the  roiiti 
lied 


i-lfe 


tin 


ml  w.is  iniiilieiited   in  (he  dislnih.iiu'L'    which    oee 


id, 
iiireii  lictweeii 


the   Hudson's   llav  and   Xortl 


W, 


terrnpled  coinniuniciition    by  water  all    the    way  across  I  broii:;ht  to  Can 


to  Lower  and    I'ppi'r  Fort    (J.irry.   am 


Ijike  Wini| 

iisfirius  Fort  I'embiuaon  thentl 


hill    111 


sutlieient  < 


ida  eh: 
ide 


'd  with  till 


~teill     (.'.  lllpallles. 
innrdi'r  of  (ioverm 


II 


iif  the  frontier. 


I'll,'  half-hreids    ar 


aid  h'  lu-o  liiei'd  a.Minst  him. 


b   w  as 
uinpl.. 


hardv 


T 


lu-y 


ch.'.l  I,' 


I'r  Fort  (larrv  on  Saturdiv 


llll 


Ida 


tho  -r, 


at  est   la 


to   the    Fnolish    I'rotestaiit  (,'lii 


id  iv. 


|iriipelisilies    pre 


rapalilc    '  f 

hat  their  Indian 

id    eon-ecpieiuly    tliey    make    poor 


lariistiips  an 


,1   tall, 


farnuTs,  m^'Ui'tiii};  their  laud  for   ihe   iiioi-e  exeilinj?  pleasures  ol 


iihout  four  miles  distant,  and  were  much  surprised  toliiid  \  the  chase.      Ihcir  hntl'.do  hiiiits  arc  ■.laiducleil  hy  tliu  whole  tnU). 


i42 


ALL  ROUND  THR   WORLf), 


;' 


i :    r 


In  (irdcr  to  savo  ns  mnrli  oxtr.i  tnivclliiiL:  as  jiossiMc  '  wouM  serve  to  nernit  tlie  horses,  whoso  pasture  hitherto 
to  the  Iiiirs4's,  lie  sent  on  tour  uieu,  with  tnur  cnrts  iunl  huil  im!  hecu  '^in»\. 
ten  hni-ses,  straight  to  Heax  er  t'li-ik,  with  nnlers  to  I  On  li-avini,'  Kort  ( Jarrv.  they  erossed  tlie  river  A  s- 
await  tlieir  nrrival  in  that  quarter  ;  whih*  Dr.  Hector,  '  sinehi)iMe,  and  proeeeih')!  nj)  tlie  Krd  lliver  fcr  nine  or 
Mr.  Sullivan,  and  hiniselt'  took  the  route  thither,  rlii  '  ten  miles,  in  a  eonrse  ii  litth?  east  of  south,  through 
Pi'iuhina  and   TurtUf   Mountain.      This    arrangement  j  cttpse  iind  light  tiniher.     They  erossed  the    liivcr  Sail 


anil  tiike  place  twice  li  >i'iir,  nhoiit  tlio  middle  of  Juno  and 
OctoU'r,  ut  wliieh  ju'riinl  iinticcs  iire  M-iit  mutid  to  all  tin-  riiniilioH 
to  iiu'i't  on  II  (vrtain  ilav  on  the  Wliitc  II-tsc  IMain,  iibmit  twenty 
miles  from  Fort  tlnrry.  Wvrv  the  trilic  is  dividod  into  tlin'c 
bands  "'rtt'li  takinj;  a  si'imrate  ri)ute  lor  tin*  jiuriMjse  of  falling;  in 
witli  till'  lit'nls  i>f  linlValiH's.  TlieM*  l»,iniU  are  nu'li  aivonipanii'tl 
by  about  noo  carts,  drawn  citlicr  by  an  ox  or  a  horso.  Tbeir 
cart  is  a  curious  looking  vehicle,  niaile  by  tlicni>civci»,  with  their 
axles  fastened  tejretbcr  with  wocnien  pins  and  leatlicr  string's, 
nails  n-'t  bfinir  procurable.  The  tire  of  the  wheel  is  made  of 
bull'alo  hiile,  and  put  on  wet  ■  when  it  becomes  ilry  it  sbriiiks, 
and  is  ko  tiu'bt  tliat  it  never  fulls  otf,  a?id  lasts  m  buit;  a.Htlie  cart 
holds  tojjellier. 

IVmmican  is  made  as  follows  : — Tlie  thin  slices  of  dried  nn*at 
are  jxnnided  between  two  sttuies  until  the  lihres  sej)ariite  ;  about 
fiOlbs.  of  this  are  put  into  a  bay:  of  bulfalo  skin,  with  alxuit  40  lbs. 
of  melted    tat,  ami  mixed  tn^'cther    while    hot    and  served    np, 
forminu  a  banl  ami  compact   niass ;  hence  its  name  in  tlie  (.'ree  , 
lan^'uaire,   }mmiui,   siu'iefun^'    meat,   and    {-mt    liit        Kach  cart  j 
brings  liome   ten   of  tiiese   hairs,   ami  all   that   the  half-breeds  (tf  j 
the  Red  Klver  do  not  retjuire  f  >r  themselves  is  eap'riy  bouL'bt  by 
tlie  Company  (Iluilson's  Hay)   tor  tlie  janpose  o*' sendinir  to  the  ' 
more  distant  posts,  wliere   food   Is  scarce.     {.)ne  i>ouud  of  thin  is  j 
coiinidered    etpial    to    four    poumU    of  ordinary    meat,    and    the  | 
pemmiean  keeps  for  years  perfectly  ptod  exposed  to  any  wi-ather.  j 
Ti.e    liand    of    halt'-bred    liuiiters    with    uliieli    tlie    writer    wxs 
ioumeyiii^  on  tiieir  hutfalo-lnniliii;:  exp<(lition    nuinlKTuil  nlmut 
two  hundred   hunters,   l)esides   wone-n  and  children.      They  live 
durini;  these   hiiutiu;.'  rxenr.-»ions    in    lodp-s    formed    of  dressed 
bntlalo  skins,     'fhey  arc   always  accompanied  hy    an   impute   of' 
(lo^s,  which  follow   thciit   from   the  veltlenient  for  the  iiurpOM' of  l 
lecihn^'  <ni  the  nH'.il  ;ind  remains  of  the  slain  luitfalo,      Tiic>e  dtys 
are  wvs  hke  woIvc-j,   Imlh    in   appearance  and  diojiosition,  and  no 
dout>t   a  erossdtre-d   betwci-n    the   wolf  ami    the    tbijj.     A  ^reat 
many  of  them  aeknowl-dj^e  no  particular  masle-,  and  are  Home- 
times  daii;:erous  in   times  of  scarcity.       I    have    myself   known 
till  m  to  attack  the  burses,  and  eat  them. 

Our  camp  broke  up  on  the  foUowin;;  niornin;;,  and  proceeded 
on  tlieir  rouJe  t*)  the  open  jilains.  The  cart  eontaiiiiiiL'  the 
Moineiianil  children,  and  each  decorated  with  souie  llairs  or  other 
ron-'picuons  emblem  nn  a  pole,  sothatcach  liunter  nii;,'ht  reeotinise 
his  ok\u  from  a  distance,  wound  iilf  on  a  continuous  line  extending 
(or  nnles.  accomi'anied  by  the  hunters  >iu  liorseliark 

'Ihe  foilowinu''  day  ue  jn^sed  tlie  Dry  l>anee  .Mountain,  wiiere 
the  Indian-;,  bciore  fr'iin'^  on  a  war  (tarly,  h  vi'  a  cu>to,n  of 
dancing  and  t'-i>tnii:  for  three  days  and  nights.  'I'ins  practice  is 
alwav- oliserveil  by  ynuu;^  warriors  ir"ili^  to  batt  le  for  the  tirst 
line,  to  aci  nsinni  them  to  the  privations  and  fitiu'ue  wiiieli  they  I 
must  I  Npeet  to  undcrpi,  and  to  prove  their  stren^jth  ami  endurance.  | 
Should  any  sink  under  the  fati^'uo  and  fastimr  of  this  <'eremony, 
tlicy  are  invariably  sent  back  to  tbo  camp  where  the  women  and 
cliildrcu  remain. 

After  leaving'  this  mountain  wc  proceeded  on  our  route  w  itliout 
n.eetim.'  any  bullalo,  allhon^h  we  t^aw  plenty  of  indications  nf 
tiielr  ha\intr  been  in  the  neighbourhood  a  short  time  pre\ious.  ' 
Oil  tiie  eveniu;.-  (»f  tiie  pei'ond  day  we  were  visited  by  twrlve 
S'oux  chiefs,  with  who  n  the  balfdirceds  bad  been  at  war  for 
fccM-iu' years.  They  caiui' for  the  purpose  of  n<-^otia'ini^  a  [mt- 
.naneiit  peace,  IfUt  whilst  suiokin;.'  ii  piih'  of  peace  iu  tluir  council 
iodpe,  the  dead  body  td  a  h  ill'-breed,  who  had  ^rone  to  a  whoit 
iii-iaiire  from  the  cam]).  WIS  hrouu'l't  in  newlv  scal)n-d,  and  Ins 
de.ilh  was  lit  once  a'tribiitcd  to  ilie  Sioux.  Tlie  lialtbreeds  not 
leiii'^  at  war  with  any  other  nation,  a  general  feeling;  of  ra^re  at 
once  sprung  up  in  the  \oun^  men,  and  they  woubl  have  taken 
in^ianl  rcvcn;_'c,  f.ir  the  •.uppo^rd  act  of  treachery,  upon  the  tweKe 
cl.'i  f>  in  ihfir  jutwi  r,  but  f -r  the  interference  it  the  old  and  more 
t>  niH-ratc  of  tlie  iiuly,  who,  diprce.itini:  so  tla^'i-ant  a  Ineacli  of 
the  l.iws  of  ho-ipitality,  I'scortid  tliem  out  of  daiiL^i-r,  but  at  tlie 
ranie  time  told  them  th.it  no  jieace  could  be  coneludeil  until 
catisfiction  was  ii.id  fiir  the  munler  of  their  Iriend." 

Three  daxsalter  the  departure  of  the  Siuux  cliiefs,  our  scouts 
v.erc  observed  by  tluir  cimp  inions  to  niaki*  the  signal  of  eiien  i.  s 
beini;  in  .iijjht.     Immediately   a   hundred  of  the   Ijcst  naiunted 


hastened  to  tlie  8|>ot,  aml.concealinjjtlieniselvesln'bind  the  shelter 
of  tile  hank  ol  a  small  stream,  sent  out  two  n.s  dic<<y»,  who  ex- 
jMised  themselves  to  tlie  view  (.f  llie  .Sioux  ;  the  latter,  sup]H)sing 
them  to  be  abaie,  rushed  upon  them,  whereupon  the  ctuiceatetl 
balf-breedi  sjiranp  up  and  jMrnred  in  a  volley  umonjijst  them, 
which  brought  down  eight.  The  otliers  escaped,  although  severid 
must  have  l»een  wounded,  as  nnieli  lilood  was  afterwards  discovered 
on  tlieir  track.  Though  ditlcring  in  very  iew  resjiects  from  the 
]>ure  Indian,  they  do  not  atlopt  the  |U'aetiec  of  scalping,  and,  in 
this  case,  being  satislietl  with  their  revmge,  they  al)andoned  tho 
dead  l)Oilies  to  the  malice  of  a  ^mall  party  of  Saidtcaux  who 
lU'companied  them. 

The  Saidtcaux  are  n  band  of  the gr-at  Ojibew ay  nation,  both 
words  pigiiifuiig  **  The  Juniiiers,"  and  derive  tlu'ir  name  from 
their  expcrlness  in  leaping  their  canoes  over  the  numerous 
rapids  which  occur  in  tlie  risers  of  the  vitiniiy. 

The  follow  iui^  afternoon  we  arnveil  at  the  margin  of  a  fimall 
lake,  where  we  encamped  rather  earlier  tl  an  usual  for  the  sake 
(d'tlie  water.  Next  day  I  was  gralilicd  by  the  siibt  of  a  licrd 
of  about  forty  hutfalo  i  ows  in  the  distance,  iind  our  bunt  em  in 
full  ehaso ;  they  were  the  llrst  1  bad  cecu,  hut  were  too  far  off 
forme  tojoinmthe  >pi>rt.  They  succeeded  in  killing  twenty- 
five,  which  were  iii!.tribnted  through  the  camp,  and  proved  moat 
welcome  to  all  of  U",  as  oiir  provisions  were  jictting  rather  short, 
and  I  w:is  nbiiU'lant  1\  tirtd  t)f  ]ieniniican  and  dried  meat.  The 
fires  beiu;  lijhtcd  with  the  wood  we  had  brousjht  in  the  carts, 
the  wlmle  party  commenceit  teasiini;  with  a  voracity  which 
njipearcil  pe  h'ctly  tisunii^thiiii;  to  nie  until  I  tried  ni\self,  nnd 
loiind  by  experience  how  niuch  hunting  on  the  plains  stimulates 
the  npp»  t  ite. 

The  npi'cr  part  of  the  bunch  of  the  bufTal",  weighing  four  or 
five  pnunds,  is  called  h\  t'-.e  Imliaiis  the  little  hui.cb.  Tliis  i-*  of 
a  harder  iind  more  conii  ait  nuture  tlinn  the  re-t,  though  Tcry 
tender,  and  is  usually  )  ut  iiMde  for  keeping  'I'lie  lower  and 
larger  part  i-*  r-tickcd  witli  tat,  anil  is  very  jidiy  and  deiieious. 
i  lice,  witii  the  timgncs,  are  consnlered  the  ilvliciKJes  of  tho 
hufl'ilo.  Aliirtl'O  party  bad  ^ort:e>i  tbcueclvcs  with  as  much 
as  tlicy  could  dtvour,  they  pns>e(f  the  evcniUL'  in  rousting  the 
marrow-lioiie.i  andngdini;  thcniselvcs  with  their  <-ontents. 

Kor  (he  next  two  or  three  days  wc  fell  m  with  oidy  a  single 
bulbili),  or  dnall  lienls  of  them,  but  as  we  pr  cecded  th.  y  btcumo 
nuHO  frequei  t  ;  at  la^t  our  scouts  brought  in  wtird  ofan  immense 
bcnl  of  bulfdo  1  nils  ulMuit  two  mdes  in  advance  of  us.  They 
arc  known  in  the  di-lance  from  the  cows  h\  tli»-ir  f'ccdingBingly, 
and  being  Kcatierel  wider  over  the  pains,  whereas  the  cow*  keep 
together  for  the  i.rotcetiou  of  calvi's,  whidiare  always  kept  in 
tlie  centre  of  tl.e  herd.  A  liad'-hreed  of  the  name  of  Mallet,  who 
was  exceediniily  attentive  to  me,  woke  nic  in  the  morning  to 
Hceouipiiny  bim  iiia'hanceof  the  jiarty,  that  I  might  have  tlie 
opportunitv  o(  examining  (he  bnfl'ahi  whilst  feeding,  bciore  tho 
conine-nccment  ot  the  hunt.  Iisix  hours'  hard  riding  brought  us 
within  a  (pnirlcr  of  a  mile  vi'  the  ncaie^t  of  the  lierd.  Tho 
inani  body  stretched  over  tlie  plain  as  far  as  the  eye  cculd  each, 
i-'orinnatily  tlic  wind  blew  in  oiir  faces  ;  bad  it  blown  o^-^rds 
the  builaloes,  they  wimld  have  scented  lis  nuh'S  off.  I  w  she  1  to 
have  a'taekcd  them  at  onci-,  but  my  eoinpauion  wnnld  not  al  ow 
me  until  the  rest  of  the  party  canio  up,  ms  it  was  eonirary  to  the 
law  of  the  trine.  We,  tlurcfore,  sheltered  our.»-elves  fioin  tho 
ob-civati  n  of  the  herd  behind  a  mound,  relieving  (<ur  li«>rscs  of 
their  saddles  to  <mo1  Ii  em.  In  about  an  hour  the  hunters  ciime 
up  to  us,  numbering  nlunit  one  hundred  and  thirty,  and  im- 
mc'liate  preparations  veremadc  for  the  chase.  Kvery  man 
loaded  his  gun,  looked  to  bid  priming,  and  cxaniinod  the  etU* 
cacy  (jf  his  sad<ile  yirtbs. 

'I'bc  eider  men  btronj;ly  cautioned  the  less  experienced  not  to 
t*hoot  each  Giber,  a  ciiution  by  no  means  unnecessary,  as  sneli 
ace  dents  freipienlly  occur.  Kach  hunter  tlien  filled  his  mouth 
witii  halN,  wliieli  li»  drops  into  the  gun  without  wadding,  by 
t  IS  nil  ans  loading  miieli  quicker,  imd  being  enabled  to  do  so 
wiiiUt  his  horse  is  at  t'ull  ^pee<l.  It  is  true  tJiat  the  gun  is  more 
iia)>le  to  burot,  but  thai  liiey  do  not  !>eem  to  mind,  nor  does  lh>} 
gnu  carrv  so  far  or  so  true  ;  hut  that  is  of  less  conBCtpieiicc,  as 
theyulwa\s  fire  quite  cloiie  to  the  unimal.     Everything  being 


PnOM  THE  ATLANTIC  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 


Md 


liiiij;  four  or 
'I'liifi  i-i  of 
tlionnh  very 
L'  Io«or  iiiul 
mI  (k'iii'idus. 
IK  iv*  of  llio 

nil  IIS  inui'li 

OHsting  the 

tonts. 

r.ly  a  single 

an  iintnt-ii^je 
u».  They 
'liin^  singly. 
It'  I'livv-  kt't'p 
iiys  kept  in 
lliiUol,  wlio 

[lllnrilillfr    to 

lit  Imvo  llio 
bi'Tore  tint 
tiroiiglit  119 
lierd.  Tlui 
■t  uUI  I'lU'li. 
wn  iiV'.rJs 
I  w  ylic  i  to 

I  ntit  hI  o\v 
niry  to  tlio 

H    fllllll    fllV 

ir  li'trsi'8  of 
iittT)*  ninio 
:,  und  iiii- 
CviTv  ninn 
d  the  illi- 

|ci'(l  not  to 
,  a»  siii'ti 
liiis  inuutli 
lidding,  by 

II  to  do  I40 
lun  is  niori) 
pr  dors  tb'i 
Luoni'i',  in 
ning  being 


nlno  niilos  from  Fort  flarfy,  a  river  about  twi'iity-fivo 
yards  wiili",  liiil  not  |i\it  ilowii  (in  tlii'  iiia|w.  SJKirtly 
afti  r  this  tln^v  oiiinni'il  im  tlio  open  j)rairio,  ovrr  a  wcll- 
(Ictiiu'd  roail,  iinlicatiiii,'  a  tar  j,'reat('r  amount  of  tratlic 
than  iio  hail  oxpeilcil  to  lind. 

♦Jwiiifj  to  till'  jH'iiili.ir  ilistrilmtion  of  tlic  wooil, 
which  consists  chiilly  of  tine  oali-lfcis,  cnnlini'il  |iriii 
cipally  to  tlio  rijjlit  liani-  of  tlic  rivor,  tlic  tortuous 
course  is  very  distinctly  iiiai':  ■ !  liy  juttiii;,'  promon- 
tories, called  liy  tiio  )iciiple  "points."  Captain  I'alliscr 
oliserved  that  tlie  iii;riciiltiiiai  n  'O'lrces  of  tlie  country 
wen;  not  nicreiy  conlined  to  Kcd  Hivei-  settlement  ; 
for  the  country  tlirou;;h  wliicli  they  passed  assumed 
fully  eipial,  and  in  some  )iliices  even  superior,  iidvaii 
tunes,  lieing  more  elevated  aliovc  the  river.  lie  hail  ; 
an  opportunity  of  noting  the  nature  of  the  soil,  wiiere 
a  settler  was  diiijiinn  for  marl,  aliout  six  tiet  ileep,  and 
Hjjain  at  I'emoinu,  where  he  had  a  speei;il  examination 
made.  It  consists  of  aliout  one  tiiot  of  lilack  vej^etalile 
monlil,  restim;  on  a  free  clay  loam  of  a  lii;ht  ;,'ray 
colour,  liiit  very  delicieiit  of  sand  Thi'  hanks  of  Hie 
rivers  in  this  countiy  are  composed  of  remaikalily  teiia- 

cinus  clav  mud,  rcmlerin;,' access  to  tl i  very  ditlieult, 

anil  ^reat  care  is  reipiired  in  )ias>iiiL;  a  carl  or  wii;;i,'nii 
iicro.ss.  On  the  l':.'iid,  they  erosvil  Hiviirc  ipii  (Irate, 
citiiated  tliirly-eiuht  mihs  south  of  Fort  (iaiiy  :  this 
river,  as  well  a.s  the  lliver  Sail,  they  passed  in  iiontoons. 
The  ferrvman  was  a  very  intelligent  American,  who 
had  rei'ciitly  arrived  in  the  country  l>y  a  route  from 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  following  the  cour.se  of  Kced 
(irass  Kiver. 

ifc  dcsciiheil  the  first  twenly  fne  miles,  west  of  tlie 

l,ake  of  tlie   W l.s,  as   lieiii^;   llat   and  swampy  ;    he 

partly  [laddled  and  partly  drai;u'cd  liis  canoe  over  a 
slightly  rising  eonnti-y,  until  he  reached  Itecd  (Iniss 
Lake,  out  of  wliiih  a  river  tti'  the  same  iiaiiii'  Hows  ; 
the  coiintrv  aliout  the  head  waters  of  this  river  is 
swampv  :  luit  the  lower  half  of  its  course,  according  to 
his  account,  flows  through  a  dry  and  liiiely-wnodcd 
ooiintrv  ;  he  liesciihed  the  river  as  shallow  and  swift, 
only  lit  for  very  small  canoes. 

Captain  I'alliscr  idiscrved  huge  pieces  of  diiftwood 
scattered  alioiit  the  higher  spots  of  the  prairie,  indi- 
cating the  extent  to  w  Inch  the  wliole  country  is  Hooded 
in  spring  ;  hy  ineasurement  he  ascci'tained  that,  last 
.spring,  the  water  rose  thirty  live  feet  aliove  the  present 
level  of  the  stream,  and  it  is  liy  no  means  unusual  for 
the  tlood  to  reach  ten  feet  higher.  Oppositi'  Fort 
reiiihiua,  the  river  is  alio'it  eighty  y.iids  wide  ami 
twelve  feet  deep  ;  in  ilry  se.isons  it  tiills  live  t'ect  lower. 
From  .Mr.  Iddings  (an  American  civil  engineer)  he 
ascertained  that  the  river  is  liftccn  feet  ihep,  two  hun- 
dred miles  farther  np  ;   hut  there   its  widih  is  reduced 

iiiijiiftrd,  we  nil  widlii'd  our  liorsoa  lowards  the  .iri-d.  Uy  the 
linii'  »e  liiid  none  aliout  two  linndrcd  ui-cN,  the  lienl  perceivnl 
;.*,  mill  ►tiirted  oil' in  ihc  ii|.|io..ilc  direclion  at  the  lop  of  llieir 
?piTil  ;  we  now  pill  our  liorses  lo  tlie  I'lul  cnllop,  ana  in  twenly 
niuiulei  were  ill  llieir  midst,  'llieie  could  not  i  live  been  less 
than  lour  or  live  thoiisaud  in  our  iiiiineaiutc  viciniiy,  uU  bulls, 
iii't  a  siiiL'te  cow  amongst  tlieiii. 

The  fciiie  iio.v  be.iiine  one  of  iiitenso  eiciteineiit :  the  liiiKO 
bulls  thundering  over  I  lie  plains  in  Inadlong  confusion,  whist 
the  fearless  hunters  roile  recklessly  in  their  nil  1-1,  keeping  up  an 
ineessant  fire  ut  but  a  few  virds'  distiitn-e  from  tiieir  vieliins. 
I'pon  the  fall  of  each  biilia  o,  the  sueeesslul  liniiter  nicreiy 
tlirowfl  some  article  of  his  apparel — often  oarr  ed  by  hiin 
solely  fur  lliat  pnrpise-to  denote  his  (n\n  prey,  iin<l  tlieii  rush 
on  to  another.  1  hc-e  iicirks  are  seareely  e\er  di^;iiile  I,  Im' 
slioiild  a  don't  uri>o  as  to  the  ownership,  tlio  carci-s  is  c.ju.illy 
divided  ui"oiig  lb.;  vluiinaiits. 


tn  ninety  feet,  and  the  frei|uciit  oceurreiice  oi  shaip 
bends  in  its  coiirsw  would  make  it  dillicult  to  ascend  in 
steamhuats. 

The  nioiilh  of  I'cmliin.i  River,  which  Hows  fioin  the 
west  into  lied  River,  is  situated  aliout  two  miles  Muith 
of  the  hoiindary  line.  Upon  this  river,  at  a  distance 
of  aliout  twenty  live  miles  from  this,  Ca]ilain  I'ulliser 
wiLs  iiitiinneil  tiiat  there  is  a  thriving  American  town, 
called  San  .losid',  which,  owing  to  its  recent  estalilisli- 
ment,  is  not  yet  re.'ooni.sod  ju  the  maps. 

iMr.  Iddings  also  informed  Captain  I'alliser  that  a 
land  company,  liy  whom  he  was  employid,  intended  to 
liiiild  a  town  at  this  |iiiiiit,  and  estahlish  a  railway 
statiyn.  As  yet  the  place  is  hut  a  wild  waste.  The 
1  Iiidsoii  Hay  Company's  Fort,  where  they  were  residing, 
was  a  Very  small  estalilisliment,  and  the  American  one, 
situated  ahoiit  two  miles  on  the  other  siiL'  of  the 
present  line,  is  still  smalloi-  and  more  wietelied  in 
a|ii)earance. 

It,  however,  )irofe.sses  to  bo  a  post-oHico,  and  carries 
a  mail,  .said  to  lie  a  monthly  one,  from  St.  Paul's;  but 
as  tin'  postn. aster  was  away,  and  had  left  the  jilace 
under  c.ire  of  aii  Imlian  woman,  who  spoke  no  other 
language  hut  her  own,  Ca|ilaiii  Palli.ser  could  not  tiirm 
very  accurate  ideas  as  to  the  safety  of  any  letters  com- 
mitted to  its  care.  Still,  liowevcr,  he  was  induced  tu 
forward  despatches  on  the  rssurance  of  tin  intelligent 
half-lii-ccd,  who  told  him  that  tlio  post  oHict;  there  was 
'•  a  very  lucky  one."' 


I    The  rriilily  of  this  town,  and  the  lite  about  and  towards  it, 
ii  voii  -hed  fur  by  the  iieeoinpaiiv  nn;  eMra.l  frmii  a  reeenl    Rdl 
Kivcr  Sellleliieni  new-p.iper-  l  From  the  .\(,r  -  U'l.^ln;  Nov.  I.'i) 
—  \Vc  have,  Hitluii  llie  hist  few  days,  rceived  iiitehigeine  oi  all 
iiwt'nl  eii-e  of  sullc'rinj  on  the  plains.  A  parly  wa^  i  delv.joiiri  ey- 
ing Iroin  St    I'aiil  to  I'embina      A  priest,  stalioiied  at  I'eiiibii'a, 
who    Has    Iravelliiig    in    their  eoii.paiiy,    left  tiieni   .soiiicwhere 
iilioiit  thedniiid  forks  to   eoinc  ahead.     On    the   2iid  iiislant, 
when  wi'liin  hvs  Ihnn  a  diy's  journey  ofliis  desliiiiiiinii,  he  was 
overtilU'ii    by  a    fcarfiil   snow-slorin,    luiil.    losing    hi:,    way,  got 
niired  in  that  slouiih  of  despond,    tlie  givind    marias,   other   suio 
I'enibina.      lie  li:id  Hi  lie  or  iioiliiiig  lo  eat,  and  but    an  old  robe 
to  cover  hint  wiih.      When  lie  got    into  this   swamp,   his  horse, 
being  ill  very  )ioor  eondition.  wiis  unali'e  to  get  tliniiigb  il,  ami 
lay  down  and  dud  the  li:sl  ni^lit.      Why  tlio  iirie«l  did  not  make 
a  gre.il  ell'orl  toexIri'Mle  hiniM'll' and  pusli   on   to    I'eiiibiiia,  not 
more  than  ten  or  twelve  miles  distant,  seems  almost  nnaeeount- 
alile.      He  was,    it  appe.irs.  short  sighted,    and   may  from    this 
eansc  have   lieen  deterred  Ironi  setliiu  out  on  foot  ;   or,  perhaps, 
;  lie  th  light  his  parly  wniiUl  soon  eoiiie  np  lo  bis  relief,     .Vt  all 
events,   he  steins  lo  have  nbaiul  nieil  all   hojie  tif  gelling  any 
I  lariher,  unaiili'il,  anil  laiil  liiniself  down  besiile  bis  hor.se,  under 
a  pt'irnig  sho.ter  of  snow  ami  ii  pit  reiug  northern   blast,  both  of 
wliieh  liistt'il  forty  eight  hours,      lli^i  agnny  can   be  belter  iiiia- 
giiieil    than   ile-erdifil.      .No    t'uitl     ihorongbly    drenched— colli 
I  r.ieUiug  bis  frame    -the  near  pro-peet.  of  a   ini-eralile  death  — all 
'  combined  to  produce  the  gloomiest  (les)iair,      lie  hiy  ill  this  stale 
live  ihiys  and  live  ni.'hls  — from  Salii.ilay  to  Thiirsilay.     On  the 
!  Ion  th  tlay,  feeling  life  to  be  fast  ebliing,  ami   thinking  ail   was 
lo>t,  bo  wrote  his  will  in  peneil  on  a  slip  of  paper,     W  hen  loiiiid, 
'  he  was  on  the  point  of  death,      llelial   eaten   parts  of  the  raw 
llesh  of  his  de.id  liorsc.      He  was  tlreailliilly  swiiUen  willi  the  wet 
and  colli,  so  imieli  si  indeed  that  Mr.  .S.  IViteli  irtl  (ftir  it  w;is  bo 
and  liisjiarty  that  foiiuil  liimi  eoultl  not  g.  I  olV  his  clothes  willi- 
niit  culliiig  them  to  pieces.      He   uaswi'appul   in    lilankets  and 
kept  uarin;  andwt'ure  told   that    evt'i-y  aileiitioii   ptissible  was 
pa:il  to   him.      .\fter    some   tlelay   the   priest    was    ei-mfortably 
plaeetl  in  a  waggon  and  brought  tin  by  Mr,  IM'itehartrs  men-    ho 
liimself  starting  aheail  to  get    helii   fitiiu    I'enibina,      Mr,  Holello 
at  once  line  1  np  a  iiarty  "iid  sent  them  olV,  iintl  in   due  time  tho 
priest  was  brought  to  J'einbiiia,   much   recovered,  but   still  very 
pKirly.     The  evening  btl'i-e  ho  was  diseovere  1,    .\lr.  I'rilehard's 
parly  eneanipetl  within  a  stone  east    from  where   tlie   poor  inan. 
1  ly.      His  plaint ivt*.  p  tdiil  m  'a nine's  were  tlistimily  Iieaitl  tbirin^ 
tlieoniel  lloiirs  of  the  liii;lu,  lo  their  great  tllarin  and  perple.\lty, 
I'lie  iiiorning ;  eareli  revoaletl  1  he  sad  picluie  wv  have  ulroudydrnwo. 


^ 


M4 


ALL  ROUND  TIIK   WORLD. 


,    if 


M 


I  :i 


^  1       In 

■■     t    1 

I'i'  -!■ 
'     1, 

\ 

It.   il|  I'l'iirM   rniiu    :i    -;mI  ■-•'i|Mi'iit     ii'd-    i'i'Mii    ('m|>I:iiii 

I'lllli-ii'l',  tluit  lliin  lowli.  ulil,  ll  lllr  All'^l'i  AllH  I  li'lll> 
arc  illiout  !'•  lilliltl  Ml  tlh'  llMiiIMT  lil.c,  I-  I.I  ll,.  r.illnl 
St.  ViiiiTiit. 

(t  is  til  iiliM'ivcil,  tli;il  iiiiiillii'i'  I  \|ii'iliti.i|i  lia.l  linii 
ili.s|i;itcliii|  liv  tlir  ( 'iiiiMiliMii  ..;.iM'riiiiii'tit.  Mini  Icil  Ly 
.Mr.  ( iliiiliiiini.  ail. I   .1'  \>liii.|i  ui'  >li,ill  rKcwIirri'  ;,'iM.  ,i 

full    ari'iiinit.    in  r\;iiuiiir   ih iintry    lii'twi'i-ii   l.,ilii' 

Sii]it'rliir  aihl  l.aUi'  W ill i| •<■;,'.  liilt  liv  lap  tlu'  iii.i^l  im 
|inrtaiit  |iait  lit' till- I'liiiiiii'v  i.s  tliat  whirli  ( ',i|it.  I'alli-rr 
has  i'\|iliiri'i|.  W'li  ili'Vi'i'  iiiav  I"'  tlir  rliar.n'lrr  dl  ilir 
i.Miiiti'y  lii'ivvi'i'ii  llii.  Iwii  lakrs.  it  inii-i  In'  a  lniii;  linn' 
I..I.I11.  it  ran  111' lit'  |i.ilili.-al  iiiieri"t  a.-*  ciiliiliarril  «illi 
till'  iiiiiiilrv  Id  till'  \M'-l  .'t'  l'"iirl  (iarrv.  Tin'  lasi 
.li'.N|iatcli  ii|'('a|itaiii  I'alli^i'r  sli.iws  lliat  ;  an. I  itslmws 
alsii  liiiw  till'  iH'iij.li'  111'  till'  riiili-.|  Stall's  arr  cri'ciiiii;; 
ii|i  tii«ai'il>  till'  lniuinlai  y  ainl  M'llliiiL,'  I  Iuti'.  I  Sill  u  illi 
rifi'i-i'iii-r  I.,  llir  .■..iiiitry  luiwrrii  l.aki'  ."^iiiii'i'liir  ami 
l.il<|.    \\'iiii|irL'.    \\lii'iv    ('a|ilaili    I'allix'r    spfiiks    of  a 

lli^tri.■t   lit'  i.ii'.'li    A Is.  ali.iiit    ttti'iity  .si'Vi'fi  iiiilis  in 

li'll.,'lli,  lirtwiTii  till'  Wliitr  Kisli  Hivir  an. I  lli.'  Kails 
lit  till'  Kaniini>tiii|iii.iali.  that  hrin:;  tn  llir  la-l 
.■I'  till'  wairr  iiarliin;  is  an  inii.nri.iiit  I'.irt,  Ihimii^.' 
il  sii,.ws  ili.it  llirii'  is  a  lai'i;i'  dislrirl  «illiiii  liii' 
IHi'^rnl  liiiiil>  I't'  ( 'ana. la  til  fur  ihi'  lialiitatinii  i.f 
ia\ilisi.il  man.  Mi. it  lliaii  this.  Mr.  Saltrr.  |ir..\  in.ial 
l.iinl  •siirvi'yi.r.  uh.i  was  smi  ..iii  l.y  tin'  • '.ina.liin 
•  iiivi'i-ninriit,  uriii-s  |..ilii'  ill'.  .1.  thai  in  ninnim,'  ,iii 
i..\j.l..riij;;  lini'  ir.nn  l.aUr  .\i|ii.s.sim,'  |.i  ri.i.'hi'uaiiauiii; 
r.ay,  mi  1  aki'  Sii|ii.|i.'r,  In'  rum'  nii  .i  nia.^niliiinl  Iim-  i 
I.f  iMiinlry  ali.uin.lini,'  in  i\ny  ii'.|ui-ili'  f.ir  iniiniiliaii' 
.".■lllrliirii' — wrll  w.il.'l-..!.  a.lniiiMi'ly  I  ilnturi'il  with 
ii:a|ili..  lii'crh.  ir.'M  smi..«1.  an.l  ..ihir  hai'.l  «...i.ls,  nn.l 
I  asily  arri'Ssilil..  W'r  n.'.-.j  n..l  -ay  h..«  i;n|.i.|laiil  liii- 
t.  rrit.'i'y  «  ill  hr  l.i  <  '.ina.l  i.  .ami  ihi.s  ili-.-.iM'r\  iiilinly 
lir.irs  ..111  ill..  |i.|i..|l  wlii.li  I 'r.  I'liLTsliy  n.a.lr  i.|'  wliil 
111'  .~aw  am.  hraril  in  pas-iM:,'  in  ih.-  11..11I1  ..f  l.,il;.'  .".iii 
jiilii.r.  «ill;  ii.-|ii..-l  I.,  ihi-  \.r\  r..'4i..|i,  wlii.h  hr  ralN 
thr  Siiu'ai'-M.ij.i"  I  >!-liirl.  .Mr.  I  il.i.lln  in  -.'1.111-  lih.vv  i-.' 
t..  liMM'  linn  lilL:lli\  -al  .-lii'.l  «  ll  i,  ihr  I'.iUllliy  «  hii-h  111' 
i'.\;iniin.'.|.  II.'  |.in'-iii..|  ih..  -.-.ni.'  r.."!..  a-  I'lili-i'i'. 
I. lit  :it  a  hit. 'I'  I'l'ii  .1  .if  thr  \i.ir.  aii.l  h.'  ii'|...|'t-.  il  as 
I'.Mii'iii'.y   I. Mil.'   11:1.1   l; 1.    hi'    n,.'a-uii'.l    ti.-i's    ninr 

tl'.  1    in    I'il'.'llllll.li'l;.'.'. 

'I'll.'     .li-ll'.'—     I. .1111.1     tn     |'ri.\:lil     .imnlj.,'     ill.'      111. li  III- 
.iri.-rs   i'i I   ,.;ill-.'>    II. >|   uilhin    ihr  rnllll-nl  ..f  till'    lliiil-..n 

liay  (' I'lny.      Ii  aii-i's  fr.ini  tin'  iin|.r.iiliii'l  iMii.'-- "f 

this  |.ail  1.1  till'  .■nimiry.  Il  i-  m.t  fri'i|m'iil.'.l  '  '. 
any  lar;,'i'  .•iinniiils.  Iiiit  alin..s|.  iiniii'ly  liy  lal.l.ii-. 
Till'  lii.li;ins  liM'  |.iiii.i|i,illv  nil  ral.liil-.  .-iii'l  1I..1I1.' 
thi.'insil\is  in  ialil.il  skill-.  'I'ln-y  al-n  ]i.irtlv  >al.-M 
on  .sliiiL.'ii.|i.  wiii.ii  liny  I'.itrh  ill  tiini's  in  ili.. 
laki'.s.  ."s..|iiiliiiii  -  ill.  \  ar.'  \v.  11  fr.l  ami  ^iiim  1  iim - 
tlii'y    all'     in     a     -I'lt.'    ..t'    liii_.ii  imj    -i  ,r\  .11  mii  :     Iml 

this    1I...S    Hi.'     im|.iy    luL'li't't    I'll     till'    |.irt     ..f    ll 

"111.  ".  11'  ll.i'  ti'ni|.i.raiy  ijiiariliaiis  <if  th.a  i.ni 
t.'iy.  .\  .■..iisi.li'i'aliii-  aiiiiiiint  nf  a^'iii-nlliin'  has  l.|.,n 
)iiar|i-ii|  ,'ini.  hi.'  ihi'  liiiliiin-  i.n  ih.'  K.iiiiv  l..iki'. 
W'h.ri'vii'  tiny  h  ivi'  )ii.r-i.v.'i':in..i-  iiml  .lili;,'i  n..'  in..iii.'li 

tn  i|.'\..ti'   lilrlll-..K.  -     t.i    L;:i|.l.n     illltlll'.'     I  hi  ■\     Sll.i'r.  .  1  : 

thi'X  :.'i..w  |..imI..i'-.  h.'i'i.s.  .-iml  ..(hi-r  |ir...|ii.'i.   i..  .-..mi' 

l'\'.  lit.  hill      IIS     a    ^.'mT.ll     mil',     a-    CM'I  \  l.n.K      kll.iUs. 

th.'y  all-  \i'r\  .h-i  ii  iiir.  h.-.-aii-.'  tlirvwiil  n..|  hilmiir. 
Tlii-y  pii'li'i'  star\.iii..n  in  H..rk. 

'I'll.'  I"  i|. 1 11. lli.. 11  nl  :hi.  Ill  >v   Vini'iii'an  tn«  n  ..f  .<an.li.-i  I' 
111- St    \'in.  1  111  n.ii-i-i  -nf  hi  11  i.-ha- V.  1  11,1-  i.l  .\  |.nl,,  .\nii' 
rii'iiii  li.ili  fi.i'.l-,  u  hn.-..  .III..!  .i..|.i.mli.ii,.|.  is  nil  I  hi'  |ii-..- 
L'i'i,'U.s  nl  ih.'  hultUln  hum  ,  ;ini.l,  wLili!  tLu  murcyuuliiliil 


I'll  1  nl'  thr  inali'  |iii|inlatiii|i  arr  away  on  tlm  hunt,  the 
I  hi'ii  .h'lini'i'li.s.s  iiilialiil  nils  an'  siil.ji  1 1  tn  the  ininail.s 
nl'  llir  Siniix  Imliaiis.  'I'lii'si'  linljaiis,  last  yi'ar, 
allai'kiil  that  scttli'liirlit,  stiili'  iiltimst  all  the  hnrsi's, 
ami  shut  a  wniiiaii  ami  the  Hrliiiiilliia>t('r  :  imlriil, 
harillv  a  year  pasM's  without  NKini'Miinilar  ili'|.ii  ilaliniis. 
.Mtliiii|i.'h  that  liinil  nf  the  I'miliiiia  llivrr.  mi  wliiih 
."'all  .Insi'f  i.s  sitiiatril  i.s  iiisiili-  llm  rnitiil  States' tir- 
lilnry.  \i't  till'  ■.'ii'atir  |iai't  nl  lln'  livrl'i-  rmii-i'  ii 
I  hi'..ii..'li  till'  rii'iii>h  ilmiiininns.  ll  is  an  iiii|iiii't.iiit 
rivi'i-,  ami  may  lii'i'r.illir  |irii\i'  valuililr.  as  alliiriliiif; 
tiiiilitirs  for  Iia\  i..;al  inn. 

t'.i|itaiii  Tallisi-r  yiii  -  mi  tn  say,  mi  thi'-llh  .\iii;nst, 
liny  I'l'.i.'hril  'riirlh"  .Mmiiilaiii.  ii  hill  ri^ini;  mil  nl  llin 
|.i'.iiiii'    111   ahiiiit    ;llili    Iri'l.  ;     it    is   .'Id   niih'.s    Imi;.,''    I" 

111- 1.      'I'liis    hill     is    niir   (if  a    .siiii'S    that    they    siiirts 

Irari'il.  .scatli'i'i'il  iri'i'V'nlaily  ill  a  liiii'  Iriun  smith  last 
111  iinrlli -wi'st.  'I'hc  linnmliiy  lint'  passes  ihrmiuh  the 
Miinmil  lit  this  inmintain,  thrn\uii!,'  the  "Smiiis"  nr 
M. .ii.se  liJM'i'  iiitii  the  Ihitish  piisse.s.simis.  'J'his  river 
has  hiiherlii  lieeii  wmnu'ly  laiil  ilnwii  in  all  inaps  ;  ami 
111',  tlieret'nre.  paiil  strict  altenlimi  that  its  emir.se 
shniilil  111'  .aii|'lill\    lai.l  (ln»  11  ill    iheeharts. 

•  Ill  till'  l.'ith  nf  .\in.'iisl  they  reai'liiil  l''nrl  {''.lliee  mi 
r'l'.iMI'  ( 'I'i'i  k.  Here  (  aplain  ralliser  fmiiiil  ihe  liieii 
h.'  hail  Milt  ilil'i'i't  I'lnin  Knll  Hairy  with  iheten  hiirse.s, 
ami.  a-  they  hail  iinu  r.'-ti'il  iiinre  than  a  week,  hetiink 
liie-i'  li'li  linl'si's  nil  all  I'N  peilil  i.  .11  l.i  "  I  .a  n.ii'he- 
I'l'ii'i'.',''  haxin;;  the  limses,  thai  hail  linii  hitherlii 
Ir.niliinL:  «  il  h  I  In  in.  tn  rei  iiiil . 

I'l'n.ei'.liii',.  mi  a  -i..|ih  \M-I  emii'se  I'l'iin  I''iirl  Klliee, 
thi'V  airivi'.l.  mi  tin'  l>llii.f  .Siiuiist.  at  .Mnnse  Mmiii- 
l.'iiii.  .'lie  nf  the  I'haiii  nf  liilU  aliiiM'  inriiiinneil  It, 
like  the  'rnrlle  .Mmmiain.  i- inMreil  « illi  ih'ii.se  wnnil.s, 
lake-,  ami  >"anips 

(111  the  -Hill  .\nL'ii-l  ihey  aitiveil  au'iiiii  on  tin) 
Mnii.-e  nr  •■S..iiri-  l;i\.i'.  ami  lure  hr  lleetnr  tirst 
iji-i'nx  .'ii'.l  in.ilnla  \.r\  lair  ipialiiN.  I'lmn  this  pniiit 
.iltli.'  M.  lie  liiM'i' an  hmir',-,  riiie  lirmif,'ht  them  In  tlio 
•■  I!...  h.'  I'lr.ee"  A  .-ini;ii!ar  a|ipearam'e  is  here  prn 
ilili'i.lnn  I  ll  ■  |...  ks  ami  -Inne- l.y  he  eninliilieil  ai'tinii 
i.f  till'  aim.. -pliiii'  ami  water;  the  layers  nf  .sjnnl  ami 
.lay  f.'iiniir.'  ih.-e.  l.eiiiL;  iiiii.|nal  in  liarilness.  arc 
\\..in  a.em  liiiiL'iy  intn  i;iniesi|iie  shapes,  atliii'ilin:,' iiiweh 
a-i.'ii-hlinnl  t'.  the  IliiHalis  ainl  halflireeils  visilinu; 
,h"-|..t 

111"-.'  I  .ipi.iin  ralli-er  wa.s  \  i-ile.l  hy  a  lai'u'e  niinilicr 
.it  St.. I.'  111. Hal, s.  .elelir  111  .1  a-  the  irieatesl  hm-se- 
ihi.  v.-  HI  the  ii.niiii\  ;  hnuevir.  h.'  i-i.mealnl  all 
,  ppieh.  ii-i.iii  fnr  hi-  Iml -.s.  lie  alsn  ilisenv  el  e.l  that 
111.  at  «  a-  a  \  I'l'V  sear.  1'  all  iele  animiL,'  llieiii.  as  they  haii 
h't  fill,  n  ill  with  liiilliiln  I'm-  many  ilays  lie  hail, 
hi.vM'Mr.  Iieeii  fmliliiate  ei  iiii;,'h  In  kill    twn   Imlls  that 

III. . mill..',  ami  .-I'.iin  .1  I  lair  j; Iitliees    ami    the  safely 

nl'lii-  hni'-.'-  l.\  L'i\  ill'-'  thi'lii  the  ine.it,  in\  ililii,'  llieni 
t.i  i..nk  ami  pr.p.iie  tlnir  n«li  lea.-t,  tn  wliiih  he 
a.i.le.l  s.ili.e  lea,  silL.'al'.  ami  llmir.  ile-irinu  tlniii  ill 
relniii  til  L'li  inl  hi-  Imr-.s  all  niiilit.  which  ininnc- 
linii  ihi'V  rev;.u'ili'.l  as  a  emnp.inieiil.  ami  tiiillili.Uy 
pelfiil  nil  .1. 

'I'lie  Inll.iw  iiii;  ilav  till  V  retiirm  ll.  ami  reachcil  I'uit 
I'illlce  III  the  --'ilh  nf  .\ii:;ii-l. 

till  .  \amiiiiiiL;  the  Imr-es  he  hail  Ict'l  liehimi  at  that 
p.. -I  wli.'ii  he  slarliil  f  r  •■  Itnelii'  rercce,"  he  t'lnlll'l 
lliiiii  Iml  .siillicicnll\  rieiiiitcil  In  priicecil  we.stwaril  tn 
the  l']ll...»  :  he  thelilnle  iletellnilleil  til  Wait  il  fcw  (lays 
|i'ii;,'e|'.  lie  likew  i-e  liiiiml  that  his  liniilc  ami  iiiter- 
iireler  Wit's   .-^u  friglitciiuil  at   the    jirusjiect  of  eiituriug 


ill     I'W     tin) 

li.r  liist, 
1  llii>  |ioiiit 
lii'in  III  llic 
.  lii  ri'  |irc)- 
iii'il    .irlii.ii 

iiiiil   iiii'l 

lf>>.      Mil* 

ml;  iiiiii-li 
vi>itiiis' 


iiiiiiilicr 

I  luTM'- 
■lllrd  all 
IrJ  tllllt 
tlir\  ha.l 
lie'  I. ail, 
.nil,-  t!;at 
lif  sil'fty 
Ml:   tlii'iii 

Kllirt,      Ih' 

iliiiii    ill 


1    iii{iiiii'- 
railliti.lly 

lliil     I'ult 

111    at  lliiit 

]]!■      tullllil 

■^t  wanl  til 

I'rw  ila\s 

ml    ilitrr- 

iliti'l-iug 


li" 


H! 


>  I ; 


•\  ■■       I 


'■  'i 


ijiii 


FROM    TIIR   ATLANTIC  TO   T|||.;    I'ACIFIC. 


317 


t)ic   niinkfiiol,  ninnfrv,'   ttmt    lin  (,'iivl'  IjIiji   v.tv   h\sr    •<iil.  ivd  ili.'  iih„t  wr^tcni  [Kirt  of  tlic   ten-it' nv  mst  of 

ill|.T|.|.l;lth.l|   MS    IM     iIm'     |';irilitir,    „(    llic    I t.'    Ill-     ill.       llll'    ILulii     M.  .11 1|  t  ,1  i  IIS   I . .   «  llir),    I  ||,.    ||l„|s,,l|    |i,H     Cnln- 

i.ii'l  III'  lliis   »MS   iiltiiiisl    lllll^llll^^ll, 


trml 


t.i  ;i.| 


111-    tllllvtulT     .SliU'll'll    11   I 


Mr.    <'liii>ii 


/llirf     mIHi 


it'     llh'      lllIlK 


llr>M'lll,'l'l'  III      |illliy    I  III' 


I! 


:lil<l  tl 


Wili.lr 


('.iiii|iiiiy,  rniiii'Niiii^' till'  si'i'vii'i's  of  Mr    MK.iy   din'     iiiitr.ni'llni  liv 


riiiiiilrv  111    till'    liiM'liv  .Mniililiii 


ll.S     WIIM 


iillinr  in    cliui'i'e   lit'   |''ii|-|    Kllir 


till'    Wlllll'    lllllll. 


us     illl      llllDI-lil'iliI-     I 


;uniiii|iiiiiy    liiiii  111!  till'   i'X|ii'i||||iiii. 


Mr.   (;iii 


.\iii 


Imli 


lliiit 


mil'   III    Irailr 


ii'ri'iv  inn  liis  ji'lli'i',   mil'    llifci'   iliiys'    jniii'Mi'y  li 
liiiil  lit    l'''irl   l''.lliri'.  ,'Miil  li|'iiii''lil   will 


li' 


liiiii    II  I'i'iilli'iii.'iii 


nr  tliri'i'  iiiti' 


iii:  full  I';! 


|.a-4i' 
liy   tvi 

Mif-imi    HlH   IKtillll,    1||-.| 


.,U   111'  li; 


iiiic  riiutiiiU'iiN  I'lirti*!.  Iifiikiii  Hilly 
i;riiiihil.     'I'lii'  (^iii  .\|i|ii'lli' 


Is.'iS      I'l^iirlm    I 'ml  I    liiul,   1.' 
iiii.l   li. 


tl.  |.iit  ill  .Mi'.   M'K;i.v'h  |iI,i,'.',  Hii'ivliy  iihiriii;,-  ilir   M.lii-     ri-iil.-.l  imihy  Ni'ur..  Hlirr.'  thi'' iiii.sli.ii'  i-  -ilimiiil 

nlil"  xorvii'i's  of  till' lllllll' lit  his  ili>|iii-iiil.    Ill  ill,.  iiii';ii|.     mnii'ti'il  II  t'liininrtiilili'  I.v.Ikhui',  I'l'iu'iil  in  u  Kunlcii,  uml 
tillii  .      '11    till'    "til    lit'  Si'iiti'lillii'l',    lili'liliL!     lii^    Imrscs     I"i"'"'-i"' nix  nr  wM'II  i'hhs  uml  c.iIvi'h.     TIh'  Iti'V.  .Iiiiiii'>  S.tin 


siiHi>' 


Stl'll    tl 


ri'Siiiiii'    ii|ii'i',iliiiiis,  lio    sl:ii'l 


iiarv   newly  iiniviil,  II  imlivi',  nl  ■SvMiiii|iy  Cii ritfili, 


<'X|M'iliiiiiii  iimli'i'  Dr.  Ili'itnr  till  tin'  "  <^iii  .\|i|ii'lln  " 
laki's,  luiij  ri'iiiiiiiii'il  licliiml  iit  Furl  l''lliri'  until  Im 
hIiiiiiIiI  wc  nr  lii'iir  t'rniii  .Mr.  Clirislii',  wIium'  .siilwr 
qiU'iit  arrival  mi  Si'iili'iiilinr  illli,  sit  .Mr.  .M'Kuy  ut 
lilicrty  ;  iiml,  iit'ti'r  ui'iniinls  wi'i-is  iiimli'  ii]i  iiiiil  Iriiiis- 
Crrrc'l,  In;  stirtoil  mi  Imrsi'liai'k,  in'riiiii|iiinii'il  liv 
.M'Kay  mill  I  «ii  of  lii.s  iiii'ii.  mill  iivirtunk  tlm  i'\|irili- 
timi  ill  lliri'i' ila\s  at  llm  t^tiii  .\|i|m'I1i'  I  iki's,  ,iIi mi  lll.-i 
mill's  wi'sl  lit'  Flirt  Klliri'. 

On  Siiinl.iy.  Si'|iti'iiilii'i'  I  .'Itli,  tliny  rfniaiiinl  at  lln- 
(i>ili  .\|i|M'lli'  lakrs.  Till'  llililMin  liiy  ( 'iini|i:iiiy  lii\,' 
a  small  tl•al|il|l,'•||||^<f  tlmrc,  tlm  niust  wi'slrrn  I'ni'i  jn 
tlin  trrrilnry  ;  mnl  tlinrn  tlmy  t'miinl  ii  1  ir^i'  I'liiiji  nt 
Cii'i'.s  iirrivi'il  t'nr  trailiii):,'.  ('aptaiii  Palli>rr  smt  lur 
.Mr.  I'ratl,  tlic  niissimiiiry,  m  lui'sliii','  liini  |.i  I'lmn'  anil 
pay  tlii'iii  a  visit.  Tin'  wmtliy  iiii<simiaiy  is  a  |iiii',' 
I 'ri'i-  lii'liaii,  ciliii'iiti'il  at  Itnl  liivir.  Hi'  i'i'|iii'ts  tin" 
( 'rrcs  a.s  lii':;iiiiiiiii{  In  ii|i|ii'i'lii'ii'l  -raniiv  nl'  liiill'iii, 
Mini  many  am  iiin^t  aiixiuiis  I'l  try  a^ri-nliiri'.  lln 
tliiiiks  tliat  it'  tlmy  li.nl  ii'^'iii-iilliiiMl  ini|ili'iiiriiN.  .^imli 
as  s|iaili's,  liiH'.s,  mill  |i|iiii;,'lis,  tliny  >  ■  i  laiiily  \v..iil.|  I'.mi 
iiit'iu'i'  o|iri'.ilimis.      Tliis  iijiiiiimi  I '  iptaiii  I'allisi'r  I'lHiinl 

[ii'i'tty  fii'iii'i-al  animi),'   llm    | plr  ul'  tin'    lliil-.n    l!iy 

('mii|iaiiy;  ami  In'  is  |ii'i>iiaili'il  iniii-li  '^hhI  r..ul  I  Im 
ilmii'  liy  iiii|iiirliiii;  llin  siiii|ili'r  kiinls  nl'  a','riiiilt  ii'.il 
iiii|i|i'iiiriits.  I'ratt  lias  sit  tin'  I  mliaii..- ,.ii  nX'-i'llriit 
i'\aiii|ili'  liiin^i'lt'.  mnl  '.'I'uws  >'.i|iil,il  lii'liaii  I'.iin.  Iiariiv, 
alnl   liiil.ll'ii's.  -        rill'     t^ni     Ap  ic'Mi'     I  ikr^     111  ly     Im    I'nll- 


Inill 


ii|iiiil  I'r.itl's  I 


mill  ill  till'  um-'li'ii,  wlii'i'i'  wv  tiiunil  liim, 


'  Tlii'i'i'  in  II  utiiry  liilil  <<(  n  lai';.'!'  i'ii'iiiii|iiiiriit  ul'  IlliicU',.,  t 
(ciriiH'.l  ill  til's  iii''';.'lili"iirliii  "1,  I'lr  tin'  |iiii'iiiis.' nl'  liiiiitin:;  miini.j 
ttu'  1.111  iniii'i'.     lir.>vviii,r  tiri'il,  li  iwcvir.  nt  so  prai'i'l'iil  ami  i^rmilili' 

ill iii'aliiiii,  till*  yiiiniiri'P  warrinrs  nt'  ttir  allu'tl  liilir^  ilctrr- 

liliili'ii  In  iii.iki'  ml  ilii'iir'.ii'n  iiit-i  llli'  tiTriinrii-s  nf  tin'  .Xs-iiu-. 
liiiiiii'.^.  11  iviii;;  ir-iiu'  tlirnii^li  III!  t!io  rri|in.^iti'  riii'liaiitiiii.|its, 
tliry  Irl't  liiliiiiil  llii'iil  nlily  till'  nlil  Hull,  Willi  Illl'  H.i'mll  ii'iil 
rliilil'i'ii.  .M'irr  II  siii-i'i'ssl'iil  i'aiii|iai'.'ii,  tlii'V  tiii'iii'il  tlair  >1i.|  s 
li'iiiU'Uiiril  ill  triiniii'li,  Inailnl  witii  M-alps  anil  niliri'  s|ii'ii..:   a,  il, 

nil  rrai'ilill^;  llio  l,,p  nl  till'  riil-'l'    tlial    nvi'rliinln  '1  lll,'  l'.llll|l  nl'   til,' 

iiilinii  ami  ,ii'''iin',  Irss  nt' llii-ir  lia'iil,  tlu'v  nntilii'l  tl.i'lr  api'r'iaili 
ill  illl'  imi  iilly  s'\,'.ii'ii,' I  'Ill's  ,it'  tli'ir  s'lii;;  nt'  vii'lni'v.  V.M-.y 
Inil'ji',  lin..\|.v.  r,  \\asas.*tili  aa,l  >il,'ii;  ast!i,.,_'r.ivi' ;  iiiuiiit  liiiT'li, 
niii^iii^  iiinri' IniiiUy  IIS  lli,.y  iiil\aiu'.  il,   in  nr  tt'i*  In  t'niH'i.jil  thfir 

Clllntiniis,  tlli'V  t'llinl  Illl'  f,  11  tall'  nl'lll,'  lllallL'Iril  I'lri'M'S   nl'  llli'ir 

|iari'iil»  ami  s;siii--,  lit  Ihi'ir  wivi.,.  mill  I'liiiilri  11.  In  a  huhI,  tin' 
Assihi'li'iiiii's  iiail  lacM  tliii'i'  t'l  ti'1,1'  tlii'ir  i'i'\i'ii::i'. 

•  "(  h.iili's    rnll,'    -a\s    I'l-nli'.sni'    lliml   I"  .Niiri'alivi'  nf  tla' 

Canal  an  I'.il  liiv,  r  Kvpin;  iii^r    l'\p.  iliii'iii  nt'  In.',?,  aii'l  nf  tin- 

.•\siiMi'linim'  ill,  1   .~;,l-kali'lli'«  ■.■1   Kxpi'irill;.;    I'".xp,''lilinll    nl    lsr)S"i, 

"isa  lialt'.lir,.il  I'l',',  liist  ,,t'  till'  Clniri'li  ^li7^i,■llal•y  Suii'iN,  hi  .1 
iii'ipiaiiili'  I  Willi  lii,'  lailMtsnf  liiiliiiiisaiiil  nl'  ila' liull'.'li.  Ho  naic 
liu' a  fT'Hiil  il.'al  nt'  \alll.ilili'  inl'nriiiati'ill  ri'spi'i'lillL:  t!it'  cnlin'rv, 
mill  witli  ('liai'iii'ti'i'i..ili('  tii'm'i'nu'n V,  it  iini  (  lir;stiaii  .lyiiipatliv 
(wliy  th.' il'ialit.  IVni'-s.ir  lliml  r  i.  t'llil  .Inliii  M'Kay  tii  tain'  a 
Jiiiili::  lirilir  l'i'l,'iii!ili^  In  liiiii,  wl.i'ii  111'  !irii\fil  III  llu'  \\\^- 
ci'iii.  iital  kill  it,  ill  linmiur  111'  mil'  i,i'ri\iil.  iVatt  slmiM-il 
nil' S'liiii*  spi'riiiM'iii  nl'  lijrtiitii  nial,  takni  lr.,.ii  a  1  i',l  Iwn  t,',  t 
thick  :i:  tlie  WihiiI  Hills,  l.i^'llty  miUs  s,iiilli-«i'-i  nl'  II. i'  ('.in- 
|iaiiy's  post.  All  nlil  Imli. Ill  in  Ins  rnnipiii)  I.M  iw.  tl.  I  li,' 
ri'1111'iiilM.'ri'il   till.'  wi.nlo  of  till'  pioviiicu  tliiuiigli   ttl.i  il   "(•  l.ail 


li.iliai  (' Til  H\H  u'l'iiwniu',  as  wi'll  as  p'.talni's,  liiniips,  Ijiiiiis,  uml 
I'tlii'r  niliiiai-y  vru'rlaMrs.  (In  Siiii'l.y  ur  aili'inliil  Hivin'  in 
I'i'.itCs  li.aiv.  'I'lii'  Hi'v.  Mr.  Siiltri'  niiil  tlii'  pruMis,  in  I'ln^Misli, 
Willi  ^'I'l'al   I'liri'  mill  I'nrrrcliii'-s.     Hi'  pri'iirlnil   in  I  ijilii'way,  iiinl 

II  liuiiii  was  siiiiu'  ill  till'  Ci'rr  liiii|{iiat'i'.  Ili'liiiv  llii'  Hcrimin  tlm 
iiiis-i 'iiaiy  >iirpriM'.l  lis  liy  wakinj:  up  a  ilrnwsy  Iinliaii,  wlin  wuii 
1  iijny  iiir  a  ipiiit  iia|i  in  a  rni'mv  nl'lla'  i'n,,iii,  ami  liailinj:  liiiii  to 
till'  Iriiipnrari  ri  ailiii;;  ilr^k,  (•niiniH'iiii.il  till'  I'lTrinniiy  nt'  piililic 
li.iplisiii  .My  a.t.iiii.liimni  was  imt  iliiiiiiii>lii  il  wlii'ii  lin'  irviiri'inl 
(.'i'litli'iiiaii,  lin'iiiiii;  In  iiii'  willmiii  any  pi'i'.iiiiiiiiiry  iinliri',  miiil 
alii'ii|.ily,  •  .Vaiiii'  II, is  mail  I'  Aflrr  a  iiinim'in's  n  lin  linn,  I  miiil, 
'.lllllll.'     .lllllll  w.ilki'il  In  Ills  lii'iM'li,  mill  WHS  sunn  iippannily  Inst 

ill  llni.<y   .linnliiT  In;, II  l'niiM.inlHn|."  nf  tin'  ),rivil<  u'l '1  mill  lllrssin(;n 

nl' wha-li  iciiil'  Clirisiian  I'.ipiisni,  iluly  rt',i'i\,',l,  liail  iii.iili'  liiiii 
till'  inliiT.tnr  Wlii'ii  tin'  Kiv.  .Imiirs  Sclli'i' ai'i'iviil  at  tlii'  mis- 
si'iii  last  aiitiiinii,  tin' Crcis  nf  tlin  Samly  Hiils,  laniii(.'  ri'ri'ivi'il 
iiiti'Iii^'i'iii'i' that  till'  Uislinji  hall  si'iit  II  'pra_\iii^  iiian' In  ti'iicli 
llt'iii  till'  truths  111  t'lirisii.iii  ly.  ilii'i'i'tnl  iin's^cn^nTs  In  iinpriro 
wlii'iiiiT  Ila-  1  yri  ai  pr.i)  in;.:  filial*'  hail  m'IiI  jilrnty  tyf  nnii ;  it  sn, 

tlli-y    Wnllhl  snnll    lliTnllll'    InllnWiTs    nl'    thl'Whit,'    llian's    .Mllllilnu.' 

Illl'  iiii--i'iip'rs  rilurniil  wiili  thr  iiilrHii:i'iiiv  that  tin'  yri'iit 
I'i'ay ill.' I'.iil, t'l' hail  lint  niily  niiiiiiiil  tl)  si'iiil  nnii.  hiil  he  linpt'tl 
lliil  tin'  I'laill  frci'-s  wnillil  sunn  iilialtil'ili  lin'  prartirt'  nf 
ili'iiiamlllitr  rum  in  i'X''lniiiLii  fnrtlnir  |ii'iiiiiiiran  ami  ruin's. 
.Mr.  SiiMi'i'  spiaks  Kin'lish  vry  llui'iillv .  'fin'  Hi M  t'nr  li;s  lahiair 
i- '  x'l'iisivi-,  hill,"  11"  I'lnl'i.sv.r  lliml  tli'iiks  "  ii"!  i  'ry  pMiiiiisiiit». 
Wiii'ii  i-iiivrr-iii;;  willi  tin'  I'ni'snf  t'  i'  Siiiily  Hills,  many  .'I  ihi'iii 
1  xpi'S-,  ,1  II  wis!,  1,1  liiiM'  tlii'ir  I'liililri'ii  t  iii^-lil  l,y  whili'  imii,  hut 
ihi'y  (lal  lint  app  ar  In  liki' till'  iili'a  nt  tlair  la'iii^'  tiiiiL'ht  hy  ii 
iiaiivt'  nf  il  it'iTi'tit  iii'iir  n.  'I'liis  is  all  iiii|:nrlant  pnii.t  In  he 
iili«'i'\''tl  in  till'  Hi'hi'iinn  nl  imtivc  iiiis>ii,niirii.s.  'I'ln.'  si'lni'il,  hnw. 
I'vn-,  appear.!  lii'i't',  as  I'lsfwlicri'  aiimiiLr   liiiliaii  trilifs,  In  hi'  tin' 

III  ly  s'lii'  j.'1'nnml  Inr  ns  aMi-hii  ir  tin'  Inir  faith  a;  nii'.'  ihcni. 
'  Ti'iirh  my  rhililri'ii  I'm-  Iwn  nr  thru'  yrai'.'i,  liul  hi  iiir  rnllnw  Ihi' 
ways  nf  my  fallnrs,'  sai,l  llii'  Cliii'l  nf  Ilir  Sainly  Hills  Iniiii'." 

A  I'l liii'f.  ii.iiiiL'il  "  llrnki'ii  .-Vnii,"  ill  the  cniirsi'  nf  a  Inn;; 

siiinke  with  Ml-.  I'linl  Kaiio  uml  lis  fillnw  vnyapins,  lii'iran  talk- 
iii^' ah  ml  Illl' I'ifirls  nf  till'  ii;i.s!,,iian''s  aiiinii;:st  Uis  prnpl,',  mill 
si'i'ini'il  In  think  lliai  tlii'V  wniil'l  imt  hi'  vrry  sni'i'i's-fiil ;  fur, 
tliiiii;;!:  I  I'  iliil  iml  iDliTli'  1'  with  ihi'  l'''li'.;i"iis  hclii'f  nf  any  nf  his 
trllri',  yil  nimiy  tliiiin;lit  ii-in'iliil;  ami  his  iih'ii  wa.«,  that  ,is  Mr. 
Uini'h'll  hill  li'iM  him  tint  what  In'  pri'ai'la.'il  was  thu  niily  triis 
I'n.iil  1,,  Inaii'ii.  ami  .\Ii'.  llnnlir  lnl,l  him  iln'  siiiiii'  lliiii^',  anil  sn 
iliil  .Mr  'IhIni  aii'l  as  tiny  all  llirri'  saiillhiit  tlir  ntlnr  Iwn  wirr 
wrn'i;.-,  ami  as  lin  iliil  iml  i.iinw  whirli  "US  rit'lit.  In-  llmiiL'lii  liny 
nu.'ht  In  I' ,11  a  'niiinil  ai,n.|i:;~:  ti.iins,  Ivis.  iiliil  thai  tin  ii  In' 
W'.iil.l  ,^' 1  wit  I  ilii'iii  nil  thru'.  I  nl  ninil  lln'y  aL'nul  In'  wnu.il 
wail.  Ill' thi'ii  tnlil  till' parly  that  Urn'  was  n  IriiiliiiiMi  in  li's 
trill,' nf  nlil' nf  theiii  liaviiiu  lii'i'imii' a  t'lir'stian.  ami  hnw  hi'  was 
v,ri  ;:.riil,  ami  iliil  nil  llial  in'  nii-lil  ;  ami  llial  whi'ii  In'  ilii'il  hn 
wiistakili  ii|i  1.1  Illl'    whit,'  iaall'>  hraviii.  wlnrc  i'V,.nlhiii).'  was 

M'l'y  tr 1   ami  viy  hi'aiail'iil.  innl  nil  wi'ii' happi  ani.iiiL'st   ilnir 

frii'nils  anil  nlativi's  wlni  hail  i;"iii'  1  ifni'i'  thi'in,  iiml  wl.i'Vi'  thi'y 
hail  ivi-rvil.iiiL' 111  it  ll.i'whii,'  man  Im's  anil  Imiirs  fm- ;  hut  ilic 
lialian  cnn'.il  nut  sliavc  llu'ir  jny  ami  pl''a~m-i',  Inr  all  wa.~  ."timiu'L' 
l-i  hull,  aii'l  hi' iiii't  nniu' nf  till' ^pil•its  nf  his  mii'i'slnrs,  ami  Ihu'e 
was  11.1111' tn  wi'loiiiii' liiiii ;  im  hiiiiliiiu'.  imr  tlsl.iiiL',  iinr  any  nf 
llni-c  j.ivs  ill  whii-li  111-  iisnl  t'l  lU'l-uht  i  ami  his  .spirit  (.-ri'w  snil. 
Tlnii'ilu' (ii'i'al  MuiiMnii  calliil  him,  uml  a>kiu  liiiii.  "  Why  art 
Ih.  11  .sail  ill  this  In  aiitifiil  In'.ivi'ii,  wliirli  1  liavi'  iiiaiU'  fur  ymir  jny 
:il,il  liappiniss'-  '  'fin  n  tin'  III. fall  tnM  liiin  that  hi'  siflhrll  for 
till' i'..mpaiiy  nf  till' -I'.ii's  nf  his  n  L.tiv,  s,  ami  lliul  lii'  fult  lone 
aial  Min.iivi'ii  .  S.I  llif  tir.'at  .Muniinii  Inlil  him  Hut  ln'i'..iilil  not 
-r\v\  hiin  In  tin'  lii.liaii  licuii'ii,  ns  lu'  liail  wliilo  on  nurtli  I'liosi-n 
tlis  nu,.,  I, III  that,  us  hi'  h.i.l  li.iiia  M'ly  (.'iii'il  man.  In'  w..ulil  seinl 
Iniii  hack  in  I'urlli  aj,'uiii,  ami  (jivo  li.in  anullii'r  iliuin.'. 


S48 


ALL   ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


■!  V 


,    ii 


niiiii  ^fr.  M'Kiiy  w.is  iii-ciuaiiitcd  witli.      Tliis  ni.iii  Wiis  Ai)|icllc  lakes  for  tlio  Klliciw,  im  tlii>  dcmtli  liriimli  nf  the 

«  nMii:irk,iMiM'Xo|'ti(iii    to  tlir  u'li"  r;ility   (if    linliaiis  :  Saskatiln'waii,  siniirtiiiics   iall<il   tlin  |!n«-   lii.ir.      On 

tlu'v  lalli'il  liiiii  tlu'    "fifaci'iiiaki'i'."  ami  Iwici'   witliiii  Si'|it<iiilK'i-    liltli    tluv   ayaiii   i'nniiii|.<'il   cm    Nli.ii.-c   or 

tilt"  list  two  or   ttii-io  Vfars  lu"   |iiis!'.(l   liis   way  aloiii'  Smiris    Kivor.   at  a    trilmlaiy   callfil    liv    <',io    Irnliaiis, 

into  tilt  .".laikt'oot  country,  aiiil  walked  into  the  (Mictny's  .Moo.-f.Iaxv  Oroek,  in  loni;ilii(lo  loti^'.     I'y  to  ihis  |ioiiit 

camp     unarnicil,     with    the     jicace  pipe    in     his   haml,  in  their  jonrney   they   had    snil'eicd   no   ineoiueiiieiiee 

oxhoitin^^  them  to  peace,  and  oU'eiing   tlieiii  the   alt.'r  t'roiii  want   either   ot'  wood   or   water;   lieri',    h.iwever, 

native   ot    killiiij;  him.      The    naiili  on    each   oi-oasion  tlieir  guide,    the   iicaceniaker,  adused   them    to   hrini,' 

was  a  treaty  ot"  peace  to   the   frees   ami   a   present    of  wood  aloiit;  in  their  carts,  as   tlii'y  should  sir   no  more 

hor-ics  til  the    peace-maker.      1,'aptaiii    I'alliser  eimai;rd  iiiilil  they  came  to  llie  Saskatchewan,    which    tliey   tirst 

this  Indian  to  guide  them  to  the  Kll.ow.  came  in  .sight  ol'al  Miiisc't  on  (he  I'Ist  of  Septeiiiher. 

On    S-'ptenilicr    the    1  Itli    tiiey    started    from    Qui  They   were  now  in  the  heart  of  tlu^    liiillalo  country 


FOKT    EDMONTON,    ON    THE    ttHM   lAllltTeilEWM    DITEII. 

Tliis  regiiin  iiKiy  lie  r.dlrii  a  Imll'do  pvoerve.  oeing  the  the    most  west  erii    of  the   t  Imiii  of  l^hii    .A  ppiHe  lakes, 

liattie  grmiiid  liefuem    tliut'rics  and  lilackriel,  wliere  heiiig  iiavi^aMe  to  i.iige  lio.iis  the  wlmh'  \\;iy.       lieiice 

imiie  yo  til  hunt  for  fiarof  mi  eting  enemies,  and  wlieie  it   w  n   (ir-t    .•uscertained    that    there  exist*    n    valualile 

thus,'  who  go  til  war  ahslalii  from  hunting.      The  whole  w.ilir  eoiiiiiiuiiieatioii  lietweeii  the  smith  Saskalclu  wan 

r.  giiin,  as  f.ir  as  the  eye  ciiiild    re.ic'.i,  wa- covered  with  and  the  lied    itivi'r,   and    that    ii    good  sized    hoal.    and 

liiilfilii,  in  liamis  v.iryiiig  from  hiindreds  to  tlioiisaiids.  even  a  small  steamer,    might    descend    from    the  m'iiIi 

i^o  v.ist  were  the  herd-,  that  t 'aptaili    I'alllser  iK'g.in    tu  Saskalelu'wan.    a.scelid  In    the    west    l^ili    .\  ppelle    i:Mr. 

have  serious  appreuensi   lis  tor    ;!,•■   Imrses,  as  the  gr:;ss  ci-o.ss  liie  Qui   .Appi  lie  lakes,  and  then  descend  the  C,l'ii 

was  eaten  to    (In     earth,  as  if  the    plain    had    heeli    de  .»iipelie  into  the  lo  d   Itixer.      The    whole    of  iheditli 

v.ist.ited  liy  locusts.      Ilnwevcr.  the  timlieroii  the  small  cully  of  come  ,i  ,ie,iiion  helween  the  Itoi  ky  Moiinlains 

triliiitaries  of  the  river   kept  oil'  ihe  liiill'.iln.    and    so   a  and  the  I'eil   l!.ver    heing   thus   set  aside,  and  one  liidf 

little  gr.i.ss  was   .  hiaiiied  for  the  le  Uses,  tor  I  he   liullalo  nf  the  distance  iininhaliiled,  nnlhiiig    reniaiiud  hiil  the 

slmns  the  tiiulier  until  mid-winler.  liscnvery  of  a  pass  across  the  loicky   Moiinlain.s  to  thu 

At  the  I'llliow  they  fiiuiid   a   large   trilmtary  (low 'nu'  lit .  ''h  territory, 
from  the  east    into    the  S.iskatchewan,  and    Pr.   Hi, tor  .Mtertlie  doctor's  return  from  exploring  ihe  wcsterii 

was  despflti'lied    with    mie    ur    Iwii   men   to    trai'e   »he  (,'Mii   .\ppclle.   they   ciiniiiieiiccd    tli.ir  a.sieni   from    the 

Coui»i    of  this    rivfi-.       This    he   foiimi  to   llow   from  Klhow,  and   reached  the  lniHli  incridiiiu  of  longitude 


II  i:^ 


-^  / 


FROM   "HR   ATLANTIC  TO  THE   PACIFIC. 


340 


liiiue 

ilimlilt' 
I'll!  www 
>al.  .iiicl 
.-.  'itli 

i  \\v\\ 
lllll.'IIIIS 

.11.'  V-AK 

>iit  tliu 

s  ti)  llio 

wi'stcra 
nrn    tilt! 


on  llic  281I1  of  S.'ptombcr.  That  m.iijiiilici'nt  river, 
\.\\v  S.iskati-lii'wan,  liriv  iiv;i1s  'h.'  MisMMiri  in  ^izc■  :iiiil 
.oliciii.',  iinil  I'vcn  at.  Iliis  (tlw  low'st  .slate  nl'  water 
iluiiiii;  tlie  wlidle  yeiir)  wa.s  iia\  iijable  tnr  iTal't  of  niiy 
size,  a.s  wa.s  tmiinl  l'\  sail  exipei'ienei',  the  ex|ie(iiti(>n 
liaviiii;  lieeii  so  iiiil'i'i'liiuaie  as  to  lose  one  of  its  waj;- 
^'cins  in  tlie  eliann-  1  ot'  tlie  fiver  a;  a  ileptli  of  sixteiai 
feet.  'I'lie  Hi:''  nii'fiiliaii  was  t lie  fartliest  jioiiit  to  tln^ 
westwat'il  expl  vieil  liy  '  lie  expeilition  thai  sea.son  '  At. 
tliat  jioint  it  <'fosse<l  tin'  river  to  tlie  noitli  side,  and 
started  on  a  nurtli  east  eoiirse  for  I'ailtoii,  its  wlnli'r 
iinarters,  wliere   tlu'V  arrived  on  tlie  Stli  of  Oetnlier 

t'a|it,'iin  I'alliser  liiiii.seif  lel't  tlie  party  at  ('arlton  on 
the  I  ith  of  l)itolier,  1S.">7,  and  alt  ■!•  a  siv.'re    jonrni'V, 
four   hniidred  anil  fifty  si.x   inih's  of  w  liieli    were   per- 
formed over   the   snow   on  foot,  Ik    reaehed  Monln'.d, 
where  he  made  arraii;;eiiients  tor  prnc'edin',;  the  iiimi-   | 
ing   spriiiij    to    the    Uoiky    Mountains,     tliroiiLjh     the 
eountry  of  the  lUaekliiot   Indians,   hy  ein;as;ini;  twenty    I 
men,  with  a  sutVuiiMit  nuniiifi- of  doj^  slei'.'hs,  toeuiivey    i 
their   provisions.     This  inerea<''d   his   |ni','i'  altoi;i'tlier  | 
to   thirty,   nnd    with    a  sma'ler  nninlier  he  di'cmed   it 
wonld  have  lieen  the  lu'ii;lit  i.f  iniprmlenee  to   \eiiiui'e 
into    the    south -western     part    of    the     IllaeUfonl     and 
Ti'dijar  oonniry. 

Tilis  doi;  sleii^hiiii;  on  \\  lar;;e  scale  is  a  very  exi'iiiiii; 

aninsenient.      We    lind  a    ileM'ription  nl    .1  r |'  :',iii» 

mills,  from  Fori  li.iriy  to  I'row's  W  iiii;.  mi  the  Mi^si^ 
.sippi,  ill  l'rof>'.s.sor  Hinds'  aeeonni  of  his  seeond  Sa-kit 
eliewaii  expeilition. 

I'j"iii  on,  'irrival  at  Selkirk  m',  tleini'i';,  siilisenneiillv 
to  the  explnra'ion  ot'  l,.ike  Wmipi",'  and  .Maniloliali. 
we  had  heard  1 1  at  a  pirly  of  Knulisli  nolilenieii  and 
pntlemeii  had  reaeli  .'d  l''ort  (iarry.  and  were  then  pre- 
paring lor  a  slio.''.  trip  into  ihi-  prairies  in  .se.iieli  of  : 
Imlfiio.      The   anstoeratie    hiinii'rs    eoiisislcd    of  Lord 


'  We  liml  tlio  fnllovvin^'  ad'oiiiii  of  tliln  >iuii  in  iln.ni.ir 
Siiiipsim's  *'  liuiriii'V  lloiiiut  the  Wui'M  "  : 

"  lluvini.'  p.i'i.seil  mer  a  liilU  ^m  I  p.ir;i:illy.\v.i  1  led  ili-ti-ici,  we 
re;U'laMl  tlie  Itew  Uiver,  tieinir  llie  >oii'li  liraiii'll  ol'  t'le  .Slsliiil- 
elu'«:iii.  ali'Mi!  ten  ii'i'liK'k.  'l'iii<  Hin'.ini,  I;ikiM_-  ils  ri-^e  in  the 
I\"ekv  Moimiain'*,  lU'.ir  till' iiilenialioiial  Irnntu'i',  is  ot' I'-'iisiiler- 
jll.le  si/e,  viltli.Hll  .M'V  ]ih\^ir.ll  iin;i>.illll|t.|i(  nt'  jiiiv  llnillli'Ut  ;  Imt 
its  iiiijiri' w.iti  rs  are  s»  iieirh  iiiir^te  i  m  iili  wm  likf  Irlu--;.  tliiit. 
Ili.'ii^'h  U'lien'il  I'l  lie  rii'li  111  irnm'.  it  .<  mM.'ii  a-i.  imIi'iI  Uv 
tr.iders.  Simie  yt'iir*  liaek,  iii.li'i"!,  llm-i'  nr  l.mr  iMists  wi're  ; 
•■■.lalilishi'il  im  Its  I'litiks;  lull  lliey  o'i'e  som  ali.iiii|iiiMl  iitler  the 
sanltiee  .it  s.veral  lives  in  tlieir  e.rt'eili'i  III  ililililiiill  In  llu's.. 
pi'i'iiiaiii'iit  torts,  11  llxitii^  I'xjK'diii'ii.  nil  a  l.-r::e  seale,  w.is  « llii-icl 
111  tlie  vi'ur  IS'J-J,  M  itli  11  V  lew  m  les  iii^  the  trntli  ol  tlie  ruiiMiiis 
;i~  t.i  111,'  iiilini'-«  el'  Itiw  l;i\el'.  I 

"  I'm'  i'\|'i'ilili'iii  ill  i|U '-111111,  lie-iiles  Mi'<-vs,  M'K."i/i,i  nnd 
i!in\l.iii<l,  tiie  ;.'eiltlelileli  in  eliai'^-e,  ennsistel  nf  rinhl  m-  I'li 
tailMirilliuite  nllii'i'i's  ami  a  tennlri'd  men.  .M'ter  iisei'mtiii^  t.i  ilii> 
utmost  limits  of  till'  tiaviuMti.in  I'.ir  Itn.ii  Hiirvi'viiii;,  ili'Melinii'iits 
Wi're  il<..*|tati'linl  ill  evi-ry  liir.eti.'ii.  win.  Ii  im'l  witli  main  nalivi'H 
wlio  liail  iii'Mf  *!'.  11  a  Kiii'ii|ieiiii  lu'l'iiri'.  I  lu-se  nii-'i>liisii,.at,.(l 
fiivai^i -.  iiin\e\i'l',  liad  llirir  enri'-ily  most  s»r.>'i..'l_v  e\,'ilril  li\  a 
iii'^rn  I'fl til' name  ut  I'lerie  Itmi^.i.  flii*  man  ilirv  inH|i,.i.ti'ii  in 
fvel'}'  1"'.  ililr  way,  twi>tinir  liini  iiliotit  and  |iiilliti:  lii.i  li.iir.  « liirli 
wan  so  ilill'iTi'iit  tr.ini  llieir  own  llintiiii.'  |.i,.k-,  r  .1  1,1  leiit'lli 
Iliey  e.inie  to  tlie  eniii'liKinii  that  rii'ire  linn.:"  «.ls  llie  n.|ile-t 
Flieeamn  ef  u  wliite  mill  liny   had  ever  s.en 

"  riii'se  lle;;riM's.  ii(i\  |i  mi  ttieie  were  t'l'rnier'.  -ever.ll  ill  the  t'liMl- 
|»lll\  "s  nei'viee,  were  iiiti\.rsal  t".\  iMiriU"*  11  it  li  tin' t'air  -fX  orilii- 
lid  rai'e;  Hint  at  the  pri'siMit  d.iy  we  siw  many  ;iii  Indian  lli.it  1 
iippi'iireil  til  have  a  diisli  of  the  u'enlli'iiiiii  in  hi  i.li  almnt  him  i 
I'iiidiiii;  tli;it  the  resniireei  ot'  the  eimntry  liiid  lierii  overraled, 
iMir  in'o|ile  retii'i'd  the  t'tillow  Iht:  year  with  I'.ie  l.s-  ot'  a  eon-iilcr. 
uhle  I'url  of  the  oriu'inal  oiiihiyof  L'lii,oiiii.  earrjim:  with  tlii'ui 
Hli  rnoriiioiiH  i|iiiiiitily  ot'  Iralhrr.  Imt  \  1  ly  I't-w  t'lirs.  I'lirv  |i\,.,l 
in  the  iiiiiUt  of  I'lriity.  liavilii;  .011-111111.11  iliiriiii;  the  wiiil.  r  I  ..'lO'l 
biittiiliK'ti,  lii'Niili'.i  ^Triil  niiiintila-ii  if  xcaittoit  nf  evtr^'  kiiitt,"  \ 


Kiehard  Orosvenor,  I.ord  Fredeiiek  Cavendish,  Henry 
n.'iiiln  Seymuiir,  Ksij  ,  M.I',  and  the  llonoinalile 
K\el\n  Ashley,  They  w  ere  sueeessfiil  in  meet  iliL,' and 
killing  liiill'al.i  a  short  distanee  south  of  the  lnniiidary 
lilu',  in  the  diieetion  of  llevil's  Lake,  and  retiiining 
from  their  expedition  in  the  middle  of  Nmemlier 

The  h.'irdships  and  pri\  ii  ii  •       ..separalde  t'loiii  prairie 

adventures  at    this    l.ile    seas if  the  year,    with    the 

tlierniometer  soiiielinies  as  luw  as  zero,  was  not  Milli 
eient  to  deter  Lmd  ( lio-Miior  Iroin  niidertakino  a 
iiiiieh  loiioei-  expedition  lo  the  West,  al'ler  his  ntinii 
from  hiinling  Inill'alo.  He  startnl  on  the  l.'L'iid  of 
Novenilier.  in  eompaiiy  x\  ith  daii.es  .Maekay,  one  ol' the 
must  disiiii'^nishi'd  and  eiilerplisiiii,'  nalnesof  Si  Ikirk 
settlement,  liir  K"i '  I'.liiee.  pi",  ipi'siiio.  siiliseipniitly,  to 
visit  the  I'liiie  I'n^  on  the  l^hii   Appelh'. 

This  advent  ui'iMis  J. iiiiiii",  un  hnr-eliaek.  at  so  late  a 
period  of  the  Near,  i'iii,.-iili'iiii^-  the  slemier  onllil  nf 
elnlhiiio  and  pnoi-inns  wliieli  Lord  (IrosM'iior  Imdi 
with  him,  shiuvid  1111  ordiliai'V  i.'niaoi'  anil  eoiilidi  lieo 
ill  the  piissessiun  o I  great  phy^ieal  eiidiiianee,  .\  jmir- 
iioy  in  dog  earioles  o\  er  the  snow  is  eomti.rt  itself 
ii'iiipare.l  with  riding  i:i  tin'  taie  nf  a  eiitliiig  wind, 
Willi  the  iheriii.imeler  li"t   far  reiinned  fr.'iii  zero. 

Liid  t 'aM'ii.iish,  Mr.  .Se\  moiir.  and  Mr.  .\sliley,  eii- 
gigi'd  John  ALnikman.  Ill  I  hik  Point,  Lake  .Maiiitn- 
liih.  to  iirg.iiiise  their  tr.iiu  nt'  il"i;s,  and  iiiaki'  ai'ralige. 
null  I  s  fur  their  Jill  trill  y  tot  row  's  Wing,  on  tlie.Missis-ippi, 
prop  ising  111  return  In  eiv  ilised  life  as  soon  as  snllieiotil 
siiiiw  fell  111  make  the  eoiililry  pns-iMe  fur  dig  'rains. 
■  I'.'in  Mniikiii.in  is  the  iiiu-i  iini'd  ruiiner  in  Selkirk 
>i'll  li'iiii'iit  :  with  hi^  m.ionilii'i'iil  I  rain  ol  dug-,  piolialily 
the  lii'-l  in  Kupiii's  Land,  ho  has  aeenliiplished  the 
jiitniey  lietween  I'eiiiliina  and  l-'mt  (I.iiry,  a  distaine 
of  -ixty  eight  miles,  in  se\i'ii  hnitis  and  a  half.  The 
molt  .M.inknian  enuaged,  six  in  ininiliei,  were  generally 
ninners.  .ind  priivided  with  o,,iiil  dugs. 

The  prep  1  rat  ion  fur  tin'  w  iiilir  ji'iiiiiey  nf  Imlh  par- 
ties to  St.  I'.nd  w.is  railiii'  nf  a  f..riiiidaiili' eharai  li  r. 
I'M'ti  at  lied  I'lver.  reipiiring  imt  h-s  than  sixiiiii 
earioles  and  shslges  driwn  hy    lil'i\    ihg-  in  all. 

It  lieing  lieees-arv  lint  I  shniild  t.ike  with  tlie  a 
nmnlier  of  genlmieal  s|iii"iiii'ii-,  liild  apjiaratiis,  Innks, 
.V.'.  my  p.irty  leipiiied  nine  e.itinlis  and  shdiii  s,  and 
a  I'lirresponding  niinlii'i'  nt'  miii  ;  enh  slid^e  or 
eirioleon  a  long  wnnei's  iniiriii  y  I'lipurtng  iiie  man 
to  man  ige  tt.  altli.iii,'h  llie  sinie  individual  with  wi  il- 
tr,iined  dogs  is  .niii  pititit  tn  inndiiel  Iwn  sleilo,  s  in 
gonil  I'lLids  an  I  I'lr  -li"i  I  i'Hiriii'ys,  when  time  is  imt  an 
olijeet  and  f.i'i  I  la-ilv  aeii  — ille 

I  eiigige.l  a  half  lo  1  id,  11  itiird  ('line,  an  exei  lleiit 
i'liniier,  an!  ,1  wiIIiiil;  altind  imI.  In  iii'o;ini-e  iiiv    train. 

The  di-l  liiee  lielwooii  1.  1 1  1 ,  1 1 1  y  and  ( '1  nw 's  W  iiig 
is  ali.nit  Mil  luili's  li\  til.'  wiiili'i  mill;  and  the  1. lily 
phii'i'-  whole  -.niplii-  r.iii  I  e  1. 1. tamed  ale  at  t'l'liihina, 
Jteil  Lik".  .iliil  fas,   Lake.' 

'Tlieeliiif  olijielioii  tii  travil  with  a  lar^-e  iiiim'ier  nf  iloi;.'  in 

thii  ilillii'iiil.v  of  fii|.|.lviii:;   thi'iii  wilhf I,   iinr  can  the  sevirtd 

stations  he  alwios  ii'lio.l  on  to  tiinii-h  tiie  ri  i|nisite '|iiaiiliiv  an 
unexpei'ted  intriisioti  of  iiiaiiy  nf  tlii'se  linii'.:r>'  ;iiiiiii,'il.s  ilt  iiiai.  .. 
Kaeli  ilii;;  n-ipiiri's  il.iily  ahoiit  two  p..iiiii)<4  nt  priiiinicaii,  or  three 
poiin.ls  nf  white  li^h.  811  that  tin'  |  lovi-ioii  lor  a  tiaiii  ol  earoles, 
i'iii|.l..ViiiU  thii'lv  dots,  «iiiild  iiivoUo  the  earriauo  of  IIKI  llw.  of 
pi'llliiili'.lll,  nr  INHI  llm.  ot  white  ti>ll  f'T  A  ten  daVH  j.  in  my  ;  A 
team  of  tlireii  ilo;;s  wil!  draw  .'itNi  Ihs  l.niy  niilis  a-ihiy,  for  ten  n' 
twilvi  ilayHinsiuai'Ssiiiiiif  wellhd.  .mil  tlie  road  hr  tnierahly  i:"o.t 
o\i'i'  a  livil  emiiilry.  \  w  iiitur  roa.l,  it  in  ly  he  In'O-  I'lni.ii  kod, 
I-  11. .tiling  tn.'re  Ihaii  u  laiioltt  or  nii  e^i -liav  k,  i-.iiisrd  hy  tlm 
pa.iiu)iu  ul  tbia  iiriuultvo  kiud  ul   vehicle   uvur  Ibi*  runw,  uul 


I 


350 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


!i 


!■    '!' 


From  till'  Iioiir  il  \v:i.s  known  in  Prlkiik  Sitllcnicnt 
tliiit  till'  tu(i  p.irtii's  wimlii  proliulilv  ^l.irt  iii':irly  iM 
th"  s'linr  tiiiu'  — 1,'rr.ct  I'lcliiii;  cxisli'd  .niioi!','  tlii'  liall- 
lirccd.s  rc:<|icctiiiji  tlicir  ciiiliirimc,  and  tlii'  cii.so  and 
spi'cil  with  wliirli  tlii'ir  doj;s  coidd  acroniplisli  a  lonj; 
joui'Mi'v — a  warm  spirit  of  cnmlalion  arose  lirtwi't'n  tlir 
men  attaclii'd  to  cai'li  party,  wliiili  ra)iidly  coininnni- 
iMti  d  itsilt'  to  tlirir  wives  and  tricnds.  t'linc  told  nic 
that  he  hait  lie.inl  ciinlidcntly  that  Monknian's  |>lan 
Wiis  to  j;ive  ns  tin'  start  for  two  da\s,  and  tlcn  takini; 
iKlvauta'^i"  of  till'  road  we  should  iiiaki'  lliron:,'li  llie 
initroildi'n  wildiTiiiss,  jki-s  ns  tiinniphantly  a  fiw  days 
befini"  woarrivi'd  at  Crow's  Wiiij?.  It  i,'ii, dually  In  ,  .-ini' 
evidont  that  tin-  idea  of  a  raro  from  Foil  (!arry  to  1 
Crow's  Wing  conimnniiMii'd  itself  to  tlio  <,'i'iith-iin'ii  of 
liDth  pirtii-s,  and.  inilttd,  .stiiiiiilatid.  nioro  or  h.-s,  all 
who  woro  to  make  the  journey,  ('line  and  his  men 
apjieared  oxtreiiiely  anxious  that  they  should  not  he 
far  lieh'.n  1  their  competitors,  and  even  indiilged  the 
hope  that  if  we  got  a  lair  start  «e  might  not  lie  ovi'r 
taken.  When  the  sniijeet  of  .a  race  was  first  mooted 
to  me  liy  ('line,  I  I'eganled  our  ehaiiee  as  almost  hope 
les.s,  eonsidering  the  luggage  with  wliieli  we  wei-e  in- 
eiimliereil.  .Vl'terward  it  oec-uried  to  me  that  onr 
ehaii.-e  lay  in  the  greater  ea-e  with  which  our  party, 
long  inured  to  exposure  jind  t'atii,'iie,  woiild  lie  ahle  to 
s  i^tain  long  phy.-ieal  exertion,  an  hallneiiiation,  liow 
ever,  vvhii-h  snliseipient  ixperienee  of  the  physical  capa 
liilitics  of  Lord  Cavendish,  Mr  Seymour,  and  Sir. 
.\-lilev,  during  their  stav  at  lied  liiver,  ser\ed  to 
dispel! 

All  my  tram  lieing  ready,  «e  started  on  Tuesday. 
Nov  i-ml.'r  .'tilth,  at  an  earU'  hour  fiien  l''oii  (iairv. 
Hill  to  ik  I'le  east  li.ink  of  Itid  liiver  thloiii_'|i  iln^ 
French  settlement.  .Moiikman's  i.arly  expe.  tid  to 
follow  ill  th"  afiei-no  111.  I  r  early  on  the  foIluwiiiL; 
morning  t»ii  Wcdue-lay  we  reached  I'oit  i'liidiiiia, 
and  stayed  th  •  iii.dit  with  Mr.  Mackeiizi",  the  olli,  >  r  in 
charge  of  the  Jiost,   whose  .sad  fate  hi>l  lleecliibcr  (i\c- 


i*  ti  ilil-'   to   Iii^  nlilitoritet    hy    t'\ofy   fre^li    fall.       A  ciirinl'*    is 
e  iii'tructi' 1  'tf  V  ry    tliiii   litmnl,  till    li'cl     lnni;    and    twcive  or  j 
f'liirti'cii   iii(-iii-i  1m-m:iiI,   ttiriictl  up  tit   eiir  riiil  ill   till'  f'liiii   (  f  II  I 

li  ilf  I'lrcU',  lik-'l-it'   Iwi  V  I'f  nil   ( ■j:ln'\\:t\'s  iMi in  this  l.c;inl 

a  lii.'li  critii'.  like  til''  tnily  I'f  a  siiiiill  ciiitIml'i',  i"  iiltacli"),  ' 
al.i  IT  i-iclile.'ii  i  icli.s  fi'i  11  lli'.'cii.l  i.f  11,1'  l.iiiinl  cr  IliKir.  'I  i.e  | 
Iri.iu-vvork  in  (•  iver.'.l  wii  i  liii''';il.i--kiii  pm-li  cut,  nml  p:iiiili'<l  or  ; 
ilnr.itel  a'O  ir  liii.'  to  ta>t.' ;  t'.f  iu-nU'  i<  liiud  «itlia  liliinkct  or  ] 
li  itl'.il'i  i-ii'm',  iiiiil  \v1i--ii  tilt' tr:i\cllcr  i-i  Milted  ill  lii!4  cai-i-'K'  with 
(III' St  retell -il  ici*.;  it  ■  is  n'lly  M-para  i  il  If  iiii  the  (■ti'tu  liy  tho  pi  ink 
th  e  tiir  ii-i  th.'  ll'  -r.      \  si  it/'-  Is  tint  hi  "i:  irnrc  tli;iii  a  Ihiti  li'.aol 

ten  nr  twelve'  IVel   1-vi^,  tUeUc  aieles  lire  .d,  tun  ml  njoit  cite  end. 

'i"a>'  liii:.'.!.;''  In  attiii-heii  hy  iiieaii-*  et  liillah)  nil'  us,  niid  two  or 
tlirei'  ll  .^s  .iro  aicirss.d  t"  lliis  fciiu|.lo  vehicle  hy  t!.e  siniic 
inileri.il.  The  1 'g<  iitLieh- .1  ti)  a  c iri  le  life  i;i'ni'i"ill.»  ihe  .m'cil 
with  c  illirs,  fr  e.n  .xliieli  lie.id  wntlv  ai.il  tassels  me  siis[4-;i<lei1, 
ti.:ettier  with  a  gtri'ij  ul  siuill  li  lis.  When  ii  M.i  n  i*  In  luniiun  ,' 
the  iln\-.  r  riiiH  lie'iiiel  tin- .mlcIi"  or  sle.lje,  (:ui  ii   j;   'I  hy  iiiniiis  i 

ef  a    h>'\>    tasiemil    to    oaeli    luil     .f  the    II ■;  when  timl   or  ' 

aiixiiiis  t.)  rid-.'  h  ■  sits  on  I  lie  stcjli  h  i\  cmiiiiiiuUL*  the  Itav-  Ihr's 
h.i-'u'i:?',  »he  I  s  las'eiieil  t'l  'he  pnij' ct  iHi.'  Ih'.ir  ill  reiir  of  the 
c.iri  lie,  .ir  I'I'c  he  s>aii'N  im  it  if  uo  li 'X  is  atl:ielieil.  A  winter  | 
r  -ad  in  itu'ririiil>  of  '.h-'  hieiitUh  nl  the  Ifmr  of  tlte  eari"h'*,  rarely  | 
I'M'iehu^"  tiU'cn  iiic  .e«,  ami  of  a  dcpili  pp.ip.iriiiai.ito  to  the 
i|iiiitity  r)f  sii  w  which  has  lallen.  In  iiiiiKii  ;;  ;i  new  mail  where 
thesaiw  i^  Icp.  ii  h.ilf  htccd  waUn  cii  Miiiw.sle.es  khiui' (listanec 
ill  fruit  nf  the  il'i.'i,  wiiirh  loll  .w  his  triieks  with  thcnlui'ist  pre- 
risi  '11  tlimu-h  all  in  winiliiu's,  iil'tcrf  mrer  five  tr.iini  h.ue  p-i.s-i-il 
till'  r'\iil  is  p.mrally  cms'il.  re-l  lohe  nillieiiutly  liatil  pn-ss.  d  lo 
ii-l  nit  cf  till'  «-.|sy  passage  of  tlie  suci-i'eiliii^  trai-  «,  heiu-i'  n  ^T  at 
I"  I'  is  (raiiH'l  in  iloi.' travelling'  if  a   new  i-.-ad   l.;i<  rei-eiill\  hci  ii 

Mil    '.V  -I  I'.l'V  ill  ailvanc'  :  I .il..-  the  rnill  i»  I-ep'aldcil,  ilidi'cd,  I 

i-t  il-.- dill  t  ililli  i.l'y  in  jinriii-_\iii^'  with  dmri),  | 


scfilied  fiirlher  on)  isa  melancholy  )iroof  of  tlie  danger 
.attending  ti.ivelling  alone  diicing  thi!  winters  of  this 

eliiiiate.       The    w Is    and    praiiies  are    then    perfect 

deserts;  Indians  lieiiig  at  their  winter  iinartcis,  Idids 
far  away  in  the  sunny  south,  and  wild  animals  hylic-r- 
nating.  or  seeking  food  and  shelter  in  the  thickest 
|iarts  of  the  swamps  and  forests.  So  eoinjilete  is  this 
desolatiiii  in  the  interior  of  many  parts  of  liupert's 
Land  during  the  winter,  Jiat  .Mr.  ( 'hi  islie,  chief  factor 
of  the  Hudson's  r.ay  ( 'onipaiiy,  while  tra\elliiig  from 
.\tlialia.sca  to  lied  liiver,  in  I  )i  ccmher,  l(S"i'.l,  did  not 
meet  with  11  single  Indian  tliroii-.;lioiit  a  long  and  di-eary 
journey  of  linirteeii  hundred  miles. 

The  thermometer  at  rcmliiiia  Frnt  indicating  22' 
Ill-low  /ero  on  till'  morning  of  l>ieenilier  L'nd,  when  we 
left  the  po>t,  having  pioctired  another  train  of  two 
dogs  at  the  small  village  of  I'cniliina,  two  miles  from 
the  Iliidson's  li.iy  post  of  that  name,  we  struck  across 
the  prairie  to  the  "tirst  of  the  Two  Creeks,"  where 
we  c.imped.' 

(Ill  the  followiiiu' day  we.Trrived  at  rine.  liivi-r.  (line 
made  a  eaclie  of  peminican  in  the  river,  some  distance 
from  onr  tracks,  to  li,'  taken  npoii  his  reliirn.  A  hole 
Was  cut  thri'iigh  the  ice,  then  almiit  lifteen  iiulies 
thick,  and  a  luillalo  hide  thong  h.'i\  iiig  lieiii  tied  loimil 
the  liag,  iiliil  lasteiied  to  a. stick,  it  was  let  down  into 
the  water  jlist  lu-low  the  ice,  the  stick  lieing  sliclehcd 
across  the  orifice  Liimiis  of  ice  were  then  piled  on 
the  hag  of  pemmicaii,  iind  water  ]ionicd  on  I  hem. 
The  temperature  of  the  air  lning  iit  the  time  eoiisidcr- 
alily  Ill-low  zci'o,  the  water  lii'/e  the  instant  it  toiichid 
the  ice,   ••iiid  lioiind  the    ni,i-.~i  s   toi;ether   ill    one  hlock. 


'  .\  eiiinji  is  iilwayi*  ina-'.i'  in  "wuds,"  if  p^l^^ihle,  fur  the 
siilsi-  (it  lilei  anil  shilter.  'Ihe  tiist  upelatinn  istii  sweep  tli('sn<<w 
trniii  ihe  piainil,  anil  pi'(|iai'e  a  place  lia-  the  tin-  and  hhinki-is. 
'I  tiis  -s  fiis  ly  lleci'li'i'lisiicil  with  siniw-^liiii-s ;  anil  lis  Kimii  ns  iin 
1  r- a.  prepi'itii-iii-d  1. 1  ihe  .--i/e  ct"  the  parti,  is  (-v|M>^e(l,  a  lire  is 
iiiiiilc 'i.tlieii  iitly  Inn;:  111  lulniit  of  I  ach  man  1\  inu'  Inr  the  nii;!  t 
wifii    Ins  till  ti-wjirds   it.     >o  tent ccv.  1  iior  (if  liny  ih>eri|-tinii 

llt'l-lid  a  l.liil  Ket,  l-llt  tehi  ll  nil  1  eh-*,  is  jnliii'^sih  C,  lis  it.  UiIlM 
seiireely  lie  pMs.s  lile  to  feht  e:in\ils  in  llii-  line  liin^,  iinil  tili.e  ih.i  s 
not  ^a-in'riilly  allnw  of  the  ei-eiiinn  if  a  l.nt,  iinr  inc  the  mute- 
rials  nlwiiis  at  hand.  Wlii-n  pii.e  i-r  spreco  is  m-i-i  ssihlc,  a  my 
(•(illif -rtiilih'  llmir  can  111  liiaiU'  Innil  the  l-'iu;;lis  j  hut  ill  the 
jiraiiie  ((aiiitii,  or  on  its  In-idi  is,  these  lis,  Inl  tins  iire  raiely  In 
he  Men.  As  smin  ns  the  tire  is  n  inle,  .ii  il  snp|  1 1-  iu  emiix-  nf 
prepnratii'ii.  ihe  dc^s  are  leil.  .\I'l.r  ealiiie  their  itl'iiwuiiee  tor 
the  tweiiti  f  nr  hi'iirs,  the  d- ^s  n  i  k  fcrwaiiii  >if>U  f.ir  thene 
wives,  iir  il  till' iii;:lit  Ul  lerycolil.  in  d  :ni  wind  hiiirin^',  they 
p-iitially  I  iiry  ihetiisilveH  in  thepiu'W.  .\s  s<  i.n  an  Mipi-er  is  dis- 
cus e  1,  whii  II,  w  ith  the  hall-l  iccis,  alninst  nnil  lln'i  enlisists  of 
colli  peiiniii  an  and  ti-a,  nine.>siis  lite  takiii  I'll,  lii  i>  (I  II  (lamp, 
and  I  lit  i-ii  ii.-iin  ;  the  liie  is  n  ph  nisl.iil,  mid  one  In  i  ii"  i  iieli 
linn,  or  two  t(.;:(-tl cr,  c-ver  ih-insiUeK  etiiiipli-i(  !y  with  their 
I'l.inkt  ts  or  ri'Us,  tind  f;o  to  i-let  p.  Mis-assii.K  me  i.iee-saiy  in 
iiiakin^  11  winter  Jcnrin-y,  lei.'.hir  Ismis  or  hhoes  woulil  he  tiNi 
t'nld.  mid  po.hihly  lieeniiie  hard  1  neither  do  thi-y  lehni'  of  tlmt 
fnidoiii  (if  ciieiila'ii'ii  which  makes  a  scl'l  and  pli.ihle  iii-ieiiss-n 
of  ilress.ll  l.nll.ilo  or  IniHiM' -kin  .sowiirin  and  i -imliii  lahle  Ihe 
fei-t  rari '.\  ^i  t  wit  in  tiaiiiiii'L:  in  iln-i-  leyuis;  tic  nitenso 
ciilil  pi  I  SI  rics  the  hi  low  p(-rle(  liy  dry,  iml  it  is  m  ly  near  ti  •■  tiio 
tl-.it  tni'i-liire  penetrates  u  in-e.issin  ilniin;;  cold  w,  iiihet-  liiiiiii:; 
a  thaw  II  iiiiicas'iu  is  wi-t  thiun^li  inimi  diateti,  a  ml  il.eilihei-nilurt 
iiiii-t  In' i-nciiicil  fiom  eainpto  camp,  hut  colds  me  nnkiinw'ii  fiimi 
this  i-aiei-,  il"  exercise  lie  jm  rscK-icd  in.  riiih  r  I  he  iin  eassins  the 
h.-tf  hriiids  wear  us(piire  jiiece  of  llannel  or  hlanket  wrapped 
round  the  t(-el.  to  w-rve  us  ii  siiMkiii;:.  'fhc  fi  ntleiin-n  wnre  n 
pair  of  Worsted  siiH-kin.s,  a  half  Ik-uI  of  (Inllil  anil  linllalo-hkili 
niiiciesiiis.  ill  (I  no  one  c  -iiipliiined  of  cnld  tn  t  at  tiny  tiim-. 

Ihe  tit-l  tliiii;:.  1-11  wiikit  u'  ill  lh(  niiirniiiL',  is  lo  mtike  up  th* 
till'  and  pi'epare  ("r  hre.ikl.i-t.  \\\  ^'cnerally  row-  hy  live,  and 
wen-  ready  to  start  hy  d.iiliL;l.l  ;  lircakhist,  rc-paekni:  ih» 
t'cildinj,  calehin};  and  ltarlll•^^illg  the  dn^s,  usiialti  (Ni>iip;e.l  two 
liiiiirn  and  u  Ittdf, 


FROM   THK   ATLANTIC  TO   THE   PACIFIC. 


351 


F?'osli    ico  licing  ailiU'il,  ami   watrr  jumroil  nn   it,  tlie  ' 
liulc  soioi   lici'iime  llllril  with  ;i  sciliil  iriMSS  ;  tlio  uponi- 
ticin  was  ciiiiliiiiird    iiMlil   a  iiiuuinl  <ini'  tiiul,  almvo  tlir 
frozen  (■nitiici' (if  till'  livirwas  a 'iMiiiiulatiil  (ivn- tlic 
L'lielii'.      As    I    was  rctuniiiin  with   ('lino  to  tlic  phui' 
wlifri'  wc  Im(1   left  tlu'  cariiili's  ami   iln^s,  wi'  hIimtvimI 
two  of  lliisc  sa;,'acioMf.  aiiiiiials,  wlio  liacl  Ih'cu  iinliai' 
licsscil  \>\   iiiistakf,  till'  (liivi  1-  sii|iiiosiiiL,'  wo  wen-  j,'oiiiL;  , 
to  niiii|'.  i|iiii'tly   watrliiiij;  our  |iroci'i'iliiii;s  frnm  tlir  j 
bank   of  the   riviT.     Clini'     with    an    I'M'lainalion    of  j 
anjjcr  and  surprise,  reniarlvi'il,  "  Now,  if  we  don't  tatic 
cans  those  ««■;•'.<  e/ii(!",<  "ill  try  to  get  at  the  penmiican 
to  iii;;ht.  and  the  rase  als  will   tell  the  others  ;   I  know 
tlietn   ><\'  old,  they  served   nio   that   triek    lic'fore  :    we'll 
tie   them   to  uijiht."     The'   conM-ions  doi,'s,   with    tails 
depressed,  started  at  a  j^illoji  liaek  to  the  ivirioles  when 
they  sjiw  (Mine's  threatening,'  mien.      In  order  to  avoid 
the    hreakini;   open  of  the   eaehe   hy   the   ilo;;s,    whieli 
niisht  be  the  eansi' of  Lireat  ineonvenienee,  and  perhaps 
stdU'ring,  to  the  men  on  their  return,  we  pushed  on  for 
several    miles   hefire  wn   camped.     IJIine  counted   the 
do;,'s    before   supper,   but    ne'..;lecteil    to    lie   the    spies 
having    t'nimd  tliat  none  hail   strayed,  he  tlioui;hl   t'.it 
they   miuht  bi;   tru>ted,  and,  wrapping    himself  in    his 
blanket.   In-  soon   went  to  sleep.      Itising  long  betore 
d.iylight,  according  to  our  cn>loiii,  severd   wne  so.iu 
ascertained  to  be  mis.-^in,',  and  not,  being  found,  after  a 
r.ipid    .search   iu   the  ncighl>oui-lii"i  I,  ('line  instructed 
two  of  the  men  to  make  a  ciicle  rnun  I  the  c.nnp,  and 
examined   all   tracks  'oy  torehlii;lil.      In   a    vciy   short 
time  one  of  them  came   back,  staling  that  fivsh  ilog>' 
tr.icks,  pointing   in  the  direction  of   I'ine  l!l\er,  wheri- 
we  had  e.iclied   the  penimi.'aii       Three  or   f  Mir  of  the 
men  instantly  started  liack,  and  found  the  mi>~ing  cl.gs 
b\i>ilv  eliu'ai.'c(l    iu  scr.itching   at   the  cache.       It   «a-.-o 
tliorouirhly  frozi'n   and  compactly  made   lliat    ihcy  li.id 
produced   little  impi'cs>ion   on  llie  -mall    inoiiiid  of  ici', 
but    no     doubt    time    and    pcr,i-M'i,ince     wouhl     have 
enilblc'd  them  '  i  reach  the  supplle,^  bi^nealh. 

I'ine  lliver  cros.siiig  is  the  spot  fioui  which  Air. 
Mackenzie,  who  had  so  ho>pitably  trcati'd  n-  al  Fort 
I'euiliina,  started  on  the  niornin),' of  the  ■J'.ith  Decem- 
ber, I -^  I'.l,  on   his  ill  late.l   jiMirney  in  seiireh  of  iissi.-.t- 

ancc      lie  iiml   sonii"  c p.inioi       iciv   e.-eortiiij;  tin 

eugiiieer  from  (ieorge  I'oan  to    i         t iiirry,  who  wii-s  j 
travelling  thither  t.i  maki' altcrai  c«       oid   r.-pail^  io  1 
the   steamer   Ahudh    Siiilliriii>.    then    liid    up    fiu-  'he 
winter  ne.ir    the    Imlian    >eltlciiiciit.       Tin'   pit'        tell  i 
.short  of  provisions,  and   Wr.  .Mackeic/ie  pushed  on,  in 
the  hope  of  being  aide  to  send  .-upplie>  tioiii  I'emliin.i. 
After   leaving    his    companions,    he    appears    to   have 
followeil    the    trail    for   soun'     disl.iuce,    and    at     the 
njiproacli  of  lii',dit   to  ha\e  lo.st   his   way.       His   b.'ateli 
track    showed   that,   in    order    to    keep    him.-elf   from 
freezing,  he  had  spent  the  night  in  running  round  in  a 
circle.      At  the  bre.ik   of  day  he  s>arted  au'ain  across 
the  ti'.ickle^s  waste,  but   in  a  <lirecliou  coiisidei'.ddy  t  ■ 
the  eastward   of  liH   proper  course.      A  second   day  ot 
fruitless  waiiderini;  was  followed  by  a  night  more  drciiy 
than  the  lir.Nt.     'Ilie  third  day's   jourui'y  biought   him 
near  to  Itoseau  Lake,  tar  to  I  he  e.ist  ward  of  his  dotina- 
timi  ;   here  lii.s  strength  appeared  to  have  failel  him. 
for,  having  hung  '-oine  shreds  ot   \\u  coat  on  a  tne,  to 
mark   ids  last   rcstin',' place,  he  laid  down   beneath  it, 
wln-n-  his  frozen   bo,|_\  w.is  found,  with   one  hand  on 
Ills  breast,  and  the  oihei'  grasping  a  cmiipis.s. 

I>ii  thi'  il.iy  sill  ceeding  our  eamp  II '  Fine  lii\.  r,  we 

croBSi'il  11  very  blouk  mid  duHohitc  prairie,  about   i  ii:ht 


miles  broad.  I'orlnnalely  the  wind  was  blowing  at  otir 
backs,  otherwise  it  would  haM- been  insupportable,  the 
temperature  ot'  the  air  having  fallen  to  I'll"  below  zero. 
.\s  it  wasaliHii>l  impossible  to  eiidi.re  the  inaction  ill- 
voivi'd  III  liciin;  ti^'litly  p  ckcd  in  a  .small  cariole,  not- 
w  iihstamiing  a  lilnral  supply  ol  blankets  and  robe.s,  we 
pi'eferred  to  run  after  the  dogs  across  that  iiihospiiable 
pi'.iirif,  which,  leiwever  beanlifiil  it  in.'iy  be  in  Mimnur. 
is  an  exposed  and  desol.ite  wild  in  Deceiiiber.  Miilual 
astiinishnieiit  was  e.xpies.sed  at  the  iippearalice  ]ire- 
seiiti'd  by  each  iiiilividiial  after  his  long  run  ;  our  eye- 
lu'ow.s,  beards,  nionstaches,  hair  iitid  eve  lashes  were 
uniformly  frosted  ;  the  moisture  from  the  bieath  had 
foiiii' d  icicles  down  our  bcanls,  which  was  tirinly 
frozen  to  the  ho'.ils  (if  our  blanket  coats  ;  patches  of 
frost  bites  mi  chei  ks,  iiosc.  or  ears,  ih  niaiided  instant 
riibbiiu,'  with  snow,  and  the  outside  of  the  coat  of  eai  h 
man,  from  the  nape  of  the  neck  to  the  loins,  was  covered 
with  a  narrow  sheet  of  lioai-fro-.t.  hnuied  by  the  .sulidi- 
i'l-alioii  of  ihe  insensible  jier.spiratioii  the  muiiient  it 
<  'aches  the  outer  air.' 


'  'fill'  ainii'tiriiMCC  of  n  wiiilcr  Ciuii]i.  wlii'ti  nioii  ami  do^s  nro 
hu'icii  in  jirnrimnil  sliniiticr,  is  vi-ry  wilii  juul  saviiixc.  Tliruwin^ 
n  li'iv  iliv  slii'ks  into  tlio  tin',  le  lit-lit  mi  tl.c  sceiu',  lla'  silent, 
sliniiin-riiij;  luniis  ot"  the  ti:ive)lcrs  are  seen  ^tr^■t('ill'^l  in  two 
|i:ii'iill«l  re\\>,  witli  tiu'ij' tii'I  III  till'  fire;  hftwci  II  lIic  nu'i),  one, 
two,  anil  M'lnctinns  tlini'.  lii.^t'  ilea's  liavc  iriiit  ;  .si, me  jirc  lyiiiK 
on  till'  Ul's  ol  llic  liiilf  111  Ills,  liir  llu-  niKi- ot  "iiinilll;  iillicl'S 
li.oi'  t''ituiil  a  siin;r  lici'tli  cloM'  to  tlio  lirr.  Imt  in  ininiiiirnt  ditiarci' 
ot'  liiiniiii_'  tiinr  Inr;  a  tcu  lie  coiliil  oiilsiilc  ol"  tin'  i  a'clc,  liiilt". 
liuriid  in  llie  snow-  tlii>  colil  is  no  intcnsi',  that  tln-ir  tiu'cs  are 
wliile  with  fre/i'ii  brt'Jitli,  niid  scarcely  (lisliii^nisliiiMc.  'flic  tiri , 
even  when  in  I'lill  glow,  h.is  not  iHjwir  to  null  the  snow  niiiic 
ih.in  II  l"t'\v  ini'i.cs  rioni  it,  wiihonl  it  is  i'\)ioscil  to  ilircct  and 
pr'iliin;:cil  r:uliati<'n.  .Now  and  then  a  watchtii'i'-iiofr  r.iisi'*  hid 
lii'.iil.  prohahly  di.stnrlicd  li\  sonu'  s.ighl  inoiion  ot"  tlic  slccjiers; 
he  liiiiks  one.'  ronnd.  and  then  hiirics  his  I'licc  ii^'ain.  Sniiu'tiinen 
a  do;r  will  niter  a  low  nioaniiit;  |_'rowl,  when  three  or  four  otlar 
iliT'*,  jii'-lvihiy  old  stiiiT' I's,  will  ronse  tlitiin-('I\i-.s  tor  iin  iiistitiit, 
hsicn  and  ^r-  wl,  ;:ciK'rally  nil  looking  in  oiii'  direction  and  siaitt". 
in^'  till'  Mil-.  .\  h.Lllli'icd  siis  ii|i,  ioi,!<s  at  the  ilo|.'<,  ohsincs 
lli.ir  mien  ai:d  actions,  and,  alter  a  moMcnt's  |'an-c,  nUcrinir  the 
w  rd  "WoiM's,"  he  iinickly  coils  liii  isdt"  nndcr  his  hl.inkct 
iijaiii. 

Till'  nost  di.»aL'i'eialilo  ]rai't  (if  tla-  daily  ronlinc  of  a  loii); 
winter's  jeiiriH-y  is  the  catchiin:  and  hiiiius>aii;  ol"  the  tings. 
Siaie  111"  thi'-c  aniniaU,  iit  the  h.  i.-iiinin;;  ot  winlir,  when  Ires.,  at 
the  woik  for  Ihe  sc;isoii,  le  ■  .  i-iling  restive  ni.iler  cciTcioii  of 
any  di  s.riiiion,  and  mi  .ok.  iniiitlv  sniip  at  tluir  iniisli'r.s,  who 
invuri.'iiily  arm  tlninwU'S  with  very  strong  n.iitiiis  ot  hnlla  o 
or  ilii'i'  hide,  »hen  liarnes»ing  n  savnge  iinil  iiowerliil  iinniiul. 
flii'V  rei|iiin'  lonii-contiiniiil  iind  most  sivcri'  piiiiishineiit,  to 
make  tlii'in  olu'  i  nt  to  the  wird  of  cmninanil.  1  in  i renin  cut  to 
whiili  iiiiiny  of  li.c  I'lKir  h^■ll^ts  lire  snhj'ctul  wonl.i  gH.  Ihciii  a 
l.nr  claim  to  the  jjtiitii'lien  ol  a  law  iignlisl  crne.ly  t..  anilnals. 
"I'he  laces  of  some  ot"  .  c  tloL's  w.ic  ilrciidl'idly  ihsli^uiiil  hy  tho 
Idows  which  their  nnCnoiij  hmI  IhoiiL-lilhss  iiiasti  r»  inlhcted  on 
ihi'in.  An  bMpiiniaHi  «  iiip  i-  the  iii»irnnant  which  cMiy  driver 
should  b.'  c'.olK'.leil  louse;  hut  the  hall-hlicds  Inisl  to  sticks, 
stones,  "r  my  ohji'it  within  nai  h  on  '.he  mad,  wlmh  is  pit  kt'd  np 
.1- tiny  pi-sand'tht'iinii  at  tlk'ili'g.<.  It  is  paintnl  to  witness  the 
-iid.lei'i  slai-ts  of  tenor  with  wliili  einh  inniniil.  loohinv  "^'er  hi" 
shoulder  as  III'  lro!«  alaig,  wauhes  the  iniiii  and  inolions  of  the 
diiver,  lis  he  jioi*  s  iln  stick  wlmh  he  knows  how  to  throw  with 
j  such  certain  dcxle  i  y  lit  tho  tn'iiliid  nniniids.     All  the  dogs  give 

a  siamllai -         .p'on  one  side,  m  the  missih.  llhs  pusi  them, 

:  whoii  iliri"  >  tho  leader  of  the  train:  and  not  iiiil'riipieiitly 
would  the  .,o.  le  U'  overturmd,  if  it  were  not  tor  tlie  slivni;tii 
and  skill  nl  lia'  driver,  in  hoMii;.-  the  hiop  with  which  he  s'.ccr* 
it.  Vi  hill  this  I  cciirri'iici'  Inkes  place,  and  the  dogs  are  at  lull 
s|.eeil,  tho  iiiilv  plan  loll  lor  the  lalphss  traveller  is  to  draw  hit 
arms  chiso  to  his  sulc,  and  wait  until  tlie  liiiiole  is  righti'd  hy  llid 
diiMr:  liiit  any  attempt  to  right  the  cariole,  hy  I'ntting  out  all 
,o  r.  i-  a  diiiircroua  opcr.iti"n  wi,iih  niii;hl  i  ceasion  u  luokeii 
iiiiili.  Iu  ill  siei.ihlig  sleep  hills,  it  is  llbvays  advi-al  le  to  walk  or 
run.  w  hirh  all  would  in-i-fi  r  for  llic  sake  of  exorci.-i ,  >  xcelil  »  heu 


i    :i 


til 


i 


•! 


3«2 

On  tl 
will  liaii 

frmii  tliu  iiHiiitli  of  l\i'<l    l.ak 
vilhi;;!'  ami  Missionarv  Stiitinii.' 


ALL  ROUND  THK  WORLD, 


(■    8tll    of   niMMMllllIT    we 
,'l   ^{lIl'lHlill   ^Mlll>|>ot'  t\V 


iiri'ivi'il  lit  Vki'A  [.akc, 
clvi'  mills  acriiss  tlic  ici' 
liivii-  to   llu'  Ojilu'Wav 


ry  i:><"l.  ;m'!  tin-  triiiiK  ciiii  prfx-crd  lor  iiiiiiiy  !nilt')< 

.1 t  *"..:  ...  . 

It    is 


tln>  rouil  is  very 

nt  ii  piliop,  witlmiit  fati^'Mi 

A  lu'avv  siiiiw-storih  is  :i  srrioiis  iiiiitlcr  in  tho  pniirit 
tlKMl  :ibsnluti»ly  lit't'tss.iry  I'T  iill  tli*'  t  r.ilns  tr)  kfc|i  rln-^i'  tiipi't'uT  : 
till'  .Irit'tiri-^'  sii-nv  sonti  uhlil.T.tti-s  ilu*  r.':nl,  :inil  ;illliniit.'li  the  (l.._'s. 
l)y  nit'iiiH  of  their  st'iisiliw  ii'sc.-;,  will  t'ollmv  tin-  tnirk  of  llic 
lf:nlirij-  rariiilt',  even  wIhmi  onnplcU-lx  liiiiil»ri  Ir'ni  viow  hy  a  Ii^lit 
fill.  \i"  wlit'U  ■!rtt>s  an-niniil.tti-  tliry  uro  at  faiilt. 

I'n'|»iiririj;  tci  '  iiiiip  in  II  sii<i\v-st.»rin  is  not  an  a^n-rabU'  ()|H'ra- 
ti'iti,  or  sii;;^t'Ktivo  of  that  coinlorr  ninl  safety  wliicli  a  ramp 
iiliiio'it  alTv:iy«  presents.  When  the  tire  is  vmII  liL'hteJ,  Mipp.-r 
ennlvetl  ami  e.itiMi,  aiiil  tlie  p trt \  "  turnei!  in,'  then  it  does  not 
matter  liow  mneli,  h>)\v  li'ivily  it  ^no\vs,  tiie  tnuhlc  Inini; 
reserved  f<)r  the  followiiiij  tliy  After  a  heavy  full  (iiirinj;  the 
I  sletli^^es,  are  eovered  with   a   thiik 


ni^ht,  men,  doffS,  cariole-*,  an<i  sietii^res,  are  eovereu  wiin    a    inn-K 
mantU' of  pure  wKite ;   a  s  uMe!!    shout    from    the  i:uiile  enlivens 

........     ..f      tl..L      mil  >.■>-. lilt  I  !•      Ii>..l..-..'      l'..T>i>iu      I'.i.  >,  I.  ri.  i.iii  I      .illli'     lie       tliiiit* 


t.llv 


.e.l   only  t.v 
atlvanta- 


the 
•f  Ih. 


manv  of   the   apparently   li!rlc-s   forms 

outline:   hut    som*'   of  the   ■^aL.'iieiotis  ilu     _ _   

eo'ieealment    atfonl.tl   hyiiie   snow,  ami,   <(Uite  ne^Ieetlnl   of  the 
Hiii'-tles   Mini    shouts  ti\'    their  mtsters,  "lie 
il-iainetl  for  more  llian  tiiree  hours  on  one 
8iioH-.st(trni,  hy  some  of  the  t|o;;s  preserving-  pi 
motionless    |M)-.ition    iin-ler  ih'ir  eoverini; 
yanls  of  our  eainp  rire.      I'liey    wen 

systt-mitieally   rnuml    the   eaiup  lire.  _  „    . 

aware  of  the  ailv.iutaL**'  vvhieh 


,  the  hiiirhre«'«U  he:n_'  'juit 


elose.-       We 

easiiUi,  after  a  heavy 

^    jierfeet  -ilenee,  aial  a 

_    of  «.now,  within   tiiirty 

f  uul    liy    <lint   of  walking 

•utinua'lv    t  iilar^eil 


iireie,  tlie  hiiK  hre''«l''  neMU  'piite  aware  ot  t  rn'  ailv.iutaL**'  vvnieli 
tlieM'  tMUiiiinj;  imimals  vmmiIiI  taite  of  their  aeei  hntal  eonei-nlnient. 
A  loud  shont,  every  now  ami  then,  announeed  tliat  a  scareiier 
had  stumbled  over  a  truint,  uliose  depresseil  nnen  and  nni'ieious 
Io.)k  sho.ved   !i ow  well   lie  knew  lliat    lie  had   hiou  the  eause  of 

•       I       4 1.1., 


lo..k    sli 

linxicly  !inil  trmihle. 

'    S.Vili  nCliT  til.    

tluit  till'   KimiMii  ('iitliiilif  uiusiiiiiirv 
tvvci  iliiys  previously,  ill  an  :itt<'in|it  ti  i 
siinvv-stnnii.  t'nmi  a  i>ro!h.>iitt)ry  nlnnit  {w 
^ioll.     Hi'  liail  lii-i'ii 


liiiii  i)f  till'  I'l'vils  "f  a  r.  turn 
an  I  iiivitril  liiiii  t'l  )ia"i  till'  M 
iiii«»!iiiiiiry  tli'iiin'iit  tii;it  li''  V 
tViiv.iuir  iluriiiu'  ID  ^li'irt   a  tr:i\ 


arrival  of  tin-  Id  il  I.iiki'  Missinn,  hi>  1.  iiriiiil 

liail  lii'i'ii  t'tii/.i'ii   tir  ilialli 

till'  ii-i'    iliir-tiL'  a 

_.    ;liS    ll.  low     till'   nH>- 

vi>itmj;  a  i-aaip 'it'  (>iili.''V.i\s,  vvlio  wariii'ii 


I  Our  rcuirsc  fnnn  I?i'il  Lake  lay  tlirmiKli  tlii'  womLi 
lii'iili'i-iii^'  li'i'il  l.aki'  Itivir.  W'l'  ti-avi'i.snl  ilir.^,.  verv 
|)irtiiii'M|:ii'  slii'i'l>  of  ffoziii  Wiitrr,  ami  tliiii  ai-rivrd 
at  Op.i-^likwa  J.aki'.  wliiili  lies  at  tlir  foot  of  tlio 
(liviilliii,'  riilt;i'  coristitiitiiif;  llii'  lnit;lit.s  of  lami,  tlio 
watt  T  on  iiiic  siili'  llowiiii;  into  Jlinl.-on'.s  Jla^',  on  thr 
otliiT  into  till'  Culf  of  .Mi'xiro.  At'ti'f  |ia.^Miif,'  tlii.s 
iialuial  lioiiiKlaiv,  wr  iios.siil  'I'mlli'  |.aki',  ami  minii'- 
roiis  liramln's  of  'riirllr  liivii- alioMiilint;  in  wilil  ijif, 
ami  i'iini|iril,  on  tlir  cvi'iiiiii;  of  tln'  HUli  IIiti'IiiImt,  rio.-i' 
on  till'  lioiili'i-s  of  Ca.-.s  l,aki',  ami  mar  a  ilii.'^trr  of 
Iinliaii  xviuwams.  .Slimtlv  aflir  miiliiij;lit.  our  ilia's 
lir;,'an  to  liark  fiiiioiisly.  ami  liir  Ihiliaii  fiini|i  mi  i:ii  il 
smMi'iily  III  ri'ii'iM'  an  iinn  lal  iiitliix  of  vi.sitors. 
<'limiaMn'  to  nil' ami  \\  lii>|iinil,  "  MonkiiKHi  s  conic.  " 
.At  ilaylii-i'ak  on  the  folluwin;;  mornini;  1  ricoonisiil 
.Monkiiian's  (loij.'<  t'latcnii.-ini;  witli  (  lincV,  .-iml  a 
.sliort  stroll  to  till'  Imlian  iaii.-)i  j-atisticil  nic  llial  liis 
parly  liail  arriviil  in  i;iiial  lomliiion,  ami  \vi  ic  ili.~tri- 
Imtcil  union;,'  llic  ililli'icnt  v  ii;\vam.s.  I  fmiml  l.oiil 
('avcmli-.li  ami  ,Mr  .Asliliy  in  one  tent,  anil  Mr.  Si  yimmi 
as  conil'ortalily  '•  ti.\cil"  a...  it  was  )io.-silili'  to  c.\|int  or 
wish  for.  iimlcr  the  liniinistanccs  im-iilcnt  to  a  niiil 
niu'ht  journey  fioin  the  summit  of  the  Jlissis-ii'i'i  .>.lo]ic 
ttilh  til.'  tliiriiionieter  at  /cio.- 

St.irliiii,'  several  hours  in  ailvame  of  MoiikniiMi,  we 
arrivcil  early  in  the  allcriioon  at  the  Imlian  ayi my 
ami  villa;;e  mi  the  south  shore  of  I  ok  l.ecch.  ami  \»cre 
very  eoiili.illy  ii  ccivcil  hy  the  ii^'ciit  ;  the  oilier  tra- 
vellers eamt!  iiji  with  us  hefoie  nij;hffall,  ami  the  half 
hricils  of  the  iinitcil  jiarty  <h  ciili  d  ii|ion  lia\iii^'ii  dance. 
Kiililies  were  soon  |iroenrcd,  a  i';i|aiiiiiis  sti  ic  was 
elearcil  ol  ijooils  and  pai  kayes,  .ind  the  ti mail'  l'o|iiilatioli 
of  the   a;,'ency  and   \illai.'i',   whiili    included   s. me  vciy 


till'  1 
lit  ill  ilii-ir 
.III. I    f'.l    iii.iir 

altli  null   til 


luring  til-    St. inn, 
i^vvaiiis  ;  lull   t!i.' 


ilaii^T'  r  ul 
lliiTiii.nnt'ti.r 


tl 

lit' his  steps.  Willi  ast..iii«li:ii,:  a.-.'iiia.'y  tliisc  wiM  nu'ii  read 
till- liri.'t' liisliiry  ot'  liis  ji.iirney,  an  1  r,-!ateii  tlie  iiiei.leui.s  t.i  iiie 
as  we  sIimh!  .Ill  the  liiuk* '.!  tile    Ui'ti   Lake,   with  III.'    t>jihe\vay 

\illi;re   ati.l   til iirse  .if  the  iinf.irtiiiiatt'  missionary    in   view. 

iluskv  iul'iniiaii  ,  p.iiiuiii."  t..  the  iee  nut  in  n 

•ilieiv  he  .'ir.t  tiir.ieil   liisliii'k 

III!  there  lie  knelt   to  pray,"  t.e  Imtiaii  tttiilinj  lli 


'■  riiere."  s.iiil  my   ...  .._. 
tliati  halt' a  mile  t'roiii  the  lioiises, 

t.itlie  ninit.  aiiil  there  lie  knelt  to  pray,"  t.e  liutiaii  tttiiiiiiu'  tl 
lU'li.in  t.)  the  word,  atiil  kiie.'lill;;  in  the  altltiid.*  whieh  tlletraek 
fli.ini'il  till'  missi.itiary  lii-l  a.'S'iaie.l ;  "miv  ho  f.l.-i'il  t  lie  wind  ali.i 
ran  :i)Z  itll^t  the  hlinililiir  si,.i.v  ami  pit  less  sl.irai  ;  h.Te  tie  llinied 
h  s  h.iek  11;:  liii  ;  I  li.  le  hi- t  r  t.-ks  siinved  how  he  ^li|.p  .1  ami  till, 
ami  iiiiee  a^'aiii  where  he  km-lt  t.i  pray  The  in. irks  ot  :■  -  liiikrer-. 
were  .si't'ti  oil  the  erust  of  su.iw  lyitikj  in  I'r.i/en  palehes  ■  n  the  iee. 
Mtiee  niorft  he  lell.  rose  airaiii,  ktiill  l.ir  a-.\liile,  atid  ma.le  a  last 
etr.irt  to  jiu.h  iiL'aiti^t  thesi.iriii."  Thi'V  eaiiii'  at  leiiulh  to  where 
he  had  tatleii  Tor  the  la-l  .iiiie,  ami  siihsispieiii  li  kne  t  with  liin 
a.l  t'.iiehinir  till'  sii.iw.  II..  was  f'oiim) 
1  the  atrin.le  .it  i.ray.-r.  Ins  head  lii'iit 
the   ini.^ion    must    h 


hands  on  th.'  iee.    hi-    li 
with  his  hamls  ela.pe  I  it 

llp.lll   his   hreist.        fill'  l):llkini5    .|..;rs     Ul     me    iii[-^e.,i     nnisi.     ii. 

lieeii  aware  that  he  was  appr.iaehin.r,  not  with. landi.i;:  the  jrlotnn 
iif  I'Vi'iiiii),' aii'l  the  driltliii'  snow ,  I  .r  they  hay.  d  liereely  in  the 
direeti.iii  he  was  eomliiL:  alsi'it  th.-  time  lie  is  siippo.isl  t.i  h.ive 
fallen.  'I'lie  hairhri'i'ds  h.'ard  the  il.i^'s,  aid  lii.iKeil  nnt  in  expee. 
ttition  i.f  seeing  the  ini-..i.in.iry  appr..aeli,  hut  as  the  do^s  so. .n 
oumed  to  hark  lli.y  th.eiu'ht  i!  w.i-  il  faUe  alarm,  ali.l  did  li..t 
i:ii  to  ntevt  an. I  assist  him. 

It   waH  paiiifnlly  intireslinc  to  watch  the   Imliaiis  relale  the 
b  Tfativi'  of  this  short   hilt  terrihle   jouriie}    liotii  tlie  iut'orinu- 


tioii  they  had  palhered  frnni  tl  e  iilmost  tiaiklesn  iie  and  mow. 
The  in.itatioiis  i.t  111.'  ai'lions  and  iioliuis  ot  the  pei  r  nii». 
siomcy,  his  a'tilnde  of  ]ir:i\er,  his  dri.opiiij;  Inad  tolirhilip  the 
e.ilil  iee.  Ins  liaikward  win  ileriit»,  wire  all  so  laithliilly  repie. 
seiiti'd,  so  Inie  til  nature,  that  the  reality  mimd  1..  U'  eceuiini; 
lielt.re  I..,'.  lather  than  tin'  .sohinn  iiiiiniity  of  a  sataue.  After 
the  Imtiaii  win)  was  n.iist  a.ti\e  in  iin|  irM.itatii'f;  thi-  inifismn- 
ary  had  limshed  hi.s  inoiiniliil  tale,  he  ipiielly  took  a  liplit.il 
pij.e  from  one  nt  his  cnlnpaliinns  slalidir^  hy,  al.il,  ilra»  inp  his 
iilanket  ovir  I.t-  I  ..id  ...n  Inmsi  If  n|  in  the  I'roslrale  Iruiik 
ot  It  itit'.  iind,  withoul  any  rxptession  nt  teeiiii);, i-i.vi  rtly  planeed 
in  my  laec,  lo  see  the  ilhet  nl  his  larrittiM';  and  when  I 
askiil  him,  ll.r..a!;h  the  hall  hii  nl  ilitilpli  ter,  white  the  Isnly 
was  lyiiij;,  he  e..!,lly  j.'in'i d  w ;ih  one  tii.>:ir  to  a  l..L'diiii  clii'.e 
hy,  withunt  withdrawii^  his  pip-  Iriin  his  iniailh,  or  hh.iwii.p 
any  fnrlluT  iittirest  in  the  iiHllir. 

■file  came  nt  the  iiiissioi  ary  w:s  l.iinrtn/  l.aiittjjer,  fn  in 
KraillhtirfTh,  in  iarili.>la:  1  .-  hud  heili  plated  hy  llit-  half  hi  1 1  lU 
in  a  ron^h  eotliii  iiiatle  Ir.in  hall  a  th./rn  pti  c  Isiaids.  anil,  i.s 
he  hiy  rol».l  in  liiH  prii^lly  vi  stim  nts.  e:  liii.  aid  wiilout  any 
tniee  of  silM'etii.i;,  it  (leenid  iiltn.  st  in  |H.ssilile  to  li-alisf  that 
he  I  ail  JMst  ihel  with  tlealh  in  si  eh  a  tirrilile  tonn. 

When  wt;  nrrivial  ill  I'row*..  W  n  t:.  a  It  w  ila\- alter  this  nail  oe- 
nlf.l  ee.  I  went  to  si  o  his  It-.tlur  niissinliaty  .tali.'lied  ihi  re, 
.iiitl  rt'iat.'d  to  hint  all  the  kn.-wn  eireniiistanee^  ..I  h  ..  .leuili,  : ..  I 
li.id  receiM'il  tlii'in  Ironi  the  liiif  hmiK  antl  linliaiis  i.f  lod  Lake; 
ati'l  then  leartie.l  th.ii  the  Ke\.  I  iinit-ti/  l.iiiitipt  r  wa*  an  .\nstrian, 
a  liiati  well  skilled  in  imviiy  latiniiaui  s,  pioiis,  d.  v.lid  aid  inost 
enlhnsia-lie  in  Ins  endeaUMlts  till  In  i-t  lai  ise  the  I  jil.ew..\.  ..f  Itetl 
Lake,  lie  ha.l  iH.t  Iseii  l.e.j;  in  the  coin. try.  Ol  he  w.  iild  have 
had  the  t  xiHTietiee  n.  eesMiix  to  ^-n  .1.  hini  in  Mil  h  a  iii^'ht  a.s  llitit 
ill  w'hii  h  he  met  his  iiiilinuK  tile 

'  A  missinn  WHS  estahlisheit  in  I'ass  Lake  in  Istl.  imd  the 
t'iinilili..ll  of  the  111  hall  IS  report. d  to  hau-  hi  t  n  mmh  alin  K.i- 
r.ileil  liy  the  eierii..ii~  of  ti.e  niissi..iiai'ieii.  The  Imlian  xillape  is 
siliial.i|..ii  holli  sides  of  Tinlle  li'iMT,  anil  i-i.titaii.-  «e\ .  ral  hv 
eal.ins  t.reeli'.l  l-y  the  natives.  No  spit  itiions  h.'m.l  l^  Js  nnitted 
tt»  U'  inlrotlne,il  t  .  llii^  |sirl  of  the  Indinti  l;..,r\es  m  NLiiiie. 
I  sola.  Thi'pi.is|Hi  ol  the  llal  ans.  and  their  jrr  nhial  appfoa.  ll 
I  tiicniliNttioii,  ia  pri'liahl}'  Urgul^  due  lu  thu  pr.dnhii  "ii. 


li  tlic  woihIs 
■il  (licsf  xery 
tlirii  airivfil 

t'oi.t     dl'    tiic 

111'  lilllll.  tlio 
\   I'.iiy,  (III  till' 

|«i>>iii';  tills 
>',  iiiiil  iiiiiiii- 
;  ill  wilil  lii  c, 
■(•(•llllirr.  cliiM' 
■  II  cliistrr  of 
.'lit.  mil'  (li  ;;s 
ciiinli  M'<  l:ii  il 
.  of  vi.sitiir>. 
;iii:ili  s  ciiiiii'. 

1  iini;;liis<  cl 
ilir's,  :iii(l  a 
I  nil-  tliiit  Ills 
111  wnr  cli>lii- 
I  f..iiiMl  l.c.nl 
1  y\i:  Si  yiiiiiiii 
L'  til  r.\|ir(t  or 
li'Iil  til  a  mill' 
>.>-iN>i)il'i  s-liijir 

lliilikli:iili,  Wf 
lllli:ill  :ij,'rlnV 
illi,  mill  wrl'i' 
till'  iillirl-  lia- 
,  iiiiil  tilt'  lialf 
laxili^'ii  (ialiii'. 
IIS  i-li  ir  was 
lali'  |'i>|>iiiati<i|l 
rd  >' 1110  vi'iy 

'f»  ici'  iiiul  snow, 
I    ilii'  I'lir   iiiin- 

I  Inlicllillj;  tlu! 

iiitliliillv  ri'liii'- 
t"  U-  ociiii  iiijr 
suritui'.     Afti-r 

p    till'    lui^:^lll|l- 

ti«-k   il  li^-lit.il 

1,  ilril\^  ill^   llin 

ri'vtriili'  Iniiik 
Miilv  jrliiiii'iii 

;     miii    Ulll'll    I 

line  till'  ImiiIv 

II  liiir-lillt  oln^i- 
ill,  IT  hlici»ii,(; 

laiitipr,  fn  in 
llii  liiill  I'lniU 


1" 


1... Ill  lis 


111. 


il  uiilniit  liny 
til  ii'iilisv  I  lull 


iltir  111 


is  will    IH"- 

nil  lliirf, 
I 


I  II  V  ,l,alli, 

i>r  IN-il  l.likr; 

u;i-  nil  .\n^lrmn. 
nil  (I  111  it  nii>>l 
,l„w.,>...|l!.'i> 
In-  \\i  iiM  liiive 

1  II  iii|ilii  lis  tluit 

isil.  mill  tlic 


ii:. 


II    iiillrli  illiir 
hiiliiin  \illii).'i'  Ik 


111  1.1 


lllll   II  I'l 


litli'il 
Miiiiii'- 


rniinl  iipim 
iiliii'iiii. 


!.i  11   KN     \1'  '1   \  IAIN- 


I. 


M  1l 


FROM  THE  ATLANTIC  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 


passiiljlc  liiiK  brorfl  girls  and  "  wivns,"lmviiiff  )iroiii|)tlv 

asscinlilcd,  ii  snics  ot'  livrly  (Iiiihi's  innimcMi'i'd,  wliii  h 

was  ki'|it   up  till    iK-ar   iiiidiiiL;lit       In   thr  hIisi'iut  nt' 

whiskey,    tli.it   ciirsc'   ol'  s.iviiifc   .iml   lialt' civilised   lite, 

Htriet  iir(i|iiiety  iit'deiueaniiiir  was  inaiiitaiiied  tliinii^^h- 

out,  altliiiunh    llnro   was   uii    laek   iit'  luei  riiui'iit,  jnlce, 

and  8(iM}{.     Tlie  seeiu"  was  reinleicl  muro  sliikiu;^  and 

(•liaraeterislic  <if  the  wild   !i(u  i.t'  theso   reunite  wimmIs  I  at  a  ra|)id    |iai()  duwn   the   M  is>is>i|7|,i   sldjie,  and  here 

by  the  preseneo  of  snuie   Indians,  wlm  were  attracted  !  the  r.ieo  hegau    in  earnest.     The  mad  was  in' e.xcellent 

frnin  a  neii;hliiiuring  iani|i  l>y  the   unusual  soinids  of  |  enndili.in.  the  day  hrl'^lit,  ami  eold,  the  dugs  ea^jer  .ind 

'i""«>'.v.  and  the  ne-n  and  travellers  in  ■.'cud  eiindilidu 
and  e.xeellent  spirits  After  a  splendiil  );all(ip  of 
twenty  miles,  weenteicd  ( 'mw's 'Wiiij.  in  ihe  tiilldwin^ 


356 

After  a  rnu  of  twenty-six  miles,  Oline  ramo  up  with 
Mnnkiuan  a  few  minutes  after  hi'  h.id  st(i|i|ie(l  for 
dinner;  Mr.  Hiikinson  followed  elo.se  hehind  me;  and 
in  aniilher  hour  lioth  parties  were  to};etheiiif,'ain  'I'he 
nuxt  inn  was  to  luinu'  us  to  Crow's  \\  inn,  hetween 
nineteen  and  tw,  nty  miles  disiiun  e.  Staitiui,'  in  order 
in  which  weaii'ivcil  at  the  eanipini;  Kronnd,  we  hurried 


music  and  danoin;;. 

Monknum  started  a  frw  minutes  liefore   us   in  thi 
niorniiif{,  and   we   had   the  advantaije  of   the  road  In 


made,  which,  however,  was  not  much  ■,'ain,  as  a  ^ood  'ird<r,  ami  close  to;,'el  her  ;  I.onl  (,'aveudi^li,  lirst  ;  Mr. 
track  bid  already  been  formi'd  lietweeu  Leech  and  Seyunmr,  second;  .Mr.  Hind,  third;  lion.'  Mr.  Ash- 
Crow's  W'-i^.  Aftera  fair  days' journey  throni,di  a  nla^'  ,  lev.  fourth;  Mr.  Dickin.son,  fifth;  Mr.  Flcmniings, 
iiilieent  pin.f  forest,  bith  parlies  camped  close  together  I  si.xlh;  the  rest  nowhere, 
about  forty  miles  from  our  ilestination. 


Cliue  began  to  pluck  up  his  courage,  which  had 
received  a  check,  when  he  found  Monkinan  pushing  on 
until  midnight  in  order  to  overtake  us  at  Lake  t 'a<s. 
If  we  had  not  been  conipelle  1  to  wail  for  tin'  he  ivy 
laden  sledges  we   should  have  made  much  longer  diiilv 


III.— TFtlloUllII  THE  COrXTliY  OF  THE 
I'.I.AOKl'KET,  TO  THE  ItOf'KV  MOUN- 
TAINS. 

Tin:  ExpeditionofC'aptain  I'alliser.  in  l.'^.'i.'^.totheHocky 

JDiirney.s,  and  no  doidit  Monkm.in  would  have  tiMvcllcd  Mountains,  through   the  counlrv  of  the  Itl.ickfcet,  was 

more  rapidly.      Fifty    miles  a   day,  with    high  caiioles  attended  with  almost  unexpciii.i|ly  brilliant  and  ^ucl•ess- 

with  good  dogs,  would   not   hive  I ii  out  of  the  w.iv  I'ul  results.    Thezealons  labour.^  of  thc>  dilli'ient  members 

On  the  night  of  the  ll'tli  we  slept  for  the  I  ist  time  in  ol  the  E.\)ieilition  eti'ei-led  the  discovery  of  no  less  than 

the  wood.s,  and   both  travellers  and    half  breeds  lo.ikcil  .--ix   new   jia.s.ses,  one  of  which   promises  to   be   of  the 

forward  with  some  anxiety  to  the  race  on  the  nenrow.  highest   importance   to  the   fnlure  progress  of  North 

Moiikmau   and   (,'line   had   agreed    tint    both    pai'ties  Auieriia.  ami,   indeed,   to   the   intercommunication   of 

should    start    together    iu    the    order    in    which    thev  the"  families  of  men.     The^e  pas.ses  were  as  lidlows  : — 

(ain|i' d,  and  our  tiie  w.is  made   about  a  hundred  yards  :        'J'lru,   from    the  siaith   branch   of  the   Sask.ilchewau 

in  advance  of  Jlonkinan.  |  to  the   Kutanie   river,  viz.,  the   K.inanaski  and   Ver- 

V\'e  rose  at  three  and  started  at   five  ;  the  thermo-  ;  mi. ion. 

iiii'U^r  showed  a  few   degrees  below  zero,  but   the  air  Tim,  from   the  Knta.iie  river  to  the  Colundiia,  viz., 

W.18  still,  and   the  .ilmost  illimitable  pine  forests  com-  the  Like  and  the  IJeaver  Fork. 

pletely  hushed  ;  not  the  slightest  breath  ilislnrbe  I  the  Oni;  between  tln^  south  and  tin?  north  branches  of 

tall  and  light  tops  of  the  trees.*   We  ran  on  in  silence  the  S.iskatchewaii  viz.,  the  Little  Fork, 

for  halt' tin  hour  ;  the  hungry  dogs  themsclM'S  appiMi-cd  Om,  from  the  south  branch  of  the  iSaskatchewan  to 

to  be  .sensihie  th.it  tlcir   long   journey  was  drawing  to  the  Columbia,  viz,  the  Kicking  Horse, 

ft  elo.se,  for  .scarcely  ,1  iiite  of  encouragement  or  reproval  In   addition    to   thc-e,   the   Northern   Kutanie  Fass 

was   uttered   by  the   half  brei'ds       My  caiiole   Icil   ilie  has  been   laid   down,  and    found    to  I.e  within   Jlritish 

way,  the  others  of  my  pirty  followed  in  the  rear.    Some  territory. 

forty   minutes  after   we   h.id   sl.irted,  the  dogs    liciii','  The  niovt  proniising  of  all  the  routes,  for  the  purpose 

thoronghl)'   w.irm   at    their  work,  we  iieard  a    yelp  far  of   cro.^sing   the    liocky  .Monnliins.  appiars   to  be  thiit 

bchiiil  lis.  (.,'line  whispered    to    me,  ■■  .Monkman's  p:i.>s-  l.iid  down  by   l)r.  Ilictor.     He  followed  (he  Low  Liver 

ing  there  ;  "  .and  during  each   succeeding  live   miniilcs.  Iribulary  up    to   the   waier  parting  of  the  continent; 

yelp  after  yelp  annoii'jci'd   that   thcMithcr  trains  were  then  continued  forward  until   he  reached  a  traiisveis-e 

being  pius.sed  until,    in   little   more   than   an  hour  from  water  partiie.',   wlii.h   divided   the   waters  of  the   ( 'o- 

our  start,    I    lie.ird    Monlinau's  wfll  known  voici"  close  liimbia  and  North  Saskatchewan  on  the  one  hand,  from 

behind  me.      Without    speaking   .i    word,   he   and    the  tho.se  of  the  Kutanie  and  South  SaNkatchew.in  on  the 

lariole  he  was  driving  pa.ssed  mine.     A  thrill  of  I'xcile-  other.     There   he  fouiio   the  facilities  for  cros,-.ing  the 

ment  pa.ssed  ihroiigli    me  \\|i,-ii  I  felt  the  w.irm  l^rc.iih  nioiintains   to    be  so  great,  as   to  leave   little  ,lonbt  in 

of  his   powerful   dog-i  b.'at   upon    my  face,  as  the  imlile  his  mind  of  the   practicability  of  connecting  the  |  Itiiiis 

••reaturcs  sw  ifi  Iv   trotted  past.      Neither  dogs  imr  men,  of   the   .S.iskalchew.in    with   the  opposite   .side  of  the 

nor   tin?   miillled  up  iiiimiles   of  the   c.iriole.   made  tiiiv  nitiiii  cli.iin  of  t!ic  Locky  Mounltiins,  even  by  means  of 

^igii.     One  after  .inothcr,    Mr.  Seymour,  l.or.l  C.iven  a  rtiilmad. 

dish,    tiiid    Mr.    A>hlcy,    llitted   iioi.seles>ly    by.      Cline  As   regards   the    scenery   of  the    Locky   Mountains, 

whimpered  again,  '-They   make  ti  good  m.id  ;   my  dogs  thi're  is  a  renniik.ible  absence  of  petik.s.      Fine  ghiciei-s 

will  not  be  fir  behind."  lid  the  upper  hollows  ot  the  range  ;  tind  from  ditreient 

It  is  impos.^ihle   to  describe  the  feelings  which  this  tiriiis  of  tin'  same  l.irge  glaci.r  proceed  the  north  and 

ripid     filcnt    gliding  through   those  \ast  pine  forests  south  liranches  of  the  Saskatchewan.     The  snowline 

inspired.      Morning   daAvned  slowly,  but  the  gloom   of  appetirs  to  li.ive   been    between   fi.tMIII  and    7,IM)()   feet 

the  forest  .seemed  to  gr.iw  more  intense  as]  oci'iisionally  aliove  the  sea.      In   hit.  ."il"  4(f,  at  a  height  uf  (!,, '100 

cimglit  giimpses  of  the   brightening  sky  above.      The  feet,   snow   wtis   lying   ill    iiatches   under  the    slitide  of 

sun    rose    without    ii    cloud,  gilding  ihe  tops  of  tall     ti s,  notwithst.inding  a  cletir  mid  dtiy  sun. 

trees   w  itii  ,an  iinleseribable  lii^tri',  bcinlifiilly  rellecled  [       There  is  very  lit  lie  g.ii ilioiit  the  mountains  ;  the 

by   the    sun    wherever    the    golden    ligln,  peiieir.ilcil.  j  most  rciiitirkalile  animal  of  tlio,e  that  »'xist  is  the  white 


956 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


t  ( 


■:■?:      t! 


p[i\\t.  Tt  lives  on  the  hiclifst  )iarts  of  tin-  niiigi',  iiml 
si'Mnm  cl^.^^•('lllIs.  As  ii  ioiis<'i|iii'lii'C  of  llir  iilisi'ili'i'  ot' 
^Mini",  ImiImiis  iiri"  r.iicly  iin't  willi,  aii'l  imni' of  tlu'iii 
|i.issr.-^<  otiirr  lli.in  voi-y  vii'^ui"  kiiowloilj*!'  alpuiit.  tin- 
pisstM.  Tlio  Kuliiiiit'  Imliiiiis  iii'o  ii  wri'tclicil  set,  tlioii;;li 
I'icli  ill  Imrsi's. 

Till' ciniiitry  III'  till-  l'|i|>('r  S:i.skiitrlii'\vaii  was  fniiiiil 
ti>  lie  t!ir  Irss  tVilili'  ami  wrll-tiiiilpi'ii'il  than  hail  Inoii 
.sii|>|i(is('<l.  'I'lii'ii'  arc  lavi,'!'  tracts  of  worthlfss  soil,  ami 
i"oii>taiil  prairie  tiri's  iiavi'  iittiily  ilotrovi'il  tlio  ;»ri':itcr 
jMirt  of  the  timlicr — so  iiiiicli  s.>,  that  tlio  travellers  I 
wiTO  usually  ii>  ilillieulty  owiiij;  lo  the  want  of  fire-  ■ 
wood.  I 

Aliout  Fort  Kdimuitoii'  wheat  is  raisi-d,  and  oa'tle 
rt'inaiii  out  of  doors  the  whole  winter.  Potatoes  grow 
exi'elleiilly. 

A  eiirious  i;eo;;ra|iliieal  fiMtiire  resulted  t'roni  these  J 
explorations,  which  was,  that  when^  tlu'  rocky  moiiii-  I 
tain^  lose  to  their  lii:;lie>t  altitii<le,  there  arc  to  he  | 
faiiid  ilie  lowest  depressions  or  piisscs,  so  that  while 
the  Aii;,'lo-Aiiieric.ins,  in  travelling'  to  the  central  parts  ^ 
of  Caliloiiiia,  h.ive  to  eiic.iunter  passes  ut  "DtlO  fi'ct  I 
ahove  the  sea,  Kinilishnien  ni.iy,  on  their  own  ground,  ' 
travel  through  gofiii's  only  "ilKMI  feet  aliovo  the  sea. 

The  manner  in  which  these  iiii|Mirtaiit  ilisi-overios 
wero  etfectcd,  wa.s  as  f  illows.  On  proccediii;;  I'roin  Fort 
Carlton.  Ciptiin  Palliscr  showed  his  gooil  sense  in 
a)iproichini,'  tlies.-  iiioiiiit.iiiis  from  the  rich  lUitfiilo 
prairies  niidwav  hclwccn  the  North  .ind  South  Si>kat- 
i-hcwan.  .\n  experienccl  Ijiiiralo  hnntcr  himself  he 
knew  that  il'  his  men  w  to  not  well  supplied,  liy  no 
ctforts,    however    well    directed,    could     they    succeed. 


'  Kdinonlon  it  a  well  lutiil  }il'ic>',  soiiitthinir  of  a  Iicxai^nn  in 
fcinii.  Il  1-  s!irri)'in  Icil  by  liii;li  pii'kcis  ami  l)»sthmM,  wliici, 
*itii  llu*  l»attliMii'iit  ua'i'vvHis,  I'll-  tl  i::-t  it*^,  it  *.,  Hive  it  a  i;o  i  I 
(liMil  of  II  niiii'tiiil  .i{ipi'ar.iib'i> ;  ninl  it  in'i'Uiiit's  a  coiniiiainliii;; 
91111'ition,  crewintii  -iri  aiiiio^t  pcrpcii'lu'tilitr  part  of  tiic  b.iiiK, 
ntuml  t  Ao  hiiniiri'.i  It'll  iii  iii'ighi.      fnc  nvcr  i-i  nearly  iiii  wide  is 

Hi  l'«rltiiii.  wliile  l!ie  i .11  ile  biiilii  :ire  well  womlel, aal  llie 

coiintrv  beliiinl  e  Mi-j-i-  of  r<iiliiii;  prairiei. 

Tnis  fort,  bitii  i  i-i  le  iiml  oui-o.le,  14  ileeor.ited  with  pinilin:»s 
mill  ileviee*  to  "nil  tlie  lasle  of  the  •iiiviii;e'!  mat  lrei|ii'il  11. 
Oiei  the  i»ate«a\  iipe  a  m  i-l  t''iii,ii'iil  v.ini'ly  of  v.aiie.-i ;  hut  ihe 
hail,  of  wliieh  both  tile  eeiliia;  ami  ilie  wiiln  prevut  tie 
i;nii-l:e:'t  i*ol»ur^  aihl  the  iiuwt  riiita>t;e  !*t  ilfitures,  iihiolniciy 
riven  llie  i-toMiille  I  llilivei  to  Ihe  npot  with  .viiileranl  i  loll-  I 
rrtiion.  The  hiiihliiii;*  are  siieareil  with  11  fe-l  eiriii,  t'liiti  1  ei 
tlie  iieiiilihourho  111,  win -li,  wiieti  imxeil  witli  iiil,  prodiiee*  a 
iliinbie  brown. 

The  vieinii.v  in  rieii  in  niitieral  proiln  ■tioii-i.  .V  j»eain  of  ei>al, 
ib"iil  ten  teet  in  ileptli,  eui  he  tr.ie.-.l  lor  a  very  eon<iiler.ih  e 
(l;-la'tie  :iloni»  hotli  <i  les  of  the  river.  Tins  eoal  re'eniSien 
«l:ile  in  iippearanee  ;  anil  tlioiiijii  it  reipiiri'-  a  fitroii^er  dr.iii^hr 
ol  iiir  than  that  of  an  ordinary  ehininey,  yet  11  ii*  foiiii  i  lo  answer 
tolerably  «eil  lor  t  le  hiaek^iiiitliS  forg,'  I'etrifietion*  are  alio 
found  'lere  m  alnind  inee,  and  ai  the  I'ort  tiie-.'  wa*  a  puri' ^to■le 
whi'-li  had  oiiee  bi'eii  a  I04  of  wood,  ah,, at  six  feel  in  lenjrtli.ai  I 
four  or  live  in  L'irtii,  til  ■  rest'  iiblanee  being  so  euiiiplele  a*  even 
to  deceive  the  eye. 

Kdiii'iiiton  IS  a  larije  rs'iibiidini^nt ;  as  it  lins  to  furnish  ninnv 
other  disl net-  wiili  provisions,  a  lar^e  siippiy  is  alwuys  kept  on 
hand,  eo'isisiinn  entirely  of  di  led  meat,  tongues,  and  peni  niieaii. 
'I'nere  are  usuallv  nere  a  etiiel  faeior  and  a  clerk,  with  fortv  or 
lll'ty  men  with  ilieir  wives  and  ehiidren,  Biiioiintini;  aito:;etber 
lo  aliiiit  1:10,  WHO  ad  iive  wit  inn  tlie  piekeis  ol  tin  lort.  Their 
eiiiployineiit  i-oM-ists  eliielly  in  tnii.dini;  boais  for  tlie  trade, 
(lawiii.;  tuiibiM-,  -tiosl  of  wliieii  they  raft  ilnwn  the  river  from 
ninety  miles  Iniiher  iip,  euttiiin  up  tue  sinaii  poplar,  vilii  h 
»b)iinds  on  Iho  nia-jjin  of  the  river,  lor  liri'  wo.el,  HilO  cords  ut 
wliieli  are  eoiisuined  every  winter,  to  supply  the  iiiiiiierous  tires 
in  this  estahiisliniiMit.  Tlie  empioMiient  ol  the  wmneii,  who  are 
nil,  witliont  a  Miii;le  e\ee|ilion,  either  S'piiHs  or  hall-hreed-. 
consists  in  niikiiit;  inoeassiinj  and  eloiiiiiig  lor  tli-  men,  and 
C"ii»orting  the  Iried  meal  into  iiemniicaii. 


.\ccordii)o|y,  Imving  ostnhli.shed  n  pood  linse.  and  liar, 
ini;  secured  alitindant  jirovisions  at  Sliiu;;htrr  Creek, 
he  liivided  his  tiiice  into  tliiee  parlies.  I.eailiii>.'  one 
of  these  himself  across  the  Katianaski  '"ass.  and  re- 
tiiinino  hy  the  Kutaiiie  I'ass  in  nnrlli  liitiiiiile  '10^', 
anil  dircctino  Captain  Itlakislmi  to  explore  the  still 
more  soiitheily  or  I'loiiiidary  Tass.  he  .•■ent  I'r.  Jlector 
to  traverse  the  chain  hy  the  Vermilion  I'ass.  tunl  tii 
explore  the  much  lotticr  iiioiiiilains  into  \\liicli  tliu 
chain  rises  in  ils  trend  lo  the  N  N.W. 

I'reveiitcd  liy  his  in.-trnetions  I'reiii  dcscciidiii},'  into 
the  valleys  of  the  Coltiliiliia.  and  there  to  uscerlain 
pr.ieticalilo  roiitcH  to  llie  Far  NVe.st.  l)r.  Hector,  tliongli 
so  sevendy  injiiied  hy  the  kick  of  a  Imr.-e  as  to  le  in- 
capacitated IVoin  niovinij  liir  .sdiiie  tl  lys,  cnntiiMil  so  to 
travel  tiorthw.irds  as  to  voiiiid  the  ha.-e  of  the  loftiest 
nioiinlains  of  the  chain  lafore  lie  ictniinil  to  his  winler- 
iprirters  in  Octoher,  niter  an  aliM'iice  of  (iohiii  n  weeks 
from  his  chief,  hut  laden  with  valiialile  p,'t  noiapliical 
and  geolooii'al    knowledfte. 

In  this  sllrv^y  he  had  the  merit  of  .sliowiiii;  that  the 
Vennilion  Pass  —  which  is  less  than  .'"idim  Ii  1 1  hifili,  iind 
therefore  llKM)  feet  lower  than  iiliyotli(r  kinvMi  (niss 
of  the  Itocky  Mountains — had  iiiiothti-  dciidt  il  ndvaii- 
tage  over  them,  inasiinieli  as  its  westdli  .sin]  e,  fidin 
the  siimiuit  level  of  the  lioise  j  atli,  is  no  little  ^teep 
that  its  explorer  li  .s  no  doiiht  lliiil  cm  11  a  loud  for 
carts  may  he  then'  estahli.slied.  'Hie  desiinls  west- 
ward, or  into  the  drainage  ot  tlii'  Coli  nil  ia,  in  the 
other  pas.ses,  are  exceedingly  i-tup;  niiil  iiemnling  to 
Captain  lilakistmi,  the  Kntatiio  I'ass  laii  only  have  a 
railroad  made  along  il  hy  the  Ii  niialicli  (<f  tiiiliils  ol 
several  miles  in  length,  aid  \>y  <  1  i  ountei  ing  the  (lifll- 
ciilty  of  the  steep  western  fiiailiint  of  I'.il  Itet  pel 
mile. 

.\notlier  sitigiilariiilur.il  fcatnie  of  <  c  ni]i!iiiM'ii  is, 
that  whilst  the  Vermilion  ra.s.s  is  less  than  fi.td  0  f  el 
aliovethe  sea,  the  adjacent  iMiiintains  <ii  the  iimtli 
rise  to  near  IC,(MlO  fct,  •■■howiiio  tl,,.  j;irat  depth  ol 
the  gorge  On  the  idher  hnnil,  in  the  iiiiij.e  laAoiid 
the  jSrilish  lioiinlary,  to  the  Fouth,  and  wlieie  no 
peak  inot  even  that  of  Freniont)  e.  ds  1  Il.t  I  d  fi  it, 
the  pa-ses  raiige   from     GlUhi  lo    T.fOtifiit    hith 

Already,  in  ISol.  .Mr.  Asa  NVhiiiiiy.  ol  lli  I'nilid 
.States,  ill  piop.isiiig  his  gionntie  plnn  ol  nii  inti  r  oceaiiie 
r.iilw.iy,  had  st  iled  that  tlie  lust  line  ol  iniereourse 
hctwceii  the  two  o.iaii~  uoiihl  he  filil.d  within  the 
IJriiish  territories,  ami  the  ralli.-er  e.xjiililion  iiiis 
already  gone  fir  to  t!i  niniistrate  the  tintli  uml  value 
of  this    statement. 

With  a  kiiowledgo  of  thi'  daia  anpiind  hy  the 
Pilliscr  expedition,  nil  11  of  iiideiit  ii.inils  already  eon 
tc'iipkiie  the  formation  of  a  railioail.  or  if  not,  of  a 
pr.ietica!  route,  which,  traversing  Ihitish  possessions 
only,  shall  comieet  the  Atlantic  ai  il  I'acilie  Oceans. 
Pint  when  we  reHect  that  the  liiigth  of  this  line  is 
aiiove  I'.nilil  Kiiglish  miles,  and  that  the  greater  pail 
of   the     route    on    ill"   east    will    have  to  tiiner.se   wild 

.  and   iiii| pled  regions    we   cannot    rush  to  hasty  eoii- 

idiiMiiiis  as  to  the  pr.icticiliilit v  ol  sinli  mi  enlerpiise. 
Neither  ought  wc  to  deride  a  plan  which  may  he  nlti- 
nialely  c.illed  for  when  I'.i  ilisli  ( 'nliimhia  and  N'alicouver 
Island  shall  have  ri-eii  into  that  imporianee  which  they 

iiiiist  ;ilt  till  as  ihitisl Ionics.      For.   it   is    now   a.scer- 

taineil.  that  the  tract  lying  hetweeii  the  North  and 
South  Saskatchewan  on  the  east  is  one  of  great  fertility, 
where  no  inieii.se  cold  prevails,  and  that,  i;ee  through 
the  Hockv  Myuntuiii!:.  tiic  traveller  caters  a  L'cui.trv  ol 


PROM  THE  ATLANTIC  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 


357 


ii'iliHN  iiiid  licli  V('iji't:itirii,   in  wliicli  rvcii  wliiMt  iimy     (irst  timi-  sincu  riciiily  linty  yciiru,  traversed  a  district 


li(^  j,'ni-.vii    .'it    lii'ii;lits   ixn'ciliii;;    L',()(MI    tri't    'ilxivo   tl 

Hen.      Ill   lli>'    iiiriiiiliiiii'  we  iii'i'il,  at  nil 

lies.tatji'ii   III  ;i~~iiiiiiliL:  'li'it  tlie  eleclrii' 

ere  )  mu'.  lie  :i!  wuik  neinss  j'.iitish  Nmlli  Aiiii'riea 

V/lirllier  mil'  lit'  tlie  lieii,'lits    ealled     .Miiiilits     i'lliiwii 
anil  lliHikei' liv  Mr.   |)iiii<;las,  in  liiiiiniir  of  mir  eminent 


wliirli  lias  liiirne  a  very  ill  name  amimf;  wliite  men — 
vints,  have  no  tlie  eiiiintry  of  tlie  jtlaeicfoet  and  lUmpd  Imlians. 
Ii  lii,'iM|ili   will.    That  tliey  hail  ilnnesn  in  sat'ity  is  due,  in  simie  def^rec, 

til  tiivciiiralile  eireiimst.nH'es,  Imt  aUu  tn  the  tail   and 

skill  (if  < 'a|it:jin  rallisir  in  eDlieiliatiiii;  their  alVeetinlis. 

Arrived  at  the    Knot   of  the   limkv   .Mmuitains,  tlieit 


liiitaniiiil  eiiiitiin]iiiraries.  lie  still  hi;;her  thiin  the  expeetations  were  far  more  than  realised.  Not  one 
^!olllll  .MmehiMiii  of  I'alliser  ;ind  lleetor.  it  is  eei'tain  pass,  as  they  supposed,  Imt  many  practioahle  jia.^se^ 
tiiat  the  ihaiii  diiiiinishes  rapidiv  in  its  tri'iid  I' this     were  iliscovered.      Two  of  theso   seem    to  merit,    in  an 


eliister  to  till'  north.  We  know,  indeed,  lliat  .Maeken- 
zi.',  the  tirst  ;,'reat  exiilorer  of  those  rei^ions  passid 
thtouyh  the  iMiine  in  ninth  latitude  .")<1  ,  at,  a  eompara 
tivelv  lower  levid.      .\irain,    we  further  know,   that  in 


espeiial    decree,    the    attention    of   the  pnlilie  in   this 
einintry  ;  lieeaiise.  siiiee  that  expedition  was  sent  out, 

^n  at    national   interests  have   In me   involved  in   the 

•oiii'MiiniiMlion    with    the   west  coast    of  America,    in 


irm Iiii;j  iiiirthwardH   tlnv-e  iii.iintains   dwindle  into     eonseipieiice  of  the  ;;iild  discoveries  in  that  far  distant 


in<ii;iii!icanee  Kcfore  they  reach  the  Arctic  (tceaii.    »  rei,'ion. 

It    is   turlhei    to  lie    ninaiked.   in   eonnection   with     liy    Mr    I'alliscr,  h  ad^   int 
tlii-e   discovei  iis,  \hai    the  intrepid    travellers,   fur  the     river,    and  |iasses  d.iwn    il 


I  he  new  southern  pass,  which  was  di.  covered 
the  valley  of  the  Kiitanie 
ciaiise  of  that  river  inti 


l(  r  111  ealuc 
llilercolllse 
within  the 
litiiiii  has 
and   value 

1,1    l.y    the 

111  ally  eon 

not,  of   a 

■  OSM'Ssilill- 

c  ( tec-Ills, 
lis  line  Is 
later  pall 
Mlse  wild 
h.isly  coii- 
eiiterpiise. 
IV  lie  nlti- 
Naiieonver 
which  they 
now  ascer- 
Sorth  and 
il  fertility, 
llirini;;h 
Ltui  try  of 


CHIMNev    ROCKS,    ON    THE    BANKS   OF    THE    COLUMBIA    RIVER. 


Aniericati  territory.  The  two  more  northerly  p.is,ses 
are  eiilirely  upon  llritish  iirniiiid.  One  of  them,  the 
Vermilion  T  is.s,  lead-  to  the  Kutanie  river,  near  to  its 
source;  and  i  second  accessiiiy  pass  presents  itself  ilii- 
niediatcly  ymi  have  ciosm'iI  the  ili\  idiliu'  ridj;e  of  the 
Hocky  Mountains.  Turning  to  the  right,  with  scarcely 
any  )n'rceptilile  elevation,  ymi  pass  from  the  head 
waters  of  the  Kutanie  river  to  a  Inanch  of  the  Colum- 
Ida  river.  Nurthward  of  that  is  another  Jiass,  a  little 
higher,  called  the  Kicking  Horse  I'a.s.s,  of  which  we 
have  not  yet  the  full  dctail.s.  It  remains  to  hedecideil 
which  of  these  two  passes— Imth  of  them  very  eligililc 
ill  point  of  geii;,'iaphical  position — will  he  the  more 
Mvailalile  fur  use,  suliject  to  the  eomlitioii  that  for  a 
gre.it  part  of  the  year  the  moiint.iin  range  must  I  c 
covered  deep  in  snow.  One  wind,  however,  as  to  the 
mode  of  gettini;  to  this  country.  The  red  dillicully 
a]ipears  to  he  in  ini-  -sing  that  small  portiuii  which 
lies  lietween    the  collier  ol    Lake   Su|ieriiir  and  Kaiiiy 


monntahle  ohstacle  in  carrying  a  land-road,  for  ;■ 
certain  dislance.  to  the  westwani,  ]i:i|-allcl  to  the  coursi- 
of  the  White  fVli  Kiver,  which  talis  into  the  Kami- 
nistoipioiah  soim-what  lielow  the  Kakalieka  Kails,  lint 
then  there  comes  a  region  of  swamps  and  locks,  so  in- 
tricate that  one  never  .seems  to  remain  long  on  either 
land  or  water  ;  and  without  .some  enormous  mitlay, 
there  seems  no  practicahle  mode  of  making  a  land-inail 
in  that  direction.  Nor  is  there  any  ennvenicnt  way  of 
travelling  hy  water,  e.tcept  liy  the  tedious  one  of  small 
canoes  and  crossing  portages,  of  which  twenty-six  were 
loiinil  in  the  lower  emirse  of  the  Wlnite  b'i.sh  liiver. 
I>ut  the  sm.-ill  space  of  tifty  or  sixty  miles  from  I'igeou 
liiver  to  the  Kaminisloipioiali,  h:'--  never  yet  lieeii 
explored  liy  white  men  ;  and  it  it  should  lie  found 
that  thei'c  is  a  sullicicnt  amount  of  dry  and  .solid  land 
on  which  a  loiil  can  he  made,  it  will  throw  open  to 
r.rilish  ehii'i-piise,  in  the  valley  of  the  Saskatchewan, 
a  Ir.ict  111'  1,  iritorv  of  greater  extent   than   the  wliolo 


Lake.      It  dii 


iippi 


liowever 


that  there  is  no  iiisiii--     o 


f  !•': 


d  I'liiirliiiid  nut  toyet'iei- 


d«e  ALT,  ROUND  THK    WOHlAl 

Anodipr  fonture  of  tliis  country  I'a thopxtnionliiiiirv  i  livcis  llimin^'  |iiii.illil  to  nicli  otlicr  a  (i'w  milos  upiirt 


n  it  nil',  t'  till-  \val«'r-»li(Ml  in  the  IJiK'ky  M.nintums.  Kx- 
lejit  in  tlir*  'ar|Hitliiiin  el  ain.  we  li.ivc  iidwIh'iu  in  tlio  <ilil 
world  iinytliin;;  exactly  liko  it  I'lic  rivt  is  sccni  ti>  |ia>s 
noross  till' axis  ol' j;n'ali'st  olrvatinu.  'I'lu'  two  main 
lirai  I'lies  of  tin- Saskatflu'WHn  riviT  jmss  to  tiu'  wi>t- 
wartl  of  till'  Iiii,'lios»  ninnntains  in  tlio  cli.iiii.  Mmiiit 
Murciiison  and   Momit   Hooker  :  anil  on   tlic    western 


till-  a  loni{  di>l  III!  I',  till)  ( 'olnniliia  iijid  the  Kill  an  le,  one 
rniiniii),' to  llie  N.W.,  and  the  other  to  the  S.  Iv  it 
ii|i|ieai's  to  Im- one  ol'  the  niiist  sinyiiiiir  faels  that,  wi. 
kii'iw  oC  in  |iliysiiMl  p.i^fiui.liy. 

Hitherto  we  Ii.im'  lieeii  ii;nnraiit  nl'  the  iiii|>oi'taiit 
■  ■■•iiiitiy  explored  liy  the  I'nllisi  r  i\|irili(ion,  luiaiise  ii 
has  lifen,  to  II  certain  extent,  .-hilt  ii|i    ly   tiii^   iliuUoii 


»ide  uf  the  cLaiu  wo  have  tliis  extraordinary  tUct — two     Jluy  (Joniimny.     'I'hut  CuinjiaMy  held  territoriiJ  nway 


'c>^<^>:r<> 


^'^  ^^ 3  W-  V^if'Ac- ,    C^^u\^^ 


"'•IJ^"^'"    ■^■^' 


INDIAN   SEPULCHRES   ON    THE   BANKS   OF    THE   COWLITZ    RIVER 

ri«ht  of  tntde  over  the  who,,,  of  the  ^^^  ,^:^-^zr:::T  i':'Tlrt^z^^^ 


!  ii; 


"and  exclii-i\i    ...s—  - ■        ,        ,.  .   ,i 

cuunlrv.  The  inii..atanc..  ..f  the  di~cov.iv  i  th.-e 
three  pass.  >  ii,n>t  .hp.  nd  in  a  peat  in..i>,i,v  np..i,  the 
value  of  tl,..  l,:cl  on  each  shle  of  th.'  Iv.ickv  .Monn 
tains.  ll  tl„.  Iind  to  the  east«aid  l,etw,-,-,i  1-ake 
Winilies  and  tie'  K.  ky  M.mntai„<,  and  the  land  to 
.he  westward  icmi'  toth..  n.-^v  eo|.,i,y  of  Clni  .  ,ift.  he 
valueh.s.1,  then  tie'  ,lis,-,,vei  i.'S  «  hi,h  Captain  1  all.ser 
ha.,  mad-  will  he  e.pially  valn..|,.>,  T-nt  if  we  can 
.l„,w  'hat  on  the  d,v,l..pni,M,t  oft',:"  cuntry  whu'h 
lie    l.,4ween  Luke  \Viuip.g  and  the  liocks  -Muunlaius 


,  ,.'u.iv,lv  .h'pecU.  th.'ii  vM  shall  he  aMe  to  rcdise 
tlh-  full  imp..ila:ic>.  of  Me  se  (liscv.i  ies.  W  e  hav,'  in 
itritish  teiriloiv  two  of  the  pvatcst  harlM.iii>  m  the 
woihl, -on  th,''.Ml.;ntic-  sh,,iv,  tli.^  harhoiir  of  ll;ilitax 
ill  Nova.S-otia;  amloii  the  I'a.ilic  -ii.,n,  that  of  Kxpii- 

nianll  in  Van.,aivr  l.slaiid.      N can  resist  rxpics.s- 

iic'  a  h.>|>e  that  at  no  distant  d,iy  we  shall  see  thes,'  tw.i 
,,,7,neci,d;  and  then  it  will  l,e  th.it  tho  inipori, in.  e  „f 
this  disc  .MTV  will  cme  into  phiy.  It  ni.ist  also  he 
observed  that  iu  as  far  as  regards  tlis  exiatnig  dilhcul- 


h^mi 


r;i  llllniist 

to  r'-.iliw' 
liiivi'  in 
1I-.  in  till' 
.1'  ]l;lllt':l\ 

,if  IvMiiii 

■  t  I  X|'ll'HS- 
tll.'M'  I  WO 
III. 1111  1"  of 

it     ilNll     1"! 

;>  dillii-ul- 


PROM   TllK  ATIANTIC  TO  TIIR  rACIPic.  889 

tii's    ill    (liis    coniitrv,   Ix'twoon    tin-    WHtcrn    niiining  |  in   tlic  winter   tlmn  llic   sweet  fodiliT  of  Tndiiin  eorii. 

toWMiils  IIiiiImiii  mill  .l;iiMi's  \U\,  ,'iiiil   tlie  wiilei-M   run-  Kiirtlier  iiniili,  (lie  .■.Imil  >iiiiini>i-.  me    n  >l    lii\  iniiiil'le 

niiiH  touiii'ils    l.iiki'   Sii|ierioi-,    l.ii'  ilie    last    two  years  to  enhivalion  ;   liul  « lieieNer  ^eItlel^t  me  in  |io>.>eN-.iiin, 

tlie   Cmiiiiliiiii    ( iiA  1  iriiiieiil,  as  well    a^    the    Home  <io-  lliey  will  mhih  liinl  llii  ir  wav  to  tlie  i|e|io.sit.i  of  eoplnl' 

Vei'iililenl.  lias    liail    an    e\|>loi'iiig  |im  ly  lietweeli    Lake  ami  otliel'  \  alniiMe  inilier.iU  ;   anil    siieli    is    tlie  tiieility 

Sii|M'iior   aiel    tlie    Iteil    liiser  ;   ami    it    woulil    a|i|iear  of   water  eoinniiliiiealioli,    tliat    these    will    in    time  I. e 

from  their  e\|iloialioiis  that  there  does  not  exist  siiili  hronnlil   to   ihe   si  iilemenls,  and   exiliaii;;ed    liir    |iro- 

mi    iiisii|i  ralile    olijei'lioii    to   the   forni.ilion  of  a    land  visions  and  other  iierosaries    wiih   the    inhaliilaiits   to 

road  as  had    lieeii    sii|i|iosed.      'i'lli'    nreate-.t  olislai  le   is  the  south  li\  iiii;  ill  iiiiliji  i    I    lillides. 

a  swaiii|i  called  the  Savniine.      In    that   swamp,  in   the  faptain  I'alliser's  |iai  t\    hit  their  w  inter  i|iiarlers  at 

I    K|iiie(.>   of  three  i|iiai'terH  of  ii    mile,   there    is   a   titll  of  ivlmoiiton    earlier   in    the   year  than   wmild   otherwisu 

tllirty-one  I'eet.       Kxeept  III  isolated  plaees,  tliilt  swaiii|i  have  heeii  desirahle,  on    aecolllit  of  a    ;;real  seareity    of 

is  nowhere   more  than  tliri r  four  feel  deep;  and  at  piovisions,      It  was  not  mil  il  .May  II  that  liny  fell   in 

the  holloiii  is  a  strong  elay.       It    is,    imleed    one  of  the  with    lintl'aloes.  iind  were    aide    to  resiipply    tin  iiiseKt  s 

easiest  palls  to  t'orni  a  road.      An  Amerieaii  would  eiit  with  stonsof  peiiimiean. 

down    the   hrnshwood   and    pile    il   mi    tin'   top  of  the  t»w  ing  to  ('a|it    I'ailiM'r  ha\  ing  lieeii  in  the  I'.laikfooi 

swamp,  then  ent  down  a  few  tier^  and  pile  iheiii  oil  the  eoiiiitry,    hoth   in    the   Mimnier   of    li'^.iM    and    in    ti.e 

top   of  the  hrilshwood,  and    that    would    form  a   tein  winter  of  18.")S-!I.  he  was  well  known  iiiid    nniiiole-ted 

poriiry   road;  and  when   a    heller   nuul  was  wanted   it  liy  the  natixes.      jir    lleetor,  al-o,  had  aeipiired    great 

eoiild    easily    he    made    on    the    top  of  the  snlistratiiln  inllneiiee  among  tleiii  liy  his  nudieal  skill.      'I  In   eoiise- 

thus    laid.      With    respeel     to    the    ri'inaiiulor    of    the  ipieiiee    is,  as  ('aptaiii   i'alliser  sa_\s,   they  hail  travelled 

eouiitry    lietweeii    Ijake   Superior   and    l!ed    Kiver   no  tliroiigh   the  whole   of  tin  ir    ten  ilories  (lllin  kfeet  iiinI 

gleat  dillii  iilly  exists  Itlood    imliaiis),    a    poitiMii    i>|    euiintry    hillnlto    eon- 

l.ord  liiiry,  who  is  one  of  what   would    in   old    times  sidered  mi  d.ingeioiis  ns  to  In.  almost  impiaetii  aide,  iiinl 

lie   ealled  a  i   inipany    of    adventurers,  who    have   eiiii  they    neither   had    a    lior.-e   stolen    nor    a    giili    poiiitrd 

Ir.ieled      with     the     ('aiiadian      llevernnieiit     to    earry  at   them    hy   miy    of  tlio-e    trihes.        llowiver.   he   tloes 

their    mails    from    t'anada    to     the     l!eii    liiver,    savB  not  wish  to  infer  that  a  tot. d  stranger  would  I.e  i  .|nally 

tli.it    they    do    tli.'il    with    their    present    small    means  safe,  nor  that  any  one  tn  eon.panied  hy  a  niliitaiy  foree 

and    iiiellleienl    organi.salioii,    twiee   u-inonth    without  (iiiile.s>  that  tone  were  .i  very  large  one^  wi.iild  also  hu 

dillielllty.       That    faet    is  a   siiHieieiit    argument    to    the  safe.        These     Indians    lie  in  \eiy  lalge  ran  ps  of  tVolii 

iilijeetion  that  the   Savmine  iA.nnp   is   an    insiiper.ihle  ItM)  to  liOii  tents 

olistaele  to  road  making.      With  re>peet    to    the    value  t'aplain    I'liUiser    was.    however,  linieli    iliMippoiiiti  il 

and  extent  of  the  eiiltivalile  land    lielweeii     lake  Willi-  »  ith  the  eliarai  ter    of  the    distriel    lying    helueiii    the 

peg  and  the  Ifoekv    Mount. tins.    .Mr.    Itloggil.    the    ills  iiieiiill.in    .l>7"  ."><'   and  I  I-",  on  the  soiilli  Irialieh  of  the 

tiilgilished    Amerieaii    elimatolo^rist,    e~tinialis    tliil    it  S.iskatihewali  ;      his    expeetatioiis    liad     lien     that     il 

lolll.'iins   altiii.'ellii'r  almill    ,'illll.lllMI   .-ipiare    miles   liilly  would  alfold  a  niii>t  desirahle  phiee  tiir   silllels,  la,t  I  e 

adapted  for  the  operations  i.f  ,ii;ii,.||ltiire  in  every  way.  I'oiiiid  it   to  he  ill  wati  red,  liairen    ol    i;rii>s,  and  I  ale  i  i 

.Vssnniing  that  estinnte  t.i   he   eorreel.    ah  mt    4.'l7,tiiii>  limlar,  audit   was  oi.lx    in   a  lew  p'aei  s  In  le  ;,hil  iheie, 

si|iiare  miles,  or  more  tli  ni  7  I  7.1111"  ttl'tt  ot  aeres.  would  «  here  the  land  rises  ItllH  or   I'  n    li  it    al,i.\e    ihe  plain, 

he  in  the  Iti'itisli  territiiiy       A  llleaivdi  Imt  a  small  part,  ihat  the  Negetalioii  improves.    'I  he  I  \  piei^  .Mi  iintains. 

ol  the  territory  of  North  Ameiiia,  II  Would  I iioiiLrh  in    lat.    40"    :i.^ .    long     111",    wiie   ui  II  w.di  u  d.    tini- 

to  support    .'ill    tireat     Ih'ilaiii    and    her   depeiiileiieie>.  Iiered,  and  laiilv   sim  kid    with    gaii  e.       lii  le  the  party 

We  know  that  the  hiilfdoes  can  winter  on   the    I'pper  emamped  and  iiiinted,  and    fiom  lire  jii     ilutur  was 

.\lli.iliiusea   Just  a.s    easily   as   they  call   in    .Minnesota  di-patched   on    a    lii.ineh    i  \p(  iliiiim  to   le  e.\ploie  the 

We  know,  too,  that  on   the   two  hriiiches   of  the   Sas  pi.ss  he  di.seovered  lie-t  year,  and    to    Im  k  Im  a  road  to 

katehewaii  all  the  grain  grown    In    temper.ite   latitudes  the  valleys  of  the   Kramer  and 'riii.iii)ison  llivirs. 

can  he  easilv  raised.       diist  south  of  the  lioiindary  line  .\s  it   ultimately  pro\id.  tlii-   route  Is   not   a    piaeti- 

tlie  great  eiiuestrian  trihes  of  the  Indians  winter  their  eahle  one.       I»r.    Hector  was   entangled    in    \asl    |i. rests 

hor.-es,  and  It  is  not  to  he  supposed  that  that  lioiind.iry,  of  extraordinaiy    density,   and    it    «as   only   will    the 

a    mere  astronomical  line,  separates  the    fertile   regions  greatest  exertions    thai    he   even    .siaceedi  d   ill   fining 

of    the  I   lilted  .-states    tVoiii    a    sterile    n^gimi     heyond.  himself   through    it.  and    in  avoiding    heing   caught  hy 

Kxperieiiee   has  |iroved   that  that  is  imt  faet.       Ihitliih)  the  winter  snows. 

and    wild   c.iltle  can    live   perfeilly    well   there;    and  Captain    i'alliser.  aeioiiipanied   hy  Mr.  Sullivan,  fol 

wlieri'ver  grain    is    tried    it    Iris    siiccei  ded    almost  he-  lowed    the    houiidaiy    line,  which   pas.sed   over   a    level, 

yoiid  the  hopesof  those  who  have  uiidertakeii  it.      The  arid,  .sandy    plain,  in    which    they  coiihl  rarely  prociiri! 

w.iiit    of  a   niiirket    has    iK'eii    the  great   thing  which  water   except    from    occasional    swamps  ;    while    these 

i,a>  slopped  them.  wen'  hi-ackisli  and  their  iieiglihouil d  harren  of  gia.s.s. 

.No  ipiotioli  of  gre.iler  importance  has  presented  itself  lie  then  cros.sed  the  niouniains.  and  reported    that   his 

in    coiineeiion  with  Captain  I'alliser's  discoveries,  than  elhals  to  tind  a  route  pr.icticalile  fir  horses,  tnnii   Kd- 


whether  this    imperial  diiiiiain  is   capahle  of  sustaining     n 


lontoii  west  walils.  ac 


an  inilustrioiis   populatinii 


f       Tl 


lere    is    no    I 


loiiht  that  .  as  till 


ross  the  li'ocky  .Mountains  as  far 
ilude   of   Kort  Ciihille,  and  iiitirelv  within 


for  several  ih'gnes  hey I  the  most    northerly  part    of    Ihitish    territory,    havi'   heeii  /«  ;7m.'(/(/    fii,;rn!.jitl.      Ii 

tliefnintier  of  the  I'liiled  States  this  ipnstion    may  he     addition  to  this  he  travelh'd  i')0  miles  farther,  until   1 


lied    in    the   aC'riiiative.       In  the  valhvs  iiiav  he     re; 


tl 


le  camp  o 


f  the  I'liited  States  Hoiindarv  Com- 


irked  a  great  h'rtilily  of  ;aiil 


pnipi 


■r  to  the  culliva-     niissioiiers.  in  long.   1  I'.'"  •'". 


tiuu  of  harh'v.  oats,  a  |H.'culiar  kind  of  Indian  corn  that         The  following  imrrative.  tin  scene  of  win 


h  is  la 


ripens  ill   eight  weeks,  called    Maiidai 


1    I  urn.  ai 


il  not.'i 


tlii^  \  icini 


ty,  will  give  a  gimd   idea  of  the  nature  of  the 


toen. 


Nothing  is  more  nuuriahing  to  cuttle  uiul  slieeli  j  cuuutry  ou  the  Uuitcd  States  side 


MO 


ALL  ROUND  TUB  WORLD. 


"I    ll.ivr    MCTti    till'   |plillll>  iili    liir    Ni'    niM-a    llinll'l'    nil 

nspcc'tii,  wliiii  till'  f.|iriiiL,'  Mill  WHS  iliiiwiiij;  iiiit  iiiiilii>ii> 
III'  liurli  iiiiiHiii;  till'  lii'ilis  mill  J,'|■:l^■'.  wlii'ii  till-  Imt 
Hlllllllll'l'  llll'l  llllt'nilll'll   tllclll,  mill   |inliri'i|  lllll   nil  snilsot' 

piriji' piM  I'liloiii's  ipmt  thi'iii,  mill  w  Inn  tlir  miliiinii 
wiiiil  nttli'il  tlii'ir  fi|ir  ra|iiiilrs  iiml  ImiiI  duwii  llirir 
willii'ii'il  stiilkn;  iimi  I  liiivr  Mi'i'ii  lliclii,  tiMi,  ulii'ii 
winter  Iium  s|iri'iiil  \t*  wliitr  mIii'hihI  hVit  tin-  liiiriit 
wilili'iiii'SM,  mill  till'  Hiiiiw  >liiriii  in  all  its  IcrrnrH  wiin 
liowliii;;  nvrr  it. 

"  It  WHS  lute  ill   till'   iiiilii t'    lS"il   lliiit    I  liiiil  t.i 

n-tiirti,  ill  ri.iii|iiiiiv  iirmily  iiii"|»'iMm,  acripss  till'  jjiirkv 
Miimitmiis  til  till'  Missimii.  W  Inn  we  jj.it  nriir  tin' 
Ni'liriisni.  cir  Flat  Itivir,  ami  iiiiiili'  niir  way  i1iiiiiil;Ii 
lii'nls  iif  liiiiraliir^i,  till'  liiiliaiis  lii'u'an  tn  piny  lis  many 
ni;lv  tiirks,  trasini;  ami  mliliini,'  iis,  ami,  what  was 
wiifsi',  killiii);  mil'  uf  mir  limsi's  with  a  liniuiis  hlnw  ut' 
a  tuiiiali.iwk:  thi'  lnail  that  hail  lii'i'li  lanii'il  liy  timr 
••triinf,'  hnrsi's  imw  till  ii|i'in  thrri.' — that  is,  on  two 
liiirst'5  mill  a  miilr.  wliirli  lii'ialiie  si(  wcakriii'il  liy 
M'anty  I'mlili'i'  that  tlii'V  rniiM  lial-iUy  krr|i  ii|i  at  all. 

"  \V\'  I'liiiM  II  iw  s('i)  that  the  first  siinw  stin'in  wmilil 
iIc|invo  iHot'thi'iu,  anil  cxpiwi'  iis  tn  the  ri.^k  ot  >;ri  at 
Nii.scry;  ami  sn,  Hiiri'  i'iiiiiif,'li,  it  ha|i|ii'iu'<l.  NVe 
iliiil^t'il  iiiirsrlvi's  |iaiiiriilly  almij;  until  we  raiiic  to 
Sillily  Hill  Cn  I'k,  «ln'ii'  it  falls  into  the  lii^'  liliii', 
mIii'Ii  an  ii'V  Uih'  spraiij,'  up  I'loiii  the  north,  hiirieil  ns 
iiliiin?.t  ill  snow,  ami  killeil  oiii-  last  Imisi'.  We  hail  a 
small  lii'lian  tent,  that  we  h.iil  Iminjlit  Iimiii  .i  t'lir- 
Ininter  at  Kort  Laiaiiiie,  Mime  liail  ImtDilo  nn'at  .Miiiie 
riie  ami  Imliaii  eorii  :  with  this  IimhI  we  liiil  p  is.seil  a 
(ew  ilays  in  a  iiiost  niiserahle  in. inner,  w  hen  '/le  |MiMt 
I'oiMini,'  I'loin  Fort  Ki'.irney  to  tin-  Flat  lliver  passeil, 
ami  iilleied  to  make  rooiii  for  one  of  ii.s  in  a  little 
M'liiele  iliawn  hy  si.x  innles  whilst  the  other  slimilil 
•-tay  in  the  tent  with  the  ijooils,  anil  j;et  mi  as  well  as 
he  eoulil  until  the  other  slioillil  semi  liorses  I'lom  the 
Catholii'  .Mis-ion.  whieli  the  post  wmihl  have  to  pas,s, 
ami  wliieli  lies  alimit  eii,'lity  or  a  Inimlred  miles  Ironi 
Saiiily  Mill  Creik.  We  drew  lots,  and  the  lot  fell 
upon  1110  to  he  lel't  lii'hind  in  this  desolate  Hilderness, 
with  no  iitlier  I'mnpany  tli.in  tli.it  of  wolve.s,  who. 
iir^ieii  hy  liiiiii;er,  wmild  eoine  loiiiid  me,  I  thoii^;ht,  in 
L'liater  niiiiilii'i>  every  il.iy,  and  perhap-.  when  I  h.nl 
i'l'own  too  weak  to  oiler  ie>istalii'e.  fall  upon  iiie  and 
devour  iiie  and  my  leathern  tent  top'ther, 

"When  the  little  emiveyaiiee  eontainin;;  the  only 
hiitnaii  liiiiii;  existiiiL,',  us  far  as  I  knew,  for  Ininrliid^ 
of  miles  round,  disappiared  at  List  over  lln'  wide 
«hite  waste,  my  lir-t  liiisine^s  was  to  see  that  my 
weapons  Were  in  ;,'ood  order,  and  lay  them  as  ready  to 
hand  a.^  I  could  in  my  small  tent.  I  had  plenty  of 
alius,  a  il'iiihle  and  siiif^de  rille,  a  doiihle-liari.  !!■  ! 
fowlini;  piece,  four  pistols,  and  a  six-slmt  revolver, 
lesides  a  lore.,'  knife  and  a  heavy  nve  ;  and  with  these 
murderous  instruments  I  tlion<.'lit  I  cmild  maintain  my 
post  a;,'aiiist  u  t'ood  many  savaifes.  should  any  such 
undressed  visitur.s  pri'seiit  themselves  Heiiii;,  to  a 
certain  e.\tent,  satislied  mi  this  point,  I  now  s,  to 
Work  to  defend  inyvilf  airainst  the  iiieieasiiii;  ■  ild  and 
the  drit'tin<{  simw,  which  manai;eil  to  tind  its  way  into 
the  iniiuitest  openiiios  In  the  tent  leather.  [  liad  in  no 
loni;  time  raised  a  «. ill  of  lirmly  stamped  snow  rmind 
my  extempore  dwellinL;.  and  fiom  the  le  i;;hlimirin}^ 
river  dia:,'ircil  a  ijuantily  of  wood,  which  I  pihil  up 
hefiire  my  low  door.  A  .slmllow  in  the  ground  heloie 
my  hed  of  hlankits  and  hiifliilo  hides  served  ut  the 
sunie  time  as  .1  kinp  place  and  11  stove. 


"  I    ealeiilated    that    in    fourteen   dilVH,  at    fiirtiieMt,    I 

niiulll  liHik  lor  Inlp  fl llle    Misiimi.  imd    I    therefnro 

divided  niy  I'llllalo meat,  rice Il'ee,  Ac  ,  inlo  foui'tei'li 

days'  rations.  .Mter  liiivin;,'  made,  in  this  way.  what 
prep.iiations  I  could,  I  crept  into  my  lihinki  ts  and 
liiiiralo  skin,  and  niaiiaued,  i.s  I  lay,  to  stir  my  lire  nnd 
p't  my  siaiily  meat  ready,  and  then  prepared  for  my 
111X1  niu'lit  alone  in  the  ^leat  wilderness, 

"With  any  liiiiiiaii  creature  near,  were  it  luit  11 
child.  Mill  Would  ii'it  fei  I  so  wholly  forsaken,  and  there 
i~   comfoit   ill   licarin;;  a   human    Miiee,   wcie   it  only  it 

Mill f  complaint       I    was    ne\er    so    lor,  ilily  struck 

with  this  truth  liefoie  this  eveniii;;  I  tried  talkiiu;  to 
niysell,  liiit  that  diii  not  iin-wci  :  Miurown  Miice,  smiie- 
liow,  makes  you  shiiddcr  when  it  reaches  no  other  car. 
When  the  Siin  set  liehiiid  inas.si  s  of  siiow  cloniU.  and 
"hilst  its  last  rays  «ere  still  liniieiinj,'  mi  the  dreary 
siiowy  wa.ste.  11  concert  lirn.iii  which  I  li.id  heard  hefme, 
hut  never  so  little  to  my  lisle.  .\  trmipe  of  prairie 
Wolves  hi'oke  out  into  a  Imidliowl.  and  to  their  Imij; 
drawn  tielile  was  soon  drawn  the  deep  liass  of  the 
large  yray  and  white  wolf  The  wild  music  was  liiislied 
sometiiiies  for  a  lew  111  iiiitcs.  and  then  11  solo  perforini'r 
Would  l>e;.'in,  and  make  his  clear  pit  reiii<.'  tines  henril 
from  afar  ;  then  a'^'ain  the  full  clioins  would  luirst  in, 
the  wind  carr\iii,'  the  sound  far  over  the  di'sert.  In 
the  i.ivine  where  the  iioises  had  lalh  n.  and  wlieie 
nothing  w.is  now  to  lie  .seen  of  them  lull  their  jiolisheil 
lioiies  mid  tlie  iron  rings  of  tlii'ir  haim  ss,  a  tierce  emi 
test  arose,  and  hy  the  shrill  sounds  of  Imneiitations,  I 
giic~s,d  the    little    prairie    wohes   had    the   worst  of  it, 

and  li.id  I n  oliligid  to  decamp.      1  tried  tor  limirs  to- 

!,'ethi'r  to  make  out.  hy  their  v  ices,  the  niinilier  of  the 
aiiiinals    as-i  iiil'leil     in     the    lavilie.    hut     I     cmihl    not 

sill III.       It  wns  a  111  lancliiily  oecnpalioii,  liiit  it  hi 'peil 

nil'  to  get  thiough  till'  hours  of  the  Mack  sloriii\  i.iglit 
.\t  li.-t  I  fell  a-lei'p  frmii  exliansl ion.  nnd  wa- iiwiikeiii d 
hy  liiiiii.'er  when  the  mil  stood  l,ii;h  in  the  lieaveiis. 
One  niu'lit  is  got  thrmiiili,  I  thmighl.  as  I  cut  a  1  otch 
ill  one  lit  the  tent  poles  :  w  hen  the  I'onileeii  are  oxer,  the 
people  will  lie  here.  It  \sas  mi  the  lUtli  or  \!^l\\  of 
Novemlicr,  and  1  reckoned  that  hy  the  (  hrislmas  Day 
I  might  ho  s:ife  at  the  Mission.  ]  had  no  idea  Imw 
far  1  was  out  in  my  reckoning.  Tlie  day  ]iiisseil  slowly 
and  diearily;  1  diagycd  up  as  niueli  wood  and  water 
to  my  lent  as  I  reipiiied.  Imt  I  remarked,  to  my  terror, 
that  my  feet  felt  weak  and  lame,  so  that  I  stagfjereil  as 
I  w.'dkcd  like  a  druiiki  n  man. 

"1  was  sitting  in  a  very  dull  n d  hel'me  my  tent  ; 

hut  as  [  was  hiiiioiy,  walehini;  very  eagerly  the 
liiilililim.'  up  and  down  of  I  he  niai/i'  in  my  lioiliiig 
kettle,  pulling  aw.iv  the  while  at  my  little  Jiijie,  which 
I  had  tilled  with  willow  leaves,  when  I  saw  muim' 
I'.orsemen  appioMchim;  Inun  1  he  north,  dri\ ing  liiden 
horses  heliirc  them.  I'eing  prepared  for  all  ehancoK.  I 
waited  ipiietly  till  they  came  nearer,  ami  then  1  saw 
they  were  Indi.iiis,  returning  from  I  heir  heaver  hunt 
to  their  .settlement  on  the  Kansas,  and  I  knew  I  had 
nothing  to  tear  from  them.  When  they  had  come 
within  gun  shot,  one  of  them  hegan  speakini.'  to  me  in 
F.nglish,  iiid  lelieMiig  iiie  fnuii  every  leeling  of  distrust 
hy  dechiriiig  himself  a  I'elawnre.  lie  was  soon  sitting 
hy  my  side  in  my  tent,  whilst  his  two  emnpanimis,  a 
couple  of  wild  looking  fellows,  m.'tile  themselves  eoni- 
foitalile  outside  l/mg  and  earnestly  did  he  persuade 
me  to  leave  my  own  and  my  emiipanioiis'  goods  to  take 
thi'ir  chance  with  the  Indians  and  the  wolves,  and  go 
with    him    to    his    wigwam    on    tin-    Missouri.       '  Tbo 


PROM   THE   ATLANTIC  TO   THE  PACIFIC. 


sei 


my  tent  ; 
:i>;irly    tlu' 

ly  biiilinj; 
ijic,  wliiili 

MIW      Mlllir 

liii^'  laili'ii 
■Imlirt'S,  I 
■11  I  saw 
■iivcv  liuiil 
ii'W  I  li;i<l 
liiid   ciilin- 

til  liir  ill 
it'  (listrnst 
Mill  sitting 
laiiioiis,  11 
Ives   ciiTii- 

IK'i'Niiiiile 
Ills  to  take 

[■S,    Mild   ffO 

'Tbo 


I 


wiilvrs,'  lie  Hiiil,  •  will  ill  iw  nearer  and  nfurcr,  and  '  witlmiit  having  rornu'd  any  di»tliict  rcsolntinn,  nr  will 

will  liavc  ymi   im  lol   day  or  ni^dil  ;  and    it'  lln'  wan  kiinuini,'  wliat  I  did,  i  put  llit>  laudaiiuni  Imlllr  In  my 

di'l'lnu  I'awhri'^i    liiid    yiiii    mil    tiny  will  |iliindir   ym,  li|i.,    aiid    alimiKt    i'lii|illid    ii  ;   mihii    nl'lrr  I  tell    into  a 

and  Milii  ycai  a>  wrll,"      [    dirliiiril    lilt  nllii',  and  ni-  dri>|i  kind  nt  t«i«iii,  sn  t  Iml   I  \\a«  no  Innjii  r  in  i  Ohilile 

dravoiu'i'd  to  I'liliviiu'i'    liilii  tliat    witliin  Iao  wiikn,    at  inch  to  dlcalliK.       ilow  |iiii;{  I   liail  laiil    in    tlillt  .■<tati'  I 

iiin-l.  |ico|ilr  wiiiild  coiiii' to  my  a»>i>taiic  r  willi  liiiiM>,  nuild  not    till,  Init   wiirii    I    iiwoki'   it    was  [uti  li  dark, 

and  tliat  tlirii  I  .-In  HI  Id  in  it  only  Im  aliln  to  mw  all  my  and  my  tint  |io|n  wiik  sliakin  liy  a  ^aln  tlial  out  lii>\t  led 

il I",   of   wlijrli    only   tin'  Miiiallnft    |iai-t    liilon:;cd   to  ilm  wuImi..      I  was   tiiniMiiticI   liy  n  Imrniiin  lliiisi   hh 

lii\-ill;   liiit    uNo    to    u'l't  soiiin   ■.nil    ol'  loiiM'yain  n    tn  «ill  as  Inn  ;,'ii ,  and  lia\  iiij;  iliMovfii  cl  a  liw    ^limniiT- 

|Kiloini    tin'  joiirin'y.    llial    I  I'laicd   would   Im   in  my  im:  >|iaiks  In  inalli   'In'   a.-ln  s  ol   my  tiir,   nnlriMil  to 

|iri'-i'iit  siatn  alniosi  ii.i|iiis>ilili'  I'oi'  mi'  to  make  on  toot,  Idnw  tin  in  into  a  llanii'  and  In  i|nriir|i  my  lliiist   w  itli 

or  nil  Imi-'mliirk.  wiun'     lialt  iiit  Itnl     snow.       Winn    tin'    tliiisl    was   a 

'•'Villi  will    i{i  t    no    In  l|i    liniri  tin'  « liiti's,'  said   tlm  littlr   a|i|H'aMcl,    llm    Inmyrl'    lir;;iin    to    lir    IiniU'    im- 

Iniiii'st   jlrlaw.'iri'  ;   '  liad  lnii'.-.i's  I'oiild  iml   );i't  lliii-.  lar,  |ioi'tiinati'.  and   in  a  kind   ol'  tiny   I  sii/rd  miIiic  of  tlio 

audi: 1  liiii-ti"<,  and   tlnir     >mi    lixcs  into  tlic  liai;,'ain,  law,    tro/.in,    l.iillalci  im  at,  and   lir>;aii    to   j^iiiiw   at   it. 

till'  wliilct  III   till'  .Mi—ioii  woiild    nut    M'litiiii'  I'll    till'  It  laslid  dilii  imi-ly  ;  lit  d,  w  itliniit  any  tln.njjlit  or  i  aio 

sakn  III' a  man  tli  it,  I'loiii  what  ymir  I'niiiradi'  will  lia\i'  I'm'  tlm  t'litnir.   I   linn  Innslid  picii'  nrttr  pitir  omt  tlio 

told  ilmiii,  tiny   »ill  liavn  '.^Im'Ii    ii|i   for   Inst,      iliil    I  liir,    and    iniiMnnid    at    Inist    tliiicdays   rations.      I'.v 

M'l"  a  wnrd  I'rniii  a  while  is  iiinic  to  ymi  tli.ili  tlm  Wnid  tlm   nmriiili^     I     felt    luitrr  :     imhrd,     tlii'     Ici  linu'    of 

and  di'cd  of  a  icdskin.      You    hive  ihn  i  hniii'.      .Miy  r.vlrinm   illiii  ss  Kcmcd  i  iind  it  omr,  lis   if  l.y  iiinjric 

ynii  not  d' TiiM'   yniirsill'.'      I    iiiisislid   in    my  rcsnlu.  I.ili.'.  cvin  on  ihrse  iiiinlitinn.s,  .i-i  i  iin  d  once  nmic  swi  ct  ; 

tioli,  thniiiih  I  afii'iuaiils   liittrrly  rcimliti'd   nf  h.n  in;;  and  Inanin;;  on  my  lillr,  1  toltiiid  out  ol   \n\  tint  i  ml 

dnim  so.      At    pai'liiiL.',  I  In'    Indian    n^ivi'  iim   tin'  li;;  of  ^andiiid  a  liltli' almllt.      ']  Im  rxt'irist'  )ii<d  a  I  tin  luial 

an  anli'lo|ic,  as  an  addilinli  to  my  small  stuck  nf  prnNi-  •  lli  rt.  and  in  a  l'i'«    days    I    was  iililn  to  ;;i  I  to  iln'  to|i 

siniis.    |iri'ssi'd    my    hand,   and,    wilhout    mire   limkin'.;  nfalnw  hill,  innl  Innk  round  on   tlie  ilirolati!  ]>ii  .s|<i  it. 

tow. lids    my    tclil.    |iiirsiii'd    his   jniinn'y     toManl-    llm  In  s|iili'  of  .-ralily  Inml,  mid  liald.-lii|is  I  had  li    iialuii', 

south,  and  1  was  oin'i'  uniri'  al'iiii'.  my  striii;;lli  inntiniird  lo  iin'irn.-r  ;   lait,  iinli  ilnniilrly, 

•  I  dii  not  think  it  Would  111' |iossilili' for  mo  to  ilcscriln'  my   small    simk   of  fond   liicnasid  in    the  siiii.c  |iio- 

llm  siitlirini;- nf  till' imxt    I'ii^ht  da\s.       I    w.is  .sn  laiiic  |inrtinn,    and    it    was   al  snluti  l\    nric.ssiiry   In  think  of 

th.it    I    had  to  crawl   mi    my  liiimls  ami    kmcs   to  the  '  some  method  of  re|ilen-slinij,'  it.  Inr  it  would  have  laeii 

w.itrr  and  hack  to  the  tent  ;   my  head   seeineil  to  svliirl  madness  now  to  have  to  lely   in  lio|  es  ol   sinioiil-  Inni 

like    that    of  II    ilninkrii    man,    and    my    memory    was  the   .Mission.       I    liyaii    to   ti.niiliai  ise  ni\M  If  w  illi  the 

ijillte    failing    me,     I     lielieved     in    coiisei|iieln'e   of  the  tllolli.'lit    that    I   mi^ht    have    to    |.a-.s   the    whole  winter 

severe  cold.     Snow  stmiiis   liowled   around  the  dre.irv  ion   this   s]Kit,    and   1    eahiilated   that    e\en    tiom    my 

Mi'|i|ie.  thieateiiiii;;  to  liiirv   me  and  my  tent  tni,'etlier  ;  j  enemies,    the    wohes,    I    inifiht  levy  trilaile  enoiigli  to 

I  ill  I  not   iiinv  line  tn  cliis"   mv  eyes  at  iiinht,  tin    fear  keeji  myself  fmiii  .stai  vatimi. 

of  the  Wolves,   for  liiiiii;i'r  had  rendered   theiii  holder,  i       "  llniijier  soon  <lri\t  s  out  l'eelinj;s  of  dis;.iist,  nnd  it 

and  they   wero  eoiiiiii';  neari'i' and  ne.iier  to  me.     The  co.st  me   no   ithat  ot    Mlf-eontml  wlan  J  iittaiktd,  lor 

•.'icil  white  ones  es]iecially  wen- eoiitiniially  deserihiii;;  the  tir.st   time,   the  thin,    dry,  i,iii);li,  ^nll^^\  Ih.^h,  and 

1  inles  round  my  dwellini;,  howliniidisiiially  the  while;  yiiawed  till  I   wa.s  tired  lit  what  strmi^l^  lesi  iiihled  the 

I  heard  tin;   snow   ereakin;,'  under   llnir    leet    as    I  lay  sole  of  a  shoe. 

Ii>tiiiiii>;  to  every  soiiinl  ;  and  at  la~t,  t  one  iiijiht  saw  '  W  Inn    1  had  linished   this    remaikahic   n'al.   and 

tlm  teeth  of  one  of  ihi'iii  111;, ke  their  .iii|iear.iiice  thronnh  liked   if,    too.  for    as   I     had   powder   and  flml   ni   llm 

the    tent  leather.       1    tired    my    leMilver   at    raiiiloia  :.'ieatest  aliiindanee,  ]  mi;;ht  also  consider  that    I    had 

thrmi^ili  the  thin  wall  into   llm  darkness.  Mini  tlm  tierce  a  wed  tilled   laiilcr.       I  only  laeded,  al  sunrise,  to  lilt  a 

lirulcs  tied  in  terror,  liiil  it  was  only  to  return  in  a  few  \eiy  little  the  iiirlain   that   com  red  the  n]ieiiin;,' o|  my 

limiis  to  renew  the  atlack.  tent,  sn  as  to  pet  a  view    nl  the  iiank  of  the  small  river, 

"|)iliiii^    the   daytime   these   crealilirs    were   not  so  and    I     was    sine,    1  elme    Inn;.',    to  have  .some  heast  or 

dariii;;,  for  they  dread   the  lii^lit.  and  then  I  veniiired  other  cniiie   .nid    jilace   himself  sn   that    I  could  .send  a 

tn  tike  a  little  rest.       Hut  what    kind   of   rest   was   it  (  liuUct  thlon^h    his    In  ad.      I  lievi  r  took  more  than  the 
Ammi;;   the   various   pri>|ierties  that    ni.ide  a   kind  of     Inst  part  of  any   wolf   1    liad   killed,  lail    hy   the  next 

eh. ins  rniiiid    me  in    my    nairnvv   dwellin;;,    I   had  dis-  innrnini;    there   was  iie\ei-  inme  ol   it    h  ft  than  a   few 
cnvered  a  linltle    at'  laudanum,   which,    with   a   ease  of     sealtend    hmns— a    tint    that    eoiiv  iintd  ii  e  olvvhat   I 

i|iiiiiine,  Inriucd  niir  travellinj;   medicine-cliest  ;  and  in  did    imt    hefnre    lelieve,    that    these    eieatiiiis    devour 

the  III  iriiinj:.  al'ti  r   my   scanty  meal,   I  ii^ed    to   indiili'e  their  own  enmrade^ 


mvscll  with  a 
nf 


111  dose,  and    liy    that    means  olitaiimd 


•Slowly  .•iinl  iliiiiiily  my  days  passed,  and  still  more 


I  sleep   ot   several   hours,      (lay,    pleiisaiit  ilnanes,  then     slowly 


the    iii:;hls;   Imt    I 


l.y     d, 


rrees.    tt 


surrounded  me  in  my  dreams  ;   ]  felt  neither  cold    nor  extend  my  walk  a  little  fin  tin  r,  and  n  oieover,  I  could 

pain.     I  was  iinconscioiis  and  happy  ;  Imt  on  awakini;,  whistle  and  even  sinu'.  which  I  exerted  myself  to  do  to 

the    ^uini    reality    ai;,iiii    jirescnted    itself    in    all    its  kii  )i  up  my  spirits,  and  al.so  to  keep  my  lii.iins  steady, 

terroi's.  fm   I  must  own  1  occasionally    eaiinht   ilieiii  iit  strange 

■•  Nine  days  I    had   passed    in  this  niaiiner,  and   cut  tricks,  and  made  me  tear  I  was  goin;;i.iit  of  my  .senses, 

nine  notches  in  my  tent  pole  to  mark  them  ;  hut  when  I  had  still   only  cut  the  sixteenth   iintih  in  my  jmle, 

day,  after  a   scanty   meal,  1  ]iiit   my  luilliilo 


I  awakened  on   the   tenth,    I    felt   that  mv  liinlis 


Were     wimn  oin 


slilli'iied  and   |)ovver 


Usual 


111  I  eould  no   loiiyer  I'ct  in     lolie  around  me,  took   mv  rille  under  mv  i 


id  set 


if   Wood   and    water.      My  tlinu;,'lits     mil  on  mv   old   wav   to    the    liei<;lilioiii  iiii;  hill.      Fresh 


vere  overpowering  and  ulnmiiy  ;  1  emiipletely  despaired     slinw  had  filleli  during,'   the   I 


ii'dit,    e 


inijiletcly  etlacinp 


if  ever  being  re.seued   Irmii   my   terrible  bituatioii,  mid  ,  the  tracks  1    had   previously   made,  and   1   was  slow 


FTT 


;!rt2 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WuliLD. 


iilll 


Hoiking'  my  >i.iy  In  iln'  l"]>.  >"  lli.it  \>\  llu"  linir  1 
ri'tii'liril  it  ilic  ^llll  WMs  ili'i'liiiiii^'.  .iiici  si'iiilim;  .shiiiliii,' 
r-iv>i  ovi-i-  till'  li.i;iiiill<'ss  wliili'  pl.iiii  ;  iiiit  a  lir  :i(li  ot' 
:iii  tt:i>  >liiTiiiu'.  ••"•■l  I  I'flt  w.iriii  ill  till'  sli:i,'v;y  1miiI!i1i> 
liiili'.  ill. mull  my  liniilli  was  t'luzni  in  diops  like  [nmiIs 
on  ill!'  il.i.-k  WiMil  that  surrmiaili'il  my  (:w<\ 

••."■laiiiiiii^iiiitlii'  l.i|iiil'llic  liill  I  li.iiki'ii  rniiiiil  ;us  Msiial 
.Ml  all  >iili'^.  ami  |ii<'sciilly  ilisi'nvi'i-fil,  to  my  :;i'i'at  ti'n-.ir. 
tuo  liiiiii.iii  tonus,  wiiii  1,,  llioiii,'li  tliry  wen-  siill  a  l.m:,' 
A.iv  (ill",  srriiii'il  Id  1.i>  a|i|in':i.liii,','  my  i'am|i  tVoiii  llii> 
iii.rtli.  I  say  to  my  tiiror.  for.  iiuli'iiomloiitly  ot'a  kin. I 
.1'  sa\ai;c'  ^livnrss  I  liaii  I'onlraclrcl,  lln-y  ramo  tVoiii  a 
rri;ioii  in  wliicli  I  lii'licvi'.l  tliiic  wcri' noni' Imt  tliii\isli 
rawniTs  I  r.ni.-i(l>'rtil  that  if  iliry  were  I'awniM's,  it 
w.Hihl  ih.l  I'O  well  thai  llioy  slioiihl  timl  mr  iiii|iri'|iarc.l 
in  mv  li'iii  I  shoiilil  ilo  lii'ttrr  to  aw.iit  thom  in  i" 
o|ii'i.  ail'  ami  trv  ami  liml  oiii  tlioir  ili»|io^iiion  a  I 
iiiti'iil'  'IS,  so  that  1  mii,'lit  in  tin  'vorsi- casi' si  II  my 
scalp  as  .liailv  as  poMsilih'.  I  rn  konril  I  had  iirai  l\ 
Mil  ii.iiii-  t.i  niiko  my  |vr<'|>ai.i(ioTi  liir  it,  hut  win  n  lli.y 
ha.l  oiKi' re  u  lii'<l  a  point  whoii.'o  thoy  I'oiihl  ovi'rh.ok 
mv  small  tii'iil.iry,  it  woiihl  ho  loo  late  to  witlnlriM 
nivsi'lf  iVom  tlii'ir  sharp  lyi's.  I,  tlirn'torc,  hasii'ii..! 
hai  k  to  my  tout,  aniicil  my^i'lf  with  as  many  wcap.ni^ 
.IS  I  I'onhl  lai-ry.aml  hi  I  llif  ii'inaiii'li'i- iin.li'r  tin'  In' I, 
.iftcr  takinir  out  tin'  p.ri'iission  caps  ;  1  then  put  a  "  I 
i|iianliiv  of  «oimI  on  tin'  i,'liiiiiiii'i'ini;  liro,  .so  thai  i 
."liimn  of  siiiokr  mijiht  risi'  thr.'ii^h  tin'  iiponiiig  .il 
till'  lop  of  tho  ti'iit,  .ami  wlu'ii  I  h-l't  il,  look  care  t.i 
«.dk  hai'kwanls  ami  h'avo  till' opi'iiiiii;  fisti'iiod,  so  as 
to  appv' II' as  if  il  wii'o  dono  fr.aii  iho  iiisi.li",  and  thit 
till'  I'awiiii^  mi^hl  siip|Nisi'  tlio  ori'ii|>alit  lo  ho  uiilnii 
.iii'l  ri-iiiiLt  '  y  his  tin'. 

"."sandy  llili  Cii'rk  was  only  .-ilioiit  i.">i>  pa.i's  tVom 
lhi>  trill,  .'iiid  th  W'.'.l  in  a  siinii  ii'.'iilaf  diii'.ti.'ii  loiind 
it;  il  hill  liii.;li  h.iiiks.  oM'i'irr.iwn  wiili  ^hnilis  and 
Imshi's  ;  ihillnT,  tli  ii'tiirc,  I  dii'i'i'ti'd  my  >li'ps  |,i  srok 
a  hi.liii;.'  plan'.  I  |.l,uri|  my  li'i't  r.iri'|i|ll\  amirxai'tly 
ill  till' trail's  that  I  had  hl'l  «hi'ii  I  wriii  lo  ti'trli 
wairrinthc  morniii','.  and  lhi'<r  h'.l  nio  to  a  ion  iiiii'iil 
[ilari' on  till'  >ni....!li.  yla.ssy  vm-faio  of  tin'  i.-o.  Iimiii 
•sliih  till'  iiii'hily  ^.ih'  had  swrp..  all  tin'  snow,  and 
diili.  '  il  to  thi'  hiijh  hank.  When  I  y't  upon  tho 
i.e.  I  puUi'ii  oil'  what  rrniaiiis  of  sh.H-^  1  i::>  '  on. 
that,  till'  n.iils  in  thi'iii  sh.inl.l  not  hi-iray  mo  l.\  any 
s.Tal.  h  ;  aii'l  lli'.i.lili'.;  sofli\,  ,iiii|  iMLiwim;  tho  wind 
iiiL'- "f  till'  stii'iin  l.ir  soini'  liini"  to  ilimiiiisli,  us  fai' 
as  p.i^-il.a'.  till'  .li-'.uiii'  lii'tvM'i'ii  mo  and  tin-  tent, 
aii.l  y'  all. .A  im'  M  ~i'i'  t'i'oiii  |h''  nlhi'l'  sidi"  what 
w.is  ^..iii:.'   .111.     I    ritwii'd    lip   tho   'i.iliks   lii'lwi'oli    tin' 

.snow  i|ii:i>,   and   p'a I   luy^ill'   on   the  id:,'!',   so   iliat 

I  roilhl  look  llnoii'^di  till'  proji'i'tiiii;  t wii;s  ,ini|  st.iik^. 
and  ui't  It  I'li'ar  \  iew  wilh.'iil  oi-iiii;  hiiidiiid  i'l 
ihi-   iisi'  iif  m\    wi'.ip.ins,        l.oiii;    I    lay    aid     islriu'l. 

l.lll     till.    t'.  \i  1'     ..f     r\p.  ,1   ilimi      pI'i'Vl'llti'il     lll\      fl'    Ill'L' 

I'.i'.l.   I  \i'.|.l    ...      hand    ihiil    lay   on    tho    l>,-(i'|-.'l    of  iin 
Mill'  «,!'-    al' •■  .-I     ho/I'll    I..    11.        .\l     ':.-!     iho     hoad-    ..f 
till'  Iw.i   li:;iiiis    I    had    iiotiii'd,   I'om'  iiliovi'  ill.-  mis;!! 
!   iiiiiiii.'  lull,  and   in  u  ti'W  spi'onds  tliov   sIoimI    on  il^ 
Miinniit.  .mil  n  inainiil  s  >ii;i'  time  |ook;.ii;iil  my  li'iii.ind 
talk  iiiu' wl!h  olio  alio' In-r    I  followed  wil  I.  mv  ryos  ihii 
sliidili-i  )ji  stnio.  and  i  ■•oiild  imi  hi'lpa  shiMi' niiiniiii; 
lliioii;:h     nil,    hIhii     I     s.isv     ihrni     throw     I,;,  k    llnir 
liillhilo  skill,  .Iraw   ihi  11-  lull   ipiivefs   U'l'iiro  ihoin,  and 
utriiio  ihi'ir  lio«  ..      Imiii    inli'iilioiis,   tlii'ii'lori',    «iii' 
mi  loiiLU'r  doiilitliil  ;    a;i  1     I     s;,«    «||..||    j    ,,  ,,1    i,,   ,.\ 
pi'i't    it    I  hoy    -hi. 111. 1    ..r,.|    t|„.   I,,., I    ,,(•    il         !    „:,.,    j,,.,. 
pall. I,  h. . MI-MI,    ami    I    hii.  w    thai    if  iIhv    on.'i-   i-iiii. 


Hiiliin  1  om;i'  of  my  rillo,  their  liyes  were  mine;  T 
eoiilil  ii't  let  tlii'in  I'sea)"',  for  if  1  h.iil,  I  should  to  a 
leri.iinlN  li;i\e  ha. I  tlieiii  liaek  in  a  lew  days  v\iih  a 
whole  tro.ip  of  iheir  ■'oiiipanioiis.  The  luo  Imhaiis 
'  soon  sepaiaied,  and     ii.ikini;  s.nne  si:,'ns    to   cinli  other, 

one    proe led    to   tho    hill    wlieiiee    I     had    tirst    eiiliyhl 

.-i'.dit  of  tliein,  iiiid  lii'i;aii  to  I'vamine  the  track  I  i.id 
III  i.le.  whi.h  went  straiuhl  to  the  tent  ;  whilst  the 
oilur,     with     lii^    eye-    tixeil     on     ih"    i;ioiiiMk    made  a 

liii'le    roiliid   il.         Ill'    I'vanii I     with    L;ieal    .are    the 

ti'.i.ks  III  the  water,  lull  appeared  -alisli.  ,1  when  he 
li.cl  eoii\inceil  hinis.'lf  that  the  i.no  lin.  of  toot.-lep^ 
lav    '.I,  .ind    the  oiher    troiii,  the    ice.       !I.     liiii  noise 

lessly  ilppro:..'hi'il  his   i rade,     who,    wiih  hi-    liow    in 

his  left  li.iiid  iili'i  an  iir.'W  in  los  rif.!lil.,  was  stand 
in;;  lielore  the  opelll'.^  of  the  u'lil  ;  no  word  |iii,s.seil 
lielweell  tlieni,  lint  the  l.ist  eoiner  raised  hi.  liiipr. 
and  put  his  hind  i  n  hi-  i  I 'ek,  and  Ills  head  a  little 
on  one  side  -I  -iipp..-.  '.i  signify  sleep—  he  tlii'Il 
pointed  to  the  risiin;  -moKe,  plai  id  his  how  l«f,in'  him 
oil  the  oi'iaiiid,  gtnd  lakiiii,'  the  arrow  hitweeii  his 
lei'lli,  ma.le  with  his  li.inds  the  nio'.ion  nl  shoolinir, 
iflei  which  he  took  up  his  how  ajLCaiii.  ami  the  two 
litted  their  arrow,.  li.nl  1  I  ceii  in  the  tent  nothing 
c.Kilil  h.i'e  -a\cil  me:  I  niiilei'stoo.l  their  eislnics 
lull  too  Hell.  'Here  li\e-  a  111.11  ;  he  is  l\  ilio  hy 
llie  lire  a.^h  ep  ;  a  tew  .iriows  will  secure  this  rich 
liooty  ; '  tlii'-e  were  :•  .-iiiedly  llnir  thonyhts.  and 
thi'N  now  placed  iheiii-i  l\cs  .so  ihiit  their  arrows,  shot 
in  ipiick  siicces-inii,  should  meet  at  rif^lit  angles  at  the 
empty     sleepin::  place  'I'lie    lilood     seemed     to    stand 

still  in  my  \eiii-.  tlioiio)i  I  could  hear  my  hean  hial 
...H  I  -aw  I  hem  sh.iiii  |,.iir  -.r  liM'  arrows  one  allcr  am 
llier  into  the  tciil,  .in. I  al  that  nionieiil  I  made  the 
ilisciivery  how  di  ir  life  i-  m  i  man  e\cn  in  the  most 
dreary  and  discoiiMilali'  i  iienmsl.inces  Nolhiiii,' si  irii  (I 
lieiiiii'l  the  thin  Icithern  walls,  and  tin'  Imliaiis,  allM' 
li-leiiiiii;  for  awhile,  rantionsly  approached  tin  i  ni 
tained  opeiiiii;;.  line  then  laid  his  how  aside,  aial, 
si'i/iii:;  his  tomahawk,  knell  down,  whilst  the  other, 
wiih  his  ..iirow  I'll  the  siriiii;.  sloml  in  iiadini>sto 
-I1....I  .\t  this  iiiomeni  the  sliiMii  skull  ol  the  kneel 
ill.,'  iii.in  was  lii'iiohl  into  ni\  line  ol  -ii;ht,  and  I 
c.i.  ke.l  my  rille,  and,  liizht  a-  ilie  soiiml  wa-.  lhe\  l.olh 
siaiid  and  ca-l  keen  ;.d.iiici  -  .'iioiinil  .  the  kmiliiL: 
iiiiii  Wis  n..«  the  lea-l  iI.iIil'i  ion-  ol  the  two,  I  lliiie 
loll'  -hilti'd  niy  aim.  -o  th.il  ihe  nakid  lireasl  ot  the 
..no  with  the  l.ou  l.ei.in.e  11  _\  maik,  and  iiist-.nliy 
liicd  'he  Inili.in  -  -harp  <\i'  noil  have  dlscovei'rd 
nil'  at  the  nioiiii  III,  lor  he  spraiii;  11-i.  e,  hut  he  was 
hit,  and  fell  rtil!:  a  cry  that  wiiil  iliionoh  every  lierM' 
111  mv  liiid)  ;  llii "ilier  had  sprnii;;  up.  Imt  only  tci 
reeei'i"  the  fall  di-  i  Mi-.^-e  111  i.iick  shot  111  his  face  and 
nc.  k,  ai'.l  I',  fall  lilele—  l.i -ale  hi-  u'roarino  coinraile, 
Mv  enemies  Were  now  dead  111-  ineapnlile  of  iii|niiiio 
me,  lull  :,  inde-erilialile  tcelii.i;  of  despair  ►ei/i  d  n.e 
a-  I  ihiinudit  i,'  .i  li:it  I  !iad  ikni".  and  what  rilnaiiicl 
to.-  nil'  to  do  I  lo  idi'd  ni\  rille  .'i..iiii,  ami  i-i.'l"iiii- 
eallv  appro.'iclied  the  liloody  s|io|.  and  only  the  1:11  all- 
ot the  wollllded  iilie  l'iill>ei|  me  and  n-called  Ine  to  m\ 
sell  I  I     W!ls    a     llol-rihle     sii,dlt'        'riiel'e    li'y   prosllllle 

lie|.i,-e  me,  sw  imniiin;    in    lilood.  'lie    two    meii    who   a 

niiiiiili'  liefoi'e   ha. I    si i    there    ill    till     lull    viifoiir   of 

life  Thi'V     h     1.    mil I.     Irc.-i,  heronsly    plotted     the 

di-ii 'leti.in    ol   a    man    vi.n    had   liever     loiie    tlniniiny 
iiijnrv,  iieM-reveii    -1  ei.    lli'iii,  Mini   liny   had    liilh  n   '* 

-aerilice    to   tin  11     nu ediiiess   liir    plunder        "he 

hoiK    ..f   the    \.iiin'.'i  r  mil      lav   -l.elelleil    ollt,   the  loin. I- 


FROM   THE   ATLANTIC  TO  THE   PACIFIC. 


363 


■ore   mini'  ;   T 

I  sllolllll     tl>    II 

iliiys    »itli   :i 
two    Iniliiiii-- 

II  null  ulliir, 
1    tiist    cinii;lil 

I'    lI'Mlk     I     ).  Ill 

;  \\]\\U\  till' 
iiinik  'iniili'  a 
;ri:it    1  air    llir 

'111   M       Wlll'll      III' 

.      o|'    ti"i|.-ll']W 

I.  li  .  II  imi.'-i' 
i.li  lii>  liMW  ill 
it,    was  Mtiiiiil 

I     Willi  I     jlllHM'll 

K'll  hi  .  liiicrr. 
^  lii'iiil  M  littli' 
li'ip-  111'  llii'ii 
i>\\  111  ;.i|r  llllll 
1m  twft'ii    Ilis 

I  111   slidoliiin. 
ami    till'    trtii 

I'  ti  lit  iintliiiiK 
llirir  urstiMiK 
1'  is  l^ini;  I'V 
iiirr  tlii-  lii'li 
lliMiiylitN  ami 
I'  aniiws,  slinl 
aiiL'li''*  at  till' 
mill  til  staml 
liiv  liraii  111  at 
mir  allri    am 

III  I   miiilr    tliL' 

II  111  llii'  must 
iiiiliiiii;  siinrtl 

iiiiliaiis.   allir 
I'll    till    1  III 

a>iili'.  al  il, 
t  the  iitiu'l-. 
n  ailiiir^-i  111 
.1  thi'  hail  I 
M!:lit,  ami  I 
s,  tlu'V  liulh 

thr  hill  rill  U 
l\M.,  I  ihilr 
.ITisl     1.1    I  hi' 

ml    iii>i  'iiii.v 

r  ili-iiiMllil 
I. Ill     111'    was 

CM'IV    m  I'M- 

hut     Hilly    to 

lii>  fai'i'  ami 

1111,'  inllllllili'. 

Ill  iiijiiiiii;.' 
il  M'i/iil  II. >' 
I  .1  I'riiiaimil 
mil  i:!M'!"ilii- 
\\  ihr  un  ali^ 
.1  nil'  11.  iii> 
I,  \  iii'iB-tiati- 
I'l.  n  \\\t'<  a 
III  vii;i.iii'  uf 
pjiiMril       till- 

I.'  I  hi  III  any 
II.;  jail,  n  I* 
ii.l.'l-  "!.i' 
t,  till-  li.iii.i- 


ils 


hawk  hail  I'llliii  ti'imi  his  grtisp,  ami  tlii'  imiiilt'i'ous  ' 
liail  hail  I'lilrii'il  his  iii'i'k  ami  iiiu'  ul'  his  ryes,  ami 
rnu'hilillly  ilisli.ili'il  his  liiniizf  I'lihiiiii'il  tin'i'.  I  liilliril 
liiir.  nil  till'  ullii'i' siili',  thai  I  mi;.'hl  nut  sre  il  a;;ain. 
ami  wiiit  tuwaiils  tlii'  uni'  whu  was  mily  wuiiiiiliil.  lie 
was  all  iilihr  man,  his  Ihiii;  hlaek  hair  aliiii.st  envrieii 
his  lare,  hut  the  lire  111  ileaillv  haliril  •^leameil  at  me 
rruiii  his  eyi's.  The  hnlhl  hail  I'lilireil  the  lireast  lieluw 
the    lel't    sliiiili'li  I-,     thiiilj;li     wliethii-    the    wi.iiml    was 

iiiiirtal   or   nut,  I  emihl    imt    sav.   lull    hi-   hi lini.'.  ami 

the  eleneliiii;;  uf  his  teeth  Ir.nn  |iaiii,  awakeneil  the 
ilei'|iest  li'i'liniis  uf  i'iiiii|ia-siiin  in  me.  I  luul  iluwn 
i.ver  him,  ami  I'liileaMiiiieil  In  make  him  iiii.li"."-ianil. 
Iiv  -iu'iis  ami  sin^ile  wuiils,  that  I  wmihl  iliiij  him 
intu  my  teiil,  w.isli  ami  heal  his  w.mniU.  .-..x  ei-  him 
with  hiidalu  skins,  ami  take  eaie  i.f  him,  it  I  I'milil 
fherehy  j^aiii  his  i,'n...l  will.  At  last  he  maile  mil 
what  I  meant,  ami  a  wiM  jjleaiii  nt' juy  liL;lile.|  up  hi> 
laee  as  he  -i^iiilie.l  his  a^-in'  l.y  llie  iieliali  eselama 
liuii,  'Haul  Haul'  l'".'r  a  niuimni  I  lilt  ylail 
alimist  lia|.|iy  ai;ain  ;  I  shimlil  s.ne  ihe  sulii'ier,  I 
sliiiiilil  iMJii  a  e.impaniiiii  ami  a  liieml  in  my  ilreailliil 
-nliliHie,  .Vs  I  was  hastening  intu  my  liiil  t  .  iii.ike 
what  pii'|Mniliuiis  1  euiilil  I'ur  the  reeipli'ii  ul  my 
pal  lent,  his  lullii  Ul'.i.llis  ealleil  me  haek.  I'e  lliaile 
-iLiiis  liir  me  to  e.iiiie  inaiei'.  ami  w  it  h  a  tinsel'  tu  the 
lel't  liainl  he  p.iinleil  to  Ilis  i'ii,'lit  whii'li  was  heiit  in  an 
iiieunvenielit  pusiliun  niiilei'  his  haek.  anil  seeineil  tu 
•-•i;  me  to  ilraw  il  uiil  Wiihuiii  the  slijjhlesi  siis 
|«<-iun  I  knelt  iluwn  he-iile  him,  hut  I  hail  searrelx 
t4i«i'heil  his  arm,  when  the  ri^lit  hainl,  ariui'il  wiih  a 
kiirle,  Ihislieil  like  lii:hlini;  li'um  henealh  his  Imily, 
aiiil  sei/inn  ""'  with  his  lelt,  lie  stahheil  twiee  at  my 
lil'east.  Tlie  liluws  hail  heen  well  ainieil.  hut  I'eehly 
exeeuteil.  I  parrieil  l»ilh  with  my  ri^ht  arm,  aiiil 
-n.iteliiil,  with  my  lel't,  the  kiiil'e,  wliieli.  like  I  he 
liiillun,  1  wuie  at  my  ;;inlle  ;  1  pliinu'eil  il  seM-r.il 
times  into  the  hieast  of  the  I'l'Veiini'liil  siivaije  A 
treaiii  uf  liliiuil  u'lisii.  il  ri'uin  his  inuiith,  there  w.is  ;i 
-liylit  raltlin;;  in  the  throat,  he  stnteheil  hiinsi  II 
.ml.  ami  I  was  a._':iiii  iiluiie— alone  ill  the  w  iile  wiiitiA 
w'.i.ile  aluiie  Willi  the  li  ail  ;  the  warin  hloml  tii.khil 
iluwn  IHV  arm,  aii.l  imw  liisi  I  nutieeil  that  I  was  nn  • 
.self  w.uimleil  ,  un  ilrawin^  haik  the  knife  the  liisI 
time,  till'  sharp  hhnle  liail  passeil  almi;;  the  luwir  pail 
ul  niv  arm.  ...  I  at  the  siei.iiil  hluw  I  he  point  lii'il 
sirmk  il  almust  .ii  the  saim  spot,  Init  only  sli^ihlly. 

"The  iii;{lit  that  folluweil  this  eventful  il.iy  was  the 

must  ilreailful   of  iii\   life.      I    really  thoii^hl     I    slioulil 

have    pine   iiukI.      The   two  eoipses    were    hut     a     few 

•arils   Irmii    me.    as   1    lay   on    my  heil  ami   r...|i'il   ni\ 

.aiiuls  with  -II. iw.      Of  sleep  or  lest  llieie  eoiiM  he  no 

Mioii-hl.  fur  th.'Mulvei.,  attraeleil  hy  the  hi 1.  huwlnl 

.lismalh  I.. llllll  llie  s|H>l,  aii'i  wuiihl  not  Irae  sulhriil 
me  tu  li.ne  elu-i  I  my  eyi  s,  I'Mii  if  my  iiii'vuus  cn 
1  ilemeiit  hail  <"".  Iiiaile  sleep  iiiipossihle.  I  til'eil  my 
I'l-tul  I'unliiiiially  into  the  itaik  iii;;ht  to  keep  oil'  the 
liiinjirv  hriiti's  ;  Imt,  liesiiles  this,  I  eiii;lil  ilu  nulhini; 
hut  i'esl>:ii  my.self  tu  my  late,  iiml  await  the  il:i\  il;IiI. 
With  the  earliest  ilawn,  huwevei',  I  hasleiieil  i  ul  ul 
my  tent  to  ilraj,'  away  the  lil.  le-s  reiiialiis,  iiml,  if  pu- 
sihle,  rill  myself  of  the  ilaiiiji  nil's  lompaiiy  ul  the 
Wolves. 

"  It  was  nei'i'ssary,  I  oil.  thai  I  shmihl  ellaee  all  traees 
of  the  liiiliiiiis.  siiiee  I  eolllil  mil  know  whet  her  anuther 
of  their  liil.e  mi',:ht  nut  )iiiss  that  wa\.  in  wliieh  la-e 
llie  apin'aiali.e  .1  hi....!  w.iilil  liave  imniiilialilx 
(.leeiiliHl    my   liilf.      I    aiijiroiieheii    the  Hpot,   tliei'ih    •', 


ami  shiiililereil   to  see  that  the   hfiilio.'!  lay  in  n  ilitVereiit 
plaee,  ami  weie  iliseustinijly  maiiyhil  hy  the  wulves. 

"  iliiiiLlir  ilruM'  ine  tu  seanli  iluiii,  ami  I  luuml  euii- 
lealeil  '.llliler  their  lealliein  eirilles  s..nie  illnil  hllllalii- 
Iiieat,  wliii'li  I  tuuk,  ami  then  rulhil  up  w  Inlevelinieht 
liavesei'\eil  to  heliax  me.  with  the  n  luailis,  in  their 
l.iillalo  lohes.  i  tied  them  1  uiinil,  ami  ly  yreat  i  .\ei 
li.in  ilia^'^i'il  them,  one  after  .iiiuthi  r.  lu  the  liule  in 
the  ill'  where  I  i;ot  my  water,  ami  )  usheil  them  iimler. 
so  thai   tliey  wuiilil  he  eallieil  away  li_\   the  riiirelil. 

"  .Mter  I  hail  linisheil  the  liielanehi.ly  task,  I  maile 
slleli  II  lire  un  llie  plai'e  where  the  two  ruhhel*  liail 
lift  tlieir  hluuil.  thai  I'M  11  the  wuUe-  nuist  lose  tiie 
sieiil  ill  the  heap  of  ashes  ;  ami  at  iiii;lil  the  usual 
show  Sturm  set  in,  ami  elliiieil  the  last  imlii  atiuii  thai 
iiii;;lil  liaM'  leil  tu  a  iIisiumi-n.  The  liuaise  eiy  ul  the 
laM'ii  mii.^li-.l  ill  the  1  usiuiiiaiy  way  with  the  lu.wlini,' 
of  the  wuivis;  hnt  !  hail  m.w  a  li'iliiii;  uf  seeiirity.  as 
Well  as  a  leviveil  hupe  <:i  le-iin-.  wliiih  \\:is  ilii'i'ea.M'il 
hy  ihe  ailillliulial    supply  of  luuil    I   hail  uhlaineil. 

•  t  III  islnias  time  eaiiie,  aliil  I  hail  heeuine.  lu  a  iii'tain 
extiii'.  iiseil  to  luneliiies-.,  nuil  tiiamieeil  lu  ilu.  in  a  suit 
uf  am  '  'uatmi    slNJe.    what    w  ii-  iiei  i  — ar\  jii-t    lu   keep 

lllNsl'li  iilu  ■'.  'I'l,,.  w  ilih'I'lless  li;iil  li.-l  mill  II  uf  it.'l 
lei  I'ul  s  lul'  me,  a  111  I  I  ihulluhl  ut  llie  lilt  llie  w  nil  a  sul  t 
ut  sliipnl  apalliy.  anil  .sinnetiliies  I  seaiiily  eili'l  to 
know  what  was  in  sluie  (ur  me:  ami  yet  II  was  nu 
pleasant  thuni^ht  when  I  Miiiieiinies  askeil  ni\>ill  what 
wuiilil  he  the  1  nil  ul  il  I  'I  hen  my  iniml  van  -aillN 
I.Mr  past  Mill's  I  thuiiuht  uf  llie  t  In  i-in  ases  in  my 
iiaiiM'  i'uiiiiiry  -  ill  my  ihililhuuil.  el  the  splcmliil 
Chrislnias  Irees  ami  the  kimi  li  iiiiils  siiiiuiimllii..'  me  ; 
ami  lum;  on  my  haek,  luukim;  up  wlnn  tin  nii:ht 
is  fine,  at  the  ..'litteiiii;,'  slairx  sK\,  llin  ii^h  the 
hull'  at  ihe  li.p  of  my  tent,  I  iiihaleil  ihe  liauraiit 
siiiuke  piiiiiiieil  l.\  miiujlini;  si  me  lea  with  the  ilr\ 
w  illi.w  leaM's  in  iii\  pipe,  the  I'lilx  tliii>liiias  imlul- 
L;iiiie  I  euliliI  altulil.  ami  tiiiii  ieil  the  -liii's  luukeil 
kimlly  iluwii  on  me.  as  they  iiseil  tu  ilu  ut  liuine  :  so 
lliey  seemeil,  like  mysilt.  lu  he  tlenil.liiiL'  wiili  tlie 
I'ohl^  On  the  t'hiisiiia.  iiioinine.  w  In  n  I  wini  uul. 
iiilu  the  air,  I  helnhl  a  (1.  ,  1,  ul  juairie  low  Is  .'.|ttiiii» 
anil. iii:  the  trees  on  the  I  .ink  uflherlMr:  ami  I  am 
.'i-h.iiiieil  to  say  how  my  heait  heat,  aiul  with  what 
ileliiiht,  aOer  liviiiji  su  lun:.'  mi  Imieh  wull's  t!^^h  ami 
seality  liiet.  I  lu.'kiil  luiwai.l  lu  the  ..-i  iisiial  |i.\-.uf  ;•, 
I'uasl    wurthy  ul    I  'liri  liiias 

"I  1  \amiiieil  m\  iilh.  kiiuw  ill;!  thai  these  slix  hinis 
w.'iil.l  II.. I  alli'v  llie  lu  appiuaeli  near  i  ii..iil;Ii  tu  n.-'e 
small  --liul. 

"  .\  i^iaml  luukinj;  euek  was  sittiiij;  jii.-i  within  reiieli 
of  Inv  hiillel.  hut  all  II  reslstihle  eoMlulis  ilesiie  to  j-et 
tuiihir.ls  al  lime  imluii  il  inn  sliulitly  lu  I'han'.-e  iii\ 
pusitiuii.  I  tioil  un  suiiie  slieht  twi^'tliat  washniileii 
h\  the  snow  ;  it  snappeil  iiinler  my  h.ul.  li  i^hleiieil 
the  tiiwls,  llllll  the  wliule  lluek  instantly   Ih  w  ulf. 

"I'.etweeli  hope  ami  ili-:ippi.in<  liii  lil.  pi  li  al  lull  iiml 
siitreiilii:,  the  lime  pas,-ei|  lililll  the  tlist  ilay  uf . lam  .ii\. 
ami  I  w:is  l\  iii^i  one  ilay  iiinli  r  my  hlankel  ami  skin-., 
nellhel    asleep    liur    aw. ike,  hnt   helWiill  the  two,  when 

I  hi':iiil  the  suiiml  of  iippiuai'hiii;(  (..uisii  p>,  ami  al  the 
same  lime  tin  Imliaii  Kiliilaliuii.  '  .\u  larru  laii ' 
i  ll'.ilua,  liieml  !)  1  w;is  mit  of  my  rexeiie  in  a  iiiuineiit 
aii.l  iii\  h.iml  like  li.jhini  \\i  uli  my  lille,  when,  heluie  I 
I'unlil  p't  uiit  of  my  tent,  soini'  wunls  ih.it  Mnimleil  liku 
sweeii-l  iiiU'-ii'  In  mine  ears,  Mn^lish  wmils.  were 
pr..|imilii'i  il  '  N  ...|  ai.  in  a  hail  i  a-e  lieie.  Irieliil. 
'  <  1  Ine    III,     I    el'K'«l,  uluiuBl   ln-iiiilL'   Ui^bvlf   with    Ju_\ 


'      !!! 


364 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


i  1  ' 


i     I 


,111(1  tlifi  curtain  roso.  mid  (lu'ii  ciawlod  in,  iint  as  I 
li^id  rX|i('rtfil,  11  wliitf  lif.ivir  liiiiitir  111'  tiMMllitii; 
Aforinnii.  liiit  ii  viTV  dirty  mid  viiy  « ild-lndkiiig 
Indian,  |iiisliiiig  n  ti\t'  (not  rilli'  IpcIom'  liini. 

"As  I  iii.idi'  11  distrust  till  ii'|iill,iiit  grsturo,  lio  ex 
ol:iiiui'il,  '  Villi  ran  spi'iik  Kiij;li-li  « itii  iiii\  I  iiiiiicr 
St  Mid  very  well  '  '  Vnu  iiic>  mi  Indian  ('  1  iii(]iiiiiil 
'  My  t'atlu'i'  \va.s  wliitc,'  was  the  answer,  •  lnit  ni\ 
iiiiitlirr  was  red,  and  I  like  lietti  r  tn  lie  an  Indian  ;  I 
liiluiiiT  til  the  tiihe  iif  the  Ottoes,  ,'ind  am  mi  iiiy  wav, 
with  live  emiiraih'.s  and  mir  women,  ti-um  the  hunt  nil 
the  Xelirasea  til  our  wi^^wanis  at  < '  uicil  Ululls.  The 
smoke  of  your  lire  liroiight  us  hire  ;  our  laiiiji  is  in  « 
ilee|)  raniie  two  miles  oil',  Imt  luv  eom|iaiiiiiiis  will 
soon  collie  U|>.  If  you  like  ymi  shall  I'oiiie  into  my 
tent,  and  go  with  lis  to  our  village  on  the  .Missouri. 
The  way  is  long,  and  there  is  a  gnml  de.il  of  snow  ;  we 
must  go,  for  our  lieasts  are  laden  with  nu'at,  hut  tlieii' 


sealps  that  adnrned  liis  shield  gave  testimony  to  his 
v;ili.int  (h'l'ds  ;  and  to  hisi|iiality  of  dn  adi-d  warrior  he 
added  too,  as  I  was  iiiforiind.  that  of  a  gre.il  mi'diiiiie 
man  that  is,  a  |ihysii-iiii  and  iiniiuiir  My  uiifm- 
tuiiate  situation,  es|iiTially  the  hhIi'^  lloh,  >ei  imd  to 
awaken  a  strong  feeling  of  eiim'i.is>iiiii  in  him  ;  fur 
when  old  Wo  lie  shee  luiudeil  the  lighted  |>i|ie  In  iiie, 
he  |iiit  his  hand  under  the  leatliern  eiiririin.  and  |iiilled 
into  the  tent  the  Iri  shlileeilmg  (|iimler  of  a  deer  he 
had  just  killed,  and  witli  good  iiatured  noils,  tlire«  it 
down  at  n.y  siih .  We  had  now  mhIi  a  feast  as  I  li.id 
not  known  lor  some  time.  Farlar's  -liarp  nose  jm  1 
.seented  out,  among  the  hea)i  of  t'liui.'^  eoiifiiMdly  tiiiii- 
liled  to;;etlier,  a  \ es.sel  ooiitaining  tallow,  whieh  we 
had  for  greasing  the  eartwheels  with  ;  this  he  |iut 
into  the  jiaii,  to  improve  the  tiavoiir  ol  the  Iresh  veni 
son,  and  lerlainly  I  thought  I  hid  never  l:i«iid  aii\ - 
thing   inore  .sjivoiirv.      We    ate   and   smokeii.   mid   ale 


will    lie   room    for  your  things;   our  women   will   sew  |  again,  and  e,\elianged,  in  the  meant ime,  Imt    li  »  eiiher 

moeassins  on  your  feet,  .so  tli.it    ymi    need   imt    have  ol   words  or  signs  ;   hut,  at  every   Juiey  sliee    1    eut    otf, 

any   hi ly  trail   liehind   you.      Make    up   ymir   mind  I  lile>-ed  my    red  skinned   deli\erers   who,  wnlmut  any 

and   say  that   yoii  will,  Imt   lirst  gi\e  me  sometliing  to  priis|i,'et  of  gain,  hid   slid    to    me  :      ■  ^'oll  are  iinngry, 

eat.  Iiir  1    im  hungry.'  e.it  ;  you  are   ready    to   perish,  eome   with  as;  you  are 

•••I   knew  the  Ottoes  Were  liiotlieis  to  the  whiles,'  I  sick,  we    will    take   e:iieot   ymi  — elolhe  you  ;'   alid    yet, 

answered.  '  I   will  go  with   ymi,  lio\\e\er  fir  it  may  lie      in  tin-  eyes  of  so pimi>  mis^ioumie-,  the\   wmil.l   lait 

As  for  your  liiui!,'er,  1  will  put   my  v\  hole  stoek  het'ore     hive  lieeii    heath .i^taways.  not  good   •  nmigli  to  live 

ymi        Mere  are  lirst    two   fresh   legs  of  a    prairie  wolt.  >vith  them  as  menial-. 

Mot  t.io  fat.  leit  liiily,  hut  if  yon  are   liun:,'ry  you    will  "  When  we  h.id    liin-liei;   o,ir    meil    of  vi  iii-mi.    w  i.' 

eat  of  them  ;    lure  is  a  hit  of  Inilliilo  nHMt.  and    here  i-  made   some    eolVei     of  rcilid    roiii,      (line    nime.    ilie 

some  horse   fidder  Imai/.e)        If  ymi  like  salt,  ymi  need  pipe  of  old   Wo  ne  .-liee  wnt   loiiml.  and  then  "e  1  ■  uali 

miU   -tretel t   ymir  hind  to  tli:it  little   liai;.  it  is  full  to  i;tlk    of  our   |i!:,ii-   lor    the    imiiiny  ;    it     w.i-   .-eilled 

■  ■fit.'      •  W^ilf's    tlesli  is  had    foo.l,"  said    l,.iiiis    Farfir.  th.it    my     Iiid!;iii    I'lieiiU    v\eie    !■■    eome    down    in    tu!! 

the   hall' lire.d,  'we  red  skins   Ill-Mr   eat  it.    hut  in  ease  f  nee  next    day,  and    take    nie    mnl    iny    g.n^ds    to    iheii 

of  need,  or   ~iiiiieiimes   f.ir  a   eiire.  when  we    li:ive   got  ■amp,  ami  theiieefoiw.iid   I   -,;■<  !■■  eon.^ider   their  !■  nt^ 


the  tooth. nhe   ■  .r    the  rheiinialisin  ;  liutgiveit    le-ri'.   I 
am  iiunL;ry.' 

••  W  ith  the~e  v.H.U  he  eut  two  thill  sliee^.  from  tin 
s'li'l  li'i.'.  laid  tliini  lip  111  the  lire,  and  tilled  up  the 
time  till  tliev  wi-re  iiMily  Ky  ehewing  the  hard  Imt 
weil-ll.ivoured  liult'i  ■■  111 '.It  l.oiii-  I'ait'ir  had  nm 
vet  finished  his  meal  when  tw.i  new  (•.■nnis  n^  nh 
their  appearaiie''.  erawling  in  as  he  had  ili^Ii^'.  .iii<i 
(•■iliijileteh  lilliiiu'  np  tin-  -mill  ■Iwellini;.  They  wen- 
.sav.iges,  hat  they  viieii-ht-.l  ■•nt  tie-ir  li.iiels  !■■  im-  in  .i 
friendly  maiiiii  r  om-i-  tin-  lin-  .  .uid  tin-  lir-t.  ;iinl  ;iii 
olil  -viiiikle^l  w.iiri^^r.  wh^.-e  n  iiik-  «a-  U'o  m- shee. 
thie.v  his  hianket  Iimiii  his  shoiilih'r.  drew  n  hag 
i-mlii.ii^lereil  with  liliie  li.nU  fi-iiii  Ills  i.'irdle,  mnl  .M-t 
ahoiit  the  import  itit  hu-iiie"  ot  -tiiokiiii.',  as  a  sign  of 
lierfei-t  good  will.  The  ii-iiii  hinimei-  o|  his  war 
ll,(fehet  »  IS  lioll..Hid  ■■lit  -■!.!-  l.i  firm  a  pipe  he.id. 
from  whi'-li  ii  thin  tii'iie  ran  up  tin'  li.indle,  so  that 
the  daiigi-i'oiis  weapon  ,served  at  the  s.iliie  time  as  the 
symhol  of  |i.'.-ii-e. 

•'  Wliil-l  W.i  lie  -hee  •,\.-is  I  ikiiiL'  hi-  mixture  ol'  to- 
li,-ii-e^>  and  v.iriiied;e-iiuie  (siim.ieh  leaM-s.  nii\ei|  with 
will  i.»  l.iiki,  I  turned  my  alieuli^in  to  hi-  Nminyer 
eomp  iiiioii.  He  w  1-  a  man  of  :;ig.intie  In'ight,  .ind.  a- 
l  eoiild  -i-e  thiiudi  he  sat  erouehed  |o:;i  tlier,  of  line 
Ulid  pinerfiil  form  ;  In-  h.iir  wns  eut  ratln'i- slnii-:.  and. 
by  gieal  puns  lie-t,wi^l  ■m  it.  iiiiele  to  -taml  iipri'.;ht, 
exeept  the  pliite.l  -e  dp  lo- k  III  the  topol  hi-he.id. 
whieh  hung  h)W  diwn  his  liaek.  Mis  fa -e  w,i^  dee.i 
rated  with  hhiik  stripe-i  ;  and,  in  spite  o|'  tl|.'  wild 
expre>-ioii  of  his  lealuie-,  |  ihmi^iii  I  jnid  never  seen 
a  haiids^^mer    Inliaii  ;    hi-    iMiiie  was  W'a  ki  ti  mo  nee. 

or  ilie   I-'ii    S..Mi.-r      \l,   w  ,-  ■■) !   !l i,,.t  di-nii 

guiolii-d    v.iniur.1    ol    the    Uttoes.    and     the    niim.i-n- 


1-  niy  Iioine,  ami  llnli  ho-pilalile  iidiahitaiit -  a-  my 
In-otliel's  and    faitliliil    loinpaliions    foi     liie   and    >ieaili. 

The  worthy  i-id-Kin  li  It  me  towanl--  iviiiiie,'.  \viili  .i 
emdial  faii-w^l!.  !■■  r.  Ii.ra    to    hi-    e.iiiip    in    the    |.-i\iM 

I  ha<l  now  hut  ■me  mmi-  nii^lil  !■■  p.i--  aloiie  in  the 
-teppe. 

■■  With  what  a  diltif-nl  teelini;  rolled  my-. -If  ihis 
night  ill  lii\  aeeii-loined  i.ivi  iiiu.',  iiou  ihil  I  hid  ll.is 
pi'iof  that  the  kind  and  w  iii-litui  e.oi  ,'1  I'lovidi  m  e 
W.I-  still  o\e|-  me  as  mils  as  it  i>  in  i  very  siliialion  of 
ill'  .  how  mlitentid  and  happy  I  felt  that  I  h.id  Hot. 
•luring  this  dieailliil  six  wei  ks,  listened  to  ihi'  siigi;e-. 
li^iii-  of  despair  I  l.iy  loieg  thinking  oM-r  the  varimis 
things    that     had    happened    to    nn-  :     Imt    a    lew    Innirs 

-itiee      helpless     .ilnl      Inilnele--.      aiel      -eemillujly     left      1^1 

peti-h.  and  I11.W-.  I  ■mild  Inne  -henieil  -ih.iel  at  t  he 
ihmiuht.  I  wa-  -.iM-l  and  oin  e  iin^re  to  lixe  among 
hlllll.'in    fellow    elialllle-         I    ill  i    not    know,   indeed     ImW 

luig  1  mi;;ht  he  lompeil.  d  ti^  remain  «  it  li  -avage- ;  I  iit 
I  lej^iiei.l  that  lli'-v  wei.  iiieli  who.sieliied,  I  llimi::lit, 
iin  ipal'li-  of  treae!>i>r\.  and  who  looked  ii|io|i  me  as  a 
little  r.  ami  I  dii  f<  e<  like  a  hiolhi-r  to  ijiem  a-^  l.'iig 
a-  I  remained  with  ihem.  md  up  to  the  moiiiei-,'  when 
I   -hook   their   hrown    hands   on   our   p.irtiiiu'   invei    to 

n t  .(.'ain,  ami    I   saw    s.iriowfnl    expre- mn    in    llnir 

I  liudil  hlaek  eVes.  I  fei  1  like  their  l.f^ihei-  still  when 
I  -liinl  here  in  full  he   l<h   and  -ti'in'.^th  lookiii'.'  round 

■  ■II  the  i;lorM"s  Willi  ■  ■!  lioil.  and  !'•  iiiemher  that  I 
have  t>i  thank  tin  laiililnl  Iinlim  liiiinlslhit  I  am 
h.-i-e  io  do  so.  I  Ihil  I  1  -I. -.11  -II  1  have  ihal  hri.ilierly 
fi'eliiig  lowiirils  th'-m  when  w.-  I1..1  li  appe  ir  hi-n-ilter, 
t^i  '.;ive  mi  iieeoiiiil   In  Im^    hiin   «  h  ■ai  ti..  -.    p..^'r  -.iva'.'eM 

■  - 1.1  iJH    I  li.-.l  t; I  Spun 

'    llv    the  lime  (lie  littl.   i.iU'l  ■■I  :  )tt..i  -  ■  .nil.   !<■  me  oil 


iiiii>iiy  Id  liis 
■d  Wiiniiu-  li» 
ri'iit  ini'iliriliti 
Mv  uiil'i'i- 
,ll,  ^ci  lil.-.l    !■> 

ill  liiiii  ;  till' 

1  |ii]H'  I' 

II.  iiii'l  I'lilliil 

of  II  ili'i  r  lir 
mils,  tlirrw  it 
rust   a.-.  I   li^iil 

Mlp     Ill's.'    ill)  1 

it'iiMilly  tiiiii- 

vv,     «lllrll     »l! 

llii>  hf  put 
III'  Insli  M'lii- 
T  t:i~li'il  iiil\- 
ik.'.l.  immI  -'I.' 
,ut  ti'«  I'iili.r 
ici'  I  rut  olV, 
.,  witlidut  aiiy 
u  .'111'  iniii^'i-y, 
li  sis  ;  yi'ii  iivo 
oil  ;"   aliil    yi't, 

l,\     Wiilll'l     I'lil 

,  i',uii-li  to  liv.' 
it'   vilii-"ii.    wo 

II','      llloll',      111'' 

llii'ii  vvc  1  '  :; '" 
i,  wjs  Ml  tin) 
'|o»n  III  full 
,_,,„.i\-,  lo  ilii'ir 
ili'i'  ill, 11  t'liti 
iliilaiit~  n-  my 
ill'  ali'l  Mi'Mtli. 
\,  iiiii'j.  "  II  li  '1 

II,     llic     MMIi' 
;i|olll'     ill     llio 

IIV.-..lf    llli.H 

I  Ilia  tills 

lo^  iili  lli't* 


'I  I 


Mlualiiili    "t 


il    I 


not. 


|l'i  tlic  sii:;ir<'— 
r  I  III'  viirioiiH 
;i  li'W  lio.irs 
ii-lv  I. 'ft  to 
il"ii'l    at    tho 


-I.MIU'  -    '     1  "t 

ll.  I  ll -lit, 

liiiii'ii  nil'  a>  a 


I  a-    l.ii'.; 


IiIm'Ii 

iii'   \\  iiiii 

||l'_r  II,  M'l-  to 
l"ll  111  lllrll- 
|-   «tlil,    «  lll'll 


hill"  I' 


It  I 


U  I  ll  ll     I    am 

|l^al  ioi'tinrly 

II.    Ill  Ti'a 


II. I, 


ll-  -a\  a'.'i'H 


lo  nil'  ,)U 


FROM   THE   ATLANTIC  TO  THE   PACIFIC. 


3Gfi 


tho  following;  mo'-niiiK,  V  had  iiackcd  tip   all    the    In'st  '  limi  liroii'.'lit.      Tlii'y  loft  iiotliiiiu' liiliiml,  ami  wlioii  tlio 

tliim.-    lM'|om,'iiii,'    partly    to   iii\~i'lt'  ami    piiitly   to    my  fnt  l^'atlni-  was    toiiml  to    lio  too  liriniy    tVo/.oii  to    tlio 

foriiii'i"     I'oliipaiiioii,     :iiiii     I     riiiil<'iii]ilati'i|     with      llii'  j.'ioiiml  to  lio  u'ot    up.    tlioy   cut    it    olfalioM'   tlio  sliow, 

livi'lit'st  iiili'fisl,  ii'~  llioy   approu'lii  ,1    to  ;;i'i'ot  uio,  tin-  aiol  tlirrwit  in  «  itli  tln' I'l-st   of  tlio  tliiu;;'!       To  wliat 

•  pIIkT  moiiilii'i's   of  till' raravali    with    whioh    I    was    to  piiip"--,'    llio    liitir     uaLIu'oii    wii^     I,bii|oiI     I     lonM    not 

lie  as.S(M'i. lll'll,       l!o.-.i'li's  tli ali'oaily    tiioiitinnoil,  iIhTi'  iiinli'i'^taml.    iimil     I    s.iw    llio    womi'ii    ai"!  yiiim;  Lois 

wi'io     Si'Uiu  '.'i'^'  iiikii a     yoiii','     woiioi',    Soha-lm-  liariio^s   tlu'iii-olv,  s    to  ii.  mioI    liy  iliiil  of   piiHiiii,'    and 

I',  it  il<o,  a  lad   of  i'i:;lili"  II,    til.'  ~oMofold    Wo-uo-sh-o,  pii-liiii','.     wiih     many     a     iiii'iry    slioiii,    loll    it     away 

anil    voiiiii;    Wa  ki  to  im'.    a  liin'   vnin:;  follo-.v .   son    of  in  ilo'  diroi'tinii  of  tlioir  ramp,  u  liii.'  I  niy-ilf,  oarrv  iiif; 

llio  niiilioino  iiiau.      A  suaiai  ol  wonicn   folloui-,1  ;ii   ;i  n.i  ,iii:«liut  uiy  weapons,  f.'il.  ..   I  slow  K  with  tho  oMor 

I,'.^l  cli,ianc'i',  and  as  soon    as  tli' y  arrivi'd.  sit  iilioni  warriors.      Wlnii   I  had  ii  a,  li.  d    iln'    top    nt  tho  hill,  I 

pa.kiiiL'     tlio    Imii'llos    thai     lay    iilmit     into    ihohaM'  -l'io,l  ^lill  a  liiomi'iit  to  l'...k    li,.i  k  "u  ih.'    moii,'  of  my 

siiowo'l  up  wa:.'u' HI.  "  hiili    I  and  my  I'Uairi'  i  ompaiooh  iii'li'sorili.ilile  ^iiili'i'iii'.;-.       .\  11    l,iv-!;li    iiudii' its   whito 


368 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WOIU-H 


I' s; 


!    I 


>.',      M 


iih 


lllinlll     tn    illllllliit     lililisll    ('ill Iiii  (       Tint    cnuiitrv, 

tlMiiijli  MO  amiti'roiis.  w.i.-.  of  >iii'ii  .i  iioitiu'"riilioii  - -tin- 
v.illi'vs  wen'  so  liaiTow,  the  nviiv  »>  iMpiil,  ami  llic 
moiiiitaiiis  so  Hti'<'|> — tli.it  it  was  imt  |iinli  ililr  ilial  it 
coiiiil  siislaiii  a  laf.iji'  |io|iiilalioii.  I'.iit  wliil.  lliis  «as 
iin  nhjcot.)""  n-i'l'iviliV  tn  thr  Pn  or  I?iv  r  ili-trict.  Dr. 
liril.pl-  >|»pkc  III  I  111  ^^11 .11  I  111  ail  ill  111  th<-  I  Imi-  niiirso 
(ir  casli'i-ii  triliiilarii'>  ul'  tin'  t  iiliiiiiiiia,  wliirli  In'  ilf- 
sct'iiilril.anil  iil'tlu'  liihius.s  (il'tlif  valliy  of  the  t'oluiu 
l>ia  it-.'lf. 

It  is  :,'i'iiiTally  ailiiiiltfil.  that  ihr  coiitfliiplatcil  liiH> 
of  railway  wniilil  In'  I  ho  mo-t  iiM|iiii't  iiit  ii|iiiii  tln'  siir 
faiv  of  till'  liliilic.  Ci'itaiiily,  a>  irspi'its  thu  |iii,>si-.- 
sioiis  of  this  I'liiiiiti'v,  'lirrr  was  not  a  liiir  that  rmilil 
lie  ooitiparril  with  it.  It  wmilil  not  iiiiTcly  In'  a  liiii' 
of  jjri'at  iiii|iortaiici'  to  North  Aiiirrira.  Imt  it  wmilil 
iilli'i't  olhoi-  parts  of  the  world,  Asiatic  ami  Kuiopcaii 
as  wi'll  as  Anirrii'an. 

'rhiii'  is  soiiicthiiisj,  it  is  to  lie  olisfi-vt'il,  that  is  vn y 
titiikiim  ami  siii,'i^i'stivi'  in  the  contrast  lictwi'di  tin' 
way  in  which  the  native  Iinliaiis,  ilwcllin^  in  these 
countries,  look  iip(<n  each  other,  ami  the  way  in  which 

they  treat  white   men  wh iiiie  anioliij  them.      'I'ln'-' 

who  accoinp.inieil  (^apt.iiii  I'alli^er.  when  they  caiin  to 
the  territory  of  aiintii.r  ii  lie,  wrv  atV.iiil  to  iji.  mi. 
The  trilies  v.ere  at  war.  ami  .IimiiI  of  each  other  in 
( on.sei{iieiice  .  liiit,  when  a  wljite  man  c.ime  anioii:^ 
tliein.  lie  was  re.'civi'il  .is  a  fiieml.  The  ipie,>tioii  i.s, 
whether  oiir  expectations  of  these  poor  liiiliaiis,  who 
ha\e  not  yet  hail  the  experience  that  other  liii|iaiis 
have  hail  of  the  white  man.  will  lie  reali>i'i|.  U'e 
know  what  ha>  lieeii  the  result  in  other  ca-es  that 
M.ine  of  the  trilies  have  lieeii  altoijether  liliiltiil  out 
from  the  tin  e  of  til'  earth,  ami  others  lia\  i-  he  n  ilriveii 
t.'ir  luck  iVoiii  their  iiri:,'in.il  pos.MSsioii^.  iiiio  a  part  of 
the  coiiiilry  wher.'  they  cannot  ;;et  the  iiieai;^  of  si|li 
sistelice.  It  is  to  lie  hopi'il  no  such  file  will  liefall  the 
inilian>.  'ivlm  lecciveil  t'.iptain  lalii^erwith  so  iniicli 
li'ispilalitN  :  it  i.i  in  onr  power  to  prevent  it.  hy 
walehiii!,'  the  pionii  <s  of  oiir  explorers  ami  colonists 
withtliciye  I,,  phil  iiilhropi-ts,  aiel  ;;iiari|inL,'  aixiiiist 
the  inliMililrii.in  of  those  e\  iN  aiiniii;,'  them  that  have 
lieeii  Ml  ile~r riictive  in  other  inlinces.  An  Imli.in 
chief  was  om  e  toll,  that  tin-  ria--iiii  why  he  oppo-Mil 
the  proi'iosot  ( 'h  ri  it  iaiii  ty  a  mill  i;;  his  people  wa--  U'caiise 

he  \\.,i  I  .ml  .iflilewater      Tlie  chief  ,'IM'  Ins  exponelll  .1 
fink  lit'  -  I  nil.  .1  el  .saiil  ■  — '•  N"i<.  I  I  ive  the  liie  wiii-r  : 
I    kiH'U    It    i-  ili'stroyiii:.'   me   an. I    my  people.  Imi    h  ivv 
c.ilin'    w,.     i.y    the    tire-water  '        Uit'il'.'    the     wlllli'    III. Ill 
came    aliioii;,'    iw,  we    ate    ti-li.  ihei.    ImmvcI.   alel    other 
aniimiln,  mu)  drank   ttie  wafer  of  our  lakes  ami  riverH. 
and  Wf  RiiHereil   no   harm        The  white   man  came,  and 
lold  us  the  lire  wilier  would  iii.ike  iis  very  happy.     We 
ilialik  it.  Htid  ut  last  we  ealiie  to  love  it.      Ami    if  you  | 
"  i.sli    us   not  to    imike   use   of  it,  tell  your  own  |M'iiple, 
Mnir    tiailiis.    not    to    liriii(»    it    ainon^;    iis  '      Soiiie- 
tluTu;  shoiilil  lie  done  to  '^tay  the   prni^'ress   of  the  evils 
.l.at   have.    Iiitheito.    in  ciiin|>atiieil    the    white    man    in 
unint;    aimmn    the    Inili.ins,    -o    that,    with    the    pro-  | 
tiess     of    mil     eoioiii.'sitiiin.    there     may    he    it    corre-  I 
~|HiniliMf;   piogrc-iH  of  uiir   ChriKtiunity   iiiid  our  oivi-  I 
liHAtion. 

IV.— THK  CoUNTIiY   lUMWKKN  CANADA     | 
AND   MlilTl.SII   COl.UMmA 

So  far  for  official  investiiiHtiou.  which  of  necc'sity 
lieiiip  nime  piecise,  lii.-ps  inmli  of  the  iiitcruHt  of 
Hdvfuturt;  IB  the  vluUiiutiuu  ut  lucul  dulaiiit.  I 


I  The  couiitiy  thus  explored  and  that  which  in  com- 
prised lietwieii  ('aiiad.i  and  IIiiihIi  ( 'oluiiiliia,  in- 
clmlini,'  the  district  ol  l.,akes  \\  ii.ipr;;,  Winipiifosis, 
Maiiilolia.  and  others,  the  priiiiii>iiii;  rei,'iiiiis  of  till' 
two  .■sask.itcliewans,  or  l!ow  liners,  a  x.ist  rc;;ioli  of 
forest  and  prairies  -at  prcMiit  the  hiintiiij;  L;iininil  of 
the  red  men  and  the  hall  liieeds— the  Itockv  .Mmintains 
tlieiiisilves.  and  sleep  i|e.-.iiiits  aloiii;  the  deep  vallevs 
of  the  (.'oliiiiiliiiiaiiil  Krizi  r  Iviveis,  presents  leatiiresul 
deep  i  lit  ell  St  :  friiiii  the  scenes  of  wild  nnriclaiined 
naliiie,  teemiiii,'  with  animal  and  M'i>i  tahlc  lite,  and 
fi'olii  the  Insly  priimi>es  held  out  l>\  these  liniippru- 
priated  territories  to  a  future  cix  ili.sation. 

How  loiiuiiate  Would  it  lieif  weconid  meet  with,  as 
a  wanderer  in  smh  seems,  .some  daring  ■oiini;  artist, 
sketi'h  liook  in  hand,  who  ci'liihiiiiiig  at  miie  the 
ipialilies  of  hack  woodsman,  linnter,  tiappii,  and 
traveller,  should  unite  to  them  the  rare  (|iialiticatiiiii  of 
a  knowlcdije  of  the  laiii,'ii.iL'es  of  the  Indian  trilies, 
tiii,'ithi'r  with  the  fniiliy  ol  a  i|uiriiij,'  their  confuh  nee 
and  friendship. 

It  is  with  pleasuie.  llnrefore.  that  we  turn  to  the 
pa^'csofAlr.  I'aul  Kane,  w  ho.  althoUf.di  his  travel- date 
now  some  time  hack.  Imldly  ell'ectid  his  way  hy  lake  and 
liver,  hy  )irairie  and  rocky  mount,  tlirinigh  forest  and 
mai'sli,  and  over  ice  and  snow.  Iri  ni  'Joionto  tn 
Virtoria  ami  hack  again,  fmni  the  waliii  Milley  of  the 
('oliiml'ia  to  the  sterner  climati'  ul  the  I'pju  r  ( 'aiiada. 
It  was  hardly  possihle  that  the  narrative  of  such  un 
extensive  exploialoiy  Jouii.ey  should  not  he  iiccom 
|iaiiieil  hy  some  sllikihg  features,  iilld  We  have  not 
lieen    di>appi>iiiti  d  in  limling    tlieiii. 

Starting  from  Toronto  on  the  I'tli  of  ilnne.  with 
no  companions  Imt  his  porlfulio  aiid  a  Im.x  ol  p.iints, 
hi- giin  and  a  stock  ol  iimmuiiilion.  the  advi  ntiiroii.s 
artist  took  the  most  diiict  n.-id  way  to  Lake  Iliitili, 
and  the  (Inat  .MiMiitoalin  Islainl,  wheie  a  inciting  ot 
-.mill  Indian-  wa- a.-.-emlih  d,  waiting  for  the  atiival 
ol  the  \ex-el  that  was  freighted  with  their  annual 
pii -cuts,  ii.mpiisini,' gnus,  ammiinilion.  .i.xe.-,  kittles, 
.iiid  other  imph  imiils  useful  to  the  Indian.  Iliiehu 
lil'-l    heard   the    Indian  pipe  or  tlai^eolet 

"Strolling  iMie  i  veiling  in  the  vicinity  of  the  ciilii)i,  1 
heard  the  s  Hind  of  some  musical  iiistrninent,  and  when 
iipproaching  the  perlottiier,  who  was  Iviiignndera  tree, 
I  found  tiiat  he  w.isplav  ing  on  all  instrunn  nt  lesemliling 
a  llageolet  ill  con^l iiii  t ioii,  biit  iiioie  hotter  in  lone, 
riii-  in>triiiiieiit  is  principally  ii-ed  \t\  lovers,  who  jihiy 
lor  h. lilts  in  the  viiiniiv  of  their  mi-tii  ss's  lodge.  1 
have  often  listened  with  pleasure  to  this  music,  as  its 
simple  and  plaintive  notes  stole  through  the  Htillut^ra 
of  the  forest,  rill-  lovir  made  no  sei  nt  ot  his  ol.jeet,  hut 
conversed  with  me  freely  iipmi  the  siiliject  of  Ins  love." 

The  power  of  love  among  the  Indians  is  iipially  itH 
foriililo  lu  [Hiet.-  tell  us  it  liius  heun  in  inore  civilised 
cotniniinitieH. 

Among  the  niiineroiis  Indiann  assemliled  at  Mitni- 
toiiiin  was  one  that  pari  icidarlv  attracted  Mr.  Kane's 
attention  Iroiii  his  venerahle  and  distingiiiNlied  appear 
ance.  This  was  Shaw  wa-no»  Howay  or  •' (  die  with  his 
face  towaids  the  West"  He  had  lieen  a  celelinited 
warriiir  in  his  youth,  hut  owing  to  a  loimintie  incident 
had  uliaiiiloiieil  the  tomahawk  and  .scalping  knife  for 
the  peacealile  prolession  of  the  inedioine mall,  or,  ill 
common  pai lance,  the  meromanoer  or  eoiijiiror,  iu 
rtliich  he  had  olilaiiied  great  iepiit<'  among  his  |H'opl«. 

Tlieii'  dwelt  many  years  hehire.  on  the  sliores  of  one 
uf  the  great  lakea,  a  kjaud  of  Ojibewayii.      Among  iLem 


.^^ 


litli  is  coiii- 
liiniliiu,     in- 

,'inlis     ipf    till' 

,t  nuiuu  nl 
ii;  yluulicl  111 
\    Miimitallis 

il(<  |)  viilU  v> 
Is  liiitmis  !•! 

mirnlMiiiiiil 
lilc  liti'.  iiiiil 
lae  uiiiil'|iro- 

IIK  rl  Willi,  HR 
•imii^  aili.-t, 
nt  iiliir  the 
liiipliir,  niitl 
nnlil'h  :ilii'll  "I" 

llclilUI      IlllifM. 

cir  ninCiili  lui' 

■  tiini  til  tin' 
listniviN  ilatf 
iiy  liy  liikf  ami 
\f-h  tMii^t  iiiul 
I  Tiirniitii  to 
viilU'V  I't'  tlio 
l'|i|i<  f  ('iiimtla. 
Vf  111'  Mirli  all 
lilt  Ir  lirriilll' 
\M-  liaM'   not 

iif  ■Ililir,  willl 
linx  lit  ]i;in.l>, 
n>  aihniluiiiii.s 
1  hikr  liunii, 
|.  a  uiritiiin  I't 
till'  iiirival 
lliiir  :iiiinial 
:i.\f>.  ki  lllis, 
111.       Ill  II'  111) 

i.f  iliifinii)'.  1 

■lit,  !lllil  wlirll 

;  mull  1:1    till', 

111  IrMllilililit; 

llll  1'  111  ll'lll'. 

irl>.  wllii  I'l'lV 

,  .-■-    li..li:r.       I 

iiiii.-ir,    as   its 

tllC  Htillui'HB 

il.~  c.l.jri't,  Imt 

..I  liiv  liivr." 

is  i'i|iially  ax 

iiinii'  riviliscd 

l.tid  lit  Maiii- 
imI  Mr.  Kiiiir'n 
iiisiliiil  ajiiii'iir 
'  *)nr  Willi  liiH 

a  wli'limtfil 
lanlif"  iiiriili'iit 
Ipiiii;  kiiil't!  tor 
111-  iii.iii,  or,   ii» 

(•iiiijiin)r,    iu 
j;  lii^  |M*i>l>le. 

slioiTH  111  one 

Aiiioug  lL«ni 


FROM  THE  ATI.ANTIC  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 


S0T 


w.i.s  IV  fninily,  consisting  of  a  father  ami  mothiT,  with  a  self  from  ohsorvntion,  rravleil  towarils  tho  fire,  whern 
{{iiiwn  ii|i  .siiii  ami  ilaii;;lilir,  the  hitler  iiaiueil  Awh-  his  vieliiii  sal  aluiie,  |iii'|i;ii  in,'  liis  rveiiini;  ie|iast,  ami 
mill  way  ;  nr,    ' 'I'liere  is  musie  in  Inr  tiiotste|is."     She    shut  him  fnnii  lnhiiel  a  Inu.      Iliiliii;^  tin-  liculy  .imiing 

exeeeilcil    ill     iieaiitv    the    lesl    nf  the    trilie,   ami    was     smiie  brnshvv 1,  he  timk  |HiMsissinii  iit'  the  eaim    i>|  hi.v 

eagerly  soii;,'ht  ill  mairiane  liy  all    tho    youiij^  warrims    iimrileriil  rival  as  a  means  nf  aic  iiiiiiim  fur    las   h^^h 
of  her  n.iliiiii.      It   was   nut    Inii;;  hetiire   Miiek  eliiek-    ahsiiire,   ami    hasiemil    li.iek    tn   lln'  \illiij,'e,  whiiv  he 
eiKiW,  or  ••  IMa.-k   Kigle,"  reiinwneil   tiir  hi^  iH-mvess  in     ieiie«iil  his  suit  nmre  anlinlly  tliiin  liefoie.  to  the  ulter 
hiittleaniliheiha.se,   hul,   hy   hi.s  a.ssiiliiiliis,  won   her     ili.sa|i|ininlmeiit  ami  ilislivss  ot  A  w  ii  iniil-wav,  w  Jm  >ti'l 
nniliviiled  alfeetiniis  ;  imr  ili'l  she  cnneeal  IVhiii  him  this     11  jeiteil  nil  his  dn  ni  hits  with  iiiili;,'niiti'in,  iin'il,  nrf,'e'l 
faMiiiralile  state  of  her  feelilif^.s,  hut,  in  aiiniilamu  with     liy  the  pusi-ive  eiimmamls  ami  llire.its    uf  her   ]iiireiils. 
the  i-iistiims  nf   her  |ien|ile.  she   hail    nnh^wilnliiiiily   e.\-     she  at  lust,  lin|iiii^  liy  some  arliliie -,iil|    to    ]nit   nil'  tin- 
tiiiLiniiheil  ihe  lilazin;,'  liark  whieh  he  hail  sent   tlnatiiiLT     evil  ilay,   emivinliil   tn   niniie    a    time    wlien  she   wniij.l 
ilnwn  ihe  stream  th.it  i^liileil  ])ast   her   loilge,   ami    thus     reeeive   him    as   her    Im-liaml.    tiiisliiij.    that    her  ln\er 
aeknnwledneil  him    as    iier    iuee|iteil    lover,      ('niifnlenl      wmilil  in  the  meaiiliniei  ri  liii  n   ami  11  seiie  her  frnm  the 
of  lins.se.ssini;  her  heart,  he  ilireeteil  all    his    eniliavniiis     iin|iemhiii;    s.iriilii  e,   ami    enniealin!,',   as     well    tt.s    the 
to  the  |)rn|iitiatio!i  of  her  [larenti,   ami   eaij;erly    son;,'lil     imilil.  Inr  imreasiiii^  aver-inii  to  her  |iei-seentnr. 
how    to    eoin|iens,ite    thoin    for    the    lo.ss    they    wonlil         The   ilriinleil  ilay  at    lisl.  hoviMr,   anivnl,   hut   no 
umlerj^o  ill   reliminishinji  a  ilaiiijhtei-   so   ilearly    InM.l      jnver.  nf  1  miise,  ntnrmil     Littlr  iliil  shr  thii  k  that  his 
Kor  this  |mr|iose   he  ileparteil   mi    11    I0II15    ami    ilislaiit      niaiiL;|iil    iiiiiiiins    !i:iil    falliii    a    pii  v    In   ihe    luveiinns 
hunt  ;    iiml,    while  striinini,' every  liuiilty    of  his    miml     lunsls  nf  llie  fniesl  ;    tnrslill    linpr  Inmlly  din  cteil    Inr 
ami  linilv  ill  I'olleetiii'.;  lrn|diiesaiiil  presents  wherewilli     j.'a/,e    in    ihe   diiiriinii    she    liinl    sun    him    lake  at    Ins 
to  eoiu'iliate  them,  and  slmw  his  iiilire  deviilimi  tn  the     di  |iarliire,   when  all  was  Miiishine  and  pn  >|  1  riive  hap 
ohjeet    of    his    ailoratinii,    their   evil     destiny    Innn^lii      pims.s.      \Vith    inhili)^  eyes  and   a   hiiislin;;    liiart,  she 
Shaw  wa-iins-.snway,  then   a   ureat  war  chief,  in   all    the     saw  tia'  eveiiiiic;   iipjunaeli  that  was  tn   l.iml    Inr   iiie 
priile  of  manly  streni;lh  and  vii^mir,    to   their   eiiinp,  on      vncahly  tn  nni-  she  alihnrred.      'J'he  hridal  raiae,  which, 
ids  return  Irnni  a  war  excursion,  iu  which  he  liail  f;ically     acinrdiliL,'    In    llie    Indian   eiisloin.  had    In  in    prepared 
ilisliiiuui.shc  I  hiliiself  and  spread  his  fame  fir  and  wide      «ilh    all    tin-    m  cis-ary  steri  s   tn  ceincy  the   lulinihcd 
as  the  terror  nl'  his  eiieinies  .iiid  the  bnast  of  hi.-,  friends,      p.nr  on  a  niiiilli's  i-.\i-iiisinn  Inj^t  ilnr  (whii  li  i.-,  in  fact, 
H.iviiii,'  liearil  nf  ihe   trin^iendcnl    charms  nf  .\wli-      llie  mdy  n  aniaue  ei  11  iin  n\  1,  was  alriinly    lyilij:  on  the 
mid  wav.  he  prescnti-d  hi  iiscif  liefore   her,  girded    with      hcacli        Mii;lil    li.id    ci-liie  ;    ihe   nuptial    least  was   pie- 
the  sc.ilps  nfhiseuemies,  and  Inaded  w  illi  niher  tlnphies      paled    -the   last  she  was   In   partiike   nt    in    Inr   lallnr's 
nf  his  victories.      No   -ooiier  did  he   liehnld    In-r,  than.     Indite— win  n.  In  |    the    hridi-was    mi-sini;.  and  1  niisti-r- 
DVercome  hv   her    chirms,    he    dcMiteil    him^i-lf   tn   her     nalinii    Usiiipid  the  place  of  i.'aii  t\  in  the  hridal  ihi-niii;. 
.service,  ami   endeavoured,  hy   every  art   thai     the    nmst      i;a;;iily  did    ihi-y    si  i  k    hii,  with    leiilns    and    shiii:ts, 
pa-siniiate  love  cnnhl  dictate,  to  win   In-r    rcv;aril.      lie     tliinUL;li    iln-    in  ii;hl  1  iirini.'   Iniesls,   Iml    im   aiiswi-rinf,' 
recoil II ted  the  inilili-ri>iH  li.it lies  he  had  wnii,  the  i-iicliiies     si  111  ml  mel  llieir  e.iis.  alllii  liijli  the  >i  an  h  w.-i~  1  niilinm-d 
he  had  >laili  :    he  ilispl.iycd  the    i-n-kiiii,'   scalps    he    hid     with    iinliriiii;    iai;cniess   till    da\lii;lil.      'linn.  Inr   tln- 
torii  finin  the  defealcd  1  iieiiiy  — warrinrs  who  hid  liceii     liist  time,  ii   wa.s  disi  n\(  nil    thai  the  hiidal  laime  VMis 
the  terror  nf  his   u.-itimi  ;   he  named   the    niany   chiefs     );nne  :   ami.  i  nnclmliiii:  that  lln-  I  1  ide  had  a\:  lied  hi-r 
who   hail  siii'd    to   him  fir  peace,  and  at    the  same  time     self  nl' it  to  aid    Iniisiapi-    Shaw  w.-i  ims    ■  wa\ .  ai-i  oin- 
plied  cvcrv  artilice  111  win  the  ;;n,ii|  will  nf  her  paicnls  ;      juiuied     hy    In-i     Innilii-r.    slaiiid    in    piiisiiit    nii    tiiot, 
who,   pp  111  I  of  what  tliev  ciinsidci-eil    tln-ir   d  iic.;lilir's     I'ollnwinif  the  din-i  lion  of  the  shore. 

.,iipcrli    1  ■■inpicst,    listened    to     him     with    di-li^dit,   .iiid  .\llir  ]'incii  dini;  Inr  several  houi-s,  tiny  caiieht  sijjht 

nrncd  her  hy  everv  pei-sna-ive  »r;;iiiiiciit  to  accept  mi  of  the  i-aiinc  ami  its  fair  oeenpant  in  the  distniice. 
ilistint;iiislicd  .1    chief  as   her    hti-lianil,    expitiatiii;^    nil      Incrcasiie,'  their  spud,  they  leaelnil  11  pnint  wliiih  the 

the    liniiniir    such    ail   alhaiicc    wmill    confer   mi    their    cai iniisl    nei-es.saiily   ]iass   round      llere   lln-   lover 

family.  Cmistant,  howevi-r,  tn  her  fust  love,  she  liirmd  swam  mit,  linpinj;  In  iiili-icept  it;  in  \.-iiii  did  lie 
"  lie  if  c  ir  to  all  the  pr-itcslaiions  of  his  rival,  vlioe  1  ndi-avnui.  l.yi-\ii\  iin-aiis  he  cmild  de\  ise.  tn  induce 
tales  of  cnniiuest  and  IiIo.kIv  trophies  only  excited  her  her  In  -inp  and  lake  him  en  hnalil  Id-lialed  hy  her 
ahlinirence.  iis'.lnie    lelnsal,  and   the  viiiniirand   skill  with  wliicli 

I'liit,  nnthin;.;  d  uinted.  and  determineil  lo  win  her  she  plied  liei-  p.iddle,  he  was  ohlienl  to  le1iln|iiisli  the 
either  liv  fair  means  or  foul,  Shiiw-wa-nossoway  perse  piirsuii,  a. id  ii-tnrn  to  the  shore.  He  had  siareily 
Mieii  in  his  siiit,  triistin;;  to  lime  and  aecideat  to  iittiiin  linded  when  a  \  ioleiil  storm,  iiccoin)  iinii  d  w  itli  tlnindi  r, 
his  ohjeet.  The  poor  frill,  now  made  truly  wielched  hy  liiihlnim;.  and  heavy  lain,  cninpillid  the  pair  lo  en- 
lis  nmle\  iatiiii;  pei-M'ciilioii,acconipanii'il  liy  tlicinen.-ico  c-iiiip  for  tin-  niiilit.  Nnlvvilhslalnliii^  tin-  lelipist, 
nf  her  parcnu,  who  were  determined  to  overcmn.  whal  ^In-  cmilinned  Inr  ell'mls  -nlil  the  shades  uf  nielli  hid 
lliev  rc^'arded  a.s  the  leliellimis  nhsliliacy  of  llieii  child,  In-r  from  their  \iiw  The  clouds  dispci-sed  with  the 
at  leniilli  lame  to  the  ics.iliilimi  of  appc-iliiiL;  to  the  dawiiini.'  day,  and  liny  iniitinned  their  pnisii't  until 
;,'em-rosilv  and  Ininmir  nf  her  pi-r>i  ciilnr.  and,  in  lie  ihey,  ai  lenvrvh.  e-piul  the  eaiine  lyini;  mi  the  shore. 
lin)«'  nf  priipilialini,'  his  t'orlK-araiii-e,  in  an  evil  hmii  -In-  Thinkin;;  llicy  had  al  last  iililaim-d  their  nhiei  t.  tiny 
i-onfes,seil  her  I  iiiLT  I  111  risheil  alhctinii  fir    .Mnck  e  t...  k       ipiii-keiied    llnii-sle|is;    lull,  on   enniin;.'  up  In   il,  they 

eiiow.     He  no  snn,,.r  ilisciiM  red  the  laiise  i.f  licr  ie|e.       em  niinieied   a    ti p  lit   wiilves,  ami   tin  ii    In  imr  may 

lion  nf  his  suit,  than  raije  and  Jealousy  look  tnlt  p-s  well  lie  i-oucei'.ed,  oil  iliscnvi  rilii;  the  1111  ailis  nf  tllO 
ses,siiiii  of  liiM  lieirt.  and  plans  of  veii'.'e.ince  ripidiy  luini,'  they  loved  alnmst  wlinliy  ili-\  >  iiri-d,  ami  only  to 
miiveedcil  e.nli  nthcr.  until  he  decided  mi  the  assissiiia  Ic  ieiiiL;iiiscd  !v  Inr  turn  iind  scallcri-il  i.'ariiienlH. 
tiiui  of  his  ri\  ,il.  ll-i\iiie  learned  frmii  his  iiii-ii-pccl  Wilh  .icliiii:;  hc.irl,  lln-v  cirel'iilly  (.'athercil  In  r  seat- 
i::H  charmer  lie-  rmile  her  ln\er  had  taken,  he  liai  ki-d  lend  leniain-.  and.  placin:;  tin  m  in  llieeainie.  nliiined 
him,  ami  cuiia-  up  with  Li.s  taiii|i,  unii,  co|ieeallii(,'  him-  ,  to  the  camp,  wliere  she  wiuswept  iiiiii  luourueil  over  for 


fl 


I  ■ 


ii 


1 1' 


.■!««< 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


iiKiiiv    «iik>    liv  lii'f  iliM'oii-i.ilnlc'   iil.iljv  •  ^  iiMil  iViriiils, 

.11 1' I    I   III'IimI   \\  II  ll  ;ill    til I' Illr>  .>t°  lirl'   I  I'll  II'. 

Il  W.I-  i'\i.|i'iit  tli:it  till'  >ii'i\\  >t"nii  li;ii|  lii'JM'ii  till' 
r;ill'>i'  nil  ~li<>l'i'  .  mim!  il  i~  jH'oliilili'  lllil  III  I'  lluiti<ri:iN 
till'  UilullillU'  .1    lii'i'    ll.niii,'    li'i-'iiii'    -iillii'il   with  w.lliT. 

>|||"    ll.iii     liri'li  ili'li  II  II'  I    ill i\    iili'.ill-    III     |ilii|ril  ill:; 

jlcl'^i'jl' Irmil   llirv  l':lMiMiil-  .ihiililU 

Sil.lW    H:l    II   I-  -nW.iy    «.i- -11  llllirll  '.:l'ii  \  •  il    it  till'  IIMM'I'V 

wliirli  lii>  iiii-iivi'iii.il'li-  |ij>-iiiii-  li.iil  liriiii!ilit  M|Hiii  till' 

ii'.jii'l   iiI'IiIn  \\;ll'li|i".l    I..M-,  1  li.H    III'  liillll.'  i  till'  l'l'>"lllli'ill 

"t'  :ili,'iiii|ii|iiii!,'  Ills  vi.irliki'  |iiir~ilil--  .  .iinl.  tlil'mviii','  iiji 
'!ii<   tiiiii.iliaw  l<   I'l   i.M'   lii'i'.'it   Sjiirit,  lli.it   it   ini^'lit    lu' 

'■lll|i|ii\fil    nlilv   ;l-    111     ill>ll'illl|i'llt     iif    iu-lii'l-.    Ill'   tiiiik    III 

:t-  sir^i'i  ihr   niitli-   III'  till'  Il    nil    m  m  ;    iinr  ijiij    ln' 

.   1  IT  :lllir  .111    ilir"ll--i>li'll!  I\    «  Il  II    11  1^  .1  II  I'I'i  1 1   rll.ir.n  I  ■  r. 

l-'i'iiiii   ilii'Cii  ii    .M  iiiii.iiiliii.  Mr.   K: |ii'iii-i- ijiil  1,1 

Tlll'tir  1-I:llii|.  ill  lllr  ^lllll-  li'Irtiill  l..i|<r^  llni'iiil  :ll|i| 
.Mirlliu':lll.  «lliiv  I'.'illl'  (»|!lii'W:n-  .llliI  <>ll:nv:i-  Il  III 
.irrivfil    |.i   I'll  iIm'  I'.'i.iiiMi  i|,i||.ii'.-<  ill  |i.i\  iiii'iit  Im-   I. mil 

i-i'  In  I   t'l  till'    I'lliliil  .■>i|,.ti  -.      Till' Ill  (  M-   III  I 'mv.  ,111.1 

'iiii.i'  ti  l''ii\.  Kivir,    t'.ii'    llii'    |iiii-|ii~i'  111'  \i^iliii,'   till- 

M  lli.llli'i'     llliji.lll^    nil     till'     l.:lUi'  W  lni'li:ll.'ii.       '•I'llr 

iX'liiii:;  |ii'i\  ii'ii>  t'l  iiiir  ill  iv  li.  >i\-.Mi'.  K:ilii'.  "«i' 
^.ivv  ~iiiiii'  I  ii'li  111-  ~|ii.inir,'  ~.iliiiiili  li\  iii_'lil  Tlii-  lii- 
li'.v.iy-  ,1  MTV  |ii<'iiii'i'ii{!ir  ,i{i|ii'.ii'.iiii'r,  iIh'  ~M'iiu'  n' i 
:.'l:iii'  III'  lIn'  lil.i/iii:;  |iiiiii  kiiiil.<  iiini  lu.ii-  m  iIh'  ii-nii 
li;iiiii' iir  li:.'lil  j.ii  k  mi  ihi'  li.m  nl'  llir  i-alim' liiin  \  iii:; 
till'  iiaki'ii  li:,'iii'i'>  III'  ilii'    Ihiii.iii-    iiitii  wiM   I'l'ln'l'  ii{i>iii 

llii'  ilifk  «:itrl' :ii|i|    -iiiiliri-  « U       'oiil   imiiilii'fs  nt' 

li>li  .'III'  kilii'ij  ill  tills  iii;iiiiii'i'.  A-  '111'  lli;lii  i-i  iiiti'iiM'. 
Ihi  :iiiiiM'  till'  lii'.i  I  111'  till"  >|i.':ir-iii  111.  It  I'liii.li'- 
liiiii  t  .  -.1'  till-  li>li  ilUlilii'lJN  lit  :i  v'l'i''!'  ili'|illi.  :ilii|  It 
till- -mil'  I  mil'.  It  ii|i|i.iii'iiily  I'ltliiT  iLiz/li's  nr  .iltrai-l-i 
till-  Ii  11.  Ill  my  liiiyi-li  iliy-.  I  Ilim'  >i'|'I1  :i-  iii.niv 
M.'~  .'1  Iminli'iil  liuilit  jimk^  i.'li'iMi:;  iiliiiiit  tlii>  l!.i\  nl' 
'riil'nlllii.  Mini  li.l\  I'  iilli'll  iiillli'ij  III  till'  >|lii|t.  I'll!-,  I 
•ii|i|iii-i'.  I'.iM'  nil'  .ulilit  iiiii;il  iiiti  I'i'-t  III  till'  -I'lin- :  -n 
I  lilt.  ;i  tiMii:.'li  vi'iy    I  ill -I  «  iili  iii\    |iiii_'  .1 1\  -  |i.i'|i|iiii,' 

I  -Mt  iliiwii    iy  iIh-    till',  .'iinl    «luli'    iii\   i|iiiiMii    \\,i- 

1 kill'.'    .-.illli'    li-li     III    :i    »('i/i  iii.-X- — I  II  I,  111   r.l-lli'Hl.     I'll- 

«i'  111. I  111-!  I. Ill-  k.'iil.      I  iii:i  II'  :i  >ki'ii  'i. "  (."I"  |i  ;i;t!>  . 

Till'  I'lailiT  will  I'.ill  t.i  111  ill!  I  till'  .ji'-. -ill  it  lull  ilivi'li  iif 


I  hi 


'ii'lliu'iit    .-aliiinii    li\    tiir.'li  li.'lit    in    Sir    Wulh  i 


~iiitt'>  J,''  ''■iniiiitl-  /.  Inn  |iii'li,i|.s  tli.'lii'-l  riilil|i.ilil.in  111 
.ill   ilht-tl';ltiiill  111    I'.llll  K  nil'-  -ki'Irii   i-  tilMl  -ll|i|i.|i'.|   li\ 

t  '.ilii.iiii  I'.'illi-i'i'  «  Iiili'  II lliu'.'  Ill  till'  -  mil'  i|i-ti'|.  t. 

'(I'll'     I'M'lilli;,'.  '      -.i\-     I'ljiMII      r,llli-i'l',      "«.•    il.'Ii'l- 

iiiiiiiil  In  ifii  iiiil  I'.m  Imui  III.'  .1  -jii  .  i.  ,  .it  -|i  .rr  wliirh. 
|..r  tin-  I'ljilii'iiti'iii     I    im    i.iiilir.-ii    mi    il,i-    -i.|i>  nt'  iln' 

.\tl.iiilii'.  I   liiii-i  i.'i'li'.u •  t'l  i'\|i|  liii       II    ■-:!  ini'lli'il 

nt'  I  iiiitiiiL' ill  II' .it  Ill-lit  .\n  ii'.'ii  I'.iii  ,i''.i  li'il  I'l.i 
lull.'   -tirk,    -I'l'Mh.'    1-   a  liiiiijli'.    I-   I'. in-, I    I    III  ilii'    1 1  'I 

li.ii.il  n\,|'  til,.  1,11   -1 lil.-r.     iiiMi    ulnii    ill"  lilt  II  III  I 

^i'i-|i-  tlif  liiiiiill''  I-  a  -111, ill  ]iriii.'i-iiiii;>  >lu'k,  Ini'iiini'..;  ii 
I'lkmi  «liii'lilii  i'i--t  ilii'  I'llji'  ill  lii'liiv;  Till'  |i.'iii  I- 
lilli'il  «illi    lninilti:,'   |iiiii'  kii'its.  wlilrli.  liiini;  ■^inii'iilr  I 

«  itli  tni'i  I'liHiii',  -111  i|   :i  II  illiiiit  mill  -tint  llu'lit  nil 

I  .iiml,  -liinlinf  lilt  1 1  ll \    -  n|  :iiiy  li.'ii'  tliil  iiiny  rmni. 

Ill  Hint  ijll'i  I'linli,  Mini  lliii.li,..  ill  '11,  Innk  hki'  t».i  li:il|.i 
■I     till'.         Till'   I'illi't      I-     li|n-l     1'1,1'iiill-     t'l    tlln-l'    nil  II  rll- 

ti'llllil    In    ll,  MIri  -l||'|il  is,  ,1  ,,,,.  v,.|  y  | |,.     '|'|„.  |i|.,t   (i,,,,. 

M  il.'fl'  l-lllli-  IIji  Mini  In  li  .  li  ,ll  l,|\  ll:,'l|l,  1  ill'l'H  ll|i  lll\ 
fill'-    an Ill-    »i'll     .1-     I      Hl-     ,l|,.'.      I'nl'    I     ||,|      |„|t      illl- 

I'li-lii'tiv   tmi'i-  ll,,'   liiii'   ,.i'  i,,s    .,._.|,i.   ;,|,1 ._,|,  ,i,„,.k...l 

ttilli  rluilk      I  |.';,ii   wi'  M<l"|'l  wli,ii  ■■] iiii:>  ullil  ,lii,'ks 

'iv  iiii'lit    III    I  ii;.'l;iii.l).   .iiiil    iir.,1;    |,i,t    mv  lii,|ni.-ltiv(' 

l.ll.k      lii'lllnii'il     n|V    lin-,',it|i,.,l,     ;,-    ,||,1     Mliillli-r  ,.t    Wlli.ll 

I  linii  .-1  inli  i,,l,K   I'.ii,.  .||,,|  ;,!-,,  il,,,f  1,1^,1,1, 


"  AFy  iVii'iiil,  Imui'Mi'.  Ii;ii;;,'i' 1  nm',  » lii'i','ii|iiin  \vi' 
IimIIi'iI.  Mini  liiuiii','  li^ihliil  mil'  liir  in  m  iiiii'  ,-|int, 
-iiirmiiiili'il  liy  ■.•i.int  liii-.  -at  il..\\ii  liy  i),,'  -iil,'  n|'  ji. 
Mini.  Iiill,'i|  liy  il-  ,li,','ili  I  i'i;i.  kliin,'.  iiiti'i'iiMti'ly  dnsnl 
.iiii|  I'll  itti'il  till  I  liir'ji.i  iii\  ili-M{i|iiiiiilnii'iit  III  iMilln!; 
Ill  |iMii  liiiiit  lin:.  mill  i'mii|i.i-i'il  my-ilt'  in  -Inji,  Mv 
iniii|i  iliinii.  liiiwi'Vii',  liiaiii;;  killiil  III-  ilirf.  wm.s  in 
Lti'i'il  >jiii'ii-  Mini  I  ilkMiiM'  ;  Ml  liinliiii,'  il  iiii|,i.s>ilili'  tn 
liMlk  III- rniiininnii'Ml  i\  1'  liiininiir.  I  mn-ril  iuvmII',  Iv 
lilliiiu' Mini  llu'litiii'.,'  iii\  |ii|ii'.  Mini  iiiMili'  ii|i  iii\  ihiml  In 
ii-ti'ii.  '  Wi'll  nnv.  1  Miw,'  >Miil  111',  ■  llii-  |iMn- 
liiintliiL.'  i"  Mil  Mliiii:,'lil  V  ll  iiiui  mii-i  -ml    nl'   tliiiii;  ;  inlv 

In  think    mi     wIimI     1im|i|ii'Iii' I    In     ih,'    MmJi'I'mI tthis 

tliiir  i».i  yi'Mi-,'  ,\l\  n  I'll  r,  imi-t  knmv  iln  ,\|;  jor 
111  i|i|i'-t|iin    hnl    tli,il     I Iiin:;     liiiak  l.i.-liil     \Mlli    n-.) 

'It'-     lint      tm:,'iitlill     M't    .     Wi'      llli'      hllll      ^-liil     nlinllt     It." 

■Will.  I  i'i'|ilii'il.  •!  I'i'iiii'iiiliri'  Mill  mIIihIi'iI  In  -miii'- 
llllll,'    lIlU  llim  nili','  «  hi    h   hnl     li.l|i|ii'iiril    In    liilii.    ihiit 

.-I'l'lll'il    In  Mil'  I'l  Mlllll-i'    y    <ll    lllU  'h      ninli'    lliMll    il    Mlllll-iil 

till'  .M  lim','  •,\!iiil-ril  hllll''  hi'  .A.lMinii  il.  'Will 
li'iw,  I'll  ti'll  ymi  ilii'  «li.i|i'  (ii'ii  ii'kl'is.  Mini  il'  Mil 
tlilnk    it    nn:;ht    In    hui'    miiih-i'I     lilii     1  11    imI     iii\    IimI. 

Mini  lIlMt'-  ,1  I'mi'I.  W.'il  linw,  Inl'i'  '_;ni'-.  .Mmlll  llii, 
tlllll'    IW.l    M'lr-.    till'     M    li    ll'    I   ikl'S    il     llll'i    hi-    hi'Mil    In     L.''l 

'lilt  |i,(n  liiiititi:;  ;  II  1,1  hi'  ii'Vi  r  «  i-  at  im  tiiin  aliv- 
llilli:;ii|    .1   hniiii'i'  111  11  .    u  ly-.    Iiiit     hi'    i.'nr-    nil,'   il.iik 

iiiillit.  Mil  1  M-    -;iiii    I-    ll"   -1    i.'l  iiiiiu'    n|i"n     liiin   ihn 

I'yi'-i  lit' .1  linn  tMi'iiilini  In,'  Innk,  In'  iIi'mw-  hi-  luail' 
(.l/c///!'  .  -1','lit  .if  I'i'l 'I  'ii|iiM  hill,  ami  ilnun-  hiiii. 
I'll '.^I't-  111  itli'i'.  Mini  nil' 1  Hull'  \\a\  -'Thai  inii-i  lir 
till  .jni'.'  tiiinki  til"  ,\Iain|-.  Sn  hi  liiMils  ii|i  aiiiiiii  ami 
Mw.i\  ll"  '_''ii  -  Mil.  T  lii'i-,  all  I  -n.iii  rniiii's  ii|,  lining;  h'  r 
i^iiii.  t'lnk.  ;;ni'-  111-  litli'  MLTMin .  iiiiil  he  ilnwn-  hi  i 
Inn       Will    h"  th  iii.'ht    h"  hail  jil.iyi'il    llii-  llinn   -n  Im 

III  iki  -  hi-  «  iv   ! iiiIm'?*    iilinsi'lf  a  >l  llT  iliiiik.    alnl 

mil  I. I'll.  .Ill  I  in  III"  nnii'iiiii','  slnrls  a  riiii|'li'  nl' iii'.':;i'i'-, 
with  an  nhi  hm-.'  I"  liiiin,'  linini'  lli"  imal.  lint. 
Ill  Imlil  ynii,  iii>  tnlin.-  nl  ili"   ihii-  .   ..-n  hn  l."  i-  ntl'hini- 

-I'lr.      llnl     «llill      hi'     u'n'.     In    till'      I'lai'i'-      hnlv     .Mli,-i-'  — 

what  slnnil  1  Im  ,  .-I. ill.   Mini    .-till    lulmi'  him.  I  nt   his 

lii'Millil'ill    lilniiil  III  ii'i'  |iliiiiiim'il   ii^hl    l.itwiin  till    I'M, 4. 

iml.      mIkiIII       t\\i'lll\        .-ti'ji-      rillllnl.       till'      In.ll       Inn.      ,|,,||| 

'  iiiiil:,'li    tlii-i  linm  Mini   im  Ini-I.ik" 

.\||'.       KmIII'        ll    It        Tnlnllln       nil       M      -li'i'l   l|      Ml.il       |i    ll^i   |' 

i'liirimy      ill     I- ||'iii.^      "iih     (Inviiimr     Sim|.-i.|i     mi 

th"  '.i|ii  III'  .M  ly.  I.^i'i,  Im-  >:  nil  Si  .Maiir.  in  mihi' 
1. 1  I'lnliirk  111  till'  I'l  iL:a.|i'  i.|  laims  whnh  li.iii  hit 
I.M'liiin'    i-niin'    linn'    |.ii\  nm-ly  (>\viii:.'    in    lariniis 

i|i'l,n-alll  liil-.l'Kril'lll'i'-,  111'  ihil  llnl  alli\i.  hn\\,.(i.|', 
ll     Kmt     WilliMiii    till    th"    ll  ly    iili.i'    ill"    1  liijailr  hail 

-t   ll'ti'l,     Mini     llMil     I    1     liMTlak"      thmii     ill    ;i    llL;hl    l.ll , 

«lii.'li  111'  llnl  111  Mlimit  till  li"iil-  Tim  I  i  ii|,ii|i'  rnin 
-i-li' I  lit' iliiin  caiini-,  with  <li;lil  imii  in  i  .n  h,  iiinh  r 
'll  il':.'i'  nt'  a  iji'iit  l"iii  111  iiMiiii'il  I. aim  Tim  im  n  wl.n 
n-lliliy  «n|'k  tills  IniuMih'  nt'  rallnrs  all  hiliil  at 
I.  ii'lilim.  ami  ale  I'alliil  "  In  mjiiii  -  ili-  lanl.  '  m-  h.-n  ,  n 
I- iti'i's,  iiimni:.'  ihi'niil  liiinl-  in  tlm  iiili  linr.  Sniniln.w 
tlmy  nil-  iiiii.|nal  t'l  i  nrniintriiiiL;  tlm  iliHh  iillirs  in 
I  nh'llt  In   a    \,.\  ['H'    Ci'iiii     I  aihiiii'  In  tlm  inniilli  nrihi' 

t.'niiiiiili  a.  ninl  lii'i-mim    ali I     i-ki  hinii-    \\     tlm    tilim 

tin'y   I'l'ii'll   ihi'ir    I'i'-liliiln.li,    ihlniijh     tlm   ll  li.i  m 'ulahln 

|iril.ltiiill-   ,llrl    hll    l-hi|i-    limy     hiM'    I Iil',;n 

Tin-      |ir.i-|i'--     nl      th-     I    llim-     11{I     till'     IIMI'    I-.    MSWO 
illM'llilnl II,     illli'l  I  npliil    I'M   I  y     ll    "      I l-li\      I'lllt- 

.lu'i'-.  Till'  l''.i  I-.  mm  nl'  «iii.|i  i-  imIIiiI  ■  \|..iiiil.'ilii 
I'lifl.iu'i'.  .Ill'  sinl  III  -il|-|ia--  I'Mli  llin-c  111'  N,  ijua  il. 
|iii'liil'i-i|iii'  lii'aniy.  Tir  illlimnjli  liir  inl'iii  .r  i  i  \n|iiiim 
.'I'lMitir.  llmll'    hiii,'lii    I-  imaily  iiiii.il.  .iinl  tlm  sri'iinv 


Iirri'll|">li     wi' 
■A     liur     .sji  .1 

II'  >\<\i-  i<\'  ii. 
ii.iii'ly  iIo'-kI 
111  ill  Hiiliiii; 
,    .1,.  |,.       Mv 

ill  rr.     \\:IS  ill 

i|ll|  ,   -iMr  l.i 

,1      II. \    ill.  I.V 

||l\     Ihilnl  111 

•  llli^    I'illl- 

iliiii;^  ;  I'lilv 

Jul'  mI'I'IiI  I  Ins 

«    I  111     Miijor 

111       Willi      IIS.) 

ill    111... lit    it." 

Ir.l     I..    <1.|1IC- 

ti.    liiiii.    lli.'it 

.:lll    il    :illlll-i  il 

1.        -Will 

V     llll'l     il'    \  .11 
I'Ml       IIIV     llilt. 

.M.i.iii    il.i~ 

is   jlillil    1..    -.1 

no  liiii.    Miiv- 

i.r l,.iU 

jl.lll     llllll    ill.' 

«,  lli>  l.lllll' 

il'.U  11^      llilll. 
'I'ImiI    IMIl-l    llr 

ii|i  :ii;;iiii  iiimI 
II).  thrill..;  11.  I- 

III-   lll.W  ll~     11.  I 

ii>  liiiiiv  ^..  111' 
ill  ili'iiik.  mill 
ij'li'  ..f  iii.."^i'rs 
'  nil  lit.  I'liit. 
'  i,'..r>  I'll  liini- 

Ml.M.'  — 

llllll.  I  lit    Ilis 

II     till      1W,<. 
1       I.....       1I..I.I 

,1    111,. I    I.  II..'.  r 
Sill  |.-.  II     i.ii 

H'.  II.  I'TiliT 
Il      ll.ul      l.l't 

I..    Miri..iis 
M.  lii.«i'M'r, 

I  I  i;.';iilr  illlil 
llL;l.t  1:111. 11', 
ii:;:icli'  11.11- 
1  :l.  ll.   Illl.l.r 

II'   null   \vl..i 
I.     liiii.l    lit 

I,  ■  ..!'  I.:..-.  11 

K..III1  ll"« 
111.  nil  11  >  ill 

ill  l.l'lll.l 

\  llll'  tlllll> 
iin.i\.'i.l;il.l>i 


MM. 


I  _.. 

\.  r  i~.    1-  «(> 

II  -  l.v    l'..il- 
'    M-'uniiiin 

I'  \,  ij  11:1  il, 

III  M.lllllli' 

ill.'   -ii'lirl  V 


"O^iJ/fViiu'^ 


nil 


.  i.l.\.\l    1  IM     IKI  1^  Ul    ■•'U.NUKA. 


I  'I 


I. 


FROM   TFIE  ATLANTIC  TO  THE  PACIFIC, 


371 


mimminling  tlirni    itit'iTiitcly  iiinrn  wild   lunl   roiniiiitic. 
Ilcri'  Mr.  I'liii!  KitiH'  li'll>  iis  ii  talc  (if  Ijuinir. 

"Jiiiii  \sl. — \\  r  |p.i>*Mil  down  till-  JliMi'  '  Mnciiu,' 
wliciT  tlirrr  .\v  xiiiif  Im  Miitil'iil  ntpiils  auil  t'.ills.  Ili'iv 
wi'  It'll  ill  witli  llic  lirst  liiiliaiiH  we  liuil  iiiit  simi' 
li'iiviii;;  the  l..ikr  111' till'  'riiiUlMiinl  I.xIiiikIs  ;  tliry  hcit 
called  '  Siiillli'iiux,'  liciiifj  a  liiiiiuli  of  llic  Ojihcwavs, 
wliipsc  laliijii  i;,'!'  llii'V  x|"'ak  with  very  >li;,'lit  Variatimis. 
\Vi>  |iiii'i'liasi'd  I'kiiii  an  Indian  man  and  wniniiii  scjiim' 
ill'icii  »liiri;riin.  Tlir  li'iiiale  wiAv  a  raMdt-skin  divss  ; 
tlicy  Wile,  as  I  al'tuiwards  learnt,  ennsidereil  to  lie 
eannilial.-^,  tlio  Indian  tiTin  tor  whiidi  is  "  \Vei'iidi>;i),' 
(ir  'One  wild  eats  linnian  llesli.'  Tliero  is  a  Hiiper 
stitidiis  lielief  anion;;  indianstliat  the  Weendi^oeaniiot 
1*  killed  liy  anything  ^ho|•t  of  a  silver  Imllet.  I  was 
inlornieil,  on  ^^imhI  authority,  liiat  a  ease  had  oi'eiirred 
here  in  whii  h  a  father  and  daii^htei'  had  killed  and 
eaten  six  of  their  own  family  tVoiii  alpsoliile  want.  The  ' 
story  went  mi  to  state  t  li.il  tliey  then  eiieani|ied  at  some  , 
distance  olf  in  the  \ii.'inity  of  an  ohl  Indian  woman,  ' 
who  ha|i|iciieii  to  lie  alone,  her  relations  having;  ^'oiic 
out  liiintiii^.  Wieiii';  the  father  and  daiii;liter  arrive, 
iinaieom|ianicd  liy  any  otlier  memlier  of  the  fiinily,  all 
iif  whom  she  knew,  slii'  lie^'an  to  silsjieet  that  sonii' 
t'oni  play  had  taken  |ilaee,  and  to  teel  a|i|irchensive  for 
lier  own  salety.  I'ly  way  of  |ireiantion,  she  resolveil 
to  make  the  entnincc  to  her  lod;,'e  very  sli|i|icry,  and 
as  it  was  winter  and  the  Irost  .severe,  shi"  |«)Ui'ed  water 
rcpeatiilly  over  the  ground  a.t  fast  as  it  froze,  until  it 
rta.s  covered  with  a  mass  ol  smooth  ice,  and  instead  of 
^oing  to  lied  she  ri'iiiained  sitting  up  in  her  lodge 
watching  willi  an  a.\e  in  her  hand.  When  near  mill 
night  she  licald  step.s  advancing  cautiously  over  the 
criuking  snow,  and  liiol,iiig  lhiiiiii,di  the  ci-evice.s  of  the 
lodge,  caught  sight  of  the  girl  in  the  altitude  of  listen-  I 
ilig,  as  if  ti>  ascertain  if  the  inniales  were  asleep  ;  this 
the  old  wdiiian  feigned  iiy  snoring  alouil.  'riiewtlconie 
soiiml  no  .sooner  reached  the  ears  of  the  wretched  girl. 
tliaii  she  ruslied  forward,  lint  •'lipping  on  the  ice,  fell 
down  at  till-  entrance  of  the  lod^'e,  whereupon  the 
intended  victim  sprang  upon  the  niurdere>s  and  luiriid 
the  a.\e  ill  her  jiraiiis;  then,  imt  donlitiii"  Imt  the' 
villninoiis  fillicr  was  near  at  hand,  ~he  Med  with  all 
speed  to  a  distance  to  escape  his  Vengeance  In  t!ie 
meantime  the  Wieiidigo  father,  who  was  impalicntly 
wailing  fur  the  e.xpeilcd  signal  to  his  horrid  repast, 
crept  lip  to  the  lodge  and  I'alled  to  his  d  in:.diter  ; 
hearing  no  reply  he  went  on,  and,  in  pi  ice  of  the  dead 
liodv  of  the  old  woman  lit' saw  his  own  (laughter,  w  hen. 
hunger  overcoining  every  other  tilling,  he  s,iv(  I  his 
own  lite  liy  de\  Hilling  her  I'cmains. 

■'The  W'eendigiies  are  Imiked  upon  with  superstitions 
dread  and  horioi  hy  .ill  Indians,  and  any  one  known 
to  have  eaten  hiim.in  llesh  is -111111111  il  liy  all  the  rest,! 
as  it  is  supposed  t  h.it,  h  i\  ing  once  tastcil  it,  they  would  | 
do  .so  again  had  tiny  the  i.pportiinity.  They  ale  oliliged. 
theref  e.e,  to  make  their  hiih^'es  at  some  distance  from 
the  rest  of  the  Irilie,  and  the  ihildnu  are  jiartii  iilarly 
kept  out  of  their  way  :  however,  tiny  are  not  molested 
or  injured  in  .iny  way.  Imt  seem  rather  to  he  pitied  tor 
the  injseiy  they  must  have  endured  liefme  they  coidd 
lie  liioiiudit  to  this  state.  I  do  not  think  that  any 
Indians,  at  le.isl  nolle  that  1  have  ever  .seen,  would  eat 
his  feilow-creatuie,  except  under  the  intliieuce  of  star- 
vation ;   imr  do  I  think   there   is  .iny  tril f  Inili.iiis 

on  the  North  .Vniericaii   continent    to   whom   the  word 
•annilials  can  he  propeily  applied.  ' 

\Vitli  the  exception  of  the  rocky  passes,  I  he  great  river 


Kaminislaipioiah  is  desciihed  as  meandering  thrutighon* 
III  the  liveliest  valleys  in  naiiiie,  yet  It  is  only  n  hunt 
ing  ground  fur  Indians.  Kiiiiher  up  is  the  lirHt  of  u 
.series  of  lakes,  which  constitute  the  most  remarknhle 
feature  of  an  extensive  district,  and  which  may  Ixi 
designated,  after  its  ci'iitral  and  largest  sheet  of  water, 
the  Winipeg  District.  The  water-parting  liilwoen 
till-  triliiitaries  to  the  Winipeg,  and  those  to  Lake 
Superior,  is  alternately  roiky  mid  swampy,  and  lakes 
are  soon  met  with,  one  of  the  tlrst  of  which  is  ilesig- 
n.ited  as  the  Lake  of  u  Thoii.sand  Islands.  Most  of 
these  lakes  appciir  to  lie  very  shallow,  as  is  tliu  cii-e 
with  Winipeg  or  '•.Mud  "  Lake  it.self,  and  the  sanio 
character  of  cnuutry  extends  to  Hudson's  Hay;  tl.o 
Indians  lieing  known  as  the  "  .Mas  ka-gaw,  or  Swamp 
Indians."  |)ucks  so  alionml  in  these  marshes,  that  tl.e 
Indians  shoot  as  many  as  forty  liy  tiring  at  them  in 
the  water,  and  rapidly  lo,iding  and  tiring  again  whilst 
the  lluck  is  cinling  round.  Vast  i|iiantities  of  \vhite 
tish — sturgeon,  pike,  and  other  lisli — are  also  taken  in 
these  lakes  and  rivers,  which  further  alioiiiid  in  a  tish 
that  emits  a  strange  sound,  and  somewhat  resembles 
the  Canadian  lia.ss. 

The  two  largest  lakes  lictween  Lake  Hii)iorior  and 
Winipeg,  are  liaiiiy  Lake  and  Lake  of  tlie  Woi  ds, 
round  which  dwell  the  Saiilteiiiix  Indians,  and  tin- 
.sieiiery  of  which  Is  .said  to  he  very  lieautitWl.  'I  he 
liiver  \\  inipeg  itself  is  descrilicd  as  lieing  liroken  liy 
niiiiieiiiiis  rajiiils  and  falls, .nid  as  heiiii,' one  of  the  most 
pictMiesi|ue  rivers  met  with  on  the  whole  route.  This 
region  is,  however,  at  times  visited  hy  a  sad  scourge. 
For  full  a  liiindreil  and  tifty  miles  the  trees  were  found 
to  lie  literally  stripped  of  their  foliage  liy  myriads  ol 
green  calerpill.irs,  which  had,  indued,  left  liutliing  but 
the  hale  liranches. 

I'esides  the  Winipeg  River,  wliicli  is  <ine  of  tho 
highways  to  the  west,  tile  lake  of  the  .same  name  is  fed 
iiiore  to  the  west  liy  the  Red  Hivei,  well-known  for  its 
iScotcli  .settlement  This  nosv  niimlH'rs  three  thousaml 
inhaliitaiits,  livini;  as  farunrs  in  great  plenty,  so  far  at' 
mere  food  and  clothing  is  i-oiicerned.  hut  having  w. 
market  nearer  than  St.  I'aiil'.s,  cm  the  Mi.ssi.ssippi  river, 
a  distanct'  of  nearly  seven  hundied  miles  over  the 
\  airies  The  half  lueeils  were  more  numerous  than 
the  whiles,  ami  amoiii.ted  at  the  time  of  Mr.  Kane's 
visit,  to  six  thonsaiid.  They  all  spoke  the  ( 'ree  lan- 
guage iinil  the  Lower  Canadian  patois.  These  half 
lireeds  are  a  very  liardv  race  of  men,  capalih'  of  endiir 
iiig  the  greatest  hard-hips  and  I'atigiies.  hut  their  Indian 
propeiisitus  pridnmiiiate,  iind.  consei|Uently,  they  make 
poor  larmei's,  neglei  ting  their  land  lor  till'  more  exciting 
pleasures  of  the  cIimm'.  (Ileal  liiilliih'  hunts  take  place 
twice  .i-year.  and  hence  this  .settlement  liius  become  the 
chief  provision  depot  of  the  lludson  Hay  Company, 
ami  the  place  wlieiice  the  main  storis  of  peminican  or 
piinmikoii  (pre.sci\ei|  Inill'.ilo's  meat)  are  priH-iired. 
There  are  forts,  judges,  aid  cmiit  hniisis.  Itoiiiaii  Ca- 
tholic and  I'rolestaiil  iliiili  his,  and.  altogether,  lioiii  a 
view  given  of  it  by  .Mr.  U.ine.  the  .settlcnieiii,  which 
we  have  heard  so  niiidi  for  and  .■ii,Miiist.  appears  to  Imi 
tlourishiiig,  and  tu  possess,  frmii  its  open  character, 
i|iiiti'  an  old-ci'iintry  air  iiliiut  it. 

Mr.  I'aul  Kane  joined  one  of  the  huH'alo  hunts 
from  this  place.  Our  artist  himself  took  the  atliiir 
very  coolly.  Joining  in  tho  pursuit,  lie  camt 
up  with  a  large  hull,  which  lie  had  the  sati.s- 
faction  of  bringing  down  at  the  first  tire.  "  Kxcited 
by  my  success,"    he    goes    on    to  relate,    "  I     thivw 


I 


«72 


ALL  ROUND  THB  WORLD 


down    my  cnp,  himI   t.iinn|iiiijr    oii,  muhi  put    n  Imllrt     'I'liat  I  liml  l.st  my  way  wili  now  coHuin,  and  »:<  it  was 

thri'iigli  iiiinilicr  ciMiiihoim  aiiimiil.      Ilr  ilid  fhii,  Ik.w- 

I'M'i',  fall.  I'lil  sl<i|i|><   I  Aiu\  t'ai't'il   riic.  |iiiuiiii,'  tln' oartli, 

hcllowin:,'.  ami  u'l'ii'iiii,'  >.i\a:.'ilv  at  nii'.      'I'lii'  lilmul  wa.s 

Ntii';iiiiiii;{  |>ni|'iis('lv  liMiii   Ills  iiiiiiitli,  ami  I   tliiiii;,'lil   lie 

ttdiilil  ^Miiii  iliii|i.      The  |Ki-<iiiipn  ill  wtiirli  lie  s|m,.iI  was 

wp  liiii'  lliat  I  rciulil   iiip|    iisist   till'  ilisiic'  i.l'  iinikint;  a 

.ski'li'li.       I  it('>'<>i'(lilii:l>    <li»iii<iiiiilril,  anil  lail  jlinl  nuii- 

mriinil,  whrii  lir  .'.upIiIi  iilv  iiiaiU' a  ilasli  at  iiir.      I  li.ul 


raining'  liaiil,  i  cmilil  nut.  sri'  tln'  sun,  iM>r  liiul  I  u 
riini|<itss.  I.  liitut'sir,  ili'trrniiiiril  to  lix  u|i>>n  una 
ri'i'lain  naii'M',  itinl  ki'rp  lliat  ut  all  lia^taiiln,  in  lMi|ii'ii 
thai  I  ini;<lit  I'l'arli  tlii'  AMslin'lHiine  Itivir,  liy  t'nlluw  in^' 
wliirli  I  riiiilil  not  tail  In  ii.k  li  iiiir  Hcttlriiinit.  Atlcr 
lia\i'!liii;{  in  Mill  ri't.iHily  Im'  tin  ur  tu>  l\i'  iiiili  >.  I  liail 
ut  li'ii;;lli  till!  sjktintai'liiiii  III'  irarliing  tlir  iimi, 
ami  in   tun    limirs  iil'ti'rHaiil.H    I    arnvnl   ^a^l'   at    t'lut 


llMII, 


li'a^in:,'  my  gun  ami  iMiylliiii;;  lUi'  lirliiml 

I,  al'trf  till'    hunt,  irMliiMrs  \a.-l    ^llalllllll•s. 


lianlK  liiiii'  ti)  s|ii-iiif.' nil  my   linfsi' and   i,'il  away  finiii     'iariy.      Tlit'    noxt    iiiniiiinjj    I    liaiiuil    llial  my  ^jiiiilr 

had  lirrii  lirniijjht  in  liy  two  inrli  wlin  wrir  liKikilij;  for 
slray  Iidi-ms.      'I'hr    |iinir  frlluw  had  j;<'t   ia|iidly   vmii-m- 

It    was  riiMi'i'd  with    tlir    drad    and    d\in;{  aniiii.iU,  i>l'    aftrr   my     having;,  and    had   iiiily     pl'iirridt'd     a    Hlimt 

dlsialirit    tt  lii'ii    111'    was    ri'iiiprlli'd     tii    Ktup.       Ill'    only 
siirvivrd  tw(i  day^i  afiir  his  arri\al." 

I'hi'  start  tiiiiii  ihi'  Jtnl    Itivi  r  Sittlriiiriit,  I'lliiiid 


whirh  ihi'  half  liii'i'ds  dislriiy  at  li'ast  tliiil  v  tlmiiivind 
aniiiiallv.  Till'  wuini'ii  wi'iv  s.-in  lai>y  oiittiim  tlir 
(li'sh  intii  slicrs,  and  liani'lni;  tliiiii  in  tlir  >iiii  mi  nu  ks 


to   inakt'   pi'iiiniii'an.      At    iiii,dit    wolvi's  and  half-wild     on  .Mr.   Kanr's  ntiii'ii  from  hi.s  liiitlalo  hunt,  \\a-  iiiado 


do;;s  cli>piitid  tin'  olliil  aiiioiiu'st  tlii'insilvi-.s. 


with  all    till'  .i|>piirli'naiirr.~>  of  ri\  ilisatioii.      1'wo  small 


Mr.   Kaiii'  had  had  iiioii;.;li   of   Initial')   hiintinj;,  as  a    .sloops    ply   nunlarly    armss    Ijiki'    Winipi'H,   liitwi'tn 


liialtir  iif  liiisinrss,  and  ili'lrriiiini'd  to  st.irt  liark  aloiir 
for  l'""rt  (!arn.  lakiiif;  w  itli  liiiii  ii  sirk  ;,'iiiili'.  Tiny 
ti-.ivillid  till'  lirsl  day's  joiiriii'V  of  tlir  :.'<iil  mill's  with 
"tlirir  fai'rs  ovir  llnir  ^houldrrs,"  watiliini;  loi-  Sioii.x, 
who.--i'  niiirdrrmis  I'ommj;  tlii'V  rvt'i-y  inomii't  antiii 
pali'd,  I'll'  fortiinatrly  mi't  with  nothing  Imt  a  grrai 
niaiiv  stray  iloijs  and  wolvi's,  whiili  apprand  to  In'  hd 
oil  liv  till'  .sri'iit  of  till'  drad  r.iri-.isi  .s.  On  thi'  third 
dav  tlii'y  an  ivi'il  at  till'  pli'iLsant  slaj;i' 
Ijiki',"  nlioiit    fourtt'i'ii  milfs   arros.s. 


till'  lii'd  liiviT  and  Norway  lloii.si'.  WliiUt  rrii.ssinj; 
tlir  laki',  tiny  toinhcd  at  nil  island  that  wa.s  lititally 
ro\  I'ifd  with  ijiills  and  prliran.s,  and  tlifjr  igfis.  I.akr 
Winipi'^'  is  .srparatid  floin  l'layj,'ri'rn  l.aki'  liy  a 
L'lirii  plain,  whii'li  till'  ^wamp  Indians  liripnnt  to 
play  tlii'ir  uaiiii' of  liall.  Tlirsi'  Swamp  Indians,  inliii- 
liiiiiii;  iLs  tliry  ill)  li  vrry  M'Vt'i'c  ilimati'  and  a  riido 
rr;;ion,  iiro  diniinntivi'  in  stature,  and  vrry  low  in 
■Till' Swampy  inli'llrrt  and  mor.dity.  .A  ir^'iilar  romniiinir.ilion  is 
rill'   middli'    ill'     kipt  up  lirtwrrii  Norway   lloii.sc,  wliiili  is  siinntrd  I  i- 


this  tlii'V  irai  lird  at  siinsi't.  Iiiil  lii'ii'  tin' i^'iii'li'  lii'r.init!     yolid    tin'    limit    of    a;,'ririiltiiral     prodnrr.    and     York 

ttor^i'.    and    tln'V   win'   i'oiii|M'ilid    to    halt.       "I    siir       Kai-tory,  in  llinlson's  l!a\. 

ri'i'drd, "  Siivs  .Mr.   K.ini',  "in   liiidin^  a   small  dry   fpot  l.«'a\  iiii;  Norway  Jlonsioii  August  iMli,  lhipart\, 

alioM-  w.iti'f  lari;t'  i'nou;{li  for  mi'    to  sit  upon,  but  not     aftrr  I'Xpfri.ririni;  a  storm  on  tin'   shallow  and  muddy 

laki',  fill  1h  ihi'  mouth  of  tin'  Sa.-kalrhrwaii.  i.r  Ituw 
IiImt,  iiii'l  iirli  has  rapid-  and  iMirtaf-rs  at  tlii' very 
onset:  in  oihi'i'  pluci's,  liowrM'r,  tlie  ri\rr  I'Xpands 
inlo  l.ikrs,  and  llii'  slion  s  ^ui'  tiat  and  inarshy.  J'rn 
n'l'diiii;  iipwaids,  till'  lianks  liicoinr  Imldi  r,  and  wiri' 
roMi-i'd  priiii'ipally  with  pini'  and  poplar,  tin-  lattt'i' 
tit'i's  spriiiyin;;  lip.  it  is  -aid,  w  Inri'Mr  the  fornirr  am 
iMiriii'd  oil.        Folt  ('ailloii,   whiili  is  Will  di'frndrd,  on 

ai- lilt   of   the   Warlike   ihaiaitirof  its    nl■l^lllloUl> — 

the  lilaekteet   Indians — is  liiiilt  in   ii    nioii' open   sjiaec, 
amid    these    dense    ma.s.se.s    ol     unlirokin    loiest.      'I'he 


atloiding  room  for  my  lei,'.s,  '.vhieli  had  to  remain  in 
the  water,  there  lieiiii;  no  more  room  in  the  small  >aii 
than  w.is  neiessaiy  for  the  .-.iek  ni.in.  Ilaviii;,'  no 
me.'ins  for  eookini;.  I  was  eompelled  to  eat  my  drii'l 
meat  raw.  I  tried  to  eompose  myself  to  .sleep,  ImiI 
foiiml  it  impossdili',  t'roni  the  n>\  riads  of  luo-ipiitoes 
whieli  ap|iiariil  dc  tern.ined  to  e\l  r.iet  the  l.ist  drop  of 
Mood  from  my  liody.  .Mter  liattlinu'  »illi  tin  in  nnlil 
four  o'eloi'k  next  moriiin<.'.  my  eyes  almost  lilinded  liy 
their  slinks.  I  went  in  se.ireh  of  the  hor.ses,  wliieli  had 
straved    awav    to    .some    distame    into    deeper    water. 


templed  liy  some   sort    of  j^ra.ss  i;rowin^  ihert'.      I  had     (,'rees,  who  are  moit-  friendly  with  the  whites— nio>t  of 

to  wide  up  to  mv  mid'lle    in    pursuit   of  them,   and    it      the    h.ilt  I'f Is    lieinjj    the    eliildreii   of  ('lie  women  — 

Were    al'le    to     keep 


was    not     until     nine    o'eloek    th.it    wi 
priH'eed. 


w.ir   wall    iiliieinlllini;    perse\eiaint'    on    tin 
lilai'Kti'et        .Mr.  I'aiil    K.im.  in  reliirn  for  the  ei\  ilitie; 


He   now    proreeded   aloiu',  leaiiiii.'   the   puidp,   who  [  wliieli  wire   sliowii  to  him   ai    the  ('oni|iany  s  station-, 

says  a  word  or  two  in  tavoiir  of  that  old  and  (ili-olete 
iiistitiii  loll.  I  ipeniiiu'  the  trade  with  the  Indians,  he 
argui's,  to  all  who  wish  imliseriminutely  to  enf;a;;e  in 
it,  must   lead   to  their   iinniliilation.      'I  his   would   hi 


felt  lietler  .  lull  In;  hid  not  proi  eeded  tar  In  fore  he  en 
ooiiiitered  swampy  l.ikes  that  aliouml  in  this  leu'loii,  and 
render  Irimlliiiu' ixlreinely  ditlieiill.  "I  had  nodouiii,  " 
he  relati'.s,  'ijoionu  wroni;  tiiii'k,l'or  in  eiide,nourin;{  to 


ei'oss,  my  lioi'si"  ipiiekly  sunk    up    to   his   mek  in  mud     t,(iiil\   lie  deeply  re',;iettis|,  if  a  eirrreet  induelion.  whii  h 
and  water.      •S'liiii'  that    1    eould  neither  advame  nor     wedeiiv.       Has  the  semi  liv  ilisatioii  of  the  Indians   in 


reeeile,  I  dismoiiiitisl,  and  found  ni\.self  in  the  .same 
pridiealiieiit,  searcely  alile  to  kieji  mv  head  almve  the 
siirf.n  e.  I  iiiinaL'eil,  however,  to  reai'li  the  dry  land  : 
and  with  the  l,i-so  or  huij;  line,  wliieli  every  Voyai.'iiir 
in  these  p.irls  imarialily  lia.s  attaehed  to  his  horse  s 
lieek,  Kueieeded  in  ;;iltin^;  the  animal  out.  1  re- 
nioiinted.  and   endi  avoured  to  cros.s    in    another  iliree- 


tlio  Inited  Slate-,  or  tlio  New  Zealiiiidils,  led  to  tlieii 
I'.xtinetioii  liy  sin. .11  po\,  liy  aliir-e  of  ardent  xpirit.s,  or 
liy  peiseiiilioii  (  ll.is  it  not,  on  the  eoiitiary,  pre 
served  them  from  all  tlie.se  i'\  lis  I  Could  the  Indiali.s 
lie  in  II  Worse  eomiilion  than  tin  y  are  In  re  repiesenti  d 
U)  lie,  under  the  p.itioiia'^i'  of  the  llildsoii's  Itay  Com 
pany,    in    [lerpetiial    warfare    with    one    another,  whil.st 


tioii,  liut  with  no  heiter  siu'ees.s.  I  now  found  mvsilf  the  t'omp.iliNs  aiienls  are  only  aide  to  hold  their  own 
-111  loiiiided  on  all  sides,  as  far  ji.s  I  lould  see,  with  liy  Wills  and  pii  kits,  hy  muis,  liliindi  rlms-es,  and  euii- 
noililij;,'  hut  swamp.  .My  hor-e  relii.-ed  to  he  ridden  |  noii  '  The  liudson's  Itay  (.'ompaiiy,  as  fir  a.p*  civilisa- 
.iiiy  further.  I  had,  therel'ore,  to  di-mount,  and  ilra^  j  tioii  and  improvement  of  a  eouiitry's  lesouries  iirt 
him  aloiii;  a-  In-t  I  eould.  wailinj;  up  to  my  Very  i  loneermd,  is  the  yie.itest  sham  that  ever  e.visted. 
iiuddli     in    mild   and    water   alioiinding   with    re|)tile.s.  |        I'aitl'aloes  iH'gin  to  ubouud   beyuud   i''ort  Carlton, 


'  :i 


PROM   THK   ATLANTK;  TO  THK  I'ACIFIC, 


■is  ClMll-'ll- 
liirn-s    art 


tlic  r|i|nr  liiiw  liivcr.  '\'\\r  lliiliiiii''  ciitrli  tliriii  liv 
ill'ivilii;  lliifii  iritii  |Miiiiii|-.  riiiii|i<>M'il  III  lii'js,  .'iiicl  I'M'ii 
willli'tillics  iif  lillllilliii^  IiiiiH''-  piliil  lip  lolljlily.  Till. 
liMliiillH,  wivi  Mr.  KiiiK',  ili'^li'oy  iiiiiiiinri'ilili-  Inil 
liilDfs  ill  tint  iniiiiiiri,  ii|i|iiiri'iitl\  lorllii'  ini'ii  |iIimsiii'i' 
111'  (111-  tllillt{.  "  I  li:lM'  IllVirll'  -,1  en  Ik  |>i>llliil,'  lir 
rcllltfs,  "~ii  |ii|i'i|  llji  witll  (Inil-  ilisiil  i;i|i  :|>i;s,  lliiil 
I  I'liillij  si.ii'i'i'lv  iliiiiL;itii'  Imivv  till'  ilK  ^>.^ll^l'  riiiiM  liiVr 
riiiit.'iiiii'il  llii'iii  Nsliilr  living'  It  u  Imt  iiiiii^iimI  In 
ijrivi'  ill  Mil  iiiiiiiv,  lli;it  tliiir  ii;,'iiir;.':iti'  Imlk  linio 
ijiiwii  till'  Imi'I'Ii'In.  TIhti'  lur  tliiiii^iiiiil'  III'  ilii'iii 
iinniiiilly  killril  in  llii^  iiMiiini' ;  l>iit  n<''  mii-  in  Iwcnly 
Ih  ii~ii|  in  .my  uav  liy  liii>  tiiili:ili^.  su  tliii  ilimis mils 
HIT  li'lt  til  lilt  wIhti-  tliiy  I'.ill."  Till-  yi'iMi  i|iii'stiiin 
llmt  |iri'wnts  iis.ll'  lini-  tn  tin-  rcllfit  iiii;  mni  I  is  —  Is 
it  |iiissilili'  iliat  till'  ^inir  himl.  wliirli  tii'ij-  ~mi  li  innii 
lliiil'.ililr  Ih'I'iIs  111'  uilil  I'li'lli',  is  iiira|iiili|i'  nl  iirliii;  n^ 'il 
fur  nlll-'r  |ilir|iisc>  I  for  llir  li'liriim  nf  t  ilnr  rutllr, 
mIii'i'Ii.  mill  Imi'si's,  fur  rxiini|ilr,  if  nut  fur  u;{l'iiMiltiilMl 
|iili-siiils  (  Arc  till'  ImiH  viilli'Vs  uf  tlir  l'|i|iir  mihI 
l.iiwi'r  lliiw  Itivi'i',  mill  tlir  vust  jihiiiis  niiil  MMvk  lilir 
jiriiirirs,  wiili'iril  liy  llnir  triliillarii'H  — llir  S^i^U.-ililii- 
Willi  111'  I'liiw  l>i\  I'r  ili^iriit,  us  it   niiylit   lie  «i'll  i|i>i:; 

n  itr  1  — K I   fur  mil  liiiii;  liiit  lis  a   Imnliiiu'  .'riiiiinl   tor 

(III-  liiilixii  ml  till' ImIi  lini'ils  f  Shall  tli<'  luri'sls  tur 
rvrr  sliillrr  liiMIs,  wiilvi's,  iin>l  iitlicr  111  Vir  aiiiiiriU, 
wlmso  skins  till'  fur  il«'aliin{  imii  su  i  nvi't.  a-,  liki'  ilii' 
I'i'rsiaii  witr.i|H  iif  iilil,  til  I'liti'i'laiii  llii'iii  as  Imnlini,' 
|iirk«  ami  |ii'i'si'rM's  (  Amisliall  llir  (luwn  v  |irainrs 
ill'  l.ii-  iMr  ■.'JMii  11)1  til  ihr  |irairii'  aiiti'|ii|»'s,  ilir 
iaryir  iliiv,  llic  niniii',  ami  tlir  linlfilu  f  Mr.  I'aiil 
Kanr  liiiii-irif  ilcsirilirs  ilic  wlinli'  uf  lliat  i'\irnsi\i' 
region   wliirli   lirs   lii'twci'ii    Kurt    I'll  I    ami    Kclinuniuii 

llimsi' — II  ilislaii if  MiiiH'   ttvii   Iniii'll'i'il    iiiilis.    aiil 

wliirli  it  tuiik  tlii'iii  ti'ii  ilays  tu  travel  over — as  cum'IiiI 

'Mill    lilllfaliirs. 

"  We    siiw    iiiitliiii:,'    liiit     tlii'.sf    uniliials.'    lie    miys. 
"ruvrrinj;    tlic    plains  ii.h  lar   as   tin'   ryi'   nmlil    i'  "\\. 
'iml   so   iiiiiiicriiiis    NM'i'i'    lliry   lliit   at    tinii's  tliry    in 
pi'ili'il  iiiir  pl'ii:,'irss,  lilliii'.^  till'  air   witli    ilnst   illniust   |.> 
Niill'uiatiuii.      We    killi'l    uiii'    wliriii'Vi'r   we   waiili'il  a 
-iippK'  uf  fuuil,  si'li'i-tiin;  ilii'fittrst  uf  till'  I'uws,  taking' 
iiiily  till'  tiin','iiis   ami    Imss  ur   liniiip   fur   unr   piVM'iil 
iiiral.  ami  nit    liunli'iiiin;  uiirsi'lvc*  iinni'ci'ssarily    willi 
111  111'.         'I'liiw  tlir  praitiri'  uf  t  liu  « iiitcs  is  tin-  saiiii'  as 
llmt  iiftlir  lialf  liiri'ils   ami  uf  tln'  lii'liaiis,  a   runsiaiit 
waiti' uf  till'  siipi'iiliiitics  uf  a   liunnii'inis  rruvnlinri'. 
.\iii|   yit   is    this  saiiu'    icL;iiiii   ih-s.-rilii'il    as  "a    niust 
i|i'lii;liifiil  riiiinliy.  nurrnl  ailli  luMiriaiit  lirrliaL,'!'.  'hi' 
pl.iiiis  liriiii,' iiiaimlli'il  with    lluwirs   of  varimis    kiinls, 
pr.-.inliii;;  iiiuri'  llir  aaprrt  uf  a  gar'lt'ii  lliiii  uf  iiiuiilti 
v.iti'l  laml."      Ami  il>i'\\  lii'ri'.  "  As  I    wishcil  tu  ^iv.'  a 
ilriic'ial  ill' I  uf  till'   liriiily   uf  till'    sri'iiiiy    whiih    lirs 
■ill   iiluii;;   till'    liaiik.s  uf  the   Sa»kati'ln'».iii,    fium   this 
puint  tu    Kiliiiiintuii,    1    nat    iluwii  an<l  iiiaili'   a    ski'iili. 
till'  nst   uf  till'  pirty  pruniisin^  tu  w.iit    fur  nic  al  tin' 
ri'i's.ini;  plari'.      It    wan  thr  rniiiiiiriiri'ini'iit    uf   liiilim 
.siiiiiinrr,  till'   rvi'iiiiii;  was    vrrv    tiin',  ami    thri'w    thai 
pri'iiliar  suit  warm    liazilii'ss  over  tlir  lainlsrapi',  wliiili 
is   siippiiNi'il  tu  pfucci'il   fruiii    till'   liiirnin;;   uf  tlir    iiii- 
mi'iisc  praiiirs.       Tin'  slrcpy  liiillalui's  nia/.in;;  ilpun  tlii' 
umlilialin^  hills,  hrir  ami  tlirri'  nlirvi'il  liy    ililinps  i<t' 
Hliiall  trri's  till'  iiiiliriikriistlUiirs^.  ainl  llii'  iipprii.ii'liin<{ 
fVi'iiini;.  rcmlcri'il  il  allu;^('ilii'r  a  siTiir  •<['  must  rmlimi 
iiig  ri'|Hisi'."      What  can  he   inure    invilint;,  what  iiiuic 
Arcailiaii  fliaii  such   a  piiliiri'  (      Ami  as    tu  the  capa 
hilitics  uf  the  siiil,  .Mr.   I'aiil   Kiinc  himself  .says  uf  Furl 
I'iti,  "  ^'niin  ami  other  priKliico  iiiinht  lie  raised  ph  nti- 


873 

fully  lure  if  ciiltiviiteil."  It  is  uliviuiis,  tin  n,  thai  such 
a  ri'i;iiiii  will,   when   iiiti'icunimiinicali m  is   esial.li.Hheil 

heiwien    t.'aimilii    ami    lirili-h   I '"luiiiliia     lii me    the 

seal  uf  a  ll'iiiri^him^  ciiiiiiiinnil y .  u|  ciiltiMiliun  ami 
pasiiiral  wealth,  ami  ul  a  pruspeiuiis  cumiiiercial  inter- 
I'liiirsu.  It  is  iinpiissilile.  iilniu^l,  tu  u\erratc  its 
resoiirees  ill  cirlain  puints  i,|  v  h  w  ;  the  mere  csti- 
malliill  uf  lliclll  wiilllil,  imleeil.  leinl  one  ilitu  till' 
ihinni'r  uf  heiiiu  lascil  with  exim;.'eriitiiiii. 

I'hc  parly  were    ileiiiiiieil    at     Kiliiiulituii,      wliiili     is 

w  h  il   the  1 ' paliy  eulisiiler  tu  In-  a  liiixe  i  stalilisliliii  lit. 

Iieiir,' ill.  resilience  uf  i  chief  pastui mill  del  k,  wiili 
fully  ur  lil'ly  imn,  wiih  their  wives  ami  .  Inlilrcii. 
aimiiiiitin,' altiiijether  tu  al.iiut  a  hiimlriil  ainl  thirlv, 
wlmall  llM'  within  the  pickets  ul  the  furl-  until  tlie 
litli  of  tt.iiihcr,  a  rather  late  nciiuil  ul  the  \e,ir  nt 
wliicli  tu  ell'eel  the  passage  uf  the  Itucky  .Muiinl.iin- 
'I'lie  parly  ciiii>isieil,  in  this  fnrllnr  piirtiuii  ol  the 
juiniiey,  ul  .Ml.  I.aiic  anil  his  wile,  a  yuniijj  clerk,  a 
|iersiiii  naiiicil  .M'(  iilli\  lay,  iiinl  sixlei  n  nun  I  lic\ 
hail  wiih  thein  sixty  tive  liurses  to  (iniy  the  ha^ipine 
.mil  piiiN  isimis.  This  may  seem  a  lar;;!-  niiml  er  uf 
liul-ses  fur  sii  small  a  party,  hut  I'Mliiuiituii  was  the  Inst 
pust  at  w  liicli  they  c.nilil  j;et  ii  Mipply  of  piuvisioiis  on  the 
cist  siile  uf  the  iiiunniains  At  this  puint.  also,  li.iviii^ 
the  Kuiil;  (ira^s  I'r.iiries  with  their  iniiniin  rahle  l.nllii- 
lues,  lii'liiml  them,  they  were  (jlini  tu  vary  their  piuvi 
simis  liy  iicca.'iumilly  shuulin},'  wild  ;,'ei  se.  'I  he  cuiintrv 
was,  however,  swalnpy  ami  Wmnleil,  anil  ihcii  piujiiess 
eiinsei|iiently  slow.  Al  Kill  As-iliel.uinr  Im.  ealleil 
fi'iiin  the  iieiuhliuiirin^  Imliaii  triliei.  they  ti.uk  In  ihe 
lioats  aij.iin,  irixclliiii;  slowly  ii;;tiinNt  theciirreni  i  n 
the  l-lth  il  lie;.'.in  to  snow,  ami  suun  iiflerwaics  n  e 
lie;,'ui  tu  turm.  Ihe  liaiiks  ul  the  river  were  still  lliiklv 
ii'vereil  with  pine.  liy  llic  L'llh  all  the  |iinils  ami 
slill  waters  will'  tru/iii    IimhI   ciii.iujh  tu  hear      (hi  the 

uHlll    ihey    h.nl    the   lir^t    \  iew    i.f   the  sniilillie  anil,   appa- 

leiilly,  enillc»s  chain  of  llie  limky  .Mumtaiiis  lii  m  the 
liuat,  an.l  ihe  nnii  yrieuil  them  wiih  a  Inarly  rlieer. 
'I'hc  aliniisplieic  was  at    the  liiiie  cliar.  Iml  very  cohl. 

On  the  1st  uf  Nuvcnilier  the;,  inli ml  .l.ispii's  Lake, 
the  winil  li.'vvlini;  ilisniiilly  lliruiif^'li  a  |.;ap  IuiimiI  hy  a 
pei'pi'iiiliciilar  link  nil  the  uiie  siile,  iiml  a  iiiuiinlain  on 
the  iiilier.       Alllliiii;{li   they  were  now  at  the  foot  ul  the 

miiiniiaiiis,  tl nnlry  was  still   pine  i  lail.     The  forest 

was  cumpusiil  ciilircly  of  very  hiyh  pine  tnis.  small  in 
circiiinfi'ii'm'i',  ami  i.'i'""'ii^  thickly  toi,'etlier ;  these 
hail  .1  'cry  ciirioiis  apjicarance  in  the  storm,  as  they 
w.ive  I  III  llic  winil  like  a  lielil  of  ),'rain.  The  imim  n.se 
luiiij  routs  seenieil  to  l.e  especially  pl'iuiileil  I. y  ii.it lire 
tu  prevent  their  Iniii','  hliiHii  liver;  anil  as  the  soil 
is  M'l'y  li'.'ht  mill  upon  a  lucky  fuiimliitiun.  llicse  roots 
luniiiil  a  net  wmk  mcr  lie  sinface,  whiih  was  in 
cunslant  molioli,  ami  lockeil  the  wi.ny  \iiya;;eis  to 
sleep  as  they  lay  luiiml  their  eainp  tires 

.\t  the  lit'iiii  of  tlie  lake  was  .lasper's  lloii.se:  a  station 
uf  three  mi.seralile  lui;  hiils,  with  Sume  Iniliaii  wiewams 
aiuiiml.  Here,  liiiwcMi'.  ihey  pi'i'i'iireil  suiiie  niiiiinlitiii 
sheep.  This  pust  is  only  kept  up  fur  the  piirpo.se  ut 
siipplyiiii;  liiiiNcs  tu  pirlies  ciussin:;  the  inunntaiiis 

They  starteil  hence  nil  the  ""til  uf  Nuvenilicr  with  a 
c.i\.i!c.iile  uf  tliiiiieii  liiaiieil  lioise.s,  aftt^r  layiiij{  in  ii 
-luck  of  siiuw  shi.c^.  I'lieir  wav  lay  now  someliines 
uM-r  iilm.ist  iiiaic  s-ihli'  crags,  ami  at  uthei-s  tliruiigii 
llluuiny  ami  taii^'leil   furests.      Ami    as    they   (Icscenilcd 

I  the  sliuw  incieised  ill  depth,  ami    they    felt    the    eirects 
of  the   iiicre  isiiiLi  cold  very  keenly.       Ihe   only    livini; 

I  thiiie-.  which  iliey   s.iw   weie  a  few  inuiintain  goats     ( >n 


174 


ALL   ROUND  TUB   WOliLD. 


,'i'  ' 


the  1 1  til  tlify  wiTo  ipl.lijfi'd  to  tiiko  (o  tlirir  hmowhIhx'*, 
iiihl.  iiM  limiiy  will'  iicnircH  to  tliriii,  |irM;;i('HH  was  iit 
tinit  very  piiiiifiil  and  vtry  hIhw.  Mr>i.  I.iifir,  wlm  Ii.kI 
Im'i'II  acciislniiiicl   III  tlicir   iimc   truiii    liff  cliiMli I.  ;it 

Itl'il  liivrT,  tunnel  Hill  nni'  of  llll'  liCft  |pnll'>lli;lll^. 
Tlii'y  Imd  111*)  1(1  ciiniinii  cm  tlir  hiiow,  linitiii),'  down 
till'  xrlciti'il  H|iiit  |iiTviou»ly  till  il  would  li.'ur  a  innii 
on  till'  Kuitiuf  willioiil  siiiUiiij,'.  Tin'  tin'  was  kiiidlril 
un  lo;;s  of  yri'i'ii  liiiilicr,  ami  llic  Ix'dn  wi'i'i;  iiiiiilu  of 
|piiit'-liran''li(«— all  al  ki'  ali'  laid  on  hiiow. 

(Jii  till'  iL'th  of  Novi'iiiliii'  till'  |iaiiy  ariivid  al  tin- 
^mall  Ukr  known  as  lln'  ( 'iiiiiiiiiilii''H  I'un.liliow  1.  tin' 
itir*  of  whiili  Mow  to  till'  Allial'aMa  and  Ihiw  KIvit 
oil  tho  (ino  sidn,  mid  to  tin'  Oo'ni' t'in  on  tlif  oiIht,  or 
to  tile  All.inlii'  i'a>twaid,  and  to  iIh'  rarilir  \vi>|waril. 
Ili'iii'r  is  iIm'  s|iot  ili'sinnatrd  lus  tlir  Hi  iylil  I'f  Land — 
the 'I'lialwi'i,',  or  WatiT- Parting  I'll''  ''k''  luini,'  li'ozi'ii 
oMT  lIu'V  walkrd  iirrosH  it,  mid  slioilly  afltr  com- 
inrlii'i'd  till' a.sci'lit  of  wliat  is  culli'd  llir  (iiiindi  Colo, 
after  liavili;;  Ihtii  st'Vi'ii  iIhvh  roiiliiiuallj  asiriidiiig. 
I'niiki'  till'  ascriit,  tlic  (li'Sfrlil  wds  so  Hlt'('|i  as  lo  1.'  n 
work  of  jiri'at  ililliciilly  in  miow  slioo.s  ;  lail.  on  iln- 
ollnr  liaiid,  il  only  took  tliriii  a  day  topi  down  to 
nriirly  tlir  salni'  li  vrl  as  llial  ol'  .las|i(rV  IIoiim'. 

A  distri'ssiliK  I'itvilinslaliri'  liad  lakrll  |ilair  lnrr 
soiiio  Vi-al-s  |iri  vioiisly.  Whilst  ii  |iai'ly  wen  aiii'rlidiii^ 
litis  tiioiintain,  a  lady,  wlio  was  I'lussini}  to  mci'l  Inr 
liusliand.  Was  in  tin'  pir.  and  it  was  iiol  ii'iiind  nniil 
llH«]iarly   liad  «inatiiiird   lliit    slii'   was   not    roiin-  up. 

Mill  wi'ic  instantly  siiit  imk  ln.mi'k  Inr.     Aflil  s 

Iioiirs' scaiili  llicy  found  Inr  trai'ks  in  iln- .-now,  wlmli 
tlii'y  follo'Ai-  i  until  lliry  lainr  |o  :\  |ni  pi'inln  ill  ir  n  •  k, 
ovi.rliaiii,'ing  11  rniiniiif^  lorrmt  :  ln'ii'  all  tr  ros  of  InT 
wi'i-d  lo-t,  iiinl  InT  liody  was  iiovi-r  foun  1,  liolwith- 
slalidiiiL;  rvi'iy  I'.M'rtioii  was  niadi' to  liinl  it  l.illlo 
d'liilit,  IniWi'ViT.  w.aild  cvisl  lait  that  sin-  had  l<,sl  InT 
way,  iiiid  liail  lalh  ii  omt  tin' liriii|ini'  into  tin'  toifiiit, 
wliirli  would  liavn  <|tilikly  liuiiiid  In-r  int  <  iliasius 
wli'i'i'  till!  foot  of  nii'ii  r.uil  I  not  ria' li 

'i'lin  iii'Xl  day  thry  rrachrd  tin- ( '.iliitnliia.  wlirro  it 
v.a:;  .ioiiio  .si'Vi'iity  yards  inioss,  with  a  vrrv  rapid 
."iirrrnl,  and  tiny  had  to  f.jril  llir  ri\ 'r  no  T -s  ilnin 
loveiitrt'ii  tinirs  in  tlin  I'l  iirsr  of  tilt'  il  ly's  joiiriny.  Il 
was  tin-  satni"  tliinj;,  or  nithrr  won-i'.  the  imxt  dav 
Mill'  l.'ithi.  wlii'li  tiny  h.id  to  ilos.-  iln-  riM  r  thittv - 
si'vuii  tinns,  and  that  win'ii'  il  was  ilri|i  ami  rapid, 
and  t'liriiinlii'ri'd  with  tloaliii;.'  in'. 

'I'liis  W11.S  ocrasiont'd  hy  Ihi'  Coluinliia  at  this  |Miiiit 
making  lon^  rriuhis  to  and  Iro  throU;,'li  ii  vallny,  which 
was  ill  Hiiiiu  parts  tliri't'  lnili'.s  widr,  iind  l.arkrd  wild 
stiipi'inloiis  inounlains  that  nand  lln-ir  sin.wv  toiw 
ahovi'  the  clonds,  and  forinrd  hire  iiiid  tlnii  iniiniiisn 
jtlft' ii'ps,  ri'thctini;  tin'  ra\s  of  tlin  sun  wiih  ixliiinn 
hrilliaiicy  and  pi  isimiii,'  luaiily.  The  la-l  part  ufthc 
route  |:iv  Ihroiiyli  a  .slimy  hike  or  swamp,  fn'/eii  over, 
init  Hot  -iiirnieiitly  so  us  to  hear,  .so  thai  tin  A  had  lo 
wade  alpove  their  knees  in  a  ill  lisi'  mass  of  siiirw,  iee, 
hipI  mud,   there    Ipi'iiii,'   no  Mieli   thing  us  a  diy  sp't  t-i 

atford  a  iiiomeiit's  respito  fr the  .si.areely  endiiraUr 

■veri'y  of  tin'  i-v  I  '., 
At  let! I," h  li'-evrr,  they  nrrivrd  at  I'.oat  Kiipainp- 
liniit,  almost  peri-liini;  with  eohl,  hiiiii.'er,  ami  lit  i:,'ii.', 
Hndlierethiy  ol.tiiined  Ipo^is  Ipy  wlinli  t..  i  tliet  the 
fiirthiT  |inpi.'ress  of  the  joiiiin'y.  "  Kew.'.s^y-  Mr  I'.iul 
Kane,  "who  Ipail  this  jiiii  ii.ll,  surnpiimh  p|  hy  lin- 
CppinforlH  of  civili-eil  lite,  will  he  ahh,'  to  iniaume  tin- 
heartfelt  hatistaeti.pii  with  which  we  e.\iliani.'ed  tin- 
wi-ari-vptne  siiow  .shoes  fur   the   I'oniforUble  iKiatjfc  aiui 


'the  painful  anvnly  of  li.ilf  s.ili»lie'l  ap|M'tilis  lor  M 
Well  -Ipii'keil  lai'li  r.  'line  It  waslhal  llie  inniinniaipiti 
r.ipnU  of  the  I  I'liimlija  wiie  lilled  with  d.inL,'ei's  of  no 
I't'liiiiry  I'harai  It'i,  iilnl    that    it    I'pppiPliil    I  lie  eons'iint 

Ii'M  I'l  ise  of  ,ill  ipiir  iiierm  ami  --kill  lo  e>eapt!  their 
|N'ril.s,  lint  wc  now  had  health  and  liii{u  spirits  to 
'  help  lis  \Vi>  Ini  |ppti).'er  II  I  I  III  tod  I'll  ill  r.ollns  fro^tell 
'still'  fiiiii  w,i<liin{  a<'ros4  lorieiils,  hall  I  <inislied,  and 
with  the  e.p|i-i  ioii-m.ss  i'\er  hefore  nslh.it,  whatpur 
Were  our  hardships  and  filigiie,  rest  w.is  sure  i|e..|iiie 
lii'ii  ill  ihe  eol'l  Holilinles  of  lliose  dreary  iiioiinlaiiis.  " 

'i'lnre  were  I -IHI  miles  of  river  helweell  the  point 
while  lliey  iipok  Upat  and  Koit  Vaneoiiver,  whiiji,  in 
>;iile  of  many  dillieiillie.s  and  halts  to  lest  (one  of  llireit 
'l.ivs  lit  Fort  Colville,  and  of  live  davs  al  Walla 
Wallal,    ihey     neeoin'iplished    in     tifleeti   ila\s,    in    Iwo 

:  Ipoals,    foi  I    eaiiot*    l,i-lii<>ii,    with    naiml    Ixitloins  of 

hoanls,  I'linker  hiiili.  'I'liu  rapnis  of  the  (!o|iimlp|;i  ure 
iniiiiineralple  and  daiip'riiiis.  .A  IpppiiI  three  lupiirs  after 
their  ileparluie,  tiny  sli"l  tin  eelelir  I  il  ripiil  "  N'alle 
ih  .Moll  ;"  It  is  alaiiit  tlnei!  miles  loin;,  and  is  the  most 
daliijeious  of  all.  'rinre  are  leiliMe  stories  lohl  of 
tln.se  rapids  ;  il  olilained  its  name  from  the  following 
1  a'ilnl  eireiinisl.iine. 


BEAR. 

.\li  lit  tw.iiiy  live  iir  tliirly  years  ai;o,  an  Iroipiipis, 
a  h.ilf  I'll  111,  ami  H  Frein  h  ( 'aii,iiliali,  liming  iliaii.'e  of 
a  lioal,  li.id  t'pphsc'eml  this  fearful  i.ipid  Fearful  of 
running  ii,lhe\  ntlived  n  long  line  to  the  lioat ;  and, 
l»'iiig  tliem.-ei\i  s  on  the  shore,  llnv  atleiiipted  to  lower 
hi  irradiially,  l»y  iiie.ins  of  it,  oxer  the  foaming  tor- 
I'v^'lit  Thi'  liipat  topik  I  ulie.iiii  ami  ran  oiilviije  ipf  ii 
rK-!c,  unil  nil  tin  ir  elj.its  In  gel  Inr  i'aek,  or  reaill 
ill  I'l'ek  til' IIP-.  I\  'hii'U;.'li  the  Ip.riling  singe,  were 
linaTailini;.  The  rope,  ehaling  <  i\  ihe  sharp  edge  Ot 
the  111.  k.  soon  |pr..lie,  ^iml  she  i|,i-ln  d  down  ;iiinp|,^r  ihti 
whiiliug  eddies  and  hloke  to  piip  e,,  with  their  w  Inihi 
sti'i  k  of  piiivisioiis  on   hoard. 

Tiny    lint ntiliiii'<l    to   follow    mi    foof,    alung    till- 

rugiri'd  end  ilitlii  lilt  hanks  of  the  river,  wilhonl  food, 
L.'iins,  ami  ammnnilion  :  nor  had  they  hei  ii  ahle  U 
-ive  even  a  hlankel  to  pripteet  them  from  the  imle- 
iipeiit  we;iiher.  .V I  iiii,'lit  they  etie.unped  in  a  hliivcr- 
in::  'iinl  famishing  e.n.litippii,  not  having  heeii  aide  to 
siirnio-inl  m.piv  th.in  three  mile,  of  the  uh-iiii  Irs  that 
filiNtrili'led  their  p.issi^'e  al  eveiy  slipalirii;,'  the  lialik  : 
the  ne\t  di\  they  pi.Mieihd  with  no  heller  NiU'CUHa. 
'Ihey  well  knew  that  if  they  const  iiieted  a  raft,  it 
Would  Hot  live  au  hour  in  this  part  of  the  C'ulumbia 


JfUOM    lllK   ATLANTIC  TO  THK   I'A«'IKI0. 


,176 


lies  I'll'  » 
lilllli'llHilO 
If.  ivt  111'  11" 
I,,  civli-'lllll 
>i;l|H!  llll'ir 

1   KpiriiH  to 
,l|,r.slro/rli 

ll.    wlllll>'M'l" 

HIT  ili'slnir 
(iMiilaiii--. ' 
I  till'  |i.iilit 
:■,  wliiili.  ill 
(ciiirol  llilin 
s  111  SV  ill  111 
,\y,  ill  l«" 
I  'iMitliiiiiH  of 

'nlmillM:l  II''' 
)  lliilll''*    lll't'''" 

■,,|,i.l  •'  V.ill.' 

1  IH  till'  nin^t 
Mli.H  I..M  of 
ill,.  t.lll"«i"g 


11^  c  ll.lllil'  of 
l-".;lltul  <ll' 
,.  li.iiit  ;  iiikI, 
,ti.l  t.i lower 
l.iMiiiiii),'  l"!'- 
i,ill>i,lr  I'l"  'I 
„U.  "f  r.'ii.li 

r     >UI^'',     WI'l'O 

'!..,l|l   «'Ik>'  o' 

«  11    IlllliillJ,'     lll« 
1 1    tlll-il     «  il"l" 

■,H.t,    iiluiii;   tilt 
wil  limit    fii'iil, 
lirdi   alili-    U 
rmii  till-  iiii'lo- 
1,1   ill  ii  hliiver- 
ir  111  Til  iililf  to 
,•  .,li>iii<li«  lliiit 
Imiil;  til.'  Iwiik; 
iMiti-r  MU'i'uss. 
cti-il   ii   ril't,  it 
it'  tlio  Columbi» 


Hivrr,  owinij   to  tlin  ((iiirk    Hiicri'SHinn   uf  rnpiilK   tlml  ii  Irip  in  lu'^  tlir  iiiiiiiiiliiiiii  I'lir  ii  Iiihhvi ui  rxriirHioii, 

lull'  liiMi't  till'   ii:i\  ii;iii  lull  :   In   lln^t   slarviiii;  i'iiiiiIiiJmii  ImiI  iIk'v  Ikh'i' nil  I  Imii' l.iliiniin  ainl  liiiiil-lii|i<  iIm  ii'l'iilly, 

tlii'V  riiiitliiiiril   till  Ir  oli.w  |ii'i.;,'rrs.s  ii||   ilic   i|iii,|  ilny.  |M'i'li'i't  ly  liii|>|<)  ill  li('l|iiiijj(  I'm  ll   iitlur  ami  lioiii','  kliiil 

ulii'li  till'  ll  ill' III!  I'll,  Inililiu  liJK  riiiii|ialiioiis  uuiilil  kill  In  llii  11'  i>i|ii|iaiiiiilirt. 

Iiiiii    fill'   llll'ir  liiiiil,    li'l't   tlii'iii,   mill   u.ui    iicvrr   iitiri'         ■'  Wr  li.nl  tu<>  ur  ilinT  nlli,  r  uniiiiii  willi  ii^   ainl  I 

liriil'il    of,    I'lllili;,',     ill    all     |ii'i>lialiillty,    ll    pri'V    to    tlio  lia'l    iii\    il  iil|.'lili'l,  iiluiilt    liii    _Miil'<    nM,    ulii'lii    I    wis 

wolvcH.      Till'   lillii'i'  two   lay  iliiwh,  ami    tlir  liiii|iii'i«.  lakiiiii  limin' l,i  my  m  ilr  at  Fort  Vain  oiivrr.      1  liml  li  It 

uili'liiii).'   Ills  o|i|ii>itiiiiily,   ^'iit    ii|i  lit    night  ami   ln'.il  Iht  tun  or   lliiii' Mais  lirliiii'  nii  llii'   ui"<l  xiili' ol   ilii, 

III-  riiiii|iaiiioii's   lii'aiiis    mil    uilli   u   Ntirk  ;   anil,  ;.'oiiii;  nioiiniaiii.    u  itli  miiih' ii|'  In  r  I'll  itioii",  at    I  was  iiiiaMi- 

to  wnrk    in  a   imllioiliial  iiianin'i'.  attrr  lirst  Mitir-tyin;;  lo  iirlii'.'  In  i    nvir   at    llir   titm'    I    liml   coini'    \Nit|i   uiY 

il-i  1  riiviti','  limii;.'i'  «illi  a  |im  limi  of  till'  lii„|y,  1  lit  tin'  will'.        W'v   liail    iil-n    a    \miii;.'     mail    of  tin'    iiiilni'   nt 

I'Ciiiaimlt'r  into  thill   Nlins  amiiliiril   tlirlii  in  tlir  '<iin.  M'l  iilllMay,    hrlmi^in;.' I',  I  In     I '"iii|iaiiy.  w  itii   a  Miiall 

al'ti'r  llir   niiinni'r  iiiwliirli   liiiHiilo   mi'iit   is   |iri'|iari'il.  i\«n  ;     iho     ri'inaiihl,  r     \m  it     |ii'iiii'i{i.illy      r  i/mi' nrs 

lli'li' hi'  li'iiiiiiiHii    tlii'i'i' ilavs,  iliyiii),'  his  niral,  «liirh  \\  hi'ii    I  raiiii'   liitlnlnail   nj'  llir  i,i|iiiU    I    t'i'iiml  I  li.ii 

hi'  iiiaili'  iiilo  Ik  |ia>  k.aml  ronliniii'd  his  juiii  nry  with  il  tlir  otlnr  lioat  wliiili  riiilaiiii'il  ihr  |iriii('i|iiil  u'niili'  li^nl 

•loun  thii  rivrr  hank  until    hf  innn'  in  ihr  riiinmi'iiii'  jiasstil  mi,    ami   I    thon^^ht.     lliiiilori',    thai    lln     iii|>ii|- 

liii'iil.  ol'   till'   ii|i|irr  lakr.      lli'iT    Im   niaili'  ii   raft,  nn  wrii-  in  a  |ii'ii|iri'   -laii'  Im   niiiiiiiii;  tin  iii,  th,  i  i~,  ilu,i 

wliiili    111'    |ilairil    his  ilriril    iiirat  ami   rnviiiil    il    nvcr  tin'  w  liiil|iiMil>  wnr  llnwiii^   niil    ainl  m,l    lillii  •_',  ulmli 

u  illi  |iin<' li.irk,  Ni'iitiiii{  liiiiisi'll    ii|imi   il  ami    |iii|i|liii;^  liny  il,>   iilhi  nalily.      I.   ilnnliii'.    \m  ni    "ii    uiilmi;! 

ilowii  tin'  lakr  >tM|i|iiii',',  iilnl,  vslnii  in    tin'  iniilsl  of  ihr   iji|,i(U.  « In  ir 

III-    111, I    not   |ii',iri'i'i|i'il    vi'iy   f.ir,    hrfiiri'    In'    lint    ii  tlnri'     «  is    im    |iiisMliilily     mI    h'ayiii;.'    lln     i|i.«iiwa|,l 

lalior,  which  hail  hri'ii  Miit  iVmii  mii' nl' tin'  lials  l»  luw  rmiisi'  ,,1    tin'  lioat.  I  ilisrnvriiil  In  my   ili-niji>   lliat  ihr 

I'll  till' .'^jioki  11  llivrr  in  ijiirst  nf  ihi'iii,  nwiii^'   tn  tlnir  wliirl|inn|    was    lilliii!{.      (  hii'    iiiniiiriit    iiini'i'.  ami    tin- 

Imii;  aliMrm  I'.       lln'   iirw  I'miiiTs    iniiiniliatrly  im|iiiir,l  watir  rni  l,',|   lAir  llir    siilrs   nl    tin'    Imal,    imnnilialrlv 

uliat  hail  1 mill'  nt'his  two  i'niii|iaiiiniis  (      llr  i'i'|,li,',|  lillim.'  Inr.       1  lalliil  out  tnlall  lo  sit  still,  ami  ln>li|  mi 

tint  llii'V  hail  lii'si'ili'il    him,  ;;ivinn,  at    tin'   saimli ,  ctr.nlily    hy    lln'    si'ats,    iis    tin'    Imnl    wmihl    ml     sink 

an  anniint  nf  lln'  |,is.s  nf  I  hi'  linKt.      Thi'V  tnnk  him  nn  I'lilii'riy ,  nwiii'.;  In  tin'  natilli'   of  tlii'  raifxo.  ami  that     I 

imai'il  thi'ir  raimi',  ami  mienf  tin-  iiirn,  si't'ini,'  tin'  liaik  rniihl  j,'iiii|i'  Inr  tn  shmi'    in    this   slnti'.      \\  f  ran  innii' 

on  till' raft,  was  ili'sii'niis  I  t   ^I'liiiii;    it   In   |ilai'r   iiinh'r  than   a  iiiih'  in   safrty.    winii    tin'    hnat    ran    i\ii>r  hv  a 

him    in  the  raiini'.      Thi'   lln,|ii,,is   slmviil    ntf   tin'    raft.  Ii'<li,'i'    nf    incks.       Tlir  li,>laliisl,    who   Inlil    his    will'   in 

with  rviili'iit  siKiis  nf  I'nijfiisimi,  nil  H  liii'li  til,'  nii'ii.  w  lin  his    arms,    mtIii!.'    tlir     Imal     aijimarh     mi     mar    llir 

iintircil    his   I'liiliarras.siin'iils,    |iai|illril    ii|>   In    it,   ami,  I'n'ks,    iii.nli'  a  sinhlin    sjniii;.'   tir  llir   slim,  :    lnil    llir 

lifliiii;  thr  hark,  iliscnvi'iiil    lln-  ilrinl  nnat  hi'inalh  it.  Ii,>il.  liili,!  with  ualir.   Mrhinl  In  llir  ilmiMi    wiIliIiI   nl 

aiiimi);  w  hi' ll  was  a   hiliiiaii  fmt.       Ili'  was  aski'l    li'W  hiiiisilf   ami    wifr.     ami     thry    .s.,nk    rlasjii'il     in     lach 

111-  hail  nlilaimil   tin' ilrii'il   iiii'at,  ami   iT|iliiil    that    he  ntlnr's  uriiis.    Tin'  Imat  was  sinlih  nly  tiirin  il  ioni|i|rlily 

hail  killi'il  II  wiilf,  sw  iiiiiiiiii^'  ari'nss  tin'  river,  Imttmn   ii|iwarils  ;    Init  I  ninl  aimllirr  ii  an  Mnireiliil  in 

The  font  with  III!'  meal  was  slyly  ili'|insiie  I  in   a  hai,'  Liiiiiii','  In  the  lii|i  i,f  Inr.  iiinl  wiie  thus  eariiiil  i|n»n 

iM'loliginjJ  tn  one  nf  the  liii'li.    hiil    Imt    willimit  the    net  s.ifi  ly.       We    tlioili;hl   we    Inaiil    smni'    imi-e   iii^iile    llie 

heiiig    pereeiveil  iiy    the    iiiiinlerer,    who,    whilst    they  li,,.il.    ami    the    man    wlinwas    Willi    me.    I,,  iiii'   a  ;;,  ml 

were  itslee),  iliiriiii,' the    ni^ilit,    threw   the  ha:;  ami    its  swiiiinier  diveil  iimier.  ami  xnnii.  In  iii\  iiiir\|ii  i  teil  jny, 

e,inteiils  iiitn  the  river.    A|i|iearini{  imt  In  imtiie  their  a|i|H'irei|  with  my  lillle  iliiii;.'hti  r,  w  Im.  aliim^t   mirarii 
jii.'vs  tlii'v  went  tn  Knri,  S|Mikeii  ami  ileliverei   him   ii|i  !  Imisly.  hail  Im'iii  |,i,-,  imiI  l.y  hiiii;;  jamnieil  in  aiiinii;,'sl 

to  .Mr.    .M'Miillali,    the  iier.iiill   ill  eliar^e.   ili'lailiii<{  the  th,'  liii,'u'a'.^i',    .iml    -ii|,|k,i  teil    ly  a  small  i|iiaiilii\  nf  air 

jiartiiiilars.      The  Imliaii    was  slmrtly   afterwanls   sent  whih    h.-el    l,e,  n    im^^lii    l,\   ij,,    I  ,,iit   wlniishe   liinnil 

to  »  ilislaiil  |inst    ill    N,-w   ( '.ileilnnia,  hntli  as  a  |iiinisli  iner.       We    m„,ii    ;.,.!    a.^hnle.       .M'(;illi\ia\    ami    I, air 

iiieiit  ami  tn  j^et  rill  of  liini.  lus   no   I'vi/dyci/r   will    wil  ntlnrs  savinl    ihem-elMs   hy  sw  iinniiiii.',    tin  n  inaii  iiil; 

linnlv  assni'iati;   with   any    mn'   known   tn    have   eaten  fmirteeii  were  ilrnw  mil.      W  e  iiniia  ilialely  inmnn  iinil 

liiini  111  tli'sli.      i  hail   |irevioiislv  (.s.iys  .Mr    I'aiil    Kane)  .si'.iriliiii({    for    the   Imiiiis.    .iinl    .s,,i.n    lernMi.il    all    nl 

travelleil  .s.'Veral  limnlreils  nf  miles  wilh  the  s.ni  nitlie  them,  the  iinforliiii.ite  Imlaiii.st  ami  his  wife  ^liil  Imkeil 

very    liiali,    whn   always    hehaveil   well,  all  Imnuli    lliere  in   eaeh    other'ij    arms— an  iliihra,  e  w  liieli   we  hail   ln,t 

certainly  was    sniiielliiiij;    re|nilsm'  in    his    a|,|ie  ii.inee.  the    hearts    tn   iiiiila.-|,.   hut    liiiiiil    thiiii    as  we  fniiml 

w  llii  ll  wniiM  !ia\e  iiiaile  iiie    ilishke  In    have    hail    liiiii  llniii  in  mie  nmvi-.    We  alteiwaiil.s  liiiimi  .M  ( ,illivra\'s 

for   H    cniii|iiiiinii    in    ii   .sitiiatinii    siieli    as  ahnve    ile-  little   ilni;.   tlimwn    ii|>   ileail    mi  a   .sainlhaiik.  with   his 


mr 


rihe.|. 
The  sti-ersnian  of  the  eaiioe  that  earrieii  y\i:    Pa 


ilv    1,1'lwei  n   Ills  ll  I  ll 


master's  eaji  li.Mil  lira 

Km  I  < 'nliiiiihia.  wliiili    thev  ri 


ll    nil  the  -lltli.  i.s 
ill'  alinVK 


nut     a    III 


Kiiie  tnlil  him  nf  anntlier    melamhnly    neenrenie  llial      il,'s,iilieil    as   heanlifiilly  silnaliil.    al 

h  III  ha|i|ieiiei|  there.      "  .\ li.iiit  fniir  years  ai,'n."  siiil  he,      llie     Kails    ,,f    the    Chauilieie.    i,r    Kellle    Kall.s.    whieli 


I 
Wl 


lell  we    ;;, 


ll  the   llneky   Mmintaiiis  with 
>t  In  I'nit    Hiieamiiiiielil, 


Iwii  iMials  ;    the  mie    tint    I    wis    sleerilii'    h.nl  Iwelitv       Im 


irty  ,,f  forty,     exeeeils    in    heiiiht    any    ntlnr    in    ('nlnmlia.    ami  ile 
iharkiil  in      rives  its  ii.inie  frnni  tin'  rmiml  Imlis  tlmt  the  water  has 
■i|    oilt     ill     the     rneks,      ITsi  lllhiill!.'     il.lllilriilis    lit 


tv.i     nil 


iMiaril.     .\ 


le  interinr  Inr  ll 


niniii;st  them  was  a 
irpnse  of    Iml 


relltll 


man  sent      varmiis   size- 


line    Ihi 


It  ,'iml   ^ll•|it      I'm-  tlin 


illli'lll    l-i'si 


'anil      il.ivs  tniiether.  ami    im|,rnveil   aslniiisliiiij;ly  in   a|'|ii 


into  tl 

On  lii.s  WaV  tn    S  iskaleln'Aiin.    he    hail    fallen    in    with     a On     the    •JItli,     liny    niaile    the    (Iiainl     l;a|,iii. 

.'.  lialf-hreeil.  will)  was  tr.i  veiling  In  emss  i  h,,  mniintaiiis     "  Here,  "  says  mir  Iriveller,  "  I  |iii  fi  rreil  e,  i  iiiii;nnt  to 


iml  ff 


1   L'O  tn    I'nh 


imhi  I  nil  a  visit  In  s,,nie  nf   iier   frieiiils.      w.ilk.  with  the    nlijert    nl    making' 


I'll' lies,  aiiu 


'I'hey  hail  nnt  travelleil  tar   hefnre  a  niiitii.il  alt.uliinent      h.nl  |,rneee,|ii|    marly  thr, ,-    mile-  alniii;  the  slinre.  iiini 


ilili'i'il  them  tn  heenine    man    ami  wile,  at    Kilmmitmi.     tilt  .sunn 


w  liat  a.slniiislie'1  at  not  se"iii! 


;  the  lioats  fi 


lliougli  few  coujili'S  in   the  w<irld  I  think  would  chouso  |  ing,  when  1  nliMirvcd  nuuielhiiig  in  the  w.iter,  which    1 


w^ 


i- ' 


'■ 


'  w 


m 


I!  i'nl 


I  I 


finr' ! 


lij 


.17« 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD. 


at  IliNt  I>im1<  til  111'  llio  lii':i.l  .it"  .III  Iii'Ij^iii.  swiiiiltiini; 
;iii-ci^-i.  I  ,i.<-.ir.liiiul,v  |irf|MiT  1  iiiv  i,'iiii.  in  n.--'  nt'  .in 
Mii.i.'k.  Ill  . ' '■  I  ii.li;iii>  :i'i.iiil    111  iv  arc  fiiiisiiliMi'il  nmiii' 

lit     tllC    WIlINt    1111     till'    ( '.llllllllli.l.         t  'll    cllisi'  i.llsl'lA  ;il  i.ill, 

liimi'Vi'r,    I   III. I'll'  nut  tl Iii.it  ti>  I"'  till'  liiiii.i  wliii  ll 

I  lia.l  iiiitiri'l  .Mr.'i  l/i  n-  'tnwi'ul'  in  tlic  iii.ii'iiiii:;  :  iiinl 
Minn  :ll'li|-.\:iri|s  I  jii'l.  ri\.'.l  till'  [Kill. Ill's  mill  u.ii'H  utnlli' 
111'  till'   ii.iil^.        I    Ii'tliriii'  I   ti>  till'    KlliiiU  n't  list    IIS   |i.i-i 

silili'.  Tii.ii'  1  siiw  line  "I'  ill'-  lii.M  ..  ill  Vilii.li  Mr.  .m.l 
.\ll's.  Ijiiii'  «irr.  in  .1  I'l.i^t  .1  iii„'rr..iis  silii.lti  .n.  Il.iviin; 
..-Inii'k  ill   till'  iiiiilst  III   till'  )!.i|iiils   iijiiui  n  rui'k,  uiiiili 

liail  .stilVi'  ill   llri'  hi.lr 

I'iu  !  '  ili'iutiiil  i."  liitt'  I'liiitfaot.  ll  iiitii  :i  |i:i,s.-.:iu'i'  nt" 
i.iii'  liiihili".!  an. I  lil'ty  \  li-il.s  liv  Intty  fm'ks  mi  ritliiT 
M.ir,  tliriiii:;li  wliirliit  riislii's  willrii-i'iiii'liiiiiiiM  viol.'iiri'. 
I'.niiini.'  «  ll  ill  I  I'M  lis  in  its  ]ias<.'t'.ji'  i'i|iaiili'  nt'i'iiitiiliiliin,' 
;lii- lar.,'i'-(  t'.iii'st  Iri'i's,  wliirli  uri' atli'i'wai'ils  ili>^.ii-i;i',| 
Willi  ;;ii:it  l'..i'ir.  I'liis  is  niic  of  tlii'  til.  -.t  il.in:.'i'i<iiis 
)ila.rs  tliilt  till'  Ih'iIs  liaM'  to  |i.l.ss,  1 1,  :.'.iiii;,'  ii|i  tin- 
"ivcr  till'  li.i.iis  arc  all  ciii|itici|,  ainl  llic  ln'i'jlit  Ins  tn 
lie  I'ariicil  aliiiiit  halt'  a  iiiilc  mcr  tlic  |ii|is  nt'  tlio  liii;li 
ami  nii.'i;.i|  i.K'ks  In  r.iiiiiin,' ilnw  ii.  all  rciuiiii  in  tlic 
liuiils  ainl  ilic  liiiiili's,  in  tins  per  '.uis  p  i.ss.  liisplav  llic 
L,'rcat.'~l  rniiia'^c  aM'l  pn-  'icc  il"  iiiin.l,  at  iii.innnt-. 
vvliiii  till'  s.,  ;liii-..>t  iri.  r  in  .  .ina^'in:;  the  I'lail  !  iik 
W'i'il'l  linil  it-,  ii.i-'ipants  t.i  •  ci  nil  lii-li  ii.ii.ni.  i  >ii 
iiriiviii:;  at  llic  licnl  <•(  tliu  i!  i|...|s,  tlic  liniili-  i,'cts  .int 
"11  the  I'lcks  ami  surveys  die  wliii  Ipo.iU.  If  tlicy  .iic 
lillci  in^' in,  ir  •' iiiikiiii.'.  '  as  tlcy  term  il,  the  ineii 
re^t  nil  tl'.eir  pel. lies  until  they  c  iininciiee  tlir.irtiii:; 
"tr,  when  tiic  tjiiiilcs  iii.t  I'ltly  ii  e'nl.iik,  an. I  slin\c  nil' 
llie  liiitit.  ami  -hn.it  thinau'li  ihi-  .li.c!  imrl.il  with  the 
k|M'c.|  nt'  li:;hlni!n,'.  Siilllil  inns  the  Imats  are  wl.  lleij 
miiinl  ill  the  V'lrti'X  >,itli  sii.  Ii  awl'iil  rapi.litv  that,  it 
leii. Ill's  the  inaiiaijcini'iil  i...j  i~-ilile,  ami  the  li.'.it  ami 
il«  h.ipless  eiew  arc  stt  illnMil  up  in  the    iliy-s. 

The  '-.ii:.!!!'  I  i.r  the  men  ill  tills  iii-Liiec  cvitiecil 
meat  pri'-.ii.  e  111'  iiiiml.  The  instant  tlielmit  ■>tini'k 
llie\  hill  "pniin;  nil  till'  j.'\iii\v.ile  mxi  Mn'  i-.iik,  an  i  \>y 
their    ilailiil     we;j;lit    !;■  pt     In-r    Iviii'.;    ilp.Hi    i'         Th.' 

water    Inai 1    itml    l;'.,ei|    amiiiiil    tliem    »iili    learl'iil 

vii.lenee.  Ha. I  .slie  xlippcl  nil',  they  must  ail  ll.iVe  lic-li 
iliusll  i|  tn  pieces  all|nlii,'st  t  lie  rn.'ks  llllil  lapi'ln  liel.iu  ; 
as  it  w.is,  they  iiiaii:ii,'ei|  i  iiiiintaiti  their  p'i-!li..ii 
illitii  t'.'i-resv  111"  the  iijlicr  '"ut.  wliieli  ha. I  run  lie' 
rapi.N  sil.K'.  Iiail  iiiilnnleil  an. I  ilr.i^i^i.l  the  I'liipiv 
li.iat  lip  the  rapi'ls  a^'t)!!.  1'hiy  tiieil  Ml.  .e.'liil  in 
Ihrnw  in;   a    hue    tn   their   li.tpliss   e  aup  inimi^.      I!;t 

there  w, IS  still  cnlisiileralllc  lllll'^er,  lesl  in  hlilllll','  the 
ciiip'.y  linit  Inwanls  thi'iii  they  iniijlit  pull  llieiiiMl\i> 
nil  ihe  111.  k  They  at  lell.'tll,  hnttcMT,  S'.l.iee.h  il  In 
cull. HIS    lll.llia',;ell|ellt     ill     ^    t:in;.'    the    li.iil     a|,ili;;i<i.|e, 

iiml  ill  I'liiliii  )•  III'./  ill  sai'lv  A  iiiniiieiit  .il'tenv  irili 
thiirnnii  li.i.it  sliiijH'il  I'l.iin  the  nek,  ami  v>as  ihLshcil 
tn  pie.  1  -  Km'I'*  tiiiiiKlh  ll  Ijnateil  t lii'V  pi  lieij  Up  alter 
Kaiils,  Imt  .still  iii.iny  ii^e|i||  iirli.le^  were  In-t. 

Atlnther  lin.it  «.is  lent  t'nr  nv  i  rl.iinl  In  ( '.i|\  ille,  aiel 
then  tlii's  pr.iciM'ii.il.  iiiriv'iiuat  <  •k.ina'.iaii  mi  t  he  :.'.Mli 
n|"  .N"ii\eliiher,  haVMi;;,  lii.rti'M'i-.  ill  the  interiiii.  Iieeii 
ciiiiilH'ili  i|  lii>lini't  line  of  the  l|.ir-i"«  iil"  the  c^t.ilili^h- 
liicnt   wliiili  wa.t  f.ia-teil.  ami  I'.iini  I  \erv  pal.italil,   ;   the 

tllill  ate  .•11  llli|el<  nt'  il.    lh.lt    .-.ilm'  '.1    tlli'lll    tti  I''   illl.llile 

tn  w.'rk  the  next  day  alter 

Alter  live  nr  i«i.x  ilays"  le-t  at  Walla  W'.iUa  ml'  which 
plai  e  liinri  licrcarii-r..  they  a' iniiipii-ln  .1  t  he  ile^.eiit  in 
fifteen   .|ii\.,       riiiv  i.  Ill  t'l   kill  11  liiir-i'  mi   the  w.i> 
pr.iviMiiiK   havin:;   run     Icit  ;   an. I    winter    lieiicj    tin- 
niiny  wiuwn  on  the  Ijowir  CuluiiihiH,  they  hu<l  in  p«r- 


f.inii  the  last  Cniir  lays  of  tlieir  joitrnf>y  in  npeii  I11111I.1 
an. I  all  imcs.sant  slinner. 

l-'i'lt  N'aiienuvcr  was  at  that  time  the  lari;csi  pnst 
ill  the  IIihIsiii-'m  li.iy  I'ninpany.s  ilmiiininns  Tlieie 
wer.-  Iw.i  eaicf  fail.ir>.  with  ci^lit  ..r  ten  clerk-,  ami 
trt.i  hiinilre.l  ;'ii</r;(/.-/(r.v,  rc-iilin;;  there.  'I'hc  iii"ii. 
Willi  their  Imliiii  wives,  IIm'iI  in  In^  huts  near  the 
miru'iu  iif  the  ;..i-r— at  that  pninl,  ninety  iiiilcH  frmii 
i'/S  ni.iiith,  a  !iiile  ami  11  'piaitcr  wnlc  fnimi,  ;;  a  little 
vill.i',;o  ;    ipiitcil   I'lliel  iif  laiieil:i;;e»,  11.S  the  iiilial  il.ilits 

were   a    mixtiii f  l')iu,'lisli,     {''rench,    Irnipmis,   Saml- 

wii'li  Ll.iiiilers,  t 'ice.'!,  ami  t'hinnnk.s.  A  lari,c  lariii 
wa.s  cii!li\.ile>l  aimiit  cii;ht  miles  up  the  riit'i',  prn- 
iliieini;  iiinrc  ^lain  than  tlic  p-nplc  at  the  fort  ciiiilii 
cniisuiuc.  Tlii'v  h.cl  also  il  :iiiciise  licrils  nf  linmcstic 
h'lriieil  cattle,  which  |-.tii  wihl  in  iiiikiinn-ii  inimlicrs  j 
am!   'Iicep  ami  lim-ses  were  cipially  iiiimcrniis. 

.Mr  I'aiil  Kane  usilcil,  I'min  llii>  |ilacc,  t  irei;iiii  ( 'ily, 
ii.s  it  is  c.ille  I.  allicit  niily  cititaiiiiiii.!  iilunit  ninety  t'.iiir 
h.iiiscs.    with    Iwn    nr    tliic"    hiimlrcil    iiihaliitants,    11 

Meth.iili>t  aii.l  a    l< .111    I'.ithnlic   ciiiircli,    tun  hntcls, 

till  Liri^l  iiiiiU.  till -iM    i;iills,  ami  li.iir  .stnrcs,  a.s  aUn 

the  liiiniui  t'atli.ilie  Mission  nil  the  rivi'r  NValhatiielhc, 
where  llii-rc  is  a  ^.mil  leiek  1  hiireh.  iiiiii  an  i-st.tl.|isli- 
liicni  nf  r-liijiiiS'H  ein.'a;;ei|  in  teaihinu'  ihiiilicii.  Iinlli 
while  ami  rcil,  .'tmi  the  .lesiiit  liiis.Himi  nil  the  -^aliic 
|-i\er,  Imtli  lietii;;  sitiiatcil  i<i  a  l-eaiilitiil  piaii  le  niic 
'>(   the   lal'l^'est   tl.l.'ts  nf   iriiiiil    laid    that    Is.   imircil.  111  lill 

met  with  ill  t>rei,'.iii. 

In    ileseriluili;    the    t  hinnnks,    a     race    (if    Imllalis     nl' 

ilis^ii-lin;{  li.iliils.  Mr.  I'aiil  Kam-  imiileiitally  iiitrn- 
iluces  tn  niir  lint  lee  a  In  w  ami  \aliiali|i  Vc;,'i  liiMc. 
lie  lirit  imiitiiiiis  their  liaskcis  imnle  i.l  tnni.>  ami 
;,'l  I--,  Wnvi-ll  Nil  cln^cly,  as  in  sel  \  e  all  the  pill  pn-i  s  nf 
a  pill  ill  h.il.liiii;  iin.l  e.irr\  iiiL'  watii.  In  l|.e-.i'  llcy 
■  •M'li  li.iil  tlii'ir  li^li  I  hi-  i-.  ilmie  hy  innnei-ini:  the 
li~h  III  line  III  the  liiskct'.  )ilh  il  with  water,  intn  wliii  h 
llic\  thi'iiw  rcl  111.',  siniies,  iinlil  the  li-h  l~  ci.nkiil: 
which  IS  tlniie  IS  ipiii  kl\  .IS  in  a  k.  Ille  'I'hc  niily 
M'^i-l.ilile«  in  Use  aiiinii^  .hiiii  .iic  ihe  laliias  ami 
w.lppalnii.  The  c.-inuL-i  is  a  liiilliniis  ini.t.  iiincii  ll'- 
Miii'lin^  the  I  iiimi  III  niitwaril  appearance.  Imt  is  iii..rti 

like  the  potatiie   -.<  iieii  kcil,  illel  Is  \ii\   \i I  laliiit;. 

Thi>  w.ippit'i.i  issnimwhat  Hiliiil.il.  Iii.t  l.iii^ii  ami  n.it 
SI >  dry  nr  delicalc  in  its  liaxniir.  Tiny  ine  f..nie|  in 
iniiii.  ii-'C  ipi.ii  >itii  1  ill  the  pl.iins  in  the  \  i.  imty 

I''.. I!  \a.i...Hel.  ill  the  splllll>|.f  the  M-ar,  plc>.n|H 
a  lii'ist  cilii.e,-  and  li'.i.it  iliil  iip|Kal>ni'e.  the  uhnle 
III  lace  p|-e«ciil!ti:{  an  niiinlciriiptcl  sheet  nf  liii^iht 
iilli  t'lliarilic  liliie.  I1..111  the  iiiii'lliiiiaMc  lilnssmii  .  nf 
lie  -e  pi. lilts.  They  me  ennked  In  dl;.",illiy  .1  Inilc  in 
li.e  i.'r.iiiiil  tlii'ii  piiltini;  dnwii  a  liiM-r  id  Imt  slnms, 
i.iM-iiii'.;  til. -Ill  with  iliA  urii-'S,  iiii  which  the  runts  me 
pi, 111. I.  iin.ither  Imr  nf  fflass  is  tlieli  pi. mil  (i\ir 
tliein,  and  ali.i\e  this  iheN  plai-i>  iiiintlicr,  llii-iiiii;li 
«lilill  and  till'  uT-i-s  a  sll-.ill  llnlc  is  pell'i. rated  dnw  11 
I.l  ihc  \ei,'i-t.lli|e>  Wall  1  IS  pi. Ill-Ill  ilitn  tin-  linle. 
aii'l  reaching  the   lint  slniies,  rnriiis   siillii  ii-nl    stciiii    In 

Clink  the  .niils  i  i  illipli  tely  ill  ll  hh.irl  tlllle.  llic  llule 
l.eilli:   sliippi  i|    lip  as  snnii   » s    the    W.lliT   is  | lid    in, 

III  (lie;r,,n  ( 'ii\  Ml-  I'liiil  Kane  inel  Mr  .Mai  keii/.ie, 
a  llinlsnns  Hay  laetm,  and  the  I'liliimliia  tr.neller 
Ik", line,  |ic|-|"ii|-ci'.  and  le.'  wilhniit  I'liinvim  lit,  ik 
li-teiier  tn  '.iiiie  nf  Ins  tali-  nf  lii'iinii  life  and  Ills  nw  n 
evplnitit. 

W  lull'  ill'  was  'll  cliari,'e  nf  a  I'nrt  in  New  I 'iiledniiia, 

and  New  Itiiti-h  ( 'iiluml...i,  in    hid  u  earil  n!    tnlii 1. 

nr    li.'co  iuuiuIh,  slnlt'ii  I'ruiii  hiui.      it  wits  itii  lliul  ho 


wa^^Vi^appv^UJUAJ'ULAAAJL^UU^UiaZSa: 


p  ^.T^pr-  ^»i^  rr  fT  r  rff  n  fff 


PROM   THR   ATT.ANTIC  TO  THE   I'ACIFia 


37" 


ms.  'I'lii'ii' 
vliik-,  ami 
'I'lif  ii<"li, 
ts  lir;ir  till' 
•  lllilrS  tViiln 
III.  ^  :i  hlllr 

iillllli  <l:llll~ 
lUMlM,    S;Mli|- 

IjilV   tiillil 

riirf,    |irii- 

!•   tort    r..llli| 

ot    i|i>lllr>lic 

II  immln'i-s  ; 

Ilrjjnll  City, 
liihi'tv  I'.iiii' 

iul>lt:|lit>.  Ik 
t«o   lliillls, 

(irt'S.  iiH  ;ilst) 
Vallmiii''lln', 

III  r>t.il.li>ll- 
lililnli,  t...||i 
'II  (111'  '•iiliir 
|il-,iiili'  ■•III? 
Iltii  I'll,   to   tie 

IimIiiiIis  oI" 
lltllllv  illtio 
I  Vr^Ii  llll'll". 
i|'  loiil.-;  Kill) 
■  iiiirpo^fH  *>f 
.  tlii--l'  tlh'V 
iliirl>ilii:  til'' 
,  into  vvliiili 

1-   I kill  ; 

I'l Iv 

iiiMi.i-    Mini 
t,    lull'  II    ri' 

lilll    i^   III"!'!' 

|u' I  1 .111111; 

-.1  mill  iioi, 

ir     I'oUK'l     III 

lilt  V, 

:ir.  I'li-i  Ills 
till-  «l,ol,. 
It    o!    I.iuhl 

|..-„,|||.     of 

>   lioli'  ill 

iiot     >|oll..S. 

'     I I.<  nil' 

I.O'.I     OMI' 

Jr.    llii.'ii'^li 

|l:iliii    ilouii 

llil>    lioir. 

It     l<ti:illl     t" 


l.\l:ii  iMll/.il', 

ll     llM.lllll' 

>\  111'  III,      II 


.1    III 


|t     ll.'.lo.'IWi. 

I..I1  l''i-.l, 

i   tliul  ho 


liml   lit    tliis    tiiiir,    iitiil    of  ("oviriio    was  »  si  Hmis   lo-w,  .low n  like  n  r;i|i,      Tills  Oinpr  it  frt.'iiiuil  f.ir  iilioiil   .m 

Sli|i|iisiii;;    it     to    ll  ivi'    liii'li     tiikrn     liv    soiin'    of    llii'  liouv  .iml    a  hall',  .11. 'I  I'nii  i;iai|ii;ill\   iliMii'l'i'iin  il 

liiiliii..,,  will-  w'-rr  tiailiiii;  in  l:ii-L;r  iiiiiiiluii  11I..11  :   ilu'  .Miiiost  tlinr  M.ii^  l.it'..ii'  this,  tln'  iiioiiiitaiii  w.i>  in 

'•.stahJHliMiriit  at  '  liiil    liiiii'.  hi-   ii'i|iii>>t''l  tin-   .Iml"  to  it  violiiil  stall'  of  cniiilii.ii  tin   tliiii    or   lour    ilav.s.  ami 

call  u  roiim  il  of  all   tin-   triln',  a.s   In'  lia<l    MHii'tliin',;  to  lliri'W    ii|i    lniiHiin,'    .slonrs    ainl    lava    to   1111    iliiiin'liM' 

Hny  to  tlii'iii.      I'll  tlii>  til.  \  all  iLisi'iiilili'l  mil  -ijuiii.'.l  lii'i;;lit.  whirli  mn    111  luiniiii','  loir'-iit-.  .|..«ii    it-   .siii.w- 

iliivvii,  li'aviiii;  an  <i|H'ii    s|ia.  .■  in  tli'.  i-clilri'.  into  «  In.  Ii     rla.l  si.li  s.       .\i 1     tin     iinii-s    lowir    il'wn     liii'v    I'li- 

lii'  wiilkfi!  «itli  iiis  f.iwliiiji  pii'i'i' ;    'I'i^   h.'  loailnl  with  raiii|.r.|  lin  tli'  i.ii^lil,  11.  .r  ( 'olllii  Itork,    ii.ii.  Ii  a^'ain^l 

two  liiills  in  t'li'  |irrsi'ii>-i'  of  lilt'  :i.'<.~).nilily,  aftrr  ulii.'li  tin'  iii.'liii.it  ion  of  thf  iiun,    uliox'    >ii|.i'i>i  it  ion    u..iili| 

ho  fi'lati'd    till' lir.iiMislnnrr  of  Iii>    loss,  anil  slatnl  his  Iimm'  liil  tln'iii  to    avoi.l    sinli  a  |ilaii'.       Tins     im  k    ;;iil 

liclii'f  that  soiiit' om-  of  Ihr    Iniliaiis  thru    |irrsi'iit  hail  its  iiaiiii' from  In  ii.i;  llii-    |ilair    in    wliirh    tlir    Imliaiis 

tilki'ii    it       lie    thru    tolil    tlii'in    tli.it   lir    wislnil    ihat  ili'|.i.sit    lliiir   ilinl         'I'lii!.-    is    aiiotlni      r..rk     lowr 

••very  (iiio  |iri's<'nt.  woiihl  |ihi.i'  his  month  l.i  iho  11111//I1'  ilowii,  on  wlmli  w.ii'  ijc.   .-iir  I   two  or    tlirii'  hnmliril 

of  tin-  ({nil   uml   hlow    into    it,   ii.s.siirini,'   tin  in   thai    it  of  ihi'ir  hnrial  raiio.s  ,   l.iii  t '.imni.i'lori'  Wilkrs  lia\  in;; 

w.'iil.l    iiiji'l'o   no  mil-   iiinornit  of  th.'   ihrti  :    l.iit,    mi  inaih'  a    fur    n.  .r  tin'  s|>ol.    ii    r..iiiiiiiiiiir.'ili'il    to  tin' 

(III-  oihcr  hull. I,  if  the   yiiilty  party   shoiilil    a  i.iii|i|    to  l.'.iliis,  ami  ut'.iily  tin'  wl.ol.    ..f  thriii    wirr  roiisnniril. 

ilo  so,  it  woiilil   iiicvilnlily   kill   him.      Ili>   I -.It   sit  Tin'  Imhaiis  show.-.i  nun  li  imliunal  n.n  ai   ihr\iolaiion 

tlir    rxillll|ih'     (if     Mowinu     into    tin'     |iii'ii',     siainliii:;  .1'   a    plaii'    wliirli    «:is    In  I.I    -..    ~.i.i..|    l.\     ilnni,   aini 

inii/zli     >l|iw«riU    on    tlir    ^riniinl  ;    tin-    rliii'f  t'..|l.i».'.|,  w.nilil    mi    il.nil.l     li.i\.      -..i|..'ht     l.'Mii^r    hail    tliivti'lt 

IS  wi'll   as    tlir    wholi'   trihr,  w  itii    tln' e\r'|'tion  of  om-     'h.insrh  .  -  sli ;{  I'lnni^li  to  .10  s... 

man,  who  sat  han^iiiy;  ilow  M  his  hiail.  mill  wlnii  lalhil  I'u-liin.,;   fmllnr   up    tin-   river,  liny    raiiii',    on    tho 

np.iii  liy  t'li-   (•hi''f  to   follow  tin-  rxaiiipli-  of  thf  nst,  J'.'tli,    to   aiiotlii'r    Iniiiil  plan',    wlinh    snimil    to    In- 

rrfusiil,  sjiyili^   that    lie    v.ni  hi    not    ti  nipt    tin'    (iicat  highly    ili'ionili'il.      ( im-    .irtisl    wishni    Ins    Imliaiis  to 

Spirit,  for  that    hr   ha. I    tak'  i.      In     loliiu'i'o,  ami  woiihl  |.'il  ii-in.ii'.  l.iit  tiny  woiiM  ii..t  .l.i  s.i      )!.■  wasi.l.li^cil, 

ri'liini  it,  which  he   i.-.'.  .r.lin^lv  ili.l.  .  Innloii.,  to  put  tlnin  mil  ..f  the  eanoe  ..n  the  ..pposiie 

Whilst     Mr.     Mai-ki  ii/ii-    wa-.    in    eh,ir:;e    of    Wiilla  --iile  .1  ilie  riM  1,  ami  pa.hlle  the  eanoe  o\  ir  l.\  liiinsi  ll. 

^\'.illa.  Ill'  i\liiliiliil  'in  in-laini'    of  ^real    presence    of  Me  h  i.|  no  lioiiht    Inil    what    ihey    woiiliI  lia\e  oppose.l 

i.iiinl  iimler  very  tryini;  .•ir.nm-laiiies.       His  clerk  hail  li     Loili;;    .so,  hail    it    not     Ihcii    for    the    iiMiie   he   hail 

u  iplarrel  ami  tiulil   wilii  the  .hi.  t,  wlmni  he  U'at.     The     iiir.'.iiiy  aeipiin  i|  ,1 ny:st    the    Imliaiis  of  heiii"  n  ^iciit 

Iniliaii  ihoptiiioii  e.'llecleil  a  lari!!'    p.irty  of   the    trilii'.  nnili.iii. man.   ..11    ii.-.-.>iiiit   of   tin    likeci.sses  which  he 

I  i-ln-.l  with   iht'iu  iiiii.  the   \      I    ..t  the    fort,   ami   ,il  hail  lal. 111.      His  powers 'if  p.niitiayiii^  the  leiitnrcs  of 

tt'iiiptc'l  to  si-i/e  th'' olliinler  lor  till'  piirj'ose  of  I  ikiiin  inili\  i.liials    were   altiil.iili  .1    eii'iiely    to   Mipeinatnial 

Ills  lilc.       .M.-.    \l  I.  ken/ .'  kept  them  olV  lor  soiii''  lime,  a^l|lc^.anl|    he    t'oinnl   that    in    look.ni;  iit   his  pi. tines 

hut  limlin^  he  coe.hl   1!  1  ...n   no    lmii;ei,  in-    mnlereil    oiii'  lliey  alvMiys  co\eieil    llnii    exes    with    tin  ir  liamls,  iiinl 

ot    the  iin'li  ;.•  Irili^'  out  11  kej{  of  pow.ler,  llie    lieail    ..f  lo.iUeil    llirmi^h    the    tilif-crs.    this    hi'lli;;    hI.m.     tlii'     in 

vuhi.'h  he  knock'  1  in,  ami  litkitn;  a  tlint  ami  -teel  t'n.iu  v,inal>l<    cii-iom    when    l....kii,u   :ii  .■  il'iui  |>ersoii.      On 

hi-po.k.'t,  ll.'  si I  .IV. 'r  it   lis    if  aio  it    1.1    i;;c.ile    it,  uriii  in:;  c   tin- place  he  |..iiml  ii  la\  islily  ihcoint' il  »  itii 

t.    .Ill',;  till'   iii'iiaiis  ihal   i*' they  ihil  ll  ll  at  once  ih  part  '  iiuiiii'ro|..s  aili.'hs  "I    '•iipposnl    iiliiilv    ami    ormiimiit, 

hf   wo.il.l  hh.iw   ill. 'Ill  how  a  white   chief  coulil  ili-'  ami  tor    llii'    ciueniein '•   of   iln'   'l.liinct  in  the  j..i.|  in'V  (.. 

ilfstrov  his  eni'inics.       The  Imliaim  look  111.'  alarm,  .lu.l  ilii'  wi.rli!  i.l  spinis      Tin  ...  aiii,  l.s  consist  ot  l.l.nikets. 

Ileil  ihroii^h  the  itat'-.s,    wliicli    he    iiiini'ilial''ly    harieil  iiiiiiips,     pols,    pans,     K'tlle.,     piales,    Iniskets.    horn- 

iiitaiiisi  them,  secretly  Kemliii'^' tliH   cleikj  in'.vt    ilay,  to  li.iwls,  ami   spoons,    with    -hrcils  of   doth    of   v.irii.iis 

aiii'ihir  fort  out  of  their  niiili.  ...l.iir.      t)iiec.inoe.  which  was  ilcorateil  iina'' hiylily 

IMitiie    'J.'ilh    of    Manh    tin'  never  resting   tmveller  '  than   the    n-sl,    In'    evainimil     paiticniailu       .\ll     ilie 

s(urt<-il    ill   11    stijiill    wihmIcii    ci'iioe,    Willi    1.   eouph-    I'f  1  artich  .  .ipp'iiih 'I  toil   wi  le    iiinhi.d    umIi  .s    tor    the 

imliaiis  ;  itml  at  the  mo.itli  .if  (he  Katlc|ioiiial  Iviver,  ]  v/orhl  hy  ciilier   tearini;,   licakitii;,    or    hoiiii};  holes  in 

tw'cntv  si.v  mites  fi-miithc  tor^  he  s|op|Hnl   t.i    make  k  them,  the  Imliaiis   liclieviiii;    that   tlnv   would  i.e  inaile 

hkelcli  of  til.'  voliaiio  Mount  M.    Helens,  ilis;.int  alioiil,  |  who'i'  ii^jain  l.y  the  (ircat    Spiiil.      t'n   'Aaniininy   tin' 

lliii  Iv  or  fort  V  niih's.       Tlii.^  mount  1111    has   iicmt  lieeii  {  inli'rior  .f  a  cain.c,  he   foiiml  .1  ^r.  at  nniiilerot   iiHpia 

visite.l  hv  Whiles  or  liiiiiaiis  ,    the  latter  assert  that  it  I  ami  other  shells,  to',;ethi  i-   with    l.i-a.ls  ami  rili^s  ;  >'\cii 

is  iiiliahite.l  l.v  a    la.e   of  lii'iin;s  ..I    ,1  .lillirenl    spcics,  I  the  luoiilh  of  the  ileci'ii-eil  was  tilh  il  wnli  tncse  iiiticics, 

who  all' caiinilkils,  ami  w  iimii  ihcv  lioli!  111  i;ieat  ilri'iil  ;  Ihi'  ho'iv    ilsell    was    c.iret'iilly   enM-lopn'    in  iiiiiiieroiis 

tliev  also  s.iy  tii.ii   lliei''   is    a    lak'     .it     lis    lia.^e    w  il  h  11  tolils    of   liiatlili^',  liia.l.'    ..f    rushes.       .\t   the  hottoin  of 

verv  cNtraonliiiiiry  kiiiil  of  li-li    in  it,  with  a  liea.l  nn.rc  1  ihecanor  lav  a  h  •«    ami  allow,  a  |  a.hlh  .      spear,  mi.l 

i"seiiililiii>;    thut    of  a    Uai     ilini    any    other    animal,  la    kimi    .f  pick,    ina.le  of   horn,  I'l  r  ilie^ini:  the  caina- 

Ti'ciM.  sii|s.|>tii  ions  lire  taken  lioiii  I  he   sialenient  of  a  root.       Ihe  top  ol  the  <  ,im»'  iiiiiii''ili,ili  Iv  over  the  Iml  v 

lllitl',     who,     tli.'V    S.IV,    W'          1.1    til.'     II.  .iiiitaili     with  hail  aciveiin^  ol    hark,    ami    lioh's   wiie  Ih.!'.!  ii.  tin' 

aii.ill,er,  uml  esca|K'il  till' l.il.' of  Ills  .■..iiipaiiloii,  w  ho  w  I-  lioilmn  lo  allow  th.'  watii    lo   run    mil       'I  licse  cai.ei  s 

eai'ii   Iiv  the   "  Skooi'iioms,  '  or  evil    i;eiiii.       I  olii'ie  I  |  were  alw  ays  placcil  oil    wooilen   supports,  s'.-peiiilcil  in 

a  cnsi.h.iiilile  liri'oe,  he  sav  s.  to  any  Imlians  w  ho  won  1. 1  t  the  I. ranches  of  trees,  or   pi  iml  upon  isoluti  il  rocks  in 

."■.■.iinpaiiy  me   in    ils  cxploi'itimi,  Iml    coiihl    imt    liiil  ,  tliP  i.v.r  to   keep   tln'iu  lii'vnnl   the   naihil  ravenous 

.111.'    Iiarily    eiimi;;h    to    venture.      It    is   of  very   yreal  '  animaiv      (.V..'  p   ;i('i8  )      Iti.riiiu'  1  's  -lav,   the  In  liaiis 

height,  illnl  hiiiit; ''overeil  with  Hiiovv.  is  seen  at  11  ;;re  It  '  w.it.l.ni    him    ilo-'lv     li..ni    tin'   "p|o-i!i-  l..iiik,  11ml  mi 

ilisfaiice.      TIn're  was  not  a  cloinl  visihle  in   tin     kv  .11  I  his    le'.nin,    they    e\.iniii.i'il   him  11-   iinnntely  .'s  they 

the  tiini    I  coiiimeiice.l    my  skel.li.  ami  not  a  In  cat  h  of  j  colli  1  with  tin  ir  eves  to  see   that    he    h.iil  no.  liroil^'hl 

air     was    |H.|i'e|ilili|e.        .*<ii.|.leiil  v      1     -llcalll    of    while  aliv '  liilii;  awav .       H.nl  he  lu'eli  so  nnpi  iiilelil  hh  to  li.ivc 

Hllloke  shot   up  tlolil  the  cralir    "f    th.'    I nil  ilii.     iml  .|..ii.'    s...    In     woul.l    pr..l.al.ly    have    illisVirleil    for    ill* 

l.iwereil  a  short  time  over  lis  .suuium  ,    it    then    scltleil  sn  1  ih':;''  w  itli  his  lil'c,  ilealli    Ulii^'  ill.' <'lt.iill  pi  tnilljf 


»7R 


ALT,    ROUND  THE   WORLD, 


!,  A 


V' 


I 

i  I 

.  ]: 

I'!  j 

! 


til  till-  uinst  tritlintc  viulatinii  uf  tin-  samlily  <>(  n  nvOin 
niiuH'.  Ill'  cnili'MVniiiTil  to  ilitii'iivi'i-  «  Im  \v:i.s  Imi  ii  i| 
in  ihf  rii  lily  ili'inniliij  imimm',  Imt  tin'  niily  iii!i>iiri:iUiiii 
III'  I'lHilil  i;rt  (Vuiu  llii'iu  \v,i>  tii;i{  it  wan  till- il:iiii;lil.i 
lit'  11  <"hiiiiii.lj  iliii-r.  Til.-  Iiiiii.iii  rliii'I's  liiTi'  liavf  II 
i<il|H'rstiti'iii'i    ili'i-ail    "t   iiiriiliuiiiii^'    till-   liiiiin'M  nf  any 

|«'|-;<'iu  iil'trr   ili-alli •    will    liny    li-l!  voii  lin'ir  uwii 

naiilivs,  wliird  I'.ill  I'lily  I"'  t'.Hilnl  mit  liinu  i  tliilil  jiarty. 
Oiii'   of  llii'   iiii'ii    askcil    lull)    it'    lii-    .li'siiT   to    kdow 

IiIn      I.iIU"      |1|M.1miIii1      t'lMIII       I     Wi>ll     to     Kll'.ll     il    (         It 

Is  Mot  ail  iiin'omiiion  tliiiii;  I'or  a  cKii't',  wln'ii  Im  wiMln's 
t.>  pay  yoii  a  vrry  liiitli  .  iiii|.liiiiiiit.  to  iifivi'  ami  lull 
you  liy  liiHowii  iiaiin",  aii<l  a'lojii  .soiiii-otln'r  lur  liiiiisi'lC. 

Tiny  liail  now  I'liti'i'iii  till-  t'lirtlii/  Kivi'i-.  wliivii 
is  a  iioi'lli  ilv  t'l'i'ijiT  o)' till'  < 'oliiail'ia.  I  Is  lolly  liaukii 
iil-i-  ri-owiii'il  willi  iii'.iiiMliil  !orc'sts  Tlir  -.valrl-s  of 
tlii.s  riviT  ris-  o.-iaiionally  from  tliirly  to  forty  li-i't. 
lliTi'  Jfr.  Kaiii'  \i-ii.il  till'  Cowlil/.  Farm  In' 
|oii:,'iiii;  Jo  till'  Kii'l.ioii's  Hay  ('om|iaiiy,  « lirrr  lariji' 
i|ii  iiilitrs  of  wliiat  ail'  raiii'il  an. I  ratlli-  ri'ari'.l  in 
fji'i'at  mniilii'i's.  It  «a.i  lirrc  tliat  our  artist  look  a 
p.irtraii  of  a  Klitlrail  woman  an.'.  Iirr  lialiy,  wlio^i- 
Mlli-i-.in.  lit  .Iratli  (at  til  I 'Ml  1.1  io  Ills"  ii;i'.liriiii-"i  wli  it 
rvrroiir  liiiliaiis   .lout    iiii.li'i'sluii  I   'Ihv  .'all  ni<>iliriiii' 

or  iiiaKic  -1 iprlli'il  III  In  t.i  Ir  i\.'  tlir  ("ninlry  in  ii  niial 

liiiny.  t'l  avoi.l  tin'  Miiyi-niri  of  licr  rrlativ.  ^  Nor 
w  IS  llii-  ilrcail  witliont  laiiM'.  iim  «>■  liain  from  tlu' 
ti>!lo«in:,'  story  tolil  of  ilii-  sjimi'  iiii;,'lil'oiirliiMiii  li\ 
(iiivi-rnor  Siiii|ivoii  : 

'•  111  tin-  monlli  of  |''il.iiiaiy  la-t,  a  rlinf  of  tlif  iii.iiu' 
III  Koiii|.'|iit,  visili'il  Ml  Itlark.  till'  ;,'.  iillriiiaii  in 
ill  irjjo  uf  i'lioni|isoii's  i!i\i'r,  at  lii>  po^t  ol  KaiiiluopH, 
« Ir  II  a  Irn  ill  .liipiili' look  plarr  Ih'Iwii'Ii  tlii'in.  Ini- 
iiM'ilialriy  on  rrtiirninj;  tu  liis  i-aiiip,  at  a  plan- i  ■illiil 
l'a\ilioii.  Koutli'iKit  >irkrni'il  ami  .liiii.  I'liioiiiin:,'  liii 
pi'opli'  Willi  his  la>t  liri'alli  to  k.ip  on  g.mil  t.-i  ms  wiili 
111"  W'liiti's.  Whi'iliiT  i.r  II. .1  till-  rliii-f-  .Imiii;  in 
jiin. 'lions  was  iiilrrpn-ti'ii  into  mi  in^iniialioii  lliiit  In' 
lia-l  |rri-lii''l  in  (•on--ripirm-i'  of  liis  Innino  ipiarii'lli  .1 
willi  liis  uliili'  lirotlii-r,  tin-  Inilims  i-ani<>  to  tin'  run 
i|i|si..ii  lliat  Ko.iilipal  -  ili'atli  liail  ln'i-n  raiiw-.l  l.y  Mr 
Itlark's  III  11(1.'  or  in.-ili.'iiii'.  In  piirxnaiii'i'  of  tins 
iilr.i,  till'  »i.|o\v  iif  till'  ili'i'iM-i'.l  worki'il  lip. II  llii- 
frrliii)p*  of  lii'r  iirplirw.  lill  lii'  niili-rt.M.k  to  ii-mhu'i' 
lirr  liil'li.in'l  -  iiiiliini-lv  fall-  Tin'  aM'iiijcr  of  IiIihkI 
foilliwitli  -it  on'  for  K  iiiil.io  k,  anil,  w  lini  lif  ariivi'il, 

liotli  I'llil   ami    i.niii.'ry,    In'    v  as,  li\     ll i-ili  in  nf  liis 

.|i'<tim-<l  vniiin,  pi.i.  i-il  lii'f-ir'ii  i;.i"l  liii' ami  -npplii-il 
willi  to  1.1.  |)iii'iti!4  tin-  w  In.  I' i|  ly  Mr.  Ill.n-k  wl.ovtas 
a  liar.  I   stinli'i.t,  i-iiii  iiin  il    witin;;   in   Iii>   ..wii   iipirt 

lili'iit.  lint  ll  i\  in;»  yoi nt    low. mis    i'Viihiil;.    lii'    w.i> 

ri'lnniiiiii  iliiiii','li  tlm  room  w  In-ri'  liis  jji.i'-i  w  i- 
sitlin-^.  anl  liail  just  riKi'ln  il  tli"  .Inir  of  liii  iliiintni 
wlii-n  III'  ti'll  ilou'ii  ili'.iil.  v.iili  till'  i-oiiti'iits  ..f  iln- 
"iiva);)' s  ^111-  III  Ills  link  In  tli(>  ap|i.iUiiiu'  roiitniii'ii 
lliat  I'lisiifil,  till'  iniii'ili'ii-r  w  is  allo»i-.|  i..  i-~.-.i|m>  I'loiii 
till' foil.  l..",ikiiio  Inn  .,1  If  imiin  iliiiti'iy  t-i  iliu  inoiin 
I  lilis.  Ill'  was  ill  iKi-ii  from  plar>  lo  pla.  r  llkn  a  »  il.l 
liraMt,  li.  iii|{  i.li|i;(i-i|  to  alialiil.ill  first  lii^  |.o|-ni....  alnl 
li'<;ly,  Ills  u  ifc  anil  r.imily  :  Inii  il  u.isii.:  iinlil  iiio'i- 
tlian  )'i;'lit  iiiii|illi<i  of  t::.'ilaiit  ptir-iii\  ili.i'  lin  vtas 
liiiiilly  Ininli'il  d.-v.  n  on  tin-  liaiik  ..t  iln  l-'rai'i '■, 
MuiT  liv  Miini' of  lii-<  own  iK'tiph'  .\s  a  pr-M.fi.f  lii- 
<  ..npar.iiiM' csiiin  iliiiii  of  I'lvilisiilii'ii  ami  li.nl.arisin, 
till' mill  r-lili' lii'im;,  u  til  |l.<-  IiI.huI  ..|  Mr  lUai-k  on 
Ills  i-.in-..-11'iii-n,  cartn'-iK  lii'jiiji'il  to  l»- li:  li\i'ii-il  up  in 
ilii  Wliiifs.  mill  .11  111  in:.  ii-fii-.i.|  il..-  last  Ihmih.  hi- 
li'ap  ll   mlu   llic   siruaiu,  .-.w  .lumiu^   uwuy  for  i.i-  lilt- 


until  111'  \va.s  ili-s|>iiti'lipi|.  just   like)  a  .sea  otter,  liy  arrow 
afirr  arrow.  ' 

< 'ill-     ti'.i\  ■lli'i's    lii'ini'     proi' It'll     tu     Nani'iiiiver 

Islainl  ami  al.niif  tlio  .o,-is|,  mi  ,\  voyii'^n  not  nnlraii^lit 
willi  ilini;i'i,  amoiij;  llio  linliaiis  alnii^  tlm  i-iia.st. 
In  oiii'  plai'i'.  Ills  |iarly  I'lnliarkml  in  a  small  ramio 
for  a  ti-.iM'isi'  III  twi'iily-twii  miles  in  an  opon  wii. 
"  W  lii'ii  w-c  liail  l.i'i'ii  out  for  alm'it  a  I'onpli'  ..|  lioni-s, 
till"  wiiiil  iin-ri-asfil  to  a  pi-rlivt  ijaln,  ami.  Mowing 
a^.lill.Ht  an  i-ldi  ti.ln,  cni-'cil  i  In-avy  swnll,  Wn  wnin 
oliln,'i'.|  to  ki-i'p  oiii'  niiiii  I'oiistanlly  lialini;  to  ]irrM'iit 
iinr  l.ciiio  sw  ampi'il.  Tim  lii.liaiison  lioanl  Imw  loiii 
lin'in-i'il  on.- of  tin-ir  wiiil  i-limls,  wliirli  liiiira.'.i  .1  ton 
pnrfi'it  yi'll  wlii'in'.i'ra  wavi'  lari^i-r  tliai;  tin-  rest  up 
plo.irln'il  ;  llii-  was  ii'iompinii-il  with  lilowini»  ami 
spitting  ai;aiiist  tlic  wiml,  as  iflln'v  wi-rn  in  aii^;ry  ion 
,'niition  willi  tin-  i-vil  spirit--  of  ilm  .storiii.  Jt  wius 
allou'i'tlifi  a  --<'i'in'  of  tlio  nmst  wilil  ami  iiitrlisf  <-x- 
riti'imiit  ;  tlin  imiiintaim.iis  w  ivc-  roaiiiin;;  i-oiiml  mir 
liltli'  i-alnii'  as  if  |.,  niijiilpli  iis  i-w-iy  inoiinnl,  tlm 
wiiiii  Imw  liii'.,' ovi'i  our  lii'.nN,  ami  Ilm  yi'llin;;  Imlians. 
niaili'  il  alisolntrly  trrriti.-.  I  was  snrprisi-ii  at  tin- 
ili-Mi-nty  witli  wlij.-li  ilii-y  inaii.ii,'i-il  llio  caiim'.  all 
pnltiii'.'  out  tlmir  pnlillns  on  tlm  wimlwanl  si.ii-.  w  linn 
I'Vi-r  .1  wi.vn  I  r..k'.  llins  ln-.-akiin,'  its  fon-i',  ami  '.'niiliny 
tlm  Bplav  ovnr  our  Inail-  t..  tin-  ollmr  siiln  of  tlm  l...at." 
On  Ills  sjifi-  ml  III  II  II.'  Wits   \i>ilii|  liy  ii  Yillow   Cum, 

a    i;ri'al    i-liii-f  of   liiili;  li  Col liia,    Ilm    Ii..||im  liilil  ot 

til asl,  wliii-M-   wnaltli   i-onsi>is  in   Mlaxns  ami  ioijiins. 

I'l-  liiaipiays,  H  small  sln-ll  loiiml  at  Cipn  FlatliiiK,  Mini 
only  timrn,  in  ^'nat  alminlam-n.  Tlmsn  slmlls  am  umiI 
a.t  iiioimy,  ami  a  (.'mat  tritHi-  is  rarrii-il  mi  11111011;;  uti 
tin-  irilii's  liy  nmaiis  of  tlii'in.  Tliny  I'm  ol.laimil  at 
tlm  iHiltiiin  of  till'  sna,  at  a  ronsiilnraliln  iliplli.  I.\ 
iimaiis  of  a  long  jmli'.  stii.'k  in  a  ll.il  lioanl  alM.iit  liftirii 
imlii's  Mpiaro.  Kroiii  tlii-  Imanl  a  iinmlirr  ol  loo-o 
pi.'.-ns  ploji'i'l,  wliii'li,  win-ii  pn-s.-U'il  ili.wn.  i-iiti-r  llin 
l>.ittiilli  rinis  of  Ilm  hIu'IN,  u  liii-li  hi'i-lil  to  l'i>  at  tarlii  il 
Io  till'  liiittoin  liy  tlii'ir  HiiiaH  I'lnls.  Tin-  sln-lls  hli.  k 
on  ilm  pim-i-H  ami  nri'  tliils  liroiii;lit.  1..  (In-  Mirtii'i-. 
Tlii-y  ail'  from  an  imli  iiinl  aliilf  to  two  ill^llt-^  in 
li'ii^'ili.  ami  am  wliitn,  nli'inli  r.  ami  lioll.iw,  ami  tapnr 
ili^'  to  .-»  point  .  sli:.'lilly  niirMil.  ainl  aiioiil  tin- xi.-'i 
an  onliiini  \  to'  irrn  pipe  slnn  I  In-y  am  valnal.l.- 
pro|ii>rti..n  t"  tlii'ir  lrii;;tli  ami  llnir  valine  im-ira^rs 
in-rililiiiy  to  a  IIm-.I  r.ili...  (oily  hIh  lis  liriii:;  Ilm  fl.iii.lnMl 
nnmlM-r  to  i-\|.|nl  a  fatliom's  Ii-iikiIi.  winrli  niiml'ii.  in 
lliat  1-.1-I-.  i-  I'lpial  II"  a  l.raM'r's  hkiii  ;  Init  it  lliiily- 
iiilm  Ih'  foiiinl  laroi'  nlioiigli  to  iiinki'  ilm  latin. in.  it 
woiilil  111'  Worth  two  iH-axi'l-s'  itkins  ;  if  thirty  i-iyht. 
llimi'  skins  ;  ami  so  mi  Si-.i  ottnr  skins  am  tin-  nioHt 
V  iliialilr  fur  loiiml  on  tlm  Noilli  Ami'iinin  roift,  tlnii 
ii--iial  t.iliii'  in  till'  t.irill'  In  mu'  IwiIm-  hlanki-is  ,  ten 
l.laiiki-ls  lH'iii^>  ripii'.l  Io  a  I'liii  ;  toli.'iri'i  ami  ammniii- 
tnni  in  piii|n>rii.i|i. 

Tlm  rliarai'tnrislirs  ol  tlm  ilitli'irnt  trilii's  iiiliiiliilinu 
tlii'.-i'  ri-oioips  ai-i'  inli-ri'stiii;{,  a-  ihry  may  in.w  Is 
.'oii-'iili'i'i-il  onr  fnllow  loiiiiirx  nn-li  1 'l 

Tlm  linliir.is  Mini h  of  tlm  ColMinliiaii  Itivrr  tailoo 
lliim-r'w.  Ih'Iow-  till'  iin.iitli,  whirh  ({ivi-s  11  li^'lit  lilin- 
ap|s-ii|'iim'n  to  lhi>  roiiiiti-nain  n  Tln.>i>  at  tlm  inoilt  li 
.if  till'  I  oliiniliia,  anil  tor  I'mir  liiimln-il  inilis  up  il,  a-, 
wi'il  a-,  thosi'  of  I'mji-t  s  Soninl.  anil  Ilm  Stiai's  of 
Kiii-a,  anil  at  tlm  i-onlln'rii  put  of  Viinroiivir  Islaml, 
li.ivi'  tlmir  Ih-'iiIh  llitl'in-l  i|..»ii  in  llnir  iiilain-y. 
Tliosn  inli  iliitiii);  tin-  iiortli  part  of  tlm  i~ ml  lia\o 
tlmir  In  Ills  riiiiipii's.si'.|  into  a  roiiiial  ..ipn  ilnring 
iutaiicy  ,   tliJA  i.s  ilmm  l.y  means  of  a  bit.iilaui ,  wliuli  13 


PROM   THE   AIXANTIC  TO  TF!F,   PACIFIC. 


379 


ter,  hy  arr"w 

III  imrniiiglit 

t     tlir     con«t. 

small    citiiuo 

1(11   ii|ii>ii   soil. 

|lli'   III     IliillI'M, 

mil,    liliiwin^ 

W'l'     ttitc 

t   til    |nrMiil 

iril  iiiiH  ii'iii 

miruM  il  111  II 

tllr    rc>t  ll|i 

lilowlii);   i\ii<l 
ill  iiii(,'i_v  <<'ii 
nil.        It    wius 
I    iiili'iisf   IX- 
ii;    rmiiiii    i"ir 

IllllllHIlt,      till" 

lliiii;  liiiliaiiH, 

iii-.i'il    at    till? 

Iiu    cahiii-.   all 

•il  hiii''.  w  lirli 

11.  ami  ;.'iiiiliii); 

r  111'  llii'  ImiiiI." 

Y>llii«   Ciiiii, 

Iti'lIlM  liitil  111 

I'i  aii'l  iiiijiliis. 

h'hilliiij;.  Mini 

.lulls  air  IIM  il 

nil    iiliiiili;:  "^ 

I-    iililiiilii  li    III 

ilili'    ili'i'lli.  i>> 

I  ainiiil  liflfi  II 

l,ii-   I'l    |iii>»' 

,\li,    ilitrr    ill!' 

<i  |.i>  allarlii  il 

•    slirlU   Milk 

I  111'    Miilii'i-. 

«o      illi  Ill's     ill 

w,  mill  titiM'i'- 
illl  llir  ni.-" 
I'  \alilali|>' 
iliio  ilirl't'il-in 
;  till'  i-l:iii.liil(i 
il  iniiiilx-r,  ill 
.III  il  lliiriy- 
II  liiiliuiii.  it 
iliiilv  i-iylil, 

;ili'  till'  must 

II  masl.  lliiif 
laiikils  ,  till 
umi  aiiiiiiiiiii- 

lii's  iiiliiilutiiiK 

llllllN      lli'W      I"' 

I  llmr   lailio 
a  li;,'lil  lil'ii' 

lilt  till'  iilli 

nil  s  ii|i  il,  lis 
111'  Snails  "f 
liiiM  r    Islaii'l, 

lull       illlilll.V. 

i.     ml    liaM) 
,.i|i,'    ilwriiiK 
lie  .  »)iu  II  » 


woiinii    roiiml    tlir   fiiri'lir.lil   .iml    ;;niiliiMllv    ti^'liti'iii"!,  ' 
iinlil  illl'  lii'ail  lii'i'diiu's  111'  till'  i'i'i|iiiri'ii  -.lii,,-'. 

'J'lii'  11. 'Xt  trilii'  Iviiii;  ih'rili  III' tlirsi'.  "li  ili iitiiu'iit. 

xrf  ciillril  liy  till'  Ni.y  iijLiirs,  •'  I'.i'.'iiii  ., '  nr  ISiulips, 
I'rom  till'  tart  nl'  tli.'  t'i'iii  ilis  liavini;  iiinliT  lips  i'nlaiL;i- I 
by  tliu  iiisi'i-tiiiii  .,r  11  pii'ii'  111'  W11.11I.  .\  sill. ill  ml 
hIi'IsiIi'i-  jiiri-o  lit'  liiMi'  is  iii.^i  rti'il  tlirmiijli  tin'  iimlrr  lip 
of  til  '  inraiil,  I'loiii  Im'I'hv  iipw.irils.  ami  is  '^'iMn'iaily 
I'lilar^ril,  until  a  flat  )iirri'  nt'  w.ind,  tliii'i'  iiu'lii-s  Ihiil;, 
.niiil  an  iiu'li  ami  a  lial!  wiili'.  lias  rausnl  tlir  lip  in 
[irnlrinlt'  tn  a  rri'.ilill'ill  I'Xtriit.  tin'  priitni-iinii  iiiiri'asiiii,' 
with  iij{i'  ;  >;rrat  iiiipiirtiiiiri'  is  attai'liril  to  llm  siz>' ul 
till'  'ip.  as  it  iiilistitllti's  till'  st.lllilalil  lit"  I'lllLlli'  liralllv, 
it  alf^ii  marks  tlii' ililli'li'Ui'r  lii'lwri'ii  iiativi'  I'lir  wmiu'ii 
ami  llioir  slaves. 

Wlii'ii  till'  slii'k  is  ri'iiiHVi'il,  mi  any  .isiiti.  tin'  lip 

ilrnps  iliiwii  til  till'  rliiii.  pi'i'si'iitiii;^  iiiii'  nl  till'  iiiiisl 
tlis){ii.stiii(;  Kporl.iili's  iiiia^'iiiil'li'. 

Till'  mrii  siiiiii'liiiii's  wear  a  ring  tliroiiuli  tlii'  n.isn, 
forinril  111'  Ikuii',  or  ln-ajw  if  tln-y  i-aii  i;rl  11  ;  Imt  tlir 
prailii'i  IS  nut  iiiiiviTsal.  Tlii'\  wiar  ,1  1  ip  maili'  nl' 
the  lilirrs  n|'  rnlar  liark,  i,viiviii  very  tiiii'ly  tum'tlirr, 
(iml  a  lilaiikri  niaili'  tVniii  llu'  wnnl  ot'  ilii'  iiiniiut.iin 
Hiiri'p  ;  tlii'V  ari'  vmy  \al\ialili',  ami  takr  ynirs  in 
iiiakiny.  Fur  lino,  wliirh  I  prm'iirisl  w  illi  j/ivat  ililli 
rultv.  I  liail  In  pay  livi-  pmiiiils  nt'  Inliai'rn.  I,'ii  rliarijis 
111"  :iniiiiiiiiitinii,  ntn'  lil.inkrt.  nni'  pniiml  n(  licaijs,  two 
rliri  k  sliirts.  mill  om'  oiiik I  virmliinii. 

Tin'  ni'\t  triiir,  still  nmii'  nnr.li  llim  '.In'  last,  iiisiTt 
lii'ails  111'  vari'iiis  rnlmir.s,  twn  tliir.ls  nl'  tlii'ir  ilrptli.  intn 
till'  wli'ili'  liiiijlli  nriliii  npprr  lip,  jiivinj;  il  lln'  appi'ar- 
ami'  n|'  sn  niili'li  lirail  wmk. 

Ill  llm  iiiliri'ii  nt'  Ni'W  ( 'ali'ilmiia.  wliiili  is  last  nf 
Vain'iiiiviT  Islali'l  ami  imilli  ot'  I 'nliimlii.i,  aniniii;  llir 
frilM'M  rilli'il  •'  Tav  n  nil  tills,"  wlm  ,111'  also  Itili'iii's, 
itiiil  also  anion;;  oliiir  IriliiM  in  llii'ir  iii'i'.'lilioiirlin  "I, 
till'  riisloni  |iri\aili  111'  liiiriiiii'.;  tin-  limlii  s,  with  linii  n 
Btaiiri'S  III'  piiiili.ir  li.irl'.ili'y  to  tin'  wiilows  nl'  tii' 
ili'i'ftscil.  Till'  ili'ai!  Iiii.ly  111' till'  hnsliainl  is  l.iiii  n.ikiil 
upon  a  lii'4;i'  In'ap  1  1'  n  siimn.s  wuhI  ;  his  wili-  is  llii'ti 
pi.iiiil  upon  till"  il  Illy,  ami  rnvriiil  hmt  with  11  skin  . 
till'  pill'  is  tlii'ii  liu'liti'l,  aii'l  ill''  pnnr  wiini.iii  is  nni 
|«'lli'il  to  ri'iiiain  until  -in'  in  lii'irls  snll'ni'ali'il,  wli.ii 
hIio  is  rtlliiwi'il  III  ilisii'iiil,  as  Is't  slu-  ciii,  tlirnii:;li  'ln' 
hlnoki'  mill  llaiiii's.  No  siiiiinr  ilnr  sin-  i-iai-li  tin' 
Kriiiiiiil  tliiiii  si,'  is  ixpi'di''!  to  pf.M'ii  th"  i.'.'ly  rioni 
iM'i'oiniiiK  ilistorti'il  liy  'he  inlmn  nl  tin'  lirr.  or  tin' 
ninsili's  iinil  siin-ws  ;  iiinl,  whi'tirvi'!  sinh  an  rvi'iit 
takis  plarr,  sho  hiiist,  willi  liiT  Imri'  liainls,  ri'slori'  tin- 
liiiniiii!;  lorpsc  to  its  propiT  posiiinn  ;  hrr  priNon  Inin^ 
till'  wliolr  tinit'  I'xpiiM'il  tn  till'  snanhiiii;  I'lli'rls  of  tin- 
intiiisi'  hi'iii.  Shniilil  -hi'  tail  in  tin'  ilni'  p'rfnrniaini' 
of  I'lis  iiiilispi'iis.ililr  ntr,  I'rnin  wiikin'ss  nr  inli'iisity 
of  pain,  sill'  is  lii'!il  lip  liy  sonii'  oni'  until  lln  limly  is 
ciiMsnini'il.  A  ronliniiat  sinijiiii;  ami  la'atiiii;  ol  iliiiiiis 
is  ki'pt  up,  Ihrniiuhniil  till'  I'l'triiinny,  wimli  ilrnwns 
Ini-  rrii'H.  .Alti'rw arils,  sin'  iinist  inlli'it  tin'  iiin'nii 
mini  il  pii'i'-.'s  nf  lioni'  aini  aslns,  ami  put  lliiiii  into  a 
li.ii;  iiiaili"  fur  till'  pnrpnsi'.  w  liii  h  sin'  his  In  rarry  on 
lor  l.iiik  for  thri'  yi'iiH  ;  ii!iiaiiiin'_'.  for  tin'  timi',  a 
nIhvi'  to  111"-  Illl -1 1. 1  111  Is  rrlat  inns,  lii'iny  in'illirr  atlnwi  il 
In  wash  nr  I'ninli  h.rsilf  for  tin'  wlinlo  tiiiii',  "n  that  --lii- 
sunn  liiM'iinii's  u  most  ili-i.'iisiiiiu' olijri't.      .At  tlio  rvpiia 

tmii   of  till'   till yiars,  a   fr.ist  i.'   uivon   hy  Inrt'r 

iinntiirs,  who  invili'  all  tlin  I'liiii  Is  ami  iililimis  nf  Inr 
iiml  tln'lii-elvi'S.  At  lln  I'nmnirni'rinrlit  tllry  iliposil. 
witll  (fri'iit  i-rn-inniiN ,  ihi'  niimins  of  tin'  l.iiiiit  iliail 
in  11   hnx,  which   tiny  iilVix   tn  a  hijjh  polo,  und  iIuik'o 


ariiiinii  it.  The  wiilow  is  tin  n  strippril  :iakoil,  ami 
snii'arr.l,  finin  Inail  In  Inni,  willi  lisli  oil,  .hit  wliii  li 
mil'  nt  till'  liysianliis  tborwx  a  ipiantiiy  nf  swan'.s  ilow  11, 
iiHi'iim;  liiT  I'litiiii  piismi.  Sin'  is  thi'ii  iililijjoil  Ui 
ilaiiii'  with  till'  nthi'rs.  Al'tor  all  thi.s  is  over.  ,sho  is 
fri'i-  tn  marry  a^.iiii,  if  sin-   Imvo   lli"    inrlination   iiml 

r,iiii-.ii>i'  to  vi'iitiiii'  on   a  s Hill    risk  of  being   rna.stril 

alivi'.  ami  tlio  siili.si.im  nt  limiurs. 

It  li.is  oftrii  l.appi'iii'il,  that  II  wniiian  who  ha.s  inar- 
lii'il  a  SI  I'oml  hilsli.iml.  in  llm  Impi's,  |iiilia]is.  of  imt 
iiiitliviin;  liiiii.  ('nmiiiilti'il  siiiriili!  in  the  rvcnt  of  her 
liii-luinrs  ili'atii,  latlnr  llian  iimlir;;ii  a  -roiml  niihiil. 
I  waM  iiiialilti  In  Iraru  any  rxplmiation  of  thr  iimtivrH 
fir  tliisi'  rnnl  rili's,  ami  ran  only  ai'i'or,iit  I'm  this  in 
tin-  ni'.liiial  rlli-liiii'-s,  la.'iiiiss.  ami  (•rnill\  of  the 
linliaiis.  who,  jiroi'.ilily,  hnpi-  hy  tlii'si'  mciiiis  tn  ri'iiilir 
till".!'  wivi's  iiinii'  atii'iitivi'  In  tlii'ir  porsniial  omi'  ami 
rniiifoit  ;  whilst,  at  till'  sjinn'  linn',  il  siriiiis  thfiii 
frotn    a.s.siussin.itinn   rillirr   hy   a  joalmis   or  an   crrulit 

spollM'. 

Arroiiipanii'l  In  a    N.is.pially  rliii-f,  who    hail   I'miio 

lOi'rto     Vallinl|\il-    Islami     tn    Innk     fnr   a   Inst    will'     Mr. 

K  nil'  now  .sit  oli'fnrtlii'  main  lainl.  Thr  1  hii  f  shnWfil 
hiiii  an  nil!  pii',1-  nf  ncwspapir,  whiih  In'  saiil  hi'  hihl 
'Ip  wlnn  III'  imt  with  stranui'  Iii'lians,  who,  Mippnsiiij^ 
iiil'i  tn  111'  rarryiii;.'  ilr.-patrlirs,  allnwcil  him  to  pain 
witlmnt  mnlrsliilim..  Tin'  privilri;.'  of  thr  |Hist  is  n 
pisuliar  nil,'  in  this  cniinlry.  Tin'  llinlsmi's  Uav  iiumtH 
in  ili.ir;;!'  nf  tin'  vaiiniisstalinlis  liaxo  fniplriil  nriasiiili 
to  si'inl  hlliTs,  soim  linii'S  for  a  I'lHisiihiaMi'  ilistaliir, 
wlii'ii  it  is  I'itlirr  iiiiniin'iiiint  or  ini|nissilih'  fnr  tin  in 
In  lit  niit  a  raiini'  with  ihi'ir  own  imii  to  rally  it  In 
siirh  rasrs  tin'  httrr  is  ;;iMti  tn  an  Imliaii,  w  im  1  .irrirs 
il  as  far  as  suits  his  rmiviiiiiiiri'  ami  Nilily.  Ho  llirii 
-ills  till'  litti-r  tn  aiintlnr.  who  r.irriis  it  niilil  hi  limts 
an  nppnriiinity  nl  mHiii.^  it  to  ailvaiit.i^'.  It  is  lliii!) 
pi-siil  mi  ami  sniil  until    it    iirrivcs   nt    its  lirstinatiou, 

u'lMiliially     iiii'ii'isiii','    in    \a! ninnlin^;   to  ilistaiico, 

ami  lln-  last  pns-.s-ir  IrroiMlii,'  tin'  ri'Walil  fnr  its  sal'.: 
il'livi'iy.  In  this  maiimr  hllris  aio  firipnntlv  n'nt 
with  |i<rlis't  .sirnnly,  ami  with  niiirli  jinatrr  lapiilily 
than  iniijil  111'  limn'  nlln  |»  iso 

Wliili'  pill, ilim;  p.isi  1,11  i.-.iilalnl  rmk  mi  tli  ir  way 
arrnss  to  l-'nit  Vamniivcr,  tho  olil  rhiif  M'latisl  tlio 
fiillowiiii{  ir;;i ml  of  tin-  Nasipially  Itnrk,  which  slumla 
alioiit  six  or  M'vcn  fi'ft  iilii.M'  till'  water  : — 

'•  It  is  iiianv  a  ninnii  siinc  a  NiiMpially  fiiinily  livoj 
iii'.ir  till'  spni.  It  cniisisti'il  iif  a  willow,  wii|i  tour 
soii-i  ;  mil"  of  tlnlll  Wa.-*  liy  Inr  lil-l  hllslialnl,  lln-  ollior 
llui'i'  liy  till  sii'iiml.  The  tlilie  \  mincer  snlis  treateii 
tin  ir  ehler  lirnlher  with  ni'' at  iinkimliie-s.  lefn.sing 
liiiii  any  sliaro  in  their  liiintin^'  ami  li^him,':  he,  on  thu 
emitr.iiy.  wi-hini;  to  ciimlli.ile  ihcin,  alwa\sya\e  llu'lll 
a  slniie  nf  Ills  spnils.  lie,  in  fart,  was  a  (in  at  lln  ilieilic 
III  111.  alllmilu'll  thi.s  was  iinklinwii  In  tin  in  ami,  lH'ili|{ 
tire. I  of  tli-'ir  liar^h  lieatnient,  whii  h  mi  kimlin  >sii|i  lii.s 
paii  seeiin  .1  Id  sofliii.  heat  liie^'ih  iisnKeil  to  ti  laliate. 
lie  a.cn'iiiii;,'ly  one  ilay  t'liti  reil  the  Iniliie,  win  re  llioy 
were  fi'.isliii;,'.  ami  Inhl  ihein  there  was  a  Iar);o  seal  li 
slnrl  ilislaliee  oil'  Tiny  ilisl.intly  mi/eil  tin'.r  sih'M-m, 
ami  staiteil  in  the  ilireeiimi  he  |Hiiiileil  out  ;  ami.  com- 
ing' lip  to  the  aliim  il.  the  1  1. lest  ilrnM'  lii.s  ^lpear  into  it 
This  si:ilwas,i  '•.'lilt  nil  ilieiiie,' II  filiiiliar  of  the  ehliT 
lirniliers,  who  hail  hiinsell  enaleil  linn  for  the  occa- 
si"ti.  Tlio  fnreinnst  hail  110  snmier  ilriM  11  in  hi-  -p<'«r, 
than  he  fniilnl  it  i  ip..ssili|e  In  ilisetli,Mi;i'  hit  haml  from 
the  h  imlle,  nl-  t.  li  iw  il  mil:  the  two  otlieiH  'Imvfl 
Ul  theim  with  ..  liku  vtloct.     Thu  bcid  now  tuuk  to  iLe 


1    I 


I.IM' 


\h  ■  \ 


j"i 


W' 


If  •} 

:  1' 


9S0 


ALL  ROUND  THK   W'OlUAl 


w.iici-.  iini«>;iiiR  tlii'm  iifti-r  it.  :iii<l  sw  mi  l.ir  oni  tu  sen. 
HiiviiiL,'  tr.ivilii'il  lur  m.iiiv  mill's,  tin  v  ^:lw  an  islainl 
ill  till'  lll^l.■llll■l',  lo«.ii-il.s  wliicli  llii'  si-al  iiiaili'.  I  hi 
iii-aiiiii,' till'  slioii',  ihrv  I'.iiiiiil  for  llu'  tir-it  tiiiii'  that 
tlii'V  nmld  niiiiivi'  tlh  ir  liainls  tVuin  lliir  i-fii'.ii-s.  TIh'v 
iirroi'iliiinly  laiiilnl.  ami.  sii|>|».siiii'  tliriii.ii'Ui's  in  .'.onic 
nii'irii's'  ciiiiiiti'v.  tln'V  In. I  in  :i  i'|iiiii|i  nf  ImisIii'.s  Iroiii 
ii'scrvatioii.  \\  liilc  Ivinn  cniii-iali'il.  tliiy  .'<ii«  a  iliiiii 
imtivf  caii'ii'  rnnniii;  roiiiiil  ii  p'liiit  in  the  ili>t.iiiri'. 
|iailil|i'i|  liy  II  vi'iv  liltif  man,  wli",  ulnn  lio  i-aim' ii|i|iii 
siti-  til  wlirrr  tlii'V  NVi'ii'.  anrliiiriil  lii.s  Imat  w  illi  ii  kImIii' 
altarlii'il  to  a  Imh^'  liiH',  wiiliniit  |»i-ri'i\  in;;  llirm.  Ili' 
iiuw  sprann  iiM-r  till-  >icl.'.  ami  iliviiii;  ilnu  ii  iiiiiainiMJ 
a  liiiii,'  tiiin'  umlir  w.iiii-  At  Iriiu'tii,  li'!  ihm'  t>  tin' 
sairtix'i',  ami  limii^'lit  with  liiiii  a  lai'i.'i'  ti^li,  wliirli  hi' 
thri'w  into  tin-  Imat  ;  this  hi-  n'|"ali'il  si'V.Tal  liiin-s, 
vtu'li  tiiiii-  |oi>kiii<;  in  to  rniint  Jii!  ti^li  In'  h  nl  raiiL,'lit. 
The  thi'i'i'  liiMlhii's  liciiii;  v  iv  I  iiii','ry.  nm'  oriliiiii 
otl'tTi'il  to  s«  ini  lint  wliili'  the  lit. If  man  wis  ninlir 
wati'r.  ami  shal  .nu' "t"  tin'  li^li.  Tliis  he  sati-ly  ai-cnm- 
|ilishi'il  !>' i''>ii>  till'  ri'tiii-n  nt' tlu'  li>hi'nii  in  :  hut  ih<' 
iittli"  fill.ivv  n"  -•niii-r  ii'miii'il  with  aii'iliii'i-  li>li   than 

111'  ilis.'nvii.  .1   that    I"  tli'isi'  alri'i'ly    iati;;lit    was 

liiis^iiiu'.  ami  slii'li-hiii;^  mit  his  h.iml,  Ih'  |ias.-'il  it 
slinvly  mI  ail,'  th.-  Ii  ai/.  ai  niitil  it  |i.iinli'il  tn  tliiir  |ila.i' 
of  OMiii  ralui.'iit.       Ill-    ii'iw  |iiilliil    ii|i    his   -imh.ir.  ainl 

Iia.Mh'il  ti  ih.'    sli'iii'.  ami    liiii lial.-ly  ili>r.ivi'ii',i    lli.' 

tlirrif  lira  Inr^  ;  an  1  lii'iii;;  as  niiri' iilmi^ly  strong  as  In' 
wius  ihniiiiiii  iM'.  Ill'  tii'il  tliiir  hainls  ami  t'l'i-t  liiiji'thi'r, 
ami,  t|ii"«  in^  ihi'iii  iiit'i  his  ran."',  |ia.|.|li'il  hack  in  thr 
iliii'i'M'in  fr  »ii  w  lii'iii't' III'  lia'l  runn'  lla\iiii.'  I'onmli'il 
till'   ih-taiit  |i<iiiit.    w  hi'ii' t  h>'y  Ii.mI  lirst    ihs.  rini    him, 

tlii'V  I'aiiii'  tn  a  villas;!'  inh.iliiliii  U:  .i  rarr  nf  | ]•]•■  as 

K  iiill  as  thi'ir  ra|itiir  ;  tln-ir  Ihinsi'v  li.iats,  ami  iiti'ii^iU. 
hi  in;;  all  in  |iri|i'>i  linn  In  ihi'iii-ilws. 

"  Till'  I  hill'  liiuihi'is  \\rr>'  ihrii  t  iki'ii  nut  .ami  ihr.  iwn, 
hniiml  as  tjii'V  wi'iT,  intn  a  lull,'!',  whilst  I  I'Mimil  wis 
I'  ail  ('111'.  I  t"  ilri'iili-  n|i  'II  I  hi  ir  fill'.  I  <iii  iii^;  tin'  sliiinj» 
nf  till iimil.  an   iiiinit'ii~i'   lI'M'k   ii(  hir.U.  ii^i'mMiii:; 

>.''l''(!,   lull    llini'll     I  il'lirr,     |1  Mllli'l'il     ilnHli     nil     till'     illlll 

hitants,  a'nl  rniiiiiii'mi'!  a  \  i.ihiit  all  nk.  'I'lirsi' liinls 
h  I'l  till'  |inw.r  nf  tliinwiii'.;  thi'ir  sharp  i|iiilU  likf  |ini- 
(iipinrs  :  ami  altli'aii,'li  tin-  linU-  »  iirinrs  fmii^li'  with 
u'li-at  \al.air.  tliry  sn.m  i.r.iiii.'  i-mi'ii'il  with  tlic 
imiriii;;  i|  irts,  an  I  all  sink  in-riisihli'  tn  tin' ^rmiml 
U'lii'ii  ill  ri'si-tiimi'  hail  .iisiil  iln'  liir.K  in.ik  to  lli;;lit. 
ami  ilis.i|i|>i' ii'i'il. 

'•'I'hi'  hrnlhi'is  ha.l  \\iim>-i-,|  iln nlli   I   fi'  in   tln-ir 

I'lai  (' nf  rnnfnii'iin'iit.  arl  »itli  in  nh  l.i'' "ir  h  nl  sin-. 
ircili''!  in  |-i'liasiii:{  tln-n;-i-i\i-s  I'l  >iii  tin  ir  li-anl-,  win-ii 
lliry  wi'iil  to  tin-  lialtli'i,'i'inii.|  an  I  ■•■iniim-ii'-i'il  |iiillin;; 
llii' i|'iills  fr nil  till'    a|i|iari'iilly  lif'-li->'    Im.iIu's  ;    Imi  no 

I- i-r  h.-l'l  lln-y   il tlii>  ill. .11  all    i^i^t  mllv  ii'rnvi-riil 

ti  rn|iM-inii>in->s.  Vt'lnri  allnl'ilniii  lii-l  In-,  •aiii'  \>  i  II 
iiiiaiii,  lii-y  waiiti-'l  in  slin«  tln-ir  >,'i-atil in h  In  tin-  pri 
Kiiii-rs,  ami  nll'iri '1  t'l  ;;raiii  tthali-iir  tlii-\  sli  iiihl 
ili-sin-.  Th"  lil-nthi'rs  |-i-'|ili'slt'c|  to  Im  sent  ha.  k  to 
tln-ir  nvvii  i-Minlrv.  \  i-num  il  »ii~  l-.iIIi-.I  tn  .li-i  iiln  mi 
till' i-isii-st  111. nil-  •)(  ilnim,;  Ml,  ami  lln-y  i-vinlually  ih'- 
liriiiim  I  ii|i  .11  i-iii|iln\  iiii»  .-I  whah'  for  tin'  |nir|insi-.  Tin' 
liliilli.  1~  «.  If  lln-n  si-ili-i|  on  tlin  Ki.  k  >'f  llm  nnnisli  r. 
uinl  |ir '.'<■• 'h-l  in  tin-  ilirirlioii  nf  Nas.|ii.illy  I|..m 
•'ver,  win'li  tlmv  hail  rn  irln  i|  ahmil  Inill  w  iv,  lln  v\|iili' 
lii'i;aii  tn  tliiiik  what  a  tnni  he  was  tn  i-niy  llniii. 
iii-|i-nl  nf  iiiiniii:{  tlniii  into  |Kir|iniM's,  :iinl  hltiii;; 
tlii'lii  srtiiii  Imiiii'  thrliiM-lM-s.  Nn«  till'  «  hah'  i*  i-.>n- 
ni'liTi-'l  Is  a  "^n.'li  a  II  li  yah.  nr  tirnat  ."Spirit  alllmii'.'h 
In.t    ihu     •'iiiiir   .ts    till'    II  11.1  ^'o.■h  a  II  li  vu!'     nr  til'L-iil; 


'  ni;.'li  Spirit  -|.o.ssi'.s.siM;,' iri-natcr  powi-r  timii  all  olln'r 
anim.ils  put  ln;,'i-||ii-|- ;  iinil  no  .somn'r  hail  In-  llnnnsht 
iipnii  I  hi'  m.illii-  than  In-  i-arrii-il  il    into  ill'i-i-t.      This, 

ai ilinuly.  is    till-    way  thi-    porpnisi-s    lirst  cann'   into 

r\i>lriiri',  ami  iici-nnnls  fur  tln-ir  linim^  i-niistaiillv  at 
war  with  tin-  sials,  om-  of  wliiili  spri  ii-s  was  tin-  ciin.si' 
nf  lln-lr  iiiisf a-iiiiic.  After  tin-  tliii-i-  lirnilnrs  hail  sn 
slraiifcly  ili.sappi-an-il.  llnir  imitln-r  rami-  ilnw  n  to  tln- 
h'M  I,  anil  iiiii.iiml  tin  rn  for  ilays  wali-hiii^j  Inr  llnir 
rrliirn,  ami  iM-w.iilini;  Ihrirali.si-m-i- w  iih  trais.  Whilst 
thus  i-iii;ii.'i-il,  nin'  il.iy,  tho  w  li.ih'  happi-liril  In  pn.ss. 
ami  tiikili;;  jiity  mi  In-r  ilisM-i-s.s,  tiirinil  Inr  into  that 
.slom-." 

<»ii  thi!  Int  of  .liilv.  Mr.  I'anI    Kann  h-lt  l-'..rt  V.-ni 
iniivi-r,  in  rmiip.iny  with  tin-  liri^jmli' of  Imuts  that  ha>l 

<ni Inwiithi'    nvi-r,  from  various    |K>iiils,    wilhtiirs, 

.iml  rrlnrniil  with  tln-ir  mitliis  for  the  winii-r.  'I  In- 
linn,  whn  wi'i-n  iilln-.vi-il  ii  ri-|,'.ili'  thi'  first  iiiylit  of 
start  iii'j.  plh'il  thi'ir  oars  with  x  i;;oiii',  hut  stiil  llin  ilihiv 
of  jKiria^i's  Has  I'vnr  ill  tin-  way  of  rapiil  pmyiiss. 
An  lln-\  apprnai-hnl  thn  plan'  w  hire  the  Walla- WaPa 
ih'liniH'hi's  into  till'  t'niiimliia  iiivi-r,  tlnv  laiiir  in  .si;;lit 
of  two    f\lr.-ni|-i|iii  ir\     rm-ks    p|-n|iiiiiii;    (Vmii    a    hli;li 

siii'p  inin-,  nr    II ml,  almiii    si-\iii  hiimlri'il  li-rt  ,-ilin\.. 

tin-  l.v.l  of  tin-  rmr  ^.^■  -  p.  367  i  Tins.-  are  .-..Ih.l 
l.y  liii-  i;ii„ifi.iii:i  I  In-  I  hinim-s  l!n.  ks,  nml  frmii  tln-ir 
h.  iml;  Msilile  Irniii  a  fji.il  ilisiaini-  lln-y  an-  vi-r\  .sei  ■ 
\  irca'.ji-  iis  lamlniai'ks. 

•Tin'  Wall.i  Walla  Imliaiis  rail  lli.se  the  •  Ih.ik.s  nf 
lln-  K\i-  i|si>  (;iils,'nf  whii-h  tiny  nlale  the  f.iUnw  im,; 
h  L"inl.  «  hiili  w  IS  Inhi  tn  iiii-  \i\  an  liiiliaii,  whilst  I 
Wis  sKil.  him,'  this  cMLinriliiiai  y  .sii  lie.  It  must  lie 
h'irm-  ill  niiinl  that  all  linli.iii  tiihcs  .seh-el  snim-  .-iiiimal 
In  w  hi.  Il  lln-y  attrii  nl.-  siipi-niatnral.  or  in  lln-  laiii;iiaL;e 
nf  till-  iniiiiiiy,  nii'/iriiie  pnvMi.s.  Till-  \\  hall,  f.-rin 
sl  im-e,  on  ihe  iinrtli  west  enasi  .    the  lire  via.  m  Wi  re 

l-LlU'lc.   nil     lln-    last     si.le    nf    the    llniky    .\l  n'lll,  I  ai  lis,    slip- 

posi.l  I.I  lie  the  maker  of  thiimlir  ;  ami  tin-  Wolt  on 
llie  ( 'nliiiiiliia  lil\er.  Nnw  the  >;ri  at  Ineiliriiii'  wnll  mi 
the  (nliiiiiliia  IJiver-- .iii-iirilini,'  tn  lln-  Walla  Walla 
Irnlitimi,  the  ninst  eniiiiliii,' ami  artful  nf  nil  .Maiiilmi.s 
li.i\iii4  liear.l  that  a  ynat  im-ilnine  );rasshnp|i<r  w.i.s 
ilesol.iliiiL;  the  whole  of  the  cmiiitrv  wlii.li  of  ri^lit 
lielnii;,'i.i|  III  himsi-U'.  Illlll  was  espei  iaily  ninli  r  his  pro 
tei-ii.iii.  imim-.li.iti  ly  iis.iUeil  tn  liaei-  him  mil,  ami 
have  a  pei-suiial  em-niiiili  r  w  ilh  him.  With  this  \  iew 
lie    prnreeileil     lliiwn     the    lal.ks    i.|     ||ie    rivel.  aliil  'ooM 

fell    ill  with    tl I.|.-.  t    of   his    s,  ar.  h        Rieli    of  the.se 

fnrmi.l  ihl.'  .M. mil. Ills  ili..iiehi  II  lust  III  II  snrt  tn  stra- 
laifilii  1.1  in.  T.  iiine  liis  npj.nii,  iil  liiiii^;  allaiil  of  eaell 
nthi-ls  III.. 11.  nil-'  piniirs,  tlie\  11-11. r.|illi.'ly  inliililelieeil 
hy  ex.lian;;iiii;  ii\iliiiis,  ami  llieli  wiili  a  view  of  teiri 
fyini;  eaeh  nllnr.  I  e^jaii  In.-,  .tiiii;  i.f  their  wniiihiliil 
evplnits.  ami  the  nnml.eisi  ihe\  hail  killeil  ami  rateii. 
The  L'r.«s.slnip|K-|-  sahl  to  the  w  ilf  that  the  Lest  way  to 
a.siert.iin  who  li.nl  lii-vonri-.l  the  lai-fisl  iiiiinl.ers.  wmilil 
liet.i  v.iiiiit  lip  the  eniileiils  of  tin  ir  n-speetivi-  sinniaelis, 
ami  he  wh  >  threw  'ip  iiinsi  hair-thai  helm.'  an  imli 
U'estilile  siilisliim-e  hy  sh'iuini.'  whn  lia<l  sw.illnwi.l 
im.st  animals  shmiiil  i.e  r.-iisiilei-.-il  as  the  siipi-rinr.  I  o 
this  prnjjos.il  the  w.ill    .■..iisi-i.leil.  ami    they  e. .ninnlH-ed 

r Iiiin;  ami    vnmiimn    ii|i  all    in    their   iispeeliM-   sti>- 

iiia-hs  The  ni.isshnpjiii .  in  the  violeine  ..f  his  i\i  i  linns, 
iialiiially  elnsi-il  his  i-m  ,,,  uml  the  wnlf  peri-eiv  iiii;  this, 
ailr.iitly  ilrew  a  i.'ieil  part  of  his  oppmieiii  s  share  over 

In  Ills  nw  II  si.le  W  It  In  .111  iM-ilii.' ilele.t ,  il  The  HI  issln.ppi  T, 
when  he  |i.rii  inil  h..w  miii  1;  l.irp-r  the  pile  l.i.|..ri  tho 
Wnlf  Wiks    tli.in    lii.s  .lis  II.  i,':i\e  lip  tin.  iniil(-Mt.    uinl    pr.j- 


I  M  otlicr 

II'      tllMll^jIlt 

•.I,    •riii>, 

LMini'  intii 
istiiiitly  itl 

I  tin-  ciiUM! 

HTS     lliul    S't 

i«n  t.i  til.' 
;;  t,ir  til.  Il- 
ls. \Vliil>t 
•il  to  ).;is«. 
•   into  lliat 

I-'. .ft  V:in 

Is   til.ll    ll.l'l 

,  «itli  liM-, 
inter.  '111.' 
>l    nijilit   I'l' 

ill  lllr  ill  liv 

III  |.r.ij.'i-i». 
^■i.lla-WMliM 
iinu'  ill  si;;lit 
iiiii    il    liii^li 

II  llTt    llll.'V 

,..  aiv  .-..11.  .1 
1  Iriiiii  tliiir 
III'  vciv  n\  ■ 

„'  •  i;...k>  i.f 

III'   t'.'l'..'«  iiiil 

illl,    wllllst      I 

It  inii>t  In' 
si.nii'  iiniiniil 
till'  l;llililllli;i" 
,  lllllr.   I.'l-  ill 

u-M.  i.iWin' 
iiiliiiii~.  >ii|i 
till'  Willi  -.11 
liiii'  Willi  i.n 
|\\.ill;i  \V:illii 
1  Miuiili'iis 
|i..|.|wr  «.i.s 

,1,  I.f  liuM 
lull  I    Ins   I  1.1 

III  .'III.  nil. I 
lull  itii^  \  ii-w 

.1.  ni.il  -."III 

,ill      III     tlll'M' 

„,ii    t.i  sirii- 

ll.il.l  ..f.-:l.ll 
I  .illilll.'l.i'i'l 
1,   u   I.f  ti'M  I 

I  u..iiil<  rliil 
illlil  riltt'li. 
I.i.-.t  wiiv  to 

il.rl':,.  Wiillld 

M-  .'.i.iinaclis, 
iii:  nil  io'li 

I     SW..ll..«..l 

|ii|..  ri.'i'.      I" 

IllllH   IllT.I 
|.I(I1M'     >til 

i>  I'M  rtii.ii!<, 
■  'i\  iiiL'  tliix. 

|»   illJIIi'  OVIT 

I  i>>li..|.|«'r, 
'  l.ifi.i.  till' 
I,   uii.l   pru- 


l-UOM   THE   ATLANTIC  TO    I'lIE  I'ACIKlCJ. 


381 


pojipil   to  till-   wolf  an  I'Xiliiinu'.'  of  sliiils  in  t'llcn  i.l'  li,-..!    liis   tii'iul    and   iii'iii.s   oiilaii'.;l.'il    in    tin'    Hliirt,   he 

nniity   ami    f..r;;i'  .'ii.'ss.      To   this  al.-;o   |lii>   \v..|f  I'.m  killi.l  tiiin. 

WMiti'il,   liiit    r.'.|iii'st.'il  till'  yi'as',li..|i|.i'i'  to  tak.' oil'  jiis  •• 'riii.  w,,|f  liaviii','   lliin  ;.'..i    ril   of  lii-i    li'.iiil.li's..Tni) 

uliirt  tirst,  as  III'  W.I.S  tli.'  liisl,  |ii'..|i.isi'i'  ;    Imt   tin- ijni.ss  ami  <laii;,'i'ii.ii.  inal,  (..mnn'iiii  .1  his  r.iuin  I1..111.',     I  )n 

lioppi'i' r.  fiisi-.l  a:i.|  wi.slicil   illl'  wolf  to  ('oiiiiiii'ni'i.   till'  ail  i\  ill.,'   witliin    a    fi-w  mill  s   uf  tin'    Walla  Walla,    In- 

ciiwiioiiy.  saw   diiii'  lii'iiitiliil    Kyr  iim-  fjirls,  with   whom   he  li'll 

"Till- «.ilf  Illl  illy  avri-ii"!  I.l  lliis.  aii.l  siriKihi;  hiiii  ,.lf  1' ■-j'.'iali-ly    in    lovi-:    tiny    wi-it   I'liiiiiu'i'l    in   i'arr\  iiit; 

Kiiil.lriily  on  illl'  l.ii'isl,    his  shii't,  inn Iiali'ly  th'W  oil';  "Liih's    nilo    iho   livi-.    nliT  t..   niaki'  an    arlili.ial 

till- j.'ia-sli..|.|.i'r  was  ;;i'.'ally  iistoiiislii- I,  ami  not    Iniir,'  .i-.'..!"  or   ia|iii|  1..  .'ai.h    th.'   salmon    in    lia|iii  o  ov.t 

j)ossi'>M'il   of  any  rlianii  w  lii'iil.y  li.'  .'.al  1  -.ii'iii  hi  111 -.If  ii,      Thi'  w..lf  sc.  i-clly  w.iiihi  .1  ijiiii-  i.|nialii.iis  iliirin;; 

lii><'X|piililioils|y,  was   ohliu'i'.l    to    l.iki'    .  ll'  his  sliiil    l.y  (h.    .1  .y.  ami  fi'|iai|-.' i  at  ni'.:ht  to  tin'  ilain  ami  1  nlir.'ly 

Iho  roniim.ii  «  ly  of  .lia«  inu'  it  ov.i-  his  hi'a.l  ;  tin'  woif  ili'.^li-oyi'.l  tin  ir  Hnik  ;    tlii^    h.'    ii'|.i'ati'.|    for  tlii.i'  .sue- 

now  watilii'.l  hisoj.[iurlunily,ani|  wliiir  tin- •jra.s.-hoiii.i'r  |  cossive  cvi'i.ing.s.      On  lln;   foiirlh  inuriiiii^'  lir  saw  thii 


.(I  ace 


THE    H«RON    OE   WOG*N    AT    tHE    COUNCIL   OF   JUDGMENT. 


.jirls  sit    wi'i'|iiii'4  I'll    ill.'   1. ink.  ami    a.'iM-l.'.l  tin  in,   in-  south  si.lo  of  ih.'  1  n  •  r.   ami  ili.  11  i'liani,'ii|   liim-cll   into 

.|iiiriii'.;  wh.il  «.i^  till'  111  ill  rr  ;    'lny  tohl  linn  lln'y  w.to  a  l,iii,'i'  ro.k.  siimi-«  h  il  Miailar  to  tin  in.  on    lln'  iioilli- 

sl.irviin;.  as  tli"V  roui.l   i."t  li'>  h-h   I'.rwint  ol   a  il.im.  siih',  so  th  i|  hr  iii..;lil  wall  li  I  ln'iii  1  M-r  all.  1  «.ii.ls.      I 

III'  ihi'ii  |ir.i|'o" 'I    t..   I'll  .■!    a   ilim  f.r   ili.iii.   if   lliry  a  lo-.j  tin' n  irial..r  «  li.il  li  .il  ln'inim' of  th.' iliinl  sister! 

woiilil   I'on.seiit    ti    l.iioini'    lii~    wives:    l..    whi.li    lliev  S,i\-.lii',  '  I 'id  voil  iml    ..l.-rr\e  :v   I'.neiii   as   \  on  eaiini 

coiisi'iiteil  sooner  than  peiish   from  want   of  I0..I       A  n|i ''      I    s.iiil'ihil   S    li.nl.'     ■'i'hal.   In'  leplieil.    'is  ull 

loiii;  jKiinl  of  sloiies  riiniiiii'.{  iienly  airos,s  th.'  liv.  r  is.  ih  il   leiiiains  of  h.  . 

to  this  il.iy,  atlril«iil.'.l  t"  ill.'  w.ill  iovii  .  <  >n    th.'    IJlh   ih.      >■  '.he.l  Walla  W.iila.  .s.ii.l  to  I.0 

'•  Ki.r  .1    loiiu  linn'    lie  live.l    li.i|.|iily  with   lln'    lliree  sKiiile.l    in  11  ili\ .    s.miy     ileseil,    the    Imlians    livin)} 

Kintei's  (a   custom   vi  rv   frii|iient   .iiiioiin    linlian-.  «li'i  almost    eiiii'ily   ii|iiiii    s.ilii.oii    ihroiiL'li.nit    the    wlmlo 

innrrv  a»   nianv  sisters    in    a   fiiiiiiiy   as    lli.'y  em.   ami  m.h'.      Tin -e    in    th.'   |.ioi'ess  of  ilniii;;.    are    said  to 

aBxiirii    as   a   reason    that    sisters    will    ii.iinialls    a^ii"  l.i'.s.im'  lille.l   with   s.iml   to  siieli  an  extent  lis  In  wear 

to^jctlier  lietter  than  stram^ersl ;   Inil  at  1.  infill  the  w.ilf  a«  ly  th.'  In  lli  of  ihe  linli.ins  ;   -iml  .111  Imliati  is  sehlom 

lieeai:  e   jealous  of  his  wiv.'s,   ami   hy   his  Mi|ii'riiatiir.il  iml  »\itli  over  t'orly  Jears  ut'  a^.'  wIuliu  t.'elh  are  uot 

|i..Hei>  I  liaii,'e.l  two  of  them  int.)  Iiasalt  i.iilirmiii  the  w..in  (|iiit<' to  tin' K"nis 


882 


ALL  ROUND  TUfi  WORLD. 


Ji! 


It 


III  tlin  vioiiiitv  of  this  fnrt  Walla  \V:illa  U  llic  mi'ih' 
of  II  ili|ilnnili!c  trii','c-ily  wliirli  tunlr  |il:i,-.'  iiiicj.r  Mr. 
I'aiil  K.iim's  iiiiiiinlKitn  ii.itii'f,  anil  is  imrratrii  I'V  liiiii 
art  tiilLiHS  :  — 

■'.//I'y  IS//1  — Siiirlr.l,"  s.iNs  Mr.  Taiil  K.ith',  "  Cu- 
Hi.  W'liiliiiaii  s  mi^Millll,  u  clwiinci'  •>{'  ^i\ly  iiiilfs, 
mitliiT  I'lV-rIC  (ir  my  inaii  kipiwiiin  aiiylliiii;;  nf  llii' 
rii:iil.  I  i'ii|iiin'il  of  one  <>(  tlic  Imlian.rt  litii' ;  lir 
IMiiiitcd  out  'Jic  (lircftioii,  Imt,  I'^M  us  tliat  wi- KlmuM 
he  .sure  t"  ilii'  I'nr  want  of  wal«T  iK'Inrc  \m-  riMiliiij  it. 
nor  niiilil  wi'  |iri'i.iil  on  any  of  tlii'in  to  yiiiilr  \n. 
Howc'MT,  «!•  ^ta|■tl■||  in  tlii'  iliiri'tinii  |Miiiiii'>l  mit  ; 
tilt'  wcalliir  was  iiiliiiscly  li'>t,  ami  wr  liaii  ii'>i|iiiiir  t<i 
sliillcr  ii.-i  fi'iiii  till'  .-i-..r.liiii'.»  iiiyr)  111' tin- .sun.  will. li 
Wric  rrllili'l  I'nk   liV  tin'  Ihil   Vi'lh'VV  Slllil.      'I'ow  irJ- 

til iciilli'  iif   till'  (lay    wi'  uiiM-rviil    a    Imsli   in    tin' 

iliNlaiic'i',  ami  in  oiir  lino  of  iiiarcli  ;  «!■  i'a;,'iily  riisli'  1 
fiirwanl.  ami  liojifil  to  liml  watfr,  f  ir  w.iiit  of  wlii.li 
luitli  oiir^i'lvt's  ami  our  Iimi'-i-i  wen-  imw  Milliiini,' 
Kt^vi'i'i'lv.  Iiiit  lia'l  tlir  nii'i'tlli  itimi  to  liinl  tlii'  >tri'aiii 
(Irii'il  ii|',  if  I'Vir  tlnri'  liail  lurii  on.'  tln'ii-.  Our  only 
li(p|)i.'  was  imw  to  slriii;i;li'  011  as  fast  as  |Kissilp|i'.  Imt 
o\ir  lioisi's  KiMiii  licyaii  111  fiil,  ami  wi'  wi'io  ulilinnl  tn 
Icail  tliciii  niaiiy  a  wrary  iiiili'.  tnttrriii^'  «  illi  .xliaiisiinn, 
liiforc  «!•  arri\ril  at   tin'   iiii>sionliiiuM'.       This  \vi'  at 

l('n;;lli  an ipli^liril.  aliniil   six   o.  I.ick  in  tin- I'Vi'iiini;, 

mill  I   was   Miy  kimlly    rrrrivf.l    liy    tlir   niissiniiary  s 

will'. 

"  hr.  Wliil  man's  ilutic'rt  wen' those  ,,f  sn|ii'rintt'mli'iit 
of  till-    Aimiiiaii    I'lisliN  tcriaii   nii^^i'in.   t>ii   tin'  wrst 
siili-oftlii-  iforky  Mountains,      lli-  has  Imilt  hiiiisilf .k 
liiiMM'  iif  iiiiliiiriit   I'lay    for  want  of  liiiiiiir.      lie  has 
ri'si.li '1    at    this    loiality   on    tlii(    hanks  .if  the    W'alla- 
Walla  liiviT  ii|iw.irils  of  liuht  yi- irs,  li.iiin;  all   in    his 
jKiw.r  to  hiiiilil  till'  Inili.'ins   in   his  nii>-n.n.      llf  has  [ 
liiniii;lit  fuiy  or  lil'iy  ii'ii  s  nf  lainl  in  tlif  vicinity  of  j 
thr   ri\rr   nmliT   ('nlli\ali<>ii.    an<l   hail   a  ^n'l.it   ni.iny  I 
hcrils  iif  iloiiii'slii'  cattle.   airiiiiliii:{  f;ii'alt'r  c.iinloil    In  | 
Ills  family   than  mii'    wnuM   ('\|s'i  l  in  mii  h  an  isnIaO'l 
H|Hit.      I    I't'iiiaimil    with    liiiii   linir  ilays.  il  o  iii.;  whirli 

111'  kimll'.'  a iii|iaiiiri|  im'  aimnijjst  llic  Imliaii^.    Thi'.-i' 

Imiiaiis,  the  Kyr  ii-c,  rcscml'lc   llic  Walla  Walla  xciy  ! 
iiini'h        'lli'V    lire    always  allies    in     war,    ami   tin  ir 
lan;.'iia;.'e   ami   customs    ale    alimist     iilentical,    excejit  I 
that    the    K ye-tise    Imliaiis  are    tar    limit'    %  i<  inns  iiml  I 
nni."i>il  lial  le.  I 

"  Mr.  W  liitnian  tonk  me  In  the  huh^^i'  uf  an  Iniliiin 
calleil  I'll  mi  kiis  that  I  mi.'lit  t.ike  his  likemss.  We 
fmiml  him  in  lii.H  Iml^'e  sillint;  |ierlei'lly  n.iketl.  His 
«|i|ieaninfe  « as  the  mu-t  s.iva',;t'  I  ever  liihrhl,  ami  ' 
his  I'Mik-.  as  1  afler«ai'U  lealil,  In  Im  Ine.ilis  lielieil 
his  I'lMia' l>  r.  He  Was  mil  ii»ari>  <if  what  I  uai  ilniii:; 
until  I  hi  I  liiii^heil  the  ske|.  h.  He  ih.ii  ic.k-'>l  to  hmk 
at  It.  ami  inipiire'l  what  I  inlen<lf<l  t'l  tin  with  it,  ami 
wIiiiIm  r  I  Has  mil  udiim  tn  j;nt'  it  i"  the  Americahs, 
ax'iiii'<l  uli'iin  III'  I'ore  n  slmii;;  aiili|i  ithy.  Hiiper' 
siiliniisly  famyiiiK  that  their  jui.'^-i'ssiiiL;  it  wniilil  put 
him  ill  their  jHiuer.  I  in  vain  Inlil  Inm  that  I  hli'iiihl 
mil  tfive  it  to  them  .  hut  m't  liein:;  salislieil  with  this 
a-HHiirimt'.  he  atteiii|ilii|  I'l  llii'iw  It  into  the  tire,  when 
I  .s«'i>!i'i|  him  liy  the  .uni  ami  snalcheil  it  tioiii  linn. 
He  i^lameil  at  mu  like  a  lieml,  a'nl  »|i|ieare'l  ^really 
fiinij!i  i|.  lull  liefnre  he  hail  tiino  to  rifnver  limn  his 
»nrpri'e  I  left  the  Imlai'.  ami  inoiiiiliil  my  h  mnc,  M"! 
wilhniit  iiecasiiiiially  I'lukin^  I'lielc  to  M'e  il  lie  mi^lit 
Imt  semi  an  airnw  alt  11   me. 

"  I  siially,  whin  I  wisheil  to  lake  the  liki  n<->s  >.f  an 
Imliaii,  i    H.ilktil    mill    the    I   'Ijji  .   'at   i|ii»  n.  ami  e<i|ii    j 


III' 11  T'l  wiili"iii  ^peakiiii;.  :i.s  an  rnilian,  iintlnr  thene 
eiii  iiiii^lam fs.  will  ;;eiier.illy  prelenil  not  to  notice. 
Illli  "y  tlnl  not  like  whit  I  w.u  ifiini,'.  they  woiihl  jret 
lip  aiel  walk  aw.iy  ;  Imt  if  I  askeil  llieiii  to  Hit.  tliey 
imist  freipieiitly  rel'iise.l,  Huppnsiiivj  ili.'il  It  wciiihl  havu 
Slime  in|urious  elleet  upon  thiiii^'Ui's  In  tins  maiiner 
I  wt'iit  into  the  loil;,'!'  of  Silaw-kite,  the  I  hii'f,  ami 
took  his  likem.ss  with. ml  a  wmil  p,is.sin>.»  hetHim  n.s. 

"  llaviiin  eiiiiiyeil  the  kiinl  Imspitality  ol  I  >r  Whit- 
man ami  his  laily  fur  four  days,  on  .Inly  I'L'nil 
I  left  for  W'ail.i  Walla,  niter  '  break  last,  "  takini; 
with  me.  at  the  (lucttir'.s  tlesire,  11  do^  lieliiiijjiiii; 
to  Mr.  .Mil'iain.  The  weather  contiiiiied  iiilen.st'ly 
Imt.  and  I  had  not  lidleii   niiii'e   than    an    hour    ulicn 

I  iili-erved  the   | r  iiiiiiiial    in  a  stale    of  extremeeX' 

h.'insiiiiii.  sii  that  i  reipiesled  my  man  to  place  hiin  on 
his  liiirse.  lull  the  man  feeliiii;  imniu  I'liieiiceil  liy  him 
put  him  diiwii  on  the  ;;riiiiiid,  ami  in  a  few  miiinles 
afierwanls  the  punr  liriile  lay  dnwii  and  died,  iictiially 
.sciii'i  lii'd  to   de.'ith  hy  the  Iniriiiiii;  s  iiiils. 

'•  I  >n  the  diy  alter  my  ani\.il  at  tlii>  fort,  a  hoy.  one 
.if  the  .suns  I'.f  I'lo  lien  .Miix-.M.ix,  the  chief  tif  the 
W'alla-W'allas,  arrived  at  IIhp  camp  close  to  the  fort. 
lit!  wa.s  a  few  days  in  inlvaiicti  nf  u  war  party,  heinlcd 
hy  his  tiillier,  and  ciini|iii-eil  of  Walla  W'alliLs  and 
Kye  into  liidi  ins.  which  had  heeii  alisent  eighteen 
months,  and  had  lieeu  aliiM^t  (.'iM'ii  up  liv  the  trilien. 
ilii^  piily,  niimli.  liiiif  L'lii)  men,  had  stalled  fur  ('all- 
fiirnia  fur  tin'  pui|i">i'  of  re.  en  ^i  111;  the  dtiitli  of  11  not  her 
Kiili  of  the  chief  uhn  had  In  en  killed  hy  some  t'alifor- 
iiiaii  emigrants,  and  the  messenger  now  iirrived.  hriii^- 
ing  the  most  disii-tiims  tidiiig.s,  not  mily  of  the  total 
failure  nf  the  expeiliiiiiii.  Imt  al.so  of  iheii  sulhringM 
and  thti'iitions  liy  siikm^s.  Hearing  thai  a  me.».sengcr 
Ma-i  coiiiiiig  ill  aerie's  the  plains,  I  went  to  the  Inlian 
camp,  ami  was  there  at  his  arri\al.  No  siiniier  had 
he  ilisiiiiiiiiited  fiiiin  hilt  Ii'U'm'  than  the  w  huh'  camp, 
men.  wi.iiieu,  ami  children,  sni  ii'iimleil  him,  eagerly  in- 
ipiiiing  after  tlnir  alieiit  fiieiids.  a^  they  hail  hitlnrlo 
liiined  no  ili|elii;;ilice,  licMilid  a  lepnlt  that  I  lie 
piily  hail  lieeii  cut  iilf  l,y  liii>ii|e  tiilies.  II  is  ilnwncast 
hs'ks  and  F^ileme  cuiilii'mi  d  the  fears  that  .siuiie  ilir« 
calaniily  niU'>t  liive    happem  il,  eml    they  set    up  a  Iri' 

■III  ndiiils  IimuI,  uliile  he  si I  Hijei.l  ami  ilcjeiteil,  with 

the  Itars  strcainnig  tlnwii  his  face.  At  leiiglh,  after 
much  coaxing  and  ininaly  on  their  pari,  he  (.nni 
nieiiceil  the  I"' ilal  of  ihiir    iiii-liirliines. 

"  .\fter  de>i  liliiiig  the  priigriss  of  tin'  Jmirney  up  to 
the  time  of  ihe'liMase  (the  nici^les),  m.ikiiig  its  ap 
pear.iiice,  during  u  In  h  he  w;us  lisiemd  to  in  hrcalli- 
less  sill  nee,  he  lieiiaii  to  name  its  victims  one  .ilier 
iiiinlhcr.  On  theliisi  name  heinif  ineiiiium  d,  a  teriitie 
h'lwl  I'lisiied.  the  uuuien  loosening  their  hair,  iiiid  gi's- 
ti<  iilaliii>(  in  a  must  Mnleiit  iiiaiiiier.  When  this  had 
Hiili^idcil.  Ill',  after  much  per^iia^inii,  naim  d  a  secniid, 
and  u  tliird,  until  he  had  itiined  iipuiiiils  ot  thirty. 
Tilt' HJIIIK!  hcemi  of  iiiteiiM'  grief  fnlliiwed  llli)  llielltinll 
nf  e.nli  name.  pri-.i'iiting  a  inene,  which,  accn.slniin'il 
as  I  wa.s  to  I  mil. Ill  life.  I  must  cnnles'i  all'iiliil  inn 
ileiply.  I  xinod  clnso  hy  them  on  a  lug.  wiih  the  in 
ti'ipri  Icr  (if  lliit  ftil't,  whit  explained  to  me  the  IniliaiiH 
sl.itemi'lit,  which  occupied  iie.uly  three  liiiiirs  After 
tins  the  excitement  im  iiaseil,  ami  appreheiisions  weru 
•  iil''rlaiiici|  at  tin'  furl,  that  it  mi'.'ht  had  to  Home 
hi-lile  iiiiiveinenl  iigaiiist  the  e^l.ililisliim  nl.  'I'lii.^ 
leal,  liiitteMl',  wa.s  gl'iiuiidle.-.N.  as  the  Indians  knew 
the  distinetinii  hetueeii  the  lliidsiiii's  Kay  < 'nmpaiiy 
and  the  Aliieriiaiis.       Thev   imiiicdialelv    sent   muMM^ii' 


iidor  tlifne 
to  ntttii'i'. 
wdiilil  Ki't 

III   Hit.     llll'V 

wimlil  hiivti 

hiM  iiiiiiiner 

rliii'f,  mill 

t  Willi    IIS. 

l»i,  Wliil 
July  -'•-'ml 
Ht,  tiikiii^ 
[  lii'liiiiKiiii; 
il  iiiti'iiwly 
liiilll'  ulirll 
•xliriiic  fx- 
lai'i'  liiiii  <'» 
nil    liy  liiiii 

IW      lllillllli'M 

I'll,  itctiiiilly 

,  II  liov,  Olio 
•liirf  of  till' 
to  till'  tiift. 
iirly,  lirailril 
WiilliLs  :uiil 
lit  I'igliti'fii 
,•  till!  Irilifs. 
I'll  ri.r<'iili- 
ill  iifiiiiollier 
ioiiu-  Ciililbr- 
rivi'il.lii-ilig- 
ol'  till'  total 
il    siitUriii^H 

I  11  iiii'>.--i'ii(;i'r 

II  till'  lii'lian 

I  Miuiii'i'  liiiil 
wlioli'  riilll|), 
I,  I'li^i  riy  iii- 
liuil  liiilii'i'tii 
lit  iliat  ill" 
llli.si|owiir«Ht 
it  MilIK'  liil'fi 
yi'i  ll|l  II  tri- 
I'i'ti'il,  uitli 
|i'ii!,'ili,  iit'lir 
III,    111'  I- 

.unicy  ii|i  to 
Km;,'  its  lip 
,,   III   liiiiitli- 

I. Ill'  llltiT 
III  d,  u  liliil'ii' 
|iiiii,  mill  p'l 
I  II  tills  liml 
[<l    II    s 111. 

I,  ol    lliiity. 

Illll'     llirlltloll 
11.  rll^lollll'il 

Illll  I'll  il  mil 
Iwiili  till'  iii- 
I  lilt'  liiiliiiurt 

,111  s         AttiT 

I'lisiuiis  wtro 

ml    til    Koliiil 

liiiiil.       'I'lii.H 

li.liiiiis    kiu'W 

iiy  '  'oiiipany 

t  lit      IIIUNWII- 


FROM   THE  ATLANTIC  TO  TllH   PACIFIC. 


888 


L'rr-i   hi    fvi-ry    ilirM'tion    mi   hoisclmrk   to  sprniil   llic  of    mi    imiiiy    liiiiil',        .Mr-i.    Wliiiiiiiiii.    Iniiiiiii;     llic 

II.  w.-i    i.r    till'    ili.s.iMli'f   iiiii.iiii»   all     till'     iii'i^'lilioiiritiK  .-.liriik.s  iiml   ;;ioiins   of  ilir   il\iin;,    looknl   mit    of  tin' 

trilics.  iiii'l  .Mr.  iMrliiiiii    ami    I    li>  lli    roii^iiliii'il    tlial  wimlow,    aii'l  was   Klmt  tliioii.-li  llir   lnriiNt  liv  a  son  of 

|)r.     Wliiliii.ili     ami    liis     family    W'Hilil    In'    in     ynut  tlio  i  l.jif.  Imi    not    inoilally  moiiihI.iI       .\     paiiy    tlirn 

ilitiiiji'i'.      1,  tlii'i-i'foi'i',  tlrtriniiiKil  to  jifii  mill  warn  liini  i  ii  .|ii'<l  up  ^inr-,   ami   ili'>piilrlii'i|    tin-  m  pin  w    on   tlio 

of  what   Illll   oTiirii'il.        It    w,i^    si\     o'llork    in   tlir  ^po(,  ilra.,-;.,  i|   liiii|..Hn    li\   tin-  liair  of  lur  In  ad.  and, 

I'M'iiin^'  wliiii   I  nl.illid,  liiil    Iliad    a    ;,' 1    lioi'si'   aii'l  lakiin,' Inr  lo  I  lii'  (V,,nl    of  tin'    li"ii>i',  iiiiilijatid  Inr  in 

iiiiivi"!  Ill  liis  lioiisi'  in  tliiri'  lionis.      I  told  him  of  (In'     a  .^l king    iniiiiiii'  with  (li.ir  kni\rs  and  lonialiawk.-'. 

ai  rival  of  I  III'    inr.-*''i'lis;i'r   and    tin'    ('Xiiiiinriit    of  tlii'  " 'I'lnri' was  nnr  man  w  lio  h.i.l  a  w  ifi-  lud  lidilin.    On 

liidimis.  and  advisi'd  linn    ■.ii'onnly  t'l  c'liui'  to  llii'  tori,  tin-  rumnii'ii'  riniiit  of  tin'  alli.iv    In-    lali    to  Ini'  loom. 

lor    II    wliili'   at    Irast,    until     tin'    Indians    liiid    rooli'd  and,  takiir^  In  r  up  in  liis  ai  iii.^,  call  iid  In  r  iiiipciriiMil 

diwii,    liiit  III' H  lid  III'  had  livid  .so  loll:,' aiiioiiirsttlnin,  l.y  tin'  I  ndi.ins    lo    ihr    lliiik  liii.--lii'H    tli.it     -kiitid   tlio 

and  had  doni'  mi  niiii'li  for  lli.'in,  that  hi'  did  not  appro  riviT,  and  liiinicd  on  with  his   Inirdrii  in   tin'  diinlion 

lii'iid  tiny  W'liil.l  injiiri'    him.      I    li'niaint"l    with    him  of   l'"orl  Walla-Walla        I  lavin;,'  n-ai'liiil    a  diislaini'  of 

(inly  an  lioiir  , mil  ha-liiiid  liark  to  till)  fori."  fifliiii  inihs,  hr  liiiimi'    -o   cxlian^lnl    llmt,  iinalli'  to 

\\'i'  will  not  inti'iriipl  llio  pro:,'ri'ss  of  this  .sad  story  larrylnr   fnrtliir,   ho  coiirialid   In  r  in  a    lliiik   rliimp 

hy  till'  ri'iilal  of   Mr.   I'.iiil    Kmn's   aihintiiii's    in   tl f  linslns  on  ihi'  niiiyiii  of  tin'  liMr,  mid    haslrind   In 

intrrini'diali'  prriod,  hut  li't  tlii'  liarialivi'of  this  dismal  I  ho  I'm  t  for  assi-.laiiri'. 

tragi'dy  run  mi.  "Oiiliis  mi'i\al,  Mr    .M'H.iiii    iiiiniidiati  Iv  m  lit   out 

".s'.y./. //(/"  ;' l'l.1^ — Thii,  I'Vi'iiiiio  two  iiirli  arrivi'd  from  nirii    with    him,    and    iiioii'^ht  li.r   in.      I^ln    had    |i,rln- 

Walla  Walla,    and    my    grirf  and    honor  ran    ho    will  n.itily  siillin  d  liolhiii:,' iii"ii' than  ti  iL;lii        Tl  ■' niimhri' 

imaginrd.    wlnn    tlwy    told    mo    tlin    sad    ind    of  th killid,    inrlinliim    i)r.    and    .Mr>.     Wliiliiimi,   aiii' iintcil 

Hilhwhmn  I  had  -o  latily  hi'iii  a  i'lii'ri>lii'd  f;iir>l        li  in    foiirli'iii        Tlin    otlior    I'linalrs   and    I'liihlirii    wrru 

appears  tli.it  tlio    p.irly    hrlor.'    mi'iilioiii'd  hid  liioiii.'lil  lani'd  ilf  hy  tlin  Indian^,  iiinllwo  ortlnni  Wi  ri- firlli- 

llir  moasli's  lunk   willi    tlniii,    and    thai    it  -pioad  with  with  l.ihi  n  a^  wivi-  l.y    Sil  aw  kito  s    >on  iiinl  iiiioUnr. 

lVi;;litfiil  r.ipi. lily  tlir.in..,'h  llio  ni'i;;lilionrinL,'  IiiIh's.  Inn  A    man   iinployid    in    i    lil' lo  mill,    fiiminL;   ii    part  of 

nimi'  pan  Iriil  ii  ly  anion;,'  ilin  K  M'  iim'^.     i)r.  Whiiman  I  ho  c^lal.li.^hiin'iil,  w.is  spin  id  lo  woi  k  thr  mill  lor  I  ho 

ns  a  ini'diral  in  in.  .lid  all  In'  r.nihl  to  >l.iy  its  proori  >s  ;  liidian>. 

hilt  owiii;;  to  ihi'ir   injii'lii-ioiis   iiiodo   of  liviiii;.    whi.h  " 'I'lii'    day    following    llio  awful  liagnly.   a    ('ailiolii' 

Il iild  liol  pi'i'Vail  on  tln'iii  In  I'l'lin.piiNli,  gro  it  linin  prii-l.  w  lio  had  not  In  aril  of  I  In-  niii>-in'i'i',   ."lopj  id  on 

111  Tsof  tlii'in  ilii'd.      .\t  tlii".  tiiiii'  till'    l>.ii'tiir's    lainilv  >.  .  ini,'    llio    inaiiglrd   loipsis   .slnwn    lonnd    llio   lioiisi. 

r.ili>isti'il    of    him^i'lf,    his    wifo,    a    inpliiw',    with    Iw'i  .md  ivipir^lrd  pii  iiiL'-sii  ii    tn  hiiiy  ihrin,  w  hi.  h  he  did 

oi     tliri'i!    sirvanls,    and    wvi'i-.d    I'liildii'ii     whom    lo'  with   tlio   rilis    of  his   own    ('liiiii'h.     'jhi'   piiini-sioii 

had  hiimainly   adoplrd,  left    mpliaiis   hy   tin-    d-illi  ..I  was  gvanlid  nioii'  ri  ailily,  as  ihi'  Jinliiins  wi  ir  fi  ii  nilly 

tlnir   pali'iils,  who    had   dio.l    mi   tin  !•'  way  to  I  lri':;..ii.  lowariK    tlio    ('alholir    Illi^^il.|laril  s.        (l|i     llio    pi  ii  ^t 

ln".iili'M  11  Spanish  half  hi'ii'il  I.. 'V,  whom  111' had  liioni,'ht  hav  iiig  tin-    phn  c  hr  iint,  at    a    dislami' «.!    IiM'   or   -.i.x 

lip   for    .si'vi  ral    yiars.      Thiri'    wori'    likrwi-i'    >iviial  niih  ■-,    a    hrmlnr   mi^^ionaiy    of   tlm    drna-id,   a    Mr. 

f.iliiilii'S  of  I'll!  iu'I'a  Ills  St  lying  with  him,  at  llio  linn',  to  .'<|ialiliii.i.',   tin'    liold    of  w  hoM'    lalmiirs   lav  iil.<  ni  a  loin 

risl  and  ri'lVish  thi'in-i'lvi'^  ainl  si't  th'.  .Ind  niili.s  (ill,  at  a  phni' on  the  IJivor  ( 'oldwali  r.      Iln 

"Tlin    liidiins    siipposi.l    lh.it  tin' doi'tor  rmil.!  Iiavo  I'mnniiiiiiratid  to  him  the  mi  lam  holy  fate  of  lii-^  Iriclid.s, 

•-layi'd  tlin   colli' f  ihi'    inala.ly    ha. I    ho    wished    il  :  and  aiKii^i  d  him  to  lly  as  fa.-t  ns  po^sillll',  or,  in  all  pro 

Illll  tiny  wi'i'c  I'oiilirnii'd  in  this  hi'liil   hy  the  Spini^h  l.al.iliiy.  ho  would  ho  mioihir  \iitim.      lie  uavo  him  a 

h.ilf  l.ri'i'd  hoy,  who    told    smiir    of  lln'iii,  tliiil    In.'    had  sliaio    of  his    pio\  i^imis,    mid     .Mr.    S|alilii.','    hniriid 

ovorliraid  till'   doi'tor  say  to    his    wilo,  al'iir    llioy  ha. I  lioincward,  full  of  appriln  nsioiis   for    thr   .'-ali  ly  ol   his 

ii'liii'd   fir   til.'   night,  that    ho    w.nil.l    ■j.''\--    tlii'in    liad  own  family;     l.iil.  niilortiiiiali'ly,  his  hor.'-r  <  si  a|  id  fiolii 

I.I.  .Ii.  ill!',    an. I    kill    .ill    llio    linliaiis.    iliii     ho    inii^lil  him  in  tho  iiii:lit.  and,  iilii  i  a  -ix  dav.s' ti  ilsoinc  inan  h 

appropiiato   tlii'ir   land    In   liimsclf      'I'lioy  ai-.or.linu'ly  mi  tool,  having  lo>l   his   way,  heal    hnulll  i.  inhr.l  llio 

cln'oi'li'd  a  plan  to  drslriy   tin'   do.  t.ir    ami    his    wilo.  hanks  of  tho  riMi,  hut  on  llic  o|  po^|||' .side  lo  his  own 

and    all    the    males    nf  the   cslalili^hii  elil        Willi    this  In. use. 

..I.jei't  ill  view,  ah.iiit    sixty  of  lliein  arine.l  ihem-cUi"-  "  In  th.-    iha.l  of  the  idlIi'.  in  a  stale  ■. I    ^laivation, 

and  lanii*  In    his  hmise.      The    iniii  ile>.  Ii.iv  ing    ini  mi--  hav  iiig  lali  n  iiolliing  tor  thii  edats,  cm  r\  lliing  si  eiiiing 

pi.'ioll  of  any  h.istile  intenlioli,  Wero  loially  iinprepan  d  In  he  ipiiel   ahmit  his  ow  n  place,  In-  (  allli.llsly  cinhai  kid 

tor  rcsisimn r  lliglil.      hr.  and    Mrs.    Whilinaii    ami  in  ii  Miiall  1111101',  ami    pinldltd    inro'-H    (he   river.       lUlt 

llieir  nephew,  a  ymilli   of  ahmit    seveiilii  n  or  cighleeii  lie  had  no  sooner    lainhd    than    mi    Indian  Bci/.i  d   him, 

Mar-  of  m,'i',  weie  silling  in   the   parlour,  in  the  aller  ami  ilrai,'ge.l  him  to  hi.-,  own  hmiM',  whiie  ho  toiind  all 

ii.ioii,  when  Sil  ,iw  kite,  ihechi.f,  andTn  ma  Lnsi'iiti'ied  lii>  fainiiy  |iii-.inii>,  and  the  Indi.nisin  lull  po-..i'.s>ioii. 

ihc    mmii,   and  mhlressing  ihe    d".  tnr,    lohl    him    very  Tlii-e   Imhans  wiieinl    of  the    .-amo    tl  ihe  with  tlm.'-e 

.  oolly  they   had   eomo  t'l   kill    Inni.      The    doctor,    imi  wh.i    had    dc^tioM-d     l>i.    WhiimanV   family,   nor  had 

lielieviiig    il     pos-ihle    lli.it     they    coiild    1  ntortaili    iin\  ih.y    at    all    paitnipatcd    in    tlio    diitiage  ;    I. lit    having 

hostile   intciilions   towards  him,   toll   them   as  miich  ,  li.'.n  .1  of  it.  and  !•  aring  the  w  hitcs  Would  im  Inde  tliiiii 

I. Ill  whilst    III    tlio    act  (if  speaking    To  ma  kiis  drew  a  in  their  m  no.ance,    liny  had    sei/cd    mi    the   family  of 

Imnahawk  frmn  iimhr  liisrol"',  and  hiii  icd  it  deep  in  In-  Mr.  f^paMim;  hir  the  pnipo-e  of  holding   tlnni  a.s  lios- 

l.rain.      The  nnt'orliinate  man  fell  ilea. I  frmii  his  cliair  la._'i-.   for   their  nwii   .safety.      Tho   laniily    \»cro   tuiin 

Mrs.    Whilinmi   and    th.'    nephew    thd   up   stairs,  ami  Jiin  d  ;  mid  lin  w.iH  (iverioyed  tn  lind  tliingM  no  wor-e. 

locked  thcmsclvcH  in'n  an  upper  rnmii.  ".Mr.    (.)gden,   the  chief  liiclnr  nf  the  II  mlson's   Hay 

'•  In  the  moaiitimc.  Sil  aw  kite  gave  the  war  whoop,  a.^  t 'miipany  1111  1  lie  ( '..liimhi  1,  iinmedialely  onlniiiing  ol 

a  --iumil  In    his  part  V  outside  to  proceed  in  the  Work  ot  the  outrage,  ciinc  I'l    Wall.i  Walla,    and,  nil  limigh    tin* 

dcMrmtioii,  which  they  did  with  tin;  fcroi-ily  uml  M'lU  occiiricme   took   pi.icc  in   the   territory  of   the    I'nittd 


F 


i!i    I 


m  I 


Sfl4 


ATX   ROUND  TllB   WORLD. 


Sl.ili-.    111.1  111, -.1111^     ill.' ^iilTcnrs il.l  liiivi' nil  fiiillirr 

chiiiii  t  I  till'   |>i..ii'i'li I   til.    I' I'Miiv  tliiiii   «iii'li   a" 

||IIIIKIII|1\    .III  Illnl,  III'  at    iilirr   |.lllrlll-i|   lIliMilr. l' 

:ill  III.'  |iriM>iii'i''<,  mill  tViiiii  tlii'iii  |iiii'lii'iilai'-  <il  iIm' 
nil--- ii  Ti' «i'ii'  iil'ii'i'iViiiiU  iil.i.iiiitil.  Till'  liiili  iii>.  Ill 
ihiir  in'K.'ii  iti"M>  Willi  \lr  tii;il'-ii,  nllriiil  t.i  (.-ui-  ii|. 
till'  |ii'i»iiicr'«  I'lir  lioll'iiii,'  It'  111'  wmiM  i;ii"''ii'"  'lii' 
llii'  l'ii|iii.|  Sliili's  WiiiiM  Mill  «.!  Ill  war  «illi  llinii.  Inn 
(tli~.  Ill  I'  iiir'M',  111'  I'liiilil  II. il  ilii." 

I'll  .11  lii>  li'iviiiK'  SN'alhi  W'allii.  iilnl   iliirilii;   Hi.'    in 
li'i'v.iK  111' ilii--  ili'iii  il  i'|iiiiiili'.   iiiir  IraM'IJi  r   iimk    iln- 
iiiii'i'>'<«»ii'a  r |iiii"ii  ill'  |ir.i.'ii'iliii!,'  in  r..|\jlli'i  li\  iIh' 

(JriliiU  "ill  li  rtllli'lli  III'  ^I.N'ii  ll'illl  ill"'  a|i|iraiaiin'i.rilii' 
tUii  I'MI'i'lllllii'i,  <>ri'lllrll  III  liaM'  111  I'll  a  rnnili'l'  In.  I  III  I  III' 

I'.ilii la  KiM'i   .   iiml    111   lliii  I'll'.rl  III'  lill    ill.   I>'i.il^, 

aii'l  M'aili'il  Willi  I  hall  lil'i'i'l  iillr'l  I'miliV.  ami  Iw.i 
riiliiii;  li'ii'T't.  I'.\  iliili  Iraviiii;  llir  I'Imt.  ImwrMr.  Iir 
w.ii  'li'^Illir.l  t'l  ^lllli  r    -riililv    lliilll    lllir-l        Till'  III    I 

laki    llii'\  I'liiii'  I"  «'i'<    -ill.   ami    ill"    -.I'l  iiiil    -^waii I 

Ml  uilli  |n'lii-aii:<  lliat    tlii'ir  ijiilii;   liail  m  nli     llir    uatir 

^'U'lii    ami    lliii'k.      Till'    1 iti'v,    jji'lH  I'.illy    s|iial«iiiu'. 

H  i>  a  liairrli.  saiiilv  iji'sri'l.  Tlu'l.' Willi'',  Imli  i  I  In 
111'  iiiHi'li  Irt*  avail  ilili'  laml  in  llii'  V  illrv  i.t'  iIh' 
Ciliiiiiliia  lliaii  ill  llial  111'  Fi'i/it's  l{iwr,  iHi.  il  llir 
l'..l'1111'r   I'  liV    I'll-  I  111'  lllnit   i'\li'll-IM'         .\Mi'l'  Millli'    lilllil 

tlii'V  .1111  Mil  al  all  iiiiiiii'ii-i'  'jillly  .>r  .Irii'l  ii|i  waliT 
riiiii'-i',  Willi  liaiik'<  si'Vi'ii  til  i'it{lil  liiiii'li'i'il  li'i'i  liiuli. 
lii'VHi'l  wliii'li  a  liait^iliii'  aiii|iliillii'ati'i',  lia\  iii'.;  in  its 
ii'iitif  .1  liiMiii  111!  ni'i'i'ii  ■.w'.inl,  .III. I  a  -mall  lakr  nl 
ii\.i'lli'iit  wati'i-.  Aii.itlii'l'  Iiiiiu  lia>.ilii.  will  li'il  till' 
wav  III  till'  liraiiil  I'.nili'l  iuill'.  .i  u.ni.lii'riil  '.-iilly  aliitit 
•  nil'  liiiliili'i'.|  an. I  liliv  iiiili'>  miu'.  an. I  li'inii  mii'  iiiili'  In 
.1  niiii*  ami  a  iialt  wnii-.  aiiil  williil  ii{i  in  in  iliv  |ilai'i'-> 
Willi  .in  iiiilir.iki-n  li-iiiilli.  IvmhIv  iiiiU'i  l.ni','.  nl  |m'1'- 
|ii'iii|i.  ill.ir  li.i.'>all.  .'I  lli.iii^aii't  li'i't  liliili  Tlii'ii'  ran  In' 
lin  il'itilil  iilil-   liavili:.'   Im'i'Ii  iIii'   Im'.I   III    ill'    I 'i.liiiiiliia 

iii'i'V  I'lii-  I'l    -  iiiii'    :.'i'i.|iii!i'al    i  li.ur.'i'   nl    |iir.iinilv 

r.'i'.nl  .|;.ii'.  liv  w'lii'li  llir    luii    w  1-  .1.  ii|.    1  .  ll.iw   .il  a 

lll'|i|ll  nl  l.'iW  MillH'  I'l'MI'  nl-  ll\i'  llllll.ll'.'l  li'i'l  lii'inw  il. 
Till'  llnll.. 1,1  .il'  ill.'  *'  llii'»  W.l-  li\.l..ll..|  ..Villil  Willi 
IllVlll'lillt     JIM-1.     i'\'.-|.l      W  lli'lr     ill'.. k.  11      In      IIIUnilMi' 

riH'k".  wliiili  wi'ii'  mill'  -11  iii.im  iii.iriii'.n-  I'mky 
isl.iinl'- 

111 Xt    il.lV       A  1^11    I     llll    .    .Ml       Tllll     Km.'    I'nllnWl.l 

li{,  llll'  ...,ir-.    .il  till'   (iiMi.il    t'.iiili't,  aliwil'li.  il  Ml    a.iliii 


1  r..Utlli'  I*  a  \v.«i.l.'ii  r.rt  III'  l.triji'  *i/.-.  ■II.-1..S..1  utli  im-kiN 
Hii.i  lifi.'iiiM,  rill'  li -ii«.'*  ;iri'  I.I  .-.nl  ir,  ii.'.»il_*  liiiill  mill  «.-ll- 
liiriii*i.."i  :  .mil  t'.ir  nil  if  plili'i'  l.|.:|t»  il  111  'fi'  riiiitiirl.tt...'  ii»i'i'i'l 
lliuii  iiiiy  .  >i  ilil:»liiiii'iii  I'llwii'ii  il  ••■ll'illl. I  lli'il  Itiii'r.  Il  -IhimU 
tiUi.iil  .1  ,ii-)i-  t'ri^iii  III.'  ii.'itr. -1  |Hiiiii  .Il  til-  rii.iiiiili;,!,  .mil  iiUiiit 
l».»  null'-  t'l  'iit'i.'  1  h  iii'luTi'  Ktitl-  .^lii'tf  ■Miliii'.ti  .ir.' *>i  iiltiin 
iliiiit.  lliil  il-  iiiilliv  ii»  l.ii'i'*.  ».iiiit.  Ill  Ill-Ill  w.'-j+i  ri^  ii|i\MirilH  .if 
'Ml  111* ,  li.ivi- l"-t"i  i*.itr.;lii  ill  Hill'  ills  u  llll  ;i  Hiiii^li' l..i*ki't.  Hi- 
Iw.'i'ii  till'  »iilni..ii  III'  tlim  ii*i-r  mill  Uii'  li*ti  ..f  llii'  wim.'  imiiii'  in 
Kii.:l  ml,  tli'Ti.  ii).|i«tini  l'.  U'  a  uliifiil  .lillcri'iti'ii,  TIh-  llr*ii  nl'  iIh- 
i.ipiiiiT  i«  I.  lull',  wliili'  it-  lii-.iil  i- iii.ir.  I,  .iki  mill  1--«H  |i'iii'li'il  1 
li'il  il*  ll.n-iiir  til  III,.  ]ir.i|ii-r  -i-  i-.in  in  .1.  ■.■  .m*.  i)»,-  ...ij  armiiiil 
( '"Il  llll' in  niiiiil\,  ii. Ill  t  Il.l  .-;.iiiiil.'  i«  -*.  I, 't  mill  ilrv  Iiml  1  lii-i',' ii 
till.*  M1IMIII  iiii'.iiiii  II  ui'l  .III,-  li-irillv  iiiiv  ni-ti  I'll!  n.;,  Ull-i  tin' 
.  xii'pl IIIII  111'  iH'r.i-iiiiiu)  -li-.ii.-r-.  ill  upriii-.'  -iitil  iiiiliiiiiii.  N'-i  ..  il  II- 
►lllllilill;,;  tliriM*  ili-.i.lviiMt.i/i--,  llii*riirni  i--iv*itiiirv;|l.l\  priiilii  liv.- 
i-ii'ili*  tlirivo  wi'll,  V  iiili-  il..  -iiiin  iiTi*  n-iii-liiit  llll-  nil- lit, 
nil  ill  »i'i,:li»  trim  nitti  I'll. -I'  III  •iTi\  llll-  p  II  lU  II  lii|.|ii-l. 
yi.'liU  iu.*iiik'  .ir  1liirt>  I  I'lni  .  iimuu'  ai'.n  lliuiit-lu'a.  Iml  .l->  < 
mil   ri|i.-ii  iiiilil   till'  iiiiiiiili  il    •^'|itwiili"r;  |i..iiii>,i->.   |«  ,i..   nn'-, 

lull- 1,  iiiriii)!-,  IIM4.HII.,  t iimU-n.  itv^  |ilriililiil      r.i',iill.*  •t.iii.U 

III  l;ititii.l.*  -IH'  Ii7  li.irtli.  *li.'  w.wfi'r  U-inj  inmiv  il.-iri-.'.'-  in  l-k  r 
III. HI  tlitil  ti  till'  -mil.*  |Mnilli'l  im  *ii.-  i'h-i  -.,1.'  .  I' tin  iiiiiimi.iiii- 
Aiii..nininl>'  Willi  iliMm  uillii'  iii-i£iil>>urhii,i<l.it'ili.'  lurt  iir.'  ili.' 
I..  I'lniitlii*-  till-  lii|.iiii,  till'  iiiiiiik  •  liiaHl  .iiiU  III.-  liiilimu,  ill 
((ri'iit  iiH — 1- 


nilinn  nf  it«  lii'iiiity  ninl  Kfiimli'iifi  ■iM-iiniinj;  a'<  il  iliil 
a  lirw  ii'lHi'l  III' ilirlr.i'-ril  wililnrs.s  ami  iniigiiilirrin  r  at 
iM'i  \  nun,      Tl.iii'  »a-   h|-,,,.i  nl   ilir   lii'>t  ijiiality    I'nr 

llll'    Iml-l'l..    llrli.  inils    >|irill;,'H    ^n-lllll','     tlnlll     tlll>     I'lH'k.'l, 

tiliirli  iiliii.i-'>l    li'iii|i(i'i|  linn  111   |ii'n|ii|i;;   lii-t  --tav  at    llii> 

li-k    nl    -111  \iil  lull.       Il    Wii-   imt    until    tin'  cMiiiliK  nf 

till     I   nil  llial  III'  iinliHi  u'l  il    I'l.iln  tin    ;.'i.|'i.'r  nl'  lliiiihtil' 

I'l  inln'i-  lilt  iiii'.  ami  -iiu    lln'  iiii..lilN     iIm-i  llnuin);   lit 

1.    1-1       In  I-      lllimlli-  1     llll      1,1  jnW       llllll.  '•Till.'.    liM'l'," 

-.11-   Ml     I'-iiil   Km.'.     '  r\ri-.-i|.s   ill  ^l  .ilnlrlll'  iinyiillirr 

|iilll.l|'-,    111    llll'    UnlM.    hill    -.Il    llinrll    lli'lll    its    Vnllimi'     of 

w.ili'i',  altliiiiii;li  til. it  in  iliiiiii'liM',  a>    t'lnlii  tin'  I'nliiiilitii' 

w  ilillli— <  nl     It-,  ^lll|ll■|ll|llllK  llllll   I'M'!    Mll'y  ill;;     Ml  11  nil II  I- 

ilii{  .s,  i'lii'i'\ .  ii,,w  Invurili'.'  ill  Mi'iu  rii|i|  I'll  Imniiil  iliih 
lli'iii-amlH  111' li-i-l  lii-.;li.  ami  iinw  .sii.kiiin  ju  iimlnliiiiii;. 
I.  ir.iri".  til  till'  U\<  I  .il  ill'.  1 .1  llllll  u.il.'i>.  ' 

•  hi  till'  Mil  nf  .\iniii-l.  .Mr  I'iiiil  Kaiii-  iiiiiMil  lit 
I '.-Kill.',  at'li'i'  il  iiiiii'iir\  w  llii  II  w.l-  iiiti'ii.li-il  Willi  mi 
-iiiall  iiinniiiil  •>(  ilillii  iillii'-.  mill  In'  iriiiaimil  llniii 
lill  ill t   till'  1.'1'||,|  III'  .Si'|il.-iiil.Kl-,   uln-ii  III'  sl.iit.'il  I'nr 

tin       Inirky    Mnlllit. litis.         I  Mil  inn     lii-    -.lux     lit     I'nhillli, 

llll'  -il.l  I'M'iil  m-iiiiii'.l  al  Williil  Williil       till  til.'  Iiitli 

nl      I  l.tnll.'!',      till'     ratlin  -      I'l'iirllril       I'liiit       l'!lirillll|illll'lll 

willnnil  any  m  .i.l.'iit,  ami  mil'  liaMllii'  \«iis  ili  liiiii.'ii 
tli.'i-.'  nil  llll-  /.l-l.  wiiiiiii;,'  llir  till'  liii^iiil.'  fii 'ill  llir 
.'ii-t  III  w.is  ill  II  imtli  rliilil.il  til  stall  with  I'mir 
Imli-insaml  lil'i.-.  n  luinliil  lini'-i-.  .'iiraiii|iili^  tin-  lir-t 
lili;lil  ill  tin-  tiiiii.ili  I'liilliir.  Till'  I'nail  tin-  lirxt  iliiy, 
tlii'.iin;li  till'  i'ninti  ili-  llni-,  was  nliniil  lln-  unisl.  In- 
siv-.  Ill'  liail  I'M-i  iiimIIiiI.  liixiiinl  this  iiiii.'  lliii 
ii-i.lil  i.r  till'  (iliilnli  till.',  uliiili  was  iirr.,|ii|.li-ln  i| 
Inlnli       -Illi-.-l.     illl  lliill^ll     till'    .sIli'W      ll-ilrlll  il     ll|i    In    tin' 

liiii'>i  -  -nil--,  llllll  llll  I'-iily  urn-  i-milil.il  In  i-m'aiii|i 
niir.'  iiinii-  mill'  till  t  niiiiiiiit.'.  s  riiii.-li  liiiw  I,  illnl  at 
till'  ni.iit  «,iiii  |iailiii^  111  IWi-i-ii  llll'  wi-l  illnl  llll' 
.iLsl 

i'liinioH     llllni'      Wil-      fa|iii|.      llltllnllU'll      till'     -linW      l-lV 

ili'i'ji  III  |iii'l-.  Tlnii'  was.  lii-l,  till' I  irainl  Hatlili',  ami 
llllll  till'  I  iiiiinl.'  Tiii\  I'l-r.  lli.-i-  t 'iiiiiiiliaii  I'll//";/' </;'-«' 
iiiiiiii-  1 1,  ill-,'  Mii:^iiliii  ly  ili'-ri  ipln  I  .  <  tii  tin'  -illi  nf 
Niivriiilii  1,  lln-y  li-arlii'il  llm  .\l  IiiIlim  il  II  i\  ir.  u  liirli 
Mil-  nun  II  llnmliil,  iiii'l  ,I.i>|h  r  s  Iji.ii-.-  i  ii  tin'  litli, 
ami  H  111  1 1',  iis  nil    llll-  |iii\ii.ii-  .11  i-iiMiiii.  i.iir  liiiM'llir 

L'"t       -I      r.'.l-t       nil       il       .llllll. .11-       lin.lllltillll     -llll|i-  Till'-.' 

illlllllll-     illii'llll'l      III      till'      lli-i'^lll.'illl  llniiil  .Ml         Killii- 

-ays  li,'  ...iitii.'l  a-  111. my  as  li\i-  l.ii;;r  llm  k-  ura/ilii;  in 

ililli  Ti  III  iliri  rlini,-  li-.iii  llll'  Il 1-  at  iilii'  tiiiii'.      Tiny 

all'  .'nil-ill. -nil. ly  l.in.'ii'  lli.m  il,,iii. -tii-  .slnip:  lln'ir 
Inilli-  all'  al-n  \  i  i-\   l.ii-i,i ,  w  1  i  m  i'  tln-y  iiii' lalli-l  "  Ini: 

llnllll'il   sill  I'll.  '  all'l     1  111  il'    I  Hilt     snlili-U  llll    |'l'-l'll|i,|i  s    111 

ti'Mni'i'  illnl  I'll  II'  llll'  l'i>il  llll  r.  lull  a  liltli'  ilaiki'i' 
l''i'.iin  .1  i-|ii-i  -  l|i,ii-i'  till'  jniirm  y  was  ...nlinni.l    in 

-lli'W    -1 Willi    il..:;   -Iiil^'i's    tnr    tin-    |i.li  k<        (Ml    tin* 

l.lili  111  .Sin.  lull.  T.  tli.y  iiain.'sM'il  tlnir  ilnys  ami  liiii 
llllll','  ■    Willi  II  w  mil   '  iiji  till'    laki'      ill.'    -I.  i|ni'>  siiiiii*. 

til Ill  III-,'   in    tlnlll    nf    till'   ilni;-    llllll     il    llllll. I  111    hllnW 

l-ll\i'|..|ill|n     till'     llll'll,    wlln     .'iilllll     nllly    slnjl     t  I|1'IIImIm'--< 

l.\    Imii,'  iliiwii.      Il.ilf  Hii>   mil'  till'  l.ik.'  liny  I  III.' 

llllll. Ill-,  ami  -ill  iliiwii  illnl  l.iiil  il  siiinki'  'llll'  Inilialis, 
wlirli  tlii'V  rniiii'  In  ill',  III-  li.ii'il  lii-yi  II  oiniw.  win  ii-  tlio 

Niniw  -I Ill-  In  Im  tiik H",  iiiw.iy-  tiiki'  oil'  tlii'ir 

iiiiii'ii'..>ili-  iil.Mi,  iiii'l  lliiM'i    liaii'liinli  il  .    Iiy  tliis  iiirans, 
llirv  |iii -.'rii'  tin  II   iii'iiiissiiis,  mill  w  Inn  liny  sit  ilnwn, 
tiny  |iiit  tin  ir  llll    111  llllll-    till-.      Tills  Walking  liar.' 
I'.iiil.   1  nil  in'  in  -II.  li  int.  II-.'    nlil  wiiiilil  m'iiii  il.iii^,'i'riiiiii 
tn   llll-   im  \|.irii  III  •  il.   Iiiil,   in   fa.'l,  tin'   I'l'.'t    "f  llm-o 

wlniiiii-    ii-l-nin-l    111  il   .iiilVrr    l -s   ml'ii-wiv    iImii 

I  luuiiN    iln    Imm   tin.'   nc-    whicli    alw.ixa   IniniB    nu    llm 


IIS   It    iliil 

llii  rll'i'  ilt 

iiiiliiy   I'lr 

llic    iihUm, 
l:i\   at    tlitt 

'MIlillK     of 

I'  lllu  t-l'l' 
ll.iwiiiK  lit 
!ii.-.  in  IT," 
any  iillii-r 

Mtlllllil-    of 

I'  riiiiiniiti)^ 

•■Ul'lollll  I- 

IM"llhl   illiS 

iiiiiliiliiliij); 

an  n  'il  at 
I'll  \\  illi  iii> 
iniil  tliiii' 
^^a^tl•■l  I'T 
it  CiiImIIi', 
II  till'  i<>(li 
iiralii|>l>ii'lit 
I.N  ili'lailii'il 

U-      flMlll     till- 
Willi     l"lll' 

iij,'  till-  lir-l 
!•  ni'Xl  ilav, 
1'  \Mir-l.  Ill' 
.  ,  ,111.-  till' 
iii|i|i-Im  il 

1   llll  111  till' 

I"  rl|r.llll|i 
,.\\  I,  ^iImI  al 
-I    ami    ll..' 

-II.. W      l,l\ 

'.allili'.  all. I 

,;/».)."/•>' 

■    ."nil    .'f 

UT.    «lli''ll 

llll'  I'.tll . 

ll  i\  llll  r 

|..     Tl 

Ml.    Kill,, 
urii/iii:;  iii 
III'.      'rii'> 
, .  {.  :    llii'ii 
ill.  i  •  I'U 
-I  iiil'li>   ill 
iliirkrr. 
iiliiiut'.l    ill 
On    ll,.' 
.^s  all. I  ran 
!;_.,•-  ■.. .nil'- 
1. 1  1.1    Mi.,w 
llirlliM-lMi 

,v  nut  till- 
In'  liHliaii>, 
« III  II'  111" 
.'  iilV  tlii'ir 
111-,  nii'iii,", 

\     ^ll    ll.lWll, 

kin;,'   I'ai' 
1  .i.iiip'nais 
■  L    ,if  til,, Ml 
«  iv    llial) 
a.'.    "1,    lli>' 


:  1 


TOOM  TIIR  ATLANTIC  TO  TUB  PACIPIO. 


88V 


liiHidi-  iif  till'  iiKirniuiii  in  long  uml  cpiick  lriiv)'lliii|{,  iiit    not  In  niPiitinn  t|i<   nm/  >/>'  ran/iil  |ir<><liicrMl  l>y  uiilkiii|{ 


till'  ii'i<  llillH  I'liriiiril  rnirk'^  liilM  Nliiall  |iii'ri'N,  uml  riltM 
till'  ti'i'l  Nnw,  nil  llir  |iiiiiiii'y  iiyiiiii,  wliirli  fur 
iliiys  wiiH  iiili'i |iliil  liv  Iiiii4iiii'intiiii.i;  m-  hIiiii'|i  riilyi's 

(if   il'l'.   llU>'    fluzill   \VHM"<.    Ill'    lni|l    ill',  fiillllril   ill   |i|iirrs 

wlii'i'i'  till'  iiM'i'  uiiK  ijiiiiiiiii'ij  ii|>,  mill  llir  ilaiii  lii'iii^ 
riil't'ini  iiwiiy  l>,V  lli>'  ilinli  nin  ri'ut,  llir  n|i|>i'l'  iri' ri' 
liiiiiiis  uitli  iioiliiii;,'  III  Mi|i|Hii'l  it.  hiiy  iiltir  iliiy, 
till'  Inll'iwiiii;  riiliii"'  iii'iiir  in  tin'  iiiitlnii's  |iiiiriii»l  :  — 

••  .\'iiriiiilf  r  \sil,  t  till'  first  Iniiilili' was,  ilmi  lln'ilny 
Mr.  KraziT  Iriit  iin'  illn'  U-st  iln','  wr  limli  Wii»  u"""'  ; 
III'  liitil  t;iiii\M'il  till' I'lml  iiimI  lii'llnl  lioini'  a  sriimis 
liisH,  iiH,  lii'xiili'H  liiH  iisi'  ill  ilniwiiig  tlir  .slnl^i-,  Wf 
nii){lil  uMiit  til  I'ut  liiiii  " 

Tliin  I'uiiir  till'  |ias.sii)ri'  of  till'  (■rami  lia|iiilH— a 
I11IIH.S  (if  iiy  |iiliiiarli's  I'i'oiii  ti'li  til  fnlirlirll  lirt  lii;ill  — 
with  liniisi'il  liiiilis  ami  umimlril  frrt. 

'•  Srriiiilifr  \'.>lli  -  Till'  wati'i'  liail  nvrrllnwii  tlm  in'. 
\Vi'  liail  to  rill  a  way  tliniii^li  ii  wnml,  ami  uiri'  ^lail 
tn  j.'1't  liiirk  111  till'  sharp  iri'  <iti  thn  river.  This  ilay  I 
Hiilliri'il  a  t;ri'at  iIi'mI  ;  my  fi'i't  wrrv  so  Hi'vrirly  nit  liy 
till'  Iriizrii  siiiii'^s  (if  my  smiw-slmi's  that  I  Irll  a  tnuk 
iif  liliiiiil  lii'himl    nil'   on   ilir  simw   at   I'vcry  .sti'ji.      At 


iiliK  ilistillH'rH  in  shiH'x  wliirh  all'  iVnlii  fivr  In  .six  fret 
in  li'iiixth  !  h'liiir  ilays'  muir  tiavrl.  still  in  simw- 
slini's,  liiit  this  tiiiii'  with  |.li'iil\  lit  riil'liits  mi  the  mail, 
tiink  thrill  til  l''ii|'l  Ivllliiililull,  nlltslili'  i>t  wllilh  lillHil 
liH's  rmiyril  m  ihoiisamls  clu-r  tn  ihr  Inrt  ;  ilrri  vmii- 
tn  111'  iililaiiii'il  at  ,'(11  I'lisy  ilislanrr  ;  raliliils  ran  aliniit 
ill  all  ililrilimi'',  ami  wnlvi's  iuhI  lyiixrs  |irii\vliil  iilli  r 
thrill  all  lliiiiii^li  till'  mifjliliiiiirin^'  wunils.  Srviii 
iif  till'  must  iiii|iiirtaiil  mill  »ar  likr  trilirs  nii  llir  rmi- 
timiit-  tin  Cii't's,  As>iiirliiiiMis.  riliuktirt,  SiirircK, 
tlliis  Vi'iitlrs.  I'liy  ^'aiis,  anil  Itlnnil  Imlialis — alsn  rnii- 
gn'Kiitc  III  ami  iirt.'  in  rnnstant  iniMiiiiiniriitinri  with 
this  flirt. 

'I'lii'    liiitraliH'H  ilnrkrni'il  the   |ilain,  ami  liiiiitinu  mill 
hiiiitini;  slurirs  wi-ri' in  |ili'nly.' 

Nnw  lii'jjan  lifr  in  till'  Hiiiiw  ;  thu  im  ii  hryaii  to 
yatlirr  tlirir  Kii|i|ily  nl  fn'sh  mrat  tiir  the  siimnii  r  in 
till'  ill'  |iil.  'I'liis  is  niaiii'  hy  ilin;;iii);  ii  .si|iim'i'  liolo 
I'lijialih  of  t'liiitiiiiiin^'  Tmi  nr  ''<l>ll  liiijl'.iln  iAhiisi's.  Ah 
siiiiii  as  till'  ill'  in  thr  rivrr  is  nl  siitlirii'iit  thiikiii'ss  it 
is  I'lit  iiiln  si|iiiiri'  liliM  ks  nf  a  Miiit'nrin  si/.r  uilli  saws, 
with  tlii'si'  lilnrks  thrtliriir  nftlir  |iil  is  irKiilarly  |iiivi'il, 
iii^ht,  tiny  well'   iilili;;ril   ti>   ki'i'ji   liirniii;.'   miiml   ami     ami  thr  lilnrks  ci'iiii'iitnl  Inifithir  hy  in'iuin^'  water  in 


rniiml  lii'fnrr  thr  tire 

•'  .Vnl'i  »(/«)•  L'lW/l. 
whiil  till"  ri)i/(i(//'i/;'.i  I 
Iml  liriii);  iisi'il  tn  sm 
Till'   jiain    is    inli'iisi' 
lil'iiki'li,    ami    thr    I'm 


each  111  her  at  every  ninlinii, 

"  .ViiC.  H(/ic|-  I'll'. —  l{i\er 
this  always  yiveii  niir  ilie 
),'Uiill'    ail\iseil     lis    lint     ti 


tn  keeji  llii'iiiselves  I'rmii  Iree/iiii,'. 
This  iiimnini,'  I  fmiinl  llial  I  hail 
■ill  inn/  (/('  ruii/i/i/.     This  is  frniii 

w  shnes        It    is  fell    at  till'   itiste|i 

It     feels   as    if   the   linlies    were 

\l'\i   eil^i'H   were   f;rimlin^'   ag.iiiisl 


'  ilaiiinieil  ii|i.  We  hail  ii|i  tn 
i;s  tiiml  I'Mi'y  ilay,  hut  my 
ilii  sii  any  ninie,  'is  he  hail 
kiinwn  i|o<,'s  ii.iM'l  fur  ti/eiity  ilays  uiihmit  fniHl,  mi  I 
everv  mime  we  imw  hail  was  tun  |ir>'eimis  In  give 
them,  I'Mii  if  they  ilieil  ;  .su  I  lie  jiiHir  lirutes  were  tieil 
il|i  sii|i|ierli'^s,  ami  tin  ir  m.islers  went  In  lie<l  with  halt 
illlnwanee. 

'•  S"i'(iilirr'l\th  <t|piii  water. HI  the  river;  ihrmiuli 
the  VMxiils  ai^aiii  ;  eaiiie  liai  k  In  river  mi  a  liiijli  Kaiik  ; 
tnrtieil  liver  sleilge  aiiil  liag^age,  ami  then  |iililii'il  ihe 
|iiiiir  lings  after  ;  rnlleil,  seianilileil,  ami  tell  ilnwn 
lilirsilves. 

"  ,Vmi  ;/i/icr  I'.'W'/.  Ixiver  runniiii,'  lapiil  ;  nliligeil  to 
eiieaiii|>  .  the  men  w  islieil  In  si  aiify  .Mr.  Kane's  iiiNti'|i 
Willi  a  gnu  llint,  to  ea.se  his  jiaili.  Our  |>iiiir  ilogs 
liHiki'il  sn  sav.ige  ami  stiirveil,  that  we  liail  to  lie  their 
hiail.s  elose  u|i  to  the  tiee.s,  tearing  lest  they  might 
gnaw  the  strings,  ami  make  ntl' 

••  Xiii-i ml"  I  'Ji'illi.  Trieil  river  ,  dogs  ami  sleilge  went 
through  ire  ;  were  tisheil  out,  ami  r.in  forty  miles  in 
the  ilay. 

■'  .\,,i-i'iiilier  '27 ill  -  .Mr  Kane  Irieil  to  w.ilk  wilhmit 
HlioW'slliies  ;  I'ell  thrmigh  iee  ;  got  mil  .  |iiislieil  nn  ill 
wet  elnlhes,  thmigli  sorely  rhafeil  with  iee  to  st«y  was 
to  starve. 

"  ,\'iiri  inlii-r  '2f^l)i.  —  Up  early  ;  there  was  nothing  In 
I'nok,  anil  no  hreaklast  to  eat.  Tortureil  with  m<i/  lA 
rni-i/iiit  ,  wmimleil  with  iee  insiile  stnekiiigs.  an  eighth 
of  an  ineh  every  ilay  from  the  freezing  of  the  per 
xpiratioli  ;  lireak'.  ami  feels  like  sharp  gravel  in  shoes, 
tlhligfil  to  hall,  tlioiigli  we  know  the  fort  was  neur. 
tshualil  they  eal  ilng  (      No  ,  ilogs  were  too  thin." 

''lithe  ".'Dill  of  Novemher.  at  four  o'eli.i  k  in  the 
aflt  riiiKin,  they  reaeheil  l''mt  .Assiiielioine,  li.iv  ing  tra 
vellpil  three  hiimlreil  ami  tifty  miles  in  lilleeii  ilays, 
kinid  Jitlieulties  fntigiius,  iitiil  privaliuim  of  all  kiml8, 


lietvveen  tl  em,  mill  allowing  them  to  freeze  so 
like  liiminer  the  walls  are  sniiilly  Iniilt  np  tn  thu 
siirtiiee  nf  the  grmiml.  The  lieail  liliil  feet  of  the 
linllain,  when  killeil,  are  eiit  nil',  ami  the  emea.ss,  wilh- 
mil  lieiiig  Nkinneil,  is   ilivideil    into   ipiartei...  ami  pileil 

'  Ki'VV  lillllitlnfttnriiH,  wllirll  tlllVi'  Illeli  I'er  tlll'it'  lieriu'ri  Ullil  llllllil- 
lui',,  ii>  vielims,  jm^M'SH  kllrli  ieli'ri''t  in*  one  iil' ii  f  utline  iiinl  Init) 
linlil  iiliitfil  I'.v  I'lii'tuiii  I'iiUi-ir  i.Vr  |i.  'M<'')  in  Inn  "Si.lili.n 
Ilniilir':     "  .Vlmiit  llni'i' nieiilli',  I'l'i-vinits   in  mv  iirriviil  111  I  i  it 

I'lliiili,  mill    III    tlie    llri>;lll    <•(    llie    linlliiln    liri'i  lllUk'   M'llHUl,    Vll'ill 

ilti-n  hiills  lire  i-niiii'tiiiii'M  MTV  t\i'rir,  J I H' WHS  liikiiii;  the  I'lut 
I'niiin  Lull,  Willi  ii  riirl.  iiiln  ii  imii  t  mi  tin'  livir  iiIh.vi'  ihe  Inrt, 
in  iiriliT  In  ilnivv  liniiii>  u  limil  <  I  wih>i1,  wliicli  Iniil  Urli  prrv  intmly 
rut  iiinl  piliil  reinl.v  I'nr  tntn-finrtiilinn  llie  iliiv  Ih  Inn,  vvinn  ii  vi  ly 
hir^'i'  I'M  liisnii  liiiil  sIihkI  ri^lit  ill  till'  nii'l  tnnl,  imwini;  n|i  tie 
i-iirlti.  mill  rnitrini;,  ri'tiilv  In  iiis|iiitc  llir  jmikkii^'i'  uitli  liim.  lin  n 
nniriT  ii)')iiniii'li,  innti'iiil  of  Itvini;  til  tin-  hi^'IiI  nl  llie  ii.iin  tl  ut 
iiri-ii|li|>)lliii'(l  llir  eiirt,  tlir  liiHill  liillili-  II  lii'inllolii;  illill'i;!'.  ,)ni' 
ll.lii  lialrlv  tniir  In  I'i'lliiivi'  IiIh  liiiU's  lii'iiil  hIiiIi-,  mill  I-"!  it|<e  11)1  II 
tree,  I'l  lliL'  lltlirlv  Ulnilill'  I"  lis.inl  liis  Inlir  I'ih.Ih)  I'liili.l,  <\|i.>ni 
lie    li'lt     tn     lim    nVVII    ri  Nelirri-K.         lti''nll    mill    Imll.    Iinvv     in    IIM'llllI 

rniiiliiit,  ini't  tniilvviiv  with  ii  shiH  k  tliiii  iimili'  tin'  eiirtli  tii'inl'li'. 
Our  pn  V  inn^lv  iliK-ile,  i;i-ntle  iiniiniil  iK-ciiiiie  IriinMlnMiu'il  intn  mi 
tntiiriiiti'il  lii'iist,  »|irnii:ini,'  I'min  niiie  In  side,  »l,iiliii|'  iniinil  m 
the  liiilViiln  iitteni|i|i'il  In  tiiki' him  in  Hunk,  nil  iiiiili'l.v  n|iMitii.); 
mill  riifhtini:  the  emt   ii^'iiiii,  vilmh  he  tiiini:iil  Irmii  niih' In  miIi', 

mill    vvhirleil  illsillt   im   it'  it    liinl  li'rll  II  hltlill  l'i>\.       ,||M',  "llt'i'  nut  nl' 

hiirin's  vviiv,  Innki  il  iliiwn  rrniii  the  trie  nl  Ins  rlimniiinn'*  prn- 
eisiliinfs,  III  lirst  ih'|iliiiiiig  tin'  iliMiilviinlnp'  he  liilH.iin'i  iiniliT, 
fi'niii  Is  mi:  hiirni'Mu'il  to  a  eiirl  ;  Iml  uln-n  the  lli;lit  hml  IiimIhI 
Inn^  mni  rmii'iis,  hiiiI  it  vviin  eviileiit  llnil  In.iIi  innihniiints  hint 
ili'lerinilli'il  ihill  nlie  ni  the  ntl. n  slmnlll  tiill.  his  evisl  wele  n|.iiii'il 
In  the  Viilue  nf  1  he  |iintn  in.n  iitlnrilisl  liv  the  hinm ss,  uml  et|n' 
I  I'iiiU.v  hv  the  tliii'k  shiil't-  nl   llii    eiirt,  iii;«ii  »l   Iheshnii  Imriis  n|' 

till'  h;«in,  «h",   llllllnlli:ll  he    tn  re    hlUI   nViT  lllnl  inef  il^iiin  nn    Ilin 

liiiuneheK,  ennlil  nni  wniiiiil  Inin  si'viTety.  1*11  '111*  iither  Ininil. 
the  Inin;  rlim|i  Imilii.  nl'  Ihe  hrilVe  Kurt  I  ninii  hull  heiiiili  In  till 
nil  the  t'nniiwi'il  niili'K  nf  his  nnliipniiiit,  until  tin  limil  i'hiir):e 
lirnii);hi  the  hlMin,  nilh  II  liinniis  Imiiinl,  ileinl  iiiiili  r  niir  liirn'n 
tilt,  vvl.nse  Inni!  tiui'ilriivvii  Imrii  vvus  iheji  ilriveii  intn  In.  inlvn. 
•  in  "  henrt.  Willi  II  liner  lllnl  Ininle  ihe  v»ik,iI  rini:  imnill,  iliiMli 
elmiilH'ii'il  ,lne,  mill  triiiiii|ihiinl ly  eiiressint;.  nl-n  enrilnlly  nn- 
niineil,  his  el.ivnliiiils  enin|iiiin.ili,  vvhn,  iiltlinu^'li  lirnisiil,  hlnnii, 
mnl  iMViTi'il  with  I'liiiin,  hml  i'iii-ii|>eil  iinilijiireil.  It  l'ei|iiiri'il  nil 
,Iik'»  Ilic^'iT  ihsiuellee  tn  |ui>liiiile  the  hull  lii  leave  the  nlilill 
ttittiihiniiiHl,  nvi-r  vvhniii  he  Iniii;  HtiNsl  wiili'hini:,  ivideiilly  iK- 
js'i'tiliu' liiiii  1.1  iji't  up  iipiiii  In  leiiew  ihe  isiinhnl.  ,lne  nil  the 
while  eimxiii);  liiiii  fiirwnril  with   "  lliin  denr   l'"h1   hull,   hini  ^-o 

hnlne  nnvt.  mill  ih>  nnninle  wnrk  In  ihiv  i"    whii  h  |>li.«|iel.  "  illm'k 

,li«','  ill  .ninninii  Willi  nil  liin  whiu  Imtliri'ii,  aiiwnli'i ctl  it  tlio 
aeiiie  nl  i-uhliiiim')  I'elleit}'. 


■,%. 


'^^. 


o^:« 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0 


I.I 


140 


1^  m 

•^  1^    1 2.2 

1.8 


u  m 


1.25      1.4 

||l.6 

M 

6"     - 

► 

V' 


1AV> 


Photographi 

Sciences 

Corporatice 


J3  "VEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEr.&rER,N.Y.  14SB0 

(716)  •72-4503 


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388 


ALL  fiOUNl>  THii  WORLD. 


in  layers  in  the  pit  as  brought  in,  until  it  is  filled  uj),  the  rising  streams.  They  saw,  on  the  1st  of  June,  a 
when  the  whole  is  covorcil  witli  a  thick  cnatin};  of  large  ]iiirty  of  J ndiiins  riding  furiously  towards  them — 
straw,  which  is  again  jirotcctcd  fVnm   the  .sun  and  rain    a    war-iiarty    of    lil.ickfoot    Indians,    JJlood    Indians, 


Surcccs,  (iiiis-X'i'ntrcs,  and  I'ay-gan.s.  After  hiding 
a  C'rce  Indian  in  one  of  tiieir  boats  under  the  skiiij 
which  covered  their  goods  — for  it  was  against  '  is 
nation  tlio  Jnilian  jiarty  weie  out — they  went  down  to 
their  encampment,  and  wei-e  welcomed  as  i'riends, 
the   arms,   guns,   Imws,  and    arrows,    being  placed   at 


by  a  .skin.  In  this  manner  the  meat  keeps  perfectly 
good  through  the  whole  summer,  and  I'ats  much  better 
than  fresh  killed  meat,  being  more  tender  and  better 
flavoured. 

Horses  aie  kept  for  riding,  selected  from  the  wild  band 
of  7(tl)  or  811(1  which  roam  about  the  fort,  and  forage  for 

themselves  tiiroiigh  the  winter,  by  scra])ing  the  snow  their  feet  in  tokt.'U  of  amity, 
away  from  the  long  grass  with  their  hoofs.  These'  There  was  one  exception.  A  great  nuin,  "Big 
horses  have  only  one  man  to  take  care  of  them,  who  i.s  Snake,"  walked  round  tliejiarty,  cracking  and  (loinish- 
called  the  horse-keeper  ;  he  follows  them  al)out  and  ing  a  whip,  and  .singing  a  war-song,  evidently  <lesirous 
encamps  near  them  with  his  family,  turning  the  band  "i'  getting  up  a  light,  and  reiusing  to  lay  down  hia 
should  he  perceive  them  going  too  far  away.  Instinct  arms  with  the  rest,  although  freiiuently  rec|uested  to 
soon  teaches  the  animals  that  their  only  safety  from  ,  do  so.  At  length,  however,  he  ]pnt  them  down,  and 
their  great  enemies  the  wolves  is  by  remaining  near  '  sat  with  the  rest,  a:vl  taking  (though  with  evident 
the  habitations  of  man,  and  by  kee]iing  in  one  l)ody  '  reluctance)  a  t'fW  ]'.u(l.s  from  the  pipe  which  was  going 
they  arc  enabled  to  fight  the  bands  of  wolves,  which  the  round  of  tiie  |iarty,  in  token  of  peace,  he  turned  to 
they  often  drive  otf  after  severe  contests.      Thus   they  I  .'Mr.    Harriett  and  .said,   as   he   had    smoked   with  the 


rarely  stray  fai'  away,  and  never  leave  the  road. 

A  merry  Christmas  Day,  and  a  wedding  on  Twelfth 
Day.  with  a  <lance,  and  then,  in  company  with  the  bride 
and  bridegroom,  Mr.  Kane  and  party  started  on  the 
7th  to  Fort  Edmonton,  in  earioles  or  light  sledges,  in- 
tended tor  one  Jierson  only,  a  thin  flat  board,  about  a 
foot  and  a  half  wide,  turned  u]iin  front,  with  a  back  to 
lean  against,  covend  with  butlido  hide.  On  the  ll.'th 
duv  a  divei-ting  incident   occurred  :   a  herd  of  buffaloes 


white  man,  he  would  jjre.sent  him  with  his  horse,  at 
the  same  tinn^  leading  nj)  a  beautiful  brown  animal, 
which  I  had  seen  him  alight  from  on  our  arrival  ;  he 
handed  Mr.  Harriett  the  las.so, 

Hig  Snake's  brother,  who  .seemed  *o  be  very  proud 
of  hini,  tokl  ns  the  following  anecdot(!  ;  Some  time 
back  l!ig  Snake  had  the  free  admission  to  one  <n  the 
.\nu:rican  forts  near  the  Itoeky  MountaiiiB.  Coming 
up  one  day,  with  two  other  Indians,  to  enter  the  gale, 


had  come  down  the  bank  on   to   the    ice,  and  did    not  it  was   shut   rudely  in   his   face,  by  order  of  the  coni- 

jierceive  tht!  a]ij)roach  of  the  party  until    the   fiireniost  mamlei',  who  had   only  lately  arrived   in    the  coiintrv. 

sledge  WHS  so   near  them   as  to  excite  the   <logs,    who  This  his  |irid(;  led  him  to  icgard  as  a  direct  iiisull  ;  he 

rushed  furiously  aft^'r   them,  in  spite   of  all   efha-ts   to  I'ode  away,  and   falling   in    with   some  cattle,  that   he 

stop  thcMi.      The  spii-it  of  the  h\nit    was  at   ouc(^  com-  knew  belonged   to   the   fort,   he   commenced    filing  on 

ninnicated  thnaigh  the  whole  tribe,  and  they  were  soon  them,  and  killed   thirteen.      As   soon    as    the   sentinel, 

all,  earioles  and  .sledges,  da.-.!iing  away  at  a  furious  rate  who  had  given  the  offence,  heard  the  shots,  he  suspected 

after  the   buffiloes.      The    fi'ightiiu'd   animals,   at    last,  the  reason,  and  informed   the   supei-intendeiit,  wIkj  im- 


niade   a  bold   dash   tlirougl 
atteinpteil  to  scramlile  up  tl 
the  top  of  which  the 
when     sliiiping,     he 


;  1 


mediately  collected  his  men,  and  .sallied  out  with  thrm, 
well  armed,  in  the  direction  of  the  firing,  liig  Snake, 
being  on  the  watcti,  hid  himself,  with  his  two  tom- 
p:ii:ions,  behind  a  small  hill. 

The  )iarty  from  the  fort,  a]ipreheiiding  there  might 
be  a  large  nuinluT  of  Indians  hid,  hesitated  tr,  advance 
within  gunshot;  but  a  negro  of  the  party  otli'i'ecl  to  pro- 
ceed and  reconnoitre.    Ap[iroachiiig  the  hill  with  great 
luaslieil,   and  one  of  the  men   was  \  cautiim,  and  seeing  no  one,  he  began  to  think  they  had 
list    they  succeeded  ill   getting  |  esca]ied  ;   but,  when  within    about  twenty  yards  of  the 

top,  I'.ig  Snake  sprang  np  fi-oiu  his  lair  and  fired, 
bringing  him  down,  ami  the  next  moment  bore  oil' his 
scalp,  and  waved  it  in  derision  towards  the  Americans, 
A  short  time  aflerwards  Hig  Snake  met  a  largtr 
]i,irty  of  lilackfeet,  "  pitching"  towards  the  fort  on  a 
trade.  t)n  his  arrival  amongst  thein  he  stated  what 
hi!  had  done,  and  dared  any  (Uie  toceiusure  his  conduct, 
on  ])eril  of  making  him  his  enemy.  Although  the 
band  well  knew  that  what  he  had  ilone  amounted  t<' 
an  o]M!ii  declaration  of  war,  and  voidd,  of  course,  cut 
off  any  communiiatioii  or  tra<le  with  the  establish- 
ment, nnlc.s.s  they  actually  gave  uj)  Hig  Snake  as  a 
prisoner,  yet  they  su'  tciI  their  disaiipointment  in 
silence,  rather  than  im  iir  the  anger  of  one  whom  they 
,s(i  nnich  fearecl.  Another  band  (jf  the  same  tribe, 
ignoriint  of  the  circnmst.ince,  arrived  at  the  fort  a  few 
days  afterwards.  The  Americans,  tliinkiiig  this  a  g<iod 
way  of  chastising   the  aggressors,   loadeil  one  of  their 

left    for    Norway     House,    ]iassing    Fort    I'itt,    where  i  cannons  witl.  musket  lialls,  ami  while  the  unsiis| ting 

they  .saw  and  huuted  the  wolves  employed  in  devour-     Imlians  were  standing  huddled   together  at  the   gate, 
ing  tho  cari;u.scs  of  the  drowned  butlaluc.-.,   'aught  b^  I  waiting  for  udoiitlaiice,  applied  the  fusee.  Fortunately 


I  deep  snow  bank,  and 
steej)  bank  of  the  river, 
fo'-emost  one  hid  nearly  re.iclied, 
r  led  over  ami  knockeil  those 
behind,  one  on  '  p  ot  another,  down  into  the  diep 
snow  drift  amongst  the  men  and  dogs  who  were  strug- 
gling in  it.  It  would  be  impossilile  to  describe  the 
wihl  scene  of  uproar  ami  coid'usiou  that  ensued.  Some 
of  the  sledges  were 
nearly  killed,  but  at 
clear  and  repairing  d  image. 

Our  artist,  who  sei'iiis  to  have  had  a  stomach  f  jr 
sun  and  st.irv.itioii,  as  well  as  a  |ieiicil  Ibr  Indians, 
only  stayed  at  Fort  Kdmoiiton  until  the  iL'di  of  .\]iril, 
when  he  was  lured  aw.iy  to  Iloikv  .Mountain  House, 
16"*  S.W.  of  Fort  Kdmontcm.  on  tln^  Saskatchewan, 
by  the  news  of  a  large  ]i:irty  of  lilackfeet  being  about 
to  H.ssenible  there.  lie  arrived  there  and  fiiund  it 
beautifully  situated  on  the  river  banks  in  a  small 
prairie,  backed  by  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  the 
distance.  It  is  built  so  as  to  serve  us  a  jirotecticui 
against  the  lilackfeet,  who.'^e  vicious  or  warlike  dis 
position  is  well  known.  "  I  m.iy  sta'e,"  says  o(ir 
author,  carelessly,  "  that  beds  of  coiil  are  seen  pro- 
truding here  along  the'  b.iiiks  of  the  river,  similar  to 
that     of    Kdmonton."       As     there'     was     nothing     to 

be   seen   but    rabbits,  they   so nadi;   their  way  liack 

to  Ivlmonton,   which   ]il.ice,  on  the  I'Dth  of  .May,  they 


-^-..^.   ,  immmmmmm^ 


It  did  not  explode,  and  tlio  In.liap?.,  sccinsj  the  unusual 
stir  nml  tlio  fl.ish,  l.e,.,,,,,.-  alan.h.d  and  (l,.,l.  On  a 
secon.l  application  of  tla-  lus..,.  it  dis..|,a.-g,.d  its  nuir- 
derous  pn.j,.ctil..s  an.on-st  the  fii-iiiv,...,  an.l  killed  ten 
persons,  jJi'iTUMpally  women  and  rliil.livn 

So,no  tiM.e  afterwanls,  J!i.  Suako  heard  that  one  of 
the  most  influential  Jndians   of  the   tfihe    had  Idanie,! 
lam  in  a  speeeh  for  inv„lving  the  tril.e  in  mueh  incon- 
V(,M„e„ee,   an.l   destroying    their    trade.       ()„    heariii.. 
tlu'so  ivniarks,  h(>  direetly  went   in   soar.'h  of  the  ceii^ 
surer    arm,.!  with  a  sealpin^'  knife,  and  on  comin-  n„ 
wth  hiin,  attempted   to   stal.   him;   his  foot,  liowev,.,' 
.si|.pe,l   111   the    attempt,    wliieh   saved   the  others  life' 
although  he  received  a  severe  wound  in  tlie  side    'I'hese 
two  coiit,nue,l  for  some  tini.;  in  a  state  of  deadly  hosti- 
lity, until  i'.ig  Snako   was   persuaded    by  nianv  of  l.i.s 
triemls  to  make  peace,  to  wliieh  he  at  length  consiMiti'd 
iiiMl    proceedeil   tow.anls  his  lodge  for  that  purpose.    In 
the  meantime  lu!  had  tol.l  his  wife,  if  she  saw  any  dis- 
tuibance    to   move  her  lodge  instantly  to  the  top  of  a 
small  hill  a  few  hundred  yards  distant,  which  mi'^ht  he 
•n')>-e   easily  .lefeiided.      On    his  arrival    at   the    nmii's 
l'"lge,  he  found  him  .seated  with   his  wife  and  ehildren 
ji:-ound   him,  and,   taking   up  one  of  the  (•hil.livn   he 
•egau   to   caress   it,  and   asked  it  to  interc-de  with   its 
ather   lor   the   injury   ho    had  done   him.      The  iiiaii 
liowevcr     moodily    held   .lowii   his    head   without  aiiv 
reply,  whilst  nig  S,:ak,.  again  asked    the   cliihl  to  take 
pity  on  him. still.    The  fither  remained  .silent ;  on  wiii,-h 
l.ig   Niak.',   getting    enraged   at  the   rejection    of  the 
irieiid  y  ov-rtures   he   had   eoiuh'scei,,!,.,'!    to    make   to 
one  whom   he   regmled    so    much  as   an    inferior,  and 
feeling  himself    humiliate,!  l.y  the  refus.il.  rushed   from 
the  t.mt,  .seize.l  his  gnu,  which    he    l,a,l   taken  the  i.re- 
eautiou  of  placing  within  reach   in    case  of  emer„e,icv 
i.n,l  cominenced   firing  through   the  skin   coverTier  ;,f 
t  le  tent,  killing   tw,>  of  its   iuiuate.s,  au.l  woundin'    a 
third  ;  after  which  he  iviurm^d   to    the   hill  where  Ips 
wife    was  ],itchiiig   the  tent    according   to  his   orders 
wh.n-e   he   remaiiuMl  and  defied    the    whole    cami.    tn 
molest  him,  ' 

This  worthy,  Mr.  Paul  Kane,  siicce..ded    in   inakiier 

the  centre  of  a   picture  of  warrior.s  of  Iii.lian  nations 

.V;   p.   386)  ;   to  the  extreme   left   is  a    chief,   ealle,l 

l.ittle  Horn,'  withal.ulfkh.  lohe  dr.aped  around  him 

'uid   between    him   aiul    "  Big  «„ake "  is  Wah-nis-tsin, 

principal  chief  of  the  Sureecs  tribe.' 


FROM  THE  ATLANTIC  TO  THB  PACIFIC. 


389 

The  Hudson's  Bay  agent  hurried   the  partv  out  of 
so  dangerous   a   neighbourhood,  and   the  lOth'of  .luiie 
saw   them   at   (,',imb..rlaiid    Jlouso,    whence    tluy  uro- 
eoi'dcd    down    the    Saskatclu.wan    J^lbow    to    Norway 
i  onse,  where  the  artist  traveller  secured    a   sketch  of 
Oye-maw-wah-cl.ack,    the    ".Spirit    (.'hief   an    Es.iui- 
•nau.K    from    ilndsou's    ISay.    one    hundred    vears   old  • 
W   ...ore  remark;,ble  tbr   another  circi,nis{anee   than 
■  i/or  htsage.     He  h.ad  an  only  son  ("whom  I  often 
met,     .sa   s   Mr.    Kane),   ,pu,c    ehlerly    in   appearance. 
II  e  in.,tlier  ot  tins  boy  had  did  very  shortlv  after  hi. 
th     and  there  being  ,,0  woman  giving  .suJk  near  at 
I  e  time   the  l.a  her   to  soothe  the  cries  of  the  .starvin- 
"■^1",  pl.eed   the   infant's   mouth    to  his  own   breast^ 
.ml    finding  that  the  child   derived   some  benefit  from' 
It,    lie    continued   the   practice    for    .some   davs  ■    and 
strange  t^  say  (not   so  strange  to  say,  Mr.  TaulKane; 
.ts  to    believe,    although    it    is  a.sserted   that   the  .sam.' 
thing    has     happened     before  ;    and    Dr.    J.iving.stone 
tell.s   US   It    is   not   uncommon    in  (Vntral  Africa    ami 
"'     'MS  seen    It),   milk    flowed    from    his  nippl,.'   and 
!■'■   brought    up    the   child   without    the   a.ss'stanee   o 
any  woman  I 

Vow  witli   favouring  win.ls,   and   an  ascent  up  the 

Jin.peg    luver-stopping    only  at   the    ^Vllite    Mud 

otagc  (.>,,..  p.    ,m^,    and     its    picturesipie     aseenl- 

«itli     the     v„;/u:/,nr,     and     the     Indians    and     their 

s.p.aw.-,  who  were  following  the  party,  carrving   their 

canoes   acros.s,    and  then     honn  wards    to    Toronto,   to 

neh    phice     tro,n     Montreal    Jtiver,     •■the    greatest 

■    ;lslap    1    had     to    endure,"    says    Mr.    l-auf  Kane, 

ith   the  genuine    h.elmg   of   a    true    traveller,    -was 

lie  difhculty  I  found  in  trying  to  sleep  in  a  civilised 


'  ,Inn.  firh  tl,o  l.uttle  .'an...  olT.  ami  tl,o  stervis  as  foll„»-s  ._ 

«     a   the  l,.,t,k.    ln,l,a„s,      It  appears  tln.t    the    fr.,.,.    I„.,l    a 
eu,hnn,Ml.,„v  ,.n,l   l,a,  ,   ,„.,.„r,lin^^   t.  tlirir  .M.Htoni,  ..r.rte.l  a, 

,r ''"■!    I""'.  '"■"""•     "I'i^'l'    'I'.'.v  I'an^r  tl„.,r  ,„.:,I,chu..l  .:? 

.'.V.'M.n    n    '  i'"'"'--      •^'"■'•,.""'   '•""'•I'.si.n,   ef  their  .Iuikv,  ,1,;; 
.rm.    to  th,.,r  .aaip    a   .  .stance  ef  ah„„t   thr.e  miles,   wh.ch 

kh  ,tlj  Miter,  lh.M„va,hn>r  war  party  He  i,a,l  „„.t  .lls,.„v.re,I  tho 
pall,  an,l  ,,,,0  „l  ,l,..i,.  „,„„iu.r  ..lin.hins;  t„  the  top,  („  te:u-  „ll  the 
;  ".a.ncnts,  h,.,  f,„,„  ,1,..  hei^^ht,  petreiv,.,!  ,h,.  (',  ..  cm  n  a  0 
.l..sun,.,.,  ,,,„,„  «hl,.|,  the  p„ty  ,'rep:,n.,l  thetaseh  es  for  |",'h1;' 

Un.nl  he  (  r,v  se.als  ha,l  also  ..eiveiv,.,!  that  they  hMilCo,  n,e,I 
tlK  a  m,l"""""  1;'""  "'  "'^'l''  '"""'"•"■  '""'  '""'  ""■•"i'>..."l 
1     u.,..h.,lt„    1,„  M,u'k.   thlnkoii;   to   ouM-whehn   then,  hv  their 

•  .  ..Tior  „a,nl.,.,s,  „,„1  .1„1  „„t  ,lis,..ver  th.ir  n-ror  nnlil  thev  wer. 

•  t..aily  e.i(ruj:,.,l.  When  tl„.y  |HT.viv,.,l  Hut  ,h,.v  «vr,.  so'  ,„„eh 
out    nnheml   theyretreatcl  t„  their  e,n„p;    all'  hut    o,„.  ehief, 

I  .-ho.tliis.  H-lio,  ,lis,la,inn«   to   lly,  ,h.sl„.,l  .lenllv  into  the    iiinlst   ' 
"I   hise,».:,„s.  ,l,,,lini;   Meath   aron„,l    hiai   Hith    his   p^ke-MMiau- 
^nn  or  »Mr  cluh.     On  every  Ml;  Imllct  uiiU   arrow  piorce.l  his 


;;;£,,,..  *,3;:;,'i:i;'':L!":,rvvi''i.7;.:i:;; 
;;;":ifi\S7z;:.:?,::;;;,;«:,rr;,,;;;l,,;12,^ 

"ho,  as  It  IS   net    i„nisiK,l    ,Mii,.|i.~t    li  ,h'o,s  ,o„l. ,  •  ' 

each,,,,.,.    w,lht|,es,..lps.     The  1!1,„.,1    |,„lia„s,   „f„..       .i, 

ht  I  ,w.n,  s  an,l  (o„<.  \  ,.„lre..  not  l,avi„5;  a.nvul  until  llieliM, 
w,i»oVL.i-,  ot  cues,,  sullii-,.,!  II,,  h,<s  .oinfeui 

S„.',L"  ■■"''.T"'"'"'^  I'l"-'  '"''I'"  ""'■1'  «e  he:,r  of  the  cl..nth  of  l!i„ 
Si,  k.  as  lollo„s:-So„,e  C,.,..   l,„,i„„  ,,,,1,,,,   „,„,  j,,  ^^ 

IS,:";,:'"""" '';'".  ""y'"^''"'  ""•'^'■«"  i''-''^'""-  <■ 

,1 -.    1     ,        M    "Mrmiic.      Jii^^>n:iKe  liaii   ridden   tiwnv  Iruni 

,^   ::'^h  ,r "•■'"■•'" .'"■!- "'^'-i-^r ...„« .se:, „si,;: 

,.  V        ■,  7'  '"  ""'"■    l"'''il">ate  tli^rht,  were  hCu  lo 

iw..nt  ,u'ui ';;;:: :i:;;;;,,,;!^;' •■?■'■;■ ^t™--i.nn; 

;:;:ti,:r':;™;-v'-;l'r'''-'-;''"''^ 

Ue  uus  .cali,i.,i  M1..1  a,aa  huluru  Uia  others  can,e  u^,.  ^' 


390 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD, 


lU 


;h 


y.  --TITE  AVrNTPEU  AND  RED  RIVER 

DrsTini!!'. 

Tjicmiiru  or  li'UHsiircdy  opi'iiin';  of  a  lino(.f  cninmu- 
niciition  i'miii  tlio  Atl:iiilic  to  llio  I'acific,  thrcMigli 
British  territory,  us  J'r.ilcssor  lliiifl  justly  remarks, 
will  lie  Very  Lirgely  deiieinleiit  iipon  tlit^  |iroi;ri'ss  of 
British  Coluinliia.  From  the  return  of  tlie  value  of 
imjiorts  anil  customs  rc-eipts  at  Now  Wcstjniiister 
(moutli  of  Frazer  River'),  for  the  twelve  mmiilis  einling 
the  31st  of  Deeemlier,  1 SV.),  it  appears  tli.il  tins  im- 
ports amounted  to  £177,219  7s.  ii'l.,  and  the  <  iistoms 
to  .£18, -404.  The  eutin;  white  jioiiulation  of  JJritish 
Columhia  did  not  exeenl  o.OOO  men  in  Oetoher,  18  ">9, 
with  very  few  women  and  children.  The  value  of  the 
export  of  f^old  was,  at  the  sime  epoch,  estimated  at 
.£14,000  a  month,  or  .£i  1)8,000  per  annum. 

The  Town  of  Lytton,  whose  name  is  a  Just  recog- 
nition of  one  who  h;is  always  advocnted  the  j^reat  ciuse 
now  under  discu.ssion,  and  the  Valley  of  riiompson 
River,  appear  to  have  lieconio  ])oints  of  the  greatest 
iiuporlanco  in  British  Columliia.  Lytton  is  at  the 
forks  of  the  'J'hompson  and  Frazer  rivers,  and  contains 
eight  or  ten  stones  anil  a  government  house.  The 
Thomp.son  River  is  aliout  l.Vl  yards  wide  at  its  mouth, 
and  there  is  a  hor.scferry  attached  to  it.  Fort  Kam- 
looj)s  i.s  an  important  port,  situated  on  the  folks  of  the 
Thomp.son  and  North  Ui\i'rs  ;  the  Thompson  is  here 
300  yards  wide,  and  the  North  River  .".I.'d  y.irds.  The 
head  waters  of  the  Tliumpsnn  are  al"i\it  '22  miles  ea.st 
of  these  forks,  and  Dr.  Ilcrtoi- advanceil,  in  IS.Jf),  from 
the  ea.st  side  of  the  Rocky  Mountiiins  within  (io  miles 
of  the  .source  of  the  'I'hompson.  JR'  says  it  was  his 
vvi.sh  to  have  followed  the  C'olumhia  Rivei'  down  to  its 
grciit  hend  .it  the  ho;it  encann)nient,  and  thenci',  f)l- 
lowing  n]i  the  valley  of  the  Canoe  Jiiver,  to  have  en- 
deavom'cd  to  p.iss  to  the  head  w.ilers  of  the  Thompson 
River,  ;ind  .so  I'c.ich  British  (Jnluuilii  i.  Want  of  jiro- 
visions,  the  a]ipro,ieh  of  winter,  and  itn'  e.\truor.lin,iry 
thickness  of  the  forest,  pi'cvented  Dr.  Hector  frum 
nccompli>liiu:,'  this  vi'ry  interesting  link  lie'ween  the 
trails  east  of  the  liocky  MountMinsaud  i  la;  lie^id  waters 
of  the  Thompson  River,  from  which  point  :l  pick-road 
already  e\ist>  lo  thi'  I'licilic  Considerai.ly  to  il^'  north 
of  th(!  boundary  line. 

The  first  e.xpi'dition  oigani.st;:!  to  examine  the  country 


I  over  l>y  a  littlo  conr.ige  and  spirit.  Not  so,  Iiowover, 
with  the  (irand  Falls,  which  involve  a  portages  ot  throo- 
rjuaiters  of  a  mile.  The  s-enery  here  u  bea\itiful,  and 
,  the  plateau  is  covered  with  a  ]ir(jfn.''ion  of  hluelicrries, 
strawberries,  raspberries,  jiigeon,  cherry,  and  various 
llowering  ])lants.  among  which  the  bb'/bell  is  most 
conspicuous.  'J'he  alluvial  valley  sustains  elm,  as]ien, 
b.il.sam,  poplar,  ash,  butteiiiut,  iind  a  very  luxuriant 
]irofusioii  of  gr.isses,  vetches,  and  climbing  ]ilants, 
among  which  the  wihl  hop,  honeysuckle,  and  convol- 
vulus, ar<'  the  most  striking.  Tlu!  rear  jiortion  of  tho 
valliy,  with  an  admixture  of  the  trees  just  l  imed,  con- 
tains l)ireh,  balsam-spruce,  white  and  I'lack  spruce,  and 
some  heavy  aspen.s.  1'he  low  table  l.ind  i.s  thinly 
woodecl  wiih  small  )pine.  The  ai'ca  available  for  iigri- 
cultiiral  ]im-poses  below  the  (irand  Falls,  ])robably 
exceeds  I'O.OOO  acres,  but  if  thci  Hunks  of  Ma"kayV, 
Alountain  (trap)  be  included  in  the  estimate,  a  large 
addition  may  with  propriety  be  as.sumed. 

Tho  (irand  Falls  mark  the  limits  of  a  track  of 
country  dill'ering  in  many  ini|Mjrtant  ]ihysicid  as])ectt; 
from  the  valley  of  the  river  lower  down.  From  black 
argill  ici'ous  slates  of  Jluronian  (<  ambrian)  age,  we  Jias.^ 
to  a  I'cgioii  in  which  granite,  gneis.s,  and  chloritic .schist 
jirevail,  anil  wlnre  the  vcget.ition  is  often  .-scanty  and 
poor.  In  till!  forests  which  line  tl'c  banks,  however, 
the  cauoe-liirch  is  f'ic(|uently  seen  eighteen  ii.ches  in 
diameter,  the  tiMilerbriish  consisting  chiefly  of  hazel- 
nut. Fxtensive  areas  covered  with  burnt  tijiest  trees 
consisting  chielly  i.f  |iine,  occur  in  the  valley  of  tho 
river  as  far  as  JJt tie  J)og  Rake,  when  the  *'ormidablc 
barriei- of  the  (Ire.it  J)og  J'ortage,  sustaining  a  lieavy 
growth  of  timber,  comes  into  view,  The  latter  falls 
.'ire  very  jiicture.sipie,  and  would  take  rank,  I'rofes.sor 
Hind  observes,  with  the  most  charming  and  jiicluresque 
falls  on  tho  continent.  'J'he  shoals,  rapids,  and  lulls 
on  tho  Kaministiipioiah  River,  it  is  to  betbserved,  will 
aKv.iys  preveit  that  river  being  used  as  a  nuans  of 
communication  with  the  int  rior  for  com  nerciul  pui 
poses.  The  first  large  urea  of  ojirii  water  sJ)ogl,;d;e, 
an  I,  with  a  vie.v  to  reach  this  elevated  sheet  of  water, 
a  road  from  the  shores  of  Lake  Sujierior,  in  us  ilireet 
a  line  as  possible,  will  b<^  icipiired.      1'lie  area  of  Clreut 

Dog    l/ike    exi Is    200   fipiure    miles;     the    country 

aroiii   .   it   is   hillv,  and   covc'icd  with  forests,  in  which 


between  1/iki' Superior  iiiid  tho  Red  Kivcr  of  the  north,     white    .sjinice     prevails,    iiiteiNper.seil    with    groves    of 

aspens,  and  occasionally  dotted  with  the  \\"eymouth 
and  Ba.ksiaii  Jiiiies;  v.liito  ulid  yellow  birch  are 
.ibnnduiit,  and  some  of  them  of  large  diliiensioiis.  The 
l.ike  is  bounded  bv  bold  ]iriiMary  rocks,  nnd  studded 
Napier  as  en-  i  with  iiinninerablc  islanil,s. 

There  is  a  coiamiinicatioii  between  Dog  Lake  and 
Thousand  Naki's  to  the  west,  but  our  party  did  no' 
cxjiloreit,  piiicecding  ijy  Dog  River,  with  its  uliniidunf 
growth  of  l..ilirador  tea  (Li'dinii  paluMn),  and  of  the 
I'riyr.int  In  ban  tea  plant  {/.itlinii  t(ilij'n/ii(in),  to  the 
I'lairii!  I'oitage,  or  hi'ii,'ht  of  lanl  which  separates  the 
w-itirs  flowing   into  Rake  Su]ieiior  from   those  which 


nilh  a  view  to  determine  the  best  route  for  '.peniiig  a 
com  mull  icut  ion  between  that  lake  and  the  settlements  in 
Red  River,  was  desput died  by  tIieCina,ilian  (lovernment 
ill  .July,  18.37,  under  the  direction  of  iNIr.  (lladman, 
with  I'rofi'.ssor  Hind  as  gi'oloyist,  .Mi 
giiieer,  .Mr.  Dawson  as  surveyor,  and  ,i  i  on>ii|eiuble  st  iff 
of  u.ssistaiiis  and  r  'ijii'iniiri,  mainly  Iroipmis  uad  Ojiln- 
wuy  Indians.  The  Red  Jtiver  Kxpedition,  as  this  fiisc 
party  was  called,  sailed  from  (Jollingwood  on  I, ike 
Huron  tor  Fi.rt  William,  Lake  Superior,  on  tiie  I'lth 
of  the  s,-iiiie  month.  During  a  fig  in  tli  i  latter,  fog 
liows  were  seen,  anil  on  looking  over  the  side  of  the 


vesM-l  a  double  halo  of  very  brilliant  colours  might  bo  llovv  into  the  Winipeg  basin.  On  this  line  of  waterished 
observed  encircling  the  shadow  of  the  observer's  Jiead,  I  there  is  an  isolated  l.ike  ut  an  elevation  of  1,485  feet 
Jirojectcd   on   the   dark-coloured   wuleis.       Every  man     nbuve  tin!  sea. 

•saw  his  own  halo,  but  not  that  of  his  ni'igliboiir.  The  The  vvuterllovv  to  Hud.son's  Buy  commences  ostensibly 
expeililioii  l.indeil  at  Fort  Willi.uu  on  the  1st  of  with  the  Savanne  Lake  and  it?  feeding  swuinps.  At  its 
August,  the  ' ',y//i',(./ic./r«/ h.iving  stuck  fust  for  oin  clay  .soiith-vvesterlv  termination  begin.s  the  (ireut  Savanno 
on  a  rock  near  .Michipirotcu  Islanl.  I'mlage.  which  desecMids  31 1  feet  to  Suvanne  River,  the 

'J'he  lirst  portage  is  mc>l  with  at  u  distance  of  twenty-  latter  nieaiidering  away  eighteen  miles  to  the  Tliotisuiid 
two  and  a-h.ilf  miles  liMiii  L.ike  Superior.  It  is  culled  Lakes.  'J'he  inimecliate  banks  are  clothed  with  iilder, 
Uie  Decli.cri^c'  des  Rarc-iscux,  Oii  if  it  could  be  rowed  j  willow,  unci  dog-wood  ;  behind  these  are  aeeti  tamarack. 


i  80,  Jiowever, 
tiig(!  of  tlirco- 
Ji'uiitii'ul,  anil 
t'  bliiclicrries, 
iiiid  various 
'lic'll  is  most 
s  cliii,  aspen, 
I'v  luxiiriai'.t 
l)ing  jilanls, 
and  I'cjnvol- 
irtion  of  tho 
1  mird,  con- 
i  s|iiiK'e,  ami 
id  is  tliiidy 
iltlo  for  agri- 
is,  proliidily 
of  Maokaj'.'; 
late,  a   largo 

a    track    of 
sicnl  asjiccti; 

I'Voin  black 

iiff(^  wo  ])ass 
ill  iritio  schist 
1  scanty  and 
ks,  liowover. 
n  iiiclics  in 
Hy  of  liazel- 

forost  trees 

alley  of  tliG 

'orniidablc 

tig  a   heavy 

latter  falls 
k,  I'riitessor 
JiicHiresijiie 
:1s,  ami  falls 
iserveil,  will 

a  11)1  ans  of 
acrcial  ]iur 
s  Dog  Lake, 
L't  of  water, 
1  as  direct 
ea  of  tJreat 
le  conn  try 
s,  in  wliich 

gl'II^CS     ot' 

W'lyniunth 

hirch    are 

ions.      The 

id  studded 

Lake  and 
ty  did   mil 

aliiindant 
md  of  tiiu 
n),  to  lliu 
larates  the 
oso  wjiich 
watersjied 
1,185  feet 


ustensihjy 
|is.  At  its 
Savanno 
River,  tlio 
Tjiousand 
ith  aldel-, 
.ainaruek. 


I    1 


i"  1 


I'li 


i\ 


;    ■  .C'l 


ll 


\  ' 


V- 


\ 

-^^ 


i 


I  >  i' 


''"'.I.       Ih,.    „s„„l    ,„„t..    fr.,Ml  TI,n„SMl„l    l,Mk,.s    I,,    tl', 

"  I  'll.y     ,||m  MM.l    n,,i„l,s,  a.Ml  ,„r..ssila(,.s  ,.,.  ..,,,1  ,  f 
l--ta«,..s,    l.,„  .„„•  |,,.r,y    to„k  the-  lin,.  ufJ!,H       .1 
n -1  Nt,,....,,„  |,.,|.„    „„|    ijivo...      Tl,.   latt..,.      k,. 

^-,  on  tins  ■•..uto-„,n.,.t  as  n,any  J. .„,[:,; ',,;;;:, 
r^'-aviiiV'  l.'attkisimk..   Peltate,  rai.i.ls   a,,,!   f.II.   n 

lis        .  t  'V^'"""   '"  I^'-''''^^'"'  ifi-Hl's  l,„ak   a 

'  .'     ot  ,s,.v,.ral   otluT  „f   thcso  (.iotunvs,,,,,.   f  ,|s    a, 

-l-'y'-y    tl,o   i'i,e„„   Riv,.,.  fi.„ln    I.ak^^    ,         ' 

i;iored  this iatu.ni,H,.:,:::;,H:;  .::;::':, - 

•■•es   ""tso..n.    to.s,iM,at..   ,l„.,aWlMi.^sa,"'/ 
;"'e  way  tli,-.„  tla-   ntUn:     Tlir   (;,.m„I  I>,    ,  "         , 

tm-tastlM.t.,.nMn,us„r,.tCa„a,liau  ro„t,.  ;   l,„t   .„, 
'•;;;-MM„.an„,,   which   f;.,.,,.  tl.o   l,„L,ian-      „, 

'I  I-  It    \V,1  ha,n,    '■,«.„,,   to  ao,|„i,,.   ii„,„„.ta„„,    |„ 
.oporfon  ,.,  the  oxtonsio,,  ofo,.,-  k!,o.vi..,|.  .  n'     •  ■  i, 
its   .•ai.al.ililu.s  and  .vsonnTs."     To   how   nr„  •  7 

I'on.ts  in  this  vast  lal.viMth  of  riv,.,.s  Iks    n   \v 

■ny  not  this  obsonaiion  .U.  ;!:■£  l^l^ r    ' 

>an.y   Lak.M.hi,.hl,..loM.so;,ehal,'\o      ..  L',i,e,l 
S^aosan,    o,u.hal    to    hitisi,   AnuTica,   isuav      1 
;?.  ''it:'     ''■''''''•'''''' r-''^  -   ■•-•"■'.I   Wcanoo 

•"I    l.nks    avs,.ntai,K-t,.,v,    w  are    toM.  of  hoiiok-s 
^mhlyan,    ,l,.s..,.twasto.      Th.  islan.ls,  whi.h  ..^^    . 
'",'  "'•"""'"•'•■  M'o,   ho.v..v,.r,  W..II  woo.h.,|.     Tali    ' 

,'J.f '  l.M.t.      It  18  froz,.,,  .-..hoMt  th,.  1st  of  DcrenilHT 
•"H    mna.Ms  so  till  al..M,t,l,.  first  of  Mav  ' 

•   '■  ■>■..    «..loon„.,l   the  t.x|K.,h(ion  at  the  n.tran.'o   of 
I-  ny  l..vo>Yvh..ro  that  .in,,  st.va.n   iss,,,.  fn.n,   tl 
l-.lv.S   a  b,-oa.l  an,I   raphl   nver.     Itainv    ii.v.r   has    , 
--"•«eofe,--hty.,il..sl,yi,s   «  i,„|i,„s:  ft.„n,   ,h,   'ak' 
"'  ^;:'"'^  "^"'"'  t"  '1'"   ''..ke  of  ih,.   W s.     T  ,., 

■l'"-'"!  I'y  Mr.  Na,.i,.r,  an,!  tlK-  rosnlt  of   ,his.^   lo'a 

-.   was  to  ..stahlish   ,1,..    fiu-t   tl,a,,how,.v,.,    a        ;: 

laK..o„s|„s  route  n.ay  he  for    In,lia„s   in   .h.i       ,     ] 

-noes,,t,sf,ri„(;.Horto,hat   h.  Kainv  I    .   ,     s 

-a  ■con.nunn.a.ion.      Els..wh..r,.,   Mr    IHn,!  r. m,    k' 

t.onnn.,K.at,onpu,.M-iortotl.,senowtrav;:.;i 

^ImJT^'   l-t.ts..on..d..ar  that  until   th,. 
w.itcrslio,l  ..t    l.aM,y    lake   is   r..ach,.,l,   „„  conn.rii,,,, 
r...ssess,ng  s„.  i,.,..nt  >vat,.r  to  form  a   hoat  route  ex 
"••.•anbenimh.  «i,hou(,  nunn.rous.lanis 

l',.rt  Franees  is  situate,!  two  u.ih.s  l„.|ow  (l„.  h..a,l 
01  luviuy  K.VU,   wu.ac  it  i««ue..  Iron,    the  lake,  juj 


PROM  TIIR  ATT.ANTIC  TO  THE  I'ACIFIC. 


891 


'  'il.ove  the  ChaiMliCr,.   |-'alls  at  th,.  f,,„(     e     i  •  i    • 

--■Mi^,i,,,,,.,.un,,, ,v,,n;'Vh;:.h''h  jjt,;:,; 
' ■"'''■ '••■I'-'-T  v,.,etabi,isu:.;.e';'' 7 ::;..:' 

;■"■;"■,.«  to   exten,h.,!   enltivatio,,  are   th  .  Ka  n v    I    W 
n.!n,ns.     They  „re  not  only  ,„ ,, ^    ,„         '     it 

i^>:;t;i;/i:;;:;g;;t:.:;:;;:''';-. ^pX 

«:,:-^n:l-'^     ;-'?''^^^ 

•'.'t-.theiirm:^  :,r;  :'':r.;if''T-''''^-' 
o;'i;;'''::;;ir';;;!T 'y'f -''--'.:'=' 

.•at,.r-    ,la^:  '""    ^""'■^'   ''^"    ''"■"  '"'1''^^-'   h 

;;i-iiesn.,,,,,_H.,.,!.,,ii:/^,;;,;t  ::/^;^ 

^'''■'^''-■l^!'.'     '■'■'-'l"--tli,hv..|ofthes,         ,,      lo 

-■2:r;;;;;f;;:::,,n:::in-;;;- 

iE?i?'^.^^":r:;;;;hy:;- 

ilM|Jn,l,ans,Ii.!notlik,.th,.   ..x,,e,li,i„„  ,„ ..,.,|i„„ 

'I.-   tlN    a,,-,,ss   the   swamps   whirl,  s..,,  ,ra.,.' ,1,,.    1.,;, 

■'''•'"    ^^', •■'"•'""    tiH'l!e,l    liiverSet.l.au,      ■      T 

!>Ti-Mn,lol,i,...,ionsot,h..ir..hi,.ts.,.n.o  ;,n,., 

■■'V.;.^-|-e,„.alla„.na.,.,  wi.ha   husa.irie  ,.       ' 

wluehw.^re  warmly  a,,|,la,„le,i  by  the .t  ' 

i  lie  h,  lowing  IS  a  s|,e,in,en  oftlie  eolhuniv  •- 
\    hat  reas,,n  ean  w,.  give  to  (lio.se   whoV.nt  us  for 

^::,!;'7:'«  ••^'-•'' '-'I'-v  -  to  ti.vei  through  y,;;:;. 

/'('"/-"The  n.ason  why  w.-stop  you  is  b..,-ansc.  we 
tin.ky,,„,  ,n,,tt,.|l.,swhyyo„;antt.,g,,tha  ^\■ 
An,lwhat,loy,n.  wai,tt,Miowith,h,,sepa,hs/  Vu 
■H>^in   .!„.    white   men    w,.   have   s..en   I'.lon.r  (o  one 

',"■  'V  ;''"'  >■'-'  ''"■>■  '^"  '-y  '""•' HWvnt  roa.ls"  Whv 

hat      Doyoii    want    to  s,.e   th,.    liMlians   laml/      i{e- 

L7''"'''':'  ^\'''' ,"''''''  '"-'  '-''-.s  ,o   ,1,,.  Imlian-sh,a  so 
,     0  n,us,  walk  through   .he  .loor.  ,„„  steal   through     he 

I      neh.w.      ihatway,  ,|„..ohl,„„l.  „ | ,;„,,,;; 

;t.at    way    you   must  go.      Vo„   ,,.„h,r   ,.on,    in   vouV 
if"'"'7    "■:',     I'"!.,''   ^'"^'y.      I)i,l   vou   nev,.r  Ma.'eniu 

:->k;  )i,!  your  p,.oph.  want  to  s,..  our  ,;,rn  ? 
^\"ul,l  tli,.y  notlM.saiisli,.,!  with  vour  noting  it  down  ( 
1  "11  ..aniHitiiass  through  lh,,s,.  jialhs" 

n  si  .  u  us  th,.  roa,l  ;   we   .^hall  pay  him  w,.ll  an,i  ,s,  ,„! 
l-h  pr.-.utst,.y...,.      \Vh„,lo\„n  wishfor^- 
l       C/.i«/.-"  It  is  Uuid  to  deny  your  re,iuest,  but  W,;  seu 


HI     ill 


h     i 


III! 


S93 

how  tlie  hidians  mv  trciitcil  fur  iiwiiy.  Tlie  wtiitciniiii 
CDini'H  ami  Icinks  at  tlicir  llnwrrs,  llicir  tivcs,  anil  tlnir 
rivri's  ;  iitliiTH  sdciii  follow;  tlir  lamls  of  tlic  Imliiiii 
pMv^  fi'iiiii  tlii'ir  iiaiids,  ami  tlicy  have  iiowlicrc  a  Ijoiiir. 
You  nitist  ^'o  bv  till  way  tliu  wit. to  man  has  liitlii'ito 
gone.      I  liavu  toll!  yon  all.' 

At  tlif  I'losr  of  the  I'ouiicil,  till'  cliii'f  Haiil  to  tljc 
fiitci'iiioli'r,  "  l.ct  uot  tlnM'  lucii  think  had  of  us  for 
takini;  away  thi'ir  ;,'nid(;.s.  l.ct  tlicrn  send  us  no 
jin'scnls  :  we  do  not  want  tln'ni.  They  have  Mo  iii,dit 
to  pass  tliat  way.  W'l'  havr  hearts,  and  love  out'  lives 
and  oiir  I'onnlry.  If  twenty  men  i-amc  we  wonld  not 
let  them  pass  to-day.  We  do  not  want  the  white  man  ; 
whon  the  white  man  eomes  he  lirinHs  disease  and  sii'k- 
.'  ss,  and  onr  people  perish;  we  do  not  wish  to  die. 
Many  wiiile  men  would  hiiiii;  death  to  us,  ami  our 
jieoplu  would  pass  awiiy  ;  we  wish  to  lo\e  and  to  hold 
the  land  our  fathers  won,  and  the  (Ireat  Spirit  has 
Tell   these   men   this,   and   the    talk   is 


given   to   us. 
tinished." 

It  was  resolved,  therefore,  to  proeeed  hy  the  W'ini- 
])eLr  liivei-.  The  island  called  (larden  [sI;mh1,  from  its 
fcrlility.  in  uiiicli  this  eolloipiy  was  held,  w.is  sadly 
infested  liy  the  seour;;c  of  the  country — j,'rasshii]ipcrs, 
as  they  are  called— hut  in  rcidily  .a  true  locust  (. I c/7/- 
ilimii  fi'iiitir-riihruin).  Ii  is  not  a  little  rcmarkalile 
that  the  United  States,  whose  li(Hindary  Hik;  f iIIohs 
the  south  hank  of  Itainy  liiver,  and  is  prolonj^'cd  from 
the  Lake  of  the  WoimIs  to  Kritish  Cohimhia,  in  the 
]iarallel  of  41*  dei;.,  and  which  would  thus  ero.ss  the 
southern  extremity  of  the  lake,  is  made  to  strike 
across  the  Lake  ot'  the  Sand  Hills  to  Moninni'iit  Hay,  livt 
at  the  extremity  of  the  north-west  corner  of  the  said 
lake,  and  then  1(j  come  hack  again  to  the  |iarallel  rif 
40  dei;.  !  Stur;;eoii  are  very  numerous  in  the  Lake 
of  the  Woods:  they  were  repeatedly  si'cn  lc,'i|.iii'j;  out 
■.I'tlie  water,  in  their  irainliols  at  the  a]iproach  of  even 
inj,'.      Large!   |iik'  iso  to   he  seen   liaskiiii,'   in  the 

sun    at    the  surh  the    wati'r.        They    coulil    hi' 

even    killed   hv   .     .        ,'  them   ou   the    Ilea  I  with    the 
paddle. 

The  IJiver  Winipeg  i.ssiics  from  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods  hy  several  ditlerent  streams,  one  of  which  does 
Hot  join  the  parent  stream  for  a  distance  of  sixty-live 
iiiiles.  Ill  its  course  of  one  hiindted  and  sixty-three 
miles  to  Lake  Wiiiipeg,  this  j^reat  rivei  descends  three 
h  iiiilred  aiid  forty-nine  feet  hy  a  succession  of  niignili- 
eeiit  cataracts.  Some  of  the  falls  ami  rapids  jireseiit 
the  wildest  and  most  picture.sipie  scenery,  displ.-iying 
every  variety  of  tiiniiiltuons  cascade,  with  foamini,' 
r.ipid.s,  treacherous  eddies,  and  huge  swelling  w.ives, 
rising  niassivt>  and  green  over  hidden  I'ocks.  The 
river  also  frci|Uciitly  expands  into  l.irge  deep  lakes 
full  of  islands,  hounded  h_v  precipitous  clills,  or  rounded 
hills  of  granite. 

The  Hudson's  Bay  Comiiiiny's  post  at  Rat  Portage 
is  heautit'uUy  situated  on  an  island  at  one  of  the  outlets 
of  the  ]jake  of  the  Wood.s.  'I'lio  nek,  however,  is 
chloritie  .slate,  which  soon  gives   place  to  granite,   so 


ALL   ROUND  THE   WORLD, 

district  alluvial  nnd   fertile  trncts,  hmring  p-oves  of 

heavy  aspeuis  ai;d  other  tri'i  s,  jirevail,  Islington 
.Mission  is  sustained  hy  a  muiiilicenl  gift  from  .Mi-s. 
Lanilon,  of  Hath,  of  .i'LlMln  for  it^  eslahlishnieiit,  aiiiJ 
.fhM)  11-year  for  its  niainleiiance.  Its  pro>pects  are 
favourahle.  and  it  will  eventually  l)econii'  :in  impurtaiit 
station  in  the  wilderness  by  which  it  is  surrounded. 
The  jireM'iil  eongri'i,'ation  niimliers  ahoiit  fort v  live 
I  ndiaiis  helonging  to  the  Swampy  (.'ri'i's.  OIIm'i-  Indians 
lire  also  conciliated  liy  niaterinl  I'ontrilaitions,  showing 
the  advantage  of  agricultural  operations  heiiig  us.-o 
I'iateil  with  spiritual  lalioui'  at  remote  stations.  The 
missionaries  are  indeed  here,  as  in  many  other  jilace.s, 
the  pioneers  of  civilisation. 

.V    mile   and  a   half  from  Lake  Wiiiipcg  is  Fort 
.MeXiinder  ;   and  in  tlie  country  lietween  it  and  Isling- 
ton .Mission    many  Indians  live,  their  resources   heing 
lisli,  rahliits,  and  wild  rice.     'I'he  growths  of  tlie  latter 
an'  descrilied  as  hcing  at  places  very  extensive,  and  the 
Indians  fill    their  canoes  by  heating   the   heads  with   a 
stick.      These  natural  growths  are  also,  as  may  he  inui- 
giiied,  frci|uented  by  large  Hocks  of  birds.      Ited  iJiver 
enters    Lake    Winipeg  by  six  distinct  channels.     'I'he 
traverse    was   etiectcd    without    any   incidents,    su\e   a 
he.ivy  stpiall  :   and  fourleen  miles  above  the  month  the 
country   began  to  rise,  and   all    the  aspects  of  a   level, 
fertile   region  griiilually  invested   the  .scene.      It  Was  11 
|ileasaiit  chainic,  passing  from  the  caseades  and   iMpidH 
of  the   Winipeg,  where  half  clad  savages  tish   and  hunt 
lor  daily   tbod,  to  the   even  flow   t>(   lied   Iliver,  where 
Christian  men  and  women  once  heathen  and  wild,  now 
lopefid  .secnrity  on  its  bank.s. 
The   population  on   the  l!ed    liiver  and  Assinehoine, 
which  amounted  to  ."i.l  1,'i  in  ll>il."(,  was  (1,.JL','}  in  \X'iC). 
This    pojiulation   con.-isted   of  8I(!    tiimilies   of  nuli\e.s 
aii'l   halfbreeds;    llll  Scots,  <JL'  Canadians.  40  Knglish, 
1,'i   hish,   L'  Swiss  and   1  iS'orwegian.     There  is  a  gover- 
nor and  recoider  of  Assiiieboiiu',  for  the  ailministiation 
of    justice  ;     and    lands  sell  at   as    much   as  1  x.   (!(/.  an 
acre.       There    are    three     leligious   dcnomin.-itions  : — 
Church   of   Knglanil,  I'resb\  teiiaii.  and    lioiiiaii  ( 'atho- 
lie  ;    the  Catholics  being  as  L'.Tl'''^  to  L'.o-b")  I'ldtestant.i. 
There  are  three  Iiomanist  churches,  four  K]iiscoi)aliaii, 
and   two  I'reslA  terian.      The  Jiishop  of  liiipert's  Land 
is   stationed  at  St.  .lohn's,  on  the  lWi\  Jiivcr:  and  the 
liomanist  liishopof  the  North-we.st,  at  St.  Jloniface,  on 
the    same   river.      Kducatioii  is  in  a  far  more  .'ulvanced 
state  in  the  colony,  than  its  isolation  and   brief  career 
(it  was  founded   by  Loril  Selkirk  in  KSI2)  might  claim 
for  it       There  ai'c  seventeen  schools  in  the  .settlements, 
g'lierilly  under  the  supervision  of  the  ministers  of  the 
dciioiiiiii.ition  to  which  they  belong.      The  farms  of  the 
.settlers,  both   on  the  .-Nssinelioinc  and    tln'    lied    Itiver, 
are  generally  l.Tid  out  in  n.irrow  stri)is.  so  as  to  gi\e  to 
each   a  small    frontage  on    the   rivers,     'i  he   inincijial 
cultivated   crops   tire    Indian   corn,  wheat,  hay,   btnlev, 
iiiiil  oats.      Hops  grow  wild,  and    in   the  greatest  liixu- 
I'ianee.      All  kinds  of  root  crops  grow  well,  and  attain 
"  irge    dimension.s.        All    common    garden    vegetables, 


•  iiiv.iiii^    .-iitv,,.,     ,,,11,^11    .-"Mill    iii,,-.-,     iii.n.,-     I'l    ^i.ioiLU,     aKi  1,11  m;      uoii 

tliat  there  is  no  area   for  cultivation   between   it  and  which   ari;   cultivated    in    Canada,  are  eipiallcd,  if  not 

Islington  Mission.     The  fertile  soil   around  this  latter  surpassed,  hy  tin'  productions  of  the  rich  jirairie  soil  of 

lilies  not  emhraci^   more   than   two  hundred  and    fifty  Assinehoine.      (.^oiisideralile     (|uantities    of   sugar    are 

aere.s,  but   Indian  corn  ripen;',   there,  and  wheat  only  made  fnan  the  iish  Ic.ivi'd  nia]ile.    Wi'it^  there  a  market, 

ither  fl.ix  and  hemp  Would  also  thrive.      T'lie  live  stock  of  the 


rci|uires  niiK^ly-three  d.iys  to  mature.     There  are  other    .. ,  _  _._.. 

available  areas  of  a  similar  charaeter,  varying  from  settlements  is  represented  by  I'.T'.U' horses,  l!, 7-0  oxen, 
h I'l y  acres  to  three  hundred  acres  in  extent,  between  .'i,SS;5  cattle,  :.'.()  14  calves,  4.074  pigs,  and  2. 4 ".'9  sheep. 
ilie    .Mission    and    Silver    Falls,    about    ei.;hti'eii    miles     The  vast   praii'ies   of  Hed  lliver  and  the  Assintdioine, 

III    this     latter  i  clothed  with  a  rich  profusion  of  moist  nutritions  grasses, 


tioin    the    mouth    of    the    river. 


!  m' 


Ill  ( 'atliO- 
nitf.-.tiints. 
iise'(i|inliiiii. 

It's    1,1111(1 

iiimI  tlie 

■iiitiicc,  on 

iidviiiici'd 

lii't'  ciiniT 

ii;;lit  cliiiiu 

•ttli'MII'lltS, 
■>  lit    tlio 

1 111^  111'  the 
Itivcr, 

111  fi]\C  to 

|iriiiri]ial 
ly,  b.-irlry, 
ati-st  liixii- 
aiul  attain 
vc;;otalil<'s, 
led,  it'  not 
lirii'  soil  of 
^ngar  aw. 
u  iiiai'ki't, 
toL-k  of  the 
,7-0  oxen, 
■l-2'J  slicep. 
ssint'hoiiie, 
HIS  gruHsea, 


till,  llAKii.N   UK  WDi.AN. 


mi  !!■ 


PftOM  THR  ATLANTIC  TO  THR  PACIFIC. 


odir   iiiiriviillcd    iiilvaiil(i;,'c's    I'nr   rtMiint,'   stdck.      Hia 
tliiTi'  is  IK)  niiirkit  tni-  wih,|,  |i,Tl'-tiilli)\v,  ur  liidr.s. 

'I'lio  fiitiii'f  (il  lii'il  Ivivcr  ciiliiiiy  li'|ieiiils  ii|ii)ii  a 
roKtiliir  coniu'ctiipii  liciii;»  rstilili.shrd  with  (Juimda  ; 
niid  wf  oiiiiiiot  Imt,  ilitnduri',  Imik  witli  the  clccpcst 
iiiteri'st  lit  tlii>  [iio^^ri'ss  i,(  exiMMliliniis  siicli  its 
('ii|itiiiii    I'lilliHi'i's,    ,'iiid     siicli    iiH   we   liave    Iji'l'mc!  (im, 

niiiiiiii'd    l)y  |)i'i-soii.s  (■ prli'iit  til  •'.' iiiiiiiie  and  arrisr 

at  satlNtiii'tDry  ciiiiiiiisiipiis  as  to  linw  that  di'siialilf 
olijcct  is  ti)  lie  attiiiliccl. 

'riiLTf  arc  twii  sn  (idli'd  nniis  to  l!cd  Hivcr,  tliu 
C'aiiailiaii  'iiivcniiiit'iit  liavini;  aiitliHiiscd  tiic  ninvcy- 
anoi>  of  mails  to  ami  frniii  tliat  M'tllciiiciit,  liil  \<'iin 
William,  licsidi's  tilt;  mail  tVoin  llic  I'liitrd  Statux  tcr 
litdfv  liy  I'c'iiiMna,  dt'scrilii'd  as  "a  town  and  purt," 
willi  "  voters  tor  tlif  State  of  Minnesota,"  and  "a  ^nr- 
risoM  of  United  States  dra^joons  ;"  liiit  in  rea'ity  a  small 
villai,'e,  oonlaiiiinj;  aliout  a  dozen  scattered  loir  lioiises. 
Tin;  cx|iedilion,  (pm  one  occasion,  met  "  tlu;  mail"  near 
Pine  liiver.  It  was  liorne  on  the  Ijaek  of  a  lialf  lirceil, 
who  was  accom|ianied  liy  a  hoy  til'teeii  or  sixteen  years 

old,  ciirrviiij,'  the   lilaiikcls  and  < kin^'  nti'nsils.      'I'he 

mail  hearer  was  very  ill,  and  hail  not  eit'ii  to, id  for 
two  days,  having  heen  loMj^er  on  his  journev  than  he 
expccleil.  lie  had  no  means  of  kl'Ii  x  the  prairie 
hens  which  were  so  alaindaiit  on  the  trail,  and  which 
mii,'lit  have  provided  him  with  food.  He  oarricd  the 
mail  ill  a  larite  leather  hag,  hy  means  '"a  .-trap  passin;{ 
round  his  hcid  ;  he  was  poorly  i  lotheij,  wet,  and 
miHiahle,  and  had  hen  tiflecn  day  coming;  Iroiii  Crow's 
Wiii^.  'I'hey  •invt!  liiin  .some  bulliilo meat  and  pcninii- 
lan,  on  the  strength  of  which  lie  lioped  to  reacli  I'eni- 
hina  in  two  days.  ' 

On  the  eiisniiiL;  year  (1S.-).S),  rriifes.sor  lliiid  con- 
ducted another  explmatoiy  expeditinn,  from  I'mt 
(iarry,  ri'i/ the  .VsNinelioim;  and  .Slonse  |{i\ei.s,  to  the 
hoiindary  line,  thence  to  the  Qui  Appelle  Vallev, 
the  South  Saskatchewan,  the  main  Saskatchewan, 
and  the  hasin  of  l,ake  Winipeg.  I'iiptaiii  ralliser 
lielieves  that  the  hest  way  of  coinnmnication  with 
the  Iveil  Iiiver  Settlement  is,  hy  the  lied  Hivcr 
Valley,  and  through  the  States  I'rotessir  lliicl,  on 
the  contriii'J'.  argues  strongly  that  the  .Vrrow  Lake, 
Pigeon,  and  Kaniiiiistiipioiah  lines  would  he  prefer- 
alile  to  an  alternative  which  may  in\iilve  a  thousand 
coiii]iroinises.  U[iou  thi.s  point  Professor  Hind  re- 
marks : — 

'■Captain  Palli.ser  h.is  not  had  the  opportunity  of 
examining  and  rcjiorting  on  the  Fort  William  and 
Arrow  Lake  route  from  Lake  Superior  to  Ited  Itiver. 
As  an  emigrant  route,  the  outlay  of  a  few  thoii.sand 
]iounils  can  make  it  availahle  tor  summer  comniiiiiica 
tion.  All  emigrant  could  then  start  from  Liverpool 
and  proceed  to  tjuehec  liy  stiMin  (eleven  days),  tmm 
Queliee  to  (.'ollingwood,  Lake  Huron,  hy  rail  (two 
(lays),  from  Collingwood  to  Fort  William,  hy  .steiiiiier 
(three  days),  and  from  Fort  William  to  Fort  Ciarry 
vid  ,\rrow  Lake  and  tlu;  IJouiidary  line  (six  days),  or 
twenty-two  days  in  all  from  Liverpool  to  Selkirk 
Settlement.  The  route  through  the  ITiiited  States, 
rut  St.  Pftu',  cannot  oH'er  greater  advantages  as  a 
summer  emigrant  route  than  those  presented  hy  the 
chain  of  lakes  along  the  hoiindary  line  to  the  north- 
west corner  of  the  I  ake  of  the  Woods.  Cattle  and 
live  stock  gener.dlv  will  necessarily  ]pa,ss  to  and  from  ' 
the  United  States  iver  the  jirairiis  of  Red  River,  I 
where  food  is  ahundi.lit,  and  can  he  olitained  without 
cost,  but  tliere  i.s  no  reason  why  liea\y  goods  shouKl  j 


not  in   proeess  of  time   he  shipped  at    I  iverpooi   and 

I"; d    direct    to    Fort  William,   (ii     Lake    Superior, 

wilhoiit  transhipment,  jpiissing  ihrongh  the  nmgnitiieiit 
chain  of  Canadian  canals,  and  thence  to  Red  River, 
thioiigli  Rrilish  territoi)  r„i  Ariow  Lake,  Rainy 
Hivi  1.  and  the  iiorth-wost  corner  of  the  J-uko  of  the 
WooiLs." 


VI,  — ADVKNTURKS  IN  TllK   ROCKY   MOUN- 
TAINS OF  THE  BARON   DK  WOCJAN. 

Towards  the  clostp  of  the  year  ]M<\  the  hihvivt 
.steam-hoat  of  the  American  Piicitic  Na\  igation  Com- 
pany l.indeil  on  the  ipiay  of  St.  Fia:ici:ci>n  |iarty  of 
thirty  pa.ssengi'rs,  whom  she  had  hronj  ht  from  Paiinnia. 
Among  these  travcllcr.s,  whom  a  desire  for  adventure 
or  the  gold-fever  had  led  to  Califoinia,  were  four 
Fi-eiahmeii,  driven  far  from  tlieii'  native  land  hy  the 
storm  of  poliiical  con\  nlsions.  Starting  from  diirereiit 
points  of  their  native  soil,  and  trom  dill'cient  social 
jpipsitions  and  political  parties,  they  weie  hound  to  each 
other  hy  a  contract  uiiiler  one  of  those  indnslrial  asso 
ciatioiis  that  have  sprung  fn.m  the  t  liiilhlion  ol  society 
in  Kuiope  on  the  one  part,  and  on  the  other  from  the 
exaggerated  repulatinii  ol  the  Cilifelliian  gold  niiiiis. 
It  Would  seem  as  it  one  thing  only  had  liceii  wanting, 
the  disi.'o\ery  of  some  new  maeliim  ly,  the  ap]ilicatiiin 
of  which  to  gold  ciiishing  iniist  )iiipdnce  enormous 
results  of  Wealth;  and  of  such  niai  liiiies.  there  was 
.scarcely  a  newspaper  that  hud  not  two  or  three  iin- 
nimnced  in  large  type,  with  jilans.  plate.s,  and  designs. 

Of  these  four  ii.sMiciated  Frenchmen,  the  author  of 
the  following  pages  is  one  ;  tiny  contain,  of  course, 
hut  an  ahlpreviateil  narrative,  wl.iih  niay  he  hcrcaUer 
enlarged,  if  '..piind  agri'cahle  to     .e  |,uhlii-  taste. 

At  the  epoch  when  oui  stoiv  ci  I'lineiiies,  S.ni 
Francisco  was  not  yet  the  ]irond  city  that  now  vindi- 
cates to  herself  the  title  of  t  he  '•  Qm  (  n  of  the  Pacitie." 
Her  ]iopulation,  now  he\oiiil  ItKi.lKiO,  was  thin  not  a 
ipiarter  of  the  amount. 

Her  rapid  and  incesi-ant  dcvilnpment  is  entirely 
due  to  the  rare  energy  of  her  |io)  iilal  ion.  who  possesM  d 
every  good  ipiality,  in  conjiinclioii  with  nuineions 
defects.  Nothing  could  keep  her  hack  ;  not  tin- 
government  excesses  ;  not  the  scandalous  irregularities 
in  adininisti.ilinn  ,  nor  the  frightful  diMisters  of  ini- 
meii.se  tires;  nor  nioiietary  shocks;  alarms,  iir  even 
panics.  San  Francisco  has  tiinni|lied  over  all  these  ; 
and  hiT  interiial  weallli  lias  reached  a  ]irogressive 
height,  that  holds  forth  every  Jiioiiii.^e  for  the  future. 
I'iverything  seems  to  feel  the  hap)iy  impulse  of  her 
position  ;  whatever  is  jiliinted  there  takes  root,  and 
thrives.  ( liie  (■iiiii]irclienils  at  a  glance  that  the  pre- 
cious metals,  agricullure,  cummerce,  and  trade,  must, 
hy  their  eoiicurient  influein.es,  create  the  greatness  of 
California. 

All  the  eoiiditioiis  of  modern  civilisation  are  com- 
hiiied  on  this  sjpot.  (ias  and  water  jpernieate  every 
street  ;  the  omnihus  is  seen  every%yliei'e  going  its 
round;  the  cao  and  the  carriages  rattle  in  every 
quarter.  Freemasons,  henefit  societies,  t'a\ings' hanks, 
assemhlies,  book-cluhs.  va.-t  dockyards,  and  foundries, 
and  .sanctuaries,  a  telegiaph,  new s]pa| pel's,  theatre.",  and 
markets  ahounding  with  vegetahies,  game,  and  magnifi- 
cent fruit,  all  are  there  collected. 

An  emigratiou  |«mrs  in  from  all  side.i,  and  installs 
itself  in  this  country,  of  late  .so  desert  and  desolate,  as 


;    Sill 


ii  t      ' 


;  I 


ii 


396 


ALL  ROUND  TIIR  WORLD. 


if  ill  II  |i(-rin:ini'nt  <ltt'clliiiL;|il:ii'i'.      I(  li;is  innv  lii'i'oiiu^ 
II  riMiiitiv. 

'•Ill  1S.")0  till'  tiiMiMlliiiius  I'll'iTvi'sci'iici^  lit'  ilisciir- 
(laiit  cli'iiiciils,  iiiw  ly  i-oiiii'  tni^i'llicr  rrniii  nil  |i:n-ts  iif 
till'  1,'l.ilu-,  lii;iili'  S.iii  FiMiirisco  IT'-rliilili!  Illlli-ll  nillirr 
11  I'.nililrnu  ill  cliiillili'iii  lliaii  tin"  irailli"  nt"  :i  ijri'iit 
st:iii'  ;  su,  ill. It  Ml'lrr  A  slay  dl'a  Ii  u  liMiir.-..  wr  liaslciu'il 
t'l  i|;iit  lliis  llicali-i>  of  lilufiily  iMlloi.ni  ami  ilcii  I't'  tlu' 
« .irst  passions,  liy  ciiiliarkiiii,'  mi  iMinl  a  sicaiii  lioat, 
"  liii-li  kc|il  II |)  an  iiili'i'diiirsi'  Im'Iwciii  tln'  i-ily  ami  tin." 
Mi.M  ilistri.-ls. 

"CiMssiiii;  I  111'  liailiiiiirnrSaii  {'"iMiii'isi'.i.ainl  |iloiii;liiii'» 
iHirway  llirniii;li  llir  crowds  nf  sliijis  lu'ai-in;,'  llii'  IIiljs 
ol'  all  iiati'Piis.  «!•  IT  ulu'il  till'  luoiilli  of  till'  Sai'i'aiiii'ulo, 
airl  I'lili'i'i'il,  to  work  oiir  way  ii|i  its  stream. 

"Tin'  laiiilsi  a|M'oii  its  liaiiks  clis|ilay('il  its  most  si  nil  iiii^ 
;is|ii'i't  ;  ^I'l'i'ii  iiu'ailows  I'.Mi'iiili  il  tin  iiisi'lvcs  on  cacli 
siilo,  leailiiii,'  ii|i  to  liciiitil'iil  woods,  |ii'o|ilt'd  willi 
llllllli'l'olis  lli'l'dsol'  dri'l-  ;  lllrll  loll<iw  s  a  ('ll.lill  of  llills, 
l'i|i|ird  wil  li  clusli'iM  of  o.ik,  liri^litriiim,'  tlio  |ii'rs|ii'i'- 
liii'  ;  wliili'  ill  llic  liiiii/oii  a  rliaiii  of  high  moiiiii.aiiis 
siTvc  as  a  iV.iiin'  for  ilio  |ii.'l  iir,'. 

"  W'l'  sadi'd  .lion;,',  followiii;,'  this  delicious  |iaiioraiiia 
with  our  ryrs  U'V  S'liiii'  li.iur-~,  iiulil  wr  saw  al  tin'  dis- 
taiu'i'  of  alioul,  a  liiih'  licfoi-i'  iis  an  l',ii:;lisli  tr.idiui;  hrii,'. 
a|i|):ir('iitly  .It  aiii'lior.  We  ii.iiird  Inr  to  have  us  oii 
lior  w.iy  ;  Init  In-r  caplaiii  ri'plird,  tli|-oUi;li  his  .s|ii'ikiuij 
tniiii|i.  I,  ill  l'lii'4li--li,  '  1  am  ;ii,'ioiiiid,  in  tlio  iiiidilK' of 
t  111'  pass  il;i'  ;'  tin'  otlna-  part  of  llio  rivrr  lii-iui,'  oli- 
-'.I'lii'tid  liy  .1  sr.iiiid  li.iik.  Tills  w.is  no  allair  of  our 
^'.ltlk^'•  iMpl.iiii  s,  wli.'s,'  liu~iiii'ss  il  w.as  to  pass  up 
-  nin'li.i.v,  1  Mui  oviT  tlio  iiuliuky  Miii,'lisliiiiaii,  if  it 
I-., lid  hot,  lie  d.'lii' "I  liiTW  isi'  ;  in  fad,  s.ari-cly  li.nl  In' 
l'Im  II  II-  a  wink  of  iiitrlliijonci',  than  ho  ordn-rd  lior 
.  'lii  f  I  m^iini'i'  to  ^'I't  lip  .ill  -team,  li.iokrd  llio  vcs^rl, 
and  linn  k'TpiiiL;  on  full  power,  drove  the  lio.il  full 
-peel  hi'tweeii  the  liark  and  i  he  liri;;.  'I'lie  slnn-k  w.is 
t  'rrdile.  hut  the  ^■allkel'  male  his  pas- i;,'e.  einvuiL,' 
'Mill  him  the  st  irijo  ird  Imlw.irks  ot'  the  p,i..r  l'!iu;li-li 
i.l■i,^^ 

"  As  for  us,  we  knoeked  away  our  lail'oird  pa  Idle- 
li'ix,  and  some  of  our  lU'ew  jo-t  their  hdame  and  rolle.l 
p''ll-mell  ainoiiL;  the  p  ieka:,'es  ..I' all  kinds,  with  wliieli 
"Ur  deek   W.IS  eo\  eri'  I.  i 

■•  We  ai  I'iM'd  w  il  ho  It  fi'ither  aeeideni  at  S.ieiMiin'nlo,   . 
'■iir  lirst  aliiilim;  pi  lee   in   •'alifornia.       li  is  the  .si-eond 
eitv  of  this  rei;i.iii,  ami  owe-  its  ori;^in,   like    l''r.ineiseo, 
lo  till' ijold  mines.      li  -i.imls  on  the    lefi   li.mk    of  the 
river,  wliose  ll.iuie  it  heirs. 

'•  .\s  soon  as  we  had  di-eiuh. irked,  we  soie^hl  out  a 
lior.s.' and  oai  t,  to  tr.iiisp.iit  lis  and  our  elfeets  to  ihe 
/'.'./<•)•*  (i;old.sei'kiii:;s)  of  tlir' ( !ra.s.s  \'allev,  where  «,■ 
h 'd  an  intention  of  111  ikiiii,'  an  experiment  with  ihe 
111  lehine  wi'  ii.nl  lii'oiii,'lil  with  iis  from  Frame. 

■■  A  year  aflerwirds  we  w  er.'  followim,',  w  it  li  our  n  lies 
ntl  olir  shoulders,  a  eail  eoiiv  I'viiii;  w  h.it  was  lo  make 
the  fortune  of  our  a-soei.at  ion,  and  draw  n  u  it  h  diltieiill  v 

ly  till'  united   l.il r  of  four  mules.      .\i    liie  end   of 

the  day  we  imnle  ,i  hill,  at  a  eleariiiij  liy  tin'  wayside, 
to  piss  the  ni^lil,  and  in\i  iiioriiiiii,',  with  the  tirst  ray 
ol  siiiili:;lil,  we  re.'..iiiiueineil  our  jouriiev.  'i'lie  e.iunlrv 
tliroiiifh  whi.li  we  lr.i\elled  was  inh.iluled,  Inil  it  was 
only  larely  thai  al  the  side  of  s,uiie  stream  weoeea- 
sionally  eaiue  iipiui  a  s.ilitary  dwc  lliiii,'.  Sometimes  we 
ei'iie  upon  portions  of  the  j^'ronnil  thai  must  liave 
hi '11.  in  earlier  day-,  ofore.it  lieanty,  .More  remains 
fitill  testilicd  where  Ihe  pioiu  liaiid  of  the  missionary 
had  lalMiiireii,  where,  in  the   lime   of  their  power,  they  I 


had  endeavoured  to  briiii»  their  missions  closer  tofjetlior, 
l>y  makini;  tlio  cnmiiiiinicitioii  lietwcj'ii  tliciii  easier. 
The  connlry  liecamc  iiiori'  and  nniri'  strep  as  we  nd- 
vaiiccd  further  into  it,  aiid  our  liiarcli  prnportioimtfiv 
slower, 

"  We  geiienilly  ninli'  a  lialt  from  eleven  to  inio,  to  let 
(lie  lieat  of  the  day  pa.ss  anil  rest  our  iiinles,  niid  our 
jiivati'st  care  in  the  oveniiii;  was  the  choice  of  tlic 
]ilace  for  cainpiiii;.  and  the  order  of  our  inarch  hv  day, 
the  connlry  heiiiix  inl'esled  liy  hands  of  vajjalioiiii.s, 
'  searcliers  alter  hidden  oold,  hut  who,  instead  ol  iniiuirinj; 
for  it  with  11  spado  in  the  lio.soin  of  the  eartli.  loiiiul  a 
more  coineiiicnt  and  less  faliyiiiiii;  iiielhod  of  procuring 
the  precious  metals  in  rohhini;  travellers. 

"  .\  I  last  we  arrived  at  IIouf;li  and  lieady,  a  village  in 
the  v.dlcy,  whence  rose  the  Nevada  I'ity.  Ilcre  vvc  Iiiid, 
lor  the  lirst  time,  under  our  eyes  the  iis|iect  of  a 
/,'ii,;r  K't'  miners.  (•''"'  p-  ■^^7.)  At  the  liottoiii  of  a 
ravine,  that  looked  as  if  it  had  1  ecu  turned  over  liy  » 
liiirrie.ine,  a  L;reat  ipiaiitity  of  trees  liiid  liceii  torn 
from  ,  he  s,ii|  ;  in  the  midst  of  deep  cxciivatioiis  iniylit 
he  seen  iiiiin  rs  lendiiig  over  their  |iicks  VNithwliicli 
they  drew  loiih  lumps  of  auriferous  eartii,  wliiili  they 
i-arried  aw.iy  to  w.a-h  nl  ahoiit  a  mile  distant  ;  wliile, 
still  farther  oil',  some  one,  more  lucky  lliiiii  tlie  rest, 
slaiiding  in  liie  walir  up  to  his  loins,  was  wasjiiiig  tliin 

earlh  in  a  ll.ii   i -pan,  iiinl  extractiiii;  gold  frini  it. 

"till  eiilnr  s'leoftlie  ravine  stood,  in  long  array, 
the  iiiiners'  du  illing  houses,  consisting  of  tents  of 
every  sh.ipe,  and  lints  of  cedar  )ilaliks.  I'.av  iiig  satis- 
lied  oiiisehes  with  the  coiitcmjilalioii  of  the  s|  eelacli', 
we  continued  on  our  route  lor  tira.ss  A'alley,  win  re  \\<i 
arrived  the  iie.\l  day  alter.  This  plaia',  thougli  ii.oic 
eonsideralile  and  important,  )ircsented  in  almost  eveiv 
respeet   the  .same  appearance  as  Hougii  and  Jteady. 

"Seaiieiy  had  we  arriviil,  when  iistriiini  of  the 
eiirioiis  i-siied  from  the  siirroiiiiding  tents  mid  liiit.s, 
and  watched  with  siirpri.se  liie  lianliiig  out  of  our 
preii.ais  machiiie.  We  raised  our  tent  under  u  Inend 
shade  of  trees  imlicaled  to  us  li\  a  pal  ly  ot  Sw  is.s, 
with  wlnuii  we  vi-ilcd  the  |ilaces  in  all  its  extent 
heloi-e  retiring  to  that  rest  of  wiiidi  we  liad  so  nincli 
need.  Towards  midnight  we  were  all  iiiTniscd  hy  a 
tempest.  Thetliniider  growled  sharp  and  i|nick,  its 
loud  voice  striking  against  and  lieiiig  repeiitod  hy  tlu> 
ei  hoes  of  the  iliiee  nioniitaiiis  that  liiiiig  over  tlie 
plai-e,  and  seemed  the  more  Icrriliic  ;  yet,  llianks  to 
the  iiewne-s  ol'  its  cords,  oiir  tent  stood  hraveh'  il[> 
ai:aiiisl  the  shock  of  the  wind,  Imt  not  against  tlio 
r.iiii,  whieii,  living  hefore  the  hl.ast,  lilteied  tiirougli  it 
in  he.ivy  drops,  and  a  sleet  wliicli  (|uickly  found  its 
w.iy  through  our  eo\  erines  and  garments,  ami  wetteil 
11-  to  the  skill.  .\t  last  caiiie  the  day,  and  we  lighleil 
an  immense  lire  w  iili  the  dry  hr.inches  that  the  Icinpest 
had  lirokeii  down,  and  .so  warmed  our  fro/.eii  limh.s. 
liiit  this  w,is  not  all  that  we  liad  to  do;  we  iiad  now 
lo  nniiint  our  machine  and  set  it  VMU'kiiig.  'I'o  this 
end  we  chose  out  u  dniiii^  {Sir  p  Ml),  wliere  wo 
made  our  liist  experinienls.  These  were  not  at  all 
satisfactory.  At  last,  iiaiipeiiing  to  lean  over  the  re- 
cipient in  which  the  nierciiry  was  jilaied,  1  was  iihle 
to  make  out  that  the  gold  passed  over  it  without 
amalgainaling  ;  we  were  struck  with  eoiisternation  at 
this  discovery,  and  thoiii^dit,  with  one  coiiniion  accord, 
tli.it  our  mercury,  wiiieli  we  had  lent  oliligingly  to  the 


'  .\  c7.i<m  is  11  pii'ic  "r^,'ri>iiiiil  lo  Ilie  extent  of  tell  feet  i)i|iinro, 
iiml  III  this  evi'i  V  niiniT  in  ii  placer  liiis  u  right. 


I)l«l't1ll 


IS  \vi>  nil- 
•tiniiiiti'ly 

)lio,  to  let 
(,  niid  iiiir 
ct'  (if  th.' 
li  bv  .liiv, 


iiii|\iii'iii<; 
I.  tiiiind  a 
|iroc>iriiig 


Vlliilgf  III 

1'  VI'  luul, 
[net  of  ft 
ttciii  of  a 
iivt  1  liy  a 
ln'cii  torn 
oils  iiiii^lil 
lilli  wliiili 
iliicli  llit'y 
lit  ;  wliilf, 
10  rest, 
:i,'-liiiij;  this 
I  frciii  it. 
oiig  jiiniy, 
f  tents  of 
iivitij;  siitis- 


tl 


CI'IIICU', 


^1' 


III)      ot     tllC 

■i  iiliil  Inits, 

Pill    (if  (iiir 

Icr  ;i  lii(  lid 

1.1  S\\i.vs, 

ts    cMclit 

I  S(l  liiiicll 

iscd    liy    11 

(|iii(  k,  its 

L'd  liy  till' 

(ivcr    the 

lliiiiiks  to 

lively   (i|i 

ailist  the 

lir(iliL:ii  it 

fiiiiiid  its 

|ii(l  vetted 

(.  li;;lited 

I'  teiii|iesl 

:eli  lillilis. 

liiid  now 


'I'o  this 
here  wo 
it  lit  111] 
r  the  re- 


itlii 


lilt 


Iniitioii  lit 
In  aei'ot'd, 
liy  to  the 


Ct  8(lllRr(', 


\   •■(  I.AIM"   l\  lAl.ll  I'UMA. 


394 


ALL  ROUND  THE  W0RL6. 


captain  of  tlio  Isthmus,  to  replace  some  that  lio  had 
lost  hiiiisclt'  on  tho  coast  of  Jlcxico,  hail  ))cconi('  ilr- 
torioratc(l.  So  we  1)(j,mii  a;iain  with  pcisiviiaricc,  lint 
each  time  wo  passed  the  inerenrv  on  the  chamois  skin, 
there  was  not  a  single  hit  of  guld  sticking  to  it,  where- 
npon  we  came  generally  to  the  (unclusion  that  oin- 
machine  of  itself  was  one  \itterly  unfitted  to  gold 
waaliing.  We  i'elt  very  much  out  of  heart  ;  my  three 
companions  proposed  nt  once  to  cjissolvc  tho  society, 
sharing  the  materials  and  what  t'linds  we  had  leit.  1 
acce]ited  the  oiler,  happy  in  thcpi>«ci  of  living  alone 
in  the  enjoyment  of  such  a  life  of  adventure,  ami  feeling 
in  that  loneliness  that  I  had  attained  the  liberty  to 
which  I  aspired.  TIkpsc  gentlemen  went  olf  to  San 
Francisco;  I  myself  remained  in  (irass  Valley  long 
enough  to  collect  together  some  gold-dust,  and  so 
procure  the  means  of  freely  making  the  various  excur- 
sions that  1  liad  jjrojected." 

YII.  -THE  MINP:R  and  THE  HUNTER. 

"  I  NOW  looked  out  for  what  was  necessary  foi'  a  man 
to  hegin  work  with;  next  I  houglit  of  an  Amei'ican, 
who  wa.s  gning  hack  to  New  York,  his  hut  and  a  set 
of  miner's  tools.  The  claim  I  picked  t)Ut  at  the  top  of 
the  valley,  where  I  could  lie  alone  with  my  thoughts. 
What,  though  my  hut  was  neither  ^pacicaia  nor  elegant ! 
it  was  not  tho  less  convenient.  It  stood  u])on  the 
hanks  of  a  stream,  with  grass  and  flowers  before  it,  and 
ut  its  back  a  iiine-trce  of  not  less  than  twenty  feet  in 
iliametir  at  its  ba.se;  my  villa,  less  andiitinus,  only 
measured  eight  feet  sipiare,  and  was  tiirnied  of  pine 
l^lanks  nailed  to  pine  jioh's,  and  lifted  on  the  top  of 
each  other  in  a  inannei  that  insuri'd  a  free  eirculatien 
of  air.  In  the  middle  was  a  small  iron  pet  or  tii]iiid 
that  helil  the  fire,  and  a  still  smaller  cauldron  inserted 
in  this  constit\ited  the  whole  of  my  kitchen  ;  liere  1 
made  my  soup,  boiled  my  fowls,  fried  my  eggs,  and 
roasted  my  mnttcm,  that  is  to  say,  whenever  I  could 
get  them.  At  the  farther  end  of  tho  cabin  was  my  ; 
cani])-bed,  made  of  fo\ir  short  sticks  driven  into  the  i 
ground,  with  cross-jiieces  at  the  si<les  to  join  them,  and  [ 
some  sacking  nailed  over  them  ;  as  for  beil  I  made  that 
out  of  a  .s.'ick  of  shavings  nml  oak  leaves.  Over  my 
jiillow,  like  a  )irotecting  a'gis,  was  Innig  the  )Mirtrait  , 
of  one  1  dearly  loved — my  good  rifle  and  revolver 
depending  on  each  side  of  it. 

"  ]>ehind  thi'hut  I  h.ive  scratched  out  a  garden,  which 
I  sinTiiunded  with  a  hedge  of  bushes,  and  planted  with  i 
such  fhiwei's  and  vi'getables  of  our  dear  France  as  I 
woidd  grow  there  freely.  I'y  the  side  of  the  g.trden  ■ 
was  ,1  little  oven,  .about  a  foot  and-a  half  high,  of  earth,  i 
where  I  baked  my  bread,  ai'd  delieious  I  found  it,  ', 

'•  The  miner,  of  whom  I  liad  bought  my  cabin,  had 
left  me  some  )ircivisions,  including  about  fc:*y  iiounds 
of  fine  (lour.  These  remnants  of  stock  were  of  immense 
value  to  me. 

"About  a  mile  from  mv  ilwelling  I  discovered  a  small 
jiarty  of  four  miners.  Canadi.iiis  of  I'Vench  origin  ;  with 
tliem  I  soon  became  (Ui  friendly  terms.  Although  of 
infei'ior  education  tln'V  were  le.HKairabli!  young  feiluws. 
1  had  always  ri'ason  ti>  be  proud  of  my  eonneetioii  with 
tlii^m,  and  rejoice  in  the  end  I  was  the  means  of  their 
aeipiiring  a  gooil  forluni^.  1  have  already  spoken  of 
what  my  IhmI  was  made  of.  One  ilay,  on  a  fine  after- 
noon, 1  went  u]i  the  side  of  a  hill  willi  my  sack  and 
rifle  on  my  shoulder  ;  here  I  came  upon  a  hollow  that 
was  filled  with  driad  leaves,   into  which  1  jumped  up 


I  to  my  waist,  and  set  to  work,  hands  and  feet,  filling 
I  my  .sack.  After  killing  some  small  birds  on  the  moun- 
tain I  w<'nt  home  to  my  i>cst.  and  as  it  was  night  when 
!  I  got  there,  I  took  only  a  light  supjier  and  went  to 
bed.  F.iligue  soon  brought  on  sh'cp.  About  three 
',  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  my  slumbers  grew  lighter 
1  felt  there  was  something  (juickly  moving  uj)  and 
down  in  my  sack,  and  in  a  manner  that  was  by  no 
means  assuring.  Thinking  it  might  be  a  rat,  J  carried 
my  hand  down  along  the  siick,  and  shuddered  with 
horror  as  1  felt  the  shape  of  a  snake,  which  turned  its 
head  briskly  in  the  direction  of  my  hand.  One  bound 
and  I  was  outside  the  hut  running  towards  my  friends 
the  Cnnadi,iiis,  to  whom  I  relatdi  my  adventure,  and 
begged  them  to  come  back  with  me  to  the  Jiut.  lie- 
entering  with  them,  I  em]itie('  the  contents  of  my  sack, 
and  saw  escaiie  from  it  a  fine  full-grown  ratth'snake, 
which  glid;.l  off  to  conceal  itself  under  the  trunk  of  a 
fallen  tree  near  my  garden.  Unaccustomed  ;,o  such 
visitors,  I  was  at  first  desirous  of  ajiproachiiig  it  more 
closely  for  the  jiuiiioso  of  a  nearer  insiiection,  but  the 
ungrateful  monster  that  I  had  warmed  in  my  bo.«om 
rushed  upon  the  bayonet  that  I  presented  towards  him, 
and  beg.in  to  bite  at  the  barrel  of  my  riHe.  Fearing 
that  he  might  take  a  fancy  to  bite  me,  I  put  my  finger 
on  the  trigger  and  liti  rally  cut  liiin  in  two.  A\'e  made 
ouf;  his  lengtii  to  be  four  feet  two  inches,  and  I  cut  out 
of  his  tail  a  dozen  scales,  of  a  ball-shaiie,  which  gave  a 
harsh  sound  when  they  weri!  )iut  in  motion;  this  is 
what  is  vulgarly  (ailed  the  rattle  of  the  snake. 

"It  Would  sei'ui  that,  without  kiowing  it,  Iliad 
taken  this  snake  out  of  Jiis  hole  wheic  lie  lay  coiled 
u))  and  fio/.en,  and  brought  him  home  in  my  .sack 
with  the  oak  leaves. 

"There  is  also  another  enemy  to  be  ft  ared  in  this 
country;  he  tloes  not  rec|uir(^  to  be  introduced  into 
youi  house,  for  he  knows  very  well  how  to  get  there 
without  iii\italion,  whenever  yiju  forget  to  shut  tho 
door.  One  Suiid.iy  evening,  while  I  was  at  work  in 
my  garden,  for  1  ( cuild  only  attend  to  it  cue  day  in  the 
week,  I  saw  the  shadow  of  a  beast  that  looked  like  the 
wolf  of  Euro]ie,  just  bounding  out  of  my  house  on  his 
way  to  the  forest.  Seizing  the  rifle  by  my  side,  I  fired 
at  the  animal,  who,  feeling  himself  tickled  by  the  lead, 
dropped  a  wild  turkey  that  I  had  killed  the  jirevious 
evening.  This  was  a  cayotte  (Caiil^  latrann),  an  animal 
very  common  in  these  countries,  and  which  liannts  tho 
neighbouiliood  of  the  place  rs  for  the  sake  of  the  .scraps 
the  miners  throw  away. 

"  Having  often  hi,ird  sjieak  of  a  niar.'^h  about  six  miles 
from  Nevada  lity,  where  game  was  very  abundant,  I 
was  tempted  to  ]iay  it  a  visit,  and  taking  with  me  a 
mule  that  I  had  bought  in  the  expectation  of  certain 
long  journeys  th.at  1  had  proposed,  thinking  this  a 
good  ojilioitunity  of  testing  her  qualities  or  detect.s. 

"  My  bearskin  folded  in  four  made  me  a  comfortable 
saddle,  that  I  fixed  on  (he  back  of  the  quadruped  with 
the  tent-rope  that  my  jiartners  had  left  behind  them  in 
the  Gap  A'alley  on  their  de|iarture.  1  managed  to 
cook  up  a  bridle  and  stirrups  by  the  same  means.  Such 
was  the  equipage  with  which  I  took  the  road  to  tho 
marsh.  I  certainly  should  not  have  reached  before  day- 
light, but  for  an  aceiden(al  meeting  with  a  miner  who 
was  obliging  eniaigh  to  put  mo  on  the  road. 

"  About  a  hundred  jiaces  fiimi  the  bank  might  be 
seen  a  bush  of  wild  roses,  under  which  I  went  .and  laiti 
in  .•inibush.  At  every  instant  the  wild  ducks  and  teal 
touched  my    face  with  the  {Kiints  of  their   wings.     I 


cet,  filling 
the  numn- 
light  wlitu 
(1  went  to 
joiit  three 
("w  ligliter 
ig  uj)  and 
was  by  no 
,  I  carried 
k'lcd  with 
turned  its 
Dne  bound 
my  friends 
nture,  and 
liut.  Ite- 
)f  my  sack, 
iittii'sii.ikc, 
trunk  (if  a 
>d  lo  such 
ng  it  more 
on,  but  the 

my  biisdui 

wards  him, 

Fearing 

t  my  finger 

\Ve  nuule 
d  I  eut  out 
liith  gavt!  a 
uM  ;  this  is 
ke. 

a  it,  I  had 
u  lay  coiled 
a  my    sack 

[tred  in  this 

hieed  into 

j;,'t  there 

shut  the 

work  in 

lav  in  the 

dliketlio 

jiise  on  his 

ie,  I  fired 

the  lead, 

|)rcvi(nis 

an  animal 

lunts  the 

the  scrajis 

it  six  miles 
bundant.  1 

itli  me  a 
of  certain 
ling  this  a 
leteets. 
omfortablo 
i-uped  with 
id  them  in 
lanaged  to 

ans.  Sueh 
)ad  to  the 
I  icfore  day- 
miner  who 

might  be 
it  and  laid 
[S  and  teal 
wings.     1 


ttiOU  THE  ATLANTIC  TO  THB  PACIFia  ^^ 

even  knocked  down  many  of  them  with  the  barrel  of '  the  shape  of  a  portemonnaie,  full  of  gold-dust,  for  his 
my  rifle;  but  it  was  notagainst  the  feathered  race  that  I  '  small  exiK'nses. 

laid  declared  war.  I  saw  something  better  than  that,  j  "  I  jiassed  a  jilcasant  evening  at  this  tavern  with  iny 
From  time  to  time  I  was  oliliged  to  make  my  mule  |  friend  from  Nantes  ;  there  were  guests  from  all  jiarts 
ehaiige  its  jdaec,  for  the  botti>ui  was  not  by  any  means  '  of  tlie  weald,  and  stories  of  every  dcscriiitiun. 
firm,  and  there  was  a  risk  of  my  seeing  it  swallowed  u|)  j  "  It  was  hard  to  leave  such  coiiijiany,  and  the  reader 
if  I  ilid  not  take  this  precaution.  I  wius  in  this  will  not  be  siir]irised  if  it  were  not  but  a  very  little 
position  about  three  iiours,  when  my  attention  was  j  time  befori!  the  risiru,'  of  the  sun  that  I  started 
attraete<l  by  a  sound  like  that  of  a  rushing  wind  com- 
ing down  the  mountain  in  front  of  which  the  marsh 
V  as  situated,  I  had  scarcely  time  to  drop  two  more 
balls  into  the  barrd  of  my  rifle  than  a  ii  agnilieent  herd 
of  stags  and  does  appeared  on  the  edge  of  the  forest ; 
about  ten  paces  in  advance,  a  superb  buck  of  ten 
branches  marched  at  their  head,  lie  halted  with  an 
air  of  inquietude,  raised  liis  beautiful  head  and  snorted; 
well  I  knew  by  this  that  ho  had  winded  me,  and, 
fearing  to  see  them  re-enter  the  woods,  I  fired  off  both 
barrels,  with  no  ojiportniiity  of  judging  their  etlect,  as 
I  felt  mysi.'lf  that  moincnt  liiUMeliLd  into  s[)ae(,',  and 
was  only  stopped  in  my  jirecipitale  (umrso  by  the 
lipttoni  of  the  lake.  This  was  owing  to  the  confounded 
mule,  wild,  taking  fright  at  the  explosion  of  my  fire- 
erins,  thought  it  best  to  give  a  vigoious  jump  and  get 
lid  of  me  tlie  be.it  way  she  eould. 

"  As  soon  as  I  could  get  on  my  fed  again  I  caught 
sight  of  her  making  off  towards   the  forest.       J   was 
soon  after  her  ;  and  thanks  to  the  lovg  bridle  that  had 
got  round  her  legs,  and  forced  lier  to  g, 
legs,  I  was  not  long  in  ciiteliiug  her. 

"  Although  Ciiven«l  all  over  with  mud,  and  wet  to  the 
skin,  I  slill  jmslied  on  to  the  o|ieiiiiig  in  the  forest 
out  of  which  the  herd  of  deer  had  come,  and  there,  to 
my  great  delight,  I  saw  a  noble  stag  streli'hed  on  the 
ground  with  one  of  my  ritlc-ba'ls  in  his  side  ;  this  was 
R  nioi-sel  of  consolation  in  my  di>aster.  [  was  much 
sooner  eomtorted  than  dried  ;  f(a'  my  tinder  had  got 
wet  in  iiiv  forced  bath,  and  I  couM  not  light  a  tire. 
So  I  maii.iged  w  ith  a  great  deal  of  trouble  to  jmt  the 
slag  entire  across  my  mule,  and  directed  my  stc[)S 
towards  Ne\ad,i  city,  to  carry  out  a  little  plan  I  had 
conceived  for  selling  my  game. 

"I  arrived  there  towards  mid-day,  just  at  the  time 
when  the  miners  were  returning  from  their  'claims' 
to  dinner.  As  1  .•idvaiieed  bravely  up  the  only  street 
of  the  village,  I  shouted  out  in  Kiiglish,  '  Venison,  at 
one  dollar  a-pound  '.'  Such  a  ca]iital  idea  was  crowned 
with  success;  for  scarcely  had  I  readied  the  bottom 
of  the  street,  which  was  not  alxive  two  hundred  yards 
long,  than  I  had  .«old  every  pound,  and  gained  '-wo 
hundred  dollars  in  gold  dust. 

"  Now  came  another  ray  of  good  fortune,  for  two  of 
my  French  coinpatrir,,s,  who  kcjit  a  tavern,  to  whom  I 
had  sold  the  two  haunches  of  my  deer,  invited  me  to 
<liniier,  and  during  the  dessert  informed  iiio  of  their  wish 
to  enter  into  a  contract  with  me  to  supiily  tln'iii  witli 
game  during  the  wludo  year.  I  acceiited  this  ciui- 
traet  for  so  long  as  I  should  remain  at  (!ra.ss  Valley, 
without  binding  myself  to  any  ])artieular  time.  As 
we  were  all  of  us  I'retons,  our  words  were  as  good  as 
our  bonds,  and  no  written  agreement  was  thought 
necessary. 

"  In  this  village,  as  in  all  the  jdacer.s,  goM  and  .silver 


off  on  my  mule  again  on  the  r  ad  to  Grass  Valley." 

VIII.— DEPARTURE  FOR   THE   INTERIOR. 

"  M'eeks  and  months  thus  rolled  on,  between  work 
at  the  'claim'  and  the  pleasures  of  the  chase,  the 
latter  of  which,  strange  to  say,  generally  brought  more 
jirofit  than  the  former.  At  last  came  the  moment 
when  I  could  no  longer  resist  the  imperious  desire  that 
urged  me  towards  the  deserts  of  the  east  ;*eoiisequeiitly, 
alter  having  placed  niy  cabin  in  the  c.Tieofthe  Cana- 
dians, and  deposited  my  little  fortune  also  in  their  loyal 
hands,  I  made,  one  fine  moining,  my  final  jireparation 
for  departure.  My  beaiski'i  and  my  hammock,  folde<l  in 
four,  were  ]ilaced  on  the  back  of  my  mule,  ,aiid  fastened 
with  my  tent  rojies  ;  on  the  top  of  these  I  iilaccd  the 
haversack  containing  my  jn'ovisions,  and,  mounted  on 
them  all,  I  gave  a  last  loving  look  at  my  peaceable 
herniitage,  my  flowers,  too  soon  perhaps  to  wither  on 
their  stems,  deprived  of  my  tender caie ;  gave  a  friendly 
p  on  three  grasp  to  my  Canadian  neighbours,  and  with  a  happy 
heart,  eager  with  hope  and  adventurous  emotion,  1  set 
forth  on  my  way.  i  had  contrived  for  myself  a  kind 
of  cabin  with  W(jlf'-skiii",  for  my  red  woollen  shirt 
was  <piit<:  Used  np.  AVith  this  e(|uipage  I  was  a  fine 
likeness  of  Itoliinson  Cni.'-oc,  all  but  the  skin  umbrella, 
instead  of  wMeh  I  had  a  r.ipiiehius  cowl  of  the  same 
stuff  as  my  garment,  which  1  found  infinitely  more  con- 
venient, wlii'her  marching  or  reposing,  awake  oraslee]). 

"The  early  ]iart  of  my  \oyage  ])assed  without  any 
incident  worthy  of  rejioii.  'Hie  day  was  fine,  a  bril- 
liant sun  gilded  the  top  of  the  tree?  of  the  forest.  I 
voyaged  along  under  a  dome  of  natural  verdure,  in 
which  mvriads  of  birds  Huttereil  about  and  sang, 
ai>parently  but  little  frightened  at  my  ]ireseiice.  I 
made  about  forty  or  filty  miles  of  my  jiairiipy  without 
meeting  any  Indians,  under  the  gigantic  shade  of 
sombre  and  deep  forests,  or  these  vast  ]iines  {Sec  ji.  ,'169), 
the  pride  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  (Taxv/f/iMHif/fV/dii^piim),' 


1  Al)out  tliirty  miles  from  Sonom,  in  tlie  district  of  Caluverns, 
yon  Clime  to  wlK\t  is  callid  tlio  the  Stanisliis  Hiver;  iiiiil,foll(i>viiij.' 
one  of  it.s  trilmtaiics  tliat  iii.irnnirs  tlirnii);li  a  (tec)),  wmdi'it  lied, 
jiiu  reach  tlic  Maiiiinuth  'Ircc  Valley,  which  lies  1,500  IVct  ahevo 
tlic  level  of  the  sea.  In  tliis  valley,  which  takes  its  iiaiiic  thence, 
Mill  fitul  yourself  in  the  Jircscnce  of  the  giants  of  the  vcpclulilu 
worlil;  ami  tho  nstoiiishiiuiit  with  which  you  contcmiilate  from 
11  distance  ihe.'c  tnwcrlil.e  coiiilei  a',  rising  far  ahove  the  lofty 
)iiiiB  woods  ishicri'ascd  when,  on  n  nearer  nii]iroiicli,  ynn  hcconio 
Hwarc  of  their  jiroih^'ious  diincnsions.  'J  here  i»  ii  family  of  them, 
consisting  of  ninety  luenihers,  pcottcr.  d  over  a  simce  of  almut 
forty  acres;  and  the  sn;alle.«t  and  fcelilcsl  among  them  is  not  le.HS 
tliai'i  fifty  feet  in  diameter.  You  can  ncnrccly  believe  your  eyes 
as  you  look  np  to  their  crowns,  which,  in  the  most  vigorous  of  cho 
colossal  stems,  only  liegin  at  the  height  of  a  hundred  mid  fifty 
feet  or  two  humlred  feet  from  the  ground. 

Whctlicr  it  is  the  enormous  girth  of  the  gray  moss-gn  wn 
trunks,  the  incredilile  lieights,i.rthe8trait;ht,licantiful  grev/ths, 


never  niaile  their  appearance  as  coin  ;  in  allcomnu  icial  that  produces  so  iimverful  an  impression,  it  islonu  before  you  ran 

tran.s.actions,  g Isare  boitghtar.l  paid  for  in  gold-dust;  collect  yonr  thoughts  sufficiently  to  be  able  .luictly  to  consider 

"^  .,.'',  1  i  their  peculiar  chur.u'tcristics,  and  determine  to  what  tiwcics  they 

thus  you  sec  two  pairs  of  scales  on  every  shoii-counter,  ,,^,,^,,,^,   'Ihev  arc  conifer rthef.mily  oftheS^i/f.oia  (Endlichcr), 

one    to    weigh    the    goods,    and    the    other    the   jnice.  ,„|,l  niany  names  have  been  assigned  to  th.'in  by  various  iKitniests 

Every  miner  carries  about  with  him  a  leathern  purse,  iu  who  huvo  liceu  nud  doncribed  tlicm,     WeUingtoKia  of  biiidlgr 


m 


ill  ftotmf)  unt  i^cmt. 


where  ttie  CalmfieM  relpnin;;  nrmiiiil  ixTvadcd  my 
spirit  with  a  sontiriiciit  of  i()ii)si'  unci  liii|i|iiiu;sH  such 
as  I  liud  never  really  felt  until  thei).  .My  very  soul 
seemed  at  rest  here,  and  to  liave  lost  every  th()Ui,'ht  of 
the  troubles  of  life. 

"  It  wxs  about  six  o'clock  wlieu  I  arrived  by  tlio  side 
of  a  {>lea.sant  stream  .sliuded  w' 
oaks.      This  was  a  cliarmini;  po. 


"My  fir.st  care  after  tliiswadtolijrhtnfire,  ami  pluek 
two  ('alifornian  j>artrid;,'es,  wbieli  «ere  spitted  upon  a 
.stick  rest inj,' tipou  two  othe's  ;  as  tiiey  were  very  fat, 
I  ]iut  my  tin  plato  under  them  to  caleh  thi^  i:ii\\\, 
and  then  I  had  a  glorious  repast,  wliicli  only  wanli  d  a 
bottle  of  our  IJretou  cider  to  make  it  jieileet.  'J'his 
willows  .•ind  youiii,'  iiational  nectar  I  replaced  by  the  water  of  the  brook, 
n  for  c;ini|iini,',   for,     licpiid  and  fresh,  such  as  are  all  stiemis  in  the  eountrv 


on  either  side  the  stream  was  bordered  with  a  bank  of  of  the  Jtoeky  Mountains.  At  ni^dlt,  I  suspendi d  mv 
grass,  enamelled  with  flowers  as  fresh  as  the  morninj^:  hanimoek  between  the  branches  of  a  pine,  not  ftelir^ 
80  I  loosened  my  mule  to  ji.isture  in  the.si!  charmini;  <|uite  .sure  of  the  delights  of  a  night  ]iassed  on  the 
nieail.iw.s,  atul  stretcheil  myself  on  the  grass,  where  1  grass  l)y  the  sidn  of  a  stream,  but  still,  within  hearing 
inhaled  with  delight  the  balmy  odours  of  the  forest,  of  its  meloiliouii  niurnuirs.  I  cut  down  with  my 
After  sufficient  repose,  a  bath  under  a  natural  arcade  hatehet  ii  large  (piantity  of  branches,  which  made  uid 
of  branches  and  entwining  Ho'.vers,  just  such  a  bathing  a  niagniticent  coueli  through  the  night,  ami  .served 
]i]aco  .as  a  naiad  might  envy,  recruited  my  strength,  ,  me  as  the  safeguard  against  the  indiscreet  visits  of  any 
and  restored  to  my  limbs  that  su|iplene.ss  a  journey  of  j  ferocious  beasts. 

such  a  length  as  I  liad  gone  through  usually  deprives  '  "  I  awoke  witli  tlio  dawn  as  the  birds  were  singing  in 
them  of ;  for,  to  ea.se  my  n)ule,  and,  still  more,  from  t!io  bushes.  How  gratefid  to  the  heart  of  the  traveller 
the  true  feeling  of  a  sportsman,  I  had  walked  the  is  sucli  a  ]ile.isant  awakening — those  sweet  notes  that 
listance  on  foot.  give  to  his  heait  that  a.ssuraiiee  of  ])eace  and  courages 

.so  necessary  to  a  man  wandering  in  forest.s,  thou.sands 
of  miles  from  his  native  land.  All  that  surrounded 
ir<u!ii,iqto/iia  of  the  Anipricans.  Kcm.v  calls  it  tlic  Mam-  mo  then  was  so  beautifid  and  so  sweet,  that  I  have 
awtlj  tnv,  S<r">ia  viff'",te.,.  Most  nf  thom  have  blunt  teps,  j  oC^,,,,  r,.i;,vtted  noL  having  been  born  in  these  primi- 
winch   liuve   hoen   iiippcd  or   .   okon  oil   liy  storms    m  winter,  j  .•  •  ii    i.  t      •   i  ..  i  !•       i    ■ 

or  l.v  the  muss  of  snow  rcstiiif,'  upon  tLein,  otliers  have  hern  ,  V^,"  '■'"""":•  ^liit  i  »i"lglit  have  lived  t '   'ro  ever  jieaee- 
injnr'eil  at  their  hase  by  fires  innde  bv  tlio  Imliaiis ;  aiiil  others,  j  *>ll,  and  .satisfied  m  the  continual  Contv.   iplatiou  of  the 
npain,  have  siiircred  from  tlie  avarice  of  tlio  wliite  po/nilalion,  in  I  beauties  of  creation," 
the  restless  seareli  after  evervtliiiifj  in  nature  that  can  hriiig  tliem 


pecuniary  profit.  Witli  this  motive,  one  trunk  lias  h-jen  rohluxl 
to  llie  lieiL'lit  of  fifty  feet  of  its  tiark,  whieli  has  lieeneariieil  about 
and  exliiliited  in  various  parts  of  the  world;  and  a  spiral  stairease 
afterwards  cut  in  it,  liy  whieli  visitors  (payiui;f  u'  tljeir  adinissimi) 
ascended  to  a  considerable  iiei^j^lit.  'i  Ih' owner  of  this  distrirt, 
who  also  nets  as  j^uide  to  visititrs,  liad  given  a  name  to  every  tree 
aceiinlinjr  !o  its  positicm,  or  to  some  eireuinslaneo  uhout  it  tiial 
had  strui'k  liis  fancy.  The  tree  that  lias  heeii  cut  down  was 
denominated  "  Hii;  tree,"  int  without  reason,  as  it  is  ninety -sit 
feet  in  circumference,  conseipienty  tliirty  two  feet  in  diaineler, 
and  three  hundred  feet  hi^jli;  it  took  live  men  twenty-tive  da\s 
to  f  11  it,  and  the  only  way  this  couUl  be  elfected  was  hy  horin^ 
li'iles  in  it,  which  were  tlien  hrmijflit  into  eouiuetion  by  tlie  a\e. 
The  stuuiptliat  was  left  has  hi'cu  sniootlied  at  the  top,  andolV.'rs  a 
Burfice  on  wliieh  it  is  said  sixteen  pairs  of  waltzers  can  perform 
their  ijyrations,  without  interfering^  with  one  anntiicr's  niove- 
mmls.  Hy  counting,' the  riotrs  it  would  seem  lliat  that  trre  must 
liave  obtained  the  au'O  of  3,000  years.  Another,  called  ".Miner's 
(.'ahin,  '  from  a  hollow  ill  tlie  tniiil:,  is  cij^lity  feet  round,  and  also 
three  'lundred  feet  lii;,'!!.  """.e  "Three  Sisters"  are  three  trees 
that  ai  mar  all  to  firm  the  same  root,  ami  the  iniilille  one  mily 
beirins  to  iret  its  branches  at  the  lieij.'ht  of  two  liundred  feet:  its 
circumfereneu  is  nine  feet,  and  its  lieij;lit  three  hundred  feet. 
Besides  these  tliere  aro  "  Old  liai-helor,"  "Ilushand  iind  Wife," 
neither  much  inferior  in  size  to  those  [  liave  nu  ntioi.ed;  and  even 
more  colossal  is  the  "Family  tirouji,"  consi>tiMf;  of  father, 
mother,  and  twenty-four  children.  The  father  has  fallen  some 
years  api,  has  sttuck  another  tn'J  in  its  fall,  and  has  broken  olf 
in  a  length  of  tlirce  liundred  feet,  the  entire  trunk  nieasuriiif; 
four  hundred  and  fifty  feet  j  at  the  place  where  it  limke,  its  cir- 
cumrerence  is  firtj  feet,  and  at  tlie  hase  one  hundred  and  ten 
feet ;  tlie  mother  is  ninety-one  feet  round,  and  three  hundred  and 
tweiily-seveii  feet  ln>;b;  and  aootlier  lio  l.iw  trunk,  which  is 
liroken  olf  in  a  leiiijth  of  wveiity-fivc  feet,  is  deiKiiinated  the 
"  Ilorsehaek  Kider,"  heeause  a  man  on  liorsehaek  i  an  ride  con- 
veniently thriaigh  it  from  one  end  to  the  otiier  j  ami  there  is  also 
•Tilde  Tom's  I  ahin,"  a  trunk  throe  liiindred  feet  lii^'h,  and 
ninety  feet  round,  with    a  hollow  at  the  hase  in  whieli  li.ercis 

plenty  of  ri i  for  a  party  of  tive-and-lweiity.     The  ret  t  that 

forms  the  entrance  to  this  tree  is  t«o  and  a-l.alf  feet  liroad,  ami 
ton  feet  lii;;li,  and  certainly  few  of  tlie  gold-diirfjers  Iiave  Riieh 
•paeioiis  dwellinj^s  as  its  interior  presents.  It  is  most  prievons  '  ■ 
tliink  tliat  the-o  inapniticent  monuments  of  the  power  of  ve^'i'ta- 
tion  should  fill  a  prey  to  the  dc'strnctiveiie.ss  of  man,  when  after 


tin 


still 


their  tliousands  of  years  of  exi: 
enoU(;h  to  remain,  if  they  were  left  untuuelied,  as  ohjicts  of 
wonder  and  adiniratiou  to  geiieraliuii  after  geucruliuu  of  our 
shortdiveJ  rae«. 


IX.— MY  ADVENTURES. 

"After some  day.s'  travelling,  and  numerous  dangeis, 
increased  by  meeting  with  men  and  animals  in  regiotn 
seldom  freiitiented  by  iMiropeans,  dangei-s,  vvlmsi' con- 
stant reciirienco  niacle  them  a  daily  habit,  I  traversed 
the  southern  extremity  of  the  niotintains,  whence  the 
Itiver  lluniiiiildt  flows  to  the  west,  and,  ascending  be- 
tween the  Lakes  Nicollet  and  Sevier,  jicnetrated  witliin 
that  jiortiou  of  the  Sierra  Wall,  where  the  seatch  for 
gold,  and  the  flight  tif  the  ■Mormons,  liave  caused  to 
sjniiig  up  the  (ii-eat  Salt  I  ake  City  and  that  of  Fill- 
ninrc,  the  iioiiiin.il  ea]iital  of  the  iNlormon  state  of  Utah. 
Ibit,  as  yet,  the  sombre  canons  or  ]iasses  of  those  moun- 
tains (.s'<e  jiage  365),  and  the  gigantic  forests  of  their 
side.s,  had  never  been  gone  over  but  by  jianthers  and  the 
no-lcss  .savage  men  belonging  to  the  numerous  sub-divi- 
sions of  the  Pah  I'tah  Indians. 

"  While  eiicaiiijied  one  night  on  tlio  bank  of  a  water- 
course, w  liich,  too  late,  I  recognised  as  an  aflliteiit  of 
the  l!io  Verde,  1  was  roused  up  by  tlie  growling  of 
a  bear,  but  in  a  particular  tone  that  was  not  by  anv 
means  re-a.ssuring.  .As  soon  as  it  was  daylight  I 
looked  to  the  cliirge  of  my  rifle,  and  dropjied  in  some 
iron  shot  in  jil.ici!  of  a  leaden  bullet.  J  do  not  know 
wlnit  was  in  the  air,  but  I  felt  a  kind  of  ]ire.sentinient 
that  was  not  ominous  of  good,— a  spasm  of  the  Ik  art 
that  seemed  to  .say,  '  mind  what  you  are  about.'  I 
f.illowed  this  advice,  and  about  nine  o'clock  resumed 
my  journey.  As  the  river  lay  along  in  the  direction 
<d'  my  rout<s  I  kejit  on  its  bank  until  the  middle  of  tlio 
ilay,  and  was  then  about  to  Jiliiiige  into  the  forest, 
w  Inti  my  attention  was  awakened  by  cries  in  the  dis- 
t.uiee.  Following  the  Indian  fashion,  I  brought  my 
ears  in  close  jiro.ximity  with  the  earth,  and  could  then 
distinctly  make  out  a  hubbub  of  shouts.  At  one 
bound  1  threw  myself  into  a  eliniip  of  cherry  tiicsaiel 
willows  <in  the  bank  of  the  strc.im,  and  with  my  bellv 
to  the  ground,  like  a  fo.v  that  sees  the  hunter,  i  waileil 


J     LI.! FJEUIJ m^-IAAJLM-TTTT^r^^BM 


'  a  wntiT- 
luciit  of 

iwliiii;  lit' 
liv  aiiv 

,'lLt     I 

111  sdtno 
it  know 
•utiiiii'iit 
III  art 

out;   I 

llSllIIK'll 

(lirt'i-ticm 

M.ftllO 

ioivst, 

the   (liti- 

L.'lit  my 

i.l   tlit'ii 

At     <1IH^ 

ii.y  l.clly 
i  wailed 


I'     ! 


{  .:! 


rvm 


<sm 


rifle  in  hand.  Aftdi-  the  Jiipso  of  a  few  tiiiiiiifoH  I 
caught  sight  of  a  Imiid  of  liuliim.s,  of  all  a-'es  and 
sexes,  runnir.g  towards  the  opiiositc^  l)ank,  and'"leapin.' 
into  the  water  like  so  many  frogs.  I  thought  I  was 
about  to  be  attacked,  and  ])ut  myself  on  the  defensive 
but  I  soon  rt'cognised  my  (rr..r,  for  the  Indians  seemccl 
a  gi'eat  deal  more  frigbteiKd  than  1  could  possibly  ,sui 

pose  they  v"—'-i  1 *  :-  -   —      -<■       '     .     •'      ' 

Were  swim 

latter  carriei 

two  children  rolled  up  ill  their  bircli-work  cradles,  si 


Prom  THK  ATLANTIC  to  TM  PACIrtd 


went  through  hi.,  jaw  ,,  I    ,^.,  ''   """  "*  "'y  ''^'"s 

other  stuek"i„,,i:i!:;.i[:'  ;-■'•;     "t  his  neck,  the 
and  in  u  vi„l„„t  ,.ft;,rt  to     et    f  'i'  "  **'''''"''' ''"'»'' 

theibotofthewi,),...",i-,-;;;';;;;;;;^i^^^^^^^ 


eal  ,n.n-e  fiigbtencd  than  I  could  possibly  sup:  h fa  L  .,^"  "n'  "'^  ^^■^  "I'  a»d  at  n  .  :. 
w.mld  be  at  .seeing  me.  Men  'and  women  ;  an.rmy  rZ  fver  le  t'  T"  'T  '"""^  *"  '•^"'"-'  »'y  H^ 
nmn.g  as  hard  as  they  could,  only  ,.s  the  I  amon/tl,?)  i  J  '°"«'"'  *"  "••<'-■  had  irot  sf  .  I' 
ried  almost  all  of  ,l,..,a  uu  their  backs  one  or  a  Zf,,  ,  t'l  ',f  *''"  ^^'"-^  "'  >"/  gi  -H  ..  h 
ren  rolled  up  in  their  birch-work  cradles,  so  !      '  <  l"       t        ■  ^„'  "'''  ""*  '''''^^  ''*• 


.howing  itieif  to  be  a  grimly  b.;;::u.;riv;:,;u^du::i;:  I  '^:j^zfSJ:::  'Tl  ^^}^^':Mu'i:::z::: 

the  terror  of  a  timorous  heart,  and  the  king  of  bea.sts  1  outan  ..„  I      \-  '"•'">■  "■  '^'-^t  '^'"'t  from  n  v  riH,. 

..  these  regions.  He  swam  with  such  vig,n.r  that  he  '  JnlnX.;'  ■  i^^Ci^jf  ^:f' I  Y'  'f""  -ari;  tl.  ; 
was  soon  close  upon  the  last  of  the  s,,uaws,  a  ,,oor  young  I  of  the  will  u  ".,  V  '""'  ''"»  ''•"■«  the  v  -rv  roots 
mother   towing  behind  her  two    lit.H«   ..hlu..J  ...i.f^     "i  1^,  '''"'"''  ■'""'  *"'•>!  ■  ly  loots 

cried    whenever  their   moullis    wei 

w.itei.     The  Ii  ^ 

Ml  row.s  at  the  bear,  but  the  distance  between  them  was 
yet  too  great,  and  he  was  not  hit. 

"In  a  scene  so  distressing,  it  was  not  in  my  power  to 
remain  a  calm  and  sdtisli  spectator. 


n,c^her   towing  behind  her  two    little   children,   who  :  that'u,e"t:;:;'w,^'v ',;::;;";;:;">;  ^"'"  ^-■—  pieces 

-henever  their   moutl,s    were    not    filled    with     and  knueke.l  outl.     tt,K  ^  "i'-'t -'lldselaws 

J  he  Indians,  on  then-  siile,  shot  their  poLsoned  i  after  the  li„Ii.,n   '    I  ^''  '">'  ''■"'•"■tas  a  tiopbv 

b  the  bear,  but  the  distance  between  t.h„..,  ,.,...     I    x     ^'"".■'."  '"«'""".  •'""I  then,  like  a  true  si.orts' 


man,  I  cut   hii 


".diets  in  hisbod^7hLt"I^^*;  1'"  r'''  '"<''"y 

l-l  been  shot  thn^ugh   three  tim':.!      Vl'r  tl  '"""' 
leaineoutofmyhiding.Vlaci^andaftercallingupon    f SZ,eetr,r^^^^^ 
.•.ndeom|,ellingtlie  Indians,  who  were  stroi„.Iv  .litp, id    choni      rwh  I,     '  f^'M^nied   witl/a    so,,.,  a, 

."  ^.ke  to  flight  at   seeing  me    to  coi.ti,   .,■   nL  in  I  .ast;::^om^'iii';«'^I  co„,,,  recog„i.,  „  ,",Z 
(lisehargmg  th<..r  arrows,  I  pl,;eed  my  trusty  rifle  iu  the  '  tli,.y  nronounce^l    ,v .     ?  1^"  I""'*'^"'"!'   wui.is  wl,i,.|, 
i..rk  of  a  willow-branch,  to  make  sure  of  mv  aim,  and  I  seated    on       el^'l"-''-      ^   ^''^  '^''"'  «"  "".  »n 
<i.-ed  a  long  shot.     My  ball  struck  the  liorrifde  he^d  of    them  in    thl  cholt  ''  s"'"    1'  '"•^'   '"'">•'  J--''   -iil, 

thev  came  un  .nt.  1,.'..    /.'!,V'^  *'"'.'  ^  ^'.'"^  it  "H  l<i>"llv. 


(lie    monster,   and  I   .saw  him   shake  it  in  the  river, 
wlio.se  waters  became  red   with  his  blood.     His  .speeci 
liecame  manifestly  slower.   Then,  .seiziiig.'n  Indian,  who 
seemed  to   be  the  husband  of  the   unl.ijky  scpiaw,   I 
jiiislied  him  in  the  water  to  go  and  help  Lis  wife,  who, 
I)aralysed  with  fear,  and  impeded  by  lier  burden,  could 
scarcely    manage    to    swim  ;    but  "  I     was   obliged    to 
menace  liiin  with  my  rifle  to  compel  him  to  do  so.     I 
then  brought  my  rifle  to  my  shoulder,  and  .sent  another 
iron  ball  cmshing  into  the  skull  of  the  grizzly  bear, 
which  stopped  liis  career    in  ju.st   suflicient    time    to 
allow  the  Indian  woman  to  regain  the  bunk,  which  she 
had  no  sooner  touched   with   her  feet,    than    .she  fell 
almost  senseless.     I  made  a  sign  to  the  three  Indians- 
father,  brother,  and  husband  of  the  unfortunate  woman 
—to  bear  her  away  in  siifety  to  the  forest.     Embol- 
dened by  my  first  sncces.s,  I  v.,s  now  inclined  for  a 
iina<!  intimate  acquaintance  with  my  ten-ible  game,  so 
(|Uickly    dropped   a    couple   t>f   balls    into    my    rifle, 
and    slinging    it    behin.l    me,   climbed    uj.    into    one 
of    the    willows    that    fringe;    the    river    banks.       I 
had  scarcely  instidled  my.solf,   and   had   not  yet  had 
time   to    fix     myself    to   one     of    the     biunches    bv 
means   of  my    belt,  from  a  fear  that  my  feet  might 
slip,  when  the  monster  should   eome  crawling  u])  the 
trunk  of  the  willow,  foaming  at  tlie  mouth,  and  cover- 
ing mo  with  his  fwtid  bieath.     At  this  time   I  was 
still  ignoniut  that  gi-izzly    boars  do  not  climb  tree.s, 
an.l    .so  in  my  fear,  and  with  the  object  of  8toi)piiig 


they  came  un  at  kst  7^     ",  ^  ^""^  ''  ""  ^ 

n.e^utotiieK.^\*;i:::^^^^^^^^ 

they  appearcl  enchanted  ''' ^'""^  -""■''''  "■"' 

inZis^io  kucrr  liti:": '••■/'''^v'^' --'^  *'- 

speech  e.  mliaticTu  s  ,  ;  ^'■""'^''  "'"''''■^^-'l  >"c  in  a 
a.pn.priate:-„r:'S  ;;;'";  ^^''''■''  -"''"'  -'than 

skinshngrat/tude; loi^r  ;vt"r'''r';'*''v-' 

h'ft  this  gentleman   h..dfv        •  f  ''"''"  *""^''      ' 

such  plaiTi  speak  ;/Two\r"'''H''''"  *"  '^•l''>-  *" 
betterwhat  o,....v^,  inL^'T  "'';:'-''>«'s  i  knew 
tl.oroughlvah.ne    n      ,1.,|         "^''^   ntterwar.ls  I  was 

Indian  whie  I    "  ,^     '^i^jf  "«^  'f  '''^  ^^y  ^'^'^ 

Sr'ct;st;.i:Tr^^ 

;..h,enlywithd.wn 
""^fl      tT"'  r''"'''   ■'^*'"^'^- *''^'  ^"'•^''  -ithin 

^^^fiilX."^^ 

c-ndit  sii  f  t^^'«;.I'-'"l"-g  from  behind  which  ] 
cai iglit  s  gl  t  o  my  Indian  frien.l.  The  ungrateful  thief 
.a.   got  behind   a  rock,  and   was  looking'!  tftr     he 

^r^    "If  t'""t""'"'".      ''''■^   ''"'"*«  ^f  his  arroi: 

...  led,  that  IS  to  siiy  they  were  poisone.l.     My  part 

-us  now  taken.     I  fired,  and  my  ball  hit  him  a  ifttle 


404 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLO. 


,  1      ::r(l 


licliiw  tlio  riglit  an.i|iit.      Ifi'  t'll  ovit  tlic>  i k,  wlu'licc 

iic  ri'iiKiiiii'il  siis|i(iiili'i|  Willi  liis  :iniis  li:iiit;iin,'  ilowii. 
Sliii^'iii!'  Iiiv  lilli-  I  rliiiilMil  t(i«Miil>  liiiii,  wnikiiii^'  my 
way  u|i  liv  lilt'  JiitliiiL;  jiici'i's  uf  tlic  mck  mikI  tlu'  nints-.l' 
fill!  ti'i'i's,  bill  ;is  tlic  |iii.-sn,'o  was  a  dillicult  unc.  siilli 
cii'iit  tiiiii' >'l;i|i,scil  (ill  liiiii  to  rci'iiviT  liiiiisi'll' lu'Tirc  I 
liail  rcatliiil  ti»!tii|).  Willi  an  .lu'ilily  Mirpii'-iii;,'  in  (nic 
so  yrii'^'i'iisly  woiiiiiii'd,  lie  i;  liiicil  llic  jilatcaii  ln'liin-  I 
ciililil  piissilily  si'iiil  aiiiitlicr  shot  into  liiiii,  ciiiliarra^si'ii 
as  I  wa.s  liy  tin-  (Hlliciilty  of  tlu'  groiiinl.  WIumi  1 
ri'aclicil  tlio  platcan  niyscif  liu  was  iilriMily  a  i|U,ii-tir 
of  a  mill'  in  advance,  llying  across  the  jilain.  '!"o 
I'lillow  would  liavc  liccn  folly.  I  sont  a  oonical  liall 
iil'i'T  liini,  which  was  all  1  I'oiihl  do,  hut  it  did  not 
liil  him,  as  the  distance  was  too  Ltnit. 

"  I  canii'  down  from  the  rock,  and  jiassin;,'  round  hy 
the  .side  whence  my  ungrateful  homicide  h  id  dischari,'ed  i 
his  arrows,  ohservcd  llw  stain  of  his   blood.      All  this 
did  not  give  me  much  rclisii  tor  my  breakfast,  and    I 
set  t'orili  on  my  journey  again  sad.  and  full  of  thought. 
Next   dav,   towards  eleven   o'cloik,    a  v,ii;iii'  and  con- 
fused murmur  atlr.ieted  my  attention.      \N'ith  no  very 
coiiif  irlalile   It'cling    [   ]iut  my  ear  to  the  ground,  and 
loo  soon   <MUie   to  the  coinii'tioii   that  a  w,ir-|iaftv  of 
liidi.nis   Well'  on    my   tr.iccs.      Flight  was  impossible, 
coiiccilment  ei|ii.iliy  iisiless,  tor  I  was  betrayed.     Con-  : 
filling,    therefore,    ill    my    liicK-v    star,    I    w.iited   theii' 
I'liiiiing  with  a  linn   foot,    my    back  a^.iinst  a  tree,  jind 
niv  face  to  tlc'  eneni  ■.      A  few  minutes  and  they  were  - 
within   si.Nlv   |i:ices  of  me.      Aii'ows  without  number 
now  fell  aioiinil  m.',  but    I    w.is  jiroti'cted  by  the  trees 
lliil  :.'rew   ihickli  on  the  spot.      My  first  im|mlse  was 
|o   ili'i'ciid    iiiy~elt'  with  my  revolver,  Imt  wlicii    I    s.aw 
tlieiii   coniiii';   nearer  and   nearer  with  their  jioisoiioiis 
darts,  I  began  to  think  of  surrcndei',  and  a  thoiiL;lit  of  ; 
my  connlry  cime  over    my    soirit — sweet    thought  ! 
that  counselled   prudence.      \  laid  my  arms  at  the  foot 
of   the    tni!    that    I    li.id    cho-eii   to    li.ick    me  U[).  and 
adv meed  towards  t hem.      'I'h   \'  received  me  with  their 
arrows  on    the   .-.Iriu^',  and  a  tierce  war-cry    welcoinrcl 
my  resolve,      I  was  , it  once  surrounded,  laid  upon  the  I 
grolliid,  .I'ld  tied  hinds  aud  feet. 

"  I  ad  lr.-~eil  niy--e|f  to  jiim  wlio  appeai'ed  to  be  the 
iliii'f  of  the  liibe,  but  lie  replied  in  the  Iieliau  latigiiaL,'e 
with  .some  words  which  I  did  not  under-tan. 1.  .M'ter 
a  gre.it  many  wonls  and  not  h^ss  gestures  lAchaiiLred  ' 
between  us,  I  thought  I  could  inidcrst.ind  that  there 
w.is  a  ipiestioii  whether  to  carry  me.  or  untie  my  le^'s. 
The  chief  it  app.'ars,  w.is  incliiied  to  the  llrsl  plan, 
but  others  of  the  b.ind,  who  had  taken  my  measure 
ami  I'.il.Milated  my  Weight,  had  no  inclinaiioii  for  such 
a  burthen,  so  they  voted  for  the  second  jdan  ;  there 
w.is  an  inlermedi.ite  nietliod  )iroposeil  for  killing'  me 
at  OIK  e.  but  lil''kily  the  sci'oiid  pl.-in  cari'ied  the  dav. 
The  l;i-t.iiniL:s  on  my  h'l,'-.  were  looseni'd.  and  1  s.i  out 
on  ;i  |i,itli  across  tlf  forest,  led  .'iloug  by  the  Indians 
at  a  sl.i-liiiiL.'  p.ice. 

"  Towards  t  A  lorl.irk  we  were  stoppe.l  in  oiire  ours,' 
by  a  river,  wiiich  they  m.|  themsi'lves  to  cro>s  by 
swimming,  tind  one  of  the  most  I'obust  of  the  band 
was  told  oir  to  carry  me  on  liis  b.ack,  where  I  was 
fastened  wMh  ihoie_'s  of  biilliilo's  hide.  I  confess  it 
W.IS  not  without  fi;ir  that  I  s.aw  the  eommeiieenient  of 
tin's  ojjer.itioii.  the  more  s.i.  becaii<i'  niv  hands.  beitiL.' 
still  bound,  the  danL.'er  would  be  imiiiiiieiit  if  the 
Indi.in  was  nut  a  idever  swimmer.  I  did  ,ill  I  coiild 
to  make  tiie  chief  niiderstand  tli.it  I  knew  how  to 
swim,  and   tliat   )•"  lie   would  let  them  unbind  mo  I  j 


could  swim   aen  ss  (is  well    as   tliey  ;  but  whctlior  fifl 

did  not  understand  niv  sii;iis,  or  did    not  feel  inclined 

to  trust  me,  the  arrang"iiieiit  i-cmaiiied  as  it  was.     My 

bag,  my  arm.-,  all  the  boo'y  takiii   with  me,  was  linule 

up  into  n   bundle,  ami   launched  into  the  river  nt  tlio 

same   time  as  ourselves.      I  soon  saw  that  my  Indian 

w.is  a  good  swimmer,  ami  we  rapidly  reaeheil  the  other 

side,   wlieri^  we  li.illed  in  the  middle  of  ti   small  creek, 

bordered   with    reeds   and   mpiilic  ]ilants.      As  it  was 

very  cold  I  wtis  soon  dry,   fur  tiny  had  not  taken  tho 

pieiautioii  to  take  off  my  skin-coat.      We  followed  the 

com. sc  of  the  river  for  .ilioiit  an   hour;   then  we   cnnie 

upon  nn  afUuetit,  wlio.se  conr.so  W(Mollowed,nnd  twenty 

minutes   alterwanls   eaiiie  iijioii    tliiee   Iiiiban    ennties 

hid.leii  aniiaig  the  willows  on   the  river's  side.      'J'lieso 

eaiioes  were  an    ingcnioiis  work,  const rneled  of  willow 

branches  woven  togclher,  and   covered  with  the  skins 

of  horses  ingeniously  sewn   together.      Si  ated  in  these, 

and    ini]iellcd    by    jiaddles,  we  ascended  thtt  river,  and 

after   two   hours'  paildling    I    was  .able   to   distinguish 

aliout    two   miles  oil'  iin    immense    ]u'!iirie   before  tis, 

covered  with  whi.t  I  should  hii\e  thought  to  be  n  great 

number  of  hay  cocks,  if  a  little  stieak  of  light  smoke 

across  the  blue  sky  had  not  sufliciently  indicated  them 

as  the  dwellings  ot  a  tribe  of   Indians.      As  soon  as  wo 

had    reached    the    ]irinei|ial   creek    where    the   fleet   of 

canoes    were    moored,    the    inhiibitiints  of  these    huts 

ciught  sight  of  >is ;  dies  of  joy  hailed  our  iirri\id,  and 

more    than    a    thous.ind    ehihiren,    women,    and    men 

h'.irried    down    to   the    river    bank,     'i  hose    moi-t    ini- 

|i.itieiit  to  see  me  threw  tlicniselves  into  the  liver  with 

nio-t  grotesi|Ue  contortions,  ami  surnamded  the  canoe, 

about    «liicli    the   children  Jilnnged    iind  di\ed  like  .so 

m/iny  young  ]iorpoises. 

"  L  Wiis  seized  and  carried  to  land  in  the  midst  of  a 
considerable  crowd.  ( -ur  entrance  through  a  large 
s'reet.  formed  by  two  rows  of  lints,  was  followed  imme- 
diately by  the  arrival  of  the  great  chief,  who  gave 
orders,  without  delay,  to  kceji  tit  a  distance  the  crowd, 
now  become  so  compact  lliiit  I  felt  as  if  stifled  by  a 
girdle  of  living  beings.  The  road  wi'  came  along 
was  e:i  an  asieiil,  aial  I  ]ierceived  befoie  us  the 
hut  of  the  (  hill',  which  was  nincli  higher  and  kirger 
than  the  others;  a  i  rowd  of  Indians  of  both  sexes 
were  niounled  on  the  top.  the  belter  to  enjoy  thu 
full j)  (I'll  il,  nevertheless,  instead  of  going  directly 
there,  my  eseoit  took  a  turn  to  the  right,  through  the 
labyrinth  of  huts,  and  stopped  before  one  of  them, 
into  which  I  was  made  to  enter,  no  one  follow  ing  but 
the  gieat  chief  and  three  Ind.ian  inferior  eliicls.  Tho 
thick  smoke  with  which  the  hut  was  filled  ineventej 
my  at  lir.-t  distinguishing  tiny  objects  within  it,  but 
liivin;;  been  led  to  the  bottiun,  I  found,  lying  on  a  mat, 
the  Indian  who  I  had  Wounded  the  previous  evening 
with  a  rifle  ball  ;  near  him  was  his  srpiaw,  with  idl  liis 
relations.  The  chief  dem.inded  of  me,  in  Sjianish,  if 
I  knew  this  Indian  I  1  made  a  sign  that  I  did.  Ho 
then  raised  the  bufTalo  skin  that  eovereil  the  nnm,  and 
|ioitite(l  with  his  finger  to  the  wound  produced  by  my 
liall.  They  had  a])]ilied  to  it  a  .'ort  of  Jilaster  of  brui.sed 
leaves.  When  interrogated  on  the  origin  of  that  wound, 
I  was  not  inclined  to  coni'cal  my  being  its  tiuthnr. 

"  Mv  crime  being  thus  verified,  1  was  conducteil  to 
the  coiincillnit,  accompanied  by  a  considerable  crowd. 
riioui,di  larger  th.iii  tlu;  other  hmi.ses  of  the  tiibe,  it 
dilli'i-ed  nothing  from  them  in  oonstniction — branches 
of  o:ik  stuck  in  the  ground,  and  covered  with  In  titen 
mud.     The  Indians  of  this  tribe  are  of  good  size  anil 


mm 


^t  of  a 

1    lillfe'O 

iimne- 

iiwd, 
!))■  a 

tlio 

:irgcr 

SI'XI'S 

tlic 
rcctly 
the 
tlicm, 
i;  but 
Tho 
nit.'il 
Imt 
I  mat, 
■iiiiig 
11  his 
sh.  if 
He 
u,  and 
y  my 
niisfil 

Ollllll, 

•(I'll  to 
liiwd. 
•ilif,  it 
inchi's 

„;lt<'l. 


IMUANS  c)l'-    rilK  RIi)  CDI.OKADi). 


" 


PROM   TIIR  ATLANTIC  TO  TIIR  PACIFIC. 


407 


:::;';if:i :;::;::  "III?:::-;:-;;:-.-;;;;;; ;;».;;;..»  ■„ ! 

iKlit'':    .i|..Im.  ..„„,,„.„, n.vs   of.l...    „„.,:i,..r.s  .„     it 
■ .  ...,1  „n,|  MlMT  H  su.li,.i,.ntly  ,minmt..,l  .lei,,,!..,  tl ,' 

!i:i:,ls';ij'''''''*'^'-'''' '''•■''••"' ^1 ^i..  *),..  <;,„„;,,„ 

■'' NVlMTrro,x.lM.tl,,.  !•,,!,.  F,,,. ..,,,,,..  tutl,..s,.n.,,i,,,,, 

,y<^-n..uw,u.,,ntlM;Ti,,,,,Ml I,,.  (      Ixt  l,i,„  ,.„.;! 

,'l'"    <'r.:.'.t    Cli.rf  .,niK,t   null,,,,    waits,  tl,u(    l,u         'v 
.I'lstlty  1 self  if  |„,  ,,,„•  '"■'> 

''"'"•  '■'!"  ••""'•'•/  I  r''Pli.'l, 'l,,M.s..,„t,l,.,-hn.,.,|«„r 


'"■  ",'l«!".«  t"   '•'"  K>-"'t   tri f  tl,;  Tin  „„-l,..s    a 

sul„  ,nM„„    „,•     ,1„    l.,l,.ih.hs,   is   sihiat  .  il. 

•":.'I...;s  ,,»■,,!,,.  H,,„  J,,,,,   Kiv..;.  H„.il„..,„v:f 

'•On  cml,.rinK  (I,..  I.ouso  of  f),,,  ,.l,i..f,  w..  f,.,„„l  .ss..,„- 

1  •;".•'•  tl,..  .,„„•  ,,nn..,,„.l  ,.|,i,.ls,  ^vl„^  s..,a.,l  „t  M,o 

■I   «t    t\w   l,„t,    w,.,-,.   n^s,uuu•i    my    cnnu,,;;.      TIm.s,. 

-nn„.nn,K.,.M.   K,.d,  „f  tl,,.,,,  1,„,|  l,is  t„„'ulli  i;;,^    ;^;:;^V'"  '^""^'■'"^  '- -"-'t'a,.k,.,l  nud  .1,.,;  ,„l,.,l    |„ 


1      1ms  s„I,.,  nud  won,  an   ,...,.l,-s   n,at|,„,.   i„   ,.i,'  ,,„j,. 

-t     M   ,1  l,,a,..  claws;  „,.o„n,i  t|„.i,.  wai.t  l,u„.  tails  of 
tl.   NNoit  orlox       Il„.   nitrriorof  tl„.co„nril-lu,t«as 
ii'l"nir.l  with  the  tropliM's  of  wai.     (\,,.  p   3si  ) 
"  TIht.  w..,v  s..ali,sa,„l  anns of  ..vwy  ki,„|,  tak.Mi  in 

''"'••'■nt  .■o,„l,als:  skins  of  tli,.  pantlirr  and  of  thr 
'"•i'l;.  'i"'I  one  tiiiii^r  that  slni,.k  mo  sii,^r„|arlv  was  tin- 
"..■.■tiii^.  n-ain,  nnionjj  tjas,.  spoils,  with  the  "skin  of  a 
nmnst.ons  s,.r|„.nt  that  I  ha,l  kilh.l  sonietin,,..  l„.fon. 
that  [  ponutrat..,!  into  th,.  Sienna  Wah  ;   J  <.o,il,|  „ot 

<ll'C'01Vl'(l.    t    ICll'    W:W   tliiif    .l.......ll'..l     1 1         ■  1       , 


liiin    show   the    woiinil   li.i 


"  'Then.'  aiMrd  h,.,  •  |,.t 
I'rci'ivcd  from  his  ni.'L,'iv>soi-.' 

•"i  li:|d  no  wound  ;  hut  j  was  ohlij,.,]  to  -dv,.  one  to 

'"Tin.    J'al,.    Ka,,.   ha,l  no  su.'h    ri-hts  ;     aft,.p   his 
''••iivrry  hrtoiv  ti,o(;nz/ly  ll,.ar,  I,,,   should   hav,.  l„.,,i 

«.jnt   ,andih.d   l,..foivtlK.am,wsofth,.Tin;pal, 

«lnrlididli.,thithini        lie.  has  shrd  1,1 |.    hi.  |,|,„„ 

>MnstlM.,.hrd  'IV  Civat  Chief  o(  Iho  J  joined  Snake 
"'I'l  his  eonneil  are  of  opinion,  that  the  I'ale  Fa...  has 
deserved  death. 


l^m^ttlr  ''-'  '""  '""•'""^"  '"■'"'  '"'■'-•  '"'•''•■«•'  I      "  At.  these  words,  the  Indi. „.„   „„„ „,„,, 

"In   the  centre  Ininicd  a  la.-o  liie  in  a  l.rixier  the  '  l',^ I ";'■■''" '."^  '  f  '  '''''   "V'  ""''••'■«'^""1  ;  '^"d.  litti,,;.  n, 

smoke  fVom  which  to.ind  its   w..-  tliioiS;  ih™;.^    the  heaiskin  that  cove, .,„  ,, .■ •,  "    .' 

t  IS  alw.ivj  fit    til.,  f !■ 1.    Ill  '  " 


that  IS  always  at  the  topof,.aeli  Indian  hnt. 

"    "■"  I'idians,ar I  with  their  tomahawks,  yiiarded 

the  door  ot  the  council  hut,  and  the  chiefs,  appaivntlv 
annoyed  l,y  the  cries  of  the  cnrions  crow,!,  .-a\e  onlci; 
that  the  eiitranco  should  l,o  dosed  with  a  hear  skin. 
At  tir.st  they  commenced  with  the  eeivmonv  of  the 
calumet  ;   the  old,..st_eliief  haviiij;  ,hscril.e,l  a  circle  on 


tl.ognM,nd,and  nude  c..rtain  eai  Ji         s^i;!:-'     ,-'f ''"%:'    ""■  ^^''i'"   l<'-]'i"K  Ins  eyes  iixed 

^-•^."i.ai.ur ,eoai,  and  lighted  wilh  a^":;':!.;  '"*;:  t' h:  ;:;  t!:^^..!:*.^^ '':'' '  ''^'M-i-'v"  "i--. 


,  ,,    .,        ;■;  -    •, *'"'  'l""i-  of  the  coiiiKil  t"nt, 

«ent  forth  Alter  her  departme,  a  new  p.daver  .rot 
>.].  among  the  council  of  ,h,efs.  I  thonght/at  one  mo- 
ment, that  there  was  a  .livision  of  ..pinion  w:ll,  i,  .r.,rd 

to  my   sentence;  iMit,  in   a   very  slant  t ,  the  m-in- 

ni'al  chiet  cut  .short  the  .lispiite  hy  taking  ,ip  tlio 
fom.diawk  ot  war.     This   lie   jdaced  on  mv  head.  ,„•„- 

""■'""•  »V'"  ^•"""  tim...  .some  words  in'  the  Indian 

ill    the  while    keejiing  his  eyes  iixed  on  the 


."  1.  ..i  i.u.Miog  eoai,  am     11' itcil  w  th  It  the  i"ilioiw.t  n  T  *i         i  ..     ,•  ■-■■■.>■  n  ,oH>»e. 


took  upahur.iing  coal,  and  lighted  with  it  the  calumet 
-d  the  trihe.  I  Ins  he  first  offered  t,.  the  (ireat 
Alanit^n    the   sun,  the  earth,  and   the  four  cardinal 

por       ^  

eon 

use.1  it  in  the  same  manner,  as.^.ch  of  tlie.n  is  phsh'ed  '  tjiivt 'itlnd    ZZ  'fn-"^"' 

ii:'nki:''f,;hfr  t  ^'•"^*  r''  tosmo,jii.one:i:Mi^j":i,.;;  :is'  „■"■ 

«l...«ed    me    ,a    tomahawk     st- in  d       11,    I        I  * 'fy    ^^^  tl-.y  s„ug,  ,„   „    „,onotoi,ous  tone,  mv  dcatli-soi,,/ 
weapon.    I  suppose  the     x  ci    io,  e  no   V     "  '  7    '''''  ''.*''f ■.■-"''-'   "-  ""'  t"  sleep,  wo.n  .lowii  ,^ 

It  was  lucky  ho  knew  where  to  stop,  for  inv  arms 
were  still  tied  hehind  m.-,  and  mv  lica.l  would  Jiave 
been  cut  into  hits  if  he  had  happened  to  let  the  weapon 

lull  U])oll  it.  ' 

'•'i'liis  ceremony  c.jmjiloted,  they  w<'nt  ami  replaced 


•e   than   oni.   victim.      A 

,■,.-■  .iroiight  in.   iipnii  which  a 

t   Indians  hud   theinselvvs  down  and  Miiokc<l, 
nous  tone,  my  dtatli-sontf, 


.'  :;""  '■•••'.-'"■.  eiii.pi.oii.  and   hunger,  which  it  wa.'i 

impossihle  to,sati>ty  wiih  tlio  handful  of  dried  elies- 
nuts,  cooked  in  the  a>lie.s,  that  mv  guards  olh'rcd  me 

"Two  days  and  two  nights" succeeded  each  other, 
svithout  producing  any  great  change  in  mv  sitnati<,n 

"On  tJie  morning  of  the  third  day,  mv  attention  was 
attracted  liy  an  unusual  tumult  of  voices,  and  of  comera 

ami    (riini'.^   ill    fli.i  .^.i,.,i.  \  II     i1 1,1  ■     1   ,      -r  ,       . 


t..e  to^z  n^h^'  Ii:  :7,ire"';:';*t'^^^  "^r"  v-;;;;;^.;!  t^-it^f-i^e;  amiir.::: 

' '-  il  e  s    I   w  of  th     r  '"'       "  iT"'*-'-  ,  >"a,i"stieally  eMui,,ped,  followed   1 '•  a  hundred   warlord 

in,,  '  1"':,"  ,*'  '  l'"''""  r  "";>^''::^  '•>■  "l-^  --  t'-"     -if'  -si-  I'l"".-  l,.  thdr  hair- some  of  them   a.     . 


pahaciics  helieve  the  (;rand  Spirit  to  reside. 

"  I  he  sipiaw  of  the  Indian  woiimh'd  hv  me  was  then 
"'"•'"lueed.  and  that  one  of  tlio  chiefs  who  had  open.  ,1 

the  sitting  questioned  her  as  to  wdiat  .sh,.  knew  aliout  the 
'■hargc  against  me.  1  could  ^,ee  verv  well,  fr.uii  th.'  first, 
:.::,t  tl.o  ,H,„r  little  squaw  was   lu.' to  inclined  to  pity 


niaje.stically  equi],ped,  followcl  hv  a  hundred  warri,.r8 
with  eagle  i.hiiiies  in  their  hair- .some  of  them  armed 
with  hows  and  hueklers  of  h,ar,l  wood  coveivd  with 
tho  skin  <if  the  gri/.zly  hear,  ji.iintcd  in  divers  colour.s— 
others  with  flint  tiiiisket.s.  Tho  tomahawk  of  war.  of 
which  ]  have  ulreiidy  .spoken,  was  handed  to  the  chief. 


40i 


ALL   BOUND  THE   WORLD. 


IMi, 


ii '  li 


ami  ho  iilaicil  hiiiiTir  iit  (he  lini.l  of  my  fiimirul  pro- 
cfsNimi.  'I'liiy  imlii'il  my  li';,'^,  uml  I'd  iiic  "iit  of  tlif 
hut  with  II  cniil  iniiiiil  my  in'ck.  I  Mt  thiit  tho  hi)ur 
ipf  mv  cliMtli  hii<l  Mi-iivi'd. 

"Like  a  tnir  suLlii^r-,  [  ri'Mij,'iic(l  myscit'  to  my  f'atf, 
and  iiiiirchfil  mi  with  all  tlic  |iiiilc  ami  :i.M,iiiamT  that 
mv  spirit  riiiild  mu^liT  "ill  nf  my  iiiiitiiti'il  Hi'.hIi.  Ah 
Hdim  lis  we  hail  ij'it  niiliiilr  iIk^  InU,  Ihi'   Imliaiis  of  my 

csciirt  miiiiiitfil  tliiir  Ikhm's  -  wliiiOi  wn iif,'iiific'iiitly 

caparisiMifil  with  llii'  skins  of  ti,i,'<  rs  anil  huiraloii.s,  ami 
«'\«>ry  man  had,  liinnin;;  loinnl  his  hiiilh',  a  iiiimher 
miiro  or  less  lit' till' si'iilps  lit' his  rni'iiiirs. 

"Tim  immriisi'  prairiu  that  siirrnundfd  ihf  wiywams 
of  the 'rimpaliaihis  was  oivi'ri-d  with  Indiims.      I  was 

imt  hmj,'  in   disi'u'crin;,',   fi i    tin-   divnsity  of  thrir 

aoriiiitri'mi'iits,  tliat  a  f^ii'iit  many  dill'iTrnt  Irilics  wiTr 

lici-i"  I'lillfi'tt'il.      My  I'S t  (if  wari'iiiis  mndiU'ti'd  me 

til  the  rcnti-i'  nf  this  mcadiiw,  a  work  of  sumo  dilliiMilty 
from  till'  pri'ssiirc  if  the  nnioiis  pii|iiilation.  In  the 
C'iMitro  of  the  I'rairie  was  raided  a  kiiiil  of  hilloek,  on 
tlie  lop  of  whieh  was  tiie  trunk  of  a  youiiK  oak,  with 
the  liranilies  lopped  otf  This  was  the  War  I'ost, 
mid  to  this  I  wasim diately  lied  liy  the  hands  a'ld  feet. 

"I   h:id  lieen    in    this  position   Minie   ti w  iu-n  the 

(Jrcftt  Chief  eame  towards  me,  aeeom|ianieil  liy  ajier- 
aoiiHge  who,  althoiiMh  he  w.i.s  nilied  and  swathed  in  the 
manner  of  the  Indians,  had  yet  a  Kuropean  appearanee. 
llo  was  a  man  of  aliont  sixiy-live  years  of  a;,'e,  of  larj,'e 
stature  and  mhust  frame,      lie  wore  a  vciy  long  red 

lienrd,  i Ir.iry  to  the  cii.itom  of  the  Indians,  who  are 

a  smooth  skinned  raee  ;  g.irmeiits  of  untamed  panther 
.skins  added  mn.  h  to  his  s.ivave  iihysiognomy,  and  he 
cirried  a  litle  in  a  >iing,  a  hatehet  uml  a  revolver  in 
hi»  belt. 

"  '  The  (Ireatt.'hief  of  (he  Tiinpaliaehes  hero  present,'' 

B,-,id  111'  t i;  in  i;o  »[  |'!ii-lisli,  'charges  mo  to  tell  you 

that  he  h.is  eondeiiiiinl  you  to  disilh  ;  his  sagelie.sH  has 
eouiisellid  him  to  this  resolution  for  si'\eral  reasons; 
the  tirst  aid  most  eoneliisive  of  whieh  is— your  Amo- 
riean  niitioiiality;  the  seeoiid,  is  the  mortal  wound  in- 
llieted  ly  you  in  tho  territory  of  the  Timpaliaehes,  on 
Hii  Indi.in'of  his  trihe.  In  ooiisiileratioii,  howover,  of 
tlie  good  deeds  related  a.s  done  liy  you,  he  has  merci- 
fully exemp  I'll  you  from  tho  cruel  punishment.s  usually 
inflicted,  and  to  whieh  I  myself,  an  Indian  in  heart, 
and  iin  Kiiglishman  liy  nation,  should  prohahly  have 
heen  o]iposed.' 

'■'  I  thank  you,'  s;iid  1  to  him,  'for  a  feeling  that 
does  you  lioiioiir  ;  lait  lii'  good  enough  to  inform  tin; 
(,'liief  that  he  is  m  staken  in  regard  to  my  nationalily ; 
1  am  not  an  Aiinriein  ;  and  if  1  have  wounded  one  of 
tho.se  Inilians  it  was  only  in  self-defence,  jmshed  (w  I 
was  to  tho  extii'ino  hy  tho  man's  ingratitude  towards 
one  who  had  ]ireservid  him  and  his  tiun'Iy  from  the 
teeth  and  claws  of  a  grizzly  hear.  For  the  rest,  is  it  not 
in  the  nature  of  a  umu  to  defend  his  life  when  it  is 
menaced  / ' 

"  Without  rejilying  directly,  my  strange  interlocutor 
answered  — 

•' '  .'^ir,  your  ]iositioii  aU'ects  mo  very  nnich  :  have  you 
not  a  family  to  riiinl.  a  wile,  a  mmher,  a  sister,  to 
dcplori.'  your  death  ( ' 

"  '  Yes,'  I  replied  ;  "  and  they  will  all  feej  the  greatest 
nllliction  wlun  they  see  mo  no  more  return  to  the 
homo  of  my  fathers  ;  Imt,  at  any  rate,  they  will  be 
ignorant  of  where   or   lii>w  I   have  lost  my  existence. 

Apart  fi 1  this,   death   lias  no  terrors  for  me  :  misery 

has  taught  nie  to  give  it  a  welcome.     When  I  decided 


upon  makiiif;  this  rxcni-Hinn  to  tho  Rocky  MoiintHinfi, 
I  had  determined  upon  tliu  sarriliee  of  my  life  ;  death 
is  to  me  but  II  coiiimon  and  foreseen  aciident  ;  for  thu 
rest,  I  am  iiHoldier,  and  uiii^er  this  lillc  I  kIihII  bliow  U> 
the.se  barbarians  thai  a  Kieiichmaii  knows  how  to  diu 
as  bravely  as  an  Indiiiii  warrior.' 

".\t  these  words,  1  saw  emotion  biam  from  the  eye 
of  this  mall  hunter,  who  nccimd  so  limi'idus  at  tlie 
first  glance. 

'•  '  I  have  tried  every  means,'  said  he,  '  to  obliiii  par- 
don for  you  from  tlii->e  Indians,  but  there  is  a  powerful 
party  against  you  in  '.'le  eouneil  of  the  chiefs.  Tlio 
Indian  whom  you  wounded  was  the  brother  in  law  of 
one  of  the  most  inlliiintial  warriors  of  the  tril  e.' 

"  '  I  thank  you  again,'  1  re|ilicd,  '  but  |ierinit  ine  io 
ask  from  you  a  single  and  last  service  liclore  1  diu, 
that  you  will  iindertako  the  task  of  al>riil;.'ing  my 
punishment,  and  will  unilerlake  to  r<'mit  a  ineilalliou 
which  I  have  here  on  my  heart  to  one  of  my  com- 
patriots whom  I  left  bchiiid  in  Kraiiie,  when  about 
to  depart  for  America.  I  am  unwilling  that  iliis  image, 
which  rei'alls  the  tiaits  of  tho  dearest  of  women, 
should  be  profiiied  after  my  deatli  by  tlu'so  .savages. 
You  will,  doubtless,  go  some  day  to  Sacraineiito,  or 
even  to  San  Kranci.sco,  where  ymi  will  be  sure  to  meet 
some  Frcnchnian  worthy  to  iciiivo  the  sacred  deposit, 
with  the  mission  of  annouiicing  to  this  lady  that  1 
died  in  the  jihieers.' 

"' That  mission  is  sacred  to  lue,'  he  i'e]ilied,  '  I  will 
make  a  journey  expressly  to  accomplish  your  last 
wishe.s,  and  I  proli.ise  you,  on  my  lioiioiiras  an  Kngli.sh 
gentleman  and  an  Indian  chief,  religiously  to  carry  out 
this  sacred  trust.' 

"' Open,  then,  my  fur  coat,  and  ymi  will  liiid  this 
medaliioii.'  After  ask'iig  my  permission  to  do  so.  ho 
olienod  the  coat,  and,  \\  ilh  eyes  wet  with  tears,  said  to 
me,  '  Villi  must  have  Imcii  unhappy,  iiiilecd.  at  ipiitting 
for  ever  this  lovely  en  atlirc,  whoso  sad  look  .sicms  to 
presage  in  adviinco  the  dangers  that  awaited  your 
perilous  journey.' 

•"The  tears  that  rolled  down  on  the  face  of  my  gar- 
ments were  mv  only  reply.  In  the  lo,  kit  that  eon- 
taiiied  this  iiicliire,  I  li.id  written  my  friend's  iiaiiie  ; 
when  tho  stranger  saw  this,  he  asked  me  i|iiickly,  if 
that  was  my  iiaine  also,  and  whether  1  was  of  Knglish 
ilesoent  ( 

"'  Yes  ;  and,  assuredly,  I  am  )iroud  of  it.'  J  replied. 
'My  ancestors  foMcvid  the  fortunes  of  the  Stuarts,  and 
ab.-indoiied  fortune  and  country  to  accompany  into 
France  their  exiled  king.' 

"  ]le  did  not  sutler  me  to  conclude. 

"'What  then  !' he  exclaimed,  'are  j'ou  descended 
from  that  Wogan,  whoso  worth  has  Imi  n  n.ade  so 
famous  by  tho  author  of    Wava'/fij.^      'J  hen,  if  it  be  so, 


'  Tlio  CaptalM  Wiiguii  vvlinse  ('iiloi|irisiii({  diiiruflcr  is  «o  well 
ilriivvii  liy  (.'hui'inliiii.  Jle  luiil  or  ^'iiiiilly  eiipignl  in  tlie  wivieo 
of  tlic  I'nrliiiiiii'iit,  liiit  liad  iilijinvil  tliat  party  ii|«iii  tlu'ext'i'iitiiiii 
iif  C'liarli'S  1.,  anil  ii|kiii  hcariii;:  tliat  tlie  myal  stacdanl  wa!S  8ut  up 
by  the  Karl  <if  (iloiicairn  ami  (iiMR'nil  Midillvtuii  in  tlu'  lli^'lilaiidH 
iif  Sccitlaiiil,  lodk  liavf  iif  t'liarlcs  II.,  who  was  tliiii  at  I'lirin, 
passed  iiiln  Kn^laiid,  assi'inlili  d  a  bmly  of  Cavaliirs  in  the  iicigli- 
bourli'Kjil  III"  LciM.loii,  and  tniversi'il  tliu  kinplciiii,  wiruli  had  hiuii 
so  loiij;  ui.dir  tliu  doiiiiiiatinii  nf  tliu  iisiirpiT,  by  inanlics  ciiii- 
diiotod  «■'  r.  such  skill,  dexterity,  mid  spirit,  that  he  salely  tinitcd 
liin  handlul  of  horsemen  with  the  Inxly  of  lli(;lilaiideis  then  in 
arms.  After  several  muiitliB  of  desultory  vvarlare,  in  \v  hieli 
Wo.jan's  skill  and  enunige  pained  him  the  hipliesi  npiitarnin,  ho 
had  the  Iiiisfortuiiu  to  lie  wnuiuUd  in  ii  dan;:eriiii8  iiiaiiiier,  and  in' 
surpiial  assistance  iM'iiip  within  reach,  he  tunuiuuted  his  short  but 
glorious  career. —  Wumr/ei/,  chup.  xxix. 


" 


ran  l,tl,„  .l..s,.r,„l„nt  „f  r.-Mnux,  l)„kn„f  lti..l„„o,ul_ 
luiM    «l,o.s.,  aiircstorH    ,h„.,v,|    o„t    tliHlH  .>„  l,..l,„lf  of 

zz"-  '^'^'""""  •""•""  '"•"■'-.'..  iiJ.!..;:l 

"  At  tlu.s.  wo,.,|m,  this  „„.n,  wl.oso  >m,„„,.,t„,..  u,  ,„y 

J-I'nnnpal   w,nn,„s  ..fhi.s  tril.u.'    I  wail,.,!,,,,. 
•'•'I'l.V  It  -p.art.r  „t  an    l„.Mr.   al.Ho.l.,.,!   in   tliouirhtV,  C 

>'II^'.'t.n„.s  l.y  a  sM.l.K,,,  nnnuur  that  ..crva,!..,!  |  ^ 
<•'""!..  un,l  r,.arl,t.,l  tl...  w.wnor.s  wl.o  s,  mm,,  ,  1  " 
war  ,,o.st  T|,...so  w.r,.  tl,.,  wa,  .ne.  of  ,1,.,  trl  w  ,  , 
were  n,ak„,«  .va.ly  f,„.  |,attl...  l-Vo,,.  tl.o  h.iM'.t 
win.  .  I  st,.o,l  ..hai,,,..,,  I  saw  tl,,-  l.,.av..  f...,,,,':;  ,1  ! 
t>m.tlv„«  1„.  K..tl,..,v,l  r,„„„l  l,i,„  ,|,„  ,,i,,.,  ^,,i^,|,  ,„^,, 
...lo,,,.,ll„„.as,ts  ..hi..(;  a,„l  -in.^v  tl„.,a  n,,  with  t  .0 
f.....st.n  l,.,,.,,;ar.  whil..  tho  Ti„,,,al,a..la.i  k..,.t  tl  o 
c'.'iitr.:  lit  tli.j  |ilain.  '  ' 

'■  Si.n,i.  tin,.,  alleiwai'ils  I  saw  tl,..  cl,i,.f:s  „f  (.».•),  t.ihi.  ' 

aiUwu  „,tu  th.,  n.iilillc.  ofth..  ailinv.    Theil- .„n 

(-■rcncu,  this  timo,  \va.s  nut  .,f  lun^'  .huation.     Tluy 


THR  CREMATION  OHAT  AT  CALCUTTA. 


409 

'  "'Y'^^'-f  t7;"-'lH  ""•.  *i  ..nn„x  at  tlai,.  l„.ai| 
won,    w.,,  I,,.  ,,,,,,,,.,,   t,,„   , ,,  

'""1  ...»t..r..,|   n,i-   .11   |,t,.  a„i|   lil,,.,,,.      |    ,„||    ■,„,„  ^^^'^ 

::^z;t!::uX''"'^' ^ ■t,in....i,.t.,„,„.l: 

'  "  In  a  tinv  n,i„„t..stl,i,  whnl..  s....„„  wa.s  ..ha„«i.,l  into 
"""'  "•  «;l'l  '•M,|ii.v,„i.„t.  TI,i.,.o  wa.  a  ui.„i.,al  .1  .„vi  V 
|j-M;m.a!l    tl,.,   a,.s..n,M..il    t,il.,.s,  « |,i,l,    la>.i.il   J!!.;.;.! 

"Nil,-  .11,1  Li.nniix  stiipatlhis.   Tl,a„ks  f.  Inn  pn.tec- 
t  ..  ,,    1     was   ,.„al.l,,|,    .„    salily.    to    i|..hc 1    tl  o   Ji", 

r,v.r„„i|   so    ,„aily   ,....ain  t),.,   r..;;ion   of  tl,..  n.in.a 


"]{' 


l)K    WiKiA.V."' 


till.  I  ,;      •      ^  ■   ,     '"."  '■»•"'«'•'■'•  "f  Sl'"!'!-.  n>,  i.x-rl,i,.f  „f  „„.  of 
t  ..-     KtMluMis  „    tl„_.  ,l„,,l..  .\l„l,il,,  i„  IHIH,  „,„!  i.  ,„.„.  ,.li,.,; 
"t  tliu  lulugrai.l.  at  ISt.  SrviT  (l.amU). 


THE    CREMATrOX    GTTAT   AT    CALCUTTA. 


nURNLXG  AND  EXPOSURE  OF  MODIES  IN 
INDIA. 

An-  ii,ti.|li-.M,t  loivi-i,,.,.,  tl„,  llnngai'ian  C.mnt  K,,,- 
nmnu..l  Anilreasy,  .n..  th.  folinwioj,  sfikloj-  a.rount 
ot  tho  s,v„o  ],.v.,.„l,il,  nntil  v,.,y  roci.ot  tnars,  at  th,. 
great  C,,.|„at,on  Uhat  at  (.'alciitta.  The  tl,i,,l  .lav  of 
his  a,.nval  at  Cal..„.ta,  tl,.!  (',i,„u  sav..,  I,.-  went  out  • 

as  .'urly  MS  ..,x   i,i  th.,  n.o,- t.i    .aaUe  an    excnr-  i 

ssfon  ,„„,s„  |.  .„  the  town.     Foijnwi,,..  ,|,o  l,a„k-.s  of  the  I 
If'-^'hly,   he   tonn.l   all   the    ,,up„latinn    „f  the  town  I 
aireiulyim   foot;  >i..t,vity  ,vij;„..,l  i„  ..v,.,.y  ,l,,,,ction  :  ' 
th..   faii,.s„„.,i   w  .,•..  at  their  «i,ops,   the  wo.kn.en  at 
the,.-  e>„ploy„,..„t.s.      Hv..u  tho  cla.s.ses  who  ,lo  n..t  live 
by  tho  .sw,.at  ot  tl,..ir  brows  were  np  and  takii,-  the 
air,  sonio  o„  l„i,s..l.a..k,  .s.in.o  in  can-ia-es,  Imt  alUlik.- 
bent  on  ..„,,n,n:j  the  early  n,o,„i,..  b,v..ze.      Outsi.le 
ot   tho  towii  the  same  nni.nation  prevail,..!;   the  ma.l 
was  cniwil...    wuhco,,,,.,..  a„.l  ko,.,.h,   s„  nu.eh  so  that 
It  was  almost  <l,lh.',ilt  to  n,ake  one's  way 

a  n'.lr.  'i';,"l  '';"';;•'"',  ""   """■■''''  "''  tl"'"nv..rforal,ont 
a  nn I.,  an,|  a  halt.  wh..,.  a  strange  s.nell  cime  to  affect 

■s  olf,u.to,y  .,,.gans  ,n  a  v,.,y  u.,pl..asant  n,anner;  a 

th,ok  clou.l  of  M„ok..  a,.ose  fro.n  hehin.i  a  very  repul- 

s.ve.I.i.,k.ngwal,  p,„.s„„i„g  the  air  aroun,l,  a,\,l  what 

was  more  s,„g„iar  was,  that  ,i  n,nnl,er  of  l.ir.ls  of  „rev 

were  per..l,...l  along  the   top  of  the  wall  ;  these  were 

vntures  w,th  nak..,|   fl,.,hy  neeks;    faleons  of  va    o u 

us  tleygenenilly  look  aft..r  a  feast,  an.l  the   sight  Jf 
which  .•a„.s,.d  an  uiv.,lunta,y  f,.eli„g  of  ,li.sg„st.' 


These  l,.r.Is  ,I„1  not  s.^om  to  tr.„,l,le  tl„.mselvcs 
M  htl,epass,.rs.liyi.;  Imt  so,,,.,  sl„ml,..,-i.,|,  whih.  oth.Ts 
.l.st,„he.l  by  vcrn„n,  thrnst  tl„.ir  bills  thnm.'h  their 
leathers.  " 

The  Connt  says,  he  sto],pe.l  his  ,.an-iage  in  ,inh.r  to 
<hs..over  the  ,.n,,,„,a  of  the  s.-ene,  an.l  to  asivrtain 
^vl,en..e   the_sn,oke  came  that  a.-.  ..,„i,..l  ov..r  tl„.  wall 


III,  was   tol.l  thai   it  wa.s  the 


lilaee  wl,e,-e  th.T  bnrnt 


'The  „„ly  v„lt,i,o  that  fr...|uc.„ts  tho  «ha,„I.lc8  a„.V  banks  of 
V«rBml,.d.u,,,reyi„Ko..  tlosh.  U  the  so-callcU  Indiau  vdtu™ 


the  .l..,„l,  an.l  that  that  w,w  the  canse  of  ,!,.■  .-.m.'ike  an.l 
ot  tl,e  pr..s..i,e,.  of  binls  of  ju^.y, 

An.l  this,  he  says  he  f.mml  to  be  r..allv  th..  eas..  •  it 

w,isi„  tl„spla..etl,at   the   l„i,|ie.s  f,-,,,,,  t'he  i,„a,.t,.,.'in- 

labit.'.l  l.y  th..   natives   were   l,i„-„t,   or  rather  bn.jlnl 

or   no  s,i,mer   is  the  boily  slight  Iv   lilai-kei,,.,!  by  th.' 

Ha„,..s  than  it  is  r..„„n,.,|  (V.i,,,  tl„."ti,-..  a,„l  tak..„aw  v 

to  be  cast  into  the  sa.'iv.l  watei's  of  the  Jlo.ighly.    The 

birds  along  the  shore   await  this  moment  to  .lo   their 

work  so  th.at  the  i,.lativ..s  ofth..  de....as...l  ran  a..ti„illyi 

stand  by  and  s.'e  with  what  limbs  tl„.se  rav..no,is  crea- 

ttir..s  b..giii  to  disembarrass  the  d.'a.l  of  tl„.ir  carnal 

envelope.     The  struggle   ha.l  just   b,  .;,„,  with  a  bo.ly 

thiit  lay  exjioscl  on  the  shore,  an.l  wishing  to  witness 

so  stniiige  a  spi-ctacle,  our  tr.iv,.|ler  inov..!  t.,war.ls  it, 

]iassii,g  ov.T  a  h..ap  of  bon.'s,  scattere.l  here  an.l  th..|(.' 

an.l  he   thus  came  within   a  few   paces  of  where  the 

(T:  Tndicus).  Fiileong  nn.l  In.wks  me  liii-.Is  nf  pr.-v  f.-clinc 
i„iist!y  on  what  th.-y  kill,  ,ilili.„,-l,  it  ia  tr,iL>  th:it  tho  I'.m.liohorry 
Kiljlo  (F„/co  Poiitieeriamis)  x\U,  o.its  ll,e  r.i.iMiiis  of  .load  animals. 
Ihe  proat  soav.ingrrs  of  In.lia  are  h.nvovor  the  ii.ljiilants,  or 
jritjanlic  storks  or  ci-a, U.S.  wliii'h  su„,o»li:i|-,  r..soiiiMo  tl,o  Afrloim 
niaralint,  or  holy  st.a-k  ( Anlea  iliibia  .if  ( iiiichu,  Cii;;ii„  arijala  of 
V.pirs),  and  which  ai'o  ja-itoutod  in  tho  slnu'ts  of  ii„|,iilous  cities 
on  that  account.  Those  and  tho  Indian  vulture  are  the  birds 
figured  in  tl,o  illustration. 


410 


ALL  ROUND  THE  WORLD. 


I  i^i 


!■  ii   i 


nnaiomi.-al  opcnition  was  going  on  ;  he  wished  to  (1p- 
U'riiiiiif  wliat,  kind  of  bird  was  most  skilt'ni  in  ilisscrting 
dead  liodic-i,  and  he  saw  tliat  it  WiW  dccidt'dly  a  stork 
providoil  witli  a  long  appondage  to  ita  breast.  Tliis 
I'xcelknt  anatomist  in  many  respects  resembles  the 
Enropean  sjM'eies,  liut  it  is  stronger  and  taller  (being 
four  feet  in  height).  Jts  bill  alone  i-s  about  a  foot  in 
Icnj^h — it  is  a.s  hard  as  stone,  and  coiise(piently  well 
adapted  to  tearing  np  its  boiity  ;  it  d(M>s  not  indeed 
give  itself  much  tmulile  in  the  matter,  for  it  can  swal- 
IciA- a  cat  in  a  single  mnuthful.  The  .substances  taken 
up  by  this  eniirninus  bill  are  allowed  to  fall  into  the 
poucii  in  front,  and  it  is  only  after  undergoing  a  pre- 
liminary ])roc' ss  of  softening  then  iiat  it  is  (Jnally 
swallowed  and  disposed  of  in  the  interior  stomach. 

Thanks  to  these  peculiarities,  tiie  bird  becomes  thus 
a  member,  as  it  were,  of  tlio  iirivileged  easte.s,  for  it 
can  walk  proudly  in  the  streets,  in  tiu-  miilst  even  of 
crowds,  without  any  one  distnrbin:,'  it ;  there  is  indeed 
a  fine  of  liftv  rupees  against  any  one  who  .should  do 
them  an  injury  ;  to  kill  one  would  be  a  crime.  The 
lity  of  Calcutta  cannot  indeed  bi'  too  grateful  to  these 
birds;  it  is  they  who  pick  up,  in  the  midst  of  refuse, 
the  remains  of  animals,  liirds  and  lish,  and  but  for 
their  presence,  consi<lering  the  idleness  and  indiflference 
of  the  inhabitants,  they  would  run  the  risk  of  encum- 
bering the  streets,  and  fatally  ]ioisoniug  tlio  atmo- 
sjihere. 

These  two-li>gged  scavengers  have  a  perfect  sense  of 
their  imjiortance  and  their  utility,  for  the  Count  de- 
e!ares  that  the  governor's  ]ialace  is  their  favourite  resi- 
dence. How  many  times,  he!  says,  has  he  been  witness 
from  his  window,  which  wits  directly  opposite  to  the 
pdace,  of  the  irregularities  which  these  sacred  liosts 
piM-mitted  tht.'inselvis  o\cr  th 
when   earlv  in  the  morning 


hurry,  that  they  are  often  depn.sited  on  the  banks  of 
till!  river  before  they  are  quite  dead.  Jfi  as  it  some- 
times happens,  person.s  so  ex|Hi.sed  come  to  life  again, 
they  cannot  return  within  the  precincts  of  the  city  ;  they 
are  obliged  to  emigrate  toa  distant  district  situated  (in 
the  borders  of  the  (Janges,  where  tliere  are  whole  vil- 
lages of  resuscitated  beings.  The  liindhus  despiscMind 
avoid  places  tlius  j)eopled.  Formerly,  bodies  could  bo 
burnt  anywhere  on  the  banks  of  the  Jlooghly  ;  hut 
nowa-days  the  authorities  liave  limited  the  accomplish- 
ment of  the  ceremony  toone  sjieciul  point. 

It  was  only  when  he  left  this  sad  scene,  and  that  he 
found  himself  in  the  midst  of  a  purer  atmo.spliere, 
that  the  Count  says  he  becanu;  fully  sensible  of  the 
poi.sonous  exhalatiims  with  which  even  his  clothes  li.id 
become  impregnated. 

Till  within  a  very  brief  time  ago  Count  Andrea-ny's 
description  of  the  Cremation  Ghat  of  Calcutta,  however 
coloured,  did  not  in  reality  exceed  the  truth.  After 
quitting  the  F.uro])ean  ])art  of  the  city  and  the  ship- 
ping, together  with  a  great  part  of  llie  congregated 
fleet  of  native  store-boats  from  tlie  ])rovinces  that 
crowd  the  bank  lu'ar  the  northern  division  of  the  city, 
the  first  object  that  used  to  attract  attention  was  a 
cerl.iin  bare  aiul  dismal-looking  quadrangle,  open  at 
the  river  side,  upon  the  high  walls  of  which,  overlook- 
ing the  ground  immediately  contiguo»ts,  where  a  cer- 
tain native  hide  nu'rchant  and  contractor  with  the 
Conservancy  Commissioners  carried  on  his  delicate 
operations  in  connection  with  the  definict  (juadrupeda 
of  tJalcutta,  were  perched  some  fifty  or  more  luingry 
and  expectant  vultures  :  whilst  amongst  them  or 
beneath,  stalking  amid.st  bones  and  rubbish,  and  anon 
scared  from  their  object  by  a  pack  of  equally  hungry 
head  of  the  British  lion,  j  and  disgusting-looking  jiariah  dogs,  disputants  for  the 
they    lined    the    palace-  |  prize,    were  seen   a  score    or   so  of   the   adjutantp,  or 


ti'rr.ice  !  These  funereal  and  irreverent  birds  were  gigantic  cnme. 
from  five  to  six  thousand  in  number.  The  governor  i  This  building  was  known  !is  the  "  Bin-ning  Chat,"  a 
nimself  had  the  deepest  respect  for  this  guard  of  spot  inclosed  and  appro]iriated  by  the  ilindhus  for  the 
honour;  for  he  never  dared  to  ]iut  his  nose  out  of  his  puriio.se  of  burning  tiicir  dead.  When  the  Ilindhus 
window  to  see  what  Wiis  taking  place  on  the  top  of  his  are  said,  all  who  can  afford  it  must  be  understood, 
residence.  which,  unfortunately,  not  one  half  of  the  community 

Count  Andre.i.sy  was  disturbeil  from  his  observations  are  enabled  to  do.  As  with  a  very  small  exception 
by  a  noise  which  sounded  like  crackling,  and  turning  (certain  classes  and  persons  who  die  a.scetics)  Hindhus 
rouml  he  saw  that  a  bodv  had  just  been  placed  upon  |  do  not  bury  their  dead,  it  becomes  naturally  a  matter 
till"  fire  behind  him.  Two(>thcrs  we:e  already  exposed  ,  of  curiosity  to  know  how  tlie  |iooier  elas.sesare  dispo.sed 
to  the  tl  iiii(>s  ;  and  the  fire  was  kept  np  by  two  men  as  ,  of.  They  are  left  ui)oii  the  bank  of  the  river,  whither, 
lilack  as  ebony  ;  around  and  lyingoii  bundles  of  straw,  indeed,  they  are  often  taken  to  die,  until  carried  away 
and  even  on  the  naki  1  gi'ounil,  were  othc  bodies  by  that  river's  .sacred  tide — that  river  from  which 
w.iiting  tliei-  turn;  they  were  completely  nude,  >  Calcuttii  i.s,  in  a  great  nietisure,  supplied  with  drinking 
although  it   is  only  the  inidille  clas.ses  who  have  the  j  water  ! 

liodies   of  their   relatives  burnt,  the  poorer  order  are  I       Some  years   back   a   very  sensible   jiropositiem    wna 
satisfied  with  throwing  tluMii  into  the  river.  |  published  in  one  of  the  Calcutta  papers,  recomniemiing 

It  must  not  be  imagined  that  this  cremation  has  any     the   establishment   of  a  subicriptiou  fund,  in  order  to 

put  it  in  the  power  of  the  poor,  as  well  as  of  the  rich 
ilindhus,  to  dis|H)se  of  their  dead  after  that  nutniier 
which,  with  very  trilling  exee])tion.s,  is  not  less  accept- 
able to  Hin<lhii  ]>rejudiccs  and  desires,  than  advatita- 
geons  in  a  sanitary  jMiiiit  of  view  ;  but,  unfortnnatelj', 
although  it  was  .shewn  that  the  expense  could  bo 
brought  within  two  rupees  for  each  cremation,  nothing 
came  of  it.  Inst<'ad  of  there  being  a  cremation  fund, 
the  dead,  save  those  who  are   emjdoyed  in   the  act  of    therefore,  the  police  had  to  keep  certain  l)oats«ndnien 

belonging  to  them,  called  domes,  whose  ofliee  it  was  to 
remove,  by  sinking,  all  offensive  objects  found  floating 
<ui  the  river,  which  they  did  often,  only  after  tlu!  s))ec- 
tiiclc  had  pa.s.seil  through  the  whole  fleet,  and  found,  at 
length,  a  reating-pluco  against  the  chain  of  some  t-hij). 


relation  t(j  the  ceremony  formerly  practised  in  Home 
on  similar  occasion.s.  With  the  ancient.s,  it  wiw  a 
jiious  custom  ;  children,  brothers,  relatives,  friends, 
servants,  in  fact  all  those  who  were  attached  to  the  de- 
ceased by  ties  of  relationship  or  atiectiiui,  gathered 
riund  the  body,  mourning  and  in  tears  ;  the  ashes 
were  carefully  colleoted,  and  deposited  in  an  urn. 

Hut  in  India  no  one  seems  to  trouble  himself  with 


cremation  it.self".  for  as  far  as,  the  Count  says,  he  could 
observe,  it  is  seldom  that  a  relative  of  the  deceased  is 
seen  there.  Hesides,  nowhere  in  India  are  bodies 
res|ieete<l  :  they  seek  to  get  rid  of  them  as  quickly  as 
possible  ;  they  are  indeed    sometimes    in   so   great  a 


,,.,'jFiiiv'?'Fii|illli!!«!iil'!:!|l|!|ffl!liT^ 


[illllllUH 

■rstood, 
iiiiunity 
ici'ption 
'iiidliUH 

matter 
lisposcd 

■liillicr, 

(I  away 

which 

['inking 

im    was 

ncnding 

urdt'r  to 

he  rich 

iiiiiiinir 

at'i't'pt- 

Ivaiita- 

unatoly, 

)ulll     1)0 

nothing 
)n  fiinil, 
mil  men 
was  to 
floating 
li(^  fi])('('- 
)nn(l,  at 
mi  >-h\\\ 


•THE  CREMATION  ^HaT 


building  hiis  taken  its  iil-ioo      Ti,    i-i  ,'■"'' 

present  oren.at.on  ghat  is  being  .k.erte.l  also  C   „  t n^ 
and  cranes  and  proinises  soon  to  bo  left  in  m.  it  u  . 

conneottd  w  tli  tlie  exposure  of  the  Inidies  of  the  noorei- 
classes  reman,  m  full  force  ;  the  fires  of  Delhi  Jee^t 
Cawn,,oro-„nd  where  not  ?_inten,led  to  ;rarthe 
European  population  of  India  in  the  flamrof  o  o 
Btupendous  ,,yre,  put  all  le.ser  schemes  of  in  rove^^et 
and  amelioration  out  of  the  field  ""I'rove-nent 

Albeit  the  burning  of  the  dead,  it  is  to  be  remarked 
IS  stnetly  enjonied  by  the  Shasters,  and  is  onT  Jf  the 
firs   ceremon.es  performed  by  the  Hindhus  for  the  hd 
of  he  dead  m  a  future  state  ;  there  are  certain  perS 


tics  orl'urrumbungohecs;'  8.  jogees,  a  low  caste  of 

S'rnho  ;^''-^-'!-f -f-ts,  of  tri? 

«icants,  and  the   Jogees,  are   buried.     Tlio   bodies  of 
;l'!ITT '■«["■'■"''"  ""'!-  other  clas.es  a  e    ac- 

ceremo  V  Wifl  Tr  '  '"""""■*  ""-^  «-'•*  °f  ft'"oral 
ceiemony.  With  this  exception,  that  the  bodies  of 
ascetics  are  required  to  be  put  int;  a  stone  or  wrdcn 
chest,  or  tied  to  two  earthern  jars  filled  with  eartl" 
aiul  sank  ,n  tne  nndst  of  the  river.  Beyond  Tl u-  1 
ca.es,  no  other  necessity  exists  foreommitting  the  lead 
to  the  water  than  that  of  j.overty-inability  to  n  r 
chase  the  wood,  oil,  and  other  ^equiremenfs  fbr^t  e 
ceremony  of  burning,  which  inabilitV  compels  the  re- 

to  tS  river  '  *""'  ''""  «""'"»«ing  the  body 

broS' J'^'lf '''?'^',  ''"l""''"^'   '•^"''  '^'•Sument  were 
brought  together  to  show  the  dilHeulty  of  reconciling 

ttinrS";/";"  >""'*'"^  •^"''  i;-J"«"4..ut  wiZom'  ' 
thing  of  that  impatience  which  disgust  at  the  con- 
tinuance of  barbarous  an.l  revolting  practices  creae 
one  IS  almost  led  to  exclaim-less  in  the  words  tin  1 
m  the  spirit  of  Corj^ral  Trim-"  One  home  thnis  '  „ 
the  bayonet  were  worth  it  all !"  The  number  of 
iuu.au  bodies  thrown  into  the  river  at  o.'e  T  tic  .l^r 

fooiirihey^r-'^  "'"^"^""''  ^^  -''   ^^ 
It  is  certainly  to  be  hoped  that  the  day  is  not  far 


1.  ,;         „  ^,     -~  .....»dy  .-ooK  Upon  the  fierv  imiiin- 

J>  ...n  of  the  poor  Hindl.u  wi.low'with  n.uc h^f  tl  a 

stojushmentand  ho.-.-or  with  which  English,.,"        ,^ 
lecall  the  one-time  burning  of  witches  •    n„.l  Z  r 
way  will  the  Hindl.u  yet  learn  ^vit    suTprise  an     diri 
S.OU    the  p,ust  follies  of  those  prejud  ce     whic     ctld 
add  m.sery  to  misfortune,  and  vice  to  both    1,1  e^    „ 
puLsory  widowhood;  and  in  no  less  degree  wiTl  thev 
V  ew  with  disgust   equally  with  their  E.iropean  i^i-icS.  Is^ 

ho  barbarous,  indecent,  and  loatl,son,e  p.ictice  of  "x 
l...Mi,g  thcr  dead  'like  logs  of  wood,"  L,d  S  docs 
ui".n  the  surface  of  that  stream  which  they  evereZ' 
and  those  waters  of  whicli  they  drink  "^^^-'•ence, 

The  i.rogress  of  conversion  in  the  Hindhu  mind 
upon  these  points  has  been  slow,  but  not  le  cer  hf 
Well  ""'•'"^'''/"'^  a  century  since  the  M.^rqu  of 
Wellesley  iss,,e,„„  ordii„u.co  prohibiting  the  sac  ifico 

I  edr;    ,  "'  '^'j  "''""*  °«'P""g  to^ho  Guiges- 
the  ed,ct,  demurred  at  at  first,  is  now  not  only  acoui 
csced  in,  but  is  warmly  applauded  by  the  natives  ^t 

s  much  more  recently  that  the  disgi^aceful  ,,ilg,4m.tax 
has  been  abolished,      \\-ith  whatever  pain  t he  w,"rs  in 

■^re'bounronl/^"''"  "r^  ""^  ^■"-''>  2°-~  ' 
ue  bound   on  the   pnnc.ples  of  tole,,ition  to  leave  it 

.nmoleste,  ;  but  it  M-as  quite  another  thing  to  W  a 
tax  on  each  pilgrim,  and  to  receive  the  offfrings  pre! 
^ent^d  on  the  altar.  Out  of  this  the  templof  were 
kept  m  repa.r  the  salaries  paid  to  the  oftici,  ng 
Brahmins,  and  the  balance  went  to  the  excheque,  It 
w,xs  argued  that  the  raising  of  a  million  sterli ,.  n 
.^■venteeu  years,  from  the  four  principal  ten  p "  of 
Juggernaut,  Allahabad,  Gaya,  al.d  Tripetty,  Cal  a 
measure  which  would  ultimately  prove  hrlstilo  to  Ido- 
V  I-/"!i!  T"  •'"'*'y  remarked  upon  this,  that 
nacices  by  the  Government,  and  the  excellent  order 

decl  1,0  of  the  whole  system.  It  is  true  that  tl,e  ex- 
amples of  conversion  in  India  are  so  few  that  in  a 
national  sense  they  may  be  considered  as  nothing,  but 
we  do  not  on  that  account  despond.  Their  conh\ieuc. 
the  Shastras  a,,d  the  Vedas  is  becoming  shaken: 
the  most  formidable  of  all  obst.vcles,  that  (ff  caste,  is 
sensibly  diminishing.  Moral  revolutions  among  every 
people,  even  after  long  and  ineftectual  exertions  to 
.ring  such  about,  in  general  break  forth  suddenly  at 
last  llie  greatest  changes  in  history  are  illustrations 
of  this  great  fact.  Tl„it  there  is  such  a  silent  ,,repara- 
tion  in  tlie  Indian  mind  appears  evident  from  the  pre- 
valence, among  a  numerous  and  influential  clas,s  of 
J'-nghsh  habits  and  idcis.  and  the  growing  disposition 
to  form  themselves  upon  a  European  model. 


